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.\,�, Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Climate Adaptation Actions to 0 ' : ' of Hawal'! Build Local Resilience to Climate Change *��►�� Cascade Narrative Rising greenhouse gas emissions increase air and sea surface temperature. Increasing greenhouse gas emissions result in higher air and sea surface temperatures and greater absorption of carbon dioxide in the ocean, which decreases ocean pH (in other words, increases acidity). The number of hot days per year in Hawaii has increased dramatically over the last decade.60 Temperature is predicted to continue rising above historical averages (Figure 12).61 Coastal communities on the island are especially susceptible to increased temperatures, with longer stretches of temperatures well above 80 OF. Higher temperatures alone can be dangerous for the health of humans and other living creatures. Higher temperatures also change the natural cycles of our planet. For example, higher temperatures can affect how the atmosphere retains water, leading to increased rain in some areas and drought in others. Global warming may accelerate even more as increasing air temperature mobilizes the release of methane from thawing Arctic permafrost.62 60 Stevens, L.E., R. Frankson, K.E. Kunkel, P.-S. Chu, and W. Sweet(2022). Hawai'i State Climate Summary 2022. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 150-HI. NOAA/NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD, 5 pp. https://statesummaries.ncics.org/chapter/hi/ 61 Hawai'i Department of Transportation.2021. Hawai'i Highways, Climate Adaptation Action Plan, Exposure Assessments, https://hidot.Hawai'i.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/HDOT-Climate-Resilience-Action-Plan-Exposure-Assessments-April-2021.pdf 62 Froitzheim, N., Majka, J., &Zastrozhnov, D. (2021). Methane release from carbonate rock formations in the Siberian permafrost area during and after the 2020 heat wave. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(32),e2107632118. doi:10.1073/pnas.2107632118 Climate Cascade 2:Air and Sea Surface Temperature 44