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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0140.006 2002-2004 Resolution and Ordinance Whereas the County of Hawaii is in a budgetary crisis and; Whereas The Hawaii County Police department in the overzealous efforts to eradicate Cannabis has incurred lawsuits costing further taxpayer moneys caused numerous complaints and loss of citizens privacy and peace and; Whereas The State of Hawaii has passed legislation allowing the medical use of Cannabis and; Whereas it is extremely difficult for eradication officers to distinguish a medial Cannabis Grow site via aerial observation and; Whereas the Hawaii State Constitution provides for privacy in article one section six and for the pursuit of happiness in article one section two and freedom of religion in article one section four and Cannabis eradications in private residential locations has violated these citizens rights and: Whereas the privacy provision of the Stale Constitution was drafred with specific language with the intent of preventing the arrest of any individual in the privacy of their home from being arrested for the use of Cannabis and: Whereas there is a limited amount of taxpayer dollars to fund the Hawaii Cotmty Police department and: Whereas there is an epidemic of methamphetamine use on Hawaii island needing all police and law enforcement resources which are misspent on manini Cannabis crimes It is hereby resolved that no County police officer or Prosecuting attorney shall arrest or prosecute any Cannabis offense less than ,5 plants on private residential property, nor shall any county officer or agent participate in Cannabis eradication efforts over private and or residential land. nor shall any county resources be utilized b_v am~ state or Federal agency or agents in the persecution of cannabis users or eradication missions Also any corutty officer or agent who violates this ordinance shall be fined between SSpO and S 1000 per attempted Cannabis arrest or destruction of less than'_~ plants or confiscation of less than L LB of dried Caimabis; there being no indernnitication for any county agent or police oflcer with regard to the offenses of this ordinance that any tine incurred shall be the sole and personal responsibility of the participating officer or agent of the cowtty of Hawaii This resolution and ordinance is in no way a legalization of Cannabis The purpose of this ordinance is strictly to place the arrest and or prosecution of manini Cannabis crimes at the lowest order of priority that police and prosecutor taxpayer moneys be redirected toward all the hard drug crimes occurring in Hawaii County, .cEC.uvca Sponsored by Che Reli_iun uf.lcsus Church Dime----^--' By..___._~._~. Rey. Dennis Shields spo6espcrson _ pore----~/-2a~..~____ Comm. No. 7 2-t ?00'_ County CouncU ~ NO Ref. Tt~~e~O' Ref. Date Nubdate: luesdu~. Dcrem ber ~ I. '00~ Juurce: West Ha~~au Ibda~ ~up~nghu _UU' Nest Hu~~uti Cuda~ Contac[_uht daloha.ne[ W~ebsitrh¢p: s«crs.westhatiantuda~.convdaih _U0. Dee-~I-foe-'OlC. opinion .Author: Rev. Dennis Shields ht[p: ~~ti~~.lheReli~ionot7nup~hurch-ur_ fuesda~. Uecamber :L'00~ ~~ie~poun i I_. ~ I 'UU' i Chang dru, polio Iron enforcement to control B~ Key 1)rnni. Jhieldc. I he Kchgn~? of Jesus Church l apuun Cool. mccnt ~ n~~poinC~ ;imphsnc .md tomlinu~ian loel. 'tin up dntg «ar stra[e,n hay but one reph aeig hell both to the thought w expressed and to [he polio that our dru. lair c~ ilh promote Uf f ~ nulliun drug un~est> each year. 'UO,f)00 are titr >o-called cumwbi, cnna•,. percent liar possesswn: arrois in Flu~~aii Coumy huge numbered as high as bbh per scar m reran ~e:u I-hire n a better option I)ru_ mgulauon i, ,i polio ~~hirh ~~uuld gna us much het[er control over dn_ ahu,c than doc~ enher prohibiuun or unrrgulated leguli~uriun Wr,hould do ,n~a~ ~~nh tht schedulr onr classification nor ail drue,. Ulo~~ phi>rcmn> w bolt prrscnbc. reconuuend and e~cn ahou Guth rrsrn anon .un ends prohtbited dru. . Ihi, inu~ be done m ~~a~ chat truc6n dru_ uu mtd rcaa. to trcu[ indn dual dne~ abuse as n occurs. I as all rca eational drur~ a>t .aid include c~u[irr_ dicohoi .md tobacco ruse. anal rtsenr all [he mone_~. ~nnn thr.c t.ue. ~i~r dnt~ ahux ireutnirm program:; .md .uui-dnig abuse edur,monal pru~_run. I hio otter, a past am user the cxpen>i~e druromun ennu nuli~unon .theme propo>ed b~ [hut reeem ~ ie~epoint ui this paper Prr,rnpin t and reeonunendrd ~lru_ u,c >huuld be nnm uorrd ,u part and parcel ~~i the licensed dnd reaula[td ..ales of all dnizs- b a part o(dmtinishm_ true abu,c all uws~ media mh cnnm forum mrrewtouul Drug should be prohibited ~perrh t )ties purci6 ma o~ ph"tcall~ addieu~e drugs, opmtc.. ix. corumr etc. ~~uuW real[ m unmrdmtr eligibili~~ for ~oluntun «i[hdra~~al treatment pa~grun~ :ombmed ~rnh lire chill u~unung -all funded h~ the taxe> ou dnu u,c usel 1. fhe Mace mur6et dealrn and the ~ mlencc they promote ~~ould do up ,n obxenc profits disappeared brcau~e _tddiane dru~1, and iecrruuonal drue, could he dicuph a~ailuhlr [o usrr~ in phamtdcir> UruhW. t„baeco .md cunual~i, ~~oulJ he ;old o~rr ~hr anuucr i? I~xnsed ~stahli.hmams ~~ho ~wuld curl Lbrr~. v~IlledllnH Qlrrem dea idr. da nUl Um er 'urrroe restncnun into am n~ohed rm irunmcnt uio public uxi Ibr [hex dnr_ could be enfixmd nuu-c ctfirtcntl. than it i. no~~ Burglun anJ other prupemrunes ~~ould diminish druuaiicalh us jun6ir, ~~oulu not be compelled Io steal m pug :.uOU per cent profin ro dcokrs iu avoid thr hon~ibh puintid ~~ithdra~~al from upm[e- I-aen Srug ubude and adltctiun would go down us reeulattd drugs would be le5> a~ ailablr: thu cwtentl~ Semunsn'ated b~ the >ud tae[ a i, easier Ibr teens to eet rumubis and eesm+~ thmi beer ur iobaccu_ now [beer twuld ,nll he Siv,_ ubwa. dust Irss of i[_ ~ociet~ would no[ be udling Sru~s iu the mde.~ o~ human nu:er~ ;u these Srup~ .ire already presend~ in use, bu[ regulating [hoot- and ruing the ut.~es Rum [heir pair. nt diminish [hen u,c i~ ,unte[hlne pruhlbidun will never So ` Reeulunun tS~ts probluu, the .:wren[ polio nrglecn. ~~i~rn current Srug polio iC~ uril.nown uhu Sismibutr~ the drugs, nor arc dealers ;objected io licensing ,m1 yualiq amirul. who hugs which Srugs. ant how much. who ?buses them: nu ta~d~~ ure paid on [hem: Snes are Sirrctls inarAr[ed ro 6i1s_ when ~uutcune n Cuund ?basing dotes ta.~pa~ers are Iixcrl to huux• deem w of en: rowdrd "wrrrc6onal ~uetlitic." at torts more cosd~ than a eolle_~e mioun. I a~pu~er> rurrend~ [rind ,i 5;0 billion a ~eur war on >ome Sntgs. the stute>, trlrra 1. and Inca cost combined. the ,tams yuo i, in ha a Iidl rmplu~ment act for the bureaucratic aruiocruc~ Drug wan wry' emamst rea,,on for 6ecping~ prohibi[n>n n nut public xtten, rather m beep then l~b>.:Afler all, where dues the S~II billion in tug ~~o bw [o pu} [bond in pubhe employ ru doe our cuunn and waste public ircanure in u col. be,t ;en c1 h~ [host whu xtaet~ recu~tni~es a.. iraincl .and licensed io Scal wtth Sncs-ph"icmns. . the hurcaurratic urutucrn~ hu. .t ~tstcd interest in peipruwung the ,taau yuo Howtt rr. iharr i, a war out for drug uddia ron> ds rrpunai in this nnnnh~~ Journal otthe -Aniencun 1ledical hxtciaiion's article un iboeaine. ,i drug which n .m addiction inttmtpier Wdia> ei~tn thu drug, aticr ,Iccpm~s u[ the atd u(a ~h-none treatment, wu6c up former addicts whu a~prnenc~~ no wuhdrawal ..mpioni~ nor Jo ihc~ ~rt~t ihrn Srug ofchoier- II wt u.cd ihugmnr treuuurni cumpa where Sru_ dbtutr. atulti enroll m a resiltn C~ prog~rmn tearhmg life ,6ilb_ we could mnl.r rapid ewn in rehabilitating li~e~ now lost in .-Anttnca'~ drug gulug_ Further intbmtadun of the din~ail rue ant xtccta, of wuhlraw al tan hr 0.nm1 with a Intemrt >rurch un iboeaint ur at these web locations: http: www.ibu,~ame_ors ullan.btml htgt: www_ihogaute-ure trrannent.html http: www ibugainr.ur~ ntanuaLhonl Lmunii~ is repeating user ant ut cr an act wi[h tithed rexiln: prohibition ha a -i cur hision o(tailurc- R-e need w heat dots abusers us the suns .utd dauehten ni Amrnca and tree ihcm Rum thnr ilhtrnx. nmrcifull~. humaneh, rather dwn waeine star on ihau ~ itwpuin[ ar[rclrs represem the ~ irw. nt ludo iluai. ni our .unuuurun ant So nub ucrtssunh rellra lilt ,rp~mon ni the new spaptr I,r I-he Lbogaine Dossier NYl' Conference un Lbogaine Nun ~-6. 1999 Howard S. Lo[su( Darien ibw_a Run ,Main Search Science Opinion i Literature Lulls Treatment Bou6shop ~ Feedbac6 IBOGAINEIV CHE IREATMENTOI~ CHEMICAL. DEPENDENCE DISORDERS: CLINICAL PERSPECTIVIS I:\ Preliminan Rzcizw 1 H.S_ LUTSOF I `!9J Dedicated to the ~wr6 J. Bastiuans :utd V.F.P. -adriuuro in mcmon of V. Kribus fhe pnmun purpose uY [h~, paper a lu provide general information to the chniaan who will be usm_~ the Lorsof Proceduresm Ilioutarel_ 19931 developed by VDA International. Inc. in which Ibogaine is admimis[ered to [teat chzm~cal dependence disorders. This is a preliminan repon_ Fhe patient base upon which m. conclusion, have been made totals thin}-flue treatment episodes. 411 clinical ubsenationn comducted after 1963 have been rnadz un patients treated outside of thr I ~nited Stares- Ibogaure i, not a subsutu[e lur narcumcs or ,rimulants, n nut uddictinu and a ~~nrn m a singlz administruuon modalin I S-AM 1. It b u chemical dependzncu uuerrupler. Retrraunent may uccasionalh be needed anal the person being [reated with Ibogaine is able a. zsnneuish ccnum zomditioned responses related to drugs they abusr. Earh data suggests [hat a penod ofappru~imareh nxi ~ can of intermittent treatments may be reyuired to utain the goal of lane-feint abstinence Rom narcotics and srimulanu for main patients. I~hc mujorin oCpatien[s treated with Ibogaine amain Gee Rom zhzmical dependence lur a period of three to ,n months after a single dux. ,lppro.~imareh Izn percent of patients u-eatzd wuh Ibogaine remain Rer o(ehemical dependzncz for two or more ~ ears ttom a single trciunent and an zyual percentage rcmm to drug use within n~o wee6s utter treamlent. ,Multiple administrutioro of Ibogaime over a penod of[ime are genzralh more ztlectisr in a~tendin_ periods o[ abstinence. It is noteworthy [hat twenty-nine of[he thirty-five patient, success[ulh treated with Ibogaine had numerous mtsuccesshd e.eperiences with other treatment uwdali[ies- .-A BRIEF HISTORY Ibogaine a naturally occurring alkaloid found in Cabernanthe iboga and other plain species of Central W-est Africa. Deus firs[ reported to be ettective in interrupting opiate naraxic dependence disorders m C.S. patent -V.-199,096 ILotso[: 1985); cocaine dependence disorders m l ~.5. pa[em X587.243 1 Lotsot: 19861 and poll-drug dependence disorders in U.S. pa[em ~.I i_.y94 fLutsof t99_' fhe initial studies demonstrating Ibogaine's effects on cocaine and heroin dependence were accomplished in a series of focus group o~perimen[s b~ H. 5. Lutsof m 196'_ and 1963. Additional data on the clinical aspecb of Ibogaine in the treamtent of chomicul dependence were reported h~ huplan f 199; Sisko 119931. Sanchez-Ramos X Mash 1 19941. and Sheppard[ 1994 i_ Prior to Ibogaine's e~aluanon for [he interruption of carious chemical dependencies. [he use of Ibogaine was repotted in ps~chotherap~ by Naranjo i 1964. 14731 and tit the First In[emational Ibugaine l onference held in Paris ILeff. 1987 the use of Ibogaine-con[aimng plants has been reported Ibr centuries in W zst At}ica m both religious practice and in traditional medicine ~ Fernandez. 198'_; Gullnhofer K Sillans 1983. 198? 1 :An open iew of the his[ur~ of Ibogaine research artd tuc win published b~ C~outarel et ?I. 1199; Claims tit edicacy in treating dependencies to opiates, nrcarne. and alcohol in human subjects were supported in preclinical studies by researchers in the Cni[ed States, the Netherlands and Canada. Droljic et al_ i 19881 were the ties[ researchers to publish Ihuguine's ability ro u¢enuate narcutic withdrawal. Stanley U. Glick zt ul. 1149'1 at .4lbam Medical College published onginal research and a rr~iew of the field euncenring the uttenua[ion of narcutic withdraw al. ~laisumreu~e zt al. ~ 14411 dztzmuned the phamtucologicul in[errc[ions between Ibogaine and morphine, and Glicl. et ,il_ i 1991 reported IbugaineS ability io reduce or interrupt morphine self-administration in the rat. Woods e[ ?I. f 199[1 I limed that Ibogaine did not act as tin opiate. and ~Aceto z[ al_ 1 1991 r established [hat Ibogaine did not precipitate withdrawal signa or cause dependence. Cappendijk and Dwljic i 14431 published Ibugaine's e[fezl m reducing cocaine sel6admiuistra[ion m the rat. Broderick zt al. i 19421 hest published Ibugaine's ability to re~sse zocaine-induced dopamine increases and later. on Ibogaine,, reducnun o[ cocaine-mduzed motor acti~in and other etlecb 119941. Brodenzk e[ aL~s research suppurred the findings of Sershen et uL 1199'_1, that Ibogaine reduced cocaine-utdueed motor s[imulauon in the arouse. Sershen ~ 19v.11 also denwns[rated that Ibugaine reduced the consurnpuon ui coemnz m mice. Glick 1199'_ 1 and Cappendilk 119931 discovered in the animal model that multiple administrations o[ Ibogaine over time were more ettecuse than a single dose in interrupting or at[enuatina the self=administmtiun of morphine and cucairte_ supporona Lotsofs findings in human ,objects t 198~L Pupik et al. t 19941 deteimuied Ibogaine [u be a competitive inhibitor of X16-801 binding to [hc NMDA receptor zumplev. Vlti-801 hua been shown to attenuate tolerunce to opiates 11ru~illu ~ Al.il 1491 i and alcohol I Mhanna e[ al. 1 44: r. Mli-801 has also shown a blockade of "retene tolerance" of stintulunts ~ I<urler z[ uL 19841. Ibogaine s rflects on dopamine. a substance h~ puthesizrd to bz responsible fur remturcing pleasurable et2~ects u[ drugs of abuse. .utd the dopamutr stem were found b~ ~laisonneu~e et ul. t 1991 1. Broderick et ul. l 19921 and Senhen zt al. 1 199'_ 1. Ibugaine binding to the kappa opiate receptor was reported by Deecher z[ al_ i 199^l. Chas we been ro see a broad spectrum of mechanisms b~ which Ibogaine ina~ moderate rue of substances ~o dig erse us opiate narcotics, .umularns and alarhoL l'LINIC.AI PItACIICI_ Fhe effects of Ibogaine treatment are e iewed in three cuteeones: acute, intermediate and long-term. the acute and intermediate effects have s'ometintes been referred to as the et7erts and aftereffects. I-he two major effects of Ibogaine are A I the ability to interrupt narcotic and stimulant withdrawal and Bf the attenuation or eLimina[ion of the craving to continue to seal. and usr opiates. stimulants ,utd alcohol I Lotsof 198. 1986. 19891. Knowledge concerning the use of Ibogaine in treating alcohol dependence is limited tu: I I a single alcohol-onh~ dependent patient and_ I [he attenuation and, in some cases. cessation of alcohol we in persons treated for poh-drug dependence disorders. Ibogaine'. ability [o treat nicotine dependence Q.otsot: 1991 I has been seen in pok-drug dependent subjecn [reefed primarih for opiate and/or cocaine use . First, [here are some general considerations. The priman obligations of the treatment team are tintr-fold: I l to cam the trust of the patient. to main[ain the cumfon otthr patient-? ~ to assist the patients in interrupting then chemical dependence and ~i to supph [he pse chosocml support networ6 needed be the majority of patients to enable them to develop a sense of personal accomplishment and the abilih to function us produc[ive members of socien. Ihis is a process the Dutch treatment comrtmnin refers [o us normalitation_ In the Lotsof Proceduresm. for which a martual is now beme prepared. [he sense nt conflict ;een in mos[ treatment modalities hetween the doctor and patiem over the itmnedia[e eeasme of drug use does not exist. fhe patients haer been allowed, if narcotic-dependrn[. [o continue [hen use of narcotics until a cenam time prwr to [reatment with Ibogaine- I here is no cunfLci oe er opiate uiC before treaunent us our position ties been that Ibogaine will either wort. to interrupt chemical dependence ur it will not Patients dependent on stimulanti ore not maintained on ;timulants and this has not created a problem for [he patients or the medical staff. Prior [u our conducting Ibogaine treatments m hospitals, addicted patients were allowed to usr their personal supply oC narcotics until [he ce ening before treatment. However, during hospital-udtninistered Ibogaine sessions. the narcotic-dependent patient is maintained tin medications prescribed he the principal tin estigator during the three [o the day inta6r process preceding their ueamtrnt with Ibogaine. Le en under these circuntstancen. patient disnatst o[ the medical establishmen[ and their e~[reme tear of going into withdrawal has resulted in the smuggling of narcotics into hospiml environments. In order to protect the patien[ fium possible overdose due to narcotics. stimulants ur other <Lvgs. a thorough phe sisal c~ammation a perfornted tin all patients upon their utLnission to hosptml environments- Che c~anunu[ion wtd a scorch ul the patienf~ possessnaa prior to treatment with Ibogaine xne two iropurtunt functions. fhe ties[. is to limn the possibilin of accidental oeerdose from ,ecrtted drugs- I he ,ccond. is [e. prue Cdr a complete underswndmg of the puoent ~ physical health, since main of the people seeAmg treannen[ for chemical dependence haee ntasl.ed carious ;md often numerous medical problems for eeurn or teen decades he :elf-medieatim~ with illici[ drugs ~aCL fF EFFE;C~fti RECiIMkih 1-he acute ettec[s of lbogainr ;ire dramatic. fhe initial reaction a usualh no[ed wuhin tom-tiee minu[es after the oral dose rind lull effrcts are _eneratle ce idem within [wu to mu and a half hours. fhe eudiest subjec[iee indicunon be patients of lbogaines effects is the report of a pore asne oscillaring sound. Che pa[ien[ [ends io lie down and, ifasAed to stand or wal6- shows stns of uta~ia_ Che protocol for the Lotsof Proceduresm stipulates [hat the patiem remain in bed wuh as little movement us possible Itom [he time of Ibogaine administration, as nausea associated with Ibogaine use has pnn en [o he motion-related or. in later stages I those longer than four hour, after admimstmtiunl. possibly to be a psychosomatic reaction [u preciously repressed truwnahc z~periences. In addition to keeping the patient as- still as possible, we use a non}~henuthiaunz anti-nauseant, as phenothiazines may interfere w-ith the psy choactie~e propenics of lbogaine. If the patient vomits in less than two and a halt hours after the administration of lbogaine, an esaminatiun of the regurgiwted material should be made to determine how much lbogaine may have already been absorbed b~ the patient- .A rectal infusion of lbogaine to supplement the lost portion of the dose mas be provided if it is not possible [ur this dose to be administered oralls. Che rectal administration should occur onls if the patient has pees iuush consented to this mode of dosing- B. l~ L5 t' AL ILA C LO N Use of Ibogaint s principal ettects during its first phase of action is to produce .i ,rate which emulates dreaming. aside horn the fact that the subject is tulh awake and has the abilits to respond ro [he treatment xaN's yuestiuns. Inmost cases. people under [he m[luence of a therapeunc dose of lbugame do nut wish ro speak. Chet' pretcr instead [u pay close aaen[ion to the eisual presen[auun ut memories ur phenomena the. are experiencing, that have been noted to have bush Freudian and Jungian connotations Che experiencing of sisual matenal is rapid. Some patients hase described it as a mode run at high speed: others us a slide show, each slide containing a motion picture of a specific es ent ur circwnstance in the viewer'; lili. In either case. [he presentation of sisual matenal is so compressed and thst mining that distracting the patient fur even a moment may interfere ~roiih [he process of abreaction- Cherefore_ in trcamtent_ the intrusion of the ntedicul staff should be Lept to a minimum during Ibugaine's primary phax- Al' CONOMIC RESPONSE-S Uuring the ties[ through the htth hutU there is a moderate rise in blood pressure ul ten to [itieen percent .utd. in some cases. an associated decline in the pulse rate I'he must ntgnihcant autonomic changes occur between one and a half and two and a halt hours atter adntinistratiun of therxpeu[ic doses of Ibogame. In mtam cases the patients pulse rates ore clesated due to ansiets prior to the administration of lbogaine. Un two occuaions, persons with uunsiant hypertension scare [reared. In one uRhme instances the patient's blood pressure dropped to normal Ie~els during [he printan and second'an swgzs of treatment. I-hz second by per[ensne zchibited little change at u_3mg,'kg therapeunc dose, ben showed sienihcant changes on two uccasiuna when prodded with onh a I.bmg'kg tzst dose. fhe n~u Lbmg,kg doses were supplied due to utv concern over the patient's hypertension. He had been pros iuush u-eared with an I Smg, kg~ dose by Uu[ch Addict Sel[-Help I DASH I wrth nu appwem negutisc results. Chu alley iuted sumzw ha[ our concern Ibr the patient's safes l-anatiun in indis iduul patient reucnons ,huuld he anticipated. FEMAL E P.~ CIEN 1' SAFE I t' One ~1-~eur-old Cemale patient treated wnh lbogaine [br chemical dependence dted IFum undiagnosed causes in the Netherlands. Although her autops did nut determine the cause of death- it reposed lbogaine les els of U.75mv~li[er in blood. This level has out been seen to be tu.ate m animal research or in our pnur hwnan studies. ~ubseyuent to thin death and to a pros ioush rrporel death of a Swiss woman who receised Ibogame during a psychotherapy session in k;urope. [uarlh unrelazed nsNDA'~ research program, the FDA zscluded women tiom the present clinical trials taking place at the Universm of Miami. Howes er. the FDA decision is cwnrary to the gender gwdelines u[ the National Institutes u[ Health. I~he guidelines with regard to women call for [he inclusron of women a the earliest stages of clinical trials, as [his would provide the greatest determination of safes for women. fhim percent of NDA International's patients have been women who have Shawn no negative et3ects from Ming Lbogaine either during or after treatment. How es zr, considering all of the circumstartces. the Procedure should be administered onh in a hospital or clinic with the patient under cuntinuuus staff observation and electronic monirorine. :\n ongoing international research program is developing evidence ro de[etntinz a hypothesis for the cause of death of the woman in the Netherlands. We are additionalh seeking Swiss government cooperation concerning the death u[ the Swiss woman. I-he results ofthis research rnav tau litate zither an exclusion criteria or an antidote allowing Ibogainz safely to treat chemical dependence in women. COGNITI~ E: E\ ALGA IIUh Che second phase of Ibugame's action dtu-ing [he Lotsof Proceduresm is one ofThe patienn intellectual evaluation of their previous experiences' and decisions. 'Ibis occurs after the ~ isualizatiun phase. whtch generalh ends abrupth in three to tier hours. However. mdividuul reae[iuns and ~ ariatiuns are the numt and nut the exception within the paratne[ers of the Procedure. Regarding this process of ccaluatiun by the patient, in mum eases. when ~unuus decisions were made by [hr patient in the past. [hose decisions appeared at be the onh options aeutlable at the [imz. However, due [o Ibogame's abilin to allow the reevaluanun of one's li[e, actions and behas for , it i. pos's'ible for the patient to understand [hat alternatives m Ihzu original decisions were available. and this know ledge appears to allow the patient [u mudih their atRent behavior .tnd ~zase their dru_ depatdencz. HEFL4AlU1ZAL IMMUBII Il-\ Uuring the periods u[ ~ isualization, and extending into the stage u[ cognt[ive evaluation, patients will demonstrate a state of behav rural itnmobility IDepoortere. 19871 during which brain wave patterns associated with dreaming ;utd sleep, but distinct lium those sta[ea. are represented by rhythmic auw uctivin of 1-6 Hz. these EF.G patterns arc associated with a Stutz characterised by a luz6 of movement. Some zarh observers oRhe Lutsuf Pruzeduresm lKaplan. 1991h mitialh believed that the condition represented parch Sts, but when patients wise asked m stand and move uruund_ the patients vverz able ut do du, albeit wtth dithculq AI-~fENI VIIl)N OF M1ARCUIIC WffIIDRAWAL Unz o[ the nta~or acute efleas experienced vvtth Ibogamr Ireanuent is the uttznuauun ur elimutanun of narcotic withdrawal inopiate-dependent patients. Phis n cxtremeh important ro ihz nurcutio-dependent patients who live in fear of ,uing mtu withdrawal. the treatment team's experience m the held is u[ the umwst impurtattce m dealing with this aspect of the Procedure us withdrawal sy mpmms are a combination of physical and. i? mam cases. paychosumutic manifestations that are anxiety-driven. I~heref~re. it is imperative for [he medical :md paramedictd staff to have experience in identihing and distinguishing between Ihesz varieties of svmptunu. Pnn~ided below are examples of psychusomuuc withdrawal manifzstanuns demonstrated by rno of the patients treated ou[stde [he United States. k~.~ample Une Un one uccaston I was called into the room by a colleague about twenty hours Wrier Ibogaine had been administered to a twenty-live year old male heroin-dependent patient. the patient had been using upproxima[eh I J gram of heroin a day, but soon increased his daih intake ro [wu grans while in the Netherland,. I was infunned [hat the patient was complaining of muscle spasms: I asked [he patient i[ thrs was true, and he concurred. I asked if I might see these spasms and the patient agreed. showing me the calf of his leg- the patient was echibiting what appeared to be involuntan movements. I checked hi. pupils and observed that they were nut dilated, nor waa hr eshibitine anv other hirnt or mani festatiun of withdrawal. When I tamed to nn colleague kor discussion I noticed the patient's spawns had ceased. When I fumed [o the patient and once again e.~arnined his calf: the spasms returned. I fumed away once again, but continued to watch him and the spasms ceased again. I informed the patient that I believed the spasms to be psychusumatic in origin. I placed a pillow [miler [he patient's calf to give it ;uppon and covered the patient with a blanlvet. hhe spasms did nut occur again. I[~antple Iwo l)n another occasion I received a call from a person imulved with Dutch AddictJalf-Help i DASH I groups who had been observing a number of treattttents. She informed me that a Yugoslav ion woman in her mid [u late twenties had been complaining of narcotic withdrawal during Ibugaine treatment. but [he DASH obsen er did nut believe this to be the case as there were nu observable Siena ul withdraw a I.. When I ,u-rrv ed. the pauem waa sitting on a couch. I checked her pupils and obsen ed they were not dilated and asked her if she were m vv ithdrawal. fhe patiau acid, she vv as. "How arc vuu in withdrawal' W'hu[ are its manifes[anum I asked. "I'm ,rck." she said. I asked her if her rv es were Leanne. "Yes." she said. but her eves were not Leanne. "Is vuur nose runnine^" "Yas." .he said, but her nose win dn- "Du v uu hove goose bumpy"" I asked. "Yes." she said. but I pointed ow w her [ha[ she did nut hav e goose bumps. and finally I said. "Do you have diarrhea"~. "Yea." ,hc ,aid but I had nu wav at derennine [he vuhdm of her statement fhe patient reyuesred that I provide her with tunds [u retain home. and I told her I did nut think n wise for her [o leave at this time. but would give her carfare in the morning. the billowing day the DASH obsen er informed me the patient left about four hours atter I did. infomting the obsen er as she left that she had not been sick. but had onh said she waa. Phis example should htrther demonsn~ate the importance of hospital administered treatments with a toll medical staff of psychiatrists. neurologists. internists. therapists. nurses, peer counselors and patient advocu[is oapable of evaluating and responding ro an} aspects u[ the patient's condition ut all timea. DELAYED WI I~HDRAW.AI Lhe complain[ of experiencing narcotic withdrawal ahar leaping the treatment eneironntent has been reported in three cases. Wa have prodded additional treatments six months to a sent after the initial treatmem to patients who were re-addicted and stated they had experienced some Ibrm o[ withdrawal within a wee6 of [heir first lbogaine treatment. Our wor6in_ group decided to 4.eap patients maAing such complaints under observation for periods equal to the number u[' post trea[mem Say s during w htch the patients stated they preciously experienced withdrawal symptoms. Uur findings ha~a been [hat. under [ha uboca conditions tit monitoring, the rcpuned withdrawal sr_m ore usuullc 5v mptoms o[ anxiety ur an~ien related conditions that the patients characterized as withdrawal, i_r.. nausea. diarrhea ur increases in blood pressure m onehypenensi~c patient there hoer hero two incidents which did nut appear anxie[c related. m which diarrhea ucerured tine to aeten days after treatment in patients using one gram of hiroin a day. fhe~ae epiardza were easih controlled with ? single administration of an appropriate medication and did not occur ueain_ ~r~rEkH f rt.c f I~~ fERRI'PCION Ut CR,4b1NG I~he acute inmtruption of crag ing to sze6 and use drugs of abuse is unique to the Lutsof Proceduresm us a trenunen[ modality for chenucul dependence disorders. this effect is generalh no[ noticed b} the patient until the principal actions of Ibogaine lvisualization. eo~itice evaluation, behavioral immobility and significant residual stimulation) are no loner evident and the patient has had the opportunity w sleep. The initial recognition of lac6 of crac ire is usualy notice) tom-eight to ~z~en[y -[wu hours after [bugaine administration. to a minority u[ treatments, recucen and the absence of craving may be evident to the person being treated in as little as twantc-four hours. Lhe medical staff: tin the other hand_ usually notes the absence of crae ing in the patirnt m turn-tire minutia to one and a half hours after Ibugaine administration. Our expznence gained in recent t tars through the treatment of twenty parsons outside the l need Jtutes has shown [hut the mujunty of patients may need ~ series of treatmrnU before [he conditioned responses ~ crag ing) to a long histun of chemical depertdrnce can be extinguished. How ever_ fur three of theca patients a sirtgla trea[nrent interrupted chemical dependznce fur a ntinimwn of two ~ ear. Lhe udt antafle u[ lbogainz is that i[ begins to allow patients time periods lice of seeing during which the psy chiatrist_ _.ucial wurl.er. therapist. paraclimsan and the patient often bond into u eoheai~e ~wr6ina croup to accomplish a state of lung-tens nun-dependence M_ ihi patient nr [ha drugtst of abuse lur which the pariznt is under treamtzni_ PSYI'H05UCIAI_ Sl PPUR I All aspects of treatment for chemical dependence disorder eonunun ar other treamrent modalities ore comnron ro [he use of lbugaine. r he putienPS characteristics m terms of psy chupathology. behav iur. socieml accomplishments. as well us the shills of the treatment team are significant to treatment ~utcomes~ to rare cases. when the patient already has the occupational. educational and skills needed to succeed In socien_ the task ma. be somewhat easier. In cases where the patient does no[ have [hose societal skills. or lacks medical care for disorders other than chemical dependence, care and trainine must be prodded through psy chusocial supper structures. trauma suffered b} the patient doting childhood appears ro ploy an importmtt part in [he drive fix line and the tear of abandorunent that is convnon ro mam of [he patients we have treated (Bastiaans. 1991r .all psy chusocial support paradigms should be available Ibr the patien[ after the completion o[ an Ibogaine treatment. their use should be contingent upon the evaluation of the patient's needy and progres. One of the primary differences thy[ social workers. xuunxlon or therapts[s o[frringpsy chosucial suppon notice in post-Ibogaine [reared patients, us compared [u untreated subjecta. is the raptdi[y with which [he support can and must be provided to aid the patien[ in accomplishing goals and making decisions. Ibogaine presents a symptom-tree window of opportunity which the pa[itn[ and [herapist must take advantage oC One patien[ put it this way: "Ibogaine and I_-Step tgroupsl both help v uu w get in touch with y our soul. Ibogaine is like rocket fuel for that process." ~ Village Beat, 19901 It is imperative that ground romrol remain in cuntua with the patient. and this mean muvin_ yuickh and dramatixalh [o assist [he patient to establish goals while the patiem hes the ability and desire to du so. Ibogaine eenaalh rspxdi[es the placement of the patient in receptive pavchologtcal state. I his products ~ relationship between the patient and [he theraptst which is mutually rew urding and beneficial. but reyuires the person providing psychosocial suppon to work both harder and faster than is [he norm for other vea[ment modali[its. Prior [o the use of Ibogaine in dte treatment of chemical dependence. it tnav have taken the [herapist three to twenty-four months ~ Judd. 1993 i tiring traditional ntrthods nr asstst the patiem in reaching e ;fate of well-beine tier of drug cruv inu I ICaplmt et al.. 1993 L I~his advanage that Ibogaine treatment pray ides enables the pay chosucial suppon statt~tu assist the patient in making decisions to allow their nornalizanun ,end integration mro sucieiy ea self-titlhlled and productive human brings- Main of [hc excepted parantxtss of dts[ance benv rtn the ti~erupist ;utd [he paurm are out ettecuvr in Ibu_~aute neatment. Patients will require closer and afore intensive euidanre. and aeneralh be more open [o n. I~hey well rcgmre taster mtervemiun [o learn wcte[al skills and to ovenume and uhlectiy eh understand various ti'aumas eyperienced during their lives. therefore. Ibogaine n nut u treatment modality for elmirtans vvhost preference is to xmph administer a pill or ruble[ and then distance themxhes [nnn their patients. REDIYTIUN Oh I HE NEED 1~OR SLEEP In all case,. lbugatne teinporully reduces the patients nerd tot sleep to as few as thine ur tour hours u nigh[. this effect may last a month ur more. gradualh retaining to normal. fwu [heuriea have been put forh xoncxming this et3ect. One theon suggests the lung-lasting bioayailabdity of Ibogaine or one of m metabolites. this a in keeping with the phamtarukine[ic studies conducted a[ the Cniv ersn of Miami (Mash. 199 r. I~he second theon_ suages'ts the cause is the decrease in the ps}chulugicul requirements for sleep associated with the necrssin to dream. tvtdence supporting this theory is [hut Ibogaine promurea an intense emulation utdreaming that lasts fix mam hours during its acute stuee of uctiv is I-he reduction in the need for sleep is dewed b} the ma~orin of patients as a discomfort. since they have used drugs and sleep as an escape mechanism. 1'hesr patients ma} require sums mild tome u( sedation during the first duvs after treatment with Ibogaine. Normal precautions should be taken in providin: sedatives to persons with a history of chemical dependence. In a ntinoria of cases, patients have used this newly available time to advantage in their bust work schedules. LONG-fF.RN1PFFECI~S Long-feint arc those which ma} he noticed liom one [u menu-tour months aver treatment. and in some cases even longer. I have provided three examples t.x:unple One .Aheroin-dependent couple was treated. Che woman of'b was a relativeh new addict of three months whil< her _~-dear-utd husband had a histon of over ten soars of heroin use. At the time of their treatmem d protocol of treating one patient at a time was followed. These were each treatments and the medical and medical support staff were familiarizing themselves with what might be expected during such episodes. Portions of [he treatment episodes were observed b) Dr. ~ urlo Cumoreggi, Depot} ~1edical Director of the Addiction Research l enter of the National Insfitute un Drug Abuse in Baltimore and Dr Lister Gnnspuon of the Harvard School of Medicine. I he husband was mrated tSrst, and his wife was complereh atopera[ive and helpful during his treatment. fhe following duv, when [he wife': was administered her dose of Ibogaine, her husband demanded that he be allowed to Iruve his rtum and remain in bed with her. He intomted the medical and paramedical staff present that unless he gut his way he would create a disturbance m interfere with hi, wife's treanncnt. Rather than deal with a belligerent and nngrv patient. we decided i[ would be less hanntul to le[ him hove his wuv. He con[inuoush disturbed his wife donne her treatment. Ihis resulted in a polio of treating couples simultaneously in separate ruum>~. t le recovered before his vvite. us ,he had been admimstsed Ibogaine twenty-lour hotUS utter his treatment- He compluinad that he was netting bedsore and was nu longer able ?i stay in bed and us4,ed lur permission to go 0.x a bicv cle ride Cpun his leae mg, his wife broke down and cried in the amts ofa female puradiniaan, statine she did nut Lnuve it she could remain with her husband, but she was atFaid he wuuW die if she left him. hhis was a amcept he contimmush stresstd to her during their [reamtent_ .after treatment. he followed a pa[tem of controlling his wife's contacts with other persons including [he treanurnt tearu-which was dented access to enher of them. We later teamed that thev both retained to heroin use However, three months inter the wife determined that her husband was incapable of loving himself ur her and this was nut the life she wished She stopped using heroin. enrolled in nursing scttooh tiled div urce proceedings against her husbartd. and i, now specializin~~ m po~chiavic nursing. While minulh she did nut recognize that her decision m stop heroin use wns due w her Ibogaine treamtent..u [hr months went by ,he realized [hat her determination to chance her life veal wtalyred M her e~periencc with Ibogaine. faumplr Iwo cocaine cocaine-bast dependent patient was treated with the Lotsof Procedure and experienced an acute interruption of his drug use. During his Ibogaine treatment he had a strong impression that if hr continued drug us'e God would punish him. Hr remained drug-tree for about [him days. after which he mrrrased his drug use over the next months and was retreated. The dose hr received proved m be inadequate due to his vomiting of the oral dose and ro u bowel movement immediateh after the rectal administration u[ Ibogaine, which he requested [o remedy the loss of his oral dose. His drue use cominued, but tar below his original pretreatment lrvels- about six months ater his retreatmen[. the first Ibogaine therapy group sponsored by [hc Inrema[iunal Coalition [or Addict Self-Help, directed M psochotherapist Barbara Judd. CSW, w;LV established in New 1'orl.. the patient attended these sessions until fifteen month, slier his orieinal treatment, whin he recognized [ha[ he had m move awu~ from his drug-infested neighborhood. thereupon he mooed w Florida. In Florida, he has remained drug-tree, even though hz had access m cocaine. He is employed in the construction industry b_o a business with strict ?un-drue use ~uidelinzs thnt is owned and run b~ former drug users. I:.~antple three t)ne of the most important concepts seamed b} persons treated with Ibogaine is [hut addiction ran be reo erszd. Persons dependent un drugs such us opiates ur cocaine are not ably a, recognize that chemical dependence is a reversible phenomenon. I his [herd ex:nnple is u[ the only chemically-dependent person [i-om the 196'-I 96> study w receioz u series of treatments ut [herapeu[ic Izcets with Ibogaine. I he individual remained tree of addiction for upproxtmu[ely three and a halt Dears as a result ofhis series ut treatments. Durin_ that period hr moved [u California, married. and worAed m pharmacruural sales. Hr later lust his job and. when offered a ride bacl, to New furl., accepted it and returned to a life of minor drug dealing and toe that resulted in his arrest and imprisonment .after hu release. he wurAed for ? while us a machinist then slowh [ell bacL. mw heroin use utd addiction in 1969. Luc6il~, this was a period when ntethudone programs were ecpunding, and he was able to enter one of [he better programs run bs Beth larael Hospital. A[ that umr. the programs were well-staffed with doctors, muses and adequate counselors, and the patient reached a point in hu site when hr recognised that the lift of a herum addict was not what he waned. li was notjust the herum, hw the xrne itself. wherein a htunan lift was wt[hom value, where 5uutruntes a human being would be murdered fur two cents ownh of un mnoatom powder m u glusninz cm elope. the patient was wady to quit heroine, but was a slag w the crud in~~ to use opiates fix the an~iulotic relief the. prooided. lh er a penud o[ more than iwu curs. [he patient stabilised himself on mz[hudone- f le tried heroin once n~o week alter starting orethadune_ was satisfied w ith the level of blurt.age that methadone utTered. and never used heroin aeain- During the ne.vt lcw v curs the methadone programs chaneed. Nlam of the competent counselors were unable to continue in their positions due to [he stress' and eznsz of frustration m their teor6. a wnditiun cuirunon in the treatment cotmnunia. The Federal government placed more and more resutctioro on methadone patients' IFeedom ut mooement and, though methadone a anticipated to maintain [hr methadone client tilt a period of twenty-tour hours. in main rases it Burs not hot this patient withdrawal sign were sztune in ut eighteen hours and out twenty-four the patient begun a slow detositicanon process from I UOmg of methadone per day that tuu6 apprusimately eighteen months. Che final stage of detoxification was ti[Ilowed by the patient, enm into Umversih-le. el [rainine utter he obtained a scholarship [u a prominent university..-fit the time of the detoxification. the philosophy among methadone putien[s was that you could nu[ get off methadone. but having previously had the Ibogaine experience. [he patient staled tha[ he I:tlew addiction was reversible, and that Lnowledgc allowed him to successfully leave addiction behind. ~ UR736-N F hREA""I'MEN~I S:.-1 SELF REPORI- l personal communication. 199J I fhe follo~+tne report is from [he type of patient we had been seeking tun curs: a medical doctor who needed to be treated with Ibogaine. Che subject was chemically dependent on 60Umg of Demerol a duv and had a[[empted to stop his drue use a number of times without any lasing success. l)ur particular in[erest in this subjec[ was the hope that. as a medical doc[or. he might provide us with some professional insight into [hc results of his treatment. He kept notes and provided a report on the tour ditteren[ doses he received. which is presen[ed in its entirety. this subjec[ proved m be inure sensitive to Ibogaine than any other individual in our studies conducted outside the United States, and had a full-blown acperience ttom a I Om~kg dose. Ilte patien[ had participated in a research prorocol which called fix an intermediate dose of I Omg/kg of Ibogaine_ which was administered as part of a phamtacukinetic s[udy .urd waa not expected [o hove a therapeutic effect, btu n did. ~As part of [he protocol. patients would then be administered a known therapeutic dose of '_Um~kg. I a du. - 100mg 1 teat dose r U I've tukert my Ibogaine dose and went to bed_ and stayed laying down. !felt uuthine. until the medical staff arrived [u do the I hour [ests. I was surprised because in my mental measurements. I [houghr I hod taken Lbogaine abuu[ 'U minu[es earlier. When I stood up. I felt a little drowsiness, and it was difficult to walk in a stratgttt line. I was feelingphutophobia and oven little noise xemed to be much louder than in realm. fhe sounds were very disturbing to me. Durin_~ the nvu hour testing. sy mptoma were worse. h wa, yen difficult [u walk in a straieh[ hoe. and the room seemed to ben[. tike a heart. I felt ven [fired. and [he unh_ thing I waned was lu rest in bed. Each head movement seemed to make [hings worse When I stood up for the ± horn te,t I Idt that the syntptunn wire disappeann_. I wu> eery bongo and ale- alter eatins. I was a little nauseated For the follow m, hours I felt nuthin~. cvicep[ fur sensauun that my mind imuees were ocher in details than before. like a ?-0 muvir. I ate with no nausra. slop[ tery well, and aw:ilyened m ten Loud condition. _nd da. - '~m~ I test dose r:_ 1 atter thu dose of Ibugmne 1 telt nothing different from my norntul state- Ord Day - IUm~kg lexperunentul dosci For the first two hours I felt ? little different. like f had smoked marijuana. I was ven calm and relaxed and all the tension of the beginning of the procedure was gone. fhe room ,eemed to be a tittle different and the colors around me sharper than normal. I-he lights and sounds were disturbing to me. like [hr [first time. Suddenh. with my eyes closed I began to see images that appeared in screens. rzacth like IV~ or cinema screens. Ihesz screens were appearing in small size. and then thee would get bigger us I focused my attention on them. Suntetimes they appeared small and would then begin to grow, like I was walking in their direction, and sometimes they were going from left to right, in a continuous wac. Lhe images un the screens were movm~ in slow motion and were veq sharp and well defined. I saw [tees muting with the wind, a man with bells in his hands, carious landscapes with mountains and the sunset .At this time I was a little nauseated, and when the doctors asked me to stand up for some tests. L ~ omited. From all of the hundreds of images I saw this day. I recognized onlc two: the firs[, an image of m. selfus a child. static like a photo. This image began to approach me and get bigger. but ~ome[hing in the room happened and I opened my ryes. losing the image. Ilrr second image I recognized was' one of some horses dancing in a circus. It was a CC show that I had seen two loss before. Che rime seemed [o ,o cm yuickh, bemuse after about tour hours I m me mind I. thee [old me I had neken Ibugaine nine hours earlier! It was cerr difficult fur me to speak m kinglish or in Spanish. I was onh able to speak in my native language. At [his time the images stared to appear at a slower rare and for another nvu hours I saw onh screens with no images un [hem. Above I n- I I hours after [he beginning of the e.eperiment then disappeared. l ate verc well and stayed uwal.e all night long, falling asleep onh about' ..-A,bl, ulrnost ,y hours after the medication had been atLninistered. During the night I had some insights about me life and about [he things I realized I was doim, wrong. I stayed all the Following day ten tired_ sleep}, but ern happy and relayed. in a wac 1 neczr was before. nth Suc - 'Omeikg I therapemic dose l I~he first ~ hours were ,imilur to the lust time: phu[ophobia and a bad sensation with little nuises- .atter chat the images began [o appear, m a slower rate than the other nme. fherz were less Images. but I was recognizing all of them us part u[ my childhood I saw myself playing m me father's t~rnt. riding a motorcycle, playing with a cousin, feeding a fish and other things. I saw some recent irnagcs_ like one of me father, laughing m the living room of nn house. This happened about a ~ car ago. I understood that I had a happy childhood and there was nu one to blame fur nrv addiction. onh myself I felt [heir lour eommg frorn my parents and relatives. I was feeling the sunre time distortion that I feh the other due. ,utd after mam hours I suddenh had en insight. It was thus my mind and the universe were the same thing, and that all the people m the universe and all [hires in the uric erne arc onh one. I ,uw mum mistakes I was doing in my life. so mum attitudes I zuuld nut fiat r. .utd dos helped me a, decide cep strongly [hat I will nzc er use Urmenil cream. Vow I can see ten clrarh that I dolt need Demerol to lice my life_.and I feel better ifl don't use rt_ Dunng the first 3 hours ?[ter taking [he Ibugaine I vomited ~1 or ~ times, ulwtns when I tried to neat e. Iwas able to sleep about 1 AM. and to cat onh about 9 A1v1 the following due. I aw akcned Icrling weak, tired and drowse _ as the hours were ,_uing. I ,kpt a lot ;utd began ur feel better and m [he muming of the folluwin_ due I was nonnul Ditterences in day-bv-day life after the e~periencr I returttrd to iuv normal life with absoluteh no cravings, with better appetite than he[orz. and highh self-confident. Now I can see differences m some aspects of my personalia. things are changed Fur e~anrple, I used to avoid driving at night, because it reminded me oC a cnr uccidzm I had ~ ears ago. tiow I can drive am-time, dac or nigh[, without ansien. I'm sure that this is caused by Lbogame. because now fm not the same ven an~iuus person I was. Pm not us shy us I used to be. tau. It's easier now to contradict people when 1 think [hey are wrong. and to make [hem know what I want and what I think. I used [u accept all that other people said onh to .ivoid a discussion, even when I was sure that tin point of view ++as the cutrect one. Ihese are the main happenings m nn Ibugaine e~perienze and [he main dittcrences I can perceive in these few day s. Some Months Later Che must unpor[ant thing I teamed with all [hat happened is that I can never underestimate the power of the addictive personality I have inside. 1 can never say Cm cured because if I do this. I will target ro protect m}self from dru; using thoughts I must Lnuw I have a chronic disease that will be quiet in its place until I decide to Hive it a chance to grow. This decision, and [hats the point, is a conscious decision If I ;i+e in,[he disease will be out of contra[ in a few da+s. But, i f I could be stronc to take real and honest control of nn Demerol using thoughts, I will be tiee lure+er_ A few day s ago. because ul protesswnal needs, I had [u keep [wu Demerol doses wtth me. in nn house. all night lung. Lu protect myselt: I gave them to my wite. But, it was atnatin>; to ,re how I was nut anxious to use them but. to give them to the patients that needed them. I clean} felt [hat Demznil was a snwtge thing in m} rmiromnent. I wasn't curious abum the place m} wife had put them. I wasn't feeling aut+ craving. I was onl+ looking forward to the moment I could gnr them to [hr patiem and sa+: I'+e done it. --lnd I did it_ because ofall of you ttum NDA. I don't wtmt to be bonng, but I have no words to sa} how gratztid we. my fatnih end I. are. I will remember +uu fur ? lifetime. ---end pzr.onal cummunicenon--- tieedless to sa+. this patiem pru+tded particular advantages in terms of hts treannent outcome. f le hod a career. was highh mo[i+ated. and did not require the stgniticant psy chusociul support needed by su main other who do not have his background. Sl MMARY fhe follow-up for observanuns in patienn we hove been able w track, a stgni[icunt minunn, possibly [went.-ti+c percent is Shutt. In marry wsrs +ve have maintained direct concoct mtth dtz patients for ante mu months alter treatment. In a single case. for five +eaa. the dit3icult. coneeming patiem contact has been one of geographic distarues, both national and intemutional m our patients ha+z come ttvm diverse cities :utd countries. this factor, as well as the normal problems in tracking a chemicall+ dependent population must be ttil.en into catsideration in e+aluating the findings of this paper. General conclusions based on smdv observations are [hut a single administration of Ibogaine is an interrupter [or chemical dependence disorders. A series of treatments given over a period oC time will produce nwre signitican[ results and may allow some of ihr persons treated to tree rhemseh es cumpktel. from dependence ut, or [he use uL opiates and stimulants including cocaine :utd nicotine tar +curv. Data on alcohol dependence treamlent in human subjects is minimal. Ibugamz has the ability to ,ignihzanth attenuate opiate wuhdrawal iu all panznu and, m nuret+ pzrcew u(cuses treated. [u interrupt an mdi+idual's cru+ing to continue drug toe [br periods of lime ranging from as shoe us two days to us long as two and a half years rtom a single treatment- Concurrznth. lbogaine has demons[ra[ed [hc quality u[ precipitating the rekasz of repressed memories and of fostering a process of abreaction that I bzlie+e to he an important aspect of Ibogainr's ability to interrupt chemical depettdencr. In order to obtain the greatest bench[ for [hose [reared with Ibogaine, a psvChosocial support structure should be in place. Providers of the Procedure should be Lnowledeeable in [he field of chemical dependence treatment, and patients should shown 6indness and respect_ In man} eases, such aft approach will be the first attentions of this Aired the patient mac have e.cperienced in decades. Pa[iems are deserving of Lindness and respect. :and such care is an important part of the healin_ process. Cltimateh. physicians and support staff should be speciticafh [rained m theLotsof Proceduresm [o fully understand the physical and psi chological transformation of the patient. [he advantages of the Procedure, and the providers responsibilities in administering Ibogaine treat chemical dependence disorder. Eventually. the understanding oflbogaine's actions ma} y irld importum data on memon. learning, dreams and sleep. as well as Chemical dependence, tolerance and abuse. ACKNOW~LEDGEMENT~ Che author aclnowledges the editorial assistance of Nomta E. Alexander: RicA Roblin: William J. Gladstone: David Goldstein; Barbara E. Judd. CSW: Daniel Luciano. MD: Piotr Popil.. MD. Bruce H- Sa6uw: Bub Sisku: S~kia lhassen: Boxz Wachtel and Roimnell Washington. Che author thank N. Adriaans_ Alexander: /..Amit. Ph. D: I. Bastiuanis. MD: P..A. Brodericl.. PhR: C. Conture,gi. MD: ELK. Dzoljic MD: E. Rolla Sera, MD; G. Frenlcen: W'.J-Gladstone: S.R. GIic6. N1 D: U. Gollnho[er. PhD: R. Guutarel. MD ideceasedc 1. GrudzinsAas. PhD: B.f- Judd. CSW: J.S 6ahan, Esy: l.D. I:up~an, PhD: D. Luciano, .MD; U.C. Mash. PhD. GJ. Prudhomme_ Esq: L .Rolla. PhD: B.H. Sal.ow: J. Sanchez-Rnnos. MD: B. Sisko: H. ~ershen. PhD: Pram. A~oeei. PhD. B. Wachtel: R. W'ashitgmm Curets Wright. MD for their science and couperation, and all of ihr wluttteer patients liir their cuura,~e. BIBLII~GR.-yPH}~ I_ Aceto MD. Biological [v uluatiun of Compounds [ur their Physical Dependence Potential and Abuse Liability, V IRA Research Monograph 119:506. 520. I99I.retum Bastiaans 1. the Psychiatric and Psy chusomatic dimenswns of Trauma, personal cummunicu[ion. 1991. retain i Brodenc6 PS. Phelan E-I ~ Bereer SP. Ibogaine Alters l ucaine-Induced Biugemc and PK~ chostimulant D~shmction, but ,dot (3H~ GBR-1'935 Binding w [he Dopamine f ransporrer Protein. Problems of Dtve Dependence 1991 : Prueeediug of the yard .animal Jarnuhc Meeting, l PDU. V IRA Research ~~lunugraph 119;'ffi. 199'.re[um 1. Brudenel. PS, Phelan FT. 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'11209. 1969.return _8. Naranjo C. The Healing Joume}. 1 71-_'8, Pantheon Books. Dig. Random House. NY'. I97 ;.re[um _'9. Pers'unal communication. 1994 lau[hor wishes to rentam anom~mousl. 3U. Popik P. Layer Rl-&. Skolnick P, The Puta[ive anti-addictive Drug tbogaine u u Competitive inhibitor of ~ 3H~MK-801 Binding io the NMDA Receptor Cumple~. Psgchophannaeolugy. 111:bT__67~1. 199d_ return ~I. Sanchez-Ramos J ~X Mash DC: Lbo,uine Research l~pdote: Phase f Human Stud_v, MAPS, IVi1r:l I Spring 199J.retum Sershen kl. Hashitn Horsing t.. K Laithu A. Ibueame :uuueonires Cocaine- Induced Locomotor \ctiv its in Mice. I_i[e Sciences. ;0:107U-IU86. 199'.remm 55. Sershen H. Hashi[n .A. X Lujthu Ibueame Reduces Pre&rences tar l ocamr C unsumption in C57BL 6Bv Mice. Pharntaculogy. Biochemis-tn :utd Behavior. 1' ~ 11: I 19. 199J.retwn ~J. Sheppard SG. A Preliminan Investigation of Ibogaine: Case Reports and Kecununendatiuro Cur Further Study. J. Subs[ance .Abuse f reatment. I I (J):379-385. 199J. return 35. 5isko B_ Interrupting Dntg Dependency with Ibogaine- a Summon of Four l a,e Histories. MAPS. I ~~i ' 1: I ~-'3. Summer 199;.retum 36. l rulil lu KA K .-Al.il H. Inhibition of Morphine I olerance and Dependence b} N MDA Receptor 1n[aeonist MIS-801. Science. 'S1':8i_8'. 1991_ return ~'iha_e Beat. NYC. Mav 1990_ 38. Moods HW'. Medzihardsk} F. Smith l'B. Winger GU and Prince CP. 1989 \nmrul Report, Ev uluutiun of New lompounds for Opioid Activin, NIDA Kesearch Monograph 95:56.. 055-636. 199U.re[urn 39. lcfF I .First International Ibogaine Conference_ Paris, Januan 198 ~ v ideo tope l.retum l'orrespondence: Howard S LuuoC NDA International. Inc_ PO Boy 100506. Staten Island. V F 10 310-OA16, l ~ S\. email: iboeainru Desk.nl Published Bull. MAPS I V 13: I h-". 199_ back to top I op of pace Main Scorch ~ Science Upimon Lneramre Links I reatmen[ i Bookshop Feedback 1999 the Ibogaine Dossier