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6. CWA Section 402, 33 U.S.C. § 1342, establishes the NPDES program and authorizes the EPA and authorized states to issue permits governing the discharge of pollutants from point sources into waters of the United States. 7. CWA Section 502(12), 33 U.S.C. §1362(12), defines "discharge of a pollutant(s)" to mean any addition of any pollutant to navigable waters from any point source or any addition of any pollutant to the waters of the contiguous zone or the ocean from any point source other than a vessel or other floating craft. 8. CWA Section 502(6), 33 U.S.C. § 1362(6), defines "pollutant"to include, among other things, "municipal waste discharged into water." 9. CWA Section 502(14), 33 U.S.C. § 1362(14) defines "point source"to include "any discernable, confined and discrete conveyance ...from which pollutants are or may be discharged." 10.The State of Hawaii is authorized under the CWA to issue individual NPDES permits. IV. FINDINGS OF FACT AND DETERMINATIONS OF LAW 11.The County of Hawai'i (Respondent) is a "municipality" and therefore is a "person" within the meaning of CWA§ 502(5), 33 U.S.C. § 1362(5). 12. Respondent owns and operates the wastewater collection,treatment, and discharge facilities specified herein, which include approximately 105 miles of gravity sewer lines, 14 miles of sewer force mains, 16 sewer pump stations, three wastewater treatment plants (WWTP)with National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits (Hilo, Papa'ikou, and Kula'imano), one wastewater treatment facility with an Underground Injection Control (UIC) permit (Honokaa WWTP), and two wastewater treatment facilities that utilize subsurface disposal (Kapehu and Kealakehe WWTP).The county owns and operates two wastewater systems that terminate in cesspools.1 The Respondent operates the Kaloko WWTP for the County Office of Housing and Community Development that has a UIC permit. 13. Wastewater discharges from Respondent's facilities include municipal waste, biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, enterococcus, and therefore contain "pollutants," as defined by CWA Section 502(6), 33 U.S.C. § 1362(6). 14. As detailed herein, Respondent's discharge of pollutants in wastewater into navigable waters constitutes a "discharge of pollutants"within the meaning of CWA Section 502(12), 33 U.S.C. § 1362(12). 15. Respondent's Hilo, Papa'ikou, and Kula'imano wastewater treatment facilities discharge into the Pacific Ocean at outfall locations authorized through NPDES permits.The Pacific Ocean 'These two WWTPs are the subject of a separate Order,SDWA-UIC-AOC-2017-0002. In re County of Hawai'i, Docket No. CWA-309(a)-24-003 Page 2 of 17