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112 AhtEAIC/1N IOt1aNAt Or aESpMTD11Y ANO CaTCAL laaE MEDICINE VOl r53 t997
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<br /> marquaoa use (IS) to undo;o repeat lung iuoctioo ratios on we stso fined+semnd nndomstfcts condor in which tobsceo and
<br /> Up LO six addjtional OCCatWn! u InlervaL of u least 1 yr. The marijuana Wtaa rrar oonarant ooY.riabta, nubcr than tmedependent.
<br /> preunt rcporl presents the «sulU of the analysb of this longitu- For thif aaalysis, each subject was clauihM u a never or continuing
<br /> dinal study of lung (Ynttlor,. smoker of astir sabeurus setsaratdY, based on whNher the subject wu
<br /> dlhd a ttoewoker or ¦ smoky of that subwvtee u ach aad every
<br /> time, rapcdiwJY. tkherwise, subjsds were dusifud at intermittent
<br /> METHODS stnoksr for that wbthnct
<br /> ?he initial sample consisted 01' haltbY volanleere ZS to 19 yr of age, RESULTS
<br /> including 114 hw~y, lubitwl smokers of marijuana oboe (MS), 173
<br /> rctular smokers of bob maAJuatsa aad tobatxo (MTS), M smoker or Of the 446 cligibk subjaW Initially enrolled in the study, 394
<br /> toWCeoonly(fS),aad97tsoosvlokm(NS)otasp.wbuantepSySwb• underwent measurements of lung function.Ikmognphicchar-
<br /> jau wcn ioitisuY rcrultedfrom the gwenl Los Artgda area through ac[aistics, smoking dates, and FE V, of the 394 uudy participants
<br /> newspaper and hello anooanumaU from 1913 through 1913. Cdkrla with evatuabk lung function ue shown io Table 1 by smoking
<br /> for study entry haw bcsn previously teporudO3A Speeinally category at the time of study eptry (Visit p. The tobacco-only
<br /> were peroro wllo reported current or prevltws utraveoow drug use a amokm were :lightly oltkr then subjats in the other smoking
<br /> cmokina of other i0lcit subatM0.Y (as, crack cocaine, pltwsycWiru, calegoties (p <0.0f). 7Tse marijuana smoker were heavy daily
<br /> rtuthampheumitte, ltcroin, ana opinro) mdse usw 12 ttma u t1a,Jr tivn smokrrs (mean of motx Than 3.S join[s/d), whereas the tobacco
<br /> or within the previous 6 mo. Persoas with ugaifkant aeenpadonal
<br /> posureatombsuncssparntiuyhsyrdptstpmpkatorybwlth,orwith smokerssmokedsnaverajeotnculylto].Spaeksoteigarettes
<br /> a hinory o?chronk resp(ntory Olness, ttcrealw rxelttded. Da day. The combined smoker of marijuana plus tobacco
<br /> Eligible subjects oomplded a AetaBed rspiramry and drug ux qua- smoked less tobacco than did the tobaccoonly emoka: (P <
<br /> tionnurcsdsptedfromtheAms+kan7TonckSaday/1VatlostalHan, 0.03), whams the curronl intensity and lifttims amount of
<br /> Lang andBioodltuutrote(ATSrttHl.etfgasstloanairs(2~ardtbeNa• marl}uaeasmokingwunotaigniffcantlydifterrntbetwanthe
<br /> tiontJlnstitutetmDrugAbuse(NIDA)aatlonwideuusryondlntgabuse dual and marijuana-only smoker. The mean age and tobacco
<br /> 121). An «tensive battery of pulmonary fuaetkn tats wa afso per• coosumjNion of the female subjetts in cash smoking category ~
<br /> formed DetalL of the tarot praadma, mK6odf of Wndatioa, aad wet simile l0 those of the male wbjlxXS In the same category.
<br /> compultoa with apakd teferentx valsw uxd la the steely have btert 13asetine 9s pnditted FEV, did not differ across smoking tate-
<br /> dacribed prcviouilY (1S). A oohed of shoe partldpwu (56MS,12 MTS.
<br /> 26 TS, and 10 NS) use uodawatl fibaoOtk htaocltoseopR Monchoal- Bona.
<br /> veolu lavaae (14A1), and brooch4l mtteoul ltiapkr u variable tiara Table 2 shows the number of longitudinal aSSasmenU by gen-
<br /> tollowint puunoaary fuactios tasting. AsvWU of tM brotlellosaopk der. The mean interval berwept tx)nsecutlve vjsjta was l.7 # 1.1
<br /> rtudiea haw been reported pm9otuly (17, 2A 3)lL (SD) yr, with tlllydrttnm and maximum lnlttt3la of approximately
<br /> Sinoe 1915. aknsive e(toeu have haw made w reaootad u tau I and 8 yr, rapedlvely. The mean interval bawern the first and
<br /> annually. by mall anti telephone, erg 416 partkipaou who)ud wader- last vkit for earl, subjtxt was 4.9 # 2.0 yr. Nearly two-thirds I
<br /> gone lnidd tatlag in 19U tAeoagh 19al. Mau wu eau oader a llS. of the cohort (253/394) were rated on two or more accaslons. ~
<br /> PodalServ{tsarnllauualtthalpror)dedthsserderwltbldeatlneadas Narly all of those slot rotated had moved out of the area or
<br /> of the address b whkb the mast was de{ivaeed. Parkipams who were wort othtu7vise lost to f011tsw•up The proportion of male and I
<br /> rose 10 to0o"~"up (Ot" '~pf0t ~ ~ °D ~a~°g ~ femafs sub ens who ttndarwent moro than one att of Lung ~un~-
<br /> traced thronghwork tebphate numbers, totltaeta 1rltb Iodivkioals idea- ) ~
<br /> rifted by the wbjed a gltdy m Lwow tds err err whawbaw, Suudepad- lion tests wet similar, and the proportion of subjmh who were
<br /> meat of motor vehltk roams, voter reairuatloa fuss, tbs U.S. goelal /atpd mor than ontt (MS 66.79s; MTS f6.37s; TS tS4.6We; NS
<br /> Seauity t«w.rdlna system, std eoasnwslal credit seareaea A Geld vhtt 7339s) did trot differ slgnlfipntly from those who did not un• l
<br /> to the tau know raidma of a panklpam sm utilized U atoassr% logo follow-up tatins by baseline arookiog category (P > 0.09; i
<br /> 7heNatirnalDeuhlod«(NDgwuusedtoidsatitydatb3olkeshdy chi•squarsaoalyris). Moreover, within each smoking category. ~
<br /> group NDt seareha srerc run each Scar for indiddwb not kttoww so ,p sigaiflant ditferencu were found in the age. bassllne smok-
<br /> bealive at tM end of tbu yar. For datM of uudy wb)retr kkutlfed ~ or baxllne FE:V, of the subjats who were
<br /> by she NDI, death tertitlrnss and haphat and psshology records were OnnC and those with mtiltipll toU, acept That MTS I
<br /> requested t0 deteradlte the paM Of lath.
<br /> Rxamacted patddyams were tnvked ro naddgo abapuewt twrde in the ftdiar-up ywp were sUSbtly lighter lobaao smokm {l6.0
<br /> of «aminuloas at pMaN or a 1 yr, iadudiss an Interval ceplrtory cigaMta/d) than MTS who wtae studied oply once (25.7 rigs- 1
<br /> anti drug uu interview aed u Inu locoed orDitat«Y spiromstrSc 74o tctla/d) (p < 0.05). 1
<br /> «perkasdroehaieiaaswhowesssross•trataadutMuudyprooeduta Fouctan pattieipanh woe known to have died during the
<br /> performed ells initial and togow•uD putmonuy fanabu mfr. The same follow-up ptciod, Itttdtd(pg g MTS 2 MS. 3'15v and 1 NS [Chown
<br /> pulmoatuy hnalan pulpmsm and I++g+! proadarw wereaad ttaoual~ cauacs of death included sequGed immune dsficknty syndrome
<br /> out the uudy (1S). l2ttalfonwha wen at>odolstered by trafood our- (AIDS) (1 MS, I MTS, and 2 TS); violence (3 MTS); suicide (1
<br /> viewer. MTS}; drug overdose (t MTb~; breast Attar (1 MTS and t NS);
<br /> oats Analysts end asphyxiation from aspinled ftsod (1 TS).
<br /> For FfiV„ nndomtfkete modsUng was used b adman the rate of Ths numbs of sub)eets in lath smoking category who [e• ~
<br /> maiacd continuing smokers" of cash sub:tana or temporarily
<br /> dsctlns In lung Mnaion with sae u relation to smokhsg snttu roc martju• quit (tr started) smoking a particular substanpe during the follow-
<br /> ana or tobaooo at any polar a time, wNh utwking tutor a ¦ time- ~ ~iod (tintermittent amoken'~ is shown in'tybie 3. More
<br /> dependent srovsdabk (21, 2f1.Othsr Dotwdd rovarklrles were height than gpsA of smokva of marijuana with or without robaao ron-
<br /> (constentlaad Intrnsky of use of marlJuana (joints/day! and tobacao t'mued m smoke mar wets thfOu
<br /> (tieardtaadarl.the wbaaaa-.n.rt)taaa tntaadiaa..aa corms rtndt- U ts?tout tlrc touow.ap perloa, and
<br /> ins of each sulrwaor, whkh were all assered m cash survry (tieoe• a
<br /> ~
<br /> 7n
<br /> s7~rs of~dwl smo bacco acrd ma~uansa con- .
<br /> depettdtnU. The model also inclttd:d else from wbjoas with Daly rme J
<br /> muaureaxnL These stogie obssrvatltms ooatrlbua ro the sstiwte of tinned to smoke tObaaa Relatively few subjects in any smoking '
<br /> the utettept but do trot attka the slope estimate. The advantage of this ategory began smoking tither tobacco or marijuana Qttring
<br /> model is that it Blows for one a more chorea M smoking saws owr follow-up. Although moo smoker of marijuana initially (58sJs
<br /> ttma Anuyw were patormsd for sow and vapmap ssyantdy. of MS and 6791 of MTS). including thou who quit smoking ,
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