COM 0212.428 1996-1998 - Laserfiche WebLink

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0 COUNCIL FOR AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE ANO TECHNOLOGY--4 rowUt and maturation inhibition of fresh loads and fnr Some varieties of fruit are very sensitive to radiation and disinfestation of arthropod pests in food. In addition. the skin of the fruit is damaLed. They therefore may be Japan and other countries that ban the use of chemical poorly suited for irradiation: whereas other varieties of sprout inhibitors, irradiate potatoes :md onions to pre- the same fruit respond well. And, too. commodities tend vent sproutin_. The shelf life of spcci:dty. acry perish- to be harvested over very short periods, a practice cre- able sweet varieties of onions c:m he estcnded to ? ?tiug huge volumes rcquirinc rapid treatment. Very low months. Irradiation of tomatoes nut only c~tends their doses of ionizin, radiation can prevent the emergence shelFli(cbutalsoallowsthemtnbchan'estcd,ehen lolly nl adult insects and thereby meet treatment demands. ripe. Irradiated mushrooms have a 3-u~eck .hell lift Because irradiation leaves no residues, products must without hmwning orcap separatirnt. lrr:¢liation a(straw- he protected from «infestation alien treatment and dur- hcrncn rstcnds their rcfriccrated shell li(c t„ 3 weeks ing tr;msport. nhuul der;rv nr shnukagc. Irr:,Jiatcd Inu1 :nut cr~xtu- Lhc of irradiation os a quarantine control measure hies nu„ arr availaMc in uanc t'.S. >Il,rr.. raluu'n;p,proeal by bout Gale ?gcncin and dtcUSDA- So than insect pests >uch :u the lion II, ore Clint- :\nimal and Plant Flaalth Inspcetton Serctce (APHIS). inated. fruit from Hawaii:md Puerto Rico and fnnn other If the product i. to be c~ported. tha intportim_ country countries must be lumigated or trr:ucd b, hrrl ,~;ucr dips must approve the quarantine process. Because the ap- beforchcin_intportttlinto the contincnlul llulcdStates. propriutc radiation doses will cause sexual sterility of Iivcn on Ihr mainhmd. many fruits. ~_r;:ins. and vc_cta- insect pests. but not necessarily kill them outri_ht, reg- - hies must be 1'umieatdd bclure being tr:uup,InaL slo«J. ulatory agencies arc cunsiduribg the type ol'rcgulations or procusxd. The primary fumieant used li,r fruit is needed to achieve yuar:mtine security. Currently. the methyl hnantde. which may hu banned in 1Q01. Irradi- only applicable U.S. guar:mtinc rc^_ulatinn is fnr the ir- ation c;m replace fumi~_ation for some otthesc commod- radiation of fresh papaya fruit in Hawaii to prevent fruit itics. Most arthropod pests. c... fruit Ilics. eudlim_ Ily importation to the mainland (Table I). moths. ntnnso and avocado seed „~eet 11s, scab inset.. Several other Inuits dt:u arc :rvailablc in Hawaii. ntcah' hues `and mites can be stcrilircd or killed by vcn but not un dte ntainhut<I. have been imported and itra- low doses of radiation. Irradiation n a nminisnr_ utter- di:ued for customer acceputnce tri;tls. ,vith e.yeellent nauvc hi ntethcl bromide as a quarantnc trraunent I,rr results, The A ~ricululral Research Service (ARSI. the codlin_ nu,lh nn apples. ~\PHIS, and the loud indu>try arc participating in these Just as with other dislnlcstution Icehnalucs, hno- triuls.:md the Icderal ;r~cnrica acti,ch' ;uc considering ever. the lin,d Irrudintiun process nulsl h. ~~numvrd G~r repul:uinm for nnpluntentation of radiation disinfes[a- dic 1nu U. uLu ,.u icly ul fwu .nirl ~r. ~.Lr•~,~ „i iu.ru uu~ lion. This tcchnola~_v. ,chtch for sonu commodities stay Table 1. U.S. approvals (kilograys) for irradiated foods Product Agenc; Date Dose (kGy) Purpose Wheat. wheat (lour FDA 1963 0.2-0.5 Insec(diSmfestahon White potatoes FDA t964 0.05-0.15 SpfbullnhiblhOn Spice and vegci.rblc s,msonutg~, FDA 1983 max. 10 Microbialdecontaminaeon Pork FDA 1946 0.3-1.0 Trichlnn inacUVation Fruits and vegetables FDA 1986 max.1.0 Insect and/or growth and matu ration delay Papayafrud USDA 1987 mm.0.150 Insecltlisinfeslalion Herbs. spice, and dry FDA 1986 max. 30 Insectdisinteslauonandlor vegetable seasonings microbial decontaminallon Dehytlrated enzymes FDA 1986 max. 10 Microbialdecontamination Arnmal and Det food FDA 1986 max. 25 Microbialdecontamination PoWtry FDA 1990 maz. 3.0 Microbialdecontamination USDA 1992 t.5-3.0 hLCrobialdecontaminalion Red meal nonfrozen FDA Pending max. 4.5 Microbialdecontamination Red meal frozen FDA Pending max. 7.0 Microbialdecontamination