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V. APPLICANT INFORMATION A. History of the Friends of Amy B.H. Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden The Amy B.H. Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden (the Garden) is located in the heart of Captain Cook, Hawai'i, overlooking Kealakekua Bay. This beloved community resource was established through a land gift to Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum in 1974 by Amy Beatrice Holdsworth Greenwell, a botanist, archaeologist, and Hawaiian cultural enthusiast. The Garden was subsequently enlarged through additional gifts over the last four decades, totaling today 13.6 acres in five parcels. Amy developed an interest in native plants from her father, Arthur Greenwell, on the family ranch in Kona. After WW II, Amy worked at the New York Botanical Garden, where she and Otto Degener collaborated on a volume of the classic Flora Hawaiiensis. By 1948 Amy was back in Hawai'i and in 1951 she built her home on the land which, through her eventual donation, became the Amy B. H. Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden. Amy died from cancer in 1974 and she bequeathed the property to the B.P. Bishop Museum, which fully developed it to become the Garden that she had begun to envision, as documented in her property deeds. The Garden houses an archaeological preserve of the Kona Field system (State Inventory number 50-10-37-6601). These remnants of the massive ancient field systems on the Big Island were re-discovered by modern anthropologists using aerial photographs, beginning with Stell Newman and Lloyd Soehren in the 1960's. Among the many unique attributes of the Garden are the kuaiwi or stonework low walls delineating the Kona Field System, a fifty-square mile network of farms and agroforestry gardens which dominated the landscape from the 1600's to the time of Western contact. Over the last few decades, several books and many scientific articles have focused on the botanical and historical aspects of the Garden. One of the Garden parcels also contains the significant Pa`ikapahu Heiau (State Inventory 50-10-47-3735). This parcel is located in a subdivision about 0.1 mile west of the gardens and was donated by Kealakekua Ranch in 1985. In years to come, we will be working to study, stabilize, and interpret this significant historic site in consultation with Hawaiian practitioners. Today the Garden contains a collection of approximately 250 endemic and indigenous plant species, many of which are critically endangered and may even be extinct in the wild. Additionally, the Garden has over 150 Hawaiian cultivars in traditional agroforesty zones. The Polynesians brought with them about 25 types of new plants to the islands, the `canoe plants', which not only served as food, but also as medicines, building materials, oil, dyes and fibers. Additionally, there are numerous 34