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Integrated Island , Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Climate Adaptation Actions to N <br /> Climate Action Plan for the Build Local Resilience to Climate Change � �� <br /> Vulnerability Analysis: This analysis was limited to the variables considered and does not fully <br /> capture the complex, multidimensional aspects of social vulnerability, such as social networks, self- <br /> sufficiency, and neighborhood conditions. These variables are also subjective to different contexts and <br /> cultures. What is considered "vulnerable" to some may be a strength or may be unimportant to others. <br /> Census data is limited by time lags, spatial scale, and missing or inaccurate information, specifically <br /> from hard-to-reach populations such as rural communities and non-English speakers. A more complete <br /> analysis would need to include a more comprehensive set of factors and qualitative, place-based <br /> community engagement and research to supplement the data and better define "social vulnerability" for <br /> communities on Hawaii Island. A future analysis should also cross-reference the EPA's Environmental <br /> Justice Screening and Mapping Tool or other such tools to include the impact of historic marginalization <br /> and disproportionate effects from pollution or other environmental hazards. Justice40 communities, <br /> communities that are disadvantaged according to Justice40 Initiative criteria in the U.S. and its <br /> territories, should be highlighted in future mapping efforts. <br /> Invasive Species: Invasive species data was not included in the exposure analysis or greenhouse gas <br /> inventory. Future analysis of greenhouse emissions and hazard exposure should include analyses of <br /> the impact of invasive species. The County should partner with federal and state agencies and local <br /> non-profits to incorporate existing data of land cover type into emissions calculations and land use <br /> policy. Invasive species data should also be incorporated into hazard analyses. For example, invasive <br /> trees such as albizia and eucalyptus are prone to falling and damaging infrastructure during storms. <br /> Invasive grasses can enhance wildfire vulnerability. Invasive ungulates, such as wild goats, can cause <br /> damage to ecosystems through deforestation, increasing vulnerability to wildfires and decreasing <br /> carbon sequestration. <br /> Climate Cascades 16 <br />