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* Congressional Record - Senate, October 27, 1993 <br /> * Congressional Record - House, November 15, 1993 <br /> UPTITED STATES PUBLIC LAR' 103-150 <br /> 103d Congress Joint Resolution 19 itECeivep <br /> no,e..-.__-- . sy.._.__ <br /> Nov. 23, 1993 pure b.~.3~9Z_._._ <br /> County Council ~C <br /> To acknowledge the 100th anniversary of the January 17,1893 overthrow of <br /> the Kingdom of Hawaii, and to offer an apology to Native Hawaiians on <br /> behalf of the United States for the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. <br /> Whereas, prior to the arrival of the first Europeans in 1778, the Native <br /> Hawaiian people lived in a highly organized, self-sufficient, subsistent social <br /> system based on communal land tenure with a sophisticated language, <br /> culture, and religion; <br /> Whereas, a unified monazchical government of the Hawaiian Islands was <br /> established in 1810 under Kamehameha I, the first King of Hawaii; <br /> Whereas, from 1826 until 1893, the United States recognized the <br /> independence of the Kingdom of Hawaii, extended full and complete <br /> diplomatic recognition to the Hawaiian Government, and entered into <br /> treaties and conventions with the Hawaiian monarchs to govern commerce <br /> and navigation in 1826,1842,1849,1875, and 1887; <br /> Whereas, the Congregational Church (now known as the United Church of <br /> Christ), through its American Boazd of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, <br /> sponsored and sent more than 100 missionaries to the Kingdom of Hawaii <br /> <br /> between 1820 and 1850; <br /> <br /> Whereas, on January 14,1893, John L. Stevens (hereafter referred to in this <br /> Resolution as the "United States Minister"), the United States Minister <br /> assigned to the sovereign and independent Kingdom of Hawaii conspired <br /> <br /> with a small group of non-Hawaiian residents of the Kingdom of Hawaii, <br /> including citizens of the United States, to overthrow the indigenous and <br /> <br /> lawful Government of Hawaii; <br /> <br /> Whereas, in pursuance of the conspiracy to overthrow the Government of <br /> Hawaii, the United States Minister and the naval representatives of the <br /> United States caused armed naval forces of the United States to invade the <br /> sovereign Hawaiian nation on January 16, 1893, and to position themselves <br /> near the Hawaiian Government buildings and the Iolani Palace to intimidate <br /> Queen Liliuokalani and her Government; <br /> 0ova K0. .3~~ 7~ <br /> 11k loo. _ U „SG <br /> trot. ~t ~'os,?~.r~~- <br /> yet JUN 3 <br /> <br />