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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0219.000 2000-2002 J~qV OF Mme. Harry Kim ~.'•';c.'~ % Dixie Kaetsu Mayor 'Q' Mnnaging Director +A ~ p Peter T. Young oi<°aP't` DeputyM¢naging Director 25 Aupuni Street, Room 215 • Hilo, Hawaii 96720-4252 • (808) 961-8211 • Fax (808) 961-6553 KONA: 75-5706 Kuakini Highway, Suite 103 • Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 (808)329-5226 • Fax (808)326-5663 May 4, 2001 Honorable James Y. Arakaki, Chairman and Members of the County Council County of Hawaii 25 Aupuni Street Hilo, HI 96720 Dear Chairman Arakaki and Members: Change of Zone Application (REZ 01-003) Applicant: Queen Liliuokalani Trust Request: ML-la to MCX-20 Tax Man Key: 7-4-8:Portion of 2, 68, 69, 70 As required by Chapter 4, Sec. 5-4.3(C), Hawaii County Charter, transmitted herewith for the County Council's consideration and action is the Planning Commission's letter and enclosures regarding the above-referenced request. Sincerely, ~..tJ~~ Harry Kim Mayor L040601 Enclosures cc: Planning Department ~i l1 ~fJ ~ I p. Comm. No, ! / I+'ile No. ~ ~ ~ ~.1~ x 13~ef. To: ~ C- ref. ~a~e i~ AY ~ 2001 p4Y Oi N,w Harry Kim ~ Mayor ' ! p f'µA ~®ut ®f °Ta~raii PLANNING CONIlVIISSION 25 Aupuni Street, Room 109 • Hilo, Hawaii 96720-4252 (808)961-8288 • Fax (808)961-8742 Honorable James Y. Arakaki, Chairman and Members of the County Council County of Hawaii 25 Aupuni Street Hilo, HI 96720 Dear Chairman Arakaki and Members: Change of Zone Application (REZ 01-003) Applicant: Queen Liliuokalani Trust Request: ML-la to MCX-20 Tax Map Key: 7-4-$:Portion ofz, 48a 69, 70 The Planning Commission, after a duly held public hearing on Apri16, 2001, voted to recommend for your approval the proposed legislative bill to change the district classification for approximately 100.757 acres of land from Limited Industrial (ML-la) to Mixed Industrial-Commercial (MCX-20). The project area is located between Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway and Kuakini Highway, north of the existing Kona Industrial Subdivision and east of the Old Airport State Park, Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii. The Commission concurs with the following Planning Director's reasons for recommending favorable consideration of the change of zone: In order to consider an area for any type of zoning designation, the applicable goals, policies and standards of the General Plan must be adequately addressed. It is only through such a comprehensive policy analysis approach that evaluations and decisions can be made to better time and stage developments to achieve growth determined by the General Plan and related planning documents. The implications of these evaluations and decisions must be also considered as they may have an impact on similar areas in the County. Honorable James Y. Arakaki, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 2 The proposed request from a Limited Industrial (ML-la) to an Industrial- Commercial Mixed (MCX-20) zoned district will conform to the following goals, policies and standards of the Economic and Land Use (Commercial and Industrial) Elements of the General Plan. ECONOMIC • Provide residents with opportunities to improve their quality of life. • Economic development and improvement shall be in balance with the physical and social environments of the island of Hawaii. • The County of Hawaii shall strive for diversification of its economy by strengthening existing industries and attracting new endeavors. LAl~[D USE - GENERA~~ • Designate and allocate land uses in appropriate proportions and mix and in keeping with the social, cultural and physical environments of the County. • Zone urban- and rural-types of uses in areas with ease of access to community services and employment centers and with adequate public utilities and facilities. • Allocate appropriate requested zoning in accordance with the existing or projected needs of neighborhood, community, region and County. • The county shall encourage the development and maintenance of communities meeting the needs of its residents in balance with the physical and social environment. • Zoning requests shall be reviewed with respect to General Plan designation, district goals, regional plans, State Land Use District, compatibility with adjacent zoned uses, availability of public services and utilities, access, and public need. LAND USE - ~M~R~IAL • Provide for commercial developments that maximize convenience to users. Honorable James Y. Arakaki, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 3 • Provide commercial developments that complement the overall pattern of transportation and land usage within the island's regions, communities, and neighborhoods. • Commercial facilities shall be developed in areas adequately served by necessary services such as water, utilities, sewers, and transportation systems. Should such services not be available, the development of more intensive uses should be in concert with a localized program of public and private capital improvements to meet the expected increased needs. • Distribution of commercial areas shall be such as to best meet the demands of neighborhood, community and regional needs. • The development of commercial facilities should be designed to fit into the locale with minimal intrusion while providing the desired services. Appropriate infrastructure and design concerns shall be incorporated into the review of such developments. • Commercial development shall be located in areas adequately served by transportation, utilities, and other amenities. Commercial developments shall provide for adequate internal circulation amongst commercial facilities in the area. LAND ~T~l~ - INDUSTRIAL • Designate and allocate industrial area in appropriate proportions and in keeping with the social, cultural, and physical environments of the County. • Through its zoning powers, the County shall locate industrial areas convenient to transportation facilities, and provide a variety of industrial zoned districts and lot sizes, depending on the needs of the industries and the communities. • Industrial development shall be located in areas adequately served by transportation, utilities, and other amenities. Redeveloping or newly developing areas shall be developed in concert with programmed public and privately funded infrastructure to meet the expected needs. The Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map component of the General Plan is a representation of the document's goals and policies to guide the coordinated growth and development of the County. It reflects a graphic depiction of the physical Honorable James Y. Arakaki, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 4 relationship among the various land uses. The requested zone change from a Limited Industrial (ML-la) to anIndustrial-Commercial Mixed (MCX-20} zoned district conforms to the LUPAG Map, which designates the property as Industrial. Industrial areas include uses such as manufacturing and processing, wholesaling, large storage and transportation facilities, and light industrial uses. It should be noted that the General Plan states that the Zoning Code can be amended to create mixed-use zones and that such mixed-use zones are appropriate in areas of economic transition, such as light industrial areas which are in demand as sites for commercial uses. Given the language contained in the General Plan, the gradual transformation of the adjacent Kona Industrial Subdivision to an area of mixed industrial and commercial uses, and the proximity of the project area to the Kona Industrial Subdivision, the proposed project is consistent with the current LUPAG designation. Therefore, it is determined that the request is consistent with the industrial form depicted on the LUPAG Map for this area of North Kona. The Kona Regional Plan, adopted by the Planning Commission in April 1984, designates the area for Urban Expansion. The Keahole to Kailua Development Plan, which was adopted as Resolution Number 296-91 by the County Council on Apri13, 1991, was guided by an overall goal to develop a mixed residential, commercial, resort, industrial and recreational. The K to K Plan designates the area of the subject property for CommerciaUIndustrial uses. Therefore, it is determined that the request is consistent with other land use planning documents for this area of North Kona. The petitioner is requesting a change of zone from a Limited Industrial (ML-la) district to an Industrial-Commercial Mixed (MCX-20) district fora 100.757-acre area comprised of TMK: 7-4-8: Portion of 2, 68, 69 & 70. TMK: 7-4-8:2 currently consists of 947.572 acres, of which 87.83 acres are within the project area. TMK: 7-4-8:68 consists of 6.674 acres, TMK: 7-4-8:69 consists of 4.507 acres, and TMK: 7-4-8:70, which is a road lot, consists of 1.746 acres. The project area was formerly referred to as the "100-acre Kona Industrial Subdivision Expansion Area" and is now referred to by the petitioner as the "Makalapua Business Center." The petitioner states that the successful rezoning of the project area will allow it to further plan and develop its lands on the basis of future available market opportunities. Road lots within the project area total 10.8- acres and the net land area available for development is 89.9 acres. The petitioner presently has no development plans for the project area, other than a 6.674-acre site being developed by Hawaii Planing Mill (HPM) for a home improvement center. HPM is relocating from a smaller existing site within the KIS. The petitioner estimates that future development maybe comprised of approximately 40 acres for commercial uses, 29 acres for industrial uses and 21 acres for outdoor commercial recreation uses. Commercial uses are anticipated along Makala Boulevard and along Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway. Industrial uses, including the proposed HPM development, are anticipated in areas adjoining the existing KIS, and outdoor recreation uses are anticipated along the Old Honorable James Y. Arakaki, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 5 Airport Road, coinciding with the adjoining County's Kailua Park and the Old Kona Airport State Recreation Area. Phase 1 development is anticipated to occur by the year 2010 and will include both expansion of the existing KIS developments onto land within the project area, and new development mauka of Luhia Street. Phase 2 is anticipated to extend development incrementally along Makala Boulevard and to the makai side of Luhia Street by the year 2020. Phase 3 development is anticipated to occur throughout the remaining area between Phase 2 and the Old Airport Road beyond the year 2020. Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway and Kuakini Highway are the two primary regional roads that provide access to the project area. The Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway is presently atwo-way, two-lane undivided State-owned road. The State is planning to widen QKH from Henry Street to Keahole Airport to a four-lane road, and is in the process of acquiring land for the widening at this time. Kuakini Highway is presently a two-way, two-lane undivided County road. The County is planning to widen Kuakini Highway between Palani Road and Hualalai Road. It should be noted that Kuakini Highway terminates at the southwestern corner of the project area. The Old Airport Road, which extends from Kuakini Highway along the makai frontage of the project area, is an easement obtained by the County from the State for access and utility purposes. As a condition of approval with this recommendation, the applicant shall be required to make improvements to the frontage along the Old Airport Road if the Planning Department determines that this road will function as the permanent alignment of the Kuakini Highway extension, which is shown as Shore Drive in the Keahole to Kailua Development Plan. Together with Makala Boulevard, Old Airport Road and Kuakini Highway serve as an alternative route into and through Kailua-Kona. Makala Boulevard is presently a two-way, two-lane private road, which serves as the main arterial road through the project area. It has a pavement width of 24 feet within an 80-foot right-of- way. Makala Boulevard connects Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway to the Old Airport Road, and is planned to be upgraded to a four-lane, two-way road. The petitioner plans to incrementally raise Makala Boulevard to dedicable standards concomitant with adjoining development. Makala Boulevard's intersection with Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway is presently controlled by a traffic signal, while its intersection with the Old Airport Road is controlled by a four-way stop sign. Luhia Street is a local arterial road, which connects the project area to the existing Kona Industrial Subdivision. Wilbur Smith Associates completed a Traffic Impact Study of the project area in December 2000 to assess traffic impacts of the development through the year 2020, with an interim assessment provided for the year 2010. The year 2010 coincides with the Phase I development projections while 2020 coincides with Phase II projections development. Currently, congested conditions occur at the intersections of Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway with Palani Road and Kaiwi Street. Even without the project, traffic volumes are expected to increase substantially by 2010. The study assumed that Honorable James Y. Arakaki, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 6 the State's widening of Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway, the County's widening of Kuakini Highway and the petitioner's plans to extend Eho Street to Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway will be completed by 2010, and concluded that these improvements would improve traffic conditions to acceptable levels at the present problem intersections. Phase 1 of the project would include the development of approximately 35 acres between Luhia Street and Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway and in the area that abuts the existing Kona Industrial Subdivision, along the southern boundary of the project area. With the project, the study further assumed that the widening of Makala Boulevard to full right-of--way width between Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway and Luhia Street and the installation of a new service road between Luhia Street and the Old Airport Road would be completed by 2010. Traffic conditions with the project would result in large increases on Makala Boulevard by the year 2010, resulting in very long delays for traffic exiting the project area on the northeast corner of the intersection of Makala Boulevard and Luhia Street, which is currently stop sign controlled. The study indicates that these traffic conditions and the overall conditions at the intersection would satisfy warrants to allow the installation of traffic signals and recommends that detector loops and conduit for future installation of signal controls be installed at the time of the Makala Boulevard widening project. The study further recommends that once the northeast corner is developed, that periodic traffic surveys be conducted to determine if and when the actual traffic conditions warrant the installation of a traffic signal. By the year 2020, traffic conditions without the project will continue to operate at acceptable levels with the exception of the Queen Ka'ahumanu HighwaylPalani Road intersection and the Kuakini Highway/Kaiwi Street intersection. Phase 2 of the project would include the development of a retail complex along the south side of Makala Boulevard. Phase 2 traffic is expected to worsen conditions for Phase 1 development vehicles exiting the north leg of Luhia Street intersection with Makala Boulevard and further increase the need for traffic signal control of that intersection. The large increase in traffic forecast for the Makala Boulevard intersection with Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway during the afternoon peak hour would exceed the capacity of that intersection by 4 percent, with conditions at Level of Service F. The study concludes that the high volume of traffic turning left onto northbound Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway would warrant the provision of a second left-turn lane on the mauka-bound approach of Makala Boulevard. With this additional turn lane, the forecast year 2020 afternoon peak hour volume with approximately 88 percent of capacity with average vehicle delay equivalent to Level of Service D. The increased project traffic would not significantly affect the forecast conditions at the intersections of Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway with Kaiwi Street or Palani Road. The new project service road and driveway intersections along Makala Boulevard and the Old Airport Road are expected to operate at acceptable conditions with stop signals. The Traffic Impact Study was submitted to the State Department of Transportation and the County Department of Public Works for their review and comment. The applicant will make all improvements recommended by the Traffic Impact Study and shall provide Honorable James Y. Arakaki, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 7 additional improvements as required by the State Department of Transportation and the County Department of Public Works, which are included as conditions of approval with this recommendation. The applicant installed a 1.0 million-gallon per day (mgd) potable water well and 1.0 million-gallon storage reservoir in Keahuolu above Mamalahoa Highway, which was dedicated to the County in 1997. Based on this contribution to the regional potable water supply system, the petitioner has stated that water and storage are available for the development. The petitioner has secured from the Department of Water Supply water commitments for the project area totaling 500 units or 300,000 gallons of water per day. The facilities charge was paid in 1995 and future water system improvements were also bonded at that time. It should be noted that the subject application indicates that the project will generate a maximum day demand of 357,350 gallons per day at full development, thereby exceeding its current water commitment allocation by approximately 96 units. As such, conditions of approval have been included with this recommendation to ensure that the petitioner secures water commitments adequate to service the development and meet DWS requirements. Wastewater from the proposed development will be disposed into the County's Kealakehe Wastewater Treatment Facility, in accordance with the requirements of the State Department of Health and the County Department of Public Works. If applicable, the applicant will also comply with the Department of Health's requirements for underground injection systems and secure NPDES permits for discharges into State waters. The applicant will also consult with the Army Corps of Engineers to determine if any permits are required for the project. Additionally, the applicant will abide by all applicable State and County air quality and noise level control standards during the pre-construction and construction phases of the project. Police services are available from the County's Police Station at Kealakehe while fire and emergency services are available from the County's Kailua-Kona Fire Station on Palani Road. The Kealakehe Police Station is located approximately 1 mile north of the project area while the Kailua-Kona Fire Station is located approximately '/2 mile southeast of the project area. In response to the subject request, the Police Department expressed concerns regarding the adequacy of the existing road infrastructure and its ability to serve the project area once it is developed. Under the current zoning of the subject properties, the previously approved 76-lot industrial development can proceed without the requested change of zone. Furthermore, the petitioner has and will continue to work closely with the State Department of Transportation on its proposed widening of Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway. It should be noted that the Fire Department had no comments on or objections to the request. Honorable James Y. Arakaki, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 8 Electricity, telephone and cable services are currently available to the project area. Continued development in the project area may require HELCO to complete a planned Palani Road Substation to complement its existing substation located within the Kona Industrial Subdivision. The Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) indicate that the property is located in Zone "X", areas determined to be outside of the 500-year flood plain. There are no significant drainageways anticipated. While there are no indications of surface water flow on-site, the applicant will abide by all applicable County guidelines for run-off generated by the development. The predominant soil within the project area is classified by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, as Pahoehoe Lava Flows (rLW). Along the mauka edge of the project area, soils are classified as Punaluu extremely rocky peat (rPYD) soil and A'a lava (rLV). The project area is not classified as having any agricultural importance on the State Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawaii (ALISH) Map and soils within the subject property are classified as "E" (Very Poor) for agricultural productivity by the Land Study Bureau. Therefore, the requested change of zone will not have any significant negative impact on the agricultural resources of the County. In 1989, Philip Bruner completed a Survey of Avifauna and Feral Mammals on QLT's Keahuolu lands, as part of an Environmental Impact Statement to accompany a petition to reclassify approximately 1,135 acres of QLT lands from State Agricultural and Conservation Land Use Districts to the Urban District (extending from Palani Road to the Kealakehe/Keahuolu boundary). As the project site is adjacent to areas covered in the 1989 survey and characterized by similar habitat conditions, it is likely that the conclusions of the earlier study are still applicable to the subject project area. During the survey, no resident endemic species of land or water birds, migratory or indigenous birds or seabirds, or endangered species of feral mammals were observed. Feral mammals observed on the project site include mongoose, rats and mice. The majority of bird and mammal life impacted was found to be exotic species. In a botanical survey of the project area performed by Char and Associates in February, 1999, three general vegetation types were recognized in the area. Kiawe forest occurs on the northern portion of the project area around Luhia Street, fountain grass scrub is found on the majority of the project area makai of Luhia Street, and a weedy assemblage of plant species is associated with the roadsides and other disturbed areas. A total of 66 plant species were identified on the site. Of these, 57 are introduced, 1 is originally of early Polynesian introduction, and 8 are native. The native species are the ilima, koali awa, iliee, alahee, aalii, and uhaloa. Two species are endemic, that is, they Honorable James Y. Arakaki, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 9 are native only to the Hawaiian Islands. They are the maiapilo or native caper and Fimbrist~li$ h~yy_aiien~is, a small sedge. No threatened or endangered species are present on the parcel. The maiapilo and Fimbristvlis are considered species of concern, meaning plants for which there is not enough data to support listing proposals at present; species of concern are not protected by endangered species laws. Neither species is considered high priority candidates for listing by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The botanical survey concludes that the proposed change should not have a significant negative impact on the botanical resources and recommends that native species be considered for landscaping. An Archaeological Inventory Survey of the Queen Liliuokalani Trust 100-Acre KIS Expansion Site was completed by Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc., in 1993. This survey identified 18 sites within the 100-acre project area. Of these sites, no further work was deemed necessary at 12 of the sites and further data collection was recommended for 4 sites. One site, a section of the Mamalahoa Trail (PHRI Site No. 00002), was assessed as significant and recommended for further data collection followed by preservation with interpretative development. However, this was later reclassified to data recovery only. In a letter dated December 21, 1993, DLNR-SHPD agreed to downgrade the mitigation for the trail section as it was an isolated remnant and Na Ala Hele had stated that it did not wish to preserve it for public access. The remaining site, a burial (PHRI Site No. 18511), was assessed as significant and recommended for provisional data collection and preservation "as is." Subsequently, the burial site was referred to the Hawaii Island Burial Council for determination. Following the submission of a burial treatment plan/ archaeological mitigation plan, the Council notified the petitioner that the burial site was to be preserved in place with a 30-foot buffer zone. In its December 21, 1993, letter, DLNR-SHPD indicated its acceptance of the Council's recommendation fora 30-foot buffer zone. Mitigation measures will be taken prior to the initiation of construction activities that might disturb the site recommended for preservation. Impacts associated with this industrial-commercial mixed used development such as historical, visual, traffic, drainage and design concerns have been assessed and will be mitigated through conditions of approval. Therefore, the request would not unreasonably burden the public agencies to provide roads and streets, water, drainage, police and fire protection. The proposed industrial and commercial mixed use development and related improvements will fit into the locale with minimal intrusion while providing the desired industrial and commercial development, as well as incorporating appropriate infrastructure and design concerns of the development. The development of the property as anindustrial-commercial mixed use project will allow greater flexibility for commercial type uses that are necessary to continue providing business and commercial services to the Kailua-Kona community. The proposed development is located within Honorable James Y. Arakaki, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 10 close proximity to all necessary urban services and facilities, and will serve to add to and complement the existing commercial and industrial inventory in the Keahuolu area. The petitioner will complete its proposed project in compliance with all applicable requirements of the affected agencies. Therefore, the proposed rezoning and development will complement the land usage within the region and the community in which it is proposed to be located. Based on the above findings, this request to reclassify the subject property from a Limited Industrial (ML-la) to an Industrial-Commercial Mixed (MCX-20) zoned district would result in an appropriate land use pattern and further benefit the general public. For your favorable consideration, an amendment to Section 25-8-3 (North Kona Zone Map), Article 8, Chapter 25 (Zoning Code) is transmitted. With regards to a proposed condition relating to housing requirement, the Planning Director deleted the proposed condition as this change of zone request is from an industrial to mixed industrial-commercial district, which has the effect of allowing new commercial uses, but not industrial. Further, it would be a policy decision by the County Council whether to consider this a rezoning that should trigger a housing requirement. We are enclosing a copy of the staff background for your information. We are also enclosing a copy of a letter dated April 16, 2001, from the State Department of Transportation, providing its comments on the application. Please be informed that the Planning Department received said letter on Apri117, 2001, and therefore, it was not evaluated by the Planning Commission. Sincerely, Geraldine M. Giffin, Chairman Planning Commission Lgltrez0l-003#2PC Enclosures cc: Queen Liliuokalani Trust Mr. James R. Bell Department of Public Works Department of Water Supply West Hawaii Office Department of Land & Natural Resources Brian Minaai, Director/DOT-Highways, Honolulu BENJAMIN J. CAYETANO c F BRIAN K. MINAAI GOVERNOR t~.••--- N~ ~eaa DIRECTOR m . '~~~s'l` DEPUTY DIRECTORS GLENN M. OKIMOTO e ~ : JADINE Y. URASAKI ! 7 o-~ ! ys ~ ~ ~.a ~ ~ v ~ ~ STATI: OF' HAI1VAIl DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION _ IN REPLY REFER TO: 869 PUNCHBOWL STREET ~ ' ~ HONOLULU, HAWAII 96813-5097 H~-PS 2.3334 aPa z 6 200 Mr. Christopher J. Yuen Director Planning Department County of Hawaii 25 Aupuni Street, Room 109 Hilo, Hawaii 96720-4252 Dear Mr. Yuen: Subject: Change of Zone, REZ 01-003, ML-la to MCX-20, Makalapua Business Center, Queen Liliuokalani Trust, North Kona, TMK: 7-4-008: Por. 2, 68-70 Thank you for requesting our review of the proposed change of zoning for the proposed Makalapua Business Center development of Queen Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu Lands. We have the following comments: 1. The traffic mitigation measures proposed in the traffic impact study are not adequate to address the impact of this project on Queen Kaahumanu Highway and surrounding intersections. Additional mitigation measures must be proposed to address the project impacts. 2. The traffic impact study should have included an analysis of the intersection of Queen Kaahumanu Highway with Henry Street. 3. Incremental or creeping degradation of LOS, especially when the existing or projected LOS is "E" or worse (in urban areas), must be mitigated (or ideally, improved). The preferable LOS for intersections should be no worse than LOS "D" for urban areas. 4. Makala Boulevard (2010) widening must include: a. Provisions for a double left turn onto Northbound Queen Kaahumanu Highway, especially needed if Queen Kaahumanu Highway has not been widened. There should be a six-foot wide buffer (painted or physical median) separating left turning traffic from oncoming traffic. rr~ ~a.s a,:... Mr. Christopher J. Yuen HWY-PS 2.3334 Page 2 ~~K 1 ~ 2001 b. Adequate left turns storage on the makai bound approach to Luhia Street. c. Restrictions to prohibit driveways within 100 feet of Queen Kaahumanu Highway (as widened). d. Install traffic signal conduits at the Luhia intersection. 5. Required roadway improvements shall be provided by the applicant at no cost to ±he State. 6. The LOS condition at the intersection of Kaiwi Street and Queen Kaahumanu Highway (Table 6-3, page 6-5} should be examined more closely. The traffic report should discuss why the left turn LOS (from Queen Kaahumanu) is equal to or better than a right turn LOS (onto Queen Kaahumanu). We feel that traffic improvements should be proposed for this intersection and the assumptions reconsidered (i.e., the 2020 with project evaluation assumed it would be STOP controlled). 7. We require the submittal and approval of construction plans for all work to be done within Queen Kaahumanu Highway right-of--way. If there are any questions regarding these comments, please contact Paul Hamamoto of our Traffic Branch, Highways Division, at (808) 692-7670 or Robert Taira, Hawaii District Office, Highways Division, at 933-8866. Very truly yours, • ~ l ~-~-t RIAN K. MINAAI Director of Transportation BQueen0l rezplh-04/01 /01 COUNTY OF' HA~VA~I PLANNING I)EPAIZTMENT ~AC~i~ROUI~T~ _~P~T (QUEEN LILIUOKALANI TRUST ~IIANGE Q~ ZONE A~~LICATIOl~T fRF7 01-OD31 QUEEN LILIUOKALANI TRUST has submitted an application for a Change of Zone by changing the district classification from Limited Industrial (ML-la) to Industrial-Commercial Mixed (MCX-20) for approximately 100.757 acres of land. The project area is located between the Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway and the Old Airport Road, north of the existing Kona Industrial Subdivision and east of the County's Kailua Park and the Old Kona Airport State Recreation Area, Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii, TMK: 7-4-8: Portion of 2, 68, 69 & 70. R~~~VANT BACKGRQUliTD INFQRIl~II~lTION 1. October 30,1980: The State Land Use Commission approved a boundary amendment from the Agricultural to the Urban District for the subject property. The County of Hawaii Planning Department provided testimony in support of the boundary amendment request submitted by the landowner, Queen Liliuokalani Trust (QLT). 2. December 21,1983: The Planning Commission approved Special Management Area (SMA) Use Permit No. 201 to allow the development of a 76-lot industrial subdivision comprised of 1 to 2-acre parcels and related improvements. The effective date of the SMA Use Permit was identified as the date of approval of the pending Change of Zone application. 3. February 10,1984: Effective date of Ordinance No. 84-9, which changed the district classification from Unplanned to Open (O) for 2.88 acres of land and Limited Industrial (ML-la) for 101.075 acres identified as TMK: 7-4-8: Portion of 2. The 2.88-acre area rezoned to Open would be set aside for the Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway future road right-of--way. Condition D of the ordinance stated that "Subdivision plans for the first increment shall be submitted within one year from the effective date of the zone change." Petitioner Kuakini Corporation, which had entered into a development agreement with QLT, represented that the industrial subdivision would be developed in three phases with the last phase to be completed in 1986. 4. January 30,1985: In response to a request from QLT's representative, the Planning Director granted aone-year time extension to February 10, 1986, to comply with Condition D of Ordinance No. 84-9. 5. August 19,1986: Effective date of Ordinance No. 86-94, which amended Condition D of Ordinance No. 84-9 to allow for another- one-year time extension for submission of subdivision plans for the proposed development. QLT requested the time extension because Kuakini Corporation had financial problems. and subsequently filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. 6. July 2,1987: In response to a request from QLT's representative, the Planning Director granted an additional one-year tune extension to August 19, 1988, to comply with Condition D of Ordinance No. 84-9, as amended by Ordinance No. 86-94. 7. January 18,1988: Effective date of Ordinance No. 88-5, which further amended Ordinance Nos. 84-9 and 86-94, to allow for another one-year time extension to fulfill Condition D and added a new Condition Q which incorporated conditions upon which time extensions maybe granted. 8. March 7, 1989: In response to a request from QLT's representative, the Planning Director granted an additional one-year time extension to January 18, 1990, to comply with Condition D of Ordinance No. 84-9, as amended by Ordinance Nos. 86-94 and 88-5. 9. August 28,1991: The State Land Use Commission reclassified 919.366 acres from the State Land Use District Agricultural to the Urban District and 188.358 acres from Conservation to Urban. TMK: 7-4-8: Portion of 12 consists of 357.033 and 188.358 acres (Phase I and II). TNIK: 7-4-8: Portion of 2 consists of 212.333 acres (Phase III), subject to incremental districting. The Land Use Commission approved the incremental development with the provision that reclassification from Conservation and Agricultural Districts to Urban District would be granted upon prima facie showing that substantial completion of Phase I and II have been completed. Phases I and II are located on the mauka side of Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway whereas Phase III is located on the makai side of the highway, adjacent to and north of the property under consideration. -2- 10. July 22,1992: Effective date of Ordinance No. 92-85, which amended Ordinance No. 88-5 to allow an additional one-year time extension in which to comply with Condition D. Ordinance No. 92-85 also incorporated new Conditions Q and R regarding impact fees and annual reports. (See: Exhibit. A) 11. August 26, 1997: Special Management Area Minor Use Permit No. 63 was approved with conditions by the- Planning Director for the construction of a lighted golf driving range, golf putting course, baseball batting cages, snack bar, administrative off ce and cashier area, a 26-stall parking lot and other related improvements on approximately 13 acres of land within a larger 960-acre parcel of land. 12. Oct®ber 24, 1997: The Planning Commission approved Use Permit No. 170 to allow the establishment of a golf putting course, golf driving range, baseball batting cages, administration/cashier/snack shop building, parking lot and maintenance building on approximately 13 acres of land. James Larry Walker and Brenda Lam are the licensees who operate the complex known as the Swing Zone, a 4- toy -acre portion of which is located within the project area at the corner of Makala Boulevard and the Old Airport Road. 13. June 1,1998: The Planning Director approved a Nonsignificant Zone Change for .700 acre from an Open (O) to a Limited Industrial-1 acre (ML-la) zoned district for a remnant of the 2.88-acre area that was set aside for the State's future Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway widening project. The .7-acre remnant was created when the State Department of Transportation finalized its proposed alignment of the highway widening. 14. July 10,1998: The Planning Director issued Final Subdivision Approval No. 7005, 7005-a to E to the State Department of Transportation for the Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway Widening Project No. 19AB-02-97 for Kailua to Keahole, which included the Open zoned area of the subject properties. 15. October 12, 2000: Final Subdivision Approval No. 7326 issued by the Planning Director for Makalapua Business Center Subdivision, Increment 1. This subdivision created three new lots identified as TMK: 7-4-8:68, 69 & 70, with the remainder in TMK: 7-4-8:Portion of 2. In order to secure the approval from the County, QLT entered -3- into an agreement to complete the construction of utilities and improvements (such as roads, drainage structures, sewer lines, and water systems) in the subdivision on or before June 30, 2001, and to provide a surety bond,. certified check or other security in the amount of $720,434 to secure its obligations to provide said utilities. and;improvements. The agreement is dated October 9, 200:1, and the County issued a receipt for the required security payment on October 13, 2001. GENERA. ~1~TFORMATI01®1 16. Land Owiierslaip: Queen Liliuokalani Trust is the owner of the subject property. First Hawaiian Bank is the managing trustee of the subject property and has consented to the application. PROPOSI~~3 DEVELOPMENT 17. Request: The petitioner is requesting a change of zone from a Limited Industrial (ML-la) district to anIndustrial-Commercial Mixed (MCX-20) district fora 100.757- acre area comprised of TMK: 7-4-8: Portion of 2, 68, 69 & 70. TMK: 7-4-8:2 currently consists of 947.572 acres, of which 87.83 acres are within the project area. TMK: 7-4-8: 68 consists of 6.674 acres, TMK: 7-4-8:69 consists of 4.507 acres, and TMK: 7-4-8:70, which is a road lot, consists of 1.746 acres. The project area was formerly referred to as the "100-acre Kona Industrial Subdivision Expansion Area" and is now referred to by the petitioner as the "Makalapua Business Center." 18. Objectives: The petitioner provided the following information: "Liliuokalani Trust is submitting this request for rezoning to allow greater flexibility to attract development to Makalapua Business Center. "Successful rezoning of the project area will allow the Trust to further plan and develop its lands on the basis of future available market opportunities. "The project area totals 100.7-acres. The project area includes several private road lots, including the existing Makala Boulevard, Luhia Street, and a future service road. The road lots total 10.8-acres and the net land area available for development is 89.9 acres. "The Trust presently has no development plans for the project area, other than a 6.674 acre site being developed by Hawaii Planning Mill (HPM) for a home improvement -4- center. HPM is relocating from a smaller existing site within the KIS. The Trust estimates that future development may comprise of approximately 40 acres for commercial uses, 29 acres for industrial uses and 21 acres for outdoor commercial recreation uses. "Commercial uses are anticipated along Makala Boulevard and along Queen Kaahumanu Highway. Industrial uses, including the proposed HPM development, are anticipated in areas adjoining the existing KIS, and outdoor recreation uses are anticipated along Kuakini Highway, coinciding with the adjoining Old Airport State Park. '°For the purpose of assessing project impacts and infrastructure requirements, Liliuokalani Trust projected development densities on the basis of 8,000 s.f. per acre for commercial uses and 5,600 s.f. per acre for industrial uses. The scale of these projections coincide with existing commercial uses at Makalapua Center, and existing industrial uses within the KIS and on the planned HPM site. "On this basis, total gross floor area yields in the project area are estimated at 310,400 s.f. of commercial floor area and 113,100 s.f. of industrial floor area, with another 20.9-acres anticipated for outdoor recreation use. "For the purpose of assessing project impacts and infrastructure requirements, development was projected to occur in three phases; with Phase I representing anticipated development by 2010, Phase 2 representing development by 2020, and Phase 3 representing development beyond 2020. "Phase 1 development is anticipated to include both expansion of the existing KIS developments onto land within the project area, and new development mauka of Luhia Street. "Phase 2 is anticipated to extend development incrementally along Makala Boulevard and to the makai side of Luhia Street. "Phase 3 development is anticipated to occur throughout the remaining area between Phase 2 and Kuakini Highway." 19. Supportive information: The applicant has submitted the following in support of the request: (See Exhibit B -Change of Zone Application) -5- STATE & COUNTY PLANS 20. SLU: Urban. 21. General Plan Consistency: Economic, Recreation and Land Use elements goals, policies. and courses of action for North Kona. 22. GP LUPAG MAP: The General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) map currently designates the subject properly for Industrial uses. Industrial areas include uses such as manufacturing and processing, wholesaling, large storage and transportation facilities, and light industrial uses. It should be noted that the General Plan states that the Zoning Code can be amended to create mixed use zones and that such mixed use zones are appropriate in areas of economic transition, such as light industrial areas which are in demand as sites for commercial uses. Given the language contained in the General Plan, the gradual transformation of the adjacent Kona Industrial Subdivision to an area of mixed industrial and commercial uses, and the proximity of the project area to KIS, the proposed project is consistent with the current LUPAG designation. Furthermore, according to the County's General Plan Preliminary Draft dated September 1, 2000, the subject area is proposed to be designated for IndustriaUCommercial uses. Also, the Draft states that "Industrial-commercial mixed use districts shall be provided in appropriate locations" in the North Kona district. It should be noted, however, that the General Plan Preliminary Draft has not yet been approved and that the proposed LUPAG revision for the project area is subject to change. 23. ~-Iavvaii State Plan Consistency: Economy, Physical environment, Land and Air Quality, Facility systems for Solid and Liquid Wastes, Water, Socio-cultural advancement (Leisure) objectives and policies. 24. Kona Regional Plan: The Kona Regional Plan adopted by the Planning Commission in April 1984, designates the area for Urban Expansion. 25. Keahole to Kailua (K to K) Developanent Plan: The K to K Plan, which was adopted by the County Council by Resolution on Apri13, 1991, designates the area of the subject property for CommerciaUlndustrial uses. The Plan was adopted as a guide to be utilized in the development of infrastructure and land uses in the region. -6- 26. Kailua Village Special District: The project area is located outside the boundaries of the Kailua Village Special District. 27. County Zoning: Limited Industrial -1 acre (ML-la). Under this zoning, the minimum lot size is :one acre. Under the requested:industrial-Commercial Mixed (1VICX-20) zoning, the minimum lot size would be 20,000 square feet. 28. Settlement Pattern: There are approximately 2,900 acres of industrial zoned lands in the North Kona district. The Land Use Pattern Acreage allocation for industrial use is approximately 3,900 acres. Most of Kona's industrial development is service oriented and located on the northern portion of the North Kona district from Kailua to the Kona International Airport at Keahole. The Kona Industrial Subdivision adjacent to the project area is zoned General Industrial-1 acre (MG-la) but has transformed into amixed-use industrial-commercial area over the years. Newer industrial areas, including the Kaloko Light Industrial Subdivision, which is zoned Limited Industrial-1 acre (ML-la), are being developed to the north of Kailua-Kona within a 5-mile radius of the project area. Other industrial and commercial projects in various stages of planning are the proposed 102- acre Kaloko Light Industrial Subdivision, phases III and IV; the proposed 100-acre Kaloko-Honokohau Business Park, McClean-Honokohau Properties' proposed residential and commercial development on a 45-acre parcel mauka of Honokohau Harbor; and the development of a 200-acre Department of Hawaiian Home Lands parcel between Honokohau Harbor and the Kealakehe wastewater treatment plant. The land use patterns for the Keahole to Kailua area have been determined by the Keahole to Kailua Development Plan. 29. Special Management Area (SMA): The subject property is situated wholly within the Special Management Area boundary. Special Management Area Use Permit No. 201 was approved for the petitioner's earlier proposed project, which was a 76-lot industrial subdivision consisting of 1- to 2-acre lots. According to the petitioner, "The anticipated scale of structures under the proposed mixed-commercial-industrial use will not change significantly from those represented as part of the earlier SMA Use Permit. Development is expected to consist of one- and two-story commercial and light industrial structures, -7- conforming to the County's development standards and also consistent with the scale of future development represented by the Trust within the approved SMA Use Permit No. 201." DESCRIPTION ®F' SUBIECT I'I2OPI;RT~' AND=SLTI~ROUNDING ~ 30. Subject P~-®perties: The project area is located approximately 6 miles south of the Kona International Airport, %2 mile north of Kailua Village, and'/4 mile west (makai) of Makalapua Center. The subject properties consist of 100.757 acres and comprise a roughly rectangular-shaped area bounded by Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway to the east, the Kona Industrial Subdivision to the south,. the Old Airport Road, the County's Kailua Park and the Old Kona Airport State Recreation Area to the west, and the QLT Children's Center to the north. TMK: 7-4-8:2 currently consists of 947.572 acres, of which 87.83 acres are within the project area. The remaining properties within the project area are identified as TMK: 7-4-8:68, which consists of 6.674 acres, TMK: 7-4-8:69, which consists of 4.507 acres, and TMK: 7-4-8:70, which is a road lot that consists of 1.746 acres. The subject properties are currently undeveloped with the exception of roads and public utilities that have been previously constructed by the petitioner. These include Makala Boulevard, Luhia Street and a sewer line leading from Luhia Street to a pump station along Kuakini Highway. The petitioner recently graded a 16-acre area between Luhia Street and Queen Kaahumanu Highway in conjunction with a planned HPM development on a 6-acre portion of the graded area. In the northwest (makai) corner of the project area, a 4 to 5-acre portion of the site has been developed as part of the Swing Zone, a larger commercial recreational complex. 31. U.S.D.A. Soil Type: The predominant soil within the project area is classified by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, as Pahoehoe Lava Flows (rLV~. Along the mauka edge of the project area, soils are classified as Punaluu extremely rocky peat (rPYD) soil and A'a lava (rLV). Pahoehoe lava has a billowy, glassy surface that is relatively smooth. In some areas the surface is rough and broken and with hummocks and pressure domes. Pahoehoe lava generally has no soil cover and is typically bare of vegetation except for mosses and lichens. Soil is, however, found in -8- cracks and depressions that have been transported there by wind and storm runoff. In areas of higher rainfall, this lava contributes to the groundwater supply through percolation. Punaluu extremely rocky peat is a soil in which rocky outcrops occupy 40 to 50 percent of the surface. It is described as swell-drained, thin organic soil over Pahoehoe lava bedrock. The Pahoehoe bedrock is very slowly permeable, though water moves rapidly through the cracks. Surface runoff is slow, erosion hazard is slight. A'a .lava has practically no soil covering and is typically bare of vegetation. The lava is very rough and broken, and is typically a mass of clinkery, hard, glassy, sharp pieces in tumbled heaps. It is very permeable and is used for watershed. 32. ALISII: The project area is not classified as having any agricultural importance on the State Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawaii (ALISH) Map. 33. Land Study Bureau's Detailed Land Classification System: Soils within the subject property are classified as "E" (Very Poor) for agricultural productivity by the Land Study Bureau. 34. Fauna: In 1989, Philip Bruner completed a Survey of Avifauna and Feral Mammals on QLT's Keahuolu lands, as part of an Environmental Impact Statement to accompany a petition to reclassify approximately 1,135 acres of QLT lands from State Agricultural and Conservation Land Use Districts to the Urban District (extending from Palani Road to the Kealakehe/Keahuoluboundsry). As the project site is adjacent to areas covered in the 1989 survey and characterized by similar habitat conditions, it is likely that the conclusions of the earlier study are still applicable to the subject project area. During the survey, no resident endemic species of land or water birds, migratory or indigenous birds or seabirds, or endangered species of feral mammals were observed. Feral mammals observed on the project site include mongoose, rats and mice. The majority of bird and mammal life impacted was found to be exotic species. 35. Flora: In a botanical survey of the project area performed by Char and Associates in February, 1999, three general vegetation types were recognized in the area. Kiawe forest occurs on the northern portion of the project area around Luhia Street, fountain grass -9- scrub is found on the majority of the project area makai of Luhia Street, and a weedy assemblage of plant species is associated with the roadsides and other disturbed areas. A total of 66 plant species were identified on the site. Of these, 57 are introduced, 1 is originally of early Polynesian introduction, and 8 .are native. The native. species are the ilima, koali awa, iliee, alahee, aalii, and uhaloa. Two species are endemic, that is, they are native only to the Hawaiian Islands. They are the maiapilo or native caper and Fimbristvlis hawaiiensis, a small sedge. No threatened or endangered species are present on the parcel. The maiapilo and imbris , lis are considered species of concern, meaning plants for which there is not enough data to support listing proposals at present; species of concern are not protected by endangered species laws. Neither species is considered high priority candidates for listing by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The botanical survey concludes that the proposed change should not have a significant negative impact on the botanical resources and recommends that native species be considered for landscaping. 36. Archaeological Resources: An Archaeological Inventory Survey of the Queen Liliuokalani Trust 100-Acre KIS Expansion Site was completed by Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc., in 1993. This survey identified 18 sites within the 100-acre project area. Of these sites, no further work was deemed necessary at 12 of the sites and further data collection was recommended for 4 sites. One site, a section of the Mamalahoa Trail (PHRI Site No. 00002), was assessed as significant and recommended for further data collection followed by preservation with interpretative development. However, this was later reclassified to data recovery only. In a letter dated December 21, 1993, DLNR- SHPD agreed to downgrade the mitigation for the trail section as it was an isolated remnant and Na Ala Hele had stated that it did not wish to preserve it for public access. (See Appendix B contained in the Change of Zone Application). The remaining site, a burial (PHRI Site No. 18511), was assessed as significant and recommended for provisional data collection and preservation "as is." Subsequently, the burial site was referred to the Hawaii Island Burial Council for determination. Following the submission of a burial treatment plan/archaeological mitigation plan, the Council notified the petitioner that the burial site was to be preserved in place with a 30-foot buffer zone. In -10- its December 21, 1993, letter, DLNR-SHPD indicated its acceptance of the Council's recommendation fora 30-foot buffer zone. Mitigation measures will be taken prior to the initiation of construction activities that might disturb the site recommended for preservation. 37. FIRM: The- subject property is located in Zone X, area determined to be outside the 500-year flood plain. There are no existing drainageways or structures in the project area. In accordance with the Keahole to Kailua Development Plan, storm drainage in the region is to be addressed on-site within each project site. The on-site drainage design for the project area will incorporate catch basins and drywells to collect and retain storm water from each development site, while minimizing surface runoff. 38. Saarrounding Zoning/Land Uses: The surrounding area consists of Queen Lili'uokalani Trust's Children Center and vacant lands to the north, QLT's Makalapua Center to the east (mauka of Queen Kaahumanu Highway), the Kona Industrial Subdivision to the south, and the County's Kailua Park and the Old Kona Airport State Recreation Area to the west. Respectively, these lands are zoned Agricultural (A-Sa), General Commercial CG-10), General Industrial (MG-la), and Limited Industrial (ML-20). PUBLIC FA~I~,ITI~S AND SERVICES 39. Access: Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway and Kuakini Highway are the two primary regional roads that provide access to the project area. The Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway is presently a two-way, two-lane undivided State-owned road. The State is planning to widen QKH from Henry Street to Keahole Airport to a four-lane road, and is in the process of acquiring land for the widening at this time. Kuakini Highway is presently a two-way, two-lane undivided County road. The County is planning to widen Kuakini Highway between Palani Road and Hualalai Road. It should be noted that Kuakini Highway terminates at the southwestern corner of the project area. The Old Airport Road, which extends from Kuakini Highway along the makai frontage of the project area, is an easement obtained by the County from the State for access and utility purposes. Together with Makala Boulevard, Old Airport Road/Kuakini Highway serves as an alternative route into and through Kailua-Kona. Makala Boulevard is presently a two- -11- way, two-lane private road, which serves as the main arterial road through the project area. It has a pavement width of 24 feet within an 80-foot right-of--way. Makala Boulevard- connects Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway to the Old Airport Road, and is planned to be upgraded to a four-lane, two-way road. The petitioner plans to incrementally raise Makala Boulevard to dedicabie standards concomitant with adjoining development. Makala Boulevard's intersection with Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway is presently controlled by a traffic signal, while its intersection with the Old Airport Road is controlled by a four-way stop sign. Luhia Street is a local arterial road, which connects the project area to the existing Kona Industrial Subdivision. 40. ~`raffic Impacts: Wilbur Smith Associates completed a Traffic Impact Study of the project area in December 2000 to assess traffic impacts of the development through the year 2020, with an interim assessment provided for the year 2010. The year 2010 coincides with the Phase I development projections while 2020 coincides with Phase II projections development. Currently, congested conditions occur at the intersections of Queen Kaahumanu Highway with Palani Road and Kaiwi Street. Even without the project, traffic volumes are expected to increase substantially by 2010. The study assumed that the State's widening of Queen Kaahumanu Highway, the County's widening of Kuakini Highway and the petitioner's plans to extend Eho Street to Queen Kaahumanu Highway will be completed by 2010, and concluded that these improvements would improve traffic conditions to acceptable levels at the present problem intersections. Phase 1 of the project would include the development of approximately 35 acres between Luhia Street and Queen Kaahumanu Highway and in the area that abuts the existing Kona Industrial Subdivision, along the southern boundary of the project area. With the project, the study further assumed that the widening of Makala Boulevard to full right-of--way width between Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Luhia Street and the installation of a new service road between Luhia Street and the Old Airport Road would be completed by 2010. Traffic conditions with the project would result in large increases on Makala Boulevard by the year 2010, resulting in very long delays for traffic exiting the project area on the northeast comer of the intersection of Makala Boulevard and Luhia Street, -12- which is currently stop sign controlled. The study indicates that these traffic conditions and the overall conditions at the intersection would satisfy warrants to allow the installation oftraffic-signals and recommends°that detector loops and conduit for future installation.of signal:controls be installed at;the_time of the Makala Boulevard widening project. The-study further recommends _that once the northeast corner is developed, that periodic traffic surveys be conducted to determine if and when the actual traffic conditions warrant the installation of a traffic signal. By the year 2020, traffic conditions without the project will continue to operate at acceptable levels with the. exception of the Queen Kaahumanu Highway/Palani Road intersection and the Kuakini Highway/Kaiwi Street intersection. Phase 2 of the project would include the development of a retail complex along the south side of Makala Boulevard. Phase 2 traffic is expected to worsen conditions for Phase 1 development vehicles exiting the north leg of Luhia Street intersection with Makala Boulevard and further increase the need for traffic signal control of that intersection. The large increase in traffic forecast for the Makala Boulevard intersection with Queen Kaahumanu Highway during the afternoon peak hour would exceed the capacity of that intersection by 4 percent, with conditions at Level of Service F. The study concludes that the high volume of traffic turning left onto northbound Queen Kaahumanu Highway would warrant the provision of a second left turn lane on the mauka-bound approach of Makala Boulevard. With this additional turn lane, the forecast year 2020 afternoon peak hour volume with approximately 88 percent of capacity with average vehicle delay equivalent to Level of Service D. The increased project traffic would not significantly affect the forecast conditions at the intersections of Queen Kaahumanu Highway with Kaiwi Street or Palani Road. The new project service road and driveway intersections along Makala Boulevard and the Old Airport Road are expected to operate at acceptable conditions with stop signals. 41. P®lice/F°ire/Emergency Services: Police services are available from the County's Police Station at Kealakehe while fire and emergency services are available from the County's Kailua-Kona Fire Station on Palani Road. The Kealakehe Police Station is located approximately 1 mile north of the project area while the Kailua-Kona Fire Station is -13- located approximately'/2 mile southeast of the project area. 42. Water: The petitioner installed a 1.0 million gallon per day potable water well and a 1.0 million gallon storage reservoir in Keahuolu above the Mamalahoa I3ighway. This well was dedicated to the County in 1997. Based on this contribution to the regional potable water supply system, the petitioner has stated that water and storage capacity is available for the requested change of zone. The petitioner has secured from the Department of Water Supply water commitments for the project area totaling 500 units or 300,000 gallons of water per day. The facilities charge was paid in 1995 and future water system improvements were also bonded at that time. It should be noted that the subject application indicates that the project will generate a maximum day demand of 357,350 gallons per day at full development, thereby exceeding its current water commitment allocation by approximately 96 units. 43. Wasteva~ater: Wastewater from the project will be conveyed via the County's Kealakehe Pump Station to the County's Kealakehe Wastewater Treatment Plant. 44. Essential Utilities: Electricity, telephone and cable services are currently available to the project area. Continued development in the project area may requure HELCO to complete a planned Palani Road Substation to complement its existing substation located within the Kona Industrial Subdivision. AGE.~TCI~S' COMM,~NTS 45. Fire Department (February 26, 2001 Memorandum): "We have no comments regarding the above-referenced Change of Zone Application." 46. Department of Finance, heal Property Tax Office (February 8, 2001 Mem®randum): "Comments from the Appraisal Section: "There are no comments at this time. "Comments from the collection section: "Status of real property taxes: Current. "Remarks: Real Property taxes are paid for 7-4-008-002 thru December 31, 2000. Parcels 068, 069 & 070 are new for 2001-02." -14- 47. Department of Public Works, Engineering Division: (See Exhibit C -April 1, 2001 Memorandum) 48. Police Department: (Sec Exhibit D -1VIarch 2, 2001 Letter and Petitioner's response lettea- dated'l~!Iarch 22, 2001) 49. Department of I~ealth: (See Exhibit E - February '7, 2001 1Vlemorandum and Petitioner's. response letter dated February 21, 2001) AGEl~1~IE~- NO ItESP~l®TSE 50. Department of Water Supply and Department of Transportation. PUDLIC C€~1VIlV(~~TS 51. The Department has. received a copy of a letter addressed to the petitioner's representative from Thomas L. Stephenson of Luhia. Partners objecting to the subject. (See Exhibit F - Letter dated January 24, 2001 and Petitioner's response letter dated February 2001) -15- i COUN~"~ OF k3AVVA.II . ~`A~E O~ ~iA~VAII FILL NO. 6 2 6 OIi,DINANCE NO. AN ORDINANCE AMENDING SECTION 25-87 (NORTH KONA ZONE MAP), ARTICLE 3, CHAPTER 25 (ZONING CODE) OF THE HAWAII COUNTY CODE, RELATING TO MODIFICATIONS OF CONDITIONS OF ORDINANCE 88-5, WHICH RECLASSIFIED CERTAIN LANDS FROM UNPLANNED (U) TO OPEN (O) AND LIMITED INDUSTRIAL (ML-la) AT KEAHUOLU, NORTH KONG, HAWAII, COVERED BY TAX MAP KEY 7-4-08:PORTION OF 2. BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAWAII: SECTION 1. Ordinance No. 88-5 is amended as follows: "SECTION 2. This change in district classification is conditioned upon the following: (A) the petitioner, successors or assigns shall be responsible for complying with all of the stated conditions of approval; (B) the property shall be zoned in two increments. The first increment shall consist of a maximum of sixty contiguous acres, and the second, the remaining area. The effective date of zoning for the second increment shall be after development has occurred in the first increment, as determined by the Planning Director. 'Development' means that building permits have been issued for industrial structures and construction has been partially completed to the extent that roofs have been constructed on a minimum of twenty-five percent of the lots proposed for the first increment; (C) the Open zoned areas shall not be included as part of the industrial lots; (D) subdivision plans for the first increment shall be submitted within one year from the effective date of this amendment; (E) an overall landscaping IfT ; _ master plan, which includes landscaping along the property's frontages along Queen Kaahumanu Highway and the Old Airport Road, a plant species list, identification of view corridors from within and outside of the subdivision, and a program for the maintenance of the landscaping master plan, shall be submitted to the Planning Director for review and approval prior to issuance of final subdivision approval of the first increment; (F) channelized intersection improvements shall be provided at the Queen Kaahumanu Highway meeting with the approval of the State Department of Transportation, Highways Division. Only one access shall be permitted from Queen Kaahumanu Highway. The intersection improvements shall be constructed prior to or as part of the final subdivision approval of the first increment; (G) access(es) from the Old Airport Road shall meet with the approval of the Department of Public Works; (H) no direct accesses to the lots shall be allowed from the Queen Kaahumanu Highway and the Old Airport Road; (I) all interior roadways shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements of the Department of Public Works; {J) a drainage system in accordance with the requirements of the Department of Public Works shall be installed; (K) prior to receipt of final subdivision approval, a Development Design Manual shall be prepared and submitted to the Planning Department for approval. The purpose of the manual is to provide comprehensive design principles and -2- . guidelines for the development of the industrial lots in order to achieve a high standard of quality for the development. The manual shall include, but not be limited to, standards and guidelines relative to landscaping; open space; architectural building controls relating but not limited to appearance, siting, heights, building materials, and signs; setbacks from property lines and buildings; and ground cover ratio; (L) the method of sewage disposal shall meet with the approval of the appropriate governmental agencies; (M) an intensive archaeological survey for the property shall be conducted and [that] the survey report shall be submitted to the Planning Department and the State Department of Land and Natural Resources prior to receipt of final subdivision approval of the first increment; (N) should any salvage archaeological work be necessary as a result of condition (M), work shall be completed prior to any grading or grubbing activities; (O) should any unanticipated sites be uncovered during grading of the property, work within the affected area shall cease. The Planning Department shall be notified and work shall not resume within the affected area until clearance has been obtained from the Planning Director; [and] (P) all other applicable rules, regulations, and requirements, including those of the Department of Water Supply, shall be complied with [,and]l f0) should the council adopt a Unified Impact Fees ordinance settiny forth criteria for the imposition of exactions or the -3- assessment of impact fees conditions included herein ma at the developer's election be satisfied by performance in accordance with the requirements of the Unified Impact Fees Ordinance; (R) an annual progress report shall be submitted to the Planning Director prior to the anniversary date of the effective date of the chance of zone The re.por~ shall address the status of the development and the compliance with the conditions of approval This condition shall remain in effect until all of the conditions of approval have been complied with and the Planning Director acknowledges that further reports are not required; and [(Q)] an initial extension of time for the performance of conditions within the ordinance may be granted by the Planning Director upon the following circumstances: 1) the non-performance is the result of conditions that could not have been foreseen or are beyond the control of the applicants, successors or assigns, and that are not the result of their fault of negligence; 2) granting of the time extension would not be contrary to the general plan or zoning code; 3) granting of the time extension would not be contrary to the original reasons for the granting of the change of zone; 4) the time extension granted shall be for a period not to exceed the period originally granted for performance (i.e., a condition to be performed within one year may be extended for up to one additional year); and 5) if the applicant should require an additional extension of time, the -4- Planning Director may submit the applicant's request to the County Council for appropriate action. Further, should any of the conditions not be met or substantially complied with in a timely fashion, the Director [may] shall initiate rezoning of the area to its original or more appropriate designation." SECTION 2. Material to be deleted is bracketed. New material is underscored. SECTION 3. In the event that any portion of the ordinance is declared invalid, such invalidity shall not affect the other parts of this ordinance. This ordinance shall be effective upon its approval. INTRODUCED BY: r COUNCIL MEMBER, COUN OF HAWAII Hilo, Hawaii Date of Introduction: July 1, 1992 Date of 1st Reading: July 1, 1992 Date of 2nd Reading: July 15, 1992 Effective Date: July 22, 1992 APPROVED AS TO FORM AND LEGALITY: CORP TION COUNSEL . _ ~ DATED : ~'r•1'`-~ ~ g5- OPEN O/ i i / ' / \ U'~~LANNCD V. f ~ ' UNP LHNN .D ,J~ iy~~ ~ G ~ rt i r°ARCEL., r -L Q` (JNPLANNED (U) ~ ~ ' T® OPEN 0\~ p. Z AREA = ~.~80 ACRES oPC-N ~o, ~C h•t~ / ' 7(~ 304.44 N / ~ - tiJ,q~ ( 1. s78o.45 w /J / t'i1G1-?WqY ~.ooa.9B w ~ UNPLhNN ED (ul ~ ~ / / e / i f MG-ra ~ i / / i ~ I.UHI ~ ~ / A ST. I PAR ~ 8 La ~ / ~ ~i ~ r . / / M3-ra v O / ' ~ ~ r ~ ~ UNPI..ANNED (U) A!_APA ST. .'T® l.1MITED /~f j//jam/ c-. ~c '~INDVSTRtAL fML-ia) ;,;-'%'/.!!.i 3 M~-re 2 / _ ' AREA = 1®1.075 ACRES i % Q cv_,o ~ %r' i, j Y J P M3 la / P, i OLO 7CONA AIRF~O RT COUNTT ML-~O RM'IS/ 'O ~ _ PARrt / ` t i ~ISgI C:Jh ML ~O ~ / Raj -V p1L~4 i ~ _ _ ~ r ~ - . - ~ . r as-s - KAILUA t.r6rtTs-lov~a 5 ~ A NOTE GOORCINAT~B R~FERF7E0 TO ~~1CA ILUA NOr2'fN MwC-f~IOfAN" ~ • 1 ~ ~ ~ 1 At~/ICNCi1NG SC-~T1CN °~~-f~~ (N®t~~°i-f KONG ~ON~ MAPS AT?°TICL.E 3, Ct°1AF~'7°~T~ ~5 (BONING COGE~ OP T h-IE }'°i~.:/~Jrgll COUNTI' CODE, L3Y er°~f',NGIrVG TI-lt= D1S'~141GT ~t_ASS1- ~ FICATI®N Pt'?bM UNt°~ANNCD (U) "1°O ®F'~N lo) AND i I_IMr-feD INDUS T l"?tF,l_ (N1~.-!®j A'T' KEAi--}U®LU, NCt~T~ KONG, Nf,,WAlI. I PI@~PARe=tom PY = PLANNING fJ~PAP@TMLIVT- couNT7 01= P1A?v/~11 TMK ~ 7-4-CS ~ pOf~T!^~N OF a PlOV. 18, I°J8~ APPLICATION FOR CHANGE OF BONE T r 6 `_J . T o = ~ v ~Z ~ AppllCdnt: Queen Li I i uokalan i Trust Accepting Agency: County of Hawaii Planning department Submitted by: 13e1t Collins I~-lawaii ®ecember 2000 ~C~1 cvG~ o~ zorr~ ~~~IC~,T1oN COUNTY OF I~WAII PIeANNT.NG DEP'TI1~EiV"T (Type or legibly print the requested information) APPLICANT: Queen Liliuokalani Trust APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE: _ DATE: 1~° ADDRESS: c/o First Hawaiian Ba P.O. Box 3708 Honolulu, HI 96811 LIST APPLICANT'S INTEREST IF NOT OWNER: Owner LIST PRINCIPAL(S) INCLUDING NAIviES OF MAIN O~ICERS: QLT Trustees: First Hawaiian Bank, David Peters & Thomas Kauluku~+t PHONE:(Bus.) (808) 525-7164 (Res) (F~) (808) 525-7044 LANDOWNER(S): Queen Li 1 iuo 1 ani Trust LANDOWNER SIGNATURE(S): DATE: Y ~ ~o® - , F. .8., aySoz~~~S, Honolulu, HI 96811 LANDOWNER(S) ADDRESS: REQUEST: ML-la TO MCX-20 (~un8 TMK 3-7-4-08: por 2 ,68,69~~~°sed Zoning) TAX MAP KEY: Area between Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. and Kuakini Hwy. along STREET ADDRESS OF PROPERTY:_ Ma k ~ to R ~ ~r~••~,~1're SIZE OP PROPERTY OR A~ECTED AREA(S) TO BE REZONED: 100.757 Acres AGENT: James R. Bell ADDRESS: Belt Collins Hawai i 680 Ala Moana Blvd., First Floor Honolulu, HI 96813-5406 TELEPI~IONE:(Bus.) (808) 521-5361 (geS,) (E~) (808) 538-7819 Please indicate to whom original correspondence and copies should be sent. ORIGINAL: Agent COPIES: APP1 icant/Landowner (See Instructions on Reverse Side) _ ATTACHMENT Commercial, RM, Resort, & Industrial PLANNING DEPARTMENT COUNTY OF HAWAII APPLICATION FOR CHANGE OF ZONE 1. If your request is approved, do you intend to subdiviae the subject land in accordance with the approved change of zone? No If yyes, please answer the rest of question 1 and then to question 3. a. How many acres of the requested area do you intend to subdivide? b. Into what lot sizes? c. If your request is approved, approximately how long after the date of approval do you expect to submit - your subdivision plans to the Planning Department for preliminary approval? If you intend to subdivide, please submit a preliminary schematic subdivision plan together with your change of zone application form. 2. If you nave no firm plans of subdividing the subject area, do you intend to: a. Sell or lease the land to someone who has'firm plans? X b. Sell or lease the land to someone wno has tentative plans? c. Sell or lease the land to someone wno has no plans? d. Keep it? e. Other (please state) f. If you intend to do either a, b, or c, please elaborate on the kind of plans the other party nos. Please, also, include in your answer approximately how soon after approval of your rezoning do you expect to transfer the subject land to another party. Liliuokalani Trust plans to enter into land lease agreements with private developers to develop the project area. Aside from the current HPM developmer project (under construction) described within the application and a golf driving range (portion of which is within the project area) , no developers have been identified at this time. The timing of such agreements will be subject to prevailing market conditions and opportunities. 3. What specific building plans do you have for the subject land? Include in your answer the following: type of building (apartment, office, launderette, etc.); financing arrangement; timetable for construction; and any other information which you feel might help us in evaluating your request. None. 4. Have you performed any study which would demonstrate a need for your proposed building and/or development? No If so, please elaborate on your findings in the space provided below. _2_ 5. Have you performed any study which discusses the environmental impacts your request would nave on the Yes surrounding area and/or the County? If so, please elaborate on your findings in the space provided oelow. As part of the preparation for this application, Liliuokalani Trust commissioned Wilbur Smith Associates to prepare a Traffic Impact Study, which may be fount in Appendix A of the Background and County Environmental Report. Also in preparation of this application, Liliuokalani Trust commissioned Char ~ Associates to prepare a Botanical Survey, which may be found in Appendix C of the Background and County Environmental Report. In 1993 and on behalf of Liliuokalani Trust, PHRI completed an Archaeological Inventory Survey of the site. All subsequent Data Recovery work has been completed for the project area. There is one burial site in the project area that will be preserved. Mitigation measures to preserve and buffer the site from development have been reviewed and accepted by both the Hawaii Island Burial Council and DLNR-SHPD. Please see Appendix B to review the above. 6. Are there any buildings on the subject area? Yes if so, what kind? A small clubhouse for a golf driving range (driving range is on adjoining parcel, but clubhouse and parking area is within project area) is situated along the makai/northern boundary of the project area. ~dhat do you intend to do with those buildings if your request is approved? No change. 7. Is the subject land currently being used for any N o agricultural activitity? If so, please list the kinds of products grown and on how many square feet or acres of land per product. -3- 8. To your knowledge, has there been any flooding and/or drainage problem on the subject area? No If so, please describe the problem. 9. Do you think that the roads leading to the subject area needs improvement? No If so, what kind? The applicant assumes that the State DOT will proceed with its planned widening of Queen Kaahumanu Highway by the year 2010. The applicant also assumes that the County will proceed with its improvement plans for Kuakini Highway, south of Palani Road and at the intersection with Palani Road. Is the road adequate for the proposed traffic volume please see Traffic or load? Imp~tStudy in Appendix A. 10. What sort of governmental assistance and/or improvements do you feel will be needed in the subject area when developed? Yes No a. Schools X b. Roads X c. Sewer X d. Drainage X e. Police Protection X f. Fire Protection X g. Recreational Facilities X h. Public Utilities X i. Other -4- For those checked ~~yes,~~ please elaborate what type or kinds of improvements and/or assistance are needed. Further development in the project area, either under the present or proposed zoning, may require HELCO to implement its planned Palani Substation facility. The facility is located on land recently acquired by HELCO from Liliuokalani Trust. 11. Have you performed any historic sites study and/or survey of the suCject area? If so, what were the results? Please, also, submit a copy of the study together with this change of zone supplement. Yes, please see Archaeological Inventory Survey and DLNR SHPD letter dated December 21 , 1993 in Appendix A. With the exception of one burial site that is being preserved, all other sites were identified fvr data recovery or no further work. A recommended burial mitigation plan has been accepted by both the Hawaii Island Burial Council and DLNR SHPD, and all data recovery work has been completed. LiLI KAL,~,~9 ~~E~ST Signature: Address: ~~7. 3°7D8' }}aoo/~tvt~ ~~"/j Telephone: ~~7~-SaS-~~ ~ ~ Date: ~~DD -5- 6338A/50A _ _ _ - 36d502CCi0C8-t r'2.2~ J03 _ _ ri - ~ - AGRICULTURAL r'j ti 7 ~z _ - , .r ~ ~ ~ '^5tr ~ a- Je1_c~c _ - - - - . =tee ~ • tyl KEAL~AIRi3` \ :LIUCK.tLAIK _ :L ~ _ . ' U ~ : ~ - Yy Slr 1~pG ~KAOd01~M0" : ~.a~~ ~ ~ -r - _ ~ - r% _ _ a 9ehn~ KEauKErfErWtis& -URBAN -a., ~ _-:~-a - cot ~ a- _ - -fix ` ~-~y> _ ~ ~ ~ ' _ _ ~ ' ~ - - ~C' _ ~~.,,Y .-ice ~ A- Z',~' "I" ! E - ' J r-~ \JO ,`l ~ / i66~F~t~~^ r~~~i ~o~;;~. AO,_ ~l - )-~1 Yr - J <5:.~~:%-l~C'-~'"'_•,'^~,yqa~ - ~y •~_J/ ,wit. _ ~ ~r v,`,._ ,j _ REStDEP4TIA?:, ~ ° • ;.i-• ..r,._h r - ; _ - _ ° --fit - ir"~~'= _ _ v i"-,.JT 1~ ~e. URBAN ~ ~ ~E~~E ~ f irdSaA •:1 - PHASE II ~ i .l y;% URBAN ...W2T K 4a, / ~ ~ ri' rE,`-~ „ - _ PHASE I ;-fie ~ r sf a ~ ~ ~~,'~.e.fi / :~3` G, ~ , ~~~~t F _ _ P seauai• eRP~ f i' -"'mot= - - -PIKKi~~p1 SL :Y _ _ ~ i ~ i` P~ - 9~ .~t - ~ "~J Keehumerw - _~1 hduefrielp ~ J j . .HighweY -SuOdlviil&r C I ` >"~`~e O. _ Ern ; ~ _ ~ ~~`t, r ' hf~-- d'=~ ~ Queen -'PHASE III' . ~+a'O C ~I / 9~ a ~ .r^ `OhirC°k'reni _ ~ .~7e VG7~GCT /'S t S~ - Center ~ ~ ~ SiT~ 1`~ ~e ~g/~ ~"r ~ ,CONSERVATION~_ Malmlepue " ~ ~ ~ v - I` ~ Business Center r~x.~(r 1 ~ (formerly retorted as ~ ~ ; f \ ~ ~ r KIS 100 acre ~ 5' 2'. ~ , _ Expansion Area) >:r'Ki ;.<i ~ , , _ °eeM1C Ocean - _ - ~ LEGEND . ' . ..1.;^',. • - _ ~ Area proposed for t% ~ MCX rezoning J ~`'~f"'~~ f ~ Liliuokalani Trust f„„~ I~-~ Keahuolu Lands Figure 1 LOCATIOPO PLAN 0 1200 2400 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENTER Prepared for: Liliuokalani Trust NORTH SCALE IN FEET Prepared by: Belt Collins Hawaii December 2000 98a5.0200/DO%-1 x12.79.00 4 ~ ` - , ~ MAKALAPUA CENTER ~ _ - ~ Future _iv . a Avenue ~ Kamakaeha Ave. - o - ~ ` " _ ~ - ~ Extension c - , K . CG-10" , _ i , ~ - . y- Oq~rioOn \ _ _ _ - - - , _ - _ _ - _ ~ - ~ Urban~District) ~ , , Hl - •-._Q _ - - n- umanu uee Kaa Bh _ i _ ~ ~ _ _ . ~ Y s , ` ' a. 3 f treet ' ~ f ~ 3 I --p` a a S j } - , Future Luhia Street ~ ~ ; ~ l ~ Extension sr t 1 ` ~ _ _ s MG 1 ~ 7 - - ~ ~ o~ s ~ KONA INDUSTRIAL ~-51 ; ~ w C w l~~.. _ SUB I N rt 1 ~ 1 - S~ ~ ~ - L t ' i ! ' 1 i N .+cr. ~ ~ w . . _ . s:<> ~ :::::.:::::::r . . E tai?`.^^s^:: j 4 r Y ~ i ~ y 2 ` / . . - - u, s~ t~ y# ~ 'Sewage... Pum s 1Cuakini...i..iighway siacl culture Distncd Old Airport (State Agrr - ®istrict) 15.-~, State Park - (Slat Urban ML-20 1=1gU!'~ ~ ~XISTII~6E.a ZOBdI(d(a M64P MAIG4LAPUA BUSINESS CENTER 0 200 500 Prepared for: Liliuokalani Trust Prepared by: Bett Collins Hawaii NORTH SCALE IN FEET December 2000 -4r1279003 j ~ \ _i A-Sa ~ ~ ~ _ / ~ ~ . MAKALAPUA CENTER _ a - ;r Ka ~ ' Future a makaeha Avenge _ / ` , Kamakaeha Ave W _ Extension c°. _ - CG-10 a. ~ ! - , - . ~ _ ; , - , ~ _~-5. ~ (State Urban`Disfrict) _ ~ _ - . ~ / ~ - - _ - . ~ Queen-Kaahumanu" HighwaK ` _ r - _ ~ F _ ` # ~ a Street > ~_A, Future Luhia Street ~ _ I Y ~ Extension } ~ ; t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ MG-1 a ' ~ ~ ~ KONA INDUSTRIAL d , ~t`~ fD SUBDIVISION % _ ~ n, ~ ~~lt~~~~ ~~E~~~~ _ 22 r~ 1 j T y ~ " f34 < v j r. ':i: ~ ~ t ~ _ ~ ` .f. - wage f _.Ku~kint _i..?~ghway s~a~ on (Sta a A~culture District) Old Airport (S~;e:~Urban De~ri~) ,---7~_-. State Park ML-20 Figure 3 PROPOSED ZOiVING Ms4~ MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENTER 0 200 500 Prepared for: Liliuokalani Trust Prepared by: Belt Collins Hawaii NORTH SCALE IN FEET December 2000 _ _ BACKGROUND AND COUNTY ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT A. SUBJECT REQUEST 1. Details of Proposed Use/Development: a. Project description: Liliuokalani Trust is proposing to rezone a 100.757-acre area, including TMK 7-4-08: por 2, 68, 69 & 70, from the County's Limited Industrial (ML-1 a) zoning district to the Mixed Industrial-Commercial (MCX-20) zoning district. The 100.757-acre project area was formerly referred to as the "100- acre Kona Industrial Subdivision Expansion Area'; and is now referred to by the Trust as the "Makalapua Business Center". Please refer to the Location Diagram in Figure 1, and the Existing and Proposed Zoning Maps in Figures 2 and 3, respectively. The 100-acre area is largely undeveloped, except for two roads (Makala Blvd. and Luhia St.) and a sewer line that were constructed by the Trust in 1995, in response to conditions attached to its rezoning of areas mauka of Queen Kaahumanu Highway. A small portion of the project area is presently used as pan` of a Golf Driving Range complex at the corner of Makala Blvd. and Kuakini Highway. Earlier this year, the Trust initiated mass grading of a 16-acre portion of the project area between Luhia Street and Queen Kaahumanu Highway. The mass grading is related to proposed development of a 6.7 acre site for Hawaii Planing Mill (HPM). The MPM project is . expected to be completed in the second half of 2001. No other development plans are in place for the remaining graded area. b. Statement of biectives and reasons for the re uest• Liliuokalani Trust is submitting this request for rezoning to allow greater flexibility to attract development to Makalapua Business Center. Successful rezoning of the project area will allow the Trust to further plan and develop its lands on the basis of future available market opportunities. 1 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, worth Kona, Hawaii c. Number of acres/square feet: The project area totals 100.7-acres. The project area includes several private road lots, including the existing Makala Blvd., Luhia Street, and a future service road. The road lots total 10.8-acres and the net land area available for development is 89.9 acres. d. Proposed development: The Trust presently has no development plans for the project area, other than a 6.674 acre site being developed by Hawaii Planning Mill (HPM) for a home improvement center. HPM is relocating from a smaller existing site within the K1S. The Trust estimates that future development may comprise of approximately 40 acres for commercial uses, 29 acres for industrial uses and 21 acres for outdoor commercial recreation uses. Please refer to the attached Proposed Development Plan (Figure 4). Commercial uses are anticipated along Makala Blvd. and along Queen Kaahumanu Highway. Industrial uses, including the proposed HPM development, are anticipated in areas adjoining the existing KIS, and outdoor recreation uses are anticipated along Kuakini Highway, coinciding with the adjoining Old Airport State Park. For the purpose of assessing project impacts and infrastructure requirements, Liliuokalani Trust projected development densities on the basis of 8, 000 s. f. per a cre for commercia I uses and S, 600 s. f. per acre for industrial uses. The scale of these projections coincide with existing commercial uses at Makalapua Center, and existing industrial uses within the KIS and on the planned HPM site. On this basis, total gross floor area yields in the project area are estimated at 310,400 s.f. of commercial floor area and 113,100 s. f. of industrial floor area, with another 20.9-acres anticipated for outdoor recreation use. e. Time frame and cost: For the purpose of assessing project impacts and infrastructure requirements, development was projected to occur in three phases; with Phase 1 representing anticipated development by 2010, Phase 2 representing development by 2020, and Phase 3 representing development beyond 2020. 2 9831.0?00/007-3 r15,01 i / ~ ~ / ~ ~ , _ MAKALAPUA CENTER / ~ / ~ Karnakae{la Future gvenue / Kamakaeha Ave. ~ / Extension c° ~ Industrial j (Hawaii PlanningMilU Ol9rr,00n y 6.7 ac., 37,500 s.f. 94 Parking Stalls Queen Kaahumanu Highway Commercial 5.0 ac., 32,000 s.f. Ibased on 4 acres usable) Industrial ~ i ~ ~ 160 Parking Stalls ~ _ 4.5 ac., 25,200 s.f. ~ ~ ~ ~ + 63 Parking Stalls / ~ ~ ~ \ ~ ~ \ -`s ~ I ~ q a a Street Future Luhia Street I I Extension Commercial ~c 25.8 ac., 206,400 s.f. I rp 1000Parking5talls Iv+i ~ KONA INDUSTRIAL Commercial a ~t~~ ~ SUBDIVISION 9.0 ac., 72,000 s.f. a 1~1 360 Parking Stalls or 1N` ~ IV6~li/-O~l9r U/'9 1~1 BUSINESS CEIOITE~Z industrial 18.0 ac., 1 1 50,400 s.f.* fl" ` `252 Parking ,aG.~ \ Stalls ~Q~ \ \ Qa~ \ \ \ \ \ \ Outdoor \ \ Recreation Outdoor \ \ ~ e.o ac. Recreation \ \ ~ 12.9 ac. ~ \ \ i ~ \ \ IFxisting Dnving Range \ Short term lease) \ \ 1 ~ ~ Sewage ~ Pump '3 Kuakini Higfiway Station Old Airport State Park Development Standard *One half of Industrial site anticipated for industrial - 5,600 s.f. per acre, based on HPM site. use as baseyard expansion of lots fronting Commercial - 8,000 s.f. per acre, based on Makalapua Center Kaiwi Street (5 parking stalls per 1000 s.f., commercial retail standard). Fl9Ut'~ 4 PROJECTED DEVEILOPMENT P~4N MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENTER 0 200 500 Prepared for: Liliuokalani Trust Prepared by: Belt Collins Hawaii NORTH SCALE IN FEET December 2000 9845A20C'007-2 r~2.19.00 3 ~ ~ \ / ~ / / I ;~IAKALAPUA CENTER Kamakaeha L / Future - venue / Kamakaeha Ave. ~ ~ Extension T~ ~~rAo~t ' - Queen Kaahumanu Highway \ ~ - _ _ / \ \ ~ ~Uhia 5cceet . - - - ~ - - 1 - ib.; a• ~ - A a a Street Future Luhia Street - ~ - - f.. ~ _ _ - - - ~ KONA INDUSTRIAL ~ SUBDIVISION y `F' n` - y m - _ Y-' ~1 _ ' (D ~ ti ~ ~ 1 _ 2 ~L o-s \ Qa 'i;P 5 acres ~ Sewage ~ t hway Pump acres Kuakini N g siauon Old Airport State Park LEGEND Phase 1 (Year 2010) Phase 2 (Year 2020) Phase 3 (Year 2020+) ~19U~@ 5 ~ROPOS~D PHASIPVG DIA~aRAM MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENTER 0 200 500 Prepared for: Liliuokalani Trus[ Prepared by: Belt Collins Hawaii NORTH SCALE IN FEET December 2000 Application For Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii Phase l development is anticipated to include both expansion of existing KIS developments onto land within the project area, and new development mauka of Luhia Street. Phase 2 is anticipated to extend development incrementally along Makala Blvd. and to the makai side of Luhia Street. Phase 3 development is anticipated to occur throughout the remaining area between Phase 2 and Kuakini Highway. The pace of development as outlined in the 3 development phases and summarized in the table below is consistent with the rate of development experienced by the Trust on its lands over the last 40 years. Please refer to the "Phasing and Proposed Use Diagram" in Figure S. Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 (Year 2010) (Year 2020) (beyond 2020) cumulative cumulative Commercia 1 32, 000 s. f. 238, 400 s. f. 310, 400 s. f. Industrial 113,100 s.f. 113,100 s.f. 113,100 s. f. Total 145,100 s. f. 401, 900 s. f. 473, 900 s. f. f. Number of em~lo~~es: Development of the project area is estimated to eventually support 360 employees by 2010, 1,000 employees by 2020 and over 1,200 employees at full development. Employee projections were estimated at 1 employee per 400 s. f. of gross floor area, and are based on estimates of employment at existing commercial and industrial developments on Trust lands. The estimates above do not include employment related to construction activities. 3 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii g. Parking arran ement: Parking will primarily be provided on-site within parcel areas. The actual number of on-site parking stalls will be decided on a per project basis and is expected to conform to generally accepted private tenant standards (i.e. 5 to 6 stalls per 1,000 s.f.), which are significantly higher than the county's code requirements (i.e. 3.3 stalls per 1,000 s.f. for commercial uses). On-street parking will be allowed subject to review and approval by the county's agencies. h. °fraffic impacts (assessment of existing traffic conditions anticipated increase in traffic and traffic impacts from proposed usel• As part of this application, Wilbur Smith Associates completed a Traffic Impact Study in December 2000. The assessment of roadway traffic conditions extends through year 2020, the present planning horizon for Hawaii County transportation plans. An interim assessment is also provided for year 2010. 2010 coincides with the Phase 1 development projections for the project area, and 2020 coincides with Phase 2 development projections for the project area. Future traffic conditions were evaluated using projections from the "Hawaii Long Range Land Transportation Plan, Draft Final Report, 1998" prepared for State Department of Transportation and Hawaii County's Department of Public Works and Planning Department. Traffic conditions were analyzed* for key intersections during weekday morning and afternoon peak traffic periods. Peak traffic periods were defined as ~:15am to 7:45am in the morning and 3:45pm to 4:30pm in the afternoon. Traffic counts were conducted at the study's key intersections on October T, 1998 and February I8, 1999, between 6:OOam to 9:30am in the morning, and 3:OOpm to 6:30pm in the afternoon. ' The Study used standards and methodologies based.on The Transportation Research Board (TRB), including its 1994 Highway Capacity Manua! (HCM). Traffic conditions at traffic signal- controlled intersections were evaluated using the Operations Analysis methodology described within the J 994 HCM. • Existing Conditions 4 Application for Change of Zone for t.iliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii Regional access to the project area is provided by Queen Kaahumanu Highway (QKH) and Kuakini Highway. Roadways within the Project area include Makala Blvd. and Luhia Street. Makala Blvd. provides access to QKH and Kuakini Highway, while Luhia Street provides access to the existing Kona Industrial subdivision. Traffic conditions at intersections within the project area were found to operate at acceptable to very good levels of service during both AM and PM peak periods. While traffic conditions at intersections outside of the project area were found to generally operate at acceptable to very good levels of service during AM and PM peak periods, specific traffic movements at two intersections, including the right-turn movement from Kaiwi Street onto QKH and the left-turn movement from Kaiwi Street onto Kuakini Highway, experienced long delays during the PM peak period. • Year 2010 WITHOUT the Pr~ect By 2010, the Study assumed that both the State's proposed widening of Queen Kaahumanu Highway (QKH), adjoining the project area, and the County's planned widening of Kuakini Highway between Palani Road and Hualalai Road (including an additional lane on the southbound approach of Kuakini Highway at the Palani Road intersection) would be completed. The Study also assumed that the extension of Eho Street from Luhia Street to QKH would be completed by QLT by 2010. With the planned roadway projects around the project area, traffic conditions by 2010 in and around the project area either maintained similar levels of service or were slightly improved. For example, the widening of QKH and the opening of the Eho Street connection greatly improved traffic flow for the right-turn movement from Kaiwi Street onto QKH. However, the left-turn movement from Kaiwi Street to Kuakini Highway is expected to continue experiencing long delays during PM peak periods. 5 . Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii • Year 2010 with the Project By 2010, development in the project area is anticipated between Luhia Street and QKH, and also in the project area which abuts the existing KIS area. The Study's assumption of regional roadway improvements by 2010 coincides with those highlighted in the discussion of 2010 conditions without the project. The Study further assumed that the following roadway improvements would be implemented by QLT; 1) completion of Makala Blvd. to its full r. o. w. width between Luhia Street and QKH, and 2) a new service road between Luhia Street and Kuakini Highway, coinciding with an existing sewer line. It is expected that traffic entering and exiting the project area will predominantly use Makala Blvd. The largest numerical and percentage traffic increases are expected to occur on Makala Blvd., between QKH and Kuakini Highway. Traffic volumes are expected to increase by 21 % during AM peak periods and 24% during PM peak periods. In contrast, project related traffic is expected to increase traffic volumes on Kaiwi Street by 2% during AM peak periods and 1 during PM peak periods, while project related traffic is expected to increase traffic volumes on QKH by q% during AM peak periods and 5% during PM peak periods. Within the project area, traffic conditions at each of Makala Blvd.'s intersections with QKH, Luhia Street, and Kuakini Highway are projected to operate at acceptable to very good service levels at 2010, with the exception of one traffic movement. The leh turn movement from south-bound Luhia St. onto Makala Blvd. may experience long delays once development occurs north of Makala Blvd. along Luhia Street. 6 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii On this basis, the Study recommended the following modifications to the Luhia Street/Makala Blvd. intersection: - Instal! traffic detectors and underground conduits at the time Makala Blvd. is widened. - Upon development of the NE parcel at the Makala Blvd./Luhia Street intersection, conduct periodic traffic monitoring surveys to determine if conditions warrant installation of a traffic signal. Traffic congestion around the project area are similar to 2010 conditions without the project and are not significantly affected by increased traffic volumes from Phase 1 development in the project area. • Year 2020 WITHOUT the Proiect Beyond the regional roadway projects assumed to be completed by 2010, no other major roadway improvements are expected by 2020. By 2020, traffic conditions within the project area are expected to remain at acceptable to very good service levels without the project Regional traffic growth by 2020 is expected to further increase congestion on surrounding intersections outside of the project area, with long delays expected at the Queen Kaahumanu Highway/Palani Road intersection, and also the !eft turn movement from Kaiwi Street onto Kuakini Highway as previously highlighted by 2010. • Year 2020 with the Project In its assessment of 2020 traffic conditions, development in the project area is expected to extend makai of Luhia Street, along Makala Blvd. As a result of cumulative development in the project area by 2020, the largest numerical and percentage traffic increase is expected to occur on Makala Blvd., between QKH and Kuakini Highway. Increases in traffic volumes along Makala Blvd. are expected to range from 40% during AM peak periods to 64% during PM peak periods. 7 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii In contrast, project related traffic is not expected to significantly increase traffic volumes outside of the project area, with project related traffic estimated to increase traffic volumes along Queen Kaahumanu Highway by 6% during AM peak periods and 9% during PM peak periods. Similarly, project related traffic is expected to increase traffic volumes along Kaiwi Street by 4% in the AM peak and 1 % during the PM peak. Within the project area, traffic conditions at each of Makala Blvd.'s intersections with Kuakini Highway, Luhia Street and QKH are expected to operate at acceptable to good levels of service, except for anticipated long delays for the left turn movement from Makala Blvd. onto QKH, and the left turn movement from Luhia Street onto Makala Blvd_ (as discussed in 2010). On this basis, the Study recommended the following modifications to the Makala Blvd./Luhia Street and Makala Blvd./QKH intersections: - Install traffic signal controls at the Makala Blvd./Luhia Street - Add a second left-turn lane on the mauka bound approach of Makala Blvd. at QKH. j. Proposed on-site and off-site infrastructure: On-Site: Infrastructure for the project area wit! consist both of further extensions and upgrading of infrastructure along the project area's roadways and new improvements within future development sites. Development of infrastructure within the private road lots (Makala Blvd., Luhia Street, and the service road) will include further extending and undergrounding utilities in the project area, including water, sewers, electrical, CATV lines, etc. Makala Blvd. and Luhia Street will be upgraded on an incremental basis to the County's dedicable standards, with curbs, gutters and sidewalks. The Trust eventually plans to dedicate these two roads to the County. The timing of these improvements will coincide with development of adjoining parcel areas. On-site infrastructure within development areas are expected to 8 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii consist of paved areas for vehicular and pedestrian access, and underground utilities (water, sewer, electrical, telephone, CATV, etc.). The utilities will connect to larger area networks within adjoining roads. Off-site: Continued development in the project area may require HELCO to complete a planned Palani Road Substation. This new substation will complement HELCO's existing substation within the K1S. Liliuokalani Trust has secured from DWS water commitments for the project area totalling 500 units or 300,000 gallons of water per day. The facilities charge was paid in 1995 and future water system improvements were also bonded at that time. Wastewater will be conveyed via the County's Kealakehe Purnp Station to the County's Kealakehe Wastewater Treatment Plant, which has capacity to accommodate incremental development. 9 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii B. CONFORMANCE WITO-I STATE/COUNTY PLANS 2. State Land Use designation: The subject site is situated within the State Urban Land Use District boundary. 3. Applicable goals/policies and objectives of the General Plan: Makalapua Business Center is situated within the North Kona District. For North Kona, Hawaii County's General Plan seeks to achieve greater diversity and stability for the local economy, while stressing a balance of social, physical and economic goals for area residents and visitors alike. The proposed change of zone will allow more flexibility for the region to achieve greater economic diversity and stability. As is consistent with the General Plan's intent for North Kona, the Trust envisions that future development in the project area will include both commercial and industrial services, catering to residents, businesses and visitors. 4. General Plan designation: Based on the Land Use Pattern Alloc tion Guide (LUPAG) Map of the County's General Plan, the subject area is designated for "Industrial" use. "Industrial" areas are intended for "manufacturing and processing, wholesaling, large storage and transportation facilities, and light industrial uses Under the County's proposed General Plan Revision Program dated Sept. 1, 2000, the subject area is designated for "Industrial/Commercial" use, with areas beyond the site designated for further "Urban Expansion". The policy section for North Kona also stated that, "industrial-commercial mixed use district shall be provided in appropriate locations." - The proposed change of zone to the Industrial-Commercial mixed use zoning district is consistent with the County's General Plan Revision Program for the area. While allowing industrial use for the area, the proposed Industrial-Commercial mixed use zone will also allow greater flexibility for commercial type uses that are necessary to continue providing business and commercial services to the Kailua-Kona community. 5. Zoning: 10 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii The subject site is situated within Hawaii County's Limited Industrial Use zoning district (ML-la) . The minimum lot size is presently 1 acre. 6. Community Development Plan: The subject site is not subject to any community development plans and is not within the Kailua Village Design District. 7. Special Management Area: The subject site is within the SMA district boundary, which includes areas makai of Queen Kaahumanu Highway and north of the Kona Industrial Subdivision. The Trust currently has an approved SMA Use Permit (No. 201, Nov 1983) for the project area. The anticipated scale of structures under the proposed mixed-commercial- industrial use will not change significantly from those represented as part of the earlier SMA Use Permit. Development is expected to consist of one- and two-story commercial and light industrial structures, conforming to the County's development standards and also consistent with the scale of future development represented by the Trust within the approved SMA Use Permit No. 201. C. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OE THE PROPERTY AND SURROUNDING AREA Physical Characteristics/Environmental Setting. 8. Description of subject property, location, climate, topography, slope, soils (including size, shape, existing structures): Sub'ect t Propertx The subject site is largely undeveloped with the exception of roads and public utilities that have been previously constructed by Liliuokalani Trust. These include Makala Boulevard, Luhia Street and a sewer line leading from Luhia Street to a pump station along Kuakini Highway. The Trust has recently mass graded a 16~acre area between Luhia Street and Queen Kaahumanu Highway, in conjunction with a planned HPM development project on a 6-acre portion of the graded area. The Trust presently has no plans to develop the remaining 10-acres. In the northwest-makai corner of the project area, a 4 to 5-acre portion of the project site has been developed as part of a larger golf practice area. 11 Application for Change of Zone for !_iliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii A row of ironwood trees was planted by the Trust along the northern boundary of the site to visually screen development in the project area and the KIS from the Trust's Children's Center. Location The project area is situated approximately 6 miles south of Keahole International Airport within the ahupuaa of Keahuolu, within the County's North Kona District. The site is 1/2 mile north of Kailua Village, 1/4 mile makai of the Trust's Makalapua Center, and immediately mauka of the Old Airport State Park. The mauka edge of the project area coincides with Queen Kaahumanu Highway and is approximately 1 mile from the shoreline. The makai edge of the project area coincides with Kuakini Highway and is approximately 1/3 mile from the shoreline. Climate The climate is generally mild with a mean annual temperature of 75 degrees (f) with relatively small daily and seasonal variations. Daytime temperatures rarely rise above 88 degrees (f) or drop below 63 degrees (f) at night. Annual rainfall varies from 20 to 25 inches. Winds are generally light to moderate and have a diurnal variation, with winds predominantly off shore in the morning and on-shore in the afternoon. Toph,Y The elevation of the site varies from. below 20 feet above mean sea level (amsl) along Kuakini Highway to over 60 feet amsl along Queen Kaahumanu Highway. 15 ope The site sits on a flat coastal plain at the base of the western slopes of Hualalai volcano. The site is relatively flat across its entire length, with average slopes of less than S%. The transition of slopes from the coastal plain to the western slope of Hualalai occurs near Queen Kaahumanu Highway. With the recent mass grading of the mauka portion of the site, there is a 20 ft. to 30 ft. grade difference between the mauka portion of the site and Queen Kaahumanu Highway. oils 12 Application for Change of Zone for Lifiuokalani Trust Keahuofu, North Kona, fiawaii The site contains predominantly Pahoehoe lava, which is considered very poor for agricultural production. Aa lava and Pakini and Waiaha over Pahoehoe soils are also found along the mauka edge of the site. These soils are also rated very poor for agricultural production. 9. Lava Haaard Zone: Based upon a 1990 USGS report, "Volcanic and Seismic Hazards on the Island of Hawaii'; the subject site lies within Zone 4 (zones are ranked from 1 to 9 based on the probabilities of coverage by lava flows, with 1 representing areas of greatest hazard and 9 representing the least) on the makai slope of Hualalai. Based on USGS Professional Paper 1350, published in Volcanism in Hawaii, in 1987, the site was not affected by either of the two most recent flows on the slopes of Hualalai, including the Huehue and Kaupulehu flows of 1800-1801. Recent seismic studied indicated that seismicity within HuaJalai is low, with "no evidence of current magmatic movement such as occurs on Kiluaea and Mauna Loa." 10. ®istance from coastline: The makai edge of the site is approximately 1/3 mile from the shoreline, N.~hiJe the mauka edge is approximately 1 mile from the shoreline. 11. Agricultural Lands of Importance in the Siate of liaenraii (ALIBI-I) designation: The project area is not included within any areas designated of agricultural importance (based on the January 1977 AL15H maps). 12. U.S.D.A. Natural Resources Conservation Services Soil Service Report soil ape: Based upon review of USDA Soil Conservation Service's Soil Survey for the lsJand of Hawaii dated December 1973, Pahoehoe lava flow (rLW) is the predominant soil found throughout the site. Punaluu (rPYD) soil is also found along the mauka edge of the site, as is Aa lava (rLV). Pahoehoe lava has a "billowy, glassy surface that is relatively smooth'; with hummocks, pressure domes and rough broken areas. The lava typically contains no soil covering and is barren of vegetation, except for mosses and 13 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii lichens. Punaluu extremely rock~reat is a soil in which rocky outcrops occupy 40 to 50 percent of the surface. It is typically described as a "well-drained, thin organic soil over Pahoehoe lava bedrock" (typically at depths less than 10 inches). The surface Jayer is typically a black peat approximately 4 inches thick, which rapidly permeable. The Pahoehoe lava below is very slowly permeable, though water moves rapidly through the cracks. Surface runoff is slow with low levels of erosion hazard. Aa lava has practically no soil covering and is typically bare of vegetation. The lava is very rough and broken, and is typically a mass of clinkery, hard, glassy, sharp pieces in tumbled heaps. It is very permeable and is used for watershed. 13. Land Study bureau soil rating: Based upon the "Detailed Land Classification-Island of Hawaii" published by the Land Study Bureau in November 1965, the soil predominantly found on the site is described as "Bare Pahoehoe" and "Almost Bare Pahoehoe". "Pakini and Waiaha over Pahoehoe" can also be found along the mauka edge of the site, with isolated areas of "Bare Aa lands" also found along the mauka edge. "Bare Pahoehoe" and "Almost Bare Pahoehoe" is described as not containing any soil materials and is very poorly suited for agricultural production. Both of these soils rate a 5 and 4 respectively on a scale of 1 (least productive) to 100 (most productive) in the Land Productivity Index for Master Productivity Ratings, as found in the Land Study Bureau report. "Pakini and Waiaha over Pahoehoe" and "Bare Aa" similarly rate very poorly as to their suitability for agricultural production. 14. Flood Insurance (fate Map (FIRM) de§ignation: The site lies outside the 500-year flood plain. 14 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii 15. Existing drainageways or improvements: The existing topographic survey of the area shows no existing drainageways or structures in the project area. !n accordance with the "Keahole-to-Kailua Development Plan'; storm drainage in the region is to be addressed on-site within each project site. The on-site drainage design for the project area will incorporate catch basins and drywells to collect and retain storm water from each development site, while minimizing surface runoff. 16. Air/Noise/Water Quality: a. Air uali The findings available from the State Department of Health indicate that there have been no exceedances of the state or national standards for particulate matter and sulfur dioxide levels observed at DOH's Kona air monitoring station (Memorandum for the Record, December 22, 2000). Ambient air monitoring stations detect pollutants from industrial, agricultural and natural sources. In the Kona area, these would include the Keahole Power Plant and the Kealakehe Landfill, as well as Kilauea Volcano which is located upwind from the project site during prevailing winds. Carbon monoxide em. fissions from vehicular sources typically exhibit a much smaller-scale effect characterized as "hot spots" that may not be captured by m,~nitoring stations sited to measure ambient air. Carbon monoxide hot spots occur along heavily traveled transportation corridors and are a function of vehicular delays, number of vehicles, and meteorological conditions. The potential for CO hot spots increase when vehicular delays are significantly increased as indicated by any of the following: (1) at intersection operating near capacity, a change in Level of Service (LOS) classification, e.g., from LOS D to LOS E, or (2) at intersections operating at or above a traffic volume to intersection capacity ratio (V/C) of 0.95, an increase in the V/C of 0.02 or more. If vehicular delays are not significantly increased, no significant impact to air quality is expected. Based on information provided in the Traffic Impact Study (TIS, Makalapua Business Center, Queen Liliuokalani Trust, WSA, Dec 2000) attached in Appendix A, increases in traffic volumes are anticipated in the project area by the year 2020 and a few intersections are expected to experience vehicle delays at Levels-of- Service (LOS) F. 15 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii However, no significant impacts on air quality are expected at these or any other affected intersections because the total number of vehicles entering the intersections are not expected to generate the quantity of emissions to result in a significant impact. Based on a computer mode! run that was performed for another intersection, the number of vehicles needed to approach a significant impact on air quality is greater than 9,000 entering the intersection. The peak hour number of vehicles at al! intersections affected by the Makalapua Business Center project are well below 9,000. Furthermore, with the proposed mitigation measures identified in the TIS alleviating anticipated traffic delays in the project area, no significant impact to air quality from the proposed project is anticipated. During the construction period, short-term impacts to air quality will be minimized by implementing standard industry practices to control fugitive dusts, in accordance with the requirements set forth in Hawaii Administrative Rules 11-60.1. b. Noise The primary source of noise related to the project will be from construction activity and traffic in the project area. Noise from the site is not expected to impact any adjoining residential areas or sensitive sites, as the project area is bordered by outdoor recreation areas (Old Airport State Park), an industrial subdivision (Kona ?ndustrial Subdivision), a regional highway (Queen Kaahumanu Highway), and undeveloped lands slated for future urban development. c. Water Quality Based on the results of earlier water quality monitoring surveys during the construction of Makalapua Center, Makala Blvd. (to Kuakini Highway) and Luhia Street, no adverse effects on surface water quality are expected. The earlier monitoring programs during the construction of Makalapua Center, Maka/a Blvd. and Luhia Street revealed no changes in water quality attributable to construction related activities. Some of the factors for the above include the distance of the site from the ocean, the low rainfall in the area, and measures that will be taken to prevent sun`ace runoff. 16 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, I-lawaii Historic Resources: 17. Existing archaeological, cultural or historic sites on National Register or Hawaii Register: Based on an Archaeological Inventory Survey of the site conducted by PHRI in January 1993 (See Appendix B), 18 archaeological sites within 100-acre project area were identified. Of the 18 sites, 12 were classified as important for information content with no further work necessary, while 4 were designated necessary for further data recovery. The remaining 2 sites were identified as a remnant of the Mamalahoa Trail (initially recommended for preservation and later reclassified to data recovery only) and a burial site, which is being preserved with guidance from the Hawaii Island Burial Council and DLNR. Both of these are discussed below. a. Mamalahoa Trail segment (PHRI Site No. 00002,E On December 21, 1993 (See Letter in Appendix B), DLNR-SHPD approved data recovery as a recommended mitigation for the Mamalahoa Trail segment. This superseded PHRI's original recommendation to preserve this remnant portion of the trail. DLNR- SHPD agreed to downgrade the mitigation as the trail segment was an isolated remnant and Na Ala Hele had indicated that it would not be necessary to preserve this portion of the trail for public access. Data recovery for the trail segment was completed with PHR!'s Archaeological Mitigation Program report of May 1995 (Data Recovery Amendment No. 1). It was determined that the State had a claim to the trail segment based on the Highway's Act of 1892 and on June 1, 1998, Liliuokalani Trust submitted a request to the Board of Land and Natural Resources to acquire this portion of the trail. Na Ala Hele acknowledged that it had no objections to the State relinquishing its claim to this segment of the trail. The Board of Land and Natural Resources approved the sale of the remnant trail to the Trust on Sept. 25, 1998. DLNR Land Division is currently processing the sale of the trail remnant to the Trust. On March 29, 2000 and in conjunction with the Trust's mass grading of the HPM project area, which included the trail remnant, the Trust received immediate Right-of--Entry from DLNR for construction purposes. 17 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii b. Burial Site (PHRI Site No. 1851 The burial site was referred to the Hawaii Island Burial Council for determination. Following submission of a Burial Treatment Plan/Archaeological Mitigation Program (completed by PHRI in Oct 93), the Hawaii Island Burial Council notified Liliuokalani Trust that the burial site was to be preserved in place. PHRI's Burial Treatment Plan recommended buffers of 5 meters on all sides with no construction or land modification within the buffer area. The preservation buffer was to be delineated with a planted buffer at the corners, "or in some other acceptable configuration; or marked by natural stone walls and/or platforms, and appropriate native vegetation". The Hawaii Island Burial Council ultimately recommended a 30 foot buffer zone around the burial site, which was also accepted by DLNR (see DLNR letter dated December 21, 1993 in Appendix B). c. Data Recovery (PHRI Site Nos. 18506, 18513. 1$515. 18518) Data recovery was completed with the Archaeological Mitigation Program report by PHRI dated May 1995. Natural Resources: 18. F!®ra/,fauna: a. Flora: In February of 1999, Char and Associates completed a Botanical Survey of the site. The survey concluded that the proposed rezoning would not have a significant negative impact on the botanical resources in the project area. The survey identified 66 plant species on the site, of which 57 are introduced, 1 is of early Polynesian introduction and 8 are native. The 8 native species can be found in similar lowland environments on Hawai'! island and also the other islands of Hawaii. None of the plants found in the field studies is a threatened or endangered species. Please refer to the Botanical Survey in Appendix C. 18 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii Introduced or alien species are the dominant plants found throughout the site. These include fountain grass, kiawe, koa haole, klu, Guinea grass, and Christmas berry. The 8 native species found on the site include 'ilima (Sida fallax), koali 'awa (Ipomoea indica), 'ilie'e (Plumbago zeylanica), a/ahe'e (Psydrax odoratum), 'a'ali'! (Dodonaea viscosa), 'uhaloa (Walteria indica), maiapilo or native caper (Capparis sandwichiana) and a small sedge (Fimbristylis hawaiiensis). Both the maiapilo and Fimbristylis hawaiiensis are endemic species and are native only to the Hawaiian Islands. Both of these are listed as species of concern by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Species of concern are plants for which there are not enough data to support listing proposals at present; species of concern are not protected by any endangered species laws. Both are not considered high priority candidates for listing. The survey recommends that native species be considered for any future landscaping, as these plants are in keeping with the desired regional character of the area, are adapted to local growing conditions and require less water and soils. b. Fauna Findings below regarding existing fauna resources nn site are extracted from an earlier 1989 Survey of Avifauna and Feral Mammals on QLT's Keahuolu lands by Phillip Bruner. The 1989 survey was completed as part of an EIS to accompany a Petition to reclassify approximately 1,135 acres of QLT lands from State Agriculture and Conservation Land Use Districts to the Urban District . (extending from Palani Road to the Kealakehe/Keahuolu boundary) The subject site is adjacent to areas covered within the earlier '89 study, with very similar habitat conditions. The survey concluded the following: • No resident endemic species of land and water birds observed • No migratory indigenous birds observed • No resident indigenous birds • No resident Indigenous seabirds • 17 species of exotic birds recorded during survey • No endangered species of feral mammals observed • Only feral mammals found included mongoose, mice and rats The majority of bird and mammal life impacted were found to be 19 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii exotic species, "for which other habitat opportunities in West Hawaii exist." As expressed in the earlier '89 report for the adjacent area, mitigation measures for the present site are not expected nor are they proposed as endangered mammal species or endemic species of land or sea birds are not expected in the area. 19. Scenic or coastal resources: The project area's low elevation (el. 1 S ft. to SO h.) and shallow slopes (less than 5%) limit opportunities for scenic views of the coastline from the site. Within the project area, coastal views are enjoyed from a limited portion of Makala Blvd., between Luhia Street and Queen Kaahumanu Highway. Through a Development Design Manual and Landscape Master Plan that was prepared by QLT and accepted by the County of Hawaii in Apri12000, the Trust plans to safeguard coastal views from this portion of Makala Blvd. and coordinate landscape features along roadways within the project area. Social-Economic Characteristics: 20. Social settlement pattern for the area: Ina 1988 West Hawaii Regional Plan (WHRP) prepared by the Office of State Planning (OSP), OSP outlined its vision for the quality of life and the qc,=.lity of employment for West Hawaii, stating that "a key factor to ensuring that residents maintain a high standard of living" was the "need to provide a wide range of jobs that affords job choice and upward mobility". The WHRP goes on to say that "promoting higher quality of life will result in continued growth for the region". The project area is situated within WHRP's Keahole to Kailua-Kona Subregional Planning Area, in which future regional urbanization is to be directed. These planning areas were identified as areas where mixed land uses exist and where further urbanization will be able to contribute to supporting the needs of residential support communities and resort districts - in West Hawaii. 20 Application For Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, I-fawaii 21. Economic resources of the area: A June 1992 Working Paper for the Kailua-Kona Master Plan (prepared by R.M. Towill Corp. for the County of Hawaii Planning Department) outlined that "patterns of population sePtlement and growth are defined primarily by an area's economic opportunities". To this end, the West Hawaii region is recognized as having "many opportunities to sustain a stable and diversified economy supported by energy resources, high technology research and development, aquaculture, diversified agriculture, commercial and sport fishing, seafood marketing and ocean research. Expansion in this region will increase job choice and the availability of high paying jobs." In the North Kona District, the area between Kailua-Kona and Keahole Airport has been identified for such economic growth. The visitor industry is anticipated to remain a major source of economic activity in the district, while economic opportunities in agriculture and aquaculture continue to evolve, especially with regard to coffee production and the University of Hawaii's Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) project. Rezoning the project area to a more flexible mixed Industrial-Commercial use district will continue to foster the desired economic diversity in the region by making available land for both industrial and commercial businesses. 22. Land values: Based on a review of available Real Property Assessment records for the 2001 year of assessment, the project area is valued at $8,700,800, based on its State Urban Land Use District classification and its County Limited Industrial Zoning classification (land area indicated as 99.87 acres on tax office records). 21 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii Surrounding Lands: 23. Land Use: The existing land uses for surrounding parcels include: North TMK 7-4-08: por 2 Undeveloped Makai TMK 7-S-OS: 7 & 83 Outdoor Recreation (Dld Airport State Park) South TMK 7-4-10: 8, 9, Industrial (Kona Industrial Subdivision) 10, 11, 12, 13, 23, 24, 25&26. TMK 7-4-15: 9, 10, Industrial (Kona Industrial Subdivision) 11 & 16 Mauka TMK 7-4-20: 9, 10 & i 4 Undeveloped TMK ~-4-20: 10, 11, Commercial Retail (Makalapua Center) 12 & 13 z~ Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii 24. Zoning: Surrounding zoning based on the County of Hawaii Zoning Map include: North TMK 7-4-08: por 2 Agriculture (A-Sa) Makai TMK 7-S-OS: 7 & 83 Limited Industrial (ML-20) oath TMK 7-4-10: 7, 8, 9, General Industrial (MG-1 a) 10, 11, 12, 13, 23, 24, 25 & 26. TMK 7-4-1 S: 9, 10, General Industrial (MG-1 a) 11&16 Mauka TMK 7-4-?0: 9, 10, 11, General Commercial (CG-10) 12, 13 & 14 D. PUBLIC FACILITIES AND ERVICES: 25. Description of access: Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Kuakini Highway are the two primary regional roads which provide access to the project area from the surrounding West Hawaii region and Kailua-Kona.. Queen Kaahumanu Highway provides direct access to Keahole Airport and the Kohala Coast to the north and residential communities south of Kailua-Kona. Kuakini Highway provides access to the project area from Kailua Village and shoreline resort areas along Alii Drive. 23 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, I-fawaii Queen Kaahumanu Highway is presently atwo-way two lane undivided road. The State is planning to widen Queen Kaahumanu Highway from Henry Street to Keahole Airport to a four-lane road, and is in the process of acquiring land for the widening at this time. The timetable for construction, especially the portions near the project site, has yet to be finalized, but is anticipated by 2010. Kuakini Highway is presently atwo-way two-lane undivided road, and provides access to the site from Kailua Village and the shoreline resort areas along Alii Drive. Together with Makala Blvd., Kuakini Highway serves as an alternative route into and through Kailua-Kona. Makala Blvd. is presently atwo-way two-lane road and serves as the main arterial road through the project area. Makala Blvd. connects Queen Kaahumanu Highway to Kuakini Highway, and is planned to be upgraded to a four-lane two-way road. QLT plans to incrementally raise Makala Blvd. to dedicable standards concomitant with adjoining development. Makala Blvd. is presently a private road, bur is planned to eventually be dedicated to the County. - Makala Blvd.'s intersection with Queen Kaahumanu Highway is presently controlled by a traffic signal, while its intersection with Kuakini Highway is controlled by a four-way stop sign. Luhia Street is a local arterial road which c~-~nnects the project area to the existing Kona Industrial Subdivision. Luhia Street is presently a private road with a 60 ft. r.o. w. !t is a two-lane two-way read, but has yet to be upgraded to the County's dedicable standards. QLT plans to incrementally raise Luhia Street to dedicable standards concomitant with adjoining development. 26. Availability of water. a. Existing Conditions - ource: Liliuokalani Trust installed a 1.0 million gallon per day (mgd) potable water well in Keahuolu above Mamalahoa Highway. This well was dedicated to the County in 1997. Based on this contribution to the regional potable water supply system, the water source is available for the proposed rezoning. 24 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii - Storage: Along with the water well source cited above, the Trust also constructed a 1.0 mg storage reservoir adjacent to the well. Based on this contribution to the regional potable water supply system, the water storage is available for the proposed rezoning. - Distribution: Mains are installed within both the existing developed areas of the Kona Industrial Subdivision (Luhia Street) and Makalapua Center (Kamakaeha Avenue}. b. P~ected Demand The potable water demands for the proposed development are estimated based on the County Department of Water Supply's "Water System Standards, Volume l," dated 1985 (DWS Standards). The standards allocates 3,000 gal/acre/day (gpad) for Commercial zoned areas and 4,000 gal/acre/day (gpad) for Industrial zoned areas. 1,000 gal/acre/day (gpad) was estimated as the demand for Outdoor Recreation Use (]0 gallons per day per person x 100 persons/acre maximum). With the proposed development percentage at ultimate development (Year 2020 and Beyond) being 2S% industrial, 45% commercial, and 30% outdoor recreation use, the weighted average day demand (ADD) of the proposed rezoned areas is: - Weighted ADD = 25% x 4,000 gpad + 45% x 3,000 gpad + 30% x 1,000 gpad = 2,650 gpad This computes to an Average Day Demand of - ADD = 2, 650 gpad x 89.9 acres = 238,235 gpd Maximum Day Demand (MDD) - MDD = 1.S x ADD = 1.5 x 238,235 gpd = 357,350 gpd 25 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii c. Prooosed Action A water commitment is in effect for the project area for 500 units or 300,000 gallons per day. Liliuokalani Trust paid a water facilities charge of $900, 000 on July 21, ~ 995 and future water systems improvements were bonded at that time. With the source and the storage being sufficient for the proposed rezoning, the infrastructure improvements will consist of new distribution mains along the roadways of the project area. A 12-inch main, presently under construction as part of the HPM project, will be installed from Kamakaeha Ave. to the project area via Makala Blvd. This will eventually be connected with the existing lines within Kona Industrial Subdivision (at Luhia Street and along Kuakini Highway) to provide a looped water system. Anticipated size of the looped mains is 8-inch to provide adequate fire protection for the developments. 27. Sewage disposal: a. Existing Condition In the project area, a 15-inch trunk sewer has recently been installed which conveys wastewater from Makalapua Ce~:ter above Kamakaeha Avenue through the project area to the Keal~~kehe Pump Station, located near the intersection of Kuakini Highway and Kaiwi Street. Wastewater is then pumped via a 24-inch force main to the County's Kealakehe Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). The current plant capacity is approximately 2.8 million gallons per day (mgd) with three 1.0-mgd expansions planned to support long-term regional developments. 26 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii b. Projected Demand The design criteria adopted for use in the Trust's earlier Makalapua Development Sewer System Master Plan computes equivalent populations from commercial developments, industrial developments and outdoor recreation uses as follows: - Commercial Total acreage x 21 % x 140 cpa =equivalent population (cpa =capita per acre) Equivalent population per acre= 29.4 cpa Average Daily Flow = 29.4 cpa x 80 gal/capita/day = 2,352 gal/acre - Industrial Total acreage x 35% x 100 cpa =equivalent population Equivalent population per acre= 35 cpa Average Daily Flow = 35 cpa x };~J gal/capita day = 2,800 gal/acre - Outdoor Recreation In the earlier Makalapua Development Sewer System Master Plan, flows from sports complexes were estimated using 140 cpa with a discharge of 5 gpcd. c. Pr~posed Action The existing system has been sized to accommodate flows from Industrial zoned areas. The proposed MCX zoning would not increase the projected flows to the system. On this basis, no infrastructure upsizing would be necessary for the planned facilities due to the proposed rezoning. 27 Application For Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii 28. Solid waste: Solid waste generated from the project will be taken to the West Hawaii Landfill. This landfill was designed to serve as the regional solid waste disposal facility. 29. Police and Fire Protection: The subject property is situated within the Kona police district, and is served by the Kealekehe Police Station, approximately 1 mile north of the site along Queen Kaahumanu Highway. The site is served by the Fire Department's Kailua-Kona Fire Station along Palani Road near Queen Kaahumanu Highway, approximately 1/2-mile south of the site. 30. Schools: The Subdivision Ordinance of the Hawaii County Code does not require any reservation of lands for schools within the proposed mixed industrial- commercial use district. 31. Parks: The Subdivision Ordinance of the Hawaii County Code does not require any reservation of lands for parks or other recreational uses within the proposed mixed industrial-commercial use district. 32. Electricity: a. Existin~~ondition The Trust's existing developments at Makalapua Business Center (the planned HPM project), Makalapua Center and the Kona Industrial Subdivision (KIS) are presently supported by an existing HELCO Kaiwi Street substation in the KIS. The Kaiwi Street substation is presently at its capacity and HELCO has no plans to expand capacity in the future. 28 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii Existing overhead lines extend from the Kaiwi Street substation along Luhia Street and up Makala Blvd., serving existing commercial developments at Makalapua Center (Kmart, Liberty House, and the new Makalapua Cinemas), as well as the NPM project presently under construction. 6. Projected Demand Electrical supply for new developments in the project area are expected to be accommodated by a planned HELCO substation along Palani Road. c. Proposed Action The current HPM project within the project area is being supported by overhead lines from the existing Kaiwi Street substation. Electrical demands from continued development in the project area may require that the proposed Palani Substation be developed at the same time. Land for the Palani Substation was recently acquired by HELCO from the Trust. The Trust understands that the timing of HELCO's development of the Palani substation may also coincide with future de~~elopment at Makalapua Center. 33. Communications Overhead telephone and cable television facilities presently exist within the Kona Industrial Subdivision. New distribution lines will be tapped from these existing lines and extended to serve the project area. The Trust has also recently approved a request from Verizon to install apair- gain complex near the corner of Makala Blvd. and Luhia Street, to support voice and data communications to the project area. 29 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii E. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS: 34. Relationship between local short term uses of environment and maintenance and enhancement of long term productivity: The proposed change of zone will create additional options for the future use of the property. Anticipated phased development of the site over the next 20 years and beyond will slowly alter the existing natural, undeveloped character of the site. Economic productivity from the site will be greatly improved as the site is developed, as there is no current economic activity on the site. Future development will make available land for future industrial and commercial uses, which will provide long-term employment through future businesses within the site and short-term employment during construction. 35. Mitigative measures proposed to avoid, minimize, rectify or reduce impact: The primary impacts to the site and the surrounding area include traffic, development around a burial site, construction activity, and the general transition to a more urbanized character for the area. Mitigative measures to address increased traffic volumes due to the proposed project have been described earlier (please also see the Traffic Impact Study in Appendix A) and include an additional turn lane along Makala Blvd. at QKH, and a new traffic signal at the ~viakala Blvd./Luhia Street intersection, when conditions warrant. As recommended by PHRI's Burial Treatment Plan, recommended buffers will be incorporated into development around the burial site. The treatment plan was discussed earlier in this report and includes a 30 foot buffer on all sides of the site with no construction or land modification within the buffer area. Mitigation of construction impacts, including noise, dust and access along public roads will be included within future construction plans and specifications and will conform to the standards of relevant State and County Agencies. Similarly, Erosion and Drainage control measures will be included within future construction plans and specifications. As the site transitions to a more urbanized character, the Trust will use its existing Development Design Manual and Landscape Master Plan to guide physical character of development within the project area. 30 Application for Change of Zone for liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii 36. Alternatives to the proposed development: a. Pro op sed Action !n proposing mixed industrial-commercial use for the site, the Trust took into consideration, the long-term intention of the County to encourage ongoing urban development in the areas adjoining the existing Kona Industrial Subdivision and Kailua Village. The site enjoys the benefit of being along two major regional traffic routes serving West Hawaii (Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Kuakini Highway), and being in close proximity to Kailua-Kona. Given the strategic location of the site, the proposed rezoning allows greater flexibility for future uses. Business services, offices, retail establishments, medical clinics, meeting facilities and theaters are among the uses not presently permitted under the present industrial zoning, but would be permitted under the proposed mixed Industrial- Commercia! zoning district. Each of these uses would benefit area residents, local business and visitors to the Kailua-Kona area. b. No-Action Alternative The "no-action" or "no project" alternative would retain the present industrial zoning classification for !~-e site. The Trust recognizes both the strategic location of the site and the attractiveness of potential commercial uses, as highlighted above. A "no action" alternative reduces the Trust's flexibility to accommodate commercial uses and to pursue higher and better use opportunities. Consequently, this alternative would limit services and benefits to area residents, local businesses and visitors, while also limiting the Trust's ability to generate increased income for its beneficiaries; the orphaned children of hawaiian descent. It is on this basis that the Trust decided not to pursue a "no action" alternative. 31 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii c. Alternative Use of the site The Trust also considered the County's general commercial zoning classification for the project area. As previously stated, the project area is strategically located and would offer residents and visitors easy access to commercial services from surrounding communities and from Kailua-Kona. However, limiting uses to only those permitted within the general commercial district restricts the Trust's ability to provide land for its existing lessees in the adjoining Kona Industrial Subdivision to grow and expand their businesses. It is on this basis that the Trust decided not to propose general commercial use for the site. 37. Irreversible and irretrievable commitments of natural resources that would be involved if proposed action implemented: Of the 100-acre site, approximately 73-acres are undeveloped and remain in their natural state. The remaining 27 acres have been altered for roads, sewer easement, a golf practice facility, and mass grading related to a recent _ HPM development project. Continued development under the present industrial zoning classification will continue to alter and urbanize the remaining undeveloped areas. Under the proposed rezoning, alteration and urbanization of undeveloped areas would proceed in a similar manner. On the basis of earlier archaeological, flora and fauna surveys of the site and with the notable exception of one burial site (to be preserved), no significant natural, historical or archaeological resources were identified on the site for preservation. 32 Application for Change of Zone for Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii F. AGENCIES -COMMENTS 38. You may consult with the following agencies and include discussion in your report or attach their written comments regarding y®ur proposal: a. State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources Historic Preservation Division On Dec. 21, 1993 (Letter Doc. No. 9312RC02), DLNR's Historic Preservation Division summarized mitigation commitments for the project area and specifically addressed the following: - Mamalahoa Trail (makai remnant portion): approved for data recovery and not necessary for preservation. Data recovery work on the makai segment of the Trail was subsequently completed in 1994. A Limited Recovery Report was submitted by QLT to DLNR in August 1994 and approved in August 1995. - Burial Site No. 18511: accepted Hawaii Island Burial Council recommendation fora 30 foot buffer zone. See also comments within Section C, item 17 "Existing archaeological, cultural or historic sites". 33 APP~RI®IX LISI~ APPEN®IX A Traffic lrnpact Study, Makalapua Business Center Queen Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu Lands, Wilbur Smith Associates, December 2000. APPENDIX Letter dated December 21, 1993 From DLNR-State I°listoric Preservation Division to Belt Collins, "Mitigation Plan for Significant Historic Sites-Liliuokalani Trust". Archaeological Inventory Survey, Queen Liliuokalani Trust, 100- Acre KIS Expansion Site, Land of Keahuolu, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii, PHRI. January 1993. APPENDIX C Botanical Survey, 100-Acre Expansion Area, Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawai'I, Char & Associates, February 1999. APPENDI% D List of Narnes and Addresses~~of Property Owners within 3®® feet of Applicant's Property. APPENDIX E Legal Description of the Property in Map and Written Form by Metes and Bounds Traffec Impact Study Makalapua Business Center Queen Liliuokalani `t'rust 4Ceahuolu Lands Wilbur Smith /associates ®ecember 2000. A,I~PEi~!l~IX A T4I~APPIC IMPACT' ST°UD~' MAI~A~APUA P USII~~SS C~NT~Iz Q U~~N LILI UO NI T'P U?ST ~ I~A~I U®,~ U I~AIVDS Prepared for Pelt Collins ~Iavvaii Prepared lby ~r~~ ~ ~a December 18, 2000 TA~~~ o~ co~T~NT~ CHAPTER Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1 2. EXISTING CONDITIONS 2_ 1 Existing Roadway System 2_ 1 Existing Traffic Volumes 2_3 Existing Traffic Conditions 2_5 Methodology for Analyzing Levels of Service 2_$ Morning Intersection Conditions 2_g Afternoon Intersection Conditions 2_g 3. 2010 CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROJECT 3-1 Roadway Improvements 3-1 Traffic Growth Without the Project 3_2 Weekday Peak Hour Traffic Volumes 3-3 Traffic Conditions at Key Intersections 3-3 4. 2010 CONDITIONS WITH PROJECT 4-1 Project Description 4-1 Vehicle Trip Generation 4-2 Peak Hour Traffic Volumes 4-3 Traffic Conditions at Key Intersections 4-4 Potential Intersection Improvements 4-6 5. 2020 CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROJECT 5-1 Roadway Improvements 5-1 Traffic Growth Without the Project 5-1 Weekday Peak Hour Traffic Volumes 5-2 Traffic Conditions at Key Intersections 5-3 6. 2020 CONDITIONS WITH PROJECT 6-1 Project Description 6-1 Vehicle Trip Generation 6-1 Peak Hour Traffic Volumes 6-2 Traffic Conditions at Key Intersections 6-4 Potential Intersection Improvements 6-6 7. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7-1 339750 KALAP A BUSINESS CEN T IC IMPACT' STUDY WILE R SMI H ASSOCIATES Page I TABLE OF CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Follove~s 1-1 Location Map 1-1 2-1 Existing Roadway Lanes and Traffic Controls 2-1 2-2 1998 Morning Peak Hour Traffic 2-3 2-3 1998 Afternoon Peak Hour Traffic 2-3 3-1 2010 Morning Peak Hour Traffic Without Project 3-3 3-2 2010 Afternoon Peak Hour Traffic Without Project 3-3 4-1 2010 Morning Peak Hour Traffic With Project 4-3 4-2 2010 Afternoon Peak Hour Traffic With Project 4-3 5-1 2020 Morning Peak Hour Traffic Without Project 5_2 5-2 2020 Afternoon Peak Hour Traffic Without Project 5_2 6-1 2020 Morning Peak Hour Traffic With Project 6-2 6-2 2020 Afternoon Peak Hour Traffic With Project 6_2 TABULATIONS Table Page 2-1 Level of Service Criteria for Intersections with Traffic Signal Controls 2-7 2-2 Level of Service Criteria for Unsignalized Intersections 2_~ 2-3 Existing Weekday Traffic Conditions at Key Intersection 2_q 3-1 2010 Traffic Conditions at Key Intersections Without Project 3-5 4-1 Vehicle Trip Generation for Project Phase 1 4-3 4-2 2010 Peak Hour Traffic Increases With Project 4~4 4-3 2010 Traffic Conditions at Key Intersections With Project 4-5 5-1 2020 Traffic Conditions at Key Intersections Without Project 5-3 6-1 Vehicle Trip Generation for Project Phase 2 6_2 6-2 2020 Peak Hour Traffic Increases With Project Phases 1 and 2 6-3 6-3 2020 Traffic Conditions at Key Intersections With Project 6-5 339750 MAKAI.AP A USINESS CEN C IMPA T STUDY WILB R SM IN ASSOCIATES Page 2 Chapter 1 Il~TODUCTI01~1 The Queen Liliuokalani Trust is seeking to rezone the 100-acre expansion area adjoining the existing Kona Industrial Subdivision (KIS) for development as the Makalapua Business Center. The Makalapua Business Center site is proposed for reclassification from the present ML-1 a (limited industrial) to MCX to allow greater flexibility in future use of the area. The new development projects in the Project area are expected to be single-story business park/mall type of industrial-commercial developments. The development of the Project is expected to extend over a 20-year or longer time period. The site for the Makalapua Business Center is presently vacant land with the exception of a golf driving range operation adjacent to the intersection of Makala Boulevard and Kuakini Highway. The location of the Project area is depicted in Figure 1-l. The purpose of this study is to assess the traffic impacts of the planned development of the Project site with the change in zoning, which is referred to as the Project. The assessment of roadway traffic conditions extends through year 2020, the present planning horizon for Hawaii County transportation plans. An interim assessment is also provided for year 2010. The traffic assessment addresses the following: 1. The number of vehicle trips generated by the potential development in the Makalapua Business Center area. 2. The magnitude of the traffic increases in years 2010 and 2020 on the key roadway segments providing access to and circulation within the Project area. 3. Project impacts upon traffic conditions at the intersections near the Project site in years 2010 and 2020, which include: • Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Makala Boulevard • Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Kaiwi Street • Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Palani Road • Kuakini Highway and Palani Road • Makala Boulevard and Luhia Street. 1. Identification of any actions that may be appropriate to mitigate traffic impacts resulting from the development of the Project. The traffic assessment focuses on conditions during the morning and afternoon commute peak hours on a weekday in years in 2010 and 2020. 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS C T 'IC IMPA STUD !CHUB SMITH ASSOCIATES Page 1 - 1 Mo4KALAPUAa BUSI1~lESS CEfVYER 'i~?FFIC 1RAPACY STU®Y ~'~,~_.-r r ~ ~ ~ ~ `AGRICULTURAL ~.I .q ^Y~_ iF:-~ ~ - . ; ~ ~ iii ~y T\ t?~.. r f /l _F\,;.ti, / ~ = ~ - ~S - c:~''4f'~~'"y sue,-.._/"-~{ e i. :~'~~`qv~[~~^,v_\1 Y e~._~ 4 6111UOKLtIt& _ Sl ~ 1 / L~ "l l' .:f ice` - ~ \ .~1~^, S^3Cf,'~ _ r~,~,a ;=~+4.'_ . a.. ~&»ddr~~- URBAN iY ~ j ~ r.. ~ Ott' ! J ~Y ~ , \ ~ - ~ ^ 1y,T.T ~ . r if ~r~~~ ~ qr a~ ~ ~ .y~s.~ ~.._C,( 1 ~ ~A°i1.:iF~~L'taf} x~f~ g~.~• ''a ,a f Y~.d y+C~~.. ~ J J, .~-`r' k 1 .y. . 71@3G~SP~jI1~R.+,.,c." " ;o~`s,=~r~7e~i~ ` moo. m.., a~ f` `Y ~ g ~ I~ .oe£-~.'ti., we3 ~C.A~~ r~+ ,r^ '~1t ~ ~ ~ ti ' "C ~ ~ v~tr iA~I ~ l f 1':~ X11 L~"^-'` ~ \ f ~ i-^~ ~ 'r ± ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ Y a\ ~ ~~Y%~ E ~ lao . d.. c 722 ~ i~ ~ tl > URBAN e _ f ~ ~~r x r PHd1SE BI ~'lY`-'' ~ ~..s- s ~ r2~ ~l~-~~~ :PHASE IJ ~v"' ~ J". . t^~€' • -f }Ja r,,1~+~~ ~ ^l ~ ^ r . lam' r' ~ c _ w ~ ~exeko L - ~ ~.t ~ c { r,7 ~ ref e,° ~ -s~`~.£'s.~ PHASE ~ S i -t1s~ c ~ aloaarr- , ~ > -~~J t d~ h a'.a.~ _ '•~•.on. soi`j q; ~ c.nwr ~ -u~ ~ ~ ra- ~ S~~ / Va ~a a^,s i`"'~^`. ~iLS~. fr~OIVSERVATION...r_~ ` ~ t.. 1 u °v Q u r~: h2~_..i i`_ ~ ~I ~ J pgakalaPya i ~ 1 I s~ ~`!",F. i• auslnessCenter f-~ < \I i ` \ ~L" r~~ - +s~ 6~.3-' (formeAY re~err9d as m r ~ ~ z ; i.~~~~,~.'~..'°. ~ ; - i i Co~~ ~ ~ ~1 ^x . r.- ' KIS t 00 aae ~ t.. a h ~ -7" ~ ~ E~nsion Area) \ ~ tom, ~ ~ Y /`h i:•ii: i~ ~L ~ i ~ } ~ at v, ~"''rSI. -~y r•l ~~1 6,- `v.,, LEGEND , ~ r ~ '~.5 PIIIITTlD1,i Area proposed for `rw3 . ,~/'~`~„c ~ MCX rezoning 0 f200 2400'x;; ' ' r3- I~'0"I Lilfuokalani Trust ~,~1 Keahuolu Lands NORTH SCALE IN FEET Figure 1-1 Plt®.lE~ L~AYI®8~1 YVILBUR SNIiTii ASSOCIATES Chapter 2 ]EXISTING CONDITIONS The existing developed area of the Kona Industrial Subdivision occupies approximately 69 acres of land located along both sides of Kaiwi Street between Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Kuakini Highway. The existing development includes a mix of light industrial uses, including distribution companies, repair shops, public utilities, and business services. Also included within the area are commercial uses such as restaurants, offices, vehicle sales, and hardware stores. The site for the Makalapua Business Center is located along the north side of the existing developed area and includes lands on both sides of Makala Boulevard. The expansion area is vacant with the exception of a privately operated golf driving range and batting cage operation located on the northeast corner of the intersection of Makala Boulevard and Kuakini Highway. The Makalapua Center commercial area is located mauka of Queen Kaahumanu Highway opposite the Project parcel, with access provided by Makala Boulevard and Palani Road. At present, a Kmart with 120,000 squaze feet of floor area and a Liberty House with about 50,400 square feet of floor area have been opened within the Center. The commercial center of Kailua-Kona is located along Palani Road, Alii Drive, and Henry Street to the south of the Kona Industrial Subdivision. This area includes several shopping centers, and resort hotels and condominiums. Several vehicle dealers and small commercial uses front onto Kuakini Highway from Palani Road to the Kaiwi Street intersection. The West Hawaii News building and the Kona Bay Estates residential area are located along the section of Kaiwi Street makai of Kuakini Highway. The area along the makai side of Kuakini Highway north of Kaiwi Street is occupied by County recreational facilities, including playfields and a gymnasium. The motors vehicles licensing facility and the old airport runway aze located at the north end of existing Kuakini Highway, with the runway used as parking azeas for the playfields and for the adjacent beach azea. The lazge area north of the Project area is used by the Queen Liliuokalazu Trust for its children's programs. The azea is occupied by a few buildings to support these programs, and is accessed at the Luhia Street intersection with Makala Boulevard. EXISTING ROADWAY SYSTEM Regional access to the Project area is provided by Queen Kaahumanu Highway, Palani Road, Kuakini Highway, and Alii Drive. The present roadways providing circulation within the Project area are Makala Boulevard, Kuakini Highway, and Luhia Street. The numbers of lanes and type of intersection controls at the key intersections included within the study assessment are depicted in Figure 2-1. 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENT -'IC IMPACT STUDY WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES Page 2 - I T N o P ® ry j ~ W ~ ~ ~ V 6L Q ~ P !Ae t ' ~ V n v ~ ~ ~ ~ PALANI Rp ~\`SS ~ ~ ~ T ~ it P ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~Z ~ S ~ ~ ~ Y O' ~ ~ ~ a ~ 5 sJ, ASS ~ OA ~ ~ r ~ ~ Z _O Vl ~ [ C <<= C ~o ~ ~ ,~0~ Y ~ U N V d uZa ~ O Q O ~ u O O O m O ~ `O,Vi C O. Q ~ Q O / h ~ ~ ~ i ~ N td! O Q / ~ '~®P Q 3 EXISTING CONDITfONS Queen Kaahumanu Highway -This two-lane State highway serves as the main north-south route through the Kailua area. At present, Queen Kaahumanu Highway provides one through lane in each direction with separate left- and right-turn lanes at key intersections. The State Department of Transportation (State DOT) is planning to widen the section between the Palani Road area and the Airport to a four-lane divided highway. Makala Boulevard - An initial segment of Makala Boulevard has been constructed as a two- lane roadway that extends from Kuakini Highway to Makalapua Center. In the future, the road will be extended mauka and widened to four lanes as the adjacent areas are developed. At its intersection with Queen Kaahumanu Highway: • Queen Kaahumanu Highway provides separate left-turn, through, and right-turn lanes on both approaches; • Makala Boulevard provides alert-turn lane and a combination through/right-turn lane on each approach; • The intersection is controlled by atraffic-actuated, multi-phase traffic signal. Kaiwi Street -This two-lane street, with a continuous two-way center left-turn lane, provides the KIS area access to Queen Kaahumanu Highway and to Kuakini Highway. At its intersection with Queen Kaahumanu Highway: • Left turns from Kaiwi Street have been prohibited since the construction of Makala Boulevard, since that intersection provides a traffic signal-controlled location for the left-turn movement by traffic exiting the adjacent industrial area. • The northbound Queen Kaahumanu Highway approach provides a separate left-turn lane for vehicles traveling to the Kona Industrial Subdivision. Kuakini Highe~ay -This two-lane roadway provides north-south circulation for the areas of Kailua located makai of Queen Kaahumanu Highway. The roadway provides access to the Project site and existing Kona Industrial Subdivision from the Palani Road-Alii Drive intersection. Kuakini Highway presently ends just north of the intersection with Makala Boulevard, where it provides access to the old airport runway area. Makala Boulevard and Kuakini Highway serve as a secondary route for traffic traveling between the makai portion of Kailua and the section of Queen Kaahumanu Highway north of the study area, particularly during peak traffic hours when congested conditions may occur at the intersection of Queen Kaahumanu Highway with Palani Road. 339750 MAKAI.APUA $USINESS CENTER TRAF!''IC IMPACT ST DY W/LBUR SMITtI ASSOC/AYES Page 2 - 2 EXISTING CONDITIONS Palani Road - Mauka of Queen Kaahumanu Highway, Palani Road is a two-lane roadway that serves the residential areas mauka of Kailua. as well as providing a connection between Kailua- Kona and Nlamalahoa Highway. The makai segment is a four-lane divided roadway that serves the Kailua commercial area. Its intersections with Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Kuakini Highway/Alii Drive are controlled by atraffic-actuated, multi-phase traffic signal. Alii Drive -This two-lane roadway extends south from the Palani Road intersection to the Keauhou area and serves the hotels, commercial developments, and residential areas located along the shoreline. Luhia Street -This two-lane street connects Makala Boulevard to Kaiwi Street and the existing Kona Industrial Subdivision development. Since the left-turn movement from Kaiwi Street onto Queen Kaahumanu Highway is prohibited, northbound traffic from the Kona Industrial Subdivision uses this street to travel to the Makala Boulevard intersection with Queen Kaahumanu Highway, where the left-turn movement is permitted. EXISTING TRAFFIC VOLUMES Recent 24-hour machine counts of traffic were made by the State DOT at the intersection of Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Palani Road on October 6-7, 1998, and at the intersection of Palani Road with Kuakini Highway on October 5-6, 1998. The counts recorded weekday volumes as follows: Queen Kaahumanu Highway north of Palani Road 25,400 vehicles Queen Kaahumanu Highway south of Palani Road 19,700 Palani Road mauka of Queen Kaahumanu Highway 11,300 Palani Road makai of Queen Kaahumanu Highway 20,000 Palani Road mauka of Kuakini Highway 18,400 Alii Drive makai of Kuakini Highway 11,900 Kuakini Highway north of Palani Road 13,500 Kuakini Highway south of Palani Road 14,200 Wilbur Smith Associates conducted traffic turning movement counts at the study intersections along Queen Kaahumanu Highway during the peak commute periods on October 7, 1998, and at the other study intersections on February 18, 1999. The counts were made from 6:00 to 9:30 AM and 3:00 to 6:30 PM. The morning commute peak hour traffic generally began between 7:15 and 7:45 AM, while the afternoon commute peak hour traffic generally began around 3:45 PM within the Kona Industrial Subdivision streets and on Kuakini Highway, and 4:30 PM at the Queen Kaahumanu Highway intersections. 339750 MAKAl.A UA BUSINESS CENTER T AFFIC IMPACT STUDY WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES Page 2 - 3 ~ (V ~ ~ ~ N 4!° c. ~ ~ - ~ ~ H ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ m 6.l ~ rn 41 aC +6 ^v ~ ~ OSl ~ ~ 60l v rn ~ SL PALANI qp ~ ~ ~ I ~0 6Sl ~~5~ S6Z ~ ~ ~ Z9 L p~ SJ ~ 6l Z ~ N N u~ bZ l R ~ 6Ll-~ Il I Z ~ £0 t y ~ ~ O y EHO ST $ e,{ 6 ~•.T7. Y _ Z S ~Q ~ 0 m N ~ a as \ ~ ` _ Z \v11 ~ ~IC\ o cc ~ a ~ g 1 v ~ m BS ~~5~ p5V ` 06l I ~ ~ l `f~~ OVA/~ ~ 9LL ~ ~ lEL L6Z 95~~ °m ~ = co a f x w 0 ' 0 0 w ~ ~ U.! ~,/~~w ~9 bZ So Q r ~ G,I Z SL ~ R ~ h O6 ~ ~ ~ O Lg / ~ ~ ~ SL A~~g1.VD ~ ~ u°y ~ Q cy 96 M T u~ m OZl ~ ~ ~ 0 \ ~ \rl o C/~ °o ~ _J h V ~ c+~ t, CV ~ N Q v ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o' ~ N ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ FEZ say ~J ~ soe ~ P 09 86 ~ ~ 1 alA ~ ~ Nl 60 ~ SE tRA ~ v u~i ~ ~ ElZ S~ " co LSi pa-~~ H ZED ~ ~ _ ~ ZEE ~ bSt~ ~ ~ X0°7 ^~~°v ~ EHO ST 2 ~ Y d Y N ~6 J ~ A 7~ Q ~ ~ QQ ~4 ~~n L6Z ~ ~S ~ ~ ~ ~ Ep LOl - ~ ~ yj Q~~ ezz--~-~ J f(' ~s a e w a /rym V) 86 `h° s~ ~ of w 8 11 ~ M°0 C~ ~y O Q EXISTING CONDITIONS The traffic volumes at the key intersections are depicted in Figures 2-2 and 2-3 for the morning and afternoon analysis hours, respectively. In general, the highest one-hour volumes within these peak commute periods were used at each intersection, so the volumes at adjacent intersections may slightly differ. Morning Peak Hour On Queen Kaahumanu Highway, the highest northbound volume occurs on the segment between Palani Road and Kaiwi Street, with 1,006 vehicles. The highest southbound volume (717 vehicles) occurs north of the Makala Boulevazd intersection. High volumes of turning vehicles occurred for one or more movements at the Makala Boulevard, Kaiwi Street, and Palani Road intersections. At the Makala Boulevard intersection with Queen Kaahumanu I-lighway, the largest turning movement volumes occur between the north and makai legs, with about 200 vehicles turning in each direction. This traffic includes both vehicles traveling to/from the Kaiwi Street industrial area and areas further south in Kailua. The mauka leg of Makala Boulevard accommodates only _ as many vehicles as use the makai leg. The highest volume of turning vehicles along Queen Kaahumanu Highway occurs at Kaiwi Street, where over 300 vehicles turn left into Kaiwi Street, as well 135 vehicles turning right into Kaiwi Street and 190 turning right from Kaiwi Street. The two-way volumes along Kaiwi Street range between about 500 and 660 vehicles, with the higher volumes neaz Queen Kaahumanu Highway. In the morning peak hour, the traffic volumes along Palani Road are heaviest in the makai-bound direction into the Kailua commercial azeas. The highest volume occurs mauka of Queen Kaahumanu Highway with approximately 600 makai-bound and 400 mauka-bound vehicles. Traffic volumes along Kuakini Highway aze highest between Palani Road and Kaiwi Street. At the Kaiwi Street intersection, there is a high volume of vehicles turning right from northbound Kuakini Highway into the industrial subdivision, as well as a high volume of vehicles turning left from Kaiwi Street onto southbound Kuakini Highway. Afternoon Peak Hour The traffic volumes along Queen Kaahumanu Highway aze approximately 15 to 25% higher than in the morning peak hour. The southbound volumes in the afternoon peak hour range between 800 and 1,160 vehicles. Northbound volumes range between 540 and 840 vehicles. High volumes of both left- and right turns occur at the Makala Boulevard, Kaiwi Street, and Palani Road intersections in the afternoon peak hour. At the intersection of Makala Boulevazd with Queen Kaahumanu Highway, the highest volume turning movements are between the makai and north legs, as in the morning. However, the higher volume of trips to/from Makalapua Center increases the numbers of vehicles for the other movements to/from Makala Boulevard. 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CEN R TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES Page 2 - 4 EXISTING CONDITIONS The traffic volumes on Palani Road are highest in the segment makai of the Queen Kaahumanu Highway intersection with atwo-way volume of about 1,700 vehicles almost evenly balanced between traffic in the mauka-bound and makai-bound directions. At the intersection with Kuakini Highway and Alii Drive, there are high volumes of left- and right-turn vehicles on all four approaches, with about 50 to 60% of traffic on each approach turning at the intersection. Within the study area, traffic volumes on Kuakini Highway are highest between Palani Road and Kaiwi Street, with about 1,270 vehicles. There is a high volume of vehicles turning between the south leg of Kuakini Highway and Kaiwi Street in the afternoon peak hour. There is also a high volume of through traffic using Kuakini Highway and Makala Boulevard to travel between Kailua areas along or south of Palani Road and Queen Kaahumanu Highway north of the study area. A review of the afternoon peak hour counts indicates that approximately 100 or more northbound vehicles and 200 or more southbound vehicles were traveling through the area on this route in lieu of using Queen Kaahumanu Highway. The through traffic approximates 25% of the traffic on the highest volume segments of Kuakini Highway, and 50% of the traffic on the lower volume segment north of Kaiwi Street, as well as on the makai portion of Makala Boulevard. Afternoon traffic volumes are also higher than morning volumes along Kaiwi Street, with the increases ranging from about 30% near Queen Kaahumanu Highway to 80% .near Kuakini Highway. EXISTING TRAFFIC CONDITIONS Traffic conditions were analyzed for the key intersections for the weekday morning and afternoon peak traffic hours. Methodology for Analyzing Levels of Service The Transportation Research Board (TRB), a division of the National Science Foundation, has developed standazdized methods for use in evaluating the effectiveness and quality of service for roadways and streets. Different methodologies aze available for analyzing traffic signal-controlled intersections and other types of roadways. The TRB evaluation methods use concepts referred to asvolume-to-capacity ratio and level-of- service (LOS). The volume-to-capacity ratio (V/C) compares the existing or projected traffic volumes on a facility to the facility's theoretical capacity and, as such, indicates the relative adequacy of the facility to accommodate the traffic volumes. Capacity is estimated primarily from the facility's physical characteristics (e.g. number and widths of lanes), and to a lesser extent by the traffic characteristics (e.g. types of vehicles) and type of traffic controls. The level of service concept describes facility traffic conditions in terms of travel delays or travel speeds the service quality expressed on a letter basis from A to F, which signify excellent to unacceptable conditions, respectively. 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CEN TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES Page 2 - 5 EXISTING CONDITIONS Signal-Controlled Intersections--Traffic conditions at traffic signal-controlled intersections were evaluated using the Operations Analysis methodology described in the 1997 Highway Capacity Manual Update (1997 HC'A~1 Update) to the 1994 Highway Capacity Manual (1994 HCM) 2. The methodology calculates a ratio of actual or estimated peak hour traffic volumes to the theoretical capacity of the intersection. This volume-to-capacity ratio (V/C) reflects the physical characteristics of the intersection and the traffic characteristics, and is somewhat independent of the efficiency of the traffic signal phasing/timing. This ratio indicates the proportion of available capacity being used by traffic volumes and where there is unused capacity available for future traffic increases. With the 1997 HCM Update method, the level-of-service is based on the average delay per vehicle for the various movements within the intersection as a result of the traffic signal control. This total delay is the difference between the travel time experienced with the traffic signal and the reference travel time that would result under ideal conditions, in the absence of the traffic control and geometric delay. This delay, referred to as control delay, includes initial deceleration delay, stop delay, queue move-up delay, and final acceleration delay. Average delay time and level-of-service is estimated for the entire intersection, for each roadway approach, and for each traffic movement or lane group. A description of the criteria associated with LOS A through LOS F is provided in Table 2-1. In the assessment of traffic signal-controlled intersections, it is usually most appropriate to relate _ the adequacy of the geometric design features (such as numbers and use of lanes, lane widths, etc.) to the V/C. Delay and LOS are most relevant to assessing modifications to the traffic signal controls, since these are most directly related to the signal design features, such as cycle length, number and arrangement of phases, and allocation of green time. Unsignalized Intersections-At intersections with STOP sign controls, the level of service was calculated using the 1997 HCM procedures for intersections with STOP or YIELD signs. In this methodology, the six levels of service, A through F, are used to describe traffic conditions for those movements that must yield to other movements: • Left-turn out of the side street or driveway; • Through movement from the side street, • Right-turn out of the side street or driveway; and • Left-turn into the side street. Through vehicles on the major streets are not required to yield to other movements at two-way STOP controlled intersections. 1 1997 Highway Capacity Manual Update, Transportation Research Board, December 1997. 2 Highway Capacity Manual, Special Report 209, Transportation Research Board, Third Edition. 1994. 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY W/LBUR SMITH ASSOCIATE Page 2 - 6 " EXISTING CONDITIONS The general indicator of intersection delay is determined by calculating the one-hour capacity for each key movement, based on the conflicting traffic volumes, and then comparing the number of vehicles making that maneuver to the calculated capacity. The unused or "reserve" capacity for the movement is then used to identify a delay time and alevel-of-service for that movement. Unlike analysis at signalized intersections, an overall intersection level-of-service is not calculated, but alevel-of-service is calculated for each lane group subject to the STOP or YIELD condition. The level-of-service criteria for unsignalized intersections with STOP or YIELD controls are defined in Table 2-2. Table 2-I LEVEL-OF-SERVICE CRITERIA FOR INTERSECTIONS WITH TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL LOS Average Stopped Delay (seconds/vehicle) A <10.0 B 10.1 - 20.0 C 20.1 - 35.0 D 35.1 - 55.0 E 55.1 - 80.0 F > 80 Source: 1997 Highway Capacity Manual Update, Transportation Research Board, andChapter9, 1997. Table 2-2 LEVEL-OF-SERVICE CRITERIA FOR UNS IGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS LOS Average Stopped Delay (seconds/vehicle) A <10.0 B 10.1 - 15.0 C 15.1 - 25.0 D 25.1 - 35.0 E 35.1 - 50.0 F >50 Source: Highway Capacity Manual, Special Report 209, Transportation Research Board, Chapter 10, 1997. 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENTER T TC IMPACT STUDY W/GBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES Paget-7 EXISTING CONDiTION•S Morning Intersection Conditions Traffic conditions at the key intersections are summarized for the morning and afternoon peak hours in Table 2-2. Each of the intersections operates at acceptable levels of service in the morning peak hour. The traffic volumes at the intersection of Makala Boulevard with Queen Kaahumanu Highway use only about 48% of the estimated capacity of the existing intersection, which indicates there is unused capacity to accommodate substantial increases above the existing traffic volumes. The overall delay at the traffic signal averages 23.5 seconds per vehicle, equivalent to level-of-service (LOS) C. The actuated signal results in short cycle times and short delays to vehicles on the cross street (Makala Boulevard). Based on the traffic model analysis of existing conditions, the existing traffic volumes at the intersection of Palani Road with Queen Kaahumanu Highway approximate 78% of the estimated capacity of the existing intersection. The overall delay at the traffic signal is estimated at 39.7 seconds per vehicle, or LOS D conditions. The morning peak hour traffic at the intersection of Kuakini Highway with Palani Road and Alii Drive uses an estimated 59% of the calculated intersection capacity. Average vehicle delay is 26.8 seconds (LOS C). At the STOP sign-controlled intersections, each of the key traffic movements that must yield to the other traffic experience only short delays, as indicated by the LOS C or better conditions indicated for these movements. afternoon Intersection Conditions The intersection of Makala Boulevard with Queen Kaahumanu Highway operates at acceptable conditions in the afternoon, with the existing volumes amounting to 66% of the estimated intersection capacity. The estimated average delay of 38.4 seconds per vehicle is equivalent to LOS D, with the average vehicle delay affected by the much longer average cycle times in the afternoon as compared to the morning. At the intersection of Queen Kaahumanu Highway with Palani Road, the traffic volumes approximate 93% of the estimated capacity, based on the analyses using the HCM procedures. The model estimates of traffic delays at LOS E indicate unacceptable conditions for the peak traffic hour. Field observations during the October 1998 counts indicated that most of the waiting traffic clears the intersection with little delay, with the exception of southbound traffic on Queen Kaahumanu Highway. The southbound traffic experiences long delays at LOS F. Field observations during the 1999 WSA traffic counts, which did not include this intersection, indicated that a long queue of waiting southbound vehicles was present during most of the peak hour, with the queue extending at times to the Makala Boulevard intersection. 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENTER TRAFFI IMPACT STUD WlLBUR SMITH ASSOCIATE'S Page 2 - 8 _ EXISTING CONDITIONS Table 2-2 EXISTING CONDITIONS AT KEY INTERSECTIONS Intersection Morning Peak Hour Afternoon Peak Hour V/C ADPV LOS V/C ADPV LOS Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. & Makala Blvd. 0.48 23.5 C 0.66 38.4 D Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. & Kaiwi St. NB Left Turn 0.33 9.7 A 0.39 12.2 B EB Right Turn 0.33 13.4 B 1.28 171.6 F Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. & Palani Rd. 0.78 39.7 D 0.93 56.9 E Kuakini Hwy. & Palani Rd./Alii Dr. 0.59 26.8 C 0.92 42.8 D Kuakini Hwy. &Kaiwi St. WB Left Turn 0.41 17.4 C 1.09 109.5 F Kuakini Hwy. & Makala Blvd. 0.06 6.8 A 0.33 10.3 B Makala Blvd. & Luhia St. SB Left Turn 0 0 0.04 27.4 D EB Left Turn 0.01 7.5 A 0.01 7.9 A WB Left Turn 0.07 7.8 A 0.11 8.0 A V/C =Ratio of the traffic volume to the theoretical capacity of the intersection. ADPV =Average delay per vehicle, in seconds. LOS =Level of service. Wilbur Smith Associates; December 18, 2000 At the intersection of Kuakini Highway with Palani Road and Alii Drive, the afternoon peak hour traffic uses 92% of the estimated intersection capacity, with average delay of 42.8 seconds per vehicle (LOS D). These indicate acceptable operations at this intersection. However, field observations indicated that congested conditions for southbound traffic at Kuakini Highway intersections south of this intersection did occasionally stack traffic back to and interfere with southbound movement through this intersection. 339750 MAKAi.APUA BUSINESS R TRAI~'FIC IMPA STUDY ILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES Paget-9 EXISTING CONDITIOiJS At the Kaiwi Street intersection with Queen Kaahumanu Highway, the right-turn movement out of Kaiwi Street experiences long delays equivalent to LOS F, with the average delay for the right- turn movement calculated by the intersection model at over four minutes. The left-turn into Kaiwi Street averages 12.2 seconds (LOS B). Field observations confirmed that short periods occur with queues of up to 8 or 10 vehicles waiting to make the right-turn movement. However, the queues usually clear with the change in signal phases at the adjacent Queen Kaahumanu Highway intersection with Makala Boulevard, although the queue of southbound traffic along Queen Kaahumanu Highway often limited the number of vehicles that could turn right. The longest delays for the STOP sign-controlled intersections occurred for the vehicles turning left from makai-bound Kaiwi Street onto Kuakini Highway. The average delay during the afternoon peak hour was 109 seconds, or LOS F. Field observations co~rmed that queues of waiting vehicles did occur at times, with the queue extending up to 8 vehicles. The long delays occur from the combination of the high volume of vehicles turning left from Kaiwi Street and the volume of through traff c using Kuakini Highway as an alternative to traveling on Queen Kaahumanu Highway. The long delays to traffic turning left from westbound Kaiwi Street could be addressed by the installation of traffic signal controls at the intersection. Highway officials have adopted a series of "warrants" that govern consideration of a traffic signal at a location.3 If a location does not satisfy one or more of the warrants, a traffic signal is usually considered not appropriate at that location; if it satisfies one or more warrants, a traffic signal may be• considered as a potential action to improve operations or safety. The existing traffic volumes and conditions at the Kaiv~7 Street intersection with Kuakini Highway were assessed relative to two of the warrants: • V6/arrant #10 Peak Hour Delay The initial criteria for this warrant is that the minor street approach must experi- ence total delay of at least four vehicle hours for a single lane approach and five vehicle hours for atwo-lane approach, during the peak one-hour period. This warrant also places requirements regarding the peak hour volume on the minor street approach and the total number of vehicles entering the intersection in the peak hour. The requirements and forecast values for the afternoon peak hour aze as follows: Peak Hour Minimum Existing Satisfy Criteria Requirement Amount Requirement Minor Street Delay 4 hours 10.8 hours Yes Minor Street Volume 100 vehicles 396 vehicles Yes Total Intersection Volume 800 vehicles 1,586 vehicles Yes 3 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, U. S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1988. 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CEN I IMPACT STUDY WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES Page 2 - 10 EX[ST1NG CONDITIONS The forecast intersection conditions satisfy the minimum requirements of Warrant # 10 to permit installation of a traffic signal at this location. • Warrant #11 Peak Hour Volume For the number of lanes at this intersection and the afternoon peak hour volumes along Kuakini Highway, this warrant would require a minimum of 180 vehicles exiting Kaiwi Street in the peak hour. The westbound Kaiwi Street approach, with 396 vehicles in the afternoon peak hour, satisfies the minimum volume requirement. Based on the extent of the forecast traffic delays in the afternoon peak hour, and the satisfaction of both Warrants #10 and #11, a traffic signal would be permitted for the existing Kaiwi Street intersection. If a traffic signal were to be installed, the peak hour conditions with the existing traffic would be I as follows: Peak Hour V/C ADPV LOS Afternoon 0.65 19.8 B Most of the traffic turning left at the other STOP sign-controlled Makala Boulevard intersections experience only short delays, equivalent to LOS C conditions. However, the traffic turning left from westbound Makala Boulevard onto Luhia Street operates at LOS D conditions. 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY WlLBUR SMITH ASSOCIATE Page 2 - 1 l Chapter 3 2010 COl®TDITIOl®TS VVITI-IOUT TI~~ I'IaOJECT The year 2010 represents the first phase of development of the Makalapua Business Center. Forecast traffic volumes and conditions are presented for yeaz 2010 without the development of the Project area as a base from which to identify the incremental effects of the Project. ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS The State DOT is planning to widen Queen Kaahumanu Highway through the study area within the next several yeazs. The initial project, planned for completion by 2010, provides two through lanes in each direction from south of Henry Street to north of Keahole Airport. The Long Range Land Transportation P1anI includes the future extension of the widening project to Kawaihae. The State widening project is not expected to provide any additional turn lanes at the intersections within the study area. The Long Range Land Transportation Plan also includes the construction of a new Mid Level Road that would parallel Queen Kaahumanu Highway north of Palani Road through the study area. The Mid Level Road would extend north from the Henry Street intersection with Palani Road. The initial construction phase is planned as a two-lane roadway. However, the Long Range Land Transportation Plan indicates that funding is not expected to be available for the Mid Level Road by 2010. Therefore, the roadway may not be built unless the areas adjacent to the roadway alignment are developed, with the Mid Level Road constructed to provide access to these new developments. The development area immediately north of Palani Road is Queen Liliuokalani Trust land. Since the Trust does not expect to develop this area prior to year 2020, the Mid Level Road is not included in the roadway network for 2010. The segment of Kuakini Highway between Palani Road and Hualalai Road is also planned for widening by 2010. The widening project would provide two through lanes in each direction plus left-turn lanes to accommodate turns at cross-streets and driveways. At the intersection with Palani Road and Alii Highway, the project would also add a third lane on the makai-bound Palani Road approach to the intersection. As a separate project, the County plans to provide an additional lane on the southbound approach of Kuakini Highway at the Palani Road intersection. The additional lane would likely be used to provide aright-turn lane for the high volume of vehicles turning right onto Alii Drive. I Hawaii Long Range Land Transportation Plan, Draft Final Report, prepared for State Department of Transportation and County of Hawaii Department of Public Works and Planning Department, by Frederic R. Hams Inc., January 1998. 339750 APUA BUSINESS CEN7'!R IC IMPACT STUDY WILBUR ShIITH ASSOCIATES Page 3 - 1 ' 2010 CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROJECT The Queen Liliuokalani Trust plans to extend Eho Street to connect to Queen Kaahumanu Highway, with the intersection limited to right-turns into or out of Eho Street. The extension would be constructed in conjunction with the development of the adjacent parcels. The intersection would provide an additional connect from the Kona Industrial Subdivision to southbound Queen Kaahumanu Highway and should divert much of the traffic now turning right from Kaiwi Street onto Queen Kaahumanu Highway. TRAFFIC GROWTH WITI~OUT TIIE PROJECT The year 2010 traffic forecasts were developed from those made for the Long Range Land Transportation Plan Study. The general methodology used to estimate the weekday peak hour volumes was as follows: 1. The base year (1992) and forecast 2020 traffic volumes, as developed in the Long Range Land Transportation Plan Study, were identified for the major roadways or corridors at the periphery of or within the study azea. 2. Average annual growth rates were calculated for each roadway corridor for the period between the 1992 base year and 2020. 3. The average annual growth rates were applied to the 1998 peak hour volumes recorded in the field counts for this study to estimate the yeaz 2010 peak hour turning movements at each intersection in the study area. 4. The forecast volumes were adjusted as appropriate to balance the volumes at adjacent intersections. 5. The traffic volumes entering and exiting the mauka leg of the Makala Boulevazd with Queen Kaahumanu Highway were increased to reflect the continued development of the Makalapua Center retail area. 6. Based on the traffic patterns within the Kona Industrial Subdivision, approximately 40% of the vehicles now fuming right from Kaiwi Street onto Queen Kaahumanu Highway were rerouted via the new Eho Street connection. At buildout, the Makalapua Center retail area is planned to contain about 250,000 square feet of floor area. Based on standard trip generation factors,2 the full buildout of the retail uses would generate approximately 355 and 1,458 vehicle trip ends (origins and destinations) during the morning and afternoon peak hours, respectively. Driveway counts made at the same time as the intersection counts recorded the 1998 peak hour volumes for Kmart and Liberty House as: 2 Trip Generation. Sixth Edition, Institute of Transportation Engineers, 1997. 339750 MA APUA BUSIIYES T C IMPACT STUDY WILBUR M/TH ASSOCIATES Page 3 - 2 2010 CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROJECT Enter Exit Total Morning Peak Hour 103 63 166 Afternoon Peak Hour 266 241 507 Approximately one-half of the increase in vehicle trips between the 1998 counts and buildout of Makalapua Center was assumed to occur by 2010. The traffic movements on Makala Boulevard were increased to reflect the additional peak hour trips to/from the Makalapua Center retail uses, based on the continuation of the present circulation and traffic patterns in the area. WEEKDAY PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC VOLUMES The estimated year 2010 traffic volumes are depicted in Figures 3-1 and 3-2 for the morning and afternoon peak hours, respectively. The increases over the 1998 peak hour volumes are: Location Morning Afternoon Peak Hour Peak Hour Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. North of Makala Blvd. + 26.0% + 21.2% North of Palani Rd + 48.4% + 22.3% Palani Road Mauka of Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. +44.1 % + 41.4% Makai of Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. + 69.2% + 34.2% Makala Blvd. Makai of Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. + 15.8% + 13.1 Kuakini Hwy. North of Palani Rd. + 11.0% + 10.0% TRAFFIC CONDITIONS AT KEY INTERSECTIONS The year 2010 traffic conditions for the weekday morning and afternoon peak hours at each of the key intersections within the study area are summarized in Table 3-1. Queen Kaahurnanu highway-Makala Boulevard Acceptable traffic conditions are forecast at this intersection during both peak hours with the planned widening of Queen Kaahumanu Highway. The afternoon peak hour traffic volumes would utilize 63% of the intersection capacity, slightly less than existing conditions with the two-lane roadway, with operating conditions at LOS D. Queen Kaahumanu highway-Kaivvi Street Conditions for the vehicles fuming left or right at this intersection would remain similar to or improve from existing conditions due to the widening of Queen Kaahumanu Highway and the planned Eho Street connection. 339750 APUA HUSINESS TRAF 7C A STUD WILBUR SM H ASSO !AYES Page3-3 ~ V ° 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ N i09 Q LL ~ o ~ ~ o~ 6J ~ ~ ~ ~ Q OOZ ~ ~C 08 t N co ~ I 09 ~ T , ) I ( OOZ ~ ~ ~ OZ-~ ~ I ~ PALANI qp AAAGGG y OOZ p~\\~ SE4 i ~ H Ol E 1 0~~ SZ l Ai! W co N SZZ Sll ~ 6A ~ nr~im ffi ~ ~ ~ ~ Q ~ ZL EHO ST z ~ T~ m o 04+ ~ a ¢ c~ ~ ~ s~ ~ = a ~ J N ~ J Q m f7 ~ ~ S! ~\St Off`/~ cow `s+i O T~ ~ ~i = u' z w O 0 N O O h ~ N / S f/~ S S£ ~ ° h ~ CJ SbZ gZ 0 OOl ~ Q 09 ~ ~ ~ Ol[ g~VO SE u~i ~ ~ ~N O O ~ ~ O ~ m _J N V °o ~ M ~ 1 N N ~ ® ~ ~ a V u" ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ N ~ ~ ~ OLE ~ S= ~ ~ ~ 09b o roo in ~ ~ o ~~t! OZE N N Sb ~ ~ I ~ ~ 09Z ~~5 ~ PALANf RD ~ O6-~ SBL P~ V OEb-~ ~ ~ ~ H Obl~ o00 081 R ~ N `n° c S6E-~ I I V8 ~ ^~mN ~ eQ O y+ .d ~OEZ EHO ST 2 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ °v 5oZ2 ~ N N ~ o~~~ a a J SLZ 0`` T~ ~ ~ s $ W O N R N O v/ h ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ® ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ SBL ry h h Q S@ ~ e~~0[ OLE~ ~ ~ ~ SL L ~ fi ~ L0~' ~B~VD Ob ~ c~i $ Q / Mp y SZ£ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ bhC CL m 3J_ 2010 CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROJECT For the traffic turning left from northbound Queen Kaahumanu Highway, the net result is forecast to result in slightly longer delays, as compazed to the model's estimate of existing conditions. In the morning peak hour, the average delay per vehicle would increase to 11.3 seconds (LOS B) versus 9.7 seconds (LOS A) for existing conditions. In the afternoon peak hour, conditions for the left-turn movement from Queen Kaahumanu Highway would increase to 16.5 seconds delay per vehicle, but remain at very acceptable levels (LOS C). The widening of Queen Kaahumanu Highway and the Eho Street extension would greatly improve conditions for the right-turn movement out of Kaiwi Street in both peak hours as compared to existing conditions. With two southbound through lanes, fewer vehicles would be using the outside lane, thus increasing the number and length of gaps in the traffic flow in that lane and reducing the time that vehicles must wait to turn onto Queen Kaahumanu Highway. With the widening project and the diversion of traffic to Eho Street, the afternoon peak hour conditions for vehicles turning right from Kaiwi Street are forecast to improve to LOS C in 2010. Queen Kaahuananu Highway-Eho Street Extension In the afternoon peak hour, the vehicles turning right from Eho Street are forecast to experience delays at LOS D. The afternoon conditions aze slightly worse for the Eho Street traffic than at Kaiwi Street, since there is a higher traffic volume along Queen Kaahumanu Highway at Eho Street due to the addition of the southbound traffic from Kaiwi Street. Queen Kaahuirnanu Highway-Palani Road With the widening of Queen Kaahumanu Highway to four lanes, the 2010 conditions are forecast to be similar to or better than existing conditions. The afternoon peak hour traffic is forecast to use slightly less (89%) of the increased intersection capacity than existing traffic (93%). However the average vehicle delay is forecast to remain at LOS E based on the continuation of the present long cycle lengths and complex signal phasing. Actual traffic volumes and conditions should be monitored after the completion of the widening project to determine if a more efficient signal phasing and timing would be appropriate. Kuakini Highway-Palani Itoad/Alii Drive The additional lanes planned with the Kuakini Highway roadway-widening project is forecast to provide traffic conditions in year 2010 better than existing conditions. In the afternoon peak hour, the 2010 traffic would use an estimated 65% of intersection capacity, versus 92% at present, with operating conditions projected to improve from LOS D to LOS C. Makala Boulevard Intersections with Luhia Street The conditions for vehicles turning left from the STOP sign-controlled approaches would remain at very acceptable LOS A with the forecast low volumes of traffic for these movements. The vehicles turning left from westbound Makala Boulevard onto Luhia Street would continue to experience delays equivalent to LOS D. 339750 MAKALA A BUSINESS T C IMPACT STUDY ILBUR MITH ASSOCIATES Page 3 - 4 2010 CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROJECT Kuakini Highway-Kaiwi Street With STOP sign control of this intersection, the traffic turning left from westbound Kaiwi Street in the afternoon peak hour would experience extremely long delays (LOS F) due to the increased through traffic along Kuakini Highway. If traffic signal controls were to be installed at the intersection, the forecast traffic volumes in the afternoon peak hour would approximate 72% of capacity with the existing lanes, with average delay estimated at LOS C. 339750 MA P A S S C IMPACT STUDY WILBUR SM H ASS !AT Page 3 - 5 2010 CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROJECT Table 3-1 2010 CONDITIONS AT KEY INTERSECTIONS WITHOUT PROJECT Intersection 1dlorning Peak Hour Afternoon Peak Hour V/C ADPV LOS V/C AIDPV LOS Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. & Makala Blvd. 0.36 20.3 C 0.63 45.9 D Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. & Kaiwi St. NB Left Turn 0.42 11.3 B 0.53 16.5 C EB Right Turn 0.22 11.6 B 0.61 22.8 C Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. & Eho St. EB Right Turn 0.11 11.1 B 0.63 29.2 D Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. & Palani Rd. 0.83 58.5 E 0.89 73.3 E Kuakini Hwy. & Palani Rd./Alii Dr. 0.53 25.9 C 0.65 32.0 C Kuakini Hwy. & Kaiwi St. WB Left Turn 0.58 24.9 C 1.49 272.8 F Kuakini Hwy. & Makala Blvd. 0.07 6.9 A 0.40 11.3 B Makala Blvd. ~i Luhia St. SB Left Turn 0 0 0.07 30.9 D EB Left Turn 0.01 7.5 A 0.01 8.0 A WB Left Turn 0.09 7.8 A 0.12 8.1 A V/C = Ratio of the traffic volume to the theoretical capacity of the intersection. ADPV = Average delay per vehicle, in seconds. LOS =Level of service. * V/C is not calculated for intersections with STOP sign controls. Wilbur Smith Associates; December 18, 2000 339750 APUA BUSINESS T i IMPACT STUDY W LB R SMITH ASSOCIATES Page3-6 Chapter ~ X010 CONDITIONS WITH THE PROJECT The 2010 traffic assessment with the Project reflects the partial development of the Makalapua Business Center. The traffic forecasts and conditions also reflect the non-Project traffic increases and planned roadway improvements presented in Chapter 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The initial development in the Makalapua Business Center is expected to include the parcels located between Luhia Street and Queen Kaahumanu Highway, and in a strip located along the northern edge of the existing KIS development. Roadway improvements would be made in conjunction with the development of the Makalapua Business Center. For the purposes of the traffic study, the parcels in the Project area have been aggregatedinto 4 traffic analysis zones (TAZ), as discussed in the following section. Land Uses The strip of the Makalapua Business Center land adjacent to the northern boundary of the existing KIS (TAZ 1) is planned for development with light industrial uses. Approximately 50,400 square feet of floor area is anticipated in this 18-acre area. TAZ 2 encompasses the area between Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Luhia Street, extending from the existing KIS area to Makala Boulevard. Light industrial uses are anticipated for the 4.5- acre portion of TAZ 2 located closest to the existing KIS. The development within this area is estimated as 25,200 square feet of floor area. The larger 6.7-acre portion of TAZ 2, with the higher visibility of its location adjacent to the intersection of Makala Boulevard with Luhia Street, is expected to develop with commercial/light industrial uses similar to the existing uses within the KIS. The likely potential use is a wholesale lumber/building supplies business. About 37,SOO~squaze feet of development is estimated for this pazcel. The 5-acre parcel north of Makala Boulevard between Luhia Street and Queen Kaahumanu Highway, identified as TAZ 3, is assumed to develop with specialty retail uses, such as automotive parts sales businesses. About 32,000 square feet of floor area is estimated for this pazcel. 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CEN R T 'IC IMPACT STUDY W/LBUR SM ASSOCIATES Page 4 - 1 ?010 CONDITIONS WITH THE PROJECT Roadway Modifications Roadway improvements are planned within the Makalapua Business Center as the area develops. The major planned improvement is the widening of Makala Boulevard between Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Kuakini Highway to a four-lane roadway with turn lanes provided at cross streets and major driveways. The widening would be made incrementally, with each segment being widened as development occurs on the adjacent parcels. As part of the Phase 1 (2010) development, the roadway would be widened between Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Luhia Street. The Makala Boulevard widening is assumed to include the following: • Three lanes would be provided on the mauka-bound approach to Queen Kaahumanu Highway with the lanes striped as a left-turn lane, a single through lane, and aright- turn lane. • The makai-bound approach to Luhia Street would be striped to provide alert-turn lane, a single through lane, and aright-turn lane. • Mid-block driveway connections would be allowed to Makala Boulevard between Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Luhia Street, with the driveways restricted to right turns into or out of the driveways (no left turns). A new Service Road would be constructed along the northern boundary of TAZ 1 to provide access to the new light industrial uses. VEIIICLE TRIP GENERATION For the Makalapua Business Center, the traffic generation for the new development was based on the following: • The ITE trip rates for general light industrial uses (Land Use category 110) were used for the light industrial uses planned for TAZ 1 and TAZ 2. • The ITE trip rates for a Building Materials and Lumber Store (Land Use category 812) were used for the 6.7-acre parcel in TAZ 2. • The ITE trip rates for Automobile Parts Sales (Land Use category 843) were used for the businesses in TAZ 3. The resultant numbers of additional vehicle trips generated in the Phase 1 Project area are summarized in Table 4-1. The trip rates and trip estimates for each of the traffic zones are listed in Appendix Table B-2. 339750 MAKALAP A BUSINESS CEN TR C IMPACT STUDY WILBUR SMITH ASS CIATES Page 4 - 2 2010 CONDITIONS WITH THE PROJECT For the Phase t Project, a total of 239 vehicle trips would be made during the morning peak hour to or from the parcels included within the development. In the afternoon peak hour, a total of 417 vehicle trips would enter or exit the new developments. Table 4-1 VEHICLE TRIP GENERATION FORPROJECT PHASE 1(2010) Morning Afternoon Zone Land Use Quantit Peak Hour Peak Hour Daily Y In Out In Out 1 Light Industrial 50.4 TSF 38 8 6 43 351 2 Light Industrial 25.2 TSF 19 4 3 22 176 2 Lumber Wholesales 37.5 TSF 66 33 71 80 1,489 3 Auto Parts Sales 32 TSF 42 28 96 96 1,981 TOTALS 166 73 176 241 3,996 TSF =Thousands of square feet of building floor area. Wilbur Smith Associates; November 21, 2000 PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC VOLUMES The directional distribution and routing of the Project trips was based on the traffic patterns in the study area. The traffic volumes during the 2010 weekday morning and afternoon peak hours are depicted in Figures 4-1 and 4-2, respectively. The estimated increases in peak hour traffic volumes and the percentage increase as a result of the Project aze listed in Table 4-2. The largest numerical and percentage traffic increases would occur on the section of Makala Boulevard makai of Queen Kaahumanu Highway. The development would increase traffic volumes on this segment by about 21 % and 24% in the morning and afternoon peak hours, respectively. Traffic volumes on Kaiwi Street between Luhia Street and Queen Kaahumanu Highway are estimated to increase by 2% in the morning peak hour and 1 % in the afternoon peak hour. Most of the Project traffic would likely use Makala Boulevard to access Queen Kaahumanu Highway due to the right-turn lane and traffic signal at Makala Boulevard, and the comparatively longer traffic delays at the Kaiwi Street intersection. Traffic volumes along Queen Kaahumanu Highway near the Project site aze forecast to increase between 3 and 4% in the morning peak hour as a result of the Phase 1 development, and between 3 and 5% in the afternoon peak hour. 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENTER T 'I IMPACT STUDY WI UR SMITH ASSOCIATES Page 4 - 3 0 ~p by d' ~ r ~ 9~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ® ~ V ~ o ~ ~ g ~ V ~ ~ ~ OOZ ~ ~ ^ N ~ g.e ~g J I 09 ~ OZ~/ PALANI RD r ~ OOZ ~~g~ ~ ~ Zbb-~ ~ ~ ~ l~ blZ P~' ~ ~ ore o o sz r. ~ 7 N sZZ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ o W ~ z~ ~ EHO ST Z a ~ N v o p6 ~ y 5~~~ OS O` Q Q C~ = Q J J a ~ m v° a s~ sb ~ o~ oq ~ N r ~ 3 S 2 YYY O W 0 ~ a pv0 ~a~D N,/~ ~i ~ ~ ~ F~~-~ ~ R9~ / ° ~n Q 9g .6C ~ 0 60l ~ 0 os ~ 1' ~ oil B~vo S£ ~ ~ ~ q B~ ~A~1A ~ ~ n Q 6 ~ a CC OD J_ R~~~ ® u s ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ N ~ W ~ ~ ~ m V ~ s ~ V V ~ N ~ ^ ~ O l E ~ ~ ~-09b orn~ ~ ~ OZE c~v r°~ ° f~ \I' Sb ~ ~ T I/,g ~ I ~ 09Z ~ ~ OEb~~ ~ I I FALANI qp lOZ P~' tJ ~ o o N SEZ--~ ~ ~J Q 9,G4 N w v S6E-~ I I(, ~ LIZ o•po q~ N ~ N Of O ~ 0£Z EHO ST Z ~ s ~ Q ~ ~ ' 63 o go2 lV r ~ y2 = S ~~ii J t~ C7 Q ~ ~ O~ E9z 2~~ T~ ~ ~1 3 ~ ~ o i' x s 6£ ~2 p o 0 w v O ~ ~ w ~ N ~ ~ CD 0~ ~ SSE p~ 5EE ~ ~ ~ ~ S~~ ~ ~ OZZ gIVD ob ~ o ~ b8~ 9y MP~'~ ~ ° Q I~ O b ~ ry ~ m J_ ?010 COND[TIONS W1TH THE PROJECT Table 4-2 TRAFFIC INCREASES IN 2010 WITH PROJECT PHASE 1 Morning Peak Hour Afternoon Peak Hour Location Without Project Percent Without Project Percent Project Increase Increase Project Increase Increase Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. South of Palani Rd. 1,545 ~8 3.8 2,050 90 4.3 Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. North of Palani Rd. 1,985 58 3.0 2,525 120 4.7 Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. North of Makala Blvd. 2,035 62 3.0 2,495 92 3.6 Kuakini Hwy. North of Palani Rd. 900 98 10.8 1,400 140 10.0 Kaiwi St. East of Luhia St. 683 18 2.6 715 10 1.4 Makala Blvd. East of Luhia St. 535 116 21.7 1,015 243 23.9 Wilbur Smith Associates; December 18, 2000 TRAFFIC CONDITIONS AT KEY INTERSECTIONS Traffic conditions for the morning and afternoon peak hours with the Project traffic are summarized for the key intersections in Table 4-3. The table presents the overall conditions for each intersection, with the difference in the values as compared to Table 3-1 representing the incremental impact of the Project traffic. The intersection conditions in Table 4-3 do not reflect the potential improvement actions discussed at these locations in Chapter 3. Queen Kaahumanu Highway-Makala Boulevard Acceptable traffic conditions are forecast at this intersection during both peak hours with the Phase 1 Project traffic. The afternoon peak hour traffic volumes would utilize 71 % of the intersection capacity, versus 63% without the Project. Traffic conditions would be at LOS C and LOS D in the morning and afternoon peak hours, respectively, with or without the Project traffic. Queen Kaahumanu Highway-Kaidvi Street 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY WILBUR SM H ASSOCIATES Page 4 - 4 2010 CONDITIONS WITH THE PROJECT Although little Project traffic would be likely to use Kaiwi Street, the Projects increase in through traffic on Queen Kaahumanu Highway would worsen conditions for traffic exiting Kaiwi Street in the afternoon peak hour. The Project traffic is estimated to increase the average delays for the vehicles turning right onto Queen Kaahumanu Highway to LOS D, from LOS C without the Project. This is an acceptable condition for STOP sign controls in the peak traffic period. Table 4-3 2010 CONDITIONS AT KEY INTERSECTIONS WITH PROJECT Intersection Morning Peak hour Afternoon Peak Hour V/C ADPV LOS V/C ADPV LOS Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. & Makala Blvd. 0.38 21.7 C 0.71 51.1 D Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. & Kaiwi St. NB Left Turn 0.44 11.7 B 0.55 17.5 C EB Right Turn 0.23 11.8 B 0.65 25.0 D Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. & Eho St. EB Right Turn 0.36 11.3 B 0.66 30.4 D Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. & Palani Rd. 0.86 63.0 E 0.91 74.6 E _ Kuakini Hwy. & Palani Rd./Alii Dr. 0.55 26.3 C 0.67 32.9 C Kuakini Hwy. &Kaiwi St. WB Left Turn 0.61 28.5 D 1.90 458.4 F Kuakini Hwy. & New Service Rd. 0.03 11.8 B 0.17 22.5 C Kuakini Hwy. & Makala Blvd. 0.08 6.9 A 0.50 13.6 B Makala Blvd. & Luhia St. SB Left Turn 0.10 23.5 C 1.62 468.4 F EB Left Turn 0.02 7.6 A 0.04 8.3 A WB Left Turn 0.13 8.0 A 0.16 8.3 A V/C = Ratio of the traffic volume to the theoretical capacity of the intersection. ADPV =Average delay per vehicle, in seconds. LOS =Level of service. Wilbur Smith Associates; December 18, 2000 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENTER T 'IC IMPACT STUDY WJLBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES Page 4 - 5 _ 2010 CONDITIONS WITH THE PROJECT Queen Kaahumanu Highway-Eho Street Acceptable LOS D traffic conditions are forecast in the afternoon peak hour at this intersection without or with the Project. Queen Kaahumanu Highway-Palani Road With the Phase 1 Project, the increased traffic in the morning peak hour would use 86% of the intersection capacity, versus 83% without the Project. Conditions would be at LOS E with or without the Project. The afternoon peak hour conditions are forecast to worsen slightly, to 91 of capacity from 89% without the Project. Traffic delays at the intersection are forecast at LOS E with or without the Project. The Project traffic is not forecast to significantly worsen intersection conditions and thus no mitigation appears necessary. Kuakini Highdvay-Palani Road/Alii Drive The additional lanes planned with the Kuakini Highway roadway project is forecast to provide acceptable traffic conditions similar to or better than existing conditions. In the afternoon peak hour, the forecast traffic would use an estimated 67% of intersection capacity, versus 92% at present and 65% without the Project. Makala Boulevard Intersection with Luhia Street With the existing STOP sign control, the conditions for vehicles turning left from the southbound Luhia Street approach aze forecast to experience long delays (LOS F) with the forecast volumes for the Phase 1 Project. The forecast traffic volumes and conditions at.this intersection merit the consideration of improvements for year 2010. Kuakini Highway-New Service Road STOP sign control would be sufficient for forecast traffic volumes exiting from the Service Road onto Kuakini Highway, with afternoon peak hour conditions forecast at LOS D. Kuakini Highevay-Kaivvi Street With STOP sign control of this intersection, the traffic turning left from westbound Kaiwi Street in the afternoon peak hour would experience extremely long delays (LOS F) both with and without the Project. As noted in the preceding chapters, the installation of a traffic signal would be appropriate for existing conditions, as well as 2010 with or without the Project. If traffic signal controls were to be installed at the intersection, the forecast traffic volumes in the afternoon peak hour would approximate 75% of capacity with the existing lanes, with average delay estimated at LOS C. POTENTIAL INTERSECTION IMPROVEMENTS 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENT7rR T C IMPACT STUDY W/LBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES Page 4 - 6 2010 CONDITIONS W1TH THE PROJECT Potential improvement actions were considered for the intersection of Makala Boulevard and Luhia Street, where the Project is expected to significantly contribute to the problem conditions forecast for 2010. Makala Boulevard-Luhia Street Intersection The long delays to traffic turning left from southbound Luhia Street could be addressed by the installation of traffic signal controls at the intersection. The forecast traffic volumes and conditions at the Luhia Street intersection with Makala Boulevard were assessed relative to two of the warrants to permit installation of traffic signal controls: • Warrant #10 Peak flour Delay The initial criteria for this warrant is that the minor street approach must experi- ence total delay of at least four vehicle hours for a single lane approach and five vehicle hours for atwo-lane approach, during the peak one-hour period. This warrant also places requirements regazding the peak hour volume on the minor street approach and the total number of vehicles entering the intersection in the peak hour. The requirements and forecast values for the afternoon peak hour are as follows: Peak Dour Minimum Existing Satisfy Criteria Requirement Amount Requirement Minor Street Delay 5 hours 16.9 hours Yes Minor Street Volume 100 vehicles 106 vehicles Yes Total Intersection Volume 800 vehicles 1,364 vehicles Yes The forecast intersection conditions satisfy the minimum requirements of Warrant # 10 to permit installation of a traffic signal at this location. • Warrant #11 Peak Dour Volume For the number of lanes at this intersection and the afternoon peak hour volumes along Makala Boulevazd, this warrant would require a minimum of 250 vehicles exiting Luhia Street in the peak hour. The southbound Luhia Street approach, with 106 vehicles in the afternoon peak hour, does not satisfy the minimum volume requirement. The northbound approach would satisfy the requirement, but most of the vehicles are turning right and little delay is experienced on this approach. Based on the extent of the forecast traffic delays in the afternoon peak hour, and the satisfaction of Warrant #10, a traffic signal may be appropriate for the Luhia Street intersection once the development is constructed on the northeast corner of the intersection. 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY W/LBUR SM/TH ASSOCIATES Page 4 - 7 _ _ _ X010 CONDITIONS WITH THE PROTECT It is recommended that traffic detectors and underground conduit be installed at the time that Makala Boulevard is widened as part of the Project. Once the northeast corner development is completed, periodic traffic surveys should be conducted to determine if and when a traffic signal should be installed to provide acceptable conditions for traffic exiting Luhia Street. If a traffic signal is installed, the peak hour conditions with the forecast 2010 traffic would be as follows: Peak )Flour V/C ADPV LOS Morning p.2p 28.8 C Afternoon 0.31 31.3 C 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY WTLBUR SM/TH ASSOCIATES Page 4 - 8 ~ Cursor will: Zoom In ~ Select Pro erty ~ , ~ ` _ r 1 \ \ ~ '~i` f s ~G. ~ a'~,. ~ ~ A,. + .f ~W fit W +r~. '~}'v f~ _ .`+`ti ~ `3 r cc< R;,: ~ , ~ , i~ - h .vas" ~ r`Y - -~~~f~ - u., w. •.>i: n , n .;',-k ~ .ice .r~~Y~,~ _ p~ r+ ~'Kr_Y..y.Y.,. vwr ..rr•-rr- ~j::f:::rj. Y# yy~~.a~.. ~~.f: .,-.,.w~~ i°w ~.ff~~ i'~ -'~st ~~[-7~E~p~ t~+:; :.f: 4:. p~M~R~~~F£y,~: _ 7;,~;t , .~afS.f t M¢ i ~ k. a t ~ } _ ~t x~°~{": ~i. `~"+.'~F;'ij+ z+:T:ir.e- -~9.tw~ ~ ~I~~• Y qv ~1i~~~ ~$°~~+~.ot~. p~ `r~,~$~~•+.c~/~ u ~ r' APt'ttf 4 .<..~•~A,,. lam' ~ `f y~. ~•`k. • Chapter S 2020 CONDITONS WITI~OUT TIE PROJECT The year 2020 represents present horizon year for the planning of transportation improvements for Hawaii County. Most of the development within the Makalapua Business Center is expected to be completed by 2020. Forecast traffic volumes and conditions are presented for year 2020 with the present development within the Project area as a base from which to identify the incremental effects of the Project. ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS The 2020 roadway network includes the planned widening projects for Queen Kaahumanu Highway, from south of Palani Road to the Airport area or beyond, and for Kuakini Highway, from the Palani Road intersection to Hualalai Road, as described for 2010 in Chapter 3. Within the Kona Industrial Subdivision, the extension of Eho Street to connect to Queen Kaahumanu Highway is included in the conditions without the Makalapua Business Center Project. No other major roadway improvements are included for the study area roadways for 2020. The Long Range Land Transportation Plan includes the construction of a new Mid Level Road that would parallel Queen Kaahumanu Highway north of Palani Road. The Mid Level Road would extend north from the Henry Street intersection with Palani Road and divert some of the traffic that would otherwise use Queen Kaahumanu Highway. However, the Long Range Land Transportation Plan indicates that funding is not expected to be available for the Mid Level Road by 2020. Therefore, the roadway may not be built unless the areas adjacent to the roadway alignment are developed, with the Mid Level Road constructed to provide access to these new developments. The development areas immediately north of Palani 'Road are Queen Liliuokalani Trust lands. Since the Trust does not expect to develop this area prior to year 2020, the Mid Level Road is not included in the roadway network for this study. TRAFFIC GROWTII WIT~IOUT T;FIE PROJECT The year 2020 traffic forecasts were developed from those made for the Long Range Land Transportation Plan Study using the same procedure used for year 2010. The general methodology used to estimate the weekday peak hour volumes was as follows: 1. The base year (1992) and forecast 2020 traffic volumes, as developed in the Long Range Land Transportation Plan Study, were identified for the major roadways or corridors at the periphery of or within the study area. 2. Average annual growth rates were calculated for each roadway corridor for the period between the 1992 base year and 2020. 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENTER TRAFH"IC IMPACT STUD WILBUR SMITHASSOClA ES Page 5 - 1 20?0 CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROJECT 3. The average annual growth rates were applied to the 1998 peak hour volumes recorded in the field counts for this study to estimate the year 2020 peak hour turning movements at each intersection in the study area. 4. The forecast volumes ~~vere adjusted as appropriate to balance the volumes at adjacent intersections. 5. The traffic volumes entering and exiting the mauka leg of the Makala Boulevard with Queen Kaahumanu Highway was increased to reflect the buildout of the Makalapua Center retail area. At buildout, the Makalapua Center retail area is planned to contain about 250,000 square feet of floor area. Based on standard trip generation factors, t the full buildout of the retail uses would generate approximately 355 and 1,458 vehicle trip ends (origins and destinations) during the morning and afternoon peak hours, respectively. In comparison, driveway counts made at the same time as the intersection counts recorded existing traffic generation for Kmart and Liberty House as totaling 166 and 507 vehicle trip ends in the morning and afternoon peak hours, respectively. The traffic movements on Makala Boulevard were increased to reflect the projected increase in peak hour trips with buildout of the Makalapua Center retail uses by 2020. The additional trips to/from Makalapua Center were assigned to the roadway network based on the continuation of the present traffic patterns in the area. WEEKDAY PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC VOLUMES The estimated year 2020 traffic volumes are depicted in Figures 5-1 and 5-2 for the morning and afternoon peak hours, respectively. The increase over the 1998 peak hour volumes are estimated as follows: Location Morning Afternoon Peak Hour Peak Hour Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. North of Makala Blvd. + 48.9% + 58.0% North of. Palani Rd + 48.5% + 46.8% Palani Road Mauka of. Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. +108.3% + 117.0% Makai of Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. + 74.6% + 70.4% Makala Blvd. Makai of Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. + 27.7% + 21.1 Kuakini Hwy. North of Palani Rd. + 19.6% + 19.4% I Trip Generation. Sixth Edition, Institute of Transportation Engineers, 1997. 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY WILBUR SMITH A SOCIATES Pages-2 ~ V o H ~ ~ h U ~ ~ ~ Q ~ ~ ~ ~ o ° o 9m SEZ o o ~ ~ ~ S6l m N w ~ SL ObZ 5 9® pb_~1 PALANI RD ~ ObZ P~'\ t ~ V OZ9--~ ~ ~ ~ d` ~ H O6E~ ~ o o SZL ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ c N O~Z-~ ~ SZ! o o ~ ~ ^ ~eenn ~ V r g ~ ~ 08 EHO 5T ? ~ ~ T~ ~ o~ ~ ~ o~ ~ 0 0 ~~~1~\~ na. ~1 ~g O q ~ ~ O > ~n ~n ~ ^ rn S a z w 0 r ~ N /O o N ~ D~ Lu s'~ o ~ p9Z ~ fy ~p OLl ~ ~ ~ p ~ ~ry pSt y ~ ~ 0~ ~ 00 ~ o ~ 00 J_ CA~~~ ~ ~ -fie ~ O ~ ~ N v ~ ~ o ~ ~ a ~ ~ S' f- ~ ors l~ ~i ~ ~ ~ SS 09l ~ ~ ~ ~ PALANI RD ~ ~ ~ OZ£ \~5~ v Or9 ~ ~ - 0£Z P~ ~ ~ OS l ~ S£Z ~ ~ ~ ~Q ~ a°~m~°n I ~ S8r H SBI~ o N o N M N 5AA t1Y Q ax0 T EHO ST Q ~ Q ~ o ~ ~ ~ v 02 N s, o ~ g2 ~ N ~ 6a N a a ~ = a J 117 O ~ < rnm ~ ~ oo! `g'C O~ ~ 0~ FQ S6Z ~~.ta 9 2 OZ` T~ °m ~ x z g x 2 W Q N o N ~ n~ fs ~ /1S~b~ • lJe! S~ 8~ SL OEE ~ ~ ~ U / / . `~iyY ~z B~VO Sr o ~ 0 0 ~ [ MpKA~' ~ Q N ^ ~ SbE ~ S~ j~_ b h C ~ m 2020 CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROJECT TRAFFIC CONDITIONS AT KEY INTERSECTIONS The year 2020 traffic conditions for the weekday morning and afternoon peak hours at each of the key intersections within the study area are summarized in Table 5-1. Queen Kaahumanu Highway-Makala Boulevard Generally acceptable traffic conditions are forecast at this intersection during both peak hours with the planned widening of Queen Kaahumanu Highway. The afternoon peak hour traffic volumes are forecast to approximate 72% of the estimated intersection capacity with traffic conditions at LOS D, an acceptable condition for peak traffic periods. Table 5-1 2020 CONDITIONS AT KEY INTERSECTIONS WITHOUT PROJECT Intersection Morning Peak Hour Afternoon Peak Hour V/C ADPV LOS V/C ADPV LOS Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. & Makala Blvd. 0.43 21.5 C 0.72 50.5 D Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. & Kaiwi St. NB Left Turn 0.50 13.4 B 0.66 23.2 C EB Right Turn 0.26 12.8 B 0.75 34.4 D Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. & Eho St. EB Right Turn 0.14 12.2 B 0.71 36.0 E Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. & Palani Rd. 1.04 98.7 F 1.14 164.0 F Kuakini Hwy. & Palani Rd./Alii Dr. 0.57 29.1 C 0.81 40.5 D Kuakini Hwy. &Kaiwi St. WB Left Turn 0.58 24.9 C 1.80 411 F Kuakini Hwy. ~ Makala Blvd. 0.08 7.0 A 0.50 13.6 B Makala Blvd. & Luhia St. SB Left Turn 0 0 0.08 34.5 D EB Left Turn 0.01 7.6 A 0.01 8.1 A WB Left Turn 0.10 7.9 A 0.13 8.2 A V/C = Ratio of the traffic volume to the theoretical capacity of the intersection. ADPV =Average delay per vehicle, in seconds. LOS =Level of service. Wilbur Smith Associates; December 18, 2000 339750 MAKALAPUA BUS SS R TRAFFIC IMPACTS UDY WJLBUR M HAS OCIATES Page 5 - 3 2020 CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROJECT Queen Kaahumanu Highway-Kaiwi Street The forecast delays for the traffic turning onto and off of Kaiwi Street would remain at acceptable levels with the widening of Queen Kaahumanu Highway and the connection of Eho Street to Queen Kaahumanu Highway. Conditions for the right-turn movement onto southbound Queen Kaahumanu Highway is forecast at LOS D in the afternoon peak hour. Queen Kaahumanu Highway-Eho Street Traffic delays are forecast at LOS E in the afternoon peak hour. This level of delay would be acceptable for a STOP sign-controlled intersection and would not warrant any modifications to this intersection. Queen Kaahumanu Highway-Palani Road The widening of Queen Kaahumanu Highway to provide an additional through lane in each direction would not be adequate to provide acceptable traffic conditions with the 2020 volumes forecast in this study. The morning peak hour conditions are forecast to worsen to LOS F, with the traffic exceeding the intersection capacity by 4%. The afternoon peak hour traffic is forecast to exceed the capacity by 14%. With these conditions, additional roadway improvements would be appropriate at this intersection. In particular, the forecast high volumes of vehicles turning left from most of the approaches and the high volumes of through traffic on Palani Road would warrant consideration of additional lanes for these movements. Kuakini Highway-Palani Road/Alii Drive The additional lanes planned with the Kuakini Highway roadway-widening project are forecast to provide acceptable traffic conditions. In the afternoon peak hour, the forecast 2020 traffic volumes would use an estimated 81 % of intersection capacity, less than the present conditions. Kuakini Highway-Kaiwi Street With STOP sign control of this intersection, the traffic turning left from westbound Kaiwi Street in the afternoon peak hour would experience extremely long delays (LOS F) due to the increased through traffic along Kuakini Highway. If traffic signal controls were to be installed at the intersection, the forecast traffic volumes in the afternoon peak hour would approximate 78% of capacity with the existing lanes, with average delay estimated at LOS C. Makala Boulevard Intersections with Luhia Street and Kuakini Highway The conditions for vehicles turning left from the STOP sign-controlled approaches would remain at very acceptable LOS A, B or C with the forecast low volumes of traffic for these movements. The vehicles turning left from westbound Makala Boulevard onto Luhia Street would continue to experience delays equivalent to LOS D 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENTER TRAFE'IC IMPA T STUDY WILBUR SMITH AS OC/AYES Page 5 - 4 Chapter 6 2020 COl~tDITI0101S WITH THE I'~ZOJECT The 2020 traffic assessment with the Project reflects the combined incremental impacts of both the first (2010) and second phase of development within the Makalapua Business Center. The traffic forecasts and conditions also reflect the non-Project traffic increases and planned roadway improvements presented in Chapter 5. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The main component of the Phase 2 development would occur in the large 25.8-acre vacant parcel located on the southwest corner of the intersection of Makala Boulevard with Luhia Street. This parcel is herein referred to as TAZ 4. Land Use Changes The 25.8-acre Project parcel (TAZ 4) is proposed for use as a specialty retail center or community shopping center. The development is estimated to include approximately 206,400 square feet of building floor area. The main access driveways would be located along Makala Boulevard, with one or more access driveways also located along Luhia Street. Service access and secondary driveway access would be provided from the future Service Street planned along the south side of the parcel as part of Phase 1. Roadway Modifications In Phase 2, Makala Boulevard would be widened to a four-lane roadway from Luhia Street makai to the end of the area included in the proposed specialty retail center/community shopping center. Turn lanes would be provided at the driveways to the center. Existing traffic controls are assumed to remain at each of the intersections within the study area. VEHICLE TRIP GENERATION The future traffic generation for the new specialty retail/community shopping center development was based on the ITE trip rates for a shopping center (Land Use 820). The numbers of vehicle trips entering or exiting a commercial development include both new vehicle trips and additional stops by vehicles that would be traveling through the area whether or not the project is developed. These additional stops, referred to as pass-by trips, occur primarily for retail and service uses. The ITE Trip Generation Handbooks provides a methodology and equation for estimating the proportion of the generated vehicle trip ends that are pass-by trips. Fora 206,000 square-foot retail complex, approximately 32% of the Project trips in the afternoon peak hour would typically be pass-by trips. 1 Trip Generation Handbool~ An ITE Proposed Recommended Practice, Institute of Transportation Engineers, October 1998. 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENTER TRA1~ C IMPACT STUDY ILBUR SMITH AS OCJATES Page 6 - I 20?0 CONDITIONS WITH THE PROJECT The resultant numbers of vehicle trips generated by the Project Phases 1 and 2 are summarized in Table 4-1. The trips for the retail development in TAZ 4 reflect total trip ends, including stops by pass-bys. The trip rates and trip estimates for each of the traffic zones are listed in Appendix Table B-2. The retail center in TAZ 4 would generate a total of 213 vehicle trip ends during the morning peak hour. In the afternoon peak hour, a total of 772 vehicle trips would enter or exit the retail center. Of the afternoon trip ends, an estimated 525 would represent new trips in the study area, and 247 would be pass-by trips attracted from vehicles traveling through the area along Queen Kaahumanu Highway, Makala Boulevard, or Kaiwi Street. The combined Phases 1 and 2 Project land uses are estimated to generate a total of 452 and 1,189 vehicle trips to or from the site in the morning and afternoon peak hours, respectively. PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC VOLUMES The directional distribution and routing of the new Project trips was based on the traffic patterns in the study area. The traffic volumes along study area streets and intersections were also adjusted to reflect the rerouting of pass-by trips to the retail center in the Expansion Area. The traffic volumes during the 2020 weekday morning and afternoon peak hours are depicted in Figures 6-1 and 6-2, respectively. The estimated increases in peak hour traffic volumes and the percentage increase as a result of the Project, including trips for both Phases 1 and 2, are listed in Table 6-2. Table 6-1 VEHICLE TRIP GENERATION FOR PROJECT PHASE 2 (2020) Morning Afternoon ,Zone Land Use Quantity Peak Hour Peak Hour Daily In Out In Out Pro'ect Please 1 1 Light Industrial 50.4 TSF 38 8 6 43 351 2 Light Industrial 25.2 TSF 19 4 3 22 176 2 LumberWholesales 37.5 TSF 66 33 71 80 1,489 3 Auto Parts Sales 32 TSF 42 28 96 96 1.981 Subtotals 16b 73 176 241 3,996 Project Plrtase 2 4 Retail Center 206.4 TSF 128 85 371 401 8.855 TOTALS 294 158 546 643 12,851 TSF =Thousands of square feet of building floor area. Wilbur Smith Associates; November 21, 2000 339750 MA APUA BUSINESS CEN R T C IMPACT STUDY WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES Page 6 - 2 _ to ~ F CU-, CO U u~ ~ W ~ O ~ F U ~ a ~ ~ H H U ~ H N O tOA p~j ~ U SlZ ~ SEZ ~ E-~ w L/'"S6l ~rnN (1i N ~ W SG E-+ E-~ Ob-a PALANI qp J' l1 ObZ ~~5~ ~ W LZ9-~ I ~ ~ I 99Z P~' O U 96E~ ~ c^o ~ m SZt x ul OLZ-~ ~ W bL l ~ Cz.7 v H a ^ c~ ~ ~ z H ~ o ~ OB a EHO ST a z ~ o N O N ~ p4, F~ o~ ti F- r = a S!~ ~ `i~ J ~ s ~ es t ,rsa~+ 5` on O N 3 x x LZ z o'er ° W N d ~ n an ti O ~ ^ m (~/f^ p 9y O S 8Z - h \ U BEt Og ~ ~ ~ ZE'Z eLUD SE ~ ~ tnO v° 8~~ ~ J~ 6~ MAC fO ~ Q Q b~ ~ ~ bZ~ J~ 1_ '1~ m C~/ V~1 CO N F'" ° ~ ~ U ~ ~ W CHIT ~ O m ~ f~ m H LL- ts. a Ex-~ H H ~ w ~ ~ M ~ 08B Ci, A'' Cc.~ Ob9 ^ N ~ ~ OOb JN ~ ss E--~ ~ 09l ~ PALpNI qp ~ 69Z P`\`5~C O u ss-~~~~ x ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ sez ~ ~ ~ ~ co m vai SBb W ~ 19Z~ ~ pa Z N M M 'a ~ Q w S ~ ~ Obd _ _ _ _ _ EHO ST Y ~ a N T ~ ~ O ptl N ~ v . p2 u~ aic/ ~ ~ D~~Q ~g a a ~ 3 5 O VN1 ¢ ~ ~ sos ay g2~ T ~ °n r v ~ 3 m s ~ ~ ae ~ o Z W 0 o ~ 7 ~ y ~ I ~ 6~Z c~ ~ ~y Q S~ ~ ~ o ~~~8~~ / UZ LOb ~ ~ `(l,~ ~ gb b MP'('P~`BLVO ~q 'i c~ = Q h bOZ N p y$ 1Eg-~ ~ ES ~ ~ ~ ~ ON ~ t7~ >J ?020 CONDITIONS WITH T!-IE PROTECT The largest numerical and percentage traffic increases would occur on the section of Makala Boulevard makai of Queen Kaahumanu Highway. The combined Phase 1 and 2 developments would increase traffic volumes on this segment by about 40% and 64% in the morning and afternoon peak hours, respectively, above the 2020 volumes without the development of the Project site. Traffic volumes on Kaiwi Street near Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Kuakini Highway are estimated to increase by 3 to 4% in the morning peak hour and slightly more than 1 % in the afternoon peak hour. Traffic volumes along Queen Kaahumanu Highway near the Project site are forecast to increase between 4 and 6% in the morning peak hour as a result of the combined Phases 1 and 2 developments, and between 7 and 9% in the afternoon peak hour. Talble 6-Z TRAFFIC INCREASES IN 2020 WITH[ PROJECT PHASES 1 AND 2 Mornin Peak Hour Afternoon Peak Dour Location Without Project Percent Without Project Percent Project Increase Increase Project Increase Increase Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. South of Palani 1,805 108 5.9 2,525 202 8.0 1Zd. Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. North of Palani 2,340 126 5.4 2,935 250 8.5 .Ftd. Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. North of Makala 2,405 117 4.9 2,890 210 7.3 Blvd. Kuakini Hwy. North of Palani Ftd. 970 171 17.6 1,520 314 20.6 Kaiwi St. East of Luhia St. 705 28 3.9 755 10 1.3 Makala Blvd. East of Luhia St. 590 240 40.6 1,095 706 64.4 Wilbur Smith Associates; December 18, 2000 339750 MAKALAPUA BUS S CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY WlLBUR SMJ"Thf ASSOCIATES Page 6 - 3 . 2020 CONDITIONS WITH THE PROJECT TRAFFIC CONDITIONS AT KEY INTERSECTIONS Traffic conditions for the morning and afternoon peak hours with the Project traffic are summarized for the key intersections in Table 6-3. The table presents the overall conditions for each intersection, with the difference in the values as compared to Table 5-1 representing the incremental impact of the Project traffic. The intersection conditions in Table 6-3 do not reflect the potential improvement actions discussed at these locations in Chapter 5. Queen Kaahumanu I-Iighway-Makala Boulevard Acceptable traffic conditions are forecast at this intersection during the morning peak hour with the Phases 1 and 2 Project traffic. However, the forecast traffic volumes in the afternoon peak hour would exceed the intersection capacity by 4%, with average vehicle delay at LOS F. Based on the afternoon conditions, intersection improvements would be desirable by 2020. Queen Kaahumanu Highway-Kaiwi Street Although little Project traffic would be likely to use Kaiwi Street, the Project's increase in through traffic on Queen Kaahumanu Highway would add to the average delays for traffic exiting Kaiwi Street in the afternoon peak hour. The Project traffic is estimated to increase the average delays for the vehicles turning right onto Queen Kaahumanu Highway to LOS E, from LOS D without the Project. This level of delay is an acceptable condition for STOP sign controls in the peak traffic period, and installation of traffic signal controls or other modification of the _ intersection would not be warranted by the forecast conditions. Queen Kaahumanu Highway-Eho Street The increase in through traffic along southbound Queen Kaahumanu Highway would result in longer delays for traffic turning right from Eho Street. The average delay is forecast at levels equivalent to LOS E conditions both with and without the Project. This level of delay is an acceptable condition for STOP sign controls in the peak traffic period, and installation of traffic signal controls or other modification of the intersection would not be warranted by the forecast conditions. Queen Kaahumanu Highway-Palani Road The Project traffic would slightly worsen the congested conditions anticipated at this intersection during both the morning and afternoon peak hours from those for the No Project scenario in 2020 (Chapter 5). Without any improvements, the combined traffic increases from Project Phases 1 and 2 would exceed the intersection capacity by 6% in the morning peak hour, versus 4% without the Project. Conditions in the morning peak hour would be at LOS F with or without the Project. The forecast traffic volumes in the afternoon peak hour exceed intersection capacity by 17% as compared to 14% without the Project. Afternoon peak hour traffic delays at the intersection are forecast at LOS F with or without the Project. Since the Project would not significantly affect the intersection conditions, no improvements would be needed beyond those discussed in Chapter 5 for the conditions without the Project. 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CEN R TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY WILBUR M17N ASSOCIATES Page 6 - 4 2020 CONDITIONS W[TH THE PROJECT Table 6-3 2020 CONDITIONS AT KEY INTERSECTIONS WITH PROJECT Intersection Morning Peak Ilour Afternoon Peak Hour V/C ADPV LOS V/C ADPV LOS Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. & Makala Blvd. 0.50 26.1 C 1.04 80.5 F Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. & Kaiwi St. NB Left Turn 0.53 14.3 B 0.74 29.5 D EB Right Turn 0.29 13.4 B 0.84 46.9 E Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. & Eho St. EB Right Turn 0.16 13.0 B 0.79 48.1 E Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. & Palani Rd. 1.06 101.9 F 1.17 164.0 F Kuakini Hwy. & Palani Rd./Alii Dr. 0.62 30.4 C 0.92 44.7 D Kuakini Hwy. &Kaiwi St. WB Left Turn 0.77 46.2 E 3.40 * * F Kuakini Hwy. & New Service Rd. 0.06 12.9 B 0.33 30.1 D Kuakini Hwy. & Makala Blvd. 0.15 8.3 B 0.83 33.9 D Makala Blvd. & Retail Center Dwy. 0.05 13.5 B 0.83 33.9 D Makala Blvd. & Luhia St. SB Left Turn 0.11 26.2 D 2.97 * * F EB Left Turn 0.02 7.8 A 0.06 9.1 A WB Left Turn 0.15 8.3 A 0.22 9.5 A V/C = Ratio of the traffic volume to the theoretical capacity of the intersection. ADPV =Average delay per vehicle, in seconds. LOS =Level of service. Delay not calculated since unreliable where traffic substantially exceeds capacity. Wilbur Smith Associates; December 18, 2000 339750 MAKALAP A BUSINESS CEN'T'ER TRAFF! IMPACT STUDY WILBUR SMITH ASSO IATES Page6-5 2020 CONDITIONS WITH THE PROJECT Kuakini Highway-Palani Road/Alii Drive The additional lanes planned with the Kuakini Highway roadway-widening project is forecast to provide acceptable traffic conditions in 2020 with the Project. In the afternoon peak hour, the traffic with the Project would use an estimated 92% of intersection capacity with average vehicle delay at LOS D. Makala Boulevard-Luhia Street The vehicles turning left from the STOP sign-controlled southbound approach of Luhia Street are forecast to experience long delays (LOS F) with the volumes forecast with the Project. The forecast traffic volumes and conditions at this intersection merit the consideration of improvements for year 2020. Makala Boulevard-Shopping Center Driveway With only a single driveway assumed to be provided along Makala Boulevard, STOP sign control would be adequate to permit the forecast volumes to exit the shopping center with acceptable levels of delay. Makala Boulevard- Kuakini Highway The conditions for vehicles turning left from the STOP sign-controlled Makala Boulevard approach are forecast to experience long delays (LOS F) with the forecast volumes for Phases 1 and 2 of the Project. The forecast traffic volumes and conditions at this intersection merit the consideration of improvements for year 2020. Kuakini Highway-New Service Road STOP sign control would be sufficient for forecast traffic volumes exiting from the Service Road onto Kuakini Highway, with afternoon peak hour conditions forecast at LOS D. •Kuakini Highway-Kaiwi Street With STOP sign control of this intersection, the traffic turning left from westbound Kaiwi Street in the afternoon peak hour would experience extremely long delays (LOS F) both with and without the Project. As noted in the preceding chapters, the installation of a traffic signal would be appropriate for existing conditions, as well as future conditions with or without the Project. If traffic signal controls were to be installed at the intersection, the forecast traffic volumes in the afternoon peak hour would approximate 91 % of capacity with the existing lanes, with average delay estimated at LOS C. POTENTIAL INTERSECTION IMPROVEMENTS Potential improvement actions were considered for two intersections where the Project is expected to significantly contribute to the problem conditions forecast for 2020. 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CEN R T C IMPACT STUDY WILB R SMfIH ASSOCIATES Page 6 - 6 2020 CONDITIONS WITH THE PROJECT Queen Kaahumanu Highway-Makala Boulevard The congested conditions in the afternoon peak hour could be improved by the provision of a second (double) left-turn lane on the mauka-bound approach of Makala Boulevard to accommodate the very high volume of vehicles forecast to turn left from this approach. With the additional left-turn lane, the forecast afternoon peak hour traffic would approximate 88% of capacity, with conditions at LOS D. Makala Boulevard-Luhia Street As discussed for the Phase 1 problem conditions, the delays to the vehicles exiting Luhia Street could be addressed by the installation of traffic signal controls at this intersection. If a traffic signal were installed at the intersection, the peak hour traffic conditions with the proposed widening of Makala Boulevard and the existing roadway lanes on Luhia Street would be as follows: Peak Hour V/C ADPV LOS Morning 0.23 28.9 C Afternoon 0.41 32.5 C 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENTER T IC IMPACT STUDY WILBUR MITFf ASSOCIATES Page 6 - 7 Chapter 7 SUI~II~IAI~Y OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS The Queen Liliuokalani Trust seeks to change the zoning of its expansion area along the north side of the existing Kona Industrial Subdivision from the present ML-la to MCX to allow greater flexibility in future use of the 100-acre area. This study assesses the traffic impacts of the development of the area through year 2020 with the proposed zoning. The Project impacts, as assessed herein, refer to the impact of the total land development and not just the incremental impact of the potential change in land use. An assessment of the initial Phase 1 development is assessed for 2010 and the Phase 2 development for 2020. EXISTING CONDITIONS Both Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Makala Boulevard/Kuakini Highway, the two routes providing regional access to the Project site, accommodate high volumes of traffic in the peak commute hours. The intersection of Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Makala Boulevard operates at very acceptable conditions in both the morning and afternoon peak hours. However, congested conditions do occur at the intersections of Queen Kaahumanu Highway with Palani Road and with Kaiwi Street. 2010 CONDITIONS WITHOUT TI-IE PROJECT Traffic volumes at key intersections in the vicinity of the Project site are expected to increase substantially by 2010 due to the development of other parcels near the Queen Liliuokalani Trust lands and to general area growth in West Hawaii. The State and County have plans for major widening and improvement projects along the sections of Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Kuakini Highway that provide access to the Project site. In addition, the Queen Liliuokalani Trust plans to extend Eho Street to connect to Queen Kaahumanu Highway. These roadway improvements, which are expected to be in place by 2010, would improve traffic conditions to acceptable levels at the present problem intersections near the Project site. 2010 CONDITIONS WITH TIEIE PROJECT Phase 1 of the Project would include the development of about 35 acres and the widening of Makala Boulevard between Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Luhia Street. Phase 1 would generate an estimated 239 and 417 vehicle trip ends during the morning and afternoon peak hours, respectively. The Project traffic would result in large increases on Makala Boulevard, with peak hour volumes increasing by approximately 20% to 24%. Peak hour volumes on the adjacent sections of Queen Kaahumanu Highway are estimated to increase by about 3% to 4%. 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY WILBUR SMITH ASSOCIATES Page 7 - 1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS With the existing STOP sign control, the traffic exiting the Project parcel on the northeast corner of the intersection of Makala Boulevard and Luhia Street would experience very long delays in waiting to turn left or proceed straight from the north leg of the intersection. These traffic delays and the overall conditions at the intersection would satisfy warrants to allow installation of traffic signal controls. The following is recommended: 1. As part of the Makala Boulevard widening project, install the detector loops and conduit needed for future installation of signal controls. 2. Once the northeast comer is developed, conduct periodic traffic surveys to determine if and when the actual traffic conditions warrant the installation of a traffic signal at the intersection. When appropriate, a traffic signal should be installed. The Project would not substantially affect traffic conditions at the other study intersections in the area. 2020 CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROJECT Traffic along Makala Boulevard and at most of the other intersections in the area would operate at acceptable conditions in 2020 with the planned roadway improvements. Potential problem locations would be the Queen Kaahumanu Highway intersection with Palani Road where the forecast volumes would exceed the intersection capacity in both peak hours, and at the intersection of Kuakini Highway with Kaiwi Street where the westbound left-turn vehicles would experience long delays. _ 2020 CONDITIONS WITH THE PROJECT Phase 2 of the Project would include the development of a retail complex along the south side of • Makala Boulevard, with about 206,000 square feet of floor area. The complex is estimated to generate 213 and 772 vehicle trip ends during the morning and afternoon peak hours, respectively. The combined traffic of Project Phases 1 and 2 would result traffic increases along Makala Boulevard of approximately 40% and 64% during the morning and afternoon peak hours, respectively. Peak hour volumes on the adjacent sections of Queen Kaahumanu Highway would increase by about 4% to 8%. The Phase 2 traffic is expected to worsen conditions for Phase 1 development vehicles exiting from the north leg of Luhia Street intersection with Makala Boulevard and further increase the need for traffic signal control of that intersection. 339750 MAKALAPUA BUSINESS CENT)rR TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY WILBUR SMITH ASSOC RTES Page 7 - 2 SUMMARY OF FIND[NGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The large increase in traffic forecast for the Makala Boulevard intersection with Queen Kaahumanu Highway during the afternoon peak hour would exceed the capacity of that intersection by 4%, with conditions at LOS F. The high volume of traffic turning left onto northbound Queen Kaahumanu Highway would warrant the provision of a second (double) left- turn lane on the mauka-bound approach of Makala Boulevard. With this additional turn lane, the forecast year 2020 afternoon peak hour volume with approximate 88% of capacity with average vehicle delay equivalent to LOS D. The increased Project traffic would not significantly affect the forecast conditions at the intersections of Queen Kaahumanu Highway with Kaiwi Street or Palani Road. The new Project service road and driveway intersections along Makala Boulevard and Kuakini Highway aze expected to operate at acceptable conditions with STOP sign controls. 339750 MA APUA BUSINESS CENTER T C IMPACT STUDY ILBUR SMITH ASSD lA ES Pagel-3 Letter dated December ~1, 1993 Fr®m DLI®IR-State I'0ist®ric Preservati®n Division to 13e1t Collins "Mitigation Plan for Significant Historic Sites-Liliuokalani Trust" Archae®I®gical Invent®ry Sesrvey Queen Liliuokalani Trust 100-Acre KIS Expansion Site Land of Keahuolu, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii PHRI January 1993 ~p°~~D~ ~ ~ [[RH.UIl,2, C)IA)[~[RbO~ fin.... war: E 60 NOD O! lA/+p AJ+O NAT VPUL k SOU~Cf Gp.q rt..p~ o. • ~ • ~ jw.c„' ocnnx• JOiw r. REPP(7.pt ~ ti 1 DONw l WllaMCf J AOVACVlT11PPSf OfVElOFaaExT TftlDWtAllt STATE' OF HAWAII Aatwi)G waESOUwctt COatsEltvATiOe/ A!q DEPARTMENT OF L1?NO ANp NATURAL RESOURCES STATE HtSTOR)C PRESf1tVAT10N dV1510N OJVtP90M7.IfMAC AilA'M1t tOMBiAYA49pN Ate ]J SOUTH RIPdG STREET, •TM~ llOOoo Af®OVS4Cf• Ua60PiCfJ.AENT HONOLULU. MAt~[n 4W1~ ~~~El'A~€t lORETTRY AHO Ml4pES~' MI><TOltlC PR£tfP{YAiIOM l^1+U >1dA9~tAGtAAf,N7 tTAT'E ?ARCt December 21, 1993 "'"ice AHO E~ ocvEtorlulfxT Ms. Susan S. Rutka LOG NO: 10361 Selt Collins & Associates DOC NO: 9312RC02 X80 Ala Moana Boulevard, First Floor Honolulu, Hawaii 96813-5406 Dear Ms. Rutka: SUBJECT: :Viitigation Plan for Significant Historic Sites Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu Lands Keahuolu, North Kona, Hae~+aii TMK: 7-4-8: oortion 2 & 12 This responds to your letter of November 24, 1993. 'This package was supplemented on December 9, 1993, with the summary table of significant sites in the project area and their proposed mitigation treatment which you supplied us at our request. Mitigation Commitments We have no objection to combining the mitigation plan for the Queen Liliuokalani Trust (QLT) lands mauka and makai of the Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway. We find it acceptable to switch the Mamalahoa Trail segment which lies makai of the highway from preservation to data recovery. it is an isolated remnant, with a large gap separa~irig ie u a,-?, the rest of the trail, and the rest of the trail is mauka of the highway. Also, Na Ala Hele has stated that they do not wish to preserve it for public access. It must be clear, however, that the portions of this trail mauka of the highway are to be preserved. We should add that losing a small part of the trail mauka of the highway to a turn lane onto the highway is acceptable. Data recovery should be done of that portion (primarily photography and a few measurements). Preservation of the trail will probably need to involve restoration of damaged areas. We also find it acceptable to move 3 sites in the ICIS Expansion Area 8S 13, 18S 1 S, 18S 18) out of data recovery and into no further work the )Exhibit E argument of PHRI dated November 23, 1993. We agree that these types of sites (small agricultural and habitation Features) will be well represented in the sample blocks. Susan Rutka Page 2 We also acknowledge that the 8 burial sites are to be preserved as-is, by vote of our I-lawai'i Island Burial Council, as noted in our November 29, 1993, letter to Mr. Nakoa. Thus, at this time, the mitigation commitment is to preserve 23 sites and data recover 19 sites, as indicated on your summary table. Detailed Archaeological Data Recovery Plan In a July 28, 1993, letter, we approved the research design of PHRI based on sampling blocks. That letter details the nature of the research design_ The focus is to study similarities and differences in agricultural fields and in types of habitations, to see if there are notable spatial patterns, and to date the growth of the agricultural system. We understand that this data recovery work is not planned to start right away, so the sites will technically be in the preservation form of mitigation for a period of time. Interim protection measures must be agreed upon prior to the soon to occur construction. We agree that only a few sites will be threatened by construction (those in the preserve, the trail, 18506 and 18511 in the KIS Expansion area, and Data Recovery Block C and sites 133913340 in Phase 1). We also agree that these should be fenced as you propose, with the buffer zones and fence locations shown in Exhibit C being acceptable. Construction firms must be briefed as to the presence of these sites, and the fact that substantial fines and seizure of equipment can result from their damage. Based on discussions in our December 9, 1993, meeting, all data recovery work would occur in the makai areas (KIS Expansion Area & Phase 3) and in Phase 1 within 5 years, with a final report prepared - by January I, 1999. (As this date is approached, an extension could be requested if no development is occurring in the areas and the sites do not seem threatened. A request letter with justification should be submitted for our review at that time.) At the completion of the data recovery report, the data recovery plan would then be re-evaluated by our Division for the sites in the remaining mauka Phase 2 area. If adjustments to the plan are needed, these will then be agreeably worked out by the Trust, our Division, and the County Planning Department_ For example, research methods may not be successful in answering some research questions, so Borne approaches may be dropped in the final phase of the data recovery. Then within S additional years these Phase 2 mauka lands would have to have their data recovery work concluded. It must be clear that all data recovery work must be verified to have been successfully executed by our Division and by the County Planning Department. Detailed Preservation Plan The sites to be preserved include the 8 isolated burials, the Mamalahoa Trail mauka of the highway, and the sites within the historic preserve. We understand that you wish to defer Susan Rutka Page 3 development and execution of this plan. This would again mean that interim protection measures are needed as well as the development and execution of a long-range preservation plan. The first step of interim preservation measures is to fix buffer zones around these sites. We understand that our Hawal'i Island Burial Council has recommended a 30 foot buffer zone around each buria! site; we find this to be acceptable. Buffer zones around the preserve as shown in lrxhibit C are acceptable. The buffers for the Mamalahoa Trail on the mauka side of the highway will temporarily be 50 feet out from the center Iine on each side of the trail, with the final buffer to be specified in the detailed preservation plan discussed in the next paragraph. Barrier fences need to be erected 2Crpgg tl~P Pnri ~f the trail Lo be cut by the hrrn Lane from Makalapua Blvd., along the west and south edges of the preserve, and around burial site 1851 l - as these sites will be subject to possible construction damage. Construction firms must be briefed as to the presence of these sites, and the fact that substantial fines and seizure of equipment can result from their damage. Based on discussions in our meeting of December 9, 1993, within one year (by January 1, 1995), an acceptable detailed long-range preservation plan shall be completed for the preserve and the other sites. This plan will include a schedule for execution of the plan's tasks. Again, our Division and the County Planning Department must approve the plan and eventually verify its successful execution. In summary, this letter shall constitute the acceptance ofthe mitigation commitments for the significant sites, the acceptance of the interim protection measures, the acceptance of the data recovery plan and its scheduled implementation, and the acceptance of a schedule for preparation of the long-term preservation plan. If the County is in agreement, we believe that with the implementation of the protection measures, construction in Increment A-I and related off-site infrastructure could begin. Sincerely yours, DON BARD, Administrator State Historic Preservation Division RC: amk c: Virginia Goldstein, Planning Dept., County of Hawaii Alan Walker, PHRI i., : > , Report 1311-011193 ~rchaeolo~ical Inventory Survey Queen T~iliuokalani 'T'rust 100~cre S expansion Site Land of ~eahuolu North bona District, Island of ~Iawaii. P~lul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. Archaeological • Historical • Cultural Resource Monageaneaat Staeelies ~ Services 305 Mohouli Strcet • Hilo, Hawaii 96720 •(808) 969-1763 FAX (808) 961-6998 P.O. Box 23305 • G. M. F., Guam 96921 • (671) 472-3117 • Fnx (671) 472-3131 Report 1311-OI 1193 ~rchaeolo~ical Inventory ~urve~ Quern I~iliuol~alani 'T'rust 100~Acre ~ x~ansion bite Land of I~eahuolu North Iona District, Island of I~awaii by Constance R O'Hare, B.A. Supervisory Archaeologist and Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D. Principal Archaeologist Prepazed for Queen Liliuokalani Trust c/o Belt Collins & Associates 680 Ala Moans. Boulevard, Suite 200 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 January 1993 ® 1993 Paul H. Roseadahl, Ph.D., Inc. Paul Itosendahl, PFa.D., Inc. Arcliaeoiagica! • Historical • CulturalResource Management Studies do Services 305 Mohoull Street • Hilo, Hawaii %720 •(808) 969-1763 • FAx (808) %1-6998 P.O. Box 23305 • G. M. F., Guam 96921 • (671) 472-3117 • Fnx (671) 472-3131 1311-011193 ii s At the request ofMs. Sue Rutka of Belt Collins & Associates (BCA), on behalf of their client, Queen Liliuokalani Trust, Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. (PHRI) recently conducted an archaeological inventory survey of the approximately 100-Acre Queen Liliuokalani Trust KIS Expansion Site, Keahuolu, North Kona, Island of Hawaii (TMK:3-7-4-08:Por.2). The overall objective of the survey, conducted in conjunction with a Final Subdivision Approval for the first increment of an expansion of the Kona Industrial Subdivision, was to provide information sufficient to satisfy the historic preservation regulatory review requirements of the Hawaii County Planning Department (HCPD) and the Department of Land and Natural Resources -State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-SHPD). The survey field work was conducted October 14-22,1992 by a crew of three to four field archaeologists under the supervision of Proj ect Supervisor Constance R O'Hare, B.A. Hawaii Projects Manager Donna K. Graves, M.A., and Principal Archaeologist Dr. Paul H. Rosendahl provided overall guidance for the project. The project took about 29 labor-days to complete. During the field work 18 sites with 38 component features were identified. The features consisted ofmodified outcrops, pahoehoe excavations, filled depressions, alignments, mounds, terraces, walls, hearths, walled overhangs, an enclosure, a kerbstone trail, a modified depression, a cairn, a cave shelter, and a burial cave. The features had the following functions: agriculture, temporaryhabitation, temporaryhabitation/possibly ceremonial, ceremonial (burial), historic dump, transportation, quarry, marker, and indeternunate. Based, on the current findings, l 6 of the 18 identified sites were assessed as significant solely for information content. No further work was deemed necessary at 12 of the 16 sites, and fiu then data collection was recommended for four of the 16 sites. One site (Site 00002}, a section of MamalahoaTrail, was assessed as significant for information content, cultural value, and as an excellent example of a site type, and was recommended for further data collection followedby preservation with interpretive development. Portions of Site 00002 in other project areas have already been recommended for preservation with interpretive development. 'Theremaining site (Site 18511), a burial, was assessed as significant for information content and cultural value and was recommended far provisional further data collection and preservation "as is." 1311-011193 11Z Page INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................1 Background .....................................................................................................1 Scope of Work l Project Area Description 2 Previous Archaeological Work ........................................................................2 Summary of Historical Documentary Research 5 Settlement and Exploitation Patterns 6 Field Methods and Procedures 8 FINDINGS 20 Formal Feature Types and Functional Categories ..........................................10 Site and Feature Distribution .........................................................................14 Correlation with Previously Identified Features .............................................14 Subsurface Findings ......................................................................................15 CONCLUSION lb Discussion 16 Research Goals ..............................................................................................16 General Significance Assessments and Recommended General Treatments ........................................................16 REFERENCES CITED ......................................................................................19 APPENDLY A: Site and Feature Descriptions ...................................................A-1 APPENDIX B: Historical Documentary Research by Kepa Maly B-1 1311-011193 iv ! ~ z ~ . Figure Page I Project Area ....................................................................................................3 2 Site Location Map .........................................................................................11 A- I Site 18502 A-2 A-2 Site 18504 A-4 A-3 Site 18505 A-5 A-4 Site 18506 ...................................................................................................A-7 A-5 Site 18511, Feature A ................................................................................A-11 A-6 Site 18513, Feature A ................................................................................A-14 A-~ Site 18516 ...................................................................................•--...........A-16 a> s Table 1 Summary of Previous Archaeological Work .............................................:......4 2 Correlation of Site Numbers 9 3 Summary of Identified Sites and Features .....................................................12 4 Summary of General Significance Assessments and Recommended General Treatments ..................................................17 1311-011193 1 t ~ i BACKGROUND The basic objectives of Cite survey were fourfold: (a) to identify all sites and site complexes within the project area; At the request of Ms. Sue Rutka of Belt Collins & (b) to evaluate the potential general significance of all Associates(BCA),onbehalfoftheirclient,QueenLiliuolcalani identifiedazchaeologicalremains;(c)todeterminethepossible Trust, Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. (PHRZ) recently impactsofproposeddevelopmentupontheidentifiedremains; conducted an archaeological inventory survey of the and (d) to define the general scope of any subsequent further approximately 100-Acre Queen Liluokalani Trust KIS data collection and/or other mitigation work that might be Expansion Site, Keahuolu, North Kona, Island of Hawaii necessary. (TMK:3-7-4-08:Por.2). The overall objective of the survey, conducted in conjunction with a Final Subdivision Approval Based on a review of readily available background for the first increment of an expansion of the Kona Industrial literature and the findings ofan eazlierreconnaissance survey Subdivision, was to provide information sufficient to satisfy ofthe projectazea(Rosendah11979), andbasedonfamiliarity the historic preservation regulatory review requirements of with the vicinity of the project area and with the current the Hawaii County Planning Department (HCPD) and the requirements ofreview authorities, and based on discussions Department of Land and Natural Resources -State Historic with Ms. RutkaofBCA, the following tasks were determined Preservation Division (DLNR-SHPD). to constitute and adequate scope for the inventory survey: The survey field work was conducted October 1422, 1. Review archaeological and historical literature 1992 by a crew of three to. four field archaeologists under the relevant to the project area, and conduct supervisionofProjectSupervisorConstanceR O'Haze,B.A. historical documentary research (emphasis on Hawaii Projects Manager Donna. K. Graves, M.A., provided readily available literature and documentary overall guidance for the project. The project took about 29 sources) and interviews with available local labor-days to complete. A letter report on the preliminary informant; findings for the project was sent to Ms. Sue Rutka after completion of the field work (PH12I Memo 13 1 1-1 10792). 2. Conduct 100%-coverage, variable-intensity This report represents the final report for the project. groundsurveyofthe entireprojectarea, with(a) relatively higher intensity coverage of unmodified portions, and (b} relatively lower SCOPE OF WORK intensity coverage of any modified portions; The basic purpose of the inventory survey was to 3. Conduct limited subsurface testing (manual identify all sites and features of potential archaeological .excavation) at identified sites (a) to determine significance present within the project area. An inventory thepresenceorabsenceofpotentiallysignificant survey comprises an initial level of azchaeological subsurfaceculturalfeaturesordeposits,and(b) investigation.Basically,itdeterminesthepresenceorabsence toobtainsuitablesamplesforagedetermination of azchaeologicai resources and, if present, indicates their analysis; and general nature and variety, and their general distribution and density. Finally, it permits a generalsignificance assessment 4. Analyze field and historical research data, and of the azchaeological resources, and facilitates formulation prepare appropriate reports. of realistic recommendationsand estimates for such fitrther work asmight be necessary. Such work could include further The inventory survey was carried out in accordance with data collection-additional data collection involving detailed the standards forinventory-level surveyrecommended by the recording of sites and features, and selected limited DLNR SHPD.Thesignificanceofallarchaeologicalrema;ins excavations; and possibly subsequent mitigation---data identifiedwithintheproject.areawereassessedintermsof{a) recovery research excavations, construction monitoring, the NationalRegistercriteriacontainedintheCodeofFederal interpretive planning and development, and/orpreservation Regulations(36 CFRPart 60),and(b)the criteriaforevaluation of sites and features with significant scientific research, oftraditionalcultutalvaluespreparedbytheNationalAdvisory interpretive, andlor cultural values. Council on Historic Preservation. The DLNR-SHPD and 131 l -011193 Introduction 2 HCPD use these criteria to evaluate eligibility for both the predominantly of Lantana (Lantana Camara L.), klu (Acacia Hawaii State and National Registers of Historic Places. The farnesiana [L.] Willd.), `ilima (Sida cordifolia L.), fountain archaeological remains were also assessed in terms of three grass (Pennisetum setaceum [Fotsk.] Chiov.), California PHRI Cultural Resource Management value modes. The grass (Brachiaria mutica [Forsk.] Stapf), Jamacain vervain value modes and the other criteria are discussed fiuther in the (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis [L.] Vahl), bitter melon Conclusion section. (Momordica charantia L.), and air plant (Bryophyllum pinnatum [Lam.] Kurz). PROJECT AREA DESCRIPTION PREVIOUS The project area is a c. 100-acre parcel bound on the ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORK northeast by Queen Kaahumanu Highway, on the southeast by Konalndustrial Subdivision, on the southwest by the old Donham has extensively reviewed previous Kona airport, and on the northwest by additional Queen archaeological work in both the coastal and inland portions of Liliuokalani Trust lands (Figure 1). The approximate KeahuoluandKealakehe(1990a:5-11).Herreseazchonwork maximum dimensions of the parcel are 490.0 m (1,600 ft) by at coastal sites is repeated here, and information pertinent to 885.0 m (2,900 ft). the present project area has been added to it. A summary of previous work in the project area is presented in Table 1. Keahuolu ahupua 'a, in which the proj ect areais situated, lies along the western slope of Hualalai volcano, where The early archaeological surveys of Keahuolu Pleistocene to recent Hualalai Series flows form the surface concentrated on sites in the coastal area Stokes (1919), in his mantle. These flows comprised primarily alkalic olivine survey of Hawaii Island heiau, recorded three heiau close to basalt and are both as and pahoehoe types (MacDonald, the project area Two of the heiau (Halepau and Kawaluna) Abbott, and Peterson 1983:364). The project area extends were in Keahuolu ahupua'a, and the other (Palihiolo) was at from c. 350.0 m (1,150 ft) from the shoreline to 1,150.0 m or very near the Keahuolu/Lanihau boundary. The Halepau (3,770 ft) from the shoreline. Elevation in the area is 7.0-26.0 m site was described by Stokes as a ko `a, orshrine for fishermen, (20 to 85 ft) AMSL (above mean sea level), with a slope located 100 ft from the shore in a coconut grove. During a grade of less than 5%. The topography of the area is coastal survey in 1930, Reinecke located structural remains relatively rough in places, but the overall aspect is a gradual at the site of Halepau Heiau (Site 15, house site of coral and slope from east to west. Most of the project area consists of remains of a pen around it), but he did not identify a ko'a. A pahoehoe flats, fissures, upthrusts, and collapsed blisters shore distance to the north, Reinecke identified an enclosure and tubes. A small area neaz the northeastern comer, above with four-foot-high walls, paved with coral. This enclosure 14.0 m AMSL (45 ft AMSL), is interspersed with fingers of (Site 17)wasinasetting describedbyReinecke as"[a] regular as generally oriented east-west. At the southeastern corner oasis ofpools, kiawe and luxuriant grass" (1930:6). This site oftheprojectazea,atabovel4.OmAMSL(45ftAMSL),the mayactuallybeko'aofHalepau.AccordingtoNeller(1980), bedrock is overlain with Punaluu extremely rocky peat, a the ko'a is registered as SIHP Site 2139. member of the Punaluu series ofwell-drained, thin organic soils over pahoehoe lava bedrock (Sato et al. 1973:48). Kawaluna Heiau is described by Stokes as a rebuilt enclosure located on the beach at Pawai Bay. In 1930, The annual mean rainfall for the proj ect area is 27 inches Reinecke identified four house platforms, enclosure remains, per year (Stearns and MacDonald 1946:214). Vegetation in and an unidentifiable Hain at Pawai Bay, (Sites 23 and 24), but the project area is sparse over the bare as and pahoehoe lava he did not identify a heiau. Kawaluoa Heiau was registered flows, and extremely dense over the areas with soil in the as SIEIl' Site 3843 in 1970 during a survey by (Emory 1970) southeastern corner of the project area. Surface visibility is but was not field verified by Emory. A later survey of the low in these densely vegetated areas. Predominant tree Pawai Bay area by Neighbor Island Consultants (1973) did species in the project area consist of kiawe (Prosopis pallida not identify Kawaluna Heiau, although as enclosure with [Numb. and Bonp. ex Willd.] HBK}, koa-haole (Leucaena historic burials was located. leucocephala [Lam.] de Wit), alahe'e (Canthium odoratum [Forst.]Seem.),andChristmas-berry(Schuinusterebinthijolius PalihioloHeiauwasfirstdescribedbyStokesasatornear Raddi). A few noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) trees are also the Keahuolu/Lanihauboundary.Itconsistedofanenclosure present in the project area. Understory plants consist with coral paving. According to Stokes' informants, this 1311-011193 Introduction 3 e N ` ~ ~ ~ gam ; 1~. \J ~ ~ , e - t,. _ ~ 1 - Project Arear ( is ` n.. `1 ~v , y'=~ . .s j \O. 8!/ \ L'LO ~~7 ~ ~~°s ® iia bona l Rock '-v.'~':`:. -f~ ~ / b18 ~ i9, w; ro `:J~ • coi~~x. ppR~ gip,\` 1' ~ \S` 'Park; p'' . ` f y"• " • s ~ L~~ . ~ ~ ' ~4. : ate.. ? I $ ;y - .-.ear \ 30. L~ ~lrsena 4eiau. z °:L~11113 F cons: ~ ~ ~ ='.~t~'~'"~~~~ =a`tr ~ ^zG'=~ . as ; 1 : `°.y° s r Ca i~ee iAe ~ . Kukailimcxv.~~~ ~q` a•. ~~.~i ~CLT. t ma=r \ Isaniafie~;,~°` 1.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , :J ~ r. Onea a~ ~ ; r+ ~1 Paaiie''~ , ~ ~ 1 ~v~ v ~a ~ z . ` gip{ s R ~ : C ~ ~ . , ~ Project ~ ~ccati®n~a~ to °i° sm~°~r ' ~g 1 ~a~ \ ~16 aa'r ~ • ~ I ~ ~i o X000 a0oo 3000 •y tt I i _ I I ~ ~ ~.-b-i® p~i0 • ; ~ sua.a sslta Figure 1. ARO.TECT AREA 1311-011193 Introduction 4 Table 1. StiNIlV1ARY OF PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORK Year Author Type of Work Zone 1919 Stokes Heiau Survey CoastaUinland 1930 Reinecke Reconnaissance Survey Coastai 1970 Emory Site Inventory Coastal/Inland 1970 Newman Inspection Coastal 1972 Bevacqua Reconnaissance Survey Coastal 1973 Neighbor Island Consultants Reconnaissance Survey Coastal 1975 Sinoto Reconnaissance Survey Coastal 1978 Fuke & Goldstein Reconnaissance Survey Coastal 1978 Ching Reconnaissance Survey Coastal 1979 Rosendahl Reconnaissance Survey Coastal/Inland 1980 Estioko-Griffin & Lovelace Reconnaissance Survey Coastal 1980 Folk Reconnaissance Survey Coastal & Test Excavations 1980 Neller Reconnaissance Survey Coastal 1990 Donham Reconnaissance Survey CoastaUInland & Test Excavations heiau was used for human sacrifice, and Kalakaua had it in the Makeo complex (Site 9}, which also included a rebuilt prior to his departure from Hawaii. The site was not modified fishpond and several modified anchialine pools. identified by Reinecke, although he did identify an enclosure Other features identified at Lanihau included petroglyphs associated with house platforms in the vicinity (Site 9}. (Sites 5,6,8, and 11), enclosures (Sites 7 and 9), and burials Newman (1970x) tentatively identified the heiau in 1970 (Sites 4 and 6). (SIHP 2002), and located it in Lanihau, not far from the Ko `a of Makaeo. In 1970, Emory mentioned the two Keahuolu heiau sites in his inventory of known sites for selected areas of Hawaii During his survey of coastal North Kona, Reinecke (Emory 1970). That same year, Newman; conducted an identified and located 12 sites in Keahuolu and eight sites in inspection of the old Kona Airport grounds, prior to its Lanihau (Reinecke 1930;4-8). Tlae Keahuolu sites consisted development as a State Park (Newman 1970x). Newman primarilyofhabitationplatformsandenclosedyards.Reinecke described three Lanihau sites (SIHP 2000-2002), and one enumerated4l platforms,nearlyallofwhichwere interpreted Keahuolu site (not designated) consisting of historic period as house sites, and seven enclosures at the 12 sites. The burials and a cluster of ground "bait cups" (Newman 1970a). greatest concentration of house platforms was at Site 20, where 12were counted. This complex is located on a flat north Coastal reconnaissance in. Keahuolu was conducted by ofKeahuoluPoint.Anotherconcentration(sevenhouses)was Bevacquain1972.Bevacqua'ssurveyareawaslocatedinthe identifiedatthe Keahuolu/Lanihauboundary(Site 12),which immediate coastal zone. During this survey, nine sites were Reinecke associated with the Makeo complex. In addition to identified (Bevacqua 1972). Some of these sites were later houses, Reinecke identified petrogIyphs (Site 20), modified relocated by Ching, who assigned newnumbers to them, due pools (Sites 12 and 17), burials (Sites I2, 13, and 19), and a to "...vague Iocations...and the change in site conditions canoe landing (Site 14). (Ching 1978:1). Among the identified Lanihau features, Reinecke In 1975, Sinoto surveyed aroad corridor through coastal enumerated 15 platforms, nine of which were interpreted as Keahuolu,whereinsevensiteswere identified(Sinoto 1975:1). house sites. Eight ofthese house platforms were concentrated All sites were described as being "snzail, semi-permanent or 1311-011193 Introduction S temporarystructuresassociatedwithcoastal,probablymarine complexes, two modified sinkholes, two wall sections, one activities (Sinoto 1975:3)." cairn, one rock shelter, two petroglyph areas, and one walled enclosure. A series ofreconnaissance survey reports were completed between 1973 and 1980 in conjunction with development of In 1990, six parcels of Queen Liliuokalani Trust Lands, the old Kona Airport State Park, along the shoreline in totaling approximately 1,100 acres was surveyedby Paul H. Keahuolu and Lanihau (Neighbor Island Consultants 1973, Rosendahl, Inc. (Donham 1990a). One of these parcels Fuke and Goldstein 1978, Estioko-Griffin and Lovelace consisted of 200 acres of land between Queen Kaahumanu 1980, and Neller 1980). Estioko-Griffin and Lovelace's Highway and the Old Kona Airport. The southern boundary survey relocated sites previously identified within the 89.7 of this parcel constitutes the northern boundary of the acre parcel, and located additional sites, for a total of 35 sites. present survey. Fifty-six of the 239 sites identified by The majority of identified sites (28) were concentrated in an Donham in the project area were located in this parcel. The area just north of the old runway, along the shoreline at Pawai 56 sites comprised 439 component features--319 pahoehce Bay. The most frequently identified site types included caves excavations, 21 mounds, 14 rock concentrations, 11 (11), petroglyphs (7), burials (5} andhouse sites (3) (Estioko- petroglyphs, nine overhangs, nine caves, eight alignments, Griffin and Lovelace 1980:iii). eightcaves, eightenclosures, sevenwalls, five filled crevices, five terraces, three midden concentrations, two hearths, two In 1978, Ching conducted a reconnaissance survey of all C-shapes, two modified sinkholes, two paved areas, two KeahuolulandsbetweentheshorelineandQueenKaahumanu modified tide pools, and one cupboard. Donham estimated Highway (987 acres). Ching's survey identified 59 sites with that approximately 90% of the features in the project area 140 component features, including sites previously identified had agricultural functions. Twenty-four test units were by Bevacqua and Sinoto. The most frequently occurring excavated during the project. A radiocarbon range of c. AD features were reported to be salt pans (29), cave shelters (25~, 1430-1650 was determined for a cave used for temporary _ pavings (21), and cairns (21) (Ching 1978:32). shelter. The cave was in the 200-acre parcel makal ofQueen Kaahumanu Highway. Radiocarbon dates ranging from AD A reconnaissance and testing survey was conducted in 1305-1360 to AD 1630-1955 were determined for two cave selected coastal Keahuolu parcels by Folk (1980}. Folk shelters used for temporary habitation: The cave shelters conducted a reconnaissance survey of a c. 20-acre proposed were in parcels mauka of the Queen Kaahumanu Highway. building site (current location of the Queen Liliuokalani One radiocarbon range of AD 1640-1955 was determined Children's Education Center), wherein no sites were for a platform used for permanent habitation. The platform identified. He also conducted intensive-level mapping and was also located in the mauka section of the project area. recording of 21 sites in three lizpuka, located near the shoreline, north of the old Kona airport. Test excavations were also conducted in the center of the ldpuka in order to SUIVIlVIAI2Y OF HISTO1tICAL determine if buried cultural deposits were present. During D®C;TTMENTARY RESEARCH his study, Folk documented seven pavements, three caves, two platforms, four historic/recent campsites, a burial or Historical documentary research for the Queen shrine,ahistoricperiodanimalenclosure,andthree habitation Liliuokalani Trust Lands was conducted by Helen Wang areas (Folk 1980:21-22). Smith (1N Donham 1990a: Appendix B). ]n her study she summarized legends for the ahupua `a of Kealakehe and Rosendahl (1979) conductedareconnaissance surveyof Keahuolu, summarized historic accounts of heiau located three separate parcels of Queen Liliuokalani Trust Lands. near the coast, and accounted for land ownership from early Area 1 consisted of a 100-acre parcel west of the Queen history to the present. This information can also be found in KaahumanuHighwaynearthesouthemborderoftheKeahuolu AppendixBofthisreport.PHRICulturalResourcesSpecialist ahupua `a boundary. This area constitutes the present 140- Kepa Maly has added references from a recently translated acre KIS Expansion Site project area. Area 2 consisted of a legend, "Ka `aoHo'oniuaPu'uwaiNoKa Mild" ([the] Heart 100-acre parcel,eastofQueenKaahumanuHighway,bounded Stirring Story of Ka-Mi1a~, to Wong Smith's report. This by Palani Road on the south. Area 3 consisted of a 12-acre legend provides place name origins, site and community parcel east of Queen Kaahumanu Highway and bounded by histories, local and regional practices, and ceremonial Palaai Road on the north. Rosendahl identified 13 features or practices and mele (chants) for the area. The following feature complexes (designatedA-M) dunngthe survey-four summarizes Appendix B. 1311-011193 Introduction 6 Keahuolu ahupua'a is in the district ofKona, which was (20-430 ft). This zone is chazacterized by pahoehoe, with divided into two regions. The northern section was known as pockets of as and no soil. Vegetation, predominantly grass Kekaha-wai-'ole (The waterless place) and the southern and Lantana, is sparse at elevations of 6-37 m, but becomes section was known as Kona kai 'opus (Kona of the distant thicker at elevations of 37-130 m. Cordy found a low site horizon cloudsabove the ocean). Keahuolu Ahupua`aisatthe density in this zone, in areas below 200-400 ft. The sites in dividing pointbetween these two regions. Keahuoluhas been these lower azeas consisted of cairns, trails, and caves used variously translated as Ke-ahu-olu (the heap [cairn] of Lu) for temporary habitation. Site density increased above 400 ft (Pukui,ElbertandMookini 1974:101), or as"Ke-oho-olu(the AMSL, and the sites included several large caves used for refreshing mists) (Appendix B:4). recurrent, short-term habitation. Post-contactvisitors to the azeanoted coconutgroves and Cordy's Upland Forest Zone extends from c. 2.4-6.0 km fishing villages along the coast (xinny 1913) and small (1.5-3.7 miles) from the shore. Elevations in this zone are garden areas associatedwiththese habitations(Ellis 1979:31). 130-1,030m (430-3,400 ft) AMSL. This zone is characterized Stokes (1919), in lus survey of heiau on the Island of Hawaii, by rough as with some soil. Koa-haole is the principle noted three heiau along the Keahuolu coast®-the ko'a of vegetation in the lower elevations of this zone. The higher Halepa`u, the heiau of Kawaluna, and the heiau of Palihiolo. elevarions support large forest trees. Sites were extremely The heiau indicate the makaa portion of Keahuolu ahupua'a dense at elevations of 450-800 ft AMSL and consisted of was important to the indigenous peoples not only for marine numerousagricultural featuresandtemporaryandpermanent and agricultural resources, but also as an important location habitations. for ceremonial activities. Schilt constructed a model similar to Cordy's (1984:6). During the Grear Mahele of 1848, the entire ahupua `a of Schilt based his model on environmental subzones in an KeahuoluwasawardedtoAneKeohokalole.Herdescendants attempt to parallel the native Hawaiian concept of _ included Kind David Kalakaua, William Pitt Leleiohoku, and environmental zones. The type ofsettlement and agricultural Queen Lydia Liliuokalani. In 1909, the Liliuokalani Trust exploitation common to each zone was delineated. The was established by Queen Laliuokalani to provide care for model was based partly on information from Newman's orphans and destitute children in the HawaiianIslands (Queen (1970) work in the Kona area and on etlinographic research Liliuokalani Children's Center 1981). The income of the trust by Kelly on native concepts of land division and agricultural was derived principally from rentals on real estate. The zones (1983:47-50). The model emphasizes the correlation project area is a portion ofthis real estate. Trust Lands to the of environmental subzones with prehistoric and historic immediate north ofthe projectazea have been developed into crops. the Queen Liliuokalani Children's Education Center. Trust Lands to the immediate south of the project area have been The Kula subzone is in the coastal area at elevations developed as part of the Kailua Kona industrial area. from sea level to S00 ft. This zone has an annual rainfall of 30-50 inches. The Hawaiiandefinition oftheword "kola" is a "plain, field, open country or pasture" (Pukui and Elbert SETTLEMENT AND 1971:164).Itwastraditionallyassociatedwiththe cultivation EXPLOITATION PATTERNS of sweet potatoes ('uala), paper mulberry (wauke) and gourds (ipu). Environmental Zones The kal uulu subzone is on the seaward slope ax elevations Cordy (1985:7) divided Ooma and Kalaoa Ahupua`a in between 500-1000 ft. The annual rainfall in this zone is 40- the North KonaDistrict into three environmental zones based 55 inches. The name of this subzone probably derived from on elevation and vegetation. The Coastal Zone extends from the Hawaiianword"ulu", which canmean"to grow, increase, the shore to c. 0-50 m inland. Elevation in the zone is about spread; grove, growth" (Pukui and Elbert 1971:341) and is 0-6 m AMSL. The zone is characterizedby low pahcehce and also the Hawaiian term for breadfruit. This subzone was sandy beaches with some shoreline vegetation. Cordy associated with the prehistoric cultivation of sweet potatoes, (1985:31-33) found heiau inthis zone, permanenthabitations paper mulberry and especially breadfruit ('ulu). along the shore, and temporary habitations along the shore and further inland. The `spa `a subzone is on the upland slopes, at elevations from 1,000-2,500 ft. Annual rainfall in this zone is 55-80 Cordy's barren Transitional Zone extends from 50 m- inches. The word 'spa 'a means an "arid, dry area" (Pukui and 2.41an (1.5 miles) inland. Elevation in this zone is 6-130 m Elbert 1971:25, which distinguishes it from those lands that 1311-011193 Introduction ~ are irrigated. T[us subzone was associated with dryland tazo Permanent habitation features were located in the kola zone (kalo), sweet potatoes, the ti (Ia') plant and sugarcane (ko). for the first time. Eazly visitors to the areanoted that the kola zone was used to grow indigenous crops, such as gourds and The`ama`usubzoneisonthemountainslopesatelevarions sweetpotatoes(Ke11y1983:55),andintroducedcrops,suchas of 2,500-4,000 ft. Annual rainfall in this zone is over 80 watermelons,pineapples,melons,andtobacco(Ellis 1979:31; inches. The word 'ama'u is the Hawaiian word for the Wilkes 1845:91-92). indigenous ferns (Sadleria sp.) which are found on these upper slopes. This subzone is associated with the prehistoric The environs were cultivated to a considerable cultivation of bananas and plantain (both mai a). extent: small gardens were seen among the barren rocks on which the houses are built, wherever soil Chronological g`ramework could be found sufficient to nourish the sweet potato, the watermelon, or even a few plants of A chronology for settlement and land-use in the Kona tobacco, and in many places they seemed to be area has been proposed by Schilt (1984:276-283), based on growingliterallyinthefragmentsofIava,collected herworkintheNorthIConaDistrictandbasedonchronologies in small heaps around their roots (Ellis 1979:31). for the Hawaiian Islands as a whole proposed by others (Kirch 1980,1985; Cordy 1981; Hommon 1976). Schilt's chronology By the end ofthis phase, several factors associated with is divided into five phases and emphasizes the change in use contact with the outside world-including high infant of the kicla subzone through time. mortality, low fertility, venereal disease, poormedical care, emigration, and general social stress (Schmitt 1973:15}- During Phase I (c. AD 1050-1400) the North Kona area had reduced the population of the Hawaiian islands was initially settled. Habitation and exploitation of resources significantly. After 1778 the population of the Island of was concentrated along coastal areas at the beginning of this Hawaii decreasedrapidly, from perhaps as many as 300,000 phase, but by the end some development of the upland areas inhabitants at first contact to half that number by AD 1819 for agriculture had taken place. There was little use ofthe lacla and a third by 1850. In 1819 the population from Keahou to lands, except for temporary shelter in some caves. Kohala was 6,649 (Schmitt 1977:22). By 1853, the number of inhabitants in this azea was down to 2,210. William Ellis In Phase II (c. AD 1400-1600/1650) small seasonal (1979:32), who visited the Konaazea in 1825, saw deserted gazdens were established in the bzcla zone, with continued villages and abandoned fields "everywhere to be met with." development of the uplands for intensive agriculture. The decrease in population led to decrease in the use of the Habitation was still concentrated along the coast, with little kola zone foe agriculture and habitation. evidence ofseasonalorpetmanenthabitationnearthe gardens lit the kola zone or the uplands. However, caves were still In 1848, the entire ahupua'a of Keahuolu was awarded sporadically used for temporary shelter. to the all 'i Ane Keohokalole during the Great Mahele. However, "wheneverali 'i procuredanentire ahupua'a, they During Phase III (c. AD 1600/ 1650-175) there was more were bound to respect the rights of the existing tenants. extensive gardening in the kola zone and the uplands. Small These tenants, if they filed a claim to The Board of gardens of sweet potatoes, ovauke and gourds were planted on Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles, could continue to the kola with seasonal habitations near the gardens on the cultivate and reside on their parcels" (Maly, Appendix B, upper ~-ula slopes. An extensive agricultural field system was p.9). Kelly (1983:53) has shown that although many claims fully developed in the uplands in this phase. This agricultural for subsistence gardens were made for kola lands, few were system was first called the "Kona Field System" by Newman awarded. Most of the kola lands were awarded to the high (1970b). He described it as a system with well defined field chiefs, who often used or sold the land for grazing. boundaries of stacked stone oriented with the long axis perpendiculartotpe sea. The system stretched from Kealakekua In Phase V (c. AD 1850-modern times) the shift from the Bay to Kona and included a wide variety of agricultural use of the kola lands from agriculture to grazing for cattle, features and related activity areas. horses, goats and sheep was complete. Some permanent habitations associated with ranches were located in the kola Phase IV (c. AD 1779-1850) marks the beginning of zone. From 1$60 to 1900 the population declined and then change due to contact with western cultures. At the beginning increased. The population in North Kona was 1,753 in 1890 of this phase, the uplands continued to be developed for but had risen to 3,819 by 1900. Most of this increase was agriculture, and the kola subzone was used for gardens. probably the result of the migration of people from outlying 1311-011193 Introduction 8 areas into the urban regions of Kailua and Keahou. The composed chiefly of lava, but herbs and shrubbery grow on population in Kona has greatly increased since 1900. In it and [it is] suitable for feed of sheep and goats" (see modern times, a shift in use of the kola is again taking place, Appendix B:10}. with housing subdivisions and commerce zones taking over former ranching areas. Based on the above information, it was deemed likely that azchaeological features in the project area would consist Implications for Current Study of scattered concentrations of garden features, especially moundsand modified outcrops. Temporaryhabitation features, The projectazeaisinCordy's(1985)TransitionalZone. especiallycaveshelters,wouldperhapsbeassociatedwiththe The area extends from c. 350-1,150 m (1150-3770 ft) from concentrations. It was expected that radiocarbon date ranges the coast, and the elevation in the project azea is 7-26.0 m derivedfromtlrisprojectwouldshowtheazeawasnotutilized AMSL (20-85 ft). The zone today is characterized by baze before c. AD 1400. Evidence ofuse oftheareaforgrazing was rocklands and sparse vegetation. According to Cordy's also expected. model, it should contain only a few features, mostly associated with temporary habitation and transportation between the coast and the uplands. FIELD METHODS AND PROCEDURES The project area is in Schilt's kola zone. Schilt proposes The field work for the current project was conducted that the kola zone was not utilized for gardening until Phase October 14-22 by Field Archaeologists Marty Boudreau, II (AD 1400-1600/1650) and had no permanent habitations B.S., Sheryl Dowden, B.S., Mike Fager B.A., Mike Stubing, until Phase IV (1789-1850). Seasonal habitations were B.A., and Project Supervisor Constance R O'Hare, B.A. sometirnes associated with the garden areas. Schilt proposes Hawaii Projects Manager Donna K. Graves, M.A., and that small garden plots of sweet potatoes, wauke and gourds Principal Archaeologist Dr. Paul H_ Rosendahl provided were cultivated in this zone. overall guidance far the project. Severalmethodsofdrylandcultivationwerepracticedin The project area initially underwent a 100% surface the Konaarea,mostofwhichinvolvedclearingvegetationby survey. Theareawassurveyedbywayofnorthsouthpedestrian weeding or burning, clearing the planting ground of stones, sweeps, beginning at the northwestern corner of the project and mulching the ground over the planted crops with some area. Sweeping crew members were spaced c. 10.0 m apart. type of vegetation (grass, ferns, sugarcane tops, kukui leaves, The sweeps were numbered and flagged with blue and white etc.) (Handyand Handy 1972:105-109). Cleazedstoneswould flagging to insure complete coverage and to help relocate be piled into low walls or mounds. Garden areas at Kuakini sites. Identified sites were flagged with pink flagging and were characterized by such clearing piles stacked against were givenPHRItemporary(T-)numbers.Ofthe24temporary natural outcrops (Sclult 1984:40). The piles themselves might numbers assigned, six were either combined with other have been used for cultivation, as the stones would act as temporary sites during the recording phase, or were deleted mulch and retain surface moisture (Yen 1978:5). Sweet upon vegetation clearing and determination that the feature potatoes were grown on similar mounds: was non-cultural. Wethoughtthepeoplegenerallyindustrious:forin Aftercompletionofthepedestriansweeps,thesiteswere several less fertile parts ofthe district we saw small cleared of vegetation and were described on standazd PHRI pieces of lava thrown up in heaps, and potato vines site forms. Each feature was described in detail and was growing very well in the midst of them, though we illustrated and photographed. A metal site tag was secured couldscarcelyperceiveaparticleofsoil(Ellis 1979:239) around a rock at each site, and the location of this tag drawn on site map. The project number, T-number, and date were After 1850, the kola lands were converted to grazing written on each tag. The rock with the tag was then wrapped land. Keahuolu Ahupua`a was awarded to the ali'i Ane with pink flagging for easy relocation. The locations of all Keohokalole (d.1857) during the Great Mahele. Her sites were plotted on a topographic map of the project area descendants included King David Kalakaua, Queen Lydia provided by the client. After completion of the field work, Liliuokalani. and William Pitt Leleiohoku. Keahuolu was S1HP site numbers were assigned to the sites (°I`able 2}. described in a letter dated July 1, 1869, from David K. Kalakaua to his sister Liliuokalani. The letter listed resources Test units were placed at four features to test for cultural in the area and the crops grown on the land. The lower kola deposits and to obtain charcoal for radiocarbon dating. The area was described: "The flat land near the sea beach is units were excavated in natural layers to bedrock. All 1311-011193 Introduction 9 Table 2. CORRELATION OF SITE NUMBERS SIHP PHRI Temporary Site No. Site No. 00002 T-18 18502 T_2 18503 T-3 18504 T-4 18505 T-5 18506 T_6 18507 T_7 18508 T-8 18509 T-9 18510 T-10 18511 T-11 18512 T-13 18513 T-14 18514 T-16 18515 T-17 18516 T_20 18517 T-22 18518 T-24 State Inveraory of Historic Places (SIHP) numbers are five-digit numbers prefixed by SO-10-28 (SO=State of Hawaii; 10=Island of Hawaii; 28=USGS 7.5'series quad map ~`Kailua. Hawaii'J). cultural material from the units was screened through a 1/8- unit was drawn and the stratigraphic layers in. the unit were inch screen and was transported to the PHRI Hilo lab for described in accordance with Mansell Color Notation and analysis. All information on the testing was recorded on U.S. SoilConservation Service guidelines (Soil Survey Staff standard PHRI excavation forms. One profile of each test 1962). _ 1311-011193 10 FORMAL FEATURE TYPES AND Two walled overhangs (Sites 18508 and 18511) were FUNCTIONAL CATEGORIES determinedtohavebeenusedfortemporaryhabitation.'T'here were no artifacts or food remains at either overhang, so it is The features and sites identified during the present impossible to determine at what period the caves were used. inventory survey are described in detail in Appendix A, and Goat bones were found at one shelter, so it is possible that their locations are shown in Figtcre 2. The 38 identified these features are fairly recent constructions for tending or features consist ofmodified outcrops, pahoehce excavations, hunting goats. One filled depression (Site 18518) was filled depressions, ali~ztunents, mounds, terraces, walls, determined to have been used historically for temporary hearths, wailed overhangs, an enclosure, a kerbstone trail, a habitation. It was filled with recent trash. A low enclosure modified depression, a cairn, a cave shelter,~rnd a burial cave. with two interior walls (Site 18504} probably functioned as a The features had the following functions: agriculture, temporary habitation site. The presence of branch coral temporary habitation, temporary habitation/possibly fragments near the walls may mean this site also had a ceremonial, ceremonial (burial), historic dump, transportation, ceremonial function. quarry, marker, and indeterminate (Table 3). One cave (Site 1851 I) with a burial had a ceremonial Fourteen features at six sites were determined to have an fimction and one cairn (Site 18505) had a marker function. agricultural function. Seven of the features were modified Tluee pahoehoe excavations (]8510) were determined to outcrops {Sites 18505, 18~ 1 ~ and 185 l 6). The outcrops have quarry functions since the rock excavated had obviously consisted of stones which modified bare pahoehoe bedrock. been carried away from the site. A filled depression (Site Sanetinnes the stones were piled in a ring. All of the outcrops 18502) was determined, after excavation, to have functioned wereprobablyusedassmallplantingplots,possiblyforsweet as ahistoric dump. potatoes. The agricultural features included mounds and a pahoehoe excavation. Three ofthe fourmounds (Sites 18505 A kerbstone trail (Site 00002) running across the and 18516) consisted of small piles of stones atop bare southeastern corner of the project area. was identified as a bedrock. These mounds were probably used as planting plots section ofMamalahoaTrail. Othersections ofthis trail have for sweet potatoes or gourds. The pahoehoe excavation (Site been recorded to the north of the project azea. In Keahuolu 18507) was determined to have an agricultural function since Ahupua`a north of the project area (Donham 1990a:A-1), in theexcavatedrockhadbeenpiledinandaroundtheexcavation KealakeheAhupua`a(Donham1990b:A-1),andinKohana- area. The resulting feature was structurally similar to the iki Ahupua`a (O'T3aze and Goodfellow 1992:27) the trail modified outcrops. Three terraces (Site 18513) were also consisted of alignments ofkerbstones on the base pahcehce probably used as planting areas. or consisted of a gravel pavement raised only slightly (<0.20 m) above the ground surface aad bounded by Nine features at five sites were determined to have a kerbstones. In the project area, the trail construction differs. temporary habitation or habitation/possible ceremonial The trail is includes large boulders and is elevated up eo I.0 functions. Site 18506 is a cave shelter with two alignments m above the ground surface. Mamalahoa Trail was used in and two hearths. The cave floor was covered with dense early history as a horse trail. midden including burnt l.-rtlasi nut, marine shell, waterworn cobbles, branch coral fragments, and animal bone. Several The functions often features could not be determined. indigenous artifacts-a bone awl, a bone fish hook and a Fourfilleddepressions(Site 18503, 18505, 18509,18517and cowry shell octopus lure-were observed on the cave floor. 18518) consisted of narrow, shallow cracks in the pahcehce This material indicates a prehistoric or early post/contact bedrock. Thecrackswerefilledwithgtavelandsmallcobbles. habitation of the cave. The presence of waterworn cobbles The cracks could have been filled to prevent cattle from and branch coral fragments might indicate a ceremonial stumbling into them or they could be the result of bulldozer function for the shelter. Several coconut shell halves were grubbing. At two pahoehoe excavations (Sites 18505 and noted inside the cave. These were placed concave side up and 18511), rocks had been quarried but had not been removed were probably used to collect water dripping from the cave from the area. Neither were the rocks piled in a mound or ceiling. Two sheets of corrugated metal were observed placed in a ring to create a planting plot. The function of one outside the cave. Thismaterial may indicate the areawas used wall (Site 18514) and two alignments (18512 and 18515) for temporary habitation. could not be determined. One of the alignments (Site 18512) 1:~ 11-011193 Findings I1 O 100 200 300 ~ ` ~1~ ii ~ 1` r ft ~ ~ ~ ~ ( I 1 ~ , 1` ( k ~1 03roject Boundary ~r,• f~1'1"' ! ~~o ~t ~ Site "-''t..t~(' ~-a ~~~\l l~ ~~1 ~1\ r/ ,a~ !J/ ri s i ~r~ / 18517 r i 1-- c ~ 18515 ~ ~ ~~C _ ~ ~ ~ `~`_J ~ 185 f~~ ; ~ 8318 ~ 18513 ~ ~ ~ ~ 18515 ~ L ~ ~ " eF ~ ~ ~ /a ~ ( ~ ~ ®t 8512) \ ~ t ,~l ' ~ r 8510 ~ / ~1~~ ~ \~c~ ~ ~ ~ c~ `J ~ ~ 18508 ~ ~ X1851 1 ~ ~ ~ r,~ ~`J\ 8306 ~ ~ .z--~- 1 a5o~ ~ ~ ~ / Y ~ to X18504 ~ ) J• ~lasoz ~ f ! ~ 185A3 ~ , \ Q U ! ,~e _o;~~~^ i 1 ~ Q i~ + 1` \ _ . V Figure 2. SITE LOCATION MAP 1311-011193 Findings I2 Table 3. SITIVIMARY OF IDENTIFIED SITES AND FEATURES SIHP Formal Tentative CRM Value Field Work Site SitelFeature Functional Mode Assess. Tasks Completed No. Type Interpretation R I C DR SC EX 00002 Kerbstone trail Transportation M M H + _ _ 18502 Modified depression Historic dump L L L - - - 18503 Filled depression Indeterminate L L L - - - 18504 Complex (3)* Multiple L L L - - - A Enclosure Temp. habitation B Walls (2) Temp. habitation/ Poss. ceremonial 18505 Complex (7) Multiple L L L - - - A Cairn Marker B Pahoehoe excavation Indeterminate C Modified outcrop Agriculture D Modified outcrop Agriculture E Filled depression Indeterminate F Modified outcrop Agriculture G Modified outcrop Agriculture 18506 Complex (5) Multiple H L/M M + + + A Cave shelter Temp. habitation/ - Poss. ceremonial B Alignment Temp. habitation C Alignment Temp. habitation D Hearths (2) Temp. habitation State Inventory of Historic Places (SIHP) numbers. SIHP numbers are five-digit numbers pre, fixed by SO-10-27- (50=State of Hawaii; 10=Island of Hawaii; 27=IISGS 7.S'series quad map Keahole Point. Hawaii '7). Cudturad Resource Management (CRIV17 Value Mode Assessment Nature: R =scientific research I =interpretive C =cultural -Degree: H =high M =moderate L =low Field iFork 7`asks Corrapleted: DR =detailed recording (scaled drawings, photographs, acrd written descriptions) SC =surface collections EX =test excavations * =Number of component features within complex. 1311-011193 Findings 13 Table 3. (cant.} SI1dP Formal Tentative CRM Value Field Work Site Site/Feature Functional Mode Assess. Tasks Completed No. Type Interpretation R I C DR SC EX 18507 Pahoehoe excavation Agriculture L L L - - _ 18508 Walled overhang Temp. habitation L L L - - I8509 Complex (3) Multiple L L L - - _ A Mound Agriculture B Filled depression Indeterminate C Mound Agriculture 1$510 Pahoehoe Quany L L L - - - excavation (3) 18511 Complex (3) Multiple L L * - - A Walled overhang Temp. habitation B Pahoehoe excavation Indeterminate C Burial cave Ceremonial 18512 Alignment Indeterminate L L L - - - 18513 Complex (3) Agriculture M L L + - + A Terrace Agriculture B Terrace Agriculture C Terrace Agriculture 18514 Wall Indeterminate L L L - - - 18515 Complex (3) Agriculture L L L + - - A Modified outcrop Agriculture B Modified outcrop Agriculture C Alignment Indeterminaze 18516 Complex (2) Agriculture L L L - - - A Mound Agriculture B Modified outcrop Agriculture 18517 Filled depression Indeterminate L L L - - - 18518 Complex (2) Multiple M L L + - - A Filled depression Habitazion B Mound Indeterminate * Features t1 and 8 of this site have !ow research, information arad cultural values and need no further field work Feature C has a high cul rural val ue and needsfunher recording only if the burial is to be disinterred. 1311-011193 Findings 14 consisted of a ring of large boulders atop bare bedrock. It According to Rosendahl (1979:4), most of the project azea might have been constructed historically as a campfire ring. had never been surveyed before. The extreme northwestern The function of one mound (Site I 8518), at a site with recent corner of the project area, however, was just within the historic trash, could not be determined. southern boundary of Keahuolu lands surveyed by Ching (1978}. According to the report map, two sites recorded by Ching, Site 50-10-27-6545, a cairn, and Site 50-10-27-6547, SITE AND FEATURE DISTRIBUTION a cave shelter, aze within the current survey area. Eight of the 18 sites identified during the inventory Rosendahl found one cairn (Feature A) in the extreme survey are clustered in the northwestern cornerofthe project northwestern corner of the current project area, and one area (Sites 18502 to 18509), c. 30-90.0 m from Kuakini walled overhang (Feature B) fiuther inland, along the HighwayandtheOldKonaAirport.Thisareaconsistsofbare, northern boundary of the project area. He indicated that slightly undulating pahcehoe flats, and elevation in the area these two features could not be positively identified as the is c. 7.0-8.0 m AMSL (20-25 ft). There are some indications same two features noted by Ching. A cairn (Feature A of ofrecenthistoricuseandmodificationofthisarea.Fiveofthe Site 18505) and a walled overhang (Site 18508) were sites comprise single features, five sites are complexes. The observednearthenorthernborderoftheprojectareaduring features at these sites were determined to have the following the current inventory survey. The description and location functions: indeterminate, temporary habitation, agriculture, of the cairn observed by Rosendahl (Feature A) does not marker, and possible ceremonial. match very well with the location and description for Feature A of Site 18505. It is possible that the cairn Three oftee sites (Sites 18510 to 18512) aze atelevations observed by Rosendahl has been destroyed by recent of9.0-10.0 m (35-40 ft) AMSL and are clusteredneara series bulldozing. The location and description of the walled of large upthrusted pahoehoe outcrops. Two of the three sites overhang observed by Rosendahl (Feature B) and the comprise single features, and one site consists of three walled overhang recorded during flee current survey (Site features. The features at the three sites were determined to 18508) are very similar; it is likely these two features are one have the following fractions: quarry, temporary habitation, and the same. ceremonial, and indeterminate. There was some evidence for use of this area in historic times, possibly for overnight Rosendahl noted a petroglyph (Feature C) along the camping• northeastern border ofthe project area. The petroglyph was a triangular human figure etched on the pahcehce bedrock. The rest ofthe sites (six sites; Sites 18513 to 18518) were The feature was not relocated during the current inventory clustered in the southeastern corner of the project area. The survey. It was either obscured by vegetation or had been terrain in the area is uneven, with many small upthrusted destroyedbybulldozing. Rosendahlalsoobservedacomplex pahoehce bedrock outcrops. This is the only portion of the of lowmounds and platforms (Feature n inthe southeastern project area with soil development and thick vegetation. corner of the project area. Several concentrations of low Elevation oftee azea is c. 14-18 m (45-60 ft} AMSL. The six mounds and terraces were recorded during the current sites consisted of two single-component sites and four survey. The concentration noted by Rosendahl may be a complexes ofatotal often componentfeatures.The functions portion of Sites 18513, 18515, 18516 or 18518. Rosendahl of the features were determined to be either indeterminate, observed an enclosure (Feature J) with barbed wire just transportation, agricultural, or for historic temporary outside the extreme southeastern corner ofthe project area. habitation. All of the sites were close to Mamalahoa Trail Since Rosendahl's survey, the area has been extensively (Site 00002). bulldozed and there no trace of the features remain. In summary, only one (Feature B) of the five feature/ CORRELATION WITgI feature clusters observed by Rosendahl was reidentified (Site PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED FEATi)R]ES 18508) during this survey. Feature I may be a portion of severalsites recorded in the southeastern cornerofthepnoject Rosendahl (1979) conducted none-day reconnaissance area. Features A, C, and J have probably been destroyed by survey of the project area and two other Liliuokalani Trust bulldozing, which is evident around the edges ofthe project Land parcels (Areas 1-3) and recorded 13 (A-Ivi) feature/ area. The two features noted by Ching in the northwestern feature clusters. Five ofthe 13 clusters were in Area 1, which corner of the project area have probably also been destroyed is identical to the present inventory survey project area. by bulldozing. 1311-011193 Findings 1 S SUBSURFACE FINDINGS thick. The soil was a dark gray (1 OYR 4/1 when moist) loam with a moderate, fine to medium angular blocky structure and Site 18506 is a cave shelter with many interior features, a loose, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic consistence. adensemiddenofecofacts,andscatteredindigenousartifacts- This layer terminated on pahoehce bedrock. No cultural including a bone fishhook and a cowry octopus lure. The bone material was recovered from this layer. fishhook was collected from the surface but the cowry Lure was left in place. Two possible hearths were inside the cave. Feature C at Site 18511 included a scatter of human One of these hearths was bisected and excavated. The hearth bones (mostly finger and toe bones) on the cave floor. There was excavated in one layer to bedrock. Layer I (0-0.08 m BS) was an area ofpiled stones near the entrance ofthe cave, and was ashy soi10.02-0.06 m thick. The soil was a black (1 OYR a filled depression in the central area of the cave. Enough 2/1 when wet) to very dark grayish brown (lOYR 3/2 when rocks were moved in these two azeas to determine if an dry) silt with no structure and had a loose, loose, non-sticky, articulated burial was under the rocks. Only a few more non-plastic consistence. The soil was screened and marine scattered bones were found. It is probable that a complete gastropods (Nerira picea and Cypraea caputserpentis), burial was once present in the cave, but was later removed. echinoidremainsandkukuinutshell fragmentswererecovered. One puke (Conus sp.) shell was observed in the piled stones Further work, including more detailed recording and neazthe entrance. A cleazpatentmedicine glass bottle inside excavation is needed at this site. More chazcoal or ashy the cave was collected. material needs to be collected for dating purposes. Feature A of Site 18516 was a small, low mound (1.50 One site (Site 18502) is amodified depression filled with m by 1.20 m by 0.35 m high) on a fractured pahoehce recent trash. A 50.0 m by 50.0 m test unit (T[J-2) was outcrop. The northern and western sides of the feature were excavated into the bottom of the depression to see if any outlined with large pahoehoe boulders. In view of the prehistoric material was present under the trash. The unit was unusual care taken to construct this mound, it was thought . excavated in three natural layers to bedrock. Layer I (0-0.12 it might contain a burial. A 1.0 m by 1.0 m test unit ('I'U-3) m BS) was organic debris and historic trash c. 0.08-0.12 m was excavated into the mound, in two natural layers, to thick. There was no soil. Fragments of alturtinum foil, bedrock. Layer I (0.00-0.24 m BS} was pahcehce cobbles window pane, bottle glass, dog bones and crustaceanremains and boulders 0.05 to 0.14 m thick. 1Vo soil or cultural were recovered. Layer II (0.11-0.20 m BS) was gravelly loam material was present. Layer R (0.09-0.25 m BS) was silt 0.08-0.09 m thick. The soil was a black (lOYR 2/1 when 0.005-0.01 m thick. This layer terminated on bedrock. The moist) loam with a moderate, fine to medium angular blocky sail was a dark brown (7.5 YR 3/2 when moist} silt with a structure and a loose, friable, sticky, slightly plastic moderate, fine to medium granular texture and a loose, consistence. Fragments of alumintun foil, window pane, friable, sticky, and slightly plastic consistence. No cultural bottleglass,dogbonesandcrustaceanremainswererecovered. material was observed. A sample of this soil was collected Layer III {0.20-0.24 m BS) was gravelly loam 0.01-0.04 m for possible pollen analysis. 1311-011193 16 S DISCUSSION introduced crops in Phase IV. During Phase IV the areawas used as part of a transportation system (Mamalahoa Trail). Several settlement and land-use models have been During Phase V the project area may have been used for formulated for the North Kona. area. The models divide the grazing of goats and sheep (there is some documentary area into environmental zones based on distance from the evidence to support this). seashore, elevation,rainfall, vegetation, cultivatedcrops,and native concepts of land use. Cordy's model (1985) has three zones: the Coastal, the Transitional, and the Upland Zone. RESEARCH GOALS Schilt's (1984) model has four zones: the kola, the kaluulu, the ama `u, and the apa `a. Research goals for the next phase of the project would include the collection of more charcoal from Site 18506 in The project area falls within Cordy's Transitional Zone order to date the site. Pollen samples could also be collected andSchilt'skulazone. AccordingtoCordy'smodel,prehistoric from agricultural features at Sites 18513, 18515 and 18518, features in this zone are few and usually comprise mauka- in order to determine the types ofnative or introduced crops makai trails and caves for temporary habitation. According to grown in the features. Further clearing of Mamalahoa Trail Schilt, the kola zone was used from prehistoric to early post- may reveal different construction techniques used to build contact times for small gardens of sweet potatoes and gourds. the trail. Temporary habitation features were sometimes associated with the garden areas. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE _ The sites identifiedintheprojectareagenerallyconformed ASSESSMENTS AND REC0111II0'IENDED with the predictive models. Several clusters of agricultural GENERAL TREATMENTS features were identified. Three features that may have been usedforprehistorictemporaryhabitationwerealsoidentified. General significance assessments and recommended The habitation features may have been associated with the treatments for sites in the project area are given in Table 4. garden areas, although they are not directly associated with Significance categoriesusedinthe siteevaluationprocessare the areas. based on the National Register criteria for evaluation, as outlined in the Code of Federal Regulations (3 6 CFR Part 60). Schilt constructed a chronology for settlement and land DLNR-SHPD uses these criteria for evaluating cultural use in the kola zone. According to her chronology, only resources. Sites determined to be potentially significant for temporary habitations were present in the zone during Phase information content fall under Criterion D, which defines I (AD 1050-1400). During Phases II and ffi (AD 1400-1750) significant resources as ones which "...have yielded, or may small garden areas were developed, often with associated be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or seasonaltemporaryhabitationfeatures.DuringPhaseN(AD history." Sites potentially significant as representative 1779-1850) contact with non natives led to new crops in the examples of site types are evaluated under Criterion C, which zone. The contact also brought depopulation, caused by defines significant resources as those which "...embody the disease, famine, and a shift in economics. During Phase V distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of (AD 1850-modem times) use of the kola shifted to grazing construction...orthatrepresentasignificantanddistinguishable land. In recent times, the l~ztla has been increasingly used for entity whose components may lack individual distinction." housing subdivisions and industrial expansion. Sites with potential cultural significance are evaluated Unfortunately, this project did not yield date ranges, so underguidelinespreparedbytheAdvisoryCouncilonHistoric it is difficult to determine the phase in which the project area Preservation (ACHP) entitled "Guidelines for Consideration was initially occupied. A possible hearth was excavated in of Traditional Cultural Values in Historic Preservation a cave shelter (Feature A, of Site 1850, but the soil Review" (ACHP Draft Report, August 1985). The guidelines collected did not contain enough charcoal for a radiocarbon define cultural value as "The contributionmade by anhistoric determination. Tire project area, however, does include propertytoanongoingsocietyorculturalsystem.Atraditional many small agricultural features which could have been culturalvalueisaculturaivaluethathashistoricaldepth."The used to grow native Polynesian crops during Phases I-III, or guidelines further specify that " [a] property need not have 1311-011193 Conclusion 17 Table SI:i~?ZMA12Y OF GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENTS AND RECOMMENDED GENERAL TREATMENTS PHRI Significance Category Recommended Treatment Site Number A X B C FDC NFW PID PAI 18502 - + _ _ _ + _ _ 18503 - + - _ _ + _ _ 18504 - + - - _ + _ _ 18505 - + - - _ + _ _ 18507 - + - _ _ + _ _ 18508 - + - _ _ + _ _ 18509 - + _ _ _ + _ _ 18510 - + - - _ + _ _ 18512 - + - _ _ + _ _ 18514 - + - _ _ + _ _ 18516 - + - _ _ + _ _ 18517 - + _ _ _ + _ _ 18506 + - - - + ~ 18513 + _ _ _ _ _ _ 18515 + _ _ _ + _ _ _ 18518 + _ _ _ + _ _ _ 00002 + - + + + - + _ 18511 i„ p - - - _ # y .o a~.4. :.:J.::::~::. ~::i1: is ili::..:rr::i: ~ :::':i~.L...':'i:::?:i::.:::_::.-.~/:¢.:r.:::~:::r:ri:::ni}p.:i:<::iv'j:::~~::ti~::?qq~:::::: i~:,~; ::A?.. 1 4.:. .,Y.'...:,.::'.;:.;,,'Z>,'~+ ;;::;;<,.::~:..;:::6::;:.;':i;':y:~'ii:::~~G2:i:::i:j:: ....1...... ......i..:;:?;:. General Significance Categories: .1 = Important for information content, further data collection necessary (PlirRl=research value); X = Important for information content, no further data collection »ecessary (PfIRI=research value, SHPD=not significant) B =Excellent example of site type at local, regional, island state, or national Ieve1 (PHRI=interpretive value); and C = Culturally significant (PHRI=cultural value). Recomrneraded Genera! Treatments: FDC Further data collection necessary (detailed recording, surface collectiorz~ and limited excavatioiir, and possibly subsequent data recavery/rnilagation excavations); NFR~ = No further work of arty kind necessary, sufjicien8 data collected archaeological clearance recommended, no preservation potential,• PID = Preservation with some level of interpretive development recommended (including appropriate related data recovery work); PRI =Preservation "as is with no further work (ond possible inclusion into IandreapingJ, or possibly minimal further data collection necessary • Provisional recommendation pending Hawaii Island Burial Council decision. _ . 1311-011193 Conclusion 1 g been in consistent use since antiquity by a cultural system in and excavation is necessary forthe cave shelter (Site 1850, order to have traditional cultural value. which is located in the northwestern comer of the project area. The other three sites are in azeas ofdense vegetation in To further facilitate management decisions regarding the southeastern comer of the project area. It is possible that the subsequenttreatment ofresources,the general significance additional features will be found with fiuther clearing of the oftheazchaeologicalresourcesidentifiedduringtheinventory area. If additional features aze found, fiarther recording at survey are evaluatedin terms ofpotential scientific research, these sites would be necessary and a representative sample interpretive,and/orculturalvalues(PHRICultural Resource of the features at each site should be tested for subsurface Management [CRM] Value Modes). Research value, refers material. to the potenrial of archaeological resources for producing information useful in the understanding of culture history, One site was assessed as significant under National past lifeways, and cultural processes at the local, Register Criterion C and D (GSA Categories A and B), as regional,and interregional levels of organization. well as having moderate cultural value (GSA Category C). Interpretive valuerefers tothe potential ofarchaeological This site is a portion ofMamalahoa Trail (Site 00002). This resources for public education and recreation. Cultural site requires further data collection. The exact location of valuerefers to the potential ofazchaeologicalresourcesfor MamalahoaTrailshouldbeplottedbyprofessionalsurveyors the preservation and promotion of cultural and ethnic andconstructiontechniquesofthissectionshouldberecorded. identity and values. These three value modes are derived Preservation with interpretive development of this site is from the above state and federal evaluation criteria. The recommended. values for these three criteria for each site in the project area are given in Table 2, along with the type of additional field One site (Site 18511) is assessed as significant under work needed, if any. National RegisterCriterionD(GSACategoryA,information content) and as having high cultural value (GSA Category Based on the above federal criteria, 1 b of the 18 sites C), due to the presence of human remains. This site consists identifiedduringthecurrentprojectareassessedassignificant ofawalledoverhang,amodifiedoutcrop,andacave.Within solely for information content. No further work is the cave are scattered human finger and toe bones (Feature recommended for 12 ofthe 16 sites. These 12 sites (modified C). Only Feature C is provisionally recommended for further depressions, filled depressions, walls, pahoehoe excavations, data collection and provisional preservation "as is." A final modified outcrops, mounds, and an enclosure, a walled decision on preservation or dasinterment of the scattered overhang and a cairn) are generally isolated agricultural bones will be made by the Hawaii Island Burial Council. The features which lack cultural deposits and portable remains; other two features need no further work. theyhave beenmeasured, mapped, described, photographed, plotted, and selected examples have been excavated. The The assessments and recommendations presented here data collected during the present survey is considered have been based on the findings on an inventory survey of sufficient; their preservation is not essential. the project area. There is always the possibility, however remote, that potentially significant, unidentified surface and Further data collection is recommended for four of the subsurface cultural remains will be encountered in the 16 sites. Sites 18506, 18513, 18515 and 18518 consist of course offintherazchaeologicalinvestigationsorsubsequent clusters of terraces, modified outcrops, a cave shelter, an development activities. In such situations, archaeological alignment,afilleddepressionandamound.Furtherrecording consultation should be sought immediately. 1311-011193 19 ~ ~ ACHP (Advisory Council on Historic Preservation) 1985 Guidelines for Consideration of Traditional Cultural Values in Historic Preservarion Review. Washington, D.C.: Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. (Draft Report, August). Bevacqua, R.F. 1972 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of a Portion of Keahuolu, Kona, Hawaii Island. Letter Report, Dept. Anthro. B.P. Bishop Museum. CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) 36 CFR Part b0 National Register of Historic Places. Washington, D.C.: Dept. Interior, National Park Service. Ching, F.K.W. 1978 Archaeological Reconnaissance of Liliuokalani Trust Lands, Keahuolu, Kona, Hawaii. Report 14-1391. Archaeological Research Center Hawaii, Inc. Prepared for Belt, Collins & Associates. Cordy, R. 1981 A Study of Prehistoric Social Change: The Development of Complex Societies in the Hawaiian Islands. New York: Academic Press. 1985 Working Paper 1, Hawaii Island Archaeology, Ooma& KalaoaAhupua`a, Kekaha, North Kona. HHS, DLIVR. Donham, T.K. 1986 Full Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, Kohana-Ild Development Project Area. Land of Kohana-Ilci, North Kona, Island ofHawaii (TMK:3-7-3-09:3,14). PHRI Report 216-040286. Prepared for Helber, Hastert, Van Horn & Kimura. 1990a Archaeological Inventory Survey, Queen Liliuokalani Trust Property, Land ofKeahuolu, North KonaDistrict, Island of Hawaii (TMK:3-7-4-8:Por.2,12). ~PHRI Report 596-021290. Prepazed for Belt, Collins and Associates. 1990b Archaeological Inventory Survey, Kealakehe Planned Community Project Area, Lands of Kealakehe and Keahuolu, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii. PHRI Report 652-010890. Prepared for Belt, Collins and Associates. Ellis, W. 1979 Journal of William Ellis. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Co. Emory, K.P. 1970 Inventory ofArchaeological and Historical Sites in the Districts of Konaand Ka`u andin Anaehoomalu, South Kohala, Island ofHawaii. Report 70-12. Dept. Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum Report 61-1 (Reprinted 1971). Prepared for Dept. Land and Natural Resources, State of Hawaii. 1311-011193 References Cited 20 Estioko-Griffin, A., and G.W. Lovelace 1980 Archaeological Reconnaissance of Old Kona Airport State Park, Kailas-Kona, Island of Hawaii. TMK 7_5_ 05:7. Historic Sites Section, Dept. Land and Natural Resources, State of Hawaii. Folk, W.H. 1980 Archaeological Survey and Selective Subsurface Testing of Liliuokalani Trust Lands, Keahuolu, Kona, Hawaii Island. Report 14139 II. Archaeological Reseazch Center Hawaii. Prepared for Liliuokalani Trust Estate. Fake, S., and V. Goldstein 1978 Letter Report to SHPO/DLNR regazding the Old Kona Airport State Pazk. Historic Sites Section, Dept. Laad and Natural Resources, State of Hawaii. Bandy, E.S.C., and E.G. Handy 1972 Native Planters in Old Hawaii. B.P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 233. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. (With M.K. Fukui) Hommon, R.J. 1976 The Formation of Primitive States in Pre-Contact Hawaii. Ph.D. dissertation (Anthropology), University of Arizona. Kelly, M. 1983 Na Mala o Kona: Gardens of Kona: A History of Land Use in Kona, Hawaii. Departmental Report Series 83-2. Dept. Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum. Kinney, H.W. 1913 The Island ojHawai 'i. Hilo: Published by Henry Wadsworth Kinney. Kirch, P.V. 1980 Polynesian Prehistory: Cultural Adaptation in Island Ecosystems. American Scientist 68:39-48. 1985 Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Lili`uokalani Children's Center 1981 Status Report. Lili`uokalani Trust. Macdonald, G.A., A.T. Abbott, and F.L. Peterson 1983 Volcanoes in the Sea. The Geology of Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. (Second edition) Neighbor Island Consultants 1973 An Assessment of Environmental Impact Resulting from the Development of Kailas Park, Kailas Kona, Hawaii. Prepared for the County of Hawaii. 1311-011193 References Cited 21 Neller, E. 1980 An Archaeological Reconnaissance at the Old Kona Airport Beach Park, Keahuolu and Lanihau, Kona, Hawaii. Historic Sites Section, Division of State Parks, Dept. Land and Natural Resources, State of Hawaii. Newman, T.S. 1970a Hawaiian Fishing and Farming on the Island ofHawaii in A.D. 1778. Division ofSate Pazks, DLNR, Honolulu. 1970b Report on Reconnaissance at Old Kona Airport. Letter on file, Historic Sites Section, Dept. Land and Natural Resources, State of Hawaii. O'Hare, C.12., and S.T. Goodfedlodv 1992 Kohana-Ilci Resort, Phased Archaeological Mitigation Program, Phase II -Data Recovery, Land of Kohana- Iki, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii (TMK:3-7-3-09:3). Prepared for Nansay, Hawau, Inc. Pukui, M.K., and S.H. Elbert 1971 Hawaiian Dictionary. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pukui, M.K., S.H. Elbert, and E.T. Mookini 1974 Place Names of Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Reinecke, J.E. 1930 Survey of Sites on West Hawaii. Ms. Dept. Anthro., B.P. Museum. I2osendahl, P.H. 1979 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of Certain Liliuokalani Trust Properties, (TMK:3-7-4-08: Por.l, Por.2, Por.12), Kailas-Kona, Island of Hawaif. PHRI Report 18-071679. Prepared for Belt, Collins and Associates. Sato, H.H., W.Ikeda, RPaeth, RSanythe, and M.Takehiro, Jr. 1973 Soil Survey of the Island of Hawaii, State of Hawaii. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and University of Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station. U. S. Government Printing Office. Schilt, R 1984 Subsistence and Conflict in Kona, Hawaii. An Archaeological Study of the Kuakini Highway Realignment Corridor. Departmental Report Series 84-1. Dept. Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum. Prepared for Dept. of Transportation, State of Hawaii. Schmitt, RC. 1973 The Missionary Censuses of Hawaii. Pacific Anthropological Records No. 2, Dept. Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum. 1977 Historical Statistics of Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 1311-0/ 1193 References Cited 22 Sinoto, A. 1975 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of a Proposed Access Road Corridor at Keahuolu, Island of Hawaii. Ms. 060575. Dept. Anthro., B.P.Bishop Museum. Prepared for Belt, Collins & Associates. Soehren, L.J. 1983 Letter Report on a °I'en-Acre Parcel on a Proposed Addition to Liliuokalani Village, Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii. Prepared for Affordable Homes on Hawaii. Soil Survey Staff 1962 Soil Survey Manual. U:S. Dept. Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. Handbook No. 18. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. Stearns, H.T., and G.A. Macdonald 1946 Geology and Ground-water Resources of the Island Of Hawaii. Hawaii Division ofHydrography Bulletin 9. Stokes, J.F.G. 1919 Notes on Hawaiian Heiaus. Ms. Dept. Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum. Wilkes, C. 1845 Narrativeofthe UniredStatesExploringExpeditionDuringtheYears1838-1842, Vo1.4.UndertheCommand of C. Wilkes, U.S.N. Philadelphia: Loa and Blanchard. Yen, D.E. 1978 A Preliminary Report on the Archaeological Survey of March 1978, and its Bearing on the Amy Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden Planning. Ms., Dept. Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum. 1311-011!93 A-1 ~ ~ ~ ` SITE AND FEATURE DESCRIPTIONS SITE NO.: State: 00002 PHRI: T-18 DIMENSIONS: 5.00 m by 4.25 m by 1.60 m (max. depth) SITE TYPE: Kerbstone trail DESCRIPTION: Site 18502 is a modified depression that TOPOGRAPHY: Pahcehce flows with numerous outcrops was formed when a lava blister collapsed. This site is in the and pressure ridges southwest portion of the project area. There is a great deal of VEGETATION: Koa-haole, ~zawe, fountain grass, and recenttrashatthebottomofthedepression,andasemicircular California grass. rock alignment has been constructed around a small portion SITE ELEVATION: 15-16 m AMSL (about one-fifth) of the lip of the depression. CONDITION: Fair to good IlVTEGRITY: Unaltered The lip of the depression is rather triangulaa, with the PROBABLE AGE: Historic comers at the north, southwest, and southeast oriented at 90°/ FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION: Transportation 270°. A semicircular alignment of pahcehoe cobbles and DIMENSIONS: 290.00 m by 3.80 m by I.00 m (max. height) boulders was placed around the north comer for c. 1.25 m on DESCRIPTION: Site 00002 is a section of a kerbstone trail. the east side and 2.75 m on the west side. There is also an The trail is oriented at 150° to 330° and cuts across the alignment of three pahoehce boulders on the west side of the southeast comer ofthe project area. It has been destroyed on southwest corner. The rocks are c. 0.10-0.65 m in diameter. the north end by the construction of the Queen Kaahumanu There are a couple of places where the rocks are stacked up Highway, and on the south end by construction of the to two courses high. These cobbles and boulders are not industrial center. The trail continues north on the east side of weathered, and some have scratched surfaces, similar to Queen Kaahumanu Highway oueside the project area. The boulders inotherareaswithbulldozerdisturbance.Therefore, trail is identified asasectionoftheMamalahoaTrailorKing's this alignment may be the result of bulldozer push. Trail, a historic trail for horses that ran from the Kona District to the Kohala District. This trail is classified as a Type B trail The bottom of the depression is 0.90-1.60 m below the (Dunham 1986:18), which is a trail for horses built on top of lip. It is filled with cobbles, some soil, and recent trash. This amore ancient foot trail (Apple 1965:65. It is referred to as trash consists of large metal rusted cans, glass bottles, a "belt road" by Pukui, Elbert, and Mookini (1974:144), and plastic, and pieces of aluminum foil. A 0.50 m by 0.50 m test as the "Old Beach Road" on a map of the Land Grant 3068 to unit (TU-2) was excavated into the bottom of the depression Kapena, dated 1863. to see if any prehistoric material was below the recent historic trash. The unit was excavated to bedrock (0.24 m The trail nuts through a variety of terrain, and the height BS). Bottle glass, window glass, dog bones, crustacean andconstructiontechniquesusedinthetrailvaryaccordingly. remains, and small pieces of aluminum foil were recovered In some areas, the trail is level with the surrounding ground from the test unit. It seems likely that this depression was surface and is defined only by an alignment ofkerbstones. In used as a dump in historic times. There is no evidence for other areas, the trail is elevated up to 1.00 m above the ground prehistoric use. surface, the sides are faced with large cobbles and boulders, and the surface is paved with gravel. A large iron ring (wheel The feature may have been altered from a camp site to a rim?) was observed on the trail at one point. dump site. It is in poor to fair condition. The portable remains consisted of recent historic trash only. SITE NO.: State: 18502 (Figure r1-1) PHRI: T-2 SITE TYPE: Modified depression SITE NO.: State: 18503 PHRI: T-3 TOPOGRAPHY: Relatively level, undulating pahoehce SITE TYPE: Filled depression flow TOPOGRAPHY: Relatively flat pahoehoe flows VEGETATION: Fountain grass, kiawe, and Lantana. VEGETATION: Fountain grass and kiawe. SITE ELEVATION: 7 m AMSL SITE ELEVATION: 8 m AMSL CONDITION: Fair CONDITION: Good INTEGRITY: Unaltered INTEGRITY: Unaltered PROBABLE AGE: Historic PROBABLE AGE: Indeterminate FUNCTIONAL IlVTERPRETATION: Historic dump FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION: Indeterminate 1311-011193 ~Ippenclir A ,4_2 00° ~ op PAHOEHOE O~~ r r _ ~ ~ ~ - - - ~ , _ PAHOEt10E LANYANA CANS i ~ ~ . ` n, ~O FOUNYAIH GRASS 8 WEEDS ? • - 1 L•~: ~J~-~ PAHOEHOE N o s ,o t4 I I I rrt o ~ s ~ DEPRESSION (COLLAPSED B6ISTER) =~1=~= = LEDGE BELOW DEPRESSION Figure A-1. Site 18502 1311-011193 Appendix rl A-3 DIMENSIONS: 6.10 m by 1.25 m by 0.05 m (max. depth) The feature is unaltered and in excellent condition. No DESCRIPTION: Site 18503 isafilleddepression.Ashallow portable remains or cultural deposits were observed at the Y-shaped crack in level pahoehoe bedrock is filled with feature. pahoehoe gravel, cobbles, and small boulders to the level of the ground surface. The rocks aze c. 0.05-0.30 m in diameter. FEATURE B: Walls (2) The crack is c. 0.15-0.75 m wide in each branch of the Y- FUNCTION: Temporary habitation/Possibly ceremonial shape, but widens to 1.2~ m at the junction of the three DIMENSIONS: 3.20 m by 3.00 m by 0.44 m (max, height) branches. Each branch is c.2.00-3.00 m long. The depth ofthe DESCRIPTION: Feature B consists of two parallel walls crack could not be determined, but it is probably fairly inside the east half of an enclosure (Feature A). These walls shallow (c. < 0.05 m deep). The crack may have been filled are oriented at 96°/276° and aze at a slight angle (c. 10°) to for planting purposes or to make a level surface for cattle. The the maj or axis of the enclosure walls. They are 0.25 m from feature is unaltered and in good condition. No portable the west wall of the enclosure and are about midway remains or cultural deposits were observed at this feature. between the north and south walls. The walls are constructed of small pahoehoe cobbles to small boulders stacked three to six courses high on bare pahoehoe bedrock. The rocks are SITE NO.: State: 18504 (Figure A-2) PHRI: T-4 c. 0.075-0.30 m in diameter. The walls aze 1.05 m apart SITE TYPE: Complex (2 Features) towards the middle, 0.50 m apart at the east end, and only TOPOGRAPHY: Fairly level, undulating pahoehoe flows 0.20 m apart at the west end. The walls are c. 1.00 m wide, VEGETATION: Fountain glass, lantana, `ilima, kiawe, and c. 0.44 m high, and are faced on the interior side. The exterior Christmas-berry. Anoni tree is due westat c. 50.00 m. A large sides slope gradually down to ground level. ~zawe tree had fallen over the east wall of the enclosure. SITE ELEVATION: 6 m AMSL The feature is unaltered and in excellent condition. One CONDITION: Excellent branch coral fragment (c. 0.20-0.30 m in diameter) was INTEGRITY: Unaltered observed at the east end of the two walls. A second branch PROBABLE AGE: Prehistoric coral fragment (c. 0.10 m in diameter) was observed on the FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION: Multiple outside of the south parallel wall. These fragments may be DESCRIPTION: This site complex consists of one evidence foraceremorual fiutction forthe site. Anopihi shell enclosure (Feature A) and two parallel walls (Feature B-2) was found c. 3.00 m west of the south wall. No cultural inside the enclosure. The site measures c. 18.00 m (86°/ deposits were present at this feature. 266°) by ] 3.50 m. The site is in the northwest portion of the project area. SITE NO.: State: 18505 (Figure A-3) PHRI: T 5 FEATURE A: Enclosure SITE TYPE: Complex (7 Features) FUNCTION: Temporary habitation TOPOGRAPHY: Relatively level undulating pahoehce DIMENSIONS: 18.00 m by 13.50 m by 0.60 m (max. height) flow DESCRIPTION: FeatureAisawalledrectangularenclosure, VEGETATION: Fountain grass, Lantana, kiawe. with the longest wall oriented at 86°/266°. The walls are SITE ELEVATION: 8 m AMSL constructed of subangular pahcehce cobbles and boulders. CONDITION: Fair The west, south, and north walls are constructed with small IIVTEGRITY: Unaltered to medium sized cobbles that are c. 0.05-0.20 m in diameter. PROBABLE AGE: Prehistoric The east wall is constructed with small to medium boulders FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION: Multiple that are c.0.20-0.60 m in diameter. A few smaller cobbles aze DESCRIPTION: Site 18505 consists of one cairn (Feature also used in this side. The walls of the enclosure are c. 0.80- A), one pahoehce excavation (Feature B), one filled depression 1.20 m wide for the east wall and c. 1.50-2.00 m wide for the (Feature E}, and fourmodified outcrops (Features C, D, F, and other three walls. All four sides are composed ofrocks stacked G). There are weathered cowry shell fragments onthe bedrock one to three courses high on top of bare, level pahcehoe between the features. The site measures c. 28.00 m (160°/ bedrock. The walls range from O.17-0.60 m high, with an 340°) by 12.00 m. average height of c. 0.30 m. The southeast corner has collapsed, but the other three comers form sharp right angles. FEATURE A: Cairn The interior of the enclosure has been cleared of all rubble. FUNCTION: Marker There isa 1.60 mby 1.SOm semicircularalignmentofcobbles DIMENSIONS: 1.60 m by 1.60 m by 0.56 m (max. height) and boulders constructed against the exteriorofthe westwall. DESCRIPTION: Feature A is a circular cairn constructed of 1311-011193 Appendix A ~q O Y ~ O G O w W 1 • O • m O ~ po ~ ~ D° ° ~ b asp ~o° e°. 0 T o~ ao 0 ~:ooeeo° ~ OO ° r C/_ Op o °0 - b °o_s e~ E e O. ep J(T o ~O Qo(!"•O ~ a~ O O _ Ar, G X70 ~ cS e O Q W p C~ W wT: °8 _ • ^o~ F. ~ O~~ ?,emu • ooo~°~°, ~ ~P it = °D ~ s 0 0 ~ a s o • ° e~ O • ~ °.r ' ~ }1 OD~ o pj~Opa°O ° o' e o~o° ° O e 1 • ~•e c~°' • ~S e 8~~ • ~ °p ~lgoE~o °°ao as Q o~ ~b0~ ~ a$~_O °o ~ p 0 n~ ~°poo-,,p~ n Ly ~ ° DID ~ d' ~ ~ 0°00 ~ ~s'0 °°6e, a ~ !o ° ~ • < o ~ o ~ 0°°°0 0° _ ~ ~ N ~ ooze © ~ mod' ~ ~ ~ OOA ~j~ I '°o~g ° ~ ~ o ~ o•O 0. ° ° 04 p' 00 g • 0 "Q ~D o°.e •0 p~ ~O a ~ •e O~°e 'OeaD~o°~Q opb "h ~e e~ ~O~' v0 a oa . ~ ° : o oy'~ ~p°0o A °.ep8o ve0o° •.00°oe $,a. ` ~•,o 00.8° e e8 t8 : i• ~O S °•0. '~a Op • ~b ~ 0 l . ~,r ' , s 5 a • ~ , 1 1311-411193 Appendix .A A-~ e o~ o O o,9~e° ~oq a°~gon'•o,' FEATURE A °p oo. eb a oe Oo a a.,. FEATURE F a~ a o 0 FILLED C6iACK 4Bo ~ ~ FEATURE B ~ o ~ 0 0 O ~ °o ~ PAHOEBdOE El(CavlsTiotd FEATURE E 4 FEATU6iE C Q ~ O •v ~ q,qp 8, a ° 0°bOd'~ rso 0 $a.00p C~,a e 0 0° a D b o~~~~o p~c o"p o s ~o ~ ~qop~ tt ( I FEATURE ® Q~ O ~w-y ~p 1 2 3 o ~',0 c°-e "~'~°°v ~Odo ~ Figure A-3. Site 18505 1311-011193 Rppendix A A-6 pahoehoe slabs on top ofbaze pahcehce bedrock. This feature in the center of the feature is bare, and probably functioned is at the north end of the site, c. 8.00 m northwest (345°) of as a planting plot. The feature is unaltered and in good Feature B. The slabs are 0.25-0.60 m in maximum diameter, condition. No portable remains or cultural deposits were and are 0.05-0.08 m thick. They are stacked fourto six courses observed at this feature. high in a ring-like formation, so that the edges of each slab overlap the next. The sides are faced, but a section on the east FEATURE E: Filled depression side consists of scattered cobbles and boulders. FUNCTION: Indeterminate DIlVIENSIONS: 1.50 m by 1.50 m by 4.10 m (max. depth) It appears that the cairn has not collapsed naturally, but DESCRIPTION: Feature E is a filled F-shaped crack The that it has been recently dismantled. The feature is probably feature is on the east edge of the site, c. 3.80 m due east of recently altered, but is still in good condition. No portable Feature B. The crack is fairly shallow (less than 0.10 m), and remains or cultural deposits were observed at this feature. is c. 0.10-0.40 m wide. The filled portions of the crack are 1.40-2.40 m long. The crack is filled with small subangular FEATURE B: Pahcehce excavation pahoehoe gravel and cobbles piled one to two courses deep to FUNCTION: Indeterminate the lip of the crack. The rocks are c. 0.03-0.10 m in diameter. DIMENSIONS: 2.50 m by 1.30 m by 0.33 m (max. depth) The feature is unaltered and in poor condition. No portable DESCRIPTION: Feature F is a pahcehoe excavation in the remains or cultural deposits were observed at this feature. center ofthe site, c. 8.00 m southeast (165°) ofFeature A. The topofapahoehoebGsterhasbeenbrokenopen,creatingahole FEATURE F: Modified outcrop c. 1.70 m (at 20°/200°) by 0.50 m by 0.33 m. The broken FUNCTION: Agriculture fragments of the blister top consist of pahoehoe slabs 0.14- DIMENSIONS: 1.70 m by 1.60 m by 0. IO m (max. height) 0.40 m in maximum diameter. Approximately 12 of these DESCRIPTION: FeatureFisamodifiedoutcrop.Itconsists slabs aze placed along the east edge of the excavated azea. of c. 30 to 40 pahcehce cobbles and small boulders placed Some slabs aze also piled two courses high near the north end one course high on top of bare pahoehoe bedrock, forming of the hole. The hole could have been excavated to quarry a ring. The rocks aze c. 0.075-0.35 m in diameter. A 1.00 m material, but most of the material broken from the blister by0.60mareainthemiddleofthefeatureisbareandprobably seems to still be around the hole, so the function remains fitnctioned as a planting plot. The feature is unaltered and in indeterminate. The feature is unalteredand in good condition. poor condition. No portable remains or cultural depositswere No portable remains or cultural deposits were observed atthis observed at this feature. feature. FEATURE G: Modified outcrop FEATURE C: Modified outcrop FUNCTION: Agriculture FUNCTION: Agriculture DIMENSIONS: 2.80 m by 2.10 m by 0.10 m (max. height) DIMENSIONS: 3.10 m by 2.70 m by 0.26 m (max. height} DESCRIPTION: Feature G consists of c. 35110 pahcehce DESCRIPTION: Feature C is a modified outcrop in the cobbles and boulders placed one course high, fomung a south portion of the site, c. 6.00 m south (166°) of Feature roughly oval rockring on top ofbare pahoehce bedrock The B. Pahoehoe slabs are placed on top of bare pahoehce rocks are c. 0.075-0.40 m in diameter. A circular area in the bedrock to form a semicircle ofrocks one course high. The interior is bare, and probably fmctioned as a planting plot. rocks aze c.0.05-0.25 m in maximum diameter. The feature The feature is unaltered and in poor condition. No portable has a c. 1.50 m circular bare interior space that may have remains or cultural deposits were observed at this feature. functioned as a planting plot. The feature is unaltered and in good condition. No portable remains or cultural deposits were observed at this feature. SITE NO.: State: 18506 (Figure A-~) PHRI: T-6 SITE TYPE: Complex (5 Features) FEATURE D: Modified outcrop TOPOGRAPHY: Fairly level undulating pahoehoe with FUNCTION: Agriculture naturally fractured bedrock in low areas and a large lava tube DIMENSIONS: 3.00 m by 3.00 m by 0.15 m (max. height) VEGETATION: Fountaingtass, 'ilima,andlantanagrowing DESCRIPTION: Feature D is a modified outcrop at the in bedrock cracks; a few low Christmas-bevy trees in south end of the site, c. 0.80 m southwest (200°) of Feature C. depressions; sword ferns growing inside cave entrance. It consists of c. 30 pahoehoe slabs placed to fotm a ring of SITE ELEVATION: 8 m AMSL stones on top ofbare pahcehoe bedrock. Therocks aze c.0.05- CONDITION: Good 0.20 m in diameter. An approximately 1.70 m by 1.40 m area IlVTEGRITY: Altered e o W _ O J 2 3 ~ ~ ~ ti 3~W _ S$ ~ _ ~ ~ ? i 8 u° 6: u s` ` E e 8 • ~ # 4 1 ) ~ ~ R • W C O ' N • W ' F •m • W • 7 • ~ a W a O LL • • ' f u d ~ / e V W • . ~ ~ Q ~ Q ~°OW k * a.. ~ •~a„~ ',y ' v 4 ' ~ W a • ~ ~ W J . V' d Q i • B11 v ' ~ w ' ~ • • Q U • LL H • W al W • m F 0 1311-011193 Appendix A .4-8 PROBABLE AGE: Prehistoric-historic bone awl, a polished basalt cobble, and a fragment of branch FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION: Multiple coral were all observed in this area. DESCRIPTION: This site complex consists of one cave shelter (Featwe A), two alignments (Features B and C), and The thirdtube extends northwest (345°) from the entrance. two hearths (Feature D). Features B-D are inside the cave It is c. 5.00 m wide with a ceiling height of c. 0.40-0.80 m for shelter (Feature A}. Above the cave, 0.60-b.00 m from the 21.50 m northwest of the entrance. At this point, the tube entrance, are two sheets of corrugated tin. There is also a great widens to c. 19.00 m, but the ceiling becomes so low that the deal ofscattered broken she 11(Cypraea caputsepenn-is) around tube cannot be followed further. Most of the cultural material these sheets. This seems to be good evidence for recent in this tube is concentrated below the entrance and 1.50 m historic habitation near the cave. The overall site measures c. northwest. An alignment of boulders (Feature C) across the 45.00 m by 15.00 m. width of the tube demazcates this azea_ One fragment of branch coral was observed c. 5.00 m northwest of the FEATURE A: Cave shelter entrance, and a sparse midden ofbutntlatkui nut extends past FUNCTION: Temporary habitation-Possible ceremonial this feature. Near the entrance, kukui nuts, marine shell, some DIMENSIONS: 45.00 m by 15.00 m by 0.95 m (max. ceiling bone, and a coconut husk fragment were observed. height) DESCRIPTION: Feature Aisalavatubewiththreebranching The evidenceforprelustorictemporaryhabitationatthis tubes. The entrance to the cave shelter is reached from a feature includes ecofactual material and indigenous artifacts. section of collapsed ceiling c. 1.60 m by 1.30 m in diameter, The presence ofwaterworn boulders and fragments ofbranch and the cave floor is 0.60-0.90 m below the lip ofthe entrance. coral may also be evidence for some ceremonial use. The cave The entrance is above the area at which the three branches is wet, with water dripping continually from the ceiling. The adjoin. Tlris area has the highest ceiling (0.95 m) and the presenceofcoconuthuskhalvesplacedazoundthe floorofthe greatest density of cultural material. cave is probably evidence for water catchment. There is also evidence of temporary historic habitation outside the cave One tube runs east-southeast (110°) from the entrance. It (two tin corrugated sheets). A historic camp might have been is c. 20.00 m long and c. 5.00 m wide. The ceiling height of placed here to take advantage of this continual fresh water the tube at the west end (near the entrance) is 0.95 m, but supply. The feature is unaltered and in good condition. becomes lower towards the east (0.32 m high). Most of the cultural material in tlus tube is at the west end (under the FEATURE B: Alignment entrance and 5.00 m east), but one fragment of branch coral FUNCTION: Temporary habitation was observed c. 8.00 m from the entrance, and a sparse DIMENSIONS: 10.00 m by 1.50 m by 1.00 m (max. height) midden of burnt kukrci nuts and some marine shell extends to DESCRIPTION: Feature B is an alignment of boulders the end of the tube. Near the entrance, several waterworn inside a cave shelter (Feature A). Approximately 20 large, boulders, an octopus lure, a bone fishhook, a coconut husk, subangularpahcehcebouldersareplacedinalinearalignment two hearths (Feature D), and a dense marine shell and ~~tkui running east west.The bouldersare c.0.50-1.00 mindiameter. nutshell midden were observed in this tube. The fishhook was The east end of the alignment begins adjacent to two hearths collected, and a 0.SO m by 0.50 m test unit (TU-() was intheeasttubeofthecaveshelter,andthewestendterminates excavated into one of the hearths to obtain charcoal fora along the southwest tube of the shelter. The alignment radiocarbon date. et1'ectively demarcates the area of dense ecofactual and artifactual material on the cave floor of the southwest tube. A second tube extends south-southwest (220°) from the These boulders probably represent roof fall that has been entrance. It is c. 20.60 m long and 0.70 m wide. The ceiling pushed back from the central areaofthe cave shelter to create is 0.55-0.70 m high from the entrance to the southwest end. acleazareaforhabitation.Thefeatureisunalteredandingood Most ofthe cultural material in this tube is conceatratednear condition. the entrance and 3.00 m southwest. A kttkui nut midden extends past this point, however. A fragment of branch coral FEATURE C: Alignment was observed c. 6.70 m from the entrance, and several FUNCTION: Temporary habitation waterwom cobbles were observed c. 9.80-10.80 m from the DIMENSIONS: 9.00 m by 3.40 m by 0.80 m (max. height) entrance. An alignment of boulders (Feature B) across the DESCRIPTION: Feature C is an alignment inside a cave width of the tube at 3.00 m southwest of the entrance shelter (Feature A). Approximately 20 large boulders are demarcates this area of dense cultural material. Kukui nuts, placed in a rough alignment oriented north-south. The rocks marine shell, waterworn cobbles, a coconut husk fragment, a are all a dazk gray basalt, c. 0.35-1.00 m in diameter. The 1311 -011193 Appendix A A-9 boulders are irregular in shape, although the majority are TOPOGRAPHY: Undulatingpahcehce flowswithnumerous tabulazincrosssection.Thealignmentrunsfromthenorthwest collapsed blister, and low upthrusts tube to the southwest tube of the shelter, and demarcates an VEGETATION: Christmas-berry,fountaingrass and 'ilima. area of dense ecofactual and artifactual material on the cave SITE ELEVATION: 6 m AMSL floornearthe entrance ofthe shelter.These boulders probably CONDITION: Fair represent roof fall that has been pushed back from the central INTEGRITY: Unaltered area of the cave shelter to create a clear area for habitation. PROBABLE AGE: Prehistoric The feature is unaltered and in good condition. FUNCTIONAL IlVTERPRETATION:'I'emporaryhabitation DIMENSIONS: 5.45 m by 2.35 m by 0.92 m (max. ceiling FEATURE D: Hearths (2) height) FUNCTION: Temporary habitation DESCRIPTION: Site 18508isawalIedoverhangatthebase DIMENSIONS: 1.30 m by 0.60 m by 0.00 m of a pahoehoe outcrop. This site is in the northwest portion of DESCRIPTION: Feature D consists of two oval hearths the project area. It is oriented at 130°/310° and is c. 7.50 m by inside a cave shelter (Feature A). The hearths aze c. 0.80- 0.90 m with a maximum ceiling height of 0.92 m. There was 1.30 m east of the entrance to the cave in the east tube, in an no soil or aay kind of cultural deposit inside the shelter. The area of dense ecofactual and artifactual material. The north overhang floor is level, with a natural semicircular depressed hearth is c. 0.60 m by 0.30 m in diameter, and the south hearth area (c. 11.00 m by 3.50 m) in front of the drip line. This is c. 0.70 m by 0.30 m in diameter. The features are unaltered depressed area is bounded on most of the north side by and in good condition. A 0.50 m by 0.50 m test unit (TU-1) pahoehce outcrops. A gap between two outcrops is spanned was excavated into the south hearth to obtain charcoal fora by awa115.70 m by3.10 m by 0.78 m, constructedofpahcehoe radiocarbon date. cobbles and boulders piled one to three courses high. The rocks are c. 0.10 m to 0.50 m in diameter. Some cobbles fill - a smaller gap on the northwese end of the depressed area, but SITE NO.: State: 18507 PHRI: T-7 this material is probably natural roof fall. The feature is SITE TYPE: Pahcehce excavation unaltered and in fair condition. No portable remains or TOPOGRAPHY: Fairly level undulating pahoehoe flows cultural deposits were observed at this feature. with some natural fracturing of blister areas VEGETATION: Fountaingrass, 'ilima,andlantanagrowing in cracks in bedrock; one Christmas-berry growing out of a SITE NO.: State: 18509 PHRI: T 9 collapsed blister due north at c. 2.00 m. SITE TYPE: Complex (3 Features) SITE ELEVATION: 6 m AMSL TOPOGRAPHY: Undulating pahoehoe with numerous CONDITION: Fair collapsed blisters and low upthrusts INTEGRITY: Unaltered VEGETATION: Fountain grass and koa-haole. PROBABLE AGE: Prehistoric SITE ELEVATION: 8 m AMSL FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION: Agriculture CONDITION: Fair DIMENSIONS: 2.80 m by 1.80 m by 0.80 m (maximum IlVTEGRTTY: Unaltered height) PROBABLE AGE: Prehistoric DESCRIPTION: Site 18507 is an excavation in a naturally FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION: Multiple depressed area ofundulating bare pahcehoe. A section of the DESCRIPTION: Site 18509 consistsoftwomounds(Features top of the bedrock has been broken, creating a hole c. 0.25 m A and C) and one filled depression (Feature B). The site is in deep. Pahoehoe cobbles and boulders are piled two to three the northwest comer of the project area. The overall site courseshighintothishole, fillingittothelipandabove. Rocks measures c. 15.20 m (50°1230°) by 4.30 m. have also been piled along the lip of the hole, obscuring the edges of the excavated area. The rocks are 0.20-0.30 m in FEATURE A: Mound diameter. Pahoehce slabs (c. 0.20-0.35 m in diameter) are FUNCTION: Agriculture also piled with the cobbles and boulders. The feature is DIMENSIONS: 2.00 m by 1.00 m by 0.29 m (n~taac. height) unaltered and in fair condition. No portable remains or DESCRIPTION: Feature A is anirregularly-shaped mound. cultural deposits were observed at this feature. This feature is at the south end ofthe site, c. 4.50 m southwest (230°) of Feature B. It is constructed ofpahoehoe cobbles and boulders piled two to three courses high on tog of bare SITE NO.: State: 18508 PHRI: T 8 pahcehoe bedrock. The rocks are 0.075-0.20 m in diameter. SITE TYPE: Walled overhang The west side abuts a pahcehce outcrop. One upright cobble 131 I -011193 Appendix A A-10 was noted on the northeast side of the mound. The feature is diameter). Some pahcehce boulders that probably came from unaltered and in fair condition. No portable remains or tlae excavations aze scattered around. However, there are not cultural deposits were observed at this feature. enough of these rocks to account for the amount of material that must have been excavated from the outcrop. Therefore, FEATURE B: Filled depression someofthematerialmusthavebeencairiedaway.Thisisgood FUNCTION: Indeterminate evidence that the main fimction ofthe excavations was to quarry DIMENSIONS: 5.50 m by 5.00 m by 0.09 m (max. depth) material. A discontinuous alignment of about nine boulders in DESCRIPTION: Featwe B is a filled depression. This front of the southernmost excavation may have been man- feature is in the center of the site c. 4.50 m northeast (50°) of made ornatural. These bouldersareuptoc. 0.35mindiameter. Feature A, and c. 2.50 m southwest (230°) of Feature C. A The feature is unaltered and in good condition. No portable serpentine crack, orientedat 85°/265°andontopofapahcehoe remains or cultural deposits were observed at this feature. bedrock dome, is filled with pahoehoe gravel and cobbles one to two courses deep. The rocks are piled to the lip of the crack and 0.04 m above the lip in some places. The feature is SITE NO.: State: 18511 PHRI: T-I1 unaltered and in fair condition. No portable remains or SITE TYPE: Complex (3 Features) cultural deposits were observed at this feature. TOPOGRAPHY: Undulating pahoehoe flows with large elevated pahoehoe bedrock upthrusts FEATURE C: Mound VEGETATION: Sparse fountain grass, 'ilirna, Lantana, and FUNCTION: Agriculture koa-haole on the outcrop; dense vegetation at the base of the DIMENSIONS: 1.70 m by 1.30 m by 0.45 m (max. height) outcrop. DESCRIPTION: FeatureCisaroughlycirculazmound.The SITE ELEVATION: 13 m AMSL feature is at the northeast end of the site, c. 2.50 m northeast CONDITION: Good (50°) of Feature B. It is constructed of subangulaz pahoehoe IIVTEGRITY: Unaltered gravel and cobbles piled two to four courses high on top of PROBABLE AGE: Prehistoric-historic bare pahoehoe bedrock. The interior is bare, so this feature FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION: Multiple was probably used asaplantingplot.Itisunalteredandinfair DESCRIPTION: Site 18511 consistsofonewalledoverhang condition. No portable remains or cultural deposits were (Feature A), one pahoehoe excavation (Feature B), and one observed at this feature. burial cave (Feature C). These features are on top oratthe base of two large elevated pahcehce pressure ridges in the central portion of the project area. The overall site measures c. 30.00 SITE NO.: State: 18510 PHRI: T-10 m (68°/248°) by 10.00 m. SITE TYPE: Pahcehce excavation (3) TOPOGRAPHY: Generally level undulating pahoehoe FEATURE A: Walled overhang (Figure A-S) around site; the excavations are on the east face of a large FUNCTION: Temporary habitation elevated pahoehce outcrop DIMENSIONS: 9.00 m by 6.00 m by 1.25 m (max. ceiling VEGETATION: 'Ilimra, fountain grass and Lantana grow in height j bedrock cracks; some small kiative trees growing in natural DESCRIPTION: Feature A is a walled overhang. This depressions. feature is at the south end of the site at the base of an outcrop, SITE ELEVATION: I7 m AMSL c. 25.0 m southwest (248°) of Feature B. The overhang is CONDITION: Good oriented at 100°/280° and opens up at the base of a large IlVTEGRITY: Unaltered pressure ridge. It is 7.00 m long and has an average depth of PROBABLE AGE: Prehistoric S.OOm.Anareainfrontoftheoverhangisfairlylevelandhas FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION: Quany been cleared of most rock. A short wall lass been built across DIMENSIONS: 6.40 m by 3.10 m by 0.65 m (max. height) theweseentrancetothisdepressedarea.°Thewalliscons~ucted DESCRIPTION: Site 18510 consisrts of three pahcehce of pahoehoe cobbles and boulders piled on top of bare excavations in a row (at 40°/220°) at the east base of a lazge bedrock. There are some goat bones against the back wall of elevated pahoehce outcrop. The site is in the center of the the overhang. The overhang area gives access to a narrow, projectazea.Theexcavatedareasare0.60-0.75minmaximum low-ceilinged cave. There is no evidence that the cave has diameter, and are excavated to a depth of 028-0.65 m. A beenmodifiedorutilizedinanyway.Itisuaaalteredandinfair narrow, level strip at the base of the outcrop consists of condition.Noculturaldepositsorsoildepositswereobserved fractured bedrock in gravel and cobble size (c. 0.05-0.20 m in at this feature. 1311-011193 Appendix A A-11 -mc Y O Q O W O d J 7 Q 0~ o _ ~ ~ o W 2 2 ~ ~ C O < 4A ~ W ~ V V W 7 ' ' V•/ b a . \ ^ /UJ t O F < ~ W~ ~ C1 O V I W W ~ < = 6 i i W ® ~ A O C • _O ~O C W i N ~ ~ 6 O 0 O ~ 1. ~ W 1 ~ O V W O O E 1311-011193 Appendix A A-Il FEATURE B: Pahcehce excavation were moved during the present survey in order to see if an FUNCTION: Indeterminate articulated burial was present in the cave. Only a pukes shell DIMENSIONS: 3.00 m by 1.50 m by 1.60 m (max. depth} (Cones sp.) was discovered in the stones by the entrance. A DESCRIPTION: Feature B is a pahcehoe excavation in the few more scattered bones were observedunderthe depression center of the site, c. 25.00 m northeast (68°) of Feature A. fill, but no major bones (long bones or cranial material) were Many naturally fractured bedrock fragments are at the bottom present. It seems probable that a burial was once present in the of a crevice at the crest of a pressure ridge. This crevice is cave, possibly on top ofthe level central azeaofthe cave, but oriented at I 15°/295° and is c. 5.00 m long and 1.75 m wide. was later removed. This might have taken place during Some of the boulders (c. 0.40-0.50 m in diameter) in the west historic times when the cave might have been used for half of this crevice have been removed and are scattered temporaryhabitation.Thecaveiswet,withcontinualdripping outside on the-south slope ofthe pressure ridge. This creates from the roof, and the glass bottle found in the cave may be deep, bare pockets (up to 1.60 m deep) in the crevice. These Historic evidence foruseofthecaveasawatercatclunentarea. pockets may have been used for growing purposes, for cache The feature is unaltered and in good condition. The glass areas,orforquarryingofrawmaterials. Vegetationisgrowing bottle was collected, the pukes shell was not, and the bones in two of the pockets, although little soil was noted. Only a were left in place. shallow (0.05-0.10 m deep) depositofduffwas observed. The feature is unaltered and in good condition. A waterworn boulder (c. 0.20 m by 0.25 m by 0.15 m) was observed in the SITE NO.: State: 18512 PI-IY2I: T-13 crevice. SITE TYPE: Alignment TOPOGRAPI~Y: Fairly level undulating pahoehoe flows FEATURE C: Burial cave VEGETATION: 71ima, Lantana, and fountain grass growing FUNCTION: Ceremonial from cracks; I,Aa-haole growing in natural depressions; DIMENSIONS: 2.90 m by 2.28 m by 0.82 m (max. ceiling morning glory vines; one noni tree due north at c. 3.60 m. _ height) SITE ELEVATION: 12 m AMSL DESCRIPTION: Feature C is a burial caveat the north end CONDITION: Fair of the site, at the base of the same outcrop on which Feature INTEGRITY: Unaltered B is located. The cave is c. 5.00 m northeast (68°) ofFeature PROBABLE AGE: Indeterminate B. The cave is at the south base of a lazge pahoehoe pressure FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION: Indeterminate ridge. It contains scattered human bones. Entrance is possible DIMENSIONS: 1.80 m by 1.72 m by 0.32 m (max. height} from a 0.80 m by 0.60 m hole in the ceiling of the cave. The DESCRIPTION: Site 18512 is a circular alignment of cave opens up both east and west from the opening, but boulders. This site is is the central portion of the project skeletal material is present only in the west Half. The cave area. It is constructed of lazge pahoehoe slabs and boulders Floor is c. 0.72 m below the ground surface at the opening, that have been placed on top of bare pahcehce to form a but only a narrow strip (1.60 m long and 0.25 m wide) down ring. The boulders aze c. 0.25-0.64 m in diameter, and the the middle of the cave Has a ceiling high enough (0.72-0.80 m slabs are c. 0.15-0.22 m in diameter. Occasionally the ends high) to allow further access. This strip down the middle ofthebouldersoverlap,butthereisnorealpihing.Mostofthe consists of a natural depression that had been filled with ring consists of just one course ofrock. Three large boulders pahoehce gravel and cobbles to create a smooth floor. Most are placed on edge on the north side of feature. This feature of the scattered bone was observed either in this depression, is rather large to be a traditional prehistoric planting plot. The on top or among the cobbles, or on a bare bedrock shelf featuremighthavebeenassociatedwithrecentcampinginthe adjacent to and south ofthe depression. The skeletal material area. No portable remains or cultural deposits were observed consists of scattered finger, toe, and foot bones, some at this feature. vertebrae, and one incisor. The west end of this tube is blocked by roof fall. A glass patent medicine bottle was observed in this roof fall. SITE NO.: State: 18513 PHItI: T-I4 SI°I°E TYPE: Complex (3 Features) Pahoehoe cobblesandbou]dershavealsobeenstacked TOPOGRAPI~IY: Fairly revel ground surface with many on the cave floor below the entrance. The stacked area fractured pahcehoe outcrops (c. 0.30 m by 0.90 m) is flush with the side of the cave on the VEGETATION: Dense ldawe, California grass, fountain north and west sides, and elevated c. 0.20-0.30 m above the grass, Lantana, and morning glory vines. cave floor on the south and east sides. Some rocks in this SITE ELEVATION: 15 m AMSL stacked area and some of the rocks in the central depression CONDITION: Good _ 1311-011193 Appendix .=1 A-13 INTEGRITY: Unaltered side. Boulders are stacked up to three courses high to elevate PROBABLE AGE: Prehistoric the west side. FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION: Multiple DESCRIPTION:Tlussitecomplexconsistsoftlueeterraces There is onedepressioninthecenteroftheterrace,which (Features A-C). It is in the southeast quad of the project area. may be just another example of the irregularity of the terrace The overall site measures c. 25.00 m (90°/270°) by 8.00 m. surface. There is some collapse on the west side. The feature is unaltered and in fair condition. No portable remains were FEATURE A: Terrace (Figure A-6) observed at this feature. There was a c. 0.10-0.20 m deposit FUNCTION: Agricultural of brown fine soil around the feature. DIMENSIONS: 5.50 m by 2.50 m by 0.60 m {max. height) DESCRIPTION: Feature A is a terrace constructed of FEATURE C: Terrace pahoehoe cobbles and boulders piled and stacked on top of a FUNCTION: Agriculture naturally fractured pahcehoe outcrop. This feature is on the DIMENSIONS: 3.75 m by 3.30 m by 0.82 m (max. height} west end of the site, c. 12.80 mwest/northwest (295°) of DESCRIPTION: Feature C isa terrace constructed on top of Feature B (datum to datum). The majority ofthe construction aheavily fractured pahcehce bedrock outcrop. This feature is material is 0.20 m in diameter or larger and was probably on the east end of the site, c. 12.80 msouth/southwest (184°) obtained from the bedrock outcrop itself. The terrace is of Feature B. The ground slopes slightlywest in this area, but roughly rectangular, with the larger boulders used along the the surface of the outcrop is fairly level. Therefore, the perimeter of the feature. The east side is flush with the general outcrop itself forms a natural terrace, with the east end flush ground surface, and the other sides are elevated c. 0.45 m to with the ground surface, and the middle elevazed as much as 0.60 tn. Yellow flagging tape and a metal site tag inscribed c. 0.82 m above ground surface. Most of the material used to with "T- l l 2-2-84" were found near the east edge of the construct the terrace was probably obtained from the fractured feature. The metal tag was solid aluminum, unlike PHRI's outcrop itself. The rocks are cobbles (c. 0.15-0.25 m) to large present metal tags. pahoehoe boulders (c. 0.25-0.50 m) randomly piled two to three courses high on top of and around the outcrop. It is An oval hole c. 1.28 m deep was observed in the center difficult to tell which rocks were artificially piled and which of the feature. The hole was probably formed by removing are natural. Some boulders on the outcrop are noticeably naturally fractured bedrock chunks from the top of the higher thanthe general surface level ofthe outcrop. The rocks outcrop. The west edge of the hole is solid bedrock, and have. been mapped as though they are part of the manmade crudely piled rocks form the other sides. The hole could have terrace. The outcrop is exposed in several areas in the east functioned as a cupboard, or it may be the result of a test half, and this area is generally level. The surface on the west excavation. The feature is unaltered and in fair to good half is irregular and slopes west. condition. No portable remains were observed az this feature. An approximately 0.10-0.20 m soil deposit was noted on the There are two possible cupboards. One is formed on the ground around the feature. south side by the overhang of the natural outcrop base. One is formed by boulders placed around a crevice in the outcrop. FEATURE B: Terrace The rocks inside of this crevice were probably cleared out. FUNCTION: Agriculture The feature is unaltered and in good condition. No portable DIMENSIONS: 4.20 m by 3.00 m by 0.62 m (max. height) remains were observed az this feature. A deep soil deposit (c. DESCRIPTION: Feature B is constructed on top of a 0.10-0.20 m) was present all around the feature and in the fractured bedrock outcrop that forms a natural terrace. This floor ofthe south cupboard. There was no soil deposit on top feature is in the middle of the site, c. 12.80 meant/southeast of the feature or on the floor of the central cupboard. (115°} of Feature A and c. 6.30 mnorth/northeast {4°) of Feature C (datum to datum). The outcrop is generally level with the ground surface on the east side, and elevated c.0.05- SITE NO.: State: 18514 PI~RI: T 16 0.15 m above the ground surface elsewhere. The ground SITE TYPE: Wall surface and the surface of the outcrop slope west. The terrace TOPOGRAPHY: Undulating broken pahcehoe flows with is constructed of pahoehoe cobbles and boulders. Most of the a slight slope south construction material consists of boulders c. 0.25-0.60 m in VEGETATION: Dense loa-haole, some large kiawe, diameter, and was probably obtained from the outcrop itself. fountain grass, Lantana, morning gloey, and bitter melon The east half of the outcrop is more level and regular. The vines. surface of the outcrop is exposed in many places on the east SITE ELEVATION: 18 m AMSL I3I 1-011193 Rppendix,4 A-14 PAHOEHOE } / .t 0 ' a Y' u 4 =ir i \ b FLAT ~ v o " ~ ~ o C1~ 2 - 4 0 U ti T\.(Y.-.l, PAMOE}OOE ~ n 8~~ ~ FLAT ~ Q O O ~ o ~~0 e ``i r Qc~ ~ ; o0 4; ~ ao r O 0 Q ~ J~ O l 1 O~ ~ C%p ~ ~ f, b o Q r o o ' FEATURE A i 1~ $TACxeu Roca 1 ~ 4 y o s ~o 44 ~ ~ m O 1 ~ g Figure A-6. Site 18513, Feature A 1311-0! 1193 Appendix A A-1 S CONDITION: Poor diameter. The east side consists ofascatterof cobbles. Oa the INTEGRITY: Unaltered west side, the cobbles are placed orpiled one to three courses PROBABLE AGE: Indeterminate high. This feature is probably a clearing pile. It is unaltered FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION: Indeterminate and in good condition. No portable remains or cultural DIMENSIONS: 1.50 m by 0.80 m by 0.35 m (max. height) deposits were observed at this feature. DESCRIPTION: Site 18514 is a short, low wall. This site is in the southeast comer of the project area. The wall is FEATURE B: Modified outcrop constructed of pahoehoe cobbles and boulders stacked two FUNCTION: Agriculture courses high, and is oriented at 7°/ 187°. The north end of the DIMENSIONS: 4.54 m by 3.00 m by 0.47 m (max. height) wall abuts an outcrop oriented perpendicular to the wall. This DESCRIPTION: Feature B is a modified outcrop. This outcrop is elevated c. 0.30-0.60 m above the ground surface. feature is in the center of the site, c. 5.50 m southeast (147°) The rocks are c.0.15-0.3 5 m in diameter. Most ofthe boulders ofFeature Cand c.2.80 mnorth-northwest (337°) of Feature are piled on the west side. The top of the wall is irregular and A (datum to datum). Small to medtum cobbles are placed and slopes south, parallel to the ground surface slope. piled one to two courses high on top of a bare pahoehoe bedrock outcrop. The outcrop is elevated c. 0.11-0.47 m There are scattered cobbles and boulders on the ground above the general ground surface. The rocks are c.0.15-0.25 m surface south ofthe wall, whichmay indicate that the wall was in diameter. The feature is unaltered and in poor condition. A once longer. There is extensive bulldozer disturbance only waterwomcobblewasobservedonthegroundatthesouthwest 10.00 m south of this feature, and this area may have been edge of the feature. disturbed also. The wall is unaltered and in poorcondition. No portable remains or cultural deposits were observed at this FEATURE C: Alignment feature. An approximately 0.05-0.10 m thick deposit of FUNCTION: Agriculture decaying organic matter was observed around the feature. DIMENSIONS: 3.50 m by 1.50 m by 0.30 m (max. height) DESCRIPTION: Feature C is a semicircular alignment of c. 12 pahoehoe cobbles and boulders placed on top of a bare SITE NO.: State: 18515 PIiI2I: T-17 pahcehoe bedrock outcrop. The feature is at the north end of SITE TYPE: Complex (3 Features) the site, c. 5.50 m northwest (327 degrees) of Feature B. The TOPOGRAPFIY: Undulating pahcehce flows; generally outcrop is elevated c. 0.25-0.35 m above the general ground level terrain with a slight slope southwest surface. The rocks are c. 0.20-0.40 m in diameter. The VEGETATION: Dense fountain grass, kiawe, and /ioa- alignmentisorientedroughlyat157°/337°,androcksarepiled haole. two courses high in a few places. This feature may once have SITE ELEVATION: 14 m AMSL been part of a planting plot. It is unaltered and in good CONDITION: Good condition. No portable remains or cultural deposits were INTEGRITY: Unaltered observed at this feature. PROBABLE AGE: Prehistoric FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION: Agriculture DESCRIPTION: Site 18515 is a site complex that consists SITE NO.: State: 18516 (Figure A-7) PHRI: T-20 of three modified outcrops (Features A-C). The site is in the SITE TYPE: Complex (2 Features) southeast quad ofthe project area. The overall site measures TOPOGRAPHY: Fairly level butfracturedpahcehoe flows c. 12.40 m (157°/337°) by 4.20 m. with several bedrock outcrops VEGETATION: Californiagrass, koa-hnole, fountain grass, FEATURE A: Modified outcrop large kiawe tree, Lantana, morning glory vine, succulents. FUNCTION: Agriculture SITE ELEVATION: 17 m AMSL FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION Agriculture CONDITION: Good DIMENSIONS: 4.50 m by 3.50 m by 0.35 m (max. height} INTEGRITY: Unaltered DESCRIPTION: Feature A is a modified outcrop at the PROBABLE AGE: Prehistoric south end of the site, c. 2.80 m south southeast (157 of FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION: Agriculture Feature B {datum to datum). Pahcehoe cobbles and boulders DESCRIPTION: Site 18516 is a site complex that consists are placed and piled on top of a large pahcehce bedrock ofone mound (Feature A) and one modifiedoutcrop (Feature outcrop. This outcrop is elevated e. 0.60 m above the level of B). The site is in the southeast quad of the project area. The the general ground surface. The rocks are c. 0.08-0.30 m in overall site measures c. 5.50 m (31°1211°) by 2.05 m. 1311-011193 Appendix A A-16 FEATURE B O OENSE VEGETAYION O t \ ~ ^ a !<.J) ~ O -Y . ' ire h.- O X ~Q sr C~ / 0 TU-3 °~v FEATURE A ~~jj ° a KOA NAOLE U ~ ° TREE is ~ DEAi3E VEGETATIOB! O S 70 4t L ~ aet O 1 2 3 i+= E¢DROCK X AAETAL SITE TAfa Figure A-7. Site 18516 13I 1-011193 Appendix A ~q _ 1 ~ FEATURE A: Mound SITE ELEVATION: 17 m AMSL FUNCTION: Agriculture CONDITION: Good DIMENSIONS: 1.45 m by 1.22 m by 0.35 m (max. height) INTEGRITY: Unaltered DESCRIPTION: Feature Aisalowrectangulazmound.The PROBABLE AGE:Indetetminate feature is at the south end of the site c. 3.75 m southwest (216°) FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION: Indeterminate of Feature B (datum to datum}, It is constructed of pahoehoe DIMENSIONS: 4.10 m by 1.40 m by 0.00 m cobbles and boulders piled two to three courses lugh on top DESCRIPTION: Site 18517 is a single component site that of a naturally fractured, low pahcehce dome. The majority of consists of a filled depression. It is in the southeast quad ofthe the feature is composed of small cobbles (c. 0.075-0.15 m in project area. Pahoehoe cobbles are used to fill a linear crack diameter). There are about six large pahoehoe slabs used as to the ]ip of the crack, creating a level surface area. The perimeter stones for the north and west sides of the mound. cobbles are c. 0.10-0.15 m in diameter. The crack is oriented These slabs are c. 0.3 0-0.45 m in maximum diameter. at 160°/340°. The depression might have been filled to create a planting area, or filled in for livestock safety. It is unaltered The outcrop is exposed on the east and southwest sides and in good condition. No portable remains or cultural ofthe mound, where it is only c. 0.02-0.03 m above the general deposits were observed on the surface of this site. ground surface. It is also exposed on the north side, where it is elevated c. 0.18 m above the general ground surface. Although the mound seems low, the presence ofthe pahoehoe SITE NO.: State: 18518 PHRI: T-24 slabsandtheregulazoutlineofthefeatureindicatethatspecial SITE TYPE: Complex (2 Features) care was taken in its construction. A 1.00 m by 1.00 m test unit TOPOGRAPHY: Relatively flat pahoehoe field (TU-3) was excavated into the mound to see if it had any VEGETATION: Thick fountain grass, California grass, cultural material or contained a burial. No burial was kiawe, and l~oa-haole. discovered, and no cultural material was recovered. The STTE ELEVATION: 14 m AMSL feature is unalteredand in good condition. Anapproximately CONDITION: Good 0.01 deposit of silt was noted around the outcrop. 1N'TEGRITY: Unaltered PROBABLE AGE: Historic FEATURE B: Modified outcrop FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION: Multiple FUNCTION: Agriculture DESCRIPTION: Site 18518 is a site complex that consists DIMENSIONS: 1.48 m by 1.21 m by 0.37 m (max. height) of one filled depression (Feature A} and one mound (Feature DESCRIPTION: Feature B is amodifiedoutcrop atthe north B). The feature is inthe southeast quadofthe projectarea.The end of the site c. 3.75 m northeast (36°) of Feature A (datum overall site measures c. 25.00 m (49°1229°) by 20.00 m. to datum). It is constructed of pahoehoe cobbles and boulders placed one course deep on top of a low pahoehce bedrock FEATURE A: Filled depression outcrop. The rocks are c. 0.10-0.60 m in dtameter. The larger FUNCTION: Temporary habitation boulders are placed in a ring along the perimeter, and the DIMENSIONS: 6.25 m by 4.00 m by 0.00 m cobbles are placed in the center. The center is depressed.c. DESCRIPTION: Feature A is a filled depression. This 0.15 m below the top of the perimeter. TI>is feature was feature is on the northeast end ofthe site, c. 21.70 m northeast probably used as a planting plot. The outcrop is exposed (49°) of Feature B. Pahoehce cobbles and boulders are used below the feature on the south side. It is elevated only 0.10 m to fill an L-shaped depression in bare pahcehoe bedrock. The above the general ground surface. The outcrop is fractured, rocks are from c. 0.10-0.50 m in diameter. The depression is and the rocks used to construct the feature probably came filled to the top. The surface is fairly level, but still fairly rough from the outcrop itself. It is unaltered and in good condition. and uneven with many spaces between the rocks. Itis possibly No portable remains were observed at the feature. alteredand in good condition. A thinwire artifact, bent double to possibly allow for cooking, was found on top of the rocks. It probably came from a nearby modern rock ring and recent SITE NO.: State: 18517 PHRI: T-22 historic ttashscatter c.3.00-4.00 m southwest of the feature. SITE TYPE: Filled depression No cultural deposits were observed at this feature. TOPOGRAPHY: Undulatingpahcehce fieldwithnumerous blisters and pressure ridges FEATURE B: Mound VEGETATION: Kiawe, koa-haole, fountain grass, and FUNCTION: Indeterminate Lantana. DIlVIENSIONS: 5.00 m by 3.00 m by 0.80 m . 1311-011193 Appendix A A-18 DESCRIPTION: FeatureBisalinearmoundatthesouthwest courses of stone, and the south end consists of only two end of the site, c. 21.70 m southwest (229°) of Feature A. It courses of stone. This feature may Dave functioned as a low is constructed ofpahoehoe cobbles and boulders piled two to wall in a historic camp site. There were several historic five courses high on top of bare pahcehce bedrock. The artifacts in the area. The feature is unaltered and in good mound is oriented with the long axis at 165°/345°, and is condition. No portable remains or cultural deposits were dome-shaped in profile. The north end consists of four to five observed on the surface of this feature. 1311-011193 B-1 i ? ~ ~ HISTORICAL DOCUMENTARY RESEARCH by Kepa Maly BACKGROUND Mai Ke-ahu-a-Lono i ke `a o Kani-ku, a ho`ea i ka `ulei kolo o Manuka i Kaulanamauna a pili aku i This report includes information presented in Wong- Ka`u Smith (1990} and in other sources, and also includes new information on legends-the produce of a PHRI Hawaiian [Kona] extends from Keahualono on the rocky language newspaper translation project (Maly, in prep). expanse of Kaniku, to Kaulanamauna next to the crawling (tangledgrowthof) `ulei bushesat Manuka, As documented inWong-Smith (1990) the project area where it clings to Ka`u. (9/13/1917) is owned by Lili `uokalani Trust. The trustwas established on December 2, 1909 by the last reigning Queen of Hawaii, The project area is in the ahupua'a ofKeahuolu, which Lili `uokalani. The Deed of Trust was amended on October lies on the western slope ofHualalai volcano in the northern 11, 1911, and again on September 2, 1915. The purpose of portion of the Kona District. North Kona is divided into two the Trust, as amended, is as follows: regions, generally called Kona kai `opus (interpretive translation: Kona of the distant horizon clouds above the ...All the property of_the trust estate, both principal ocean) and Kekaha (The place), which is also called and income, which shall not be required for any of Kekaha wai-`ole (The waterless place). Referring once the specialprovisionsorpaymentsinthisinstrument again to the Legend of Ka-Milo, we find that Keahuolu before mentioned, shall be used by the Trustees for marked the division between these two regions of North the benefit of orphan and other destitute children in Kona. In the legend, the boundaries ofKekaha are described the Hawaiian Islands, the preference to be given to thus: Hawaiian children of pure or part aboriginal blood (Queen Lili`uokalani Children's Center 1981b). OHikuhiaikaukaoNa-pu`uameKekahawai`ole, mai Ke-ahu-a Lono i ke `a o Kaniku a ho`ea i ke The original Corpus of the Trust consisted principally kola o Kancence i ka pu`u o Pu`u-o-Kaloa of real estate in Hawai `i with a market value atdate-of--grant of $328,000.00. Income for the Trust is derived principally [Kekaha extends from] the uplands of Hikuhia, from rentals received from long-term leases and gain on which is above Napu`u and the waterless Kekaha; condemnation or sale of such real estate. The Trust is exempt which reach from Keahualono on the rocky plain of from federal income tax under Section 501 (c) (3) of the IRS Kaniku, to the hill of Pu`uokaloa [at Keahuolu]. Code, but is subject to a 2% excise tax based on net (10/18/1917) investmentincome, whichisimposedonprivatefoundations by Section4940 oftheCode (Queen Lili`uokalani Children's In Place Names of Hawai 'i (Pukui 1974) Keahuolu is Center 1981x). interpretively written Ke-ahu-o-Lu* and is translated as "The heap [cairn] ofLu"; presumablyLu is an ancient figure associatedwith the area, though no accounts which identify THE LEGENDARY SET'T'ING such a figure have been located to date. The shoreward boundaries of Keahuolu extend from Waikilohi on the The moku o loko (district [literally: interior island]) of Lanihau (south) side, to Kaiwi on the Kealakehe (north) Kona, Hawai `i, in which the project area is located, is one of side. the six major districts ofHawai`i Island. A description ofthe boundaries of Kona, and its various inner divisions is Traditional accounts of Keahuolu and its neighboring documented in the legendary account of Ka-Milo, as ahupua `a describe the life and practices of the peoplevn this translated from the Hawaiian language newspaper Ka Hoku region. Excerpts ofrecently translated texts from the Legend o Hawat `i (Maly, in prep), of K~Miki present additional information on the region. The * Keahuolu -.Exact spelling, use of diacritical markers and translation unclear. 1311-011193 fippendix B B_Z excerpts are presented below, in print for the fast time (Maly, which is also near Ka-pa-wai (The water enclosure). in prep). Kapawai is also known as Maka eo (Look with anger), and a coconut grove encircled those places. About the Legend of Ka-Milo Further on, between the lands of Keahuolu and Kealakehe was the ahua(hillock-plantationmound) "Ka'ao Ho'oniua Pu~uwai No Ka-Milo" ([the] Heart of Lae-oniau..." (4/2 & 9, 1914} Stirring Story of Ka Miki) is an account of two supernatural brothers, Ka-Milo (The quick, or adept one) and Maka-' iole "...The priestwho officiatedoverritualsofKeahuolu (Rat [squinting] eyes) who traveled azound the island of and Kealakehe was named Kalua' olapauila. He Hawai' i along the ancient ala loa and a1a hele (trails and was the priest of the temple Kalihi, which is also paths) which encircled the island. Ka-Milo and Maka-' iole called Kalua olapauila. This temple is inthe coastal were empowered by their ancestress, Ka-uluhe-nui-hihi- area along the border of Keahuolu and Kealakehe, kolo-i-uka (The great entangled growth of uluhe fern which near the old road into to Kailua..." (4/30/1914) spreads across the uplands}, a reincarnate form ofthe earth- mothergoddess, creative forceofnature,Haumea(alsocalled "...The districtofKeahuoluanddivisionsofl,anihau Papa), who dweltatKalama`ulaintheuplandsofKohana iki. (1 and 2) were under the rule of Kapohoku'imaile Born in 'e'epa (mysterious premature) forms, Ka-Mild and and Papalula, and Pa Maka-`iole were the children of Pohaku-o-Kane and Kapa`ihilani, the ali`i ofthe lands ofKohana-iki and Kaloko. Paumauma was their warrior champion. When Reared by Ka-uluhe and instructed in the uses of their PapaumaumacompetedwithKa Mikiatthecontest supernatural powers, Ka uluhe sent Ka Milo and Maka-`iole site `Iwa`awa`a (Kohana-ild), he was defeated. on a journey around the island of Hawaii to challenge Papaumaumawashonorable,andhegreatlyadmired disreputable `olohe (experts, skilled in all manner of fighting the superior skills of Ka--Milo and asked to turn his techniques and competing in riddling, running, leaping, status and land rights over to Ka-Milo, but Ka-Milo fishing and debating coneests, etc.) and priests whose declined..." (5/21/1914) dishonorable conduct offended the gods of ancient Hawaii. Ka-ncenoe (The mist fogginess). The mound-hill The legend is set in the time of Pi~i-a Ka` aiea (Dili), who called Pu`u-o-Kaloa sits upon the pIatnofKancenoe, around the 13th century was the sovereign chief of all Kona. which is associated with both Keahuolu and During their journey, Ka-Milo and Maka-`iole competed Kealakehe. The settling of mists upon Pu`u-o- along the trails and on the kahua le`ale'a (contest arenas) Kaloawasasignofpendingrains,thusthetradiiional associatedwith the royal courts of the chiefs ofthe islands' six farmers of this azea would prepare their fields. 'This districts. Their story provides commentary on place name plain was referenced by Pili when he described to origins, site and community histories, local and regional Ka-Milo the extent of the lands which Ka-Milo practices, and ceremonial and mete (chant) texts. would over see upon marrying the sacred chiefess Paehala of Honokohau. The inheritance lands included everything from the uplands of Hikuhia Excerpts frogn the Legend of Katnilsi above Napu`uattdthelandsofthewaterlessKekaba, which spanned from the rocky plain of Kaniku [KeahuoluisalsowrittenasKe`ohu`olu(interpretive (Keahualono) to the plain of Kanoenoe at translation: 'The refreshing mists) in the Ka-Milo Pu`uokaloa. (10/25/191'n texts.] Pu`u-o-kaloa (mound, or Hill of Kaloa) [The Following an `awa ceremony with Ka-uluhe Ka- narrative from Ka-Milo identifies Puuokaloa as Miki and his brother Maka-`iole ventured from "Pu`uokaloa i ka malo o Ka`eha a waiho ala..." Kalama`ula below the summit of Hualalai to visit Pu`uokaloa where Ka`eha's loin cloth {symbolic some of the lands of Kona. Upon returning to ofthe mists} was spread out]. (10/25/1' Kalama`ula, Ka-uluhe describedthe lands, features and people which they had seen: Another legendary account, also published in the Hawaiian newspaper Ka Hoke o Hawai `i, was authored by "...Within the lands of Keahuolu you saw Hale- TUVFiI Kihe, and was entitled "Na Ho`onanea o ka Manawa, pa' u [interpretive translation: Soot-covered house] Kekahi mau Wale Pana o Kekaha ma Kona (A pleasant 1311-011193 Appendix B ? B-., passing of time, [Stories from] Some of Famous Places of where the imu was located is in the parcel of KekaEla at Kona). The account from this series, citedbelow, `Ohiki (Kauahia), at the place called Ke- describes agricultural practices of the region. puhi-kanaka (The baked man), below the royal compound of Ka`aipapa`a at Kaloko. (6/11/ Pu`u-o-kaloa is a mound-hill site in the lands of 1914) Keahuolu - Kealakehe, neaz the shore of Kaiwi andHi`iakanoholae.Duringperiodsofdryweather WhenKaiwiwassleepinginanunderwatercavern, (Ka la malo`o) when planted crops, from the he was startled by the heat of his body, and he grassy plains to the `ama`uma`u zone, and even realized that his human form was being burned. the ponds (ki `o wai) were dry, people would watch Kaiwi determinedto save Kalua`olapauila.by getting this hill for signs of coming rains. When the lihau to the heiau ofKalua`olapauila (also called Kalihi). (light dew mists) sat atop the hill ofPu`u-o-kaloa, Oace there, the priest would ~be restored, and they rains were on the way. Planters of the districts would destroy those responsible for trying to kill agricultural fields watched for omens at them. When Kaiwi reached the shore, the winds Pu `uokaloa, and it was from keen observation and became wild, the seas rose, the sky dazkened and diligent work that people prospered on the land. If rains fell. Ka-uluhe understood the nature of these a native of the land was hungry, and came signs, and she chanted to Ka Miki, warning him asking for food, the person would be asked: about Kaiwi's actions. Ua ka ua i Pu 'uokaloa, ihea 'oe? (When rains fell at Pu`uokaloa, where were you?) If the Ka MikichantedtoKa uluheandPeieforassistance answer was... I Kona nei no! (In Kona!) There in defeating Kaiwi, and Pele sent a great flash would be no sweet potatoes for this person. flying from Mauna loa. It struck Kaiwi and turned But if the answer was...l Kohala nei no! (In him to stone where he remains on the south Kohala!) the person would be given food to (Keahuolu) side of the heiau. This event was also eat for they had been away, thus unable to the source of naming the point of Hi`iakanoholae. accomplish the planting. (3/19/1914) (6/11/1914) The northern seaward boundary of Keahuolu is Kaiwi. Aside from the legendary accounts above, there aze Referencing Ka-Miki once again we are provided with an few other narratives which have been identified to daze. account ofthe place name origin [Kaiwai], and descriptions The followingmaterial isedited from Wong-Smith (1990). of associated features. In his writings on the Kona district of Hawaii, Handy • writes: Ka-iwi (°The bone) is also called Ka-tae-o-Ka-iwi (The point of Ka-iwi) and is the name of a shark The most interesting mythological and legendary shaped stone near heiau of Kalua`olapauila. The materials relating to Kona have to do directly or priest Kalua`olapauila had two body forms, one indirectlywithLono....Thestory ofthe originofthe human, as the priest; and the other body form as a Makahild rain and harvest festival, bring Lono sharkinwhichheswamalongtheshoreofKealakehe from Kahiki, whither he returns. From Kona we and Keahuolu, attacking people. The shark form have the written record of a myth of Kumuhonua, was named Kaiwi, andthe point Ka-lae-o-Kaiwi is [Earth Foundation, 36 generations before Wakea named for him. and Papa, who was the first man fashioned by the gods] whose writer says that Lono was a fisherman Both the priest and shark had offended Ka uluhe and yet ends his story by stating that the events and Haumea ma, and Kalua`olapauila plotted to related occurred before men peopled the earth. Ka-Miki and his brother. Ka-uluhe warned Ka- Lono is credited with introducing the main food Miki and Maka-`iole about the priests' intentions, plants, taro, breadfruit, yams, sugar cane and and(4/30)Ka-MikirevealedtheKalua`olapauila's bananastoHawaiiandalso`awaHogswerelikewise dual forms to the people of the region. Found identified with Lono,butthereisnomentionofhis guilty of attacking people, Kalua`olapauila was havingbroughtthemtoHawai`i(HandyandHandy fetched (Ki `ikahala) and baked in an imu. The site 1972:522). 1311-011193 Appendix B B_4 Two archaeological surveys conducted in the earlier An island-wide description of sites was published by part of the century describe several prehistoric sites in and Henry Kinney in the earlier part of this century. He writes of around the project area. During a reconnaissance survey of the shoreline of Keahuolu as follows: Keahuolu, J.F.G. Stokes located the following religious structures: From the point where the Honokohau Trail leaves Kailua a poor trail leads makai over the lava to the Ko`a of Halepa`u, in Halepa`u Section, Land of lighthouse. Hence it continues along the beach for Keahuolu, North Kona. A small fishing heiau on a couple of miles. After passing several old stone the pahoehoe, 100 feet north-west of Keahuolu. mausoleums, the trail passes an abandoned grass Well preserved walls, 4 feet high. (Site #10-27- house where is a stone wall, the remnants of the 2139.) heiauKeohuulu [sic]. Still fiurthernorth isa cocoanut grove, where there were several heiau, notably that Heiau ofKawaluna, land of Keahuolu, North Kona, of Palihiole [sic]. There were several ku`ula here, on the beach, a quarter mile from the boundary of one particularly powerful one, the idol of which is Lanihau, in a section (`ili) called Pawai. An still remembered as having been in a fair state of enclosure, the walls of which have been carefully preservation, only one arm missing, when a rebuilt, without opening. The interior was filied Christian priest took it from the cave where it was. with loose stones piled up without aaangement. kept. Since then, say the inhabitants, the fishinghas The local informant stated that an old fisherman been comparatively poor. In the grove aze two was in the habit ofoffering fish in this heiau. Asked cocoanut stumps which served as gallows for the as to the resulting luck, the answer was that it was firstexecutionconductedbyhangingiaHawai`i. A not as much as that of other fishermen, perhaps chief, Kekuakahaku, was the victim. because the offering was made at a heiau instead of • the ko`a (Halepa`u} nearby. Beyondthemain [coconut] grove areafewisolated trees near the edge of the flow. Here was the heiau Heiau of Palihiolo, at Waikilohi, at or near the of Pauai [sic], and here the trail ends (Kinney boundary of Keahuolu and Lanihau, North Kona; 1913). on the beach in an old coco-palm grove; this is an insignificant pen, 25 by 29 feet in size with small, The area in which the "Pauai heiau" is located is known thin walls built on the upper slopes of the beach. as Pawai. John Clark (198. believes that the original name Coral has been spread over the floor as a paving. for the bay was Papawai, but attempts to substantiate this • The only interest attaching to the place is the name have been futile. account given by a very old native living in the grove. He said that Palihiolo was formerly a heiau for human sacrifice, and that it was rebuilt by MAI~LE LAND OVVNERS~~ Kalakaua's orders before the latter left for the AND CITLTIVATION United States (about 1890). The old native also said that Kalakaua promised to have a sacrifice at DuringthereignofKamehamehalII,themostsignificant Palihiolo on his return from America, but that he event in the reformation of the land system was incorporated. died in that country. The old native was very The Great Mahele defined the land interests ofthe King. More insistent on the truth of his statements. It might be than 240 of the highest ranking chiefs and lonohiki in the mentioned that the surrounding grove of palms is kingdom joined Kamehameha ffi in this division. The first where Kalakaua's grandfather was hanged for Mahele was signedonJanuary 27,1848 by Kamehamehaffi, murder. Other information from the old native is and for Princess Victoria KamamalubyherguardiansMataio given here for convenience, that this king ordered Kekuanao`a and Ione I`i The last Mahele was signed by the the rebuilding of the two heiaus of Kawaluna and King and E. Enoka on March 7,1848 (Chinen 1958:1 For Palihiolo where human sacrifices were formerly adetailedaccountoftheMaheleandaffectedlandswithinthe offered, and the koas ofHalepa`u and Maka`eo....It ahupua 'a of Keahuolu, see Wong-Smith (1990). might be remarked that these four structures have the appearance of having been rebuilt in recent The ahupua'a of Keahuolu was awazded to Ane times (Stokes 1991). Keohokalole (d. 1857), who numbered among her offspring 1311-011193 Appendix B B-S King DavidKalakaua,QueenLydiaLili`uokalani,andWilliam It is boundedmakaibytheseashore,onKailuaside Pitt Leleiohoku(whowasadoptedbyRuthKe`elikolani).Her by the Government land, mauka by the land of youngest daughter, Miriam Likeleke, was the mother of Nalhaku, and Awahua, and on the other side by the Ka`iulani, whowasproclaimedheirapparentin 1891 afterher road. Claimant derived this lot from her ancestors, aunt, Lili `uokalani, took the throne following the death of who held it from very ancient times. There is a stone Kalakaua. Keohokalole was the great-granddaughter of house and several grass houses in it belonging to Kame`eiamoku, one of the most important of the chiefs claimant, besides a tomb. supporting Kamehameha I. Approximately half of the lands that Keohokalole received in the Mahele were on the island The second lot is called `Awili, and is fenced all of Hawaii, and two-thirds of those were lands in Kona round. It is bounded makai by government road, on District (Kelly 1983:31). Kailua side by the same, mauka the same, on the side next the pali by the road. The Keahuolu land holdings of Keohokalole included LCA 8452, Apana 12 (Royal Patent 6851). This parcel Claimant derived this lot from her ancestors, who comprised 4,071 acres. Keohokalole commuted some ofher held it from older times. holdings in order to keep certain lands, includvng Keahuolu. Excerpts from her correspondence with the Minister of the W fitness knows the three house lots in Kealakekua, Interior provide us with this information: claimed by Keohokalole. The first lot is called "Kulou" and is fenced in. It is bounded makai by the To Highness, John Young sea beach, Ka'awaloa side by government land, Minister of Interior . mauka by the road, south Kona side by a lot belonging to T. Cummings. Greetings: The second lot is called "Ka'ahaloa" [and] it is This is to inform you and the Privy Council of my enclosed all round, and bounded on Kona Hema by desire to convey some of my lands for the a lot belonging to T. C714T4t79~ngs, mauka by the lot Governments one third in the land which remain as of Nakoko, North Kona by an old heiau, makai by mine. Gramme this, ofcourse, with the approval of the road. the Privy council. Below is a list of the lands I wish to convey to the government (Native Test.10:32~. The third lot is called "Wailokoali' i" andis bounded on the South Kona side by an old heiau, mauka by * * * a Government lot and the lot of Ial ua, makai by the sea beach, on the other side by a paIi. To Your Highness, John Young Minister of Interior Claimant inherited these lots from her ancestors by the mother's side, who possessed them from ancient Greetings: times. Keka`alua, sworn, says he knows these lots perfectly and confirms in fall the testimony by Here is a list of names of my lands which has been Awahua (Foreign Test. 3:573). left forme pending for an approval ofits distribution. Whenever adi i procured an entire ahttpua a, they were ...Keahuolu ahupua`a, Kona, Hawai`i... bound to respect the rights of the existing tenants. These tenants, if they filed a claim to The Board of Commissioners With appreciation, to Quiet LandTitles, could continue to cultivate and reside on A. Keohokalole (Native Test. 10:327) their parcels. The following testimonies are for awards that were granted within Keahuolu (Board of Commissioners The following testimony was given by Awahua, to verify 1929): Keohokalole's holdings for this LCA in Kona: LCA 11071, to Aki for .60 acres - Awahua, sworn, says he knows the house lots Native Test. 4:527 claimed by Keohokalole at Ka`awaloa, Hawaii. Kuia sworn, He has seen Aki's land that which he The first one is fenced all round with a stone wall. had cultivated himself, it is in the `ili land of 1311-011193 Appendix B B-6 Pauaaiki of Keohoeolu [sic] ahupua`a in Hawaii. a lot of patches of potatoes. The kalo patches form Section 1, 5 cultivated kihapais. Section2,1 kihapai 1 piece, bounded on Ka`u side by Lanihau, Makai not cultivated. Section 6, 4 cultivated kihapai. by Papaula's land, Kohalaside the same, mauka by Section 7, 1 cultivated kihapaa. These interest have Hai's land. The potato land is bounded mauka by been made from Kaea, Nahaalualu and Kalekahi at Haino's land, Ka`u side by Lanihau, makai by the time of Kamehameha I. Kahili's land, Kohala side the same. Claimant derived the land from the Konohiki, before the LCA 10303, to Ma`a for 2.25 acres - deathofKuakini,andhashelditeversincewithout Native Test. 4:526 disputes. Mahu sworn, He has seen a whole section of land, however, it is just as he has indicated in his claim LCA 7351, to Kahuanui for 2.90 acres - in that there are 11 taro kihapais, and 10 potato Foreign Test. 8:682 kihapais in the `ili land at Ma`ili of Keahuolu Papa`ula,swornsaysIknowtheclaimofKahuanui. ahupua` a. That land is not cultivated completely, It is in the ahupua` a of Keahuolu, Kona. It consists but, Ma`a had planted 7 palm trees. The fruit is for of one piece of kalo land, 5 patches-all lying Samuels, both Ma`aand Samuelahave joint interest together. One of these patches is planted with in the 7 fan palm trees. There is also a coconut grove coffee. It is bounded mauka by the land of which had been planted by Maa's grandparents for Kaho`okohukane`ole, Ka`u by Lanihau, makai by the Chings who owned the land, they were the the land Nahaalualu, Kohala by the konohiki. caretakers. The same had applied to Maa's parents Claimant received this land from his brother in and to him at the present time. The coconuts went 1846, and his title has never been disputed. to Keohokalole upon. the death of Keoua and it has been that way to the present time. Correspondence to the Minister of the Interior oRen provides us withinsights concerninglanduse andtransactions. One whole section is salt land and it fs still yielding Inareportby J.H. Kalaiheana, datedApri125,1866, Keahuolu sa1t...Land passed down to Maa's parents, these to is said to belong to Keohokalole. In a letterdated July 8,1869, him now. Maa's grandparents received the `ili land from David K. Kalakauato his sister, Lili `uokalani, adetailed Ma`iliofKeahuoluduringthetimeofKamehameha description ofKeahuolu is provided. Kalakauawtites_ I. Kamauoha had given to Ma`a the land section of Lanihau ahupua`a in 1848, no one had objected to This land is situated in the District ofNorth Kona, him. bounded by the ahupua`a of Lanihau (in Kailas) belonging to Prince Lunalilo on the Ka`u side, and LCA 10345, to Nahaalualu (Naalualu) for 2 acres - on the Kohala side, by Kealakehe, a government Native Test. 4:527 land and Honokohaniki belonging to Ke `elikolani. Kuia sworn, He has seen (Naalualu) place that he Keahuolu runs clear up to the mountains and had cultivatedhimselfinthe `ililandofPu`uokali`u includes a portion of neazly one half of Hualslai of Keahuolu ahupua`a in Hawaii. Section 1 mountains. On the mountains the koa, kukui and (boundaries given) 1 section cultivated. Section 2, `ohi `a abounds in vast quantities. The upper land or 4cultivatedkihapais, Section3, l cultivatedkihapai, inland is arable, and suitable for growing coffee, Section 4, 4 cultivated kihapais.... oranges, taro, potatoes, bananas &c. Breadfruit trees grow wild as well as the Koli oil seed. The LCA10198,toHaile~valewa(Kailewalewa)for130ac lower land is adopted for grazing cattle, sheep, - Native Test. 4:525 goat, &c. The fishery is very extensive and a fine Mahu sworn, He has seen the place on which grove of cocoanut trees of about 200 to 300 grows Hailewalewa had cultivated with his own hands, it on the beach. The flat land near the sea beach is is in Ulelele `ili of Keahuolu ahupua`a. Section 1 composed chiefly of lava, but herbs and shrubbery Taro. Section 2, Kaluulu. Land has been cultivated, grows on it and [it is] suitable for feed of sheep and l land section. On land from Hailewalewa's parents goats. It is estimated at 15,000 to 20,000 acres or to him. Uncertainty for 1 section. more. LCA 8012, to `Apiki for 1.10 acre - A letter written by Lili`uokalani to the Minister of the Foreign Test. 8:676 Interior, dated Oct. 6,1894, givespermissionforaroadto run Mahu, sworn, says he knows the kuleanaof Claimant through Keahuolu, and includes orders forthe Government to in Kailas, Kona. Itconsistsof5 patches ofICalo and fence in both sides of-this road. 1311-011193 Appendix B B-7 OnamapdraftedbyJ.S.Emersoninthe 1880s(Reg. Map Survey Division. Registered Map 512 (c. 1875) shows only 1280}, a narrow band of shading that runs in a north-south a kukui tree and coconut grove at Pohakuloa. A 1929 direction crosses through Keahuolu. This band is at an U.S.G.S. topographic quadrangle, shows a sisal mill in approximate elevation of 6,250 to 7,250 ft. In Emerson's Keahuolu (See Figure B-1). Kelly briefly discusses this Field Notebook sketches, this line is identified as the crop in her history of the Gardens of Kona (1983:89). She "Commencement of the Forest." The notebook notes that places its cultivation in Kona with the following quote from mauka of the forest line, the land is "lava covered with Thrum (1905:185): "The McWayne sisal tract consisted of scattering forest and dense masses of ki [tiJ root" (Kelly about 500 acres at or near Kailua." Kelly adds, "...how 1983:58). much of this acreage was actually planted in sisal is uncleaz." In an attempt to locate the cultivated area, various In his reconnaissance survey of Keahuolu, Rosendahl articleswereconsultedandinformantinterviewsconducted. (1972) notes: "...the Great Wall of Kuakini...is a historic For additional information on sisal cultivation and period structurebuiltduringtheperiodA.D. 1830-1840 at the manufacture in Keahuolu see Wong-Smith (1990). direction of Kuakini, Governor of the Island of Hawaii..." Kelly writes of this Kuakini Wall: On Tax Map Branch History Sheets dated 1950-1983, anavigation easement is noted forTMIC:3-7-8: Por.2 (1950). It has long been presumed that this wall was built In 1953, the trustees agreed to enter the land in order to get sometime during the governorship of John Adam the needed engineering and surveying data. For TMK:3-7- Kualdni(1820-1844)toprotectthecultivateduplands 8-:Por.12, an access road to a proposed Kealakehe School from the depredations of cattle. However, as the wall Site is listed (1966). In 1969, a centerline fora 10-ft. sewer is at all points less than a mile from the seacoast, only easement is noted. In 1972, a setup fora 325-ft elevation the food plots in the coastal region would have been reservoir site is noted. The Kona Industrial Subdivision protected by it. It probably would have only kept appears in 1973 as an area of 22.981 acres. In 1975, a lease cattle and horses grazing on the kola away from the to Pay `N Save Corp., et.al. commences and continues for a houselots and small gardens along the shoreline period of twenty years. (1983:75). In the 1981 Status ReportfortheTrust,expansionofthe ...the Kuakini wail may have been the Pa`aina industrial section is discussed: named as the makai boundary in several claims to land along its course. At times, the wall reaches a A two-year option agreement with Kuakini Corp., height of8 or9 feet, which seemsunnecessarily high which was selected in May as having the most as a barrier to roaming cattle or pigs...The fact that attractive proposal of the five submitted to develop the term used in the register of claims in "papipi," 100 acre expansion of the industrial area, was which refers to a wall or enclosure for cattle, not executedDec. 8,1981. TheTrustreceived$50,000 pigs, should answer the question of what kind of inpaymentfortheoptionwhichallowsthedeveloper animas the wall was meant to restrict in the 1840s. to prepare his plans to create approximately 76 one- Perhapsinmorerecentyearsitservedotherpurposes. acre industrial lots and to apply to the County for Why it is located between the coast and the gardens, rezoning. instead ofbetween the grazing land and the gardens, or why it is so high in places, we can only surmise In 1985, the Trust's 74th Annual Report gives an (1983:76). update for Keahuolu (Lili`uokalani Children's Center 1985): In this century there existed a small village of `opelu fishermen who resided at a coconut grove in Keahuolu. The survey of the mauka Kona farm lots was Behind this village, known as Maka`eo, were several large completed by Austin, Tsutsumi & Assoc. As the brackish waterponds where `opae `ula thrived. These shrimp leased areas on the map differ from the property were used to mix in the padu or chum, used forcatching `opelu. description in most of the leases, the lessees will be Several springs and one well provided potable water. The asked to confirm the area leased so that new leases village, coconut grove, and all the pools but one were can be prepared. destroyed during the construction of the Old Kona Airport (Clark 1985:1 l0). There were only two responses to the Trustees' request forproposals to develop the entire Keahuolu Cartographic material depicting Keahuolu was sought parcel. The proposal by Santa Cruz Properties, Inc. atthe State DepartmentofAccounting andGeneralServices, for a residential development was rejected by the 1311-011193 Appendix B B-8 Trustees. It was agreed that a proposal made by the The Kona Industrial Subdivision Unit 5 area was Gentry Companies wasunique andthat discussions cleared and grubbed, which created a renewed regarding their proposal should continue. interest in the five unleased lots. REFE~2ENCES CITED Board of Commissioners 1929 Indices of Awards Made by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. Honolulu. Chines, J.J. 1958 Tie Great Mahele: Hawaii's Land Division of 1848. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 1961 Original Land Titles in Hawaii. Clark, J.12.K. 1985 Beaches of the Big Island. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Handy, E.S.C., and E.G. Handy 1972 Native Planters in Old Hawaii. B.P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 233. B.P. Bishop Museum Press. Kelly, M. 1983 Na Mala o Kona: Gardens of Kona. A History of Land Use in Kona, Hawaii. Dept. Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum. Prepared for Dept. Transportation, State of Hawaii. Kinney, H.W. 1913 The Island ofHawai'i. Hilo: Published by Henry Wadsworth Kinney. Lili`uokalani Children's Center 1981a 70eh Annual Report. Lili`uolcalani Trust. 1981b Status Report. Lili`uokalani Trust. 1985 74th Annual Report. Lili`uokalani Trust. Maly, K. In Ka'aoHo'oniuaPu'uwainoKa-Mild.AlegendaryaccountofplacenamesoftheislandofHawai`i,published prep. in the Hawaiian Newspaper Ka Hoku o Hawaii, January 8, 1914Decerr?ber 6, 1917. Prepared for P.H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. (Translated by Kepa Maly. 1311-011193 ,4pendix B B-9 Pukui, M.K., S.H. Elbert, and E.T.Mo`okini 1974 Place Names ojHawai'i. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii. Rosendahl, P. 1972 Report and Walk-through Archaeological S urvey of the Queen LiIi `uokalani Village -Unit 3 Tract, Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii. Dept. Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum. Prepazed for Palani Development Co. and Lili`uokalani Trust. Stokes, J.F.G. 1991 Heiau of the Island of Hawai 'i. B.P. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Anthropology 2. B.P. Bishop Museum. Wong-Smith, Ii. 1990 Appendix B: Historical Documentary Research. IN Archaeological Inventory Survey, Queen Lili`uokalani `T'rust Property,Land ofKeahuolu,North KonaDistrict, IslandofI-iawai `i. PHRI Report 596-021290. Prepared for Belt, Collins & Associates. ~®tanacal Survey 100-Acre Expansion Area Keahuolu, North Kona, Hawaii Char & Associates February 1999 BOTANICAL SURVEY 100-ACRE EXPANSION AREA KEAHUOLU, NORTH KONG, HAWAII by Winona P. Char CHAR & ASSOCIATES Botanical Consultants Honolulu, Hawaii, Prepared for: BELT COLLINS HAWAII February 1999 BOTANICAL SURVEY 100-ACRE EXPANSION AREA KEAHUOLU, NORTH KONA, HAWAII INTRODUCTION The ±100-acre project site is part of the Queen Liliuokalani Trusts (QLT) Keahuolu Lands. The site is bounded by the Queen Kaahumanu Highway to the north, the Kona Industrial Subdivision to the east, Kuakini Highway and the Old Airport State Park to the south, and the QLT Children's Center lands to the west. The 100-acre expansion area is undeveloped, and is crossed by Makala Boulevard, Luhia Street, and a future service road (unpaved at present). Field studies to assess the botanical resources on the project site were conducted from February 19 to 20, 1999. The primary objectives of the survey were to: 1) provide a general description of the vegetation on the site; 2) inventory the flora; 3) search for threatened and endangered species as well as species of concern; and 4) identify areas of potential environmental problems or concerns and propose appropriate mitigation measures. SURVEY METHODS Prior to undertaking the field studies, a search was made of the pertinent literature to familiarize the principal investigator with other botanical studies conducted in the general area. Topographic maps as well as a recent colored aerial photograph were examined to determine vegetation cover patterns, terrain characteristics, access, boundaries, and reference points. The paved roads which cross the site provided access to all parts of the property. A walk through (pedestrian) survey method was used. Notes were made on plant associations and distribution, substrate types, drainage, exposure, disturbances, topography, etc. Plant identifications were made in the field; plants which could not be positively identified were collected for later determination in the herbarium, and for comparison with the recent taxonomic literature. An inventory of all the plants found on the undeveloped portion of the project site is presented in the checklist at the end of the report. The species recorded are indicative of the season ("rainy" vs. "dry") and the environmental conditions at the time of the survey. A survey taken at a different time of the year and under varying environmental conditions would no doubt yield slight variations in the species list, especially of the weedy, annual plants. DESCRIPTION OF THE VEGETATION Three general vegetation types are recognized on the expansion area. Kiawe forest is found on the northern portion of the parcel around Luhia Street. Fountain grass scrub is found on the majority of the property makai of Luhia Street. A weedy assemblage of plants species is associated with the roadsides and other disturbed areas. These vegetation types are described in more detail below. Kiawe Forest: Kiawe forest occurs on the northern portion of the parcel, between Luhia Street and Queen Kaiahumanu Highway. The forest is associated with the areas of shallow, gray-colored soils, mapped as Punaluu extremely rocky peat soils (Sato et al. 1973). The kiawe trees form an open to closed canopy forest, 20 to 40 ft. tall. Koa haole shrubs (Leucaena leucocephala) form a somewhat dense shrub layer, 5 to 15 ft. tall; the koa haole tends to be more abundant in the low lying Swale areas where there is more soil. Also common to abundant in these areas with deeper soil are dense clumps of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum), 3 to 6 ft. tall, and shrubs of barleria or Philippine violet (Barleria cristata) and Lantana (Lantana Camara). In the more open, rocky areas, fountain grass and the yellow-flowered fameflower (Talinum fruticosum) are abundant. . _ Other tree species which occur here in smaller numbers are monkeypod {Samanea saman), opiuma, and autograph tree (Clusia rosea). A few shrubs of alaheie {Psydrax odoratum) and klu (Acacia farnesiana), 5 to 15 ft. tall, are also occasionally encountered. Fountain Grass Scrub: Fountain grass with scattered shrubs and a few kiawe trees covers the majority of the 100-acre expansion area. Fountain grass is found on an old pahoehoe lava flow. Plant cover varies from 60 to 70o with the many rocky outcrops and lava knolls sparsely vegetated. Klu is the most frequently observed shrub; some plants reach 10 to 12 ft. in height and form small, thorny thickets. Other shrubs which are occasional in this vegetation type are Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius), koa haole, and the native caper or maiapilo (Capparis sandwichiana). Along the lower portion of the parcel, the shrubs mentioned above as well as ilima (Sida fallax) and lantana become more numerous. The large lava knolls support a few patches of uhaloa (Waltheria indica), Natal redtop grass, coat buttons (Tridax procumbens), Portulaca ilosa, and fountain grass. Fimbristylis hawaiiensis, a small endemic sedge, is found in shallow pockets of soil on the pahoehoe knolls. The deep cracks and fissures running through the pahoehoe knolls provide a somewhat moisture habitat for the eokupukupu or hairy sword fern (Nephrolepis multiflora). Roadside/Ruderal Vegetation: This vegetation type occurs on the disturbed areas along the paved and unpaved roads and bulldozed portions of the site, especially where it abuts the future service lane and the industrial subdivision. In places, clumps of fountain grass and low mats of ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis) are common. A number of weedy species, mostly annuals, are also associated with these disturbed sites. These include coat buttons, hairy spurge (Chamaesyce hirta), field bindweed (Ipomoea obscura), swollen fingergrass (Chloris barbata), fuzzy rattlepod (Crotalaria incana), slender mimosa (Desmanthus ~ernambucanus), red-flowered boerhavia (Boerhavia coccinea), and Florida beggarweed (Desmodium tortuosum). A few young koa haole shrubs, and saplings of kiawe and opiuma are occasionally found. In other places, such as along Luhia Street, there are few plants present due to recent grading and maintenance and/or herbicide treatment of the roadside areas. _ DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The 100-acre expansion area is undeveloped and three general vegetation types are recognized on the site. Kiawe forest occurs on the northern portion of the parcel on areas with shallow soil. Guinea grass and koa haole shrubs are also common to abundant in the kiawe forest. Fountain grass scrub covers the majority of the site and consists of clumps of fountain grass, up to 3 ft. high, with scattered shrubs of klu, koa haole, maiapilo, and Christmas berry and a few kiawe trees. Rocky outcrops and pahoehoe knolls are abundant. Disturbed areas such as along the roadsides and on bulldozed sections support weedy patches of plants. An earlier botanical study for the QLT makai roadways (Char 1993) reported similar vegetation types and findings. Introduced or alien species are the dominant plants found throughout the undeveloped 100-acre parcel. Introduced plants are all those plants which were brought to the islands by humans, intentionally or accidentally, after Western contact, that is, Cook's discovery of the Hawaiian Islands in 1778. A total of 66 plant species were inventoried on the 100-acre parcel. Of these, 57 (86.4°x) are introduced; 1 (1.5a) is originally of early Polynesian introduction; and 8 (12.10) are native. Of the natives, 6 are indigenous, that is, they are native to the Hawaiian Islands and elsewhere. These plants are the ilima (Sida fallax), koali awa (Ipomoea indica), iliee (Plumbago ze~lanica), alahee (Psydrax odoratum), aalii (Dodonaea viscosa), and uhaloa (Waltheria indica). Two species are endemic, that is, they are native only to the Hawaiian Islands. They are the maiapilo or native caper (Capparis sandwichiana) and Fimbrist~lis hawatiensis, a small sedge. None of the plants found during the field studies is a threatened and endangered species (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1997). The maiapilo and Fimbristylis are species of concern (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1997). Species of concern (formerly category 2, candidate species) are plants for which there are not enough data to support listing proposals at present; species of concern are not protected by any endangered species laws. The malapilo and the Fimbristylis are not considered high priority candidates for listing by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (1997). Maiapilo occurs on all the main Hawaiian Islands as well as some of the northwest islands. Fimbristylis occurs on open, sparsely vegetated lava flows from West Hawaii to Puna (Hawaii Volcanoes National Park}. The number of individual plants probably numbers in the thousands. The proposed change of zone for 100-acre expansion area should not have a significant negative impact on the botanical resources. The majority of the plants found on the undeveloped portion of the project site are introduced species such as fountain grass, kiawe, koa haole, klu, Guinea grass, and Christmas berry. The eight native species can be found in similar lowland environments on Hawaii island and also the other islands. It is recommended that native species be considered for land- scaping whenever possible. The Kona Outdoor Circle and the Amy Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden use native plants extensively for landscaping their grounds. Many commercial plant nurseies in Kona also grow and sell native plants. Excellent candidates for landscaping in this area are the native caper, ilima, alahee, and aali which are already found on the property. These plants are adapted to the local growing conditions and would require less water and soil. LITERATURE CITED Char, W.P. (Char & Associates). 1993. Botanical assessment survey, Queen Liliuokalani Trust Makai Roadways, North Kona District, island of Hawaii. Prepared for Belt Collins Hawaii. November 1993. Evenhuis, N.L. and S.E. Miller, eds. 1995-1998. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers Nos. 41-56. Lamoureux, C.H. 1988. Draft checklist of Hawaiian pteridophytes, "Kupukupu 0 Hawaii Nei". Lyon Arboretum, University of Hawaii, Manoa. Sato, H.H., W. Ikeda, R. Paeth, R. Smythe, and T. Takehiro, Jr. 1973. Soil survey of the island of Hawaii, State of Hawaii. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C. St. John, H. 1973. List and summary of the flowering plants in the Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden Memoir No. 1, Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1997. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service species list, plants. September 25, 1997. Pacific Islands Ecoregion Office, Honolulu, HI. Wagner, W.L., D.R. Herbst, and S.H. Sohmer. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaiii. 2 vols. University of Hawaii Press and B.P. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. B.P. Bishop Museum Special Publication No. 83. PLANT SPECIES LIST 100-acre Expansion Area The following checklist is an inventory of all the plants observed on the project site during the field studies. The plant names are arranged alphabetically by families within each of four groups: Ferns, Gymnosperms, Dicots, and Monocots. The taxonomy and nomenclature of the Ferns follow Lamoureux (1988); the Gymnosperms follow St. John (1973); and the flowering plants, Dicots and Monocots, are in accordance with Wagner et al. (1990). The few recent name changes for the flowering plants follow those reported in the Hawaii Biological Survey series (Evenhuis and Miller, eds. 1995-1998). For each species, the following information is provided: 1. Scientific name with author citation. 2. Common English and/or Hawaiian name(s), when known. 3. Biogeographic status. The following symbols are used: E .endemic .native only to the Hawaiian Islands. I indigenous .native to the Hawaiian Islands and also elsewhere. I? questionably indigenous .data not clear if dispersal by I? = questionably indigenous =data not clear if dispersal by natural or human-related mechanisms, but weight of evidence suggests probably indigenous. P Polynesian .plants originally of Polynesian introduction prior to Western contact, that is, Cook's discovery of islands in 1778. X .introduced or alien .all those plants brought to the Hawaiian Islands by humans, intentionally or accidentally, after Western contact. X? questionably introduced .dates of introduction unclear; could possibly be indigenous or perhaps of Polynesian introduction. 4. Presence or absence of a particular species within each of three vegetation types recognized on the project site (see text for discussion): k .Kiawe Forest f .Fountain Grass Scrub r -Roadside/Ruderal Vegetation v a -N s-~ I I -r + I I + + + i l C m~ I + ~ I + I + I++ ~ I rn N b X X X X X X X X X X X X (/7 ~ ~ ~C C ~ ~ X •r 'r' I N f0 7 ~ r- 4! ~ ~ i d hl ~ d ~ N~ U L i .G p1 ~ i C1 S.. ~ G O 3 ~ N •r O ra .tea O O ~ E ~ ~ S.. O r° N O O ~ ~ r6 N e--• 4- -V O C ~ i 'N •r O ~ 01 ~ I •r O O, O A N 3 •r- d1 s ~ E ~ r= C •r •r i r•- V -f•~ ~ •r ~ aG i •r S.. i i rp 7 c0 p~ C O O rO Q t N tC ~ r•" O 'r B U ,l] N U V d. Oe U C~ O N O ~ 0. N ~ i. C o2f L O •r rd ~ C n ~ 7 n C a d-> t~ i-. ~ •r O r= C7 r- S. 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List of Narnes and Addresses of Property ®enrners within 3®0 feet of Applicant's Property. ~PPEf~II~IX ~ LIST OF NAMES, ADDRESSES AND TAX MAP KEYS OF ALL OWNERS AND LESSEES OF RECORD OF SURROUNDING PROPERTIES WIiO ARE REQUIRED TO RECEIVE NOTICE {WITHIN 300 FEET OF SUBJECT PROPERTY) 7-4-08:2 Fee: Liliuokalani Trust Estate (Applicant) 7-5-05:7 Fee: State of Hawai i c/o Land Administrator State of Hawaii Department of Land & Natural Resources (Land Division) Kalanimoku Building, Room 220 1151 Punchbowl Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 7-5-05: 72 Fee: State of Hawai i c!o Land Administrator State of Hawaii Department of Land & Natural Resources (Land Division) Kalanimoku Building, Room 220 1151 Punchbowl Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 7-5-05: 73 Fee: State of Hawaii c% Land Administrator State of Hawaii Department of Land & Natural Resources (Land Division) Kalanimoku Building, Room 220 1151 Punchbowl Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 • 7-5-05: 74 Fee: State of Hawaii c/o Land Administrator State of Hawaii Department of Land & Natural Resources (Land Division) Kalanimoku Building, Room 220 1151 Punchbowl Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 7-5-05: 79 Fee: State of Hawaii c% Land Administrator State of Hawaii Department of Land & Natural Resources (Land Division) Kalanimoku Building, Room 220 1151 Punchbowl Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Application for Change of Zone Queen Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu Lands North Kona, Hawaii TMK 7-4-08: Por 2 December 2000 7-5-05: 82 Fee: State of Hawaii c/o Land Administrator State of Hawaii Department of Land & Natural Resources (Land Division) Kalanimoku Building, Room 220 1151 Punchbowl Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 7-5-05: 83 Fee: State of Hawaii c/o Land Administrator State of H awa i i Department of Land & Natural Resources (Land Division) Kalanimoku Building, Room 220 1151 Punchbowl Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Lease: County of Hawaii Director Department of Finance 25 Aupuni Street Hilo, Hawaii 96720 7-5-05: 85 Fee: Lanihau Partnership L.P. 75-5570 Kuakini Highway Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 Lease: Hawaii Motors Inc. P.O. Box 396 Hilo, Hawaii 96721 7-4-10:7 Fee: Liliuokalani Trust Estate (Applicant) Lease: Citizens Utilities Co. C/o Gasco P.O. Box 3000 Honolulu, HI 96802 7-4-10:8 Fee: Liliuokalani Trust Estate (Applicant) Lease: Slim Holt Inc. C/o First Hawaiian Bank -Trust Department P.O. Box 3200 Honolulu, Hawaii 96801 Application for Change of Zone Queen Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu Lands North Kona, Hawaii TMK 7-4-08: Por 2 December 2000 7-4-10:9 Fee: Liliuokalani Trust Estate (Applicant) Lease: Spalding-Gulsons Hawaii Partnership 307 Lewers Street 6`h Floor Honolulu, Hawaii 96815 7-4-10: 10 Fee: Liliuokalani Trust Estate (Applicant) Lease: Spalding-Gulsons Hawaii Partnership 307 Lewers Street 6`h Floor Honolulu, Hawaii 96815 7-4-10: 11 Fee: Liliuokalani Trust Estate (Applicant) Lease: Chung Partners 78-7070 Alii Drive Suite C-204 Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 7-4-10: 12 Fee: Liliuokalani Trust Estate (Applicant) Lease: Allan D. Starr Trust Hawaiian Trust Co. Ltd. P.O. Box 3170 Honolulu, Hawaii 96802-3170 Application for Change of Zone Queen Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu Lands North Kona, I•iawaii TMK 7-4-08: Por 2 December 2000 7-4-10: 13 Fee: Liliuokalani Trust Estate (Applicant) Lease: Elaine Hiroaki & Lawrence Kono Foundation C/o Liliuokalani Trust Estate C/o First Hawaiian Bank -Trust Division P.O. Box 3200 Honolulu, Hawaii 96801 FBO Fred Y. Fujimoto C/o Liliuokalani Trust Estate C/o First Hawaiian Bank ®Trust Division P.O. Box 3200 Honolulu, Hawaii 96801 FBO Robert M. Fujimoto C/o Liliuokalani Trust Estate C/o First Hawaiian Bank -Trust Division P.O. Box 3200 Honolulu, Hawaii 96801 Sub-Lease: Hawaii Planing Mill Ltd. C/o Liliuokalani Trust Estate C/o First Hawaiian Bank -Trust Division P.O. Box 3200 Honolulu, Hawaii 96801 7-4-10: 23 Fee: Liliuokalani Trust Estate (Applicant) Lease: Sanford S. Granger Trust & Pearl Granger firust c/o DBA Grapac Properties 238 Sand Island Access Road R4 Honolulu, Hawaii 96819 7-4-10: 24 Fee: Liliuokalani Trust Estate (Applicant) Lease: Holualoa Management Corp. 75-5706 Hanama Place Suite 104 Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 Application for Change of Zone Queen Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu Lands North Kona, Hawaii TMK 7-4-0i3: Poe 2 December 2000 7-4-10: 25 Fee: Liliuokalani Trust Estate (Applicant) Lease: Holualoa Management Corp. 75-5706 Hanama Place Suite 104 Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 7-4-10: 26 Fee: Liliuokalani Trust Estate (Applicant) Lease: Maui Varieties Investment Inc. c% First Hawaiian Bank -Trust Division P.O. Box 3200 Honolulu, Hawaii 96847 Sub-Lease: Style Center Inc. do First Hawaiian Bank -Trust Division P.O. Box 3200 Honolulu, Hawaii 96847 7-4-15:9 Fee: Liliuokalani Trust Estate (Applicant) Lease: Gold Coast Investment Co. 74-5543 Kaiwi Street Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 7-4-15: 10 Fee: Liliuokalani Trust Estate (Applicant) Lease: Trojan Lumber Co. Inc. c% First Hawaiian Bank Trust Division P.O. Box 3200 Honolulu, Hawaii 96847 Application for Change of Zone Queen Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu Lands North Kona, Hawaii TMK 7-4-08: Por 2 December 2000 7-4-15: 11 Fee: Liliuokalani Trust Estate {Applicant) Lease: William Barringer c/o HPC and Associates 714 Kanoelehua Avenue Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Blaschka Family Trust c/o HPC and Associates 714 Kanoelehua Avenue Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Shrewsbury Family Trust c/o HPC and Associates 714 Kanoelehua Avenue Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Sub-Lease: HPC and Associates 714 Kanoelehua Avenue Hilo, Hawaii 96720 7-4-15: 16 Fee: Liliuokalani Trust Estate (Applicant) Lease: James Casper C/o Mauna Lei Partners 74-5565 Luhia Street #CC1 Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 Sub-Lease: Mauna Lei Partners 74-5565 Luhia Street #CC1 Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 7-4-20:9 Fee: Liliuokalani Trust Estate (Applicant) Lease: KM Kona Partners C/o First Hawaiian Bank -Trust Division P.O. Box 3 708 Honolulu, Hawaii 96811 Application for Change of Zone Queen Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu Lands North Kona, Hawaii TMK 7-4-08: Por 2 December 2000 7-4-20: 14 Fee: Liliuokalani Trust Estate (Applicant) Lease: KM Kona Partners Go First Hawaiian Bank -Trust Division P.O. Box 3 708 Honolulu, Hawaii 96811 7-4-20: 15 Fee: Liliuokalani Trust Estate (Applicant) Lease: KM Kona Partners Go First Hawaiian Bank -Trust Division P.O. Box 3 708 Honolulu, Hawaii 96811 Application for Change of Zone Queen Liliuokalani Trust Keahuolu Lands North Kona, Hawaii TMK 7-4-08: Por 2 December 2000 Legal ®escription of the Property in Mlap and 1A/ritten Form by Nletes and Hounds ~~~E~1DI~C E DESCRIPTION Parcel A from ML-1 a zoning to MCX-20 zoning Being a portion of Royal Patent 6851, Land Commission Award 8452, Apana 12 to A. Keohokalole Situated at Keahuolu, North Kona, Island of Hawaii, Hawaii Beginning at the southeast corner of this parcel of land, the coordinates of said point of beginning referred to Government Survey Triangulation Station "KAILUA (North Meridian)" being 233.58 feet South and 2,583.43 feet West, thence running by azimuths measured clockwise from True South: 1. Along the northerly side of Kuakini Highway, on a curve to the right with a radius of 716.20 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 103° 05' 13" 304.24 feet; 2. 115° 21' 1,422.00 feet along Proposed State Park (Governor's Executive Order 2876); 3. 182° 05' 1,219.78 feet along the remainder of R.P. 6851, L.C. Aw. 8452, Apana 12 to A. Keohokalole; 4. 199° 10' 974.00 feet along the remainder of R.P. 6851, L.C. Aw. 8452, Apana 12 to A. Keohokalole; 5. 215° 20' 881.68 feet along the remainder of R.P. 6851, L.C. Aw. 8452, Apana 12 to A. Keohokalole; 6. Thence along Parcel 10 of Queen Kaahumanu Highway Widening, Kailua to Keahole, Project No. 19A6-02-97, on a curve to the left with a radius of 4,620.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 307 ° 57' 47.2" 1,074.34 feet; 7. 21 1 ° 17' 10.4" 15.00 feet along Parcel 10 of Queen Kaahumanu Highway Widening, Kailua to Keahole, Project No. 19AB-02-97; 8. Thence along Parcel 10 of Queen Kaahumanu Highway Widening, Kailua to Keahole, Project No. 19AB-02-97, on a curve to the left with a radius of 4,605.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 299° 38' 35.2" 264.09 feet; 9. 298° 00' 124.19 feet along Parcel 10 of Queen Kaahumanu Highway Widening, Kailua to Keahole, Project No. 19AB-02-97; 10. 25° 41' 395.64 feet along Parcel 9 of Queen Kaahumanu Highway Widening, Kailua to Keahote, Project No. 19A6-02-97 and Lot 1-B; 11. Thence along Lot 1-B, on a curve to the left with a radius of 5,440.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 299° 26' 02.65" 131.16 feet; 12. 28 ° 44' 36" 60.00 feet along the northwesterly end of Luhia Street; 13. Thence along Lot 7 of Kona Industrial Subdivision -Unit 2 (File Plan 1321), on a curve to the right with a radius of 5,500.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 119 ° 15' 22.7" 98.48 feet; 14. 25° 41' 729.46 feet along Lots 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 and 2 of Kona Industrial Subdivision -Unit 2 (File Plan 1321); 15. 19° 10' 471.31 feet along Lots 2 and 1 of Kona Industrial Subdivision -Unit 2 (File Plan 1321) and Lot 8 of Kona Industrial Subdivision - Unit 1 (File Plan 1129); 16. 1 ° 00' 576.81 feet along Lots 7, 6 and 5 of Kona Industrial Subdivision - Unit 1 (File Plan 1129); 17. 344° 21' 30" 617.05 feet along Lots 4, 3, 2 and 1 of Kona Industrial Subdivision - Unit 1 (File Plan 1129) to the point of beginning and containing an area of 100.757 acres. 680 Ala Moana Boulevard LICENSED Cy BELT COLLINS HAWAII LTD. First Floor 2 FROFESSIONAL ~ Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 LAND SURVEYOR ~ January 3, 2001 ~ Na. 4188 # ~ ~ yq P Licensed Professional Land Su a or )'Vgll U ~ Certificate Number 4188 2 _ ~ f e~® N,O ` OIL f I ~OIO ~ P O! fl ~ fl , Ojv ~1~ I 0/~ ~ f o, ~`a o; 299'38'35.2° 211'17' 10.4' i i 264.09 15.00 ~ i 298'00' 124.19 ~ I ! ' 1~~30'07'29.3" R=5440.00 o~ 6® ~ arcel ~ _ ~ i i ~ 29'46'09.4 R=5500.00 I ~ ~ ' 6HKAY ~ 30T57°47.2" Parcel 9 ? 1074.34 ; ~ o~0 2s44~3s' ~ ~ i-$ 299"26°02.65' 131.16 0 I c i ' i ~i~ N 1 ; 28"44'36° 60.00 N N 7 s ~ m 119° 15'22.78 98.48 o PARCEL A 5~~ " Fr°®~ ML~i~ Z®ning a ~d t~ ~1CX-20 Zoning = N ~ 3 Q 100.757 Ac . N ®A52• ! 2 e- < r• N ~ co~PW i °o ~0~ + w f d Calm Kahle ~ ! e o m Lai ~e~~ ~ ~ ~ 6~5 ' do P ~ ®O. a ®Pate~t a 12 ` s al V: ~,Qa~ S~ 5 nrd .o Ro 4jdsa ~ 344 21'30° 3 Aso 617A5 0, Z NI `D ,c 1 cy i \ 11521' - - 1422.00 ` Q Park 233.58 S. Proposed State 2583.43 YY. L°(~N (Governor's Executive Ordir 28751 103°05'1 tii 304.24 e ~ IJCEPIS® PRO ~S®ONAL ~ ~N~N CN w ~ SURVEYOR ~ AT ~ ~OtrA. I OF ii~19~AII, ~iAMAII No. 4188 ~ t, T COLLINS HAWAII, L70 ~ 680 Ala Moana Boulevard ° This a+ork was prepared by NOTE: First Floor me or under my ervi~n Coordinates and azimuths referred Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 v ~ ~ ~ to 'KAILUA (North Meridian) ' ~ G -c,-_Z_,__,~ January 3. 2001 ~I~PA~T~~i~f~T ~t1U11C CbUI~TY t~F t-IA1NAll I-i11Wt?, ~-If~~,~1Aii dA'~: ~~pril t f ~iJ~`1 T+~ t;hristopher J. Yuen, Planning director Planning department FROM : ~aien he3. Kuba, division Chief ~ ~...,~ngineering C7ivision ~U~J~~T ~ban~e of ~v~e .~~p@icafii~n ~1®~03 ) NiL-1 a tc~ MCX-20 Applicant: Ctueen Liliuakalani rust Location: Keahuolu, hi. Kona, H1 TMIC: 317-~.WD$:OU2, 6$, ~9, ~4 We reviewed the subject application and our comments are as follows: ~t~Al/dl~ ~,t~ 1. All development generated runoff shall be disposed of on-site and shall nat be directed toward any adjacent properties. 2. A drainage study shall be prepared, and the recammended drainage system shaft be constructed meeting ~+~ith the approval of ®PVII. 4! I~ ~ r I-' 14J ~im 1. Solid waste rrsanagement shall confiorm to the rules and regulations vfi the aPW, Solid Waste Division. The developer shall prepare and submit a solid waste management plan to the dPW for review and approval. 1~~ ~7`~l~U.~ TC'R Wastewater disp~asal shall meet the rules and regulations of the dPW, Wastewater f~ivision. The applicant shall construct se~~~er line improvements and cvnnoct to the County wastewater system. ~~~j~t~~v~~~~~ i 1 ~ f~i~rn~r~n~u~n try i't') ~.prii ~t~01 Pare ? at 2 1. Vehicular access to the individual Iota shall not be from the C71d Airport Road. 2. The existing Qld Airport Road, which extends from Kuakini Highway, is presently on an easerrient obtainer by the Gaunty from DLNR for access and utility purposes. The la'lanning Department should determine if this is to be the permanent alignment for Kuakini Highway extension, shown as Shore Drive in the Keahvle to NCailua Development flan. If allowed by the owner, the applicant shall provide full itc~provements to the frontage slang tDlcf Airport Load consisting of, I~ut not limited to, pavement widening with concrete curb, gutter and sidewalk, bike lanes, drainage improvements, streetlights, signals, signs and markings and any relocation of utilities; as required by and meeting with the approval of the DI~W. Bhould the road irrrprovements be part of a proposed County project, instead of making the required improvements, the developer may deposit with the County, an amount equal to all development costs for such improvemen#s. The amount shall be paid in a manner meeting with the approve! of the Directors of the Departments of Finance and Z~ublic Works. 2. All interior roadways shall be constructed to County dedicable standards in accordance with the requirements of the Department of t'ublic Works, including concrete curbs, gutters, and sidewalks. 3. In the interests of pedestrian and bicyclist safety, bike lanes should be considered throughout this project. Tt~At=~F1C 1. Based upon the TZAR, dated Dec~;mber 18, ~OOp, the applicant shall install conduit and Ioop detectors for a traffic signal and channeli~ation at the intersection of N{akala Blvd. and ~.uhia Street concurrent with the development of proposed Phasel. 7'he traffic signal shall be installed concurrent with l~h~ase l if required by DPV~J. 2. Prior to the development of proposed phases 2 andlor 3, upon request by the DPW, the applicant shall submit a current Traffic Impact Analysis Deport for approve! by the DPW, recornrnending rrsitigation for level ®f service deficiencies and projecting trafi•ic impacts from the proposed phases}. Construction of improvements as recommender ksy the traffic study and! or required by the ~1~`W shall be a condition of developrraent of either or both phases. Should there be any questions concerning this matter, please feel free to contact Kiran ~t~ler of our Kona engineering Division office at 32~~~~30. F~E° ropy: `SRI" ~iNi~-f-I ILC ~~r~~~r~.ar~~ Harr Kim ~,~<rlo~ kq~' Y `P • ~I,,;;~ James S_ Corre Mayor ' Police Chief :f ••~°~4"' is el °~•Mw`r ~,!i11 iii,^; ~'±1 4pE pF'µ}~ ~..~.t ~ ~r:lt S i~~l 7 21 County of Hawaii ` ~ : ~ POI,ICE DEPARTMENT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 349 Kapiolani Street • Hilo, Hawaii 96720-3998 ~:h (808)935-3311 • Fax (808)961-8869 March 2, 2001 TO :CHRISTOPHER J. YUEN, PLANNING DIRECTOR FROM ^ : ~A A. KAWAUCHI, MAJOR, FIELD OPERATIONS BUREAU, AREA I SUBJECT :CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 01-003) APPLICANT: QUEEN LILIUOKALANI TRUST REQUEST: M1-lA TO MCX-20 TAX MAP KEY: 7-4-008:PORTION OF 2, 68, 69, 70 Staff has reviewed the above-referenced application and offers the following comments: This request for rezoning and development of 100.757 acres by Queen Liliuokalani Trust will double the size of the existing old Kailua industrial area. As you must be aware, the highway infrastructure servicing this area is already inadequate. We, therefore, request that you postpone any rezoning until existing infrastructure needs are met. In any event, this area should not be rezoned until the Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Kuakini Highway expansions to four lanes are completed. We are also concerned with the report submitted with the application. Attached is a copy of page 4 of the application. We would like to respond to question 10, "What sort of governmental assistance and/or improvements do you feel will be needed in the subject area when developed?" While we cannot answer for all of the other involved agencies, we believe this development will definitely require service from both our Police and Fire Departments. Our Kona District police officers already have difficulty in meeting calls for service. We will need additional officers to service this industrial development. Thank you for the opportunity to comment. JD:Ik ' ~ ~ ~ Attachment 8. To your knowledge, has there been any flooding and/or drainage problem on the subject area? No If so, please describe the problem. 9. Do you think that the roads leading to the subject area needs improvement? NO If so, what kind? The applicant assumes that the State DOT will proceed with its planned widening of Queen Kaahumanu Highway by the year 2010. The applicant also assumes that the County will proceed with its improvement plans for Kuakini Highway, south of Palani Road and at the intersection with Palani Road. Is the road adequate for the proposed traffic volume Please see Traffic or load? Impart study in 10. what sort of governmental assistance and/or improvements appendix A. do you feel will be needed in the subject area when developed? Yes No a. Schools X b' Roads X c. Sewer X d. Drainage X e. Police Protection X f. Fire Protection X g. Recreational Facilities X h. Public Utilities X i. Other -4- .L: A: ir.{J 'q{. e ~~L~ ~OLL11V March 22, 2001 9845-0200/01 A-155 Mr. Christopher Yuen Director i•`- ~ - ~ Planning Department J County of Hawaii r:_,~ 25 Aupuni Street - Hilo, Hawaii 96720 - Subject: Change of Zone Application (REZ 01-003) Applicant: Queen Liliuokalani Trust ~ Request: ML-1 a to MCX-20 J Tax Map Key: TMK 7-4-08: Por 2, 68, 69 & 70 Dear Mr. Yuen: Please refer to the memo dated March 2, 2001 from the Hawaii County Police Department to the Planning Department (forwarded to Belt Collins on March 21, 2001). Project Area Available for Development Under Existing Zoning The 100.757-acre project area is presently within the County of Hawaii's Limited Industrial Zoning District (ML-1 a). As a result, the project area is currently available for development under its existing zoning. The proposed rezoning (from Limited Industrial to Mixed Industrial- Commercial use) is intended as a change to a more flexible zoning classification, to allow the Trust greater flexibility to meet market opportunities in the Kailua-Kona area. Roadway Improvements Liliuokalani Trust has worked closely with the State Department of Transportation (DOT) on its proposed widening project for Queen Kaahumanu Highway, including the recent acquisition of Trust land by the State for a portion of the widening area. Liliuokalani Trust will continue to work closely with DOT toward the successful implementation of its project. The Trust understands that the timetable for completion of the widening project is subject to available funding and has not yet been firmly established. BELT COLLINS HAWAII LTD. 680 ALA MOANA BOULEVARD, FIRST FLOOR, HONOLULU, HAWAII 96813.5406 U.S.A. TEL: 808 52 ] -5361 FAX: 808 538.7819 EMAIL: hawaii®beltcollins.com WEB: www.beltcollins.com PLANNING ENGINEERING LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTING HAWAII • SINGAPORE • HONC KONG • AUSTRALIA • THAILAND • MALAYSIA • PHILIPPINES • GUAM • SEATTLE • SCOTTSDALE _ Belc Collins Hawaii is an Equal Opporcunuy Employer. '-,y Vic.. Mr. Christopher Yuen March 22, 2001 - 01 A-155 Page 2 Since 1995, Liliuokalani Trust has completed construction of several roads in the project area, including Makala Boulevard, between Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Kuakini Highway, and the Luhia Street extension, between Makala Boulevard and Kaiwi Street. Both Makala Boulevard and Luhia Street have become part of the Kailua-Kona area road network, providing alternative routes through Kailua Village and around the Queen Kaahumanu Highway/Palani Road intersection. Police and Fire Services As mentioned within our rezoning application, the project area is served by the County's Kailua-Kona Fire Station on Palani Road and the County's Police Station at Kealakehe. Further development in the project area, permitted under the existing limited industrial zoning, is anticipated to proceed on an incremental basis over the next 20 years, with or without the proposed rezoning. On behalf of Liliuokalani Trust, we are grateful for this opportunity to provide our comments and welcome any questions or comments you may have. With regards, BELT COLLINS HAWAII LTD. Gene Yong Senior Planner GY:gk cc: Hawaii County Police Department Frank )ahrling F'.. N9 .tPJ~ ~asg y BENJAMEN J. %AVE7AN'J " GOVERNOR t. BRUCE S. ANDERSQN, Ph.D_, M.P.H. DIRECTOR OF HEALTH m , ~.®.tlp.~ap~. ~EPAR7ME~iT QF F~EALTf-I r ~nr , P.o. aox s1s ~-~;1,.1''.,llr,,,;,, i-~ , _ er,.~ r : , - HILO, HAWAII 96721-0916 ~~%~~d 1~~' ivy!_- ~ '`~`i~yt~~~ 1T li( LVIEMORANDUM DATE: February 7, 2001 TO: Christopher J. Yuen Planning Director, County of Hawaii FROM: Aaron Ueno District Environmental Health Program Chief SUBJECT: Change of Zone Application (REZ 01-003) Applicant: Queen Liliuokalani Trust Request: M1-la to MCX-20 Tax Map Key: 7-4-008:portion of 2,~,~Q,ZQ The applicant should contact the Army Corps of Engineers (COE) to identify whether a Federal permit (including a Department of Army (DA) permit) is required for this project. A Section 401 Water Quality Certification (WQC) is required for "Any applicant for Federal license or permit to conduct any activity including, but not limited to, the construction or operation of facilities, which may result in any discharge into the navigable waters...," pursuant to Section 401(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Act (commonly known as the "Clean Water Act (CWA)"). If the project involves the following activities with discharges into State waters, an NPDES general permit is required for each activity: a. Discharge of storm water runoff associated with construction activities, including clearing, grading, and excavation that result in the disturbance of equal to or greater than five (5) acres of total land area; b. Construction dewatering effluent; c. Non-contact cooling water; d. Hydrotesting water; and 1 Ifi Christopher J. Yuen February 7, 2001 Page 2 e. Treated contaminated groundwater from underground storage tank remedial activity. The application for NPDES general permit coverage should be submitted to the Director at least 30 days prior to the discharge to State waters. If there is any type of process wastewater discharge from the facility into State waters, the applicant may be required to apply for an Individual NPDES permit. The application for an Individual NPDES permit should be submitted to the Director at least 180 days prior to the discharge of process wastewater to State waters. Should you have any further questions regarding this matter, please contact the Engineering Section of the Clean Water Branch in Honolulu at (808) 586-4309. WP7.O:REZ01-3.mi 3'~ ~//ice\\ d~ ~L~ COLLIN~ February 21, 2001 9845-0200/01 A-099 Mr. Christopher Yuen Director Planning Department County of Hawaii _rt:~. 25 Aupuni Street C Hilo, Hawaii 96720 ~ Dear Mr. Yuen: ~ , . _ c~ Change of Zone Application (REZ 01-003) - - . ~ Applicant: Queen Liliuokalani Trust Request: ML-1 a to MCX-20 Tax Man Key: TMK 7-~-08: Por 2, 68, 69 & 70 Please refer to the Planning Department's letter dated February 13, 2001, attaching comments from the State Department of Health (DOH) (see fetter dated February 7, 2001). Liliuokalani Trust has no specific development plans for the project area coinciding with the subject change of zone application. From earlier rezoning applications and from our previous correspondences with the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE), we understand that the change of zone application, in and of itself, does not trigger the requirement for any Department of the. Army permits. The Trust understands that any activities that impact state waters, wetlands, nature or wildlife preserves may require permits from USAGE and the State DOH. At the time of development, the Trust will file for or ensure that developers of the property will file for all required permits, which may include Department of the Army permits, State Water Quality Certification, or National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) general or individual permits. We understand that these may be required for work in waters of the United States or state waters, or for discharges into state waters relating to either construction activities or on-site operations. Last year and in conjunction with a planned 5-acre "Builder's Express" home improvement center now under construction, the Trust performed mass grading on a 16.2-acre portion of the subject property along Queen Kaahumanu Highway. Prior to construction, Belt Collins, on behalf of the Trust, consulted with the State DOH and received a determination from the Department that an NPDES general permit for storm water discharge for the project would not be required as long as no discharges to state waters were anticipated. All storm water generated from the project was contained within the project boundary, with no off-site discharges. BELT COLLINS HAWAII LTD. • 680 ALA MOANA BOULEVARD, FIRST FLOOR, HONOLULU, HAWAII 96813-5406 U.S.A. TEL: 308 X21-361 FAX: 808 538-7819 EMAIL: hawaii0obeltcollins.com WEB: www.beltcollins,com Nl,.fi ..J PLANNING ENGINEERING LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTING HAWAII • SINGAPORE • HONG KONG • AUSTRALIA • THAILAND • MALAYSIA • PHILIPPINES • GUAM • SEATTLE • SCOTTSDALE 6c1~ Collins Hawa,i is an Egoal Oppo rtuniay Employer. Mr. Christopher Yuen February 21, 2001 - 01 A-099 Page 2 Additionally, monitoring requirements of marine water quality for the project were exempted on the basis of earlier marine water quality monitoring, which revealed no demonstrable impact of erosion and runoff during construction of Makala Boulevard and Luhia Street. If you have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact either )im Bell or myself at (808) 521-5361. With regards, BELT COLLINS HAWAII LTD. e Gene Yong Senior Planner GY:gk cc: DOH (Honolulu & Hilo) Frank Jahrling JAN-30-01 TUE 03:07 PM F... ~`n~ Dep± Kona FAX:808 3273_ PAGE 2 i~ a~~G~IVE~ JAN ~ ~ ~QQg Luhia ~artt9ers 74-S5b5 Luhia Street CCI Kaildaa-Kona, Hawaii 96740 January 24, 2001 (sent Yong I$elt Collins Hawaii L°T'l~ 680 Alaanoas~a ~vulevard ><Ioztolulu, Hawaii 96813-5406 dear Mr. Yong: ,l'~uhia Partners is in recefpt a~your notice concerning the application for rezoaung ®f T I~®s. y-4~-8: for 2, 68, 69 ~ 70. Lupin partners is concerned that an appiicatlora is being under the guise of bea~fiting "area residents, local businesses, and the visitor community." I~zoning the existing Dorn; Industrial Subdivision, adjacent to the I4~akalapua Ilusiness Center. would be ofa greater benel°rt to the aforeraaentioned camrraunity anemberaa. This area is tota[Iy devclaaped with irafraatructur+esnd existing buildings in place. The netiv 1Vlalcalapua ~usinesaa Center catanot possa'bly compete with rents in the existing saabdivasion. It is tht~uglr the lower resats in the existing irrfrastrarctrrre that the caffimmunity will benefit, because the bottom line is always costs which are passed through to the customer, i.e., a cornmaanity rrreanbec Tn fact, it is my understanding that the Lili~$okalani Traast has been trying unsuccessfully for years to have the Kona Industrial Subdivisioar zoning upgraded to a anixed use. XJntil this rezoning is ~complished, I must oppose the rezoning aI'the adjacent parcels. This objection as based on the very premise of the applicationa for rezoning the l~akalapua Bus'sness Center, tEaat is "to allow greater flexibility to attract businesses and services which rraay benefit area residents, local businesses, and the visitor coaxamuraity." There is a greater benefit to the carnrnunlty if the existing ]Bona Industrial gubdivissau is rezoned to a mixed use prior to the adjacent farad being rezoned. Very trtaly yours, Thomas L. Stephenson Ltdhia 1?axtners Cc 7Fhe County ofHa~?aii The Commercial Groasp Liliuokalani Trust ~ o~ ` 3a ` - BELT` COLLINS ~ I~~ r.~~~q1 l ~ ~ ~>;_`I t February 7, 2001 ' 9845-0200/01A-081 Mr. Thomas L. Stephenson Mauna Lei Partners 74-5565 Luhia Street CC1 Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 Dear Mr. Stephenson: Change of Zone Application from ML-1a to MCX-20 1•MK No. 7-4-8: Por 2, 68, 69 & 70 Queen Liliuokalani 'T`rust Keahuolu, North Kona District~lsland of Hawaii On behalf of Liliuokalani Trust, I would like to acknowledge the concerns in your ' letter dated January 24, 2001, and to address some of the issues raised. Liliuokalani Trust is proceeding with rezoning of the largely undeveloped Makalapua Business Center in anticipation of future market opportunities, which may require more flexibility from the Trust to provide larger land parcels to potential developers and lessees. Together with the Trust's commercially-zoned Makalapua Center and industrial-zoned Kona Industrial Subdivision (KIS), the proposed mixed industrial- commercial rezoning of Makalapua Business Center will give the Trust greater latitude to meet the demand of developers and businesses to locate businesses and services within the Kailua-Kona community. The existing Kona Industrial Subdivision is constrained by smaller lot parcels (typically 1 acre) with widely varying lease terms (from month-to-month to 2030), precluding opportunities for large comprehensive redevelopment in the area. While Makalapua Business Center is intended to meet opportunities for both existing KIS businesses to expand to larger land parcels within the immediate vicinity (i.e. HPM) and for new businesses to also locate themselves on larger parcels in Kailua-Kona, the Trust recognizes that the existing KIS, as it is presently configured and entitled, meets a substantial need among smaller businesses within the local community. The Trust anticipates that rezoning of KIS to the mixed industrial-commercial district will likely prompt the requirement to upgrade roads and underground utilities in conformance with current County standards. The substantial costs of these actions would have to be passed onto the current KIS lessees, which may adversely impact the present lease rents within the existing KIS and the numerous small businesses found there. BELT COLL[NS HAWAII LTD. 680 AL,9 MOANA BOULEVARD, FIRST FLOOR, HONOLULU, HAWAII 96813-5406 U.S.A. TEL: 308 521-5361 FAX: 808 538-7819 EMAIL: hawaii@beltcollins.com WEB: www.beltcollins.com PLANNING ENGINEERING LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTING HAWAII • SINGAPORE • HONG KONG • AUSTRALIA • THAILAND • MALAYSIA • PHILIPPINES • GUAM • SEATTLE • SCOTTSDALE Gelc Collins Hawau is an Equal Opporounicy Employee. Mr. Thomas L. Stephenson February 7, 2001 - 01 A-081 Page 2 While the Trust has informally considered rezoning of the existing Kona Industrial Subdivision to the mixed industrial-commercial use district, it has never formally submitted an application to the County of Hawaii. We thank you for your concerns and hope the above comments have helped to outline the Trust's best intentions for its existing and future lessees and, ultimately, its beneficiaries, the orphaned children of Hawaiian descent. . If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact either Frank Jahrling of First Hawaiian Bank at (808) 525-7164 or myself at (808) 521-5361. • With regards, BELT COLLINS HAWAII LTD. , Gene Yong Senior Planner GY:gk cc: Liliuokalani Trust Planning Department -County of Hawaii _