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Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Climate Adaptation Actions to Aa�� *�r1 Integrated ' of Hawal'i Build Local Resilience to Climate Change � carbon emissions by 70 percent by 2030. Current renewable energy sources on-island include solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biofuels. v I 011-1w. r h .w r w r Solar-paneled parking lot in the West Hawaii Civic Center On and off-grid energy production and electricity use is the second-largest source of emissions on Hawaii Island, with a total of 959,900 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2e) released per year.30 Energy production provides electricity, air conditioning, and heat that support commercial, industrial, and residential activity. The population of Hawaii County is projected to increase a little over 1 percent annually between now and 2045.31 As the population grows, additional building infrastructure and electricity will be necessary for housing and social services such as schools, grocery stores, and medical care. The rise in technology use places an additional burden on electricity needs, as devices such as computers, televisions, and cellphones require immense amounts of electricity to run. Despite potential increase in energy efficiency from digitalization, the greenhouse gas emissions and toxic waste associated with usage and disposal of technologies outweigh the reduction in greenhouse gas 30 County of Hawai'i Department of Research and Development. (2021). Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory for 2017.County of Hawai'i.https://www.hawaiicounty.gov/homoishiowpublishioddocument/304504/637834584810900000 31 State of Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development,and Tourism. (2018). Population and Economic Projections for the State of Hawaii to 2045. https://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/economic/data_reports/2045-long-range- forecast/2045-long-range-forecast.pdf Climate Cascade 1:Greenhouse Gas Emissions 19