HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0045.030 2002-2004LENINGRAD ELARIONOFF
Cmmcilmember
June 4, 2004
juN `j Pfd 4 CG
C0U,1,
OFFICE OF THE COUNTY COUNCIL
County of Hawaii
Hawaii Counro Building
25 Aupuni Streel
Hilo, Hawaii 96720
To James Y. Arakaki, Council Chair
All Council Members
r
From Leningrad Elariono , Coun '1 Member
Subject : Bill No. 163, Draft 2 relating to the General Plan
PHONE: 961-8265
FAX: 961-8912
Since January 2002, the Hawai'i County Council has been involved in updating the General Plan.
In October 2003, 1 became chair of the Planning Committee. My staff and 1 have been involved
in the modification and initiation process for the past nine months.
We began with identifying our goal. It was to end up with a document that was user friendly,
practical, readable, and applicable but concise. Public statements were reviewed, compared, and
analyzed. The support materials in the form of text, goals, policies and standards that did not
need to be codified were separated. Duplicate statements were removed. The vision statements
we solicited from you were included. Meetings were followed with drafting and more meetings
and redrafting.
Today I received a memo from our staff personnel, Legislative Auditor, Constance R. Kiriu and
Legislative Auditor Assistant Charmaine Doran saying that the project was now in its final stage
and ready to be presented to you.
You will notice that Bill No. 163; Draft 2 is co -introduced by Council Chair James Y. Arakaki
and I. He was a vital part of the process due to his experience and as a representative of the East
side of our Island. We welcome your feedback and are confident that working together, we can
pass the General Plan.
I am proud to bring to you after months of intense work, the product of our goal.
(,E/mn
(Kamseyer version of the bill is on file in the Office of the County Clerk)
DISTRICT 9 No. .�
1&3,2 Waimea, Kohala, Kawaihae, Waikoloa, Puako Comm
Ref. To:
Hawaii County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Emploper Ref. D.
AL KONISHI
CountClerk
JAY MENDE
Depute Countv Clerk
County of Hawai `i
Office of the County Clerk
25 Aupuni Street
Hilo, Hawai'i 96720
Telephone: (808) 961-8386 Facsimile: (808) 961-8572
June 3, 2004
TO: Leningrad Elarionoff, Chair
Committee on Planning
FROM: Constance R. Kirin
Legislative Auditor
Charmaine Doran
Legislative Assistant
RE: Bill No. 163, Draft 2
General Plan Revisions
CONSTANCE R. KIRIU
Legislative .I ttdilor
As requested by members of the Planning Committee, we are forwarding a report dated June 2004 titled
"Report on the County of Hawaii General Plan -Bill 163, Draft 2." The report encloses:
An.
1. A chart entitled "Proposed General Plan Revisions—Draft 1 to Draft 2—Proposed
Modifications & Initiations (Additions)"
2. "List of LUPAG and Facilities Maps and Other Revisions (Modifications & Initiations
(Additions))"
3. Bill No. 163, Draft 2 with Land Use Pattern Allocation (LUPAG) Map(s) and Facilities
Maps and Others
4. Bill No. 163, Draft 2 (Unofficial Ramseyer Version)
Hawaii County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer
(9)
County of Hawai'i
Office of the Legislative Auditor
REPORT ON THE COUNTY OF HAWAII GENERAL PLAN
BILL 163, DRAFT 2
As requested, Bill No. 163, Draft 2 is transmitted for your consideration. The purpose of this
report is (1) to explain the process and rationale utilized to amend Bill No. 163, and (2) to
explain significant changes. Both process and rationale were thoughtful, deliberate and
meticulous. Transmitted with this report are the following:
(1) Chart entitled "Proposed General Plan Revisions --Draft 1 to Draft 2 -Proposed
Modifications & Initiations(Additions)"
(2) "List of LUPAG and Facilities Maps Revisions (Modifications & Initiations
(Additions))"
(3) Bill No. 163, Draft 2 with Land Use Pattern Allocation (LUPAG) Map(s), Facilities
and Other Maps
(4) Bill No. 163, Draft 2 (Unofficial Ramseyer Version)
BILL NO. 163, DRAFT 2 AMENDMENT HIGHLIGHTS
In response to requests from the public and Council Members, the General Plan has been
reduced to a document that is succinct and understandable. Draft 2 is remarkable and
meaningful in that the vision statements, objectives and policies of the General Plan
emerge and help to sharpen policy focus.
:• Vision statements for the island and the different geographical districts have been added at
the suggestion of the public and Council Members. The vision statements have a 20 -year
horizon.
Draft 2 is consistent with the Hawai'i Revised Statutes and the Hawai'i County Charter. It
emphasizes the General Plan's purpose as the Council's policy guidance document. This
purpose is asserted in a new purpose section in Draft 2.
Draft 2 contains a statement of principles required by the Charter. These principles are
value -based.
Draft 2 includes the statement of Principles, Vision Statements, a brief description of the
County of Hawai'i, the General Plan Program, Seven Elements, and the LUPAG and
Facilities Maps.
Each of the seven elements include a brief introduction, Goals (Objectives), Policies, and
Standards, if applicable
Hawaii County, is an Equal Opportunity provider and Employer
:• The remaining descriptive text will be edited and placed in a document called the County
Profile, which should be updated by the Planning Department, and may be used to
formulate the basis of development plans.
4• Draft 2 retains the Intensive and Extensive Agriculture Designations and deletes the
Important Agricultural Lands Designation pursuant to the Constitution of the State of Hawaii
that mandates the State Legislature to identify important agricultural lands in the State of
Hawaii and to establish standards and criteria to accomplish this identification. The
identification and protection of important agricultural lands by the State remains a land use
objective with a related comprehensive important agricultural lands policy.
Draft 2 changes the Rural Designation to Rural -Agriculture Designation and expands its
definition to include future areas that meet criteria and may provide transition between
agricultural and urban forms.
General Plan amendment procedures have been moved to a new bill amending Chapter 16
(Planning), Hawai'i County Code.
Noteworthy LUPAG and Facilities Maps revisions (modifications and initiations) are listed at
the end of this report.
BACKGROUND
By letter dated January 22, 2002, Planning Director Chris Yuen transmitted Bill No. 163 relating
to the comprehensive General Plan review as required by the General Plan Ordinance No. 89-
142, as amended.
The Planning Committee began its review under Planning Committee Chair Bobby Jean
Leithead-Todd on February 20, 2002, at a regular meeting in Hilo followed by two workshops, a
site visit, eight public hearings throughout the island, two more workshops, two regular
meetings, and three workshops. With the resignation of Council Member Leithead-Todd,
Council Member Leningrad Elarionoff became the new Planning Chair in October 2003.
Another workshop was held on December 18, 2003 to concentrate and renew efforts on the
comprehensive review.
As a result of the 19 meetings held on Bill 163, Planning Committee members asked that the
Legislative Auditor's Office review and revise Bill No. 163 with the goal of making the General
Plan succinct and understandable. Public testimony and Council Members requested a vision
statement be added to the General Plan. We have since worked with Planning Committee
Chair Elarionoff and interested Council Members to prepare a document that incorporates these
and other suggestions into Bill No. 163, Draft 2. Meetings were facilitated between Planning
Director Yuen and Council Members to discuss specific changes related to their respective
districts. Public communications and Planning Committee meeting minutes were evaluated.
A chart entitled 'Proposed General Plan Revisions --Draft 1 to Draft 2 --Modifications & Initiations
(Additions)' is attached to assist you in understanding the actions taken on Bill No. 163. The
chart explains the action taken on Draft 1 (using Green Ramseyer version) to amend it to Draft 2
by page, paragraph, or bullet. The chart shows whether existing paragraphs, goals, policies
and standards in Draft 1 were kept, moved, edited, deleted or added. New element and/or
sections are specifically addressed in a chart entitled 'Additions." Words of caution: Even if the
chart shows that an amendment was added, it may actually be a restatement of existing
language that was moved from another part of the General Plan. Similarly, the addition of a
new element (Infrastructure) is merely a reorganization of the General Plan by combining
existing elements or subelements.
A'List of LUPAG and Facilities Maps—Modifications and Initiations (Additions)' indicate the
proposed modifications or initiations from Draft 1 to Draft 2.
Bill 163, Draft 2 attaches both LUPAG and Facilities Maps and other informational maps and
tables. Lacking the capability of creating and producing amended, colored LUPAG and
Facilities Maps for the workshops, we will be asking the Planning Department to finalize official
colored sets. Hopefully, this can be completed in time for the next Planning Committee meeting
on the General Plan.
A Ramseyer version of Bill No. 163, Draft 2 (unofficial) accompanies this report to show the
changes from the 1989 General Plan, as amended, to Draft 2. The Ramseyer version is
prepared because of a 1996 Third Circuit Court ruling on the Zoning Code. It should be pointed
out that the Ramseyer rules according to the Hawaii State Legislative Drafting Manual and
Office of Corporation Counsel Drafting Guidelines do not require showing changes when
repealing and adopting new section, parts or chapters of law. The Ramseyer changes from the
1989 General Plan to Draft 2 are not instructive because numerous elements and sub -elements
were moved and combined in the development of Draft 1.
FOUNDATION FOR AMENDMENTS
While the thrust of the changes came from a desire by Council Members to make the General
Plan succinct and understandable, following the requirements of the state statute and the
Hawaii County Charter remained paramount. Chapter 46-4, Hawaii Revised Statutes, and
Section 3-15, Hawaii County Charter, are restated as the legal foundation for the General Plan
(see GP Chapter 1).
"Zoning in all counties shall be accomplished within the framework of a long-range,
comprehensive general plan prepared or being prepared to guiLe the overall future
development of the county. Zoning shall be one of the tools available to the county to
put the general plan into effect in an orderly manner." (emphasis added)
Section 3-15, Hawai'i County Charter, reads:
"The county council shall adopt by ordinance a general plan which shall set forth the
Council's policy for long-range comprehensive physical development of the County. It
shall contain a statement of development objectives, standards and principes with
respect to the most desirable use of land within the County for residential, recreational,
agricultural, commercial, industrial, and other purposes which shall be consistent with
proper conservation of natural resources and the preservation of our natural beauty and
historical sites; the most desirable density of population in the several parts of the
County; a system of principal thoroughfares, highways, streets, public access to the
shoreline, and other open spaces; the general locations, relocations and improvement of
public buildings; the general location and extent of public utilities and terminals, whether
publicly or privately owned, for water, sewers, light, power, transit and other purposes;
the extent and location of public housing projects; adequate drainage facilities and
control; air pollution; and such other matters as may, in the Council's judgment, be
beneficial to the social, economic, and governmental conditions and trends and shall be
designed to assure the coordinated development of the County and to promote the
general welfare and prosperity of its people.
(a) The Council shall enact zoning, subdivision, and other such ordinances, which
shall contain the necessary provisions to carry out the purpose of the General
Plan.
(b) No public improvement, project, subdivision, or zoning ordinances, shall be
initiated or adopted unless the same conforms to and implements the General
Plan.
(c) Amendments to the General Plan may be initiated by the Council or the Planning
Director." (emphasis added)
GENERAL QUESTIONS
What is the purpose of having a plan? (see Bill No. 163, Draft 2, SECTION 1 -Purpose
and GP -Chapter II, Part 1)
The General Plan assumes growth—growth in population and growth in the economy.
In doing so, itug ides growth based on long-term objectives in a manner that promotes
the efficient use of land and its resources. By planning for growth, public and private
monies for infrastructure can be invested wisely and effectively. Higher density
development, infill development and redevelopment result in efficient use of existing
infrastructure. New growth areas would be planned as part of the comprehensive plan
and capital strategies. The General Plan seeks a balance between growth and, at times,
competing values such as natural resource conservation, cultural preservation and other
values.
The General Plan provides the framework for medium -range regional, community, and
functional planning. These medium -range plans should support the broader needs of the
municipality, while articulating the priorities, visions and values important to the
community in the planning area.
The General Plan establishes the context for short-range regulatory tools, which
implement the General Plan and medium -range plans. The Zoning and Subdivision
Codes, an impact fee ordinance, or the establishment of improvement districts are
examples of implementation tools.
Does the General Plan regulate land use or infrastructure? (see GP -Chapter II, Part 1 )
No. The General Planug ides future development and the provision for infrastructure.
This is consistent with the enabling statute -Chapter 46-4, HRS. By focusing on
objectives, policies, standards, and vision statements, the General Plan should evolve
into a policy guidance document. Draft 2 underscores the role of the General Plan as a
policy guide to focus planning efforts on execution.
The General Plan has gradually evolved into another layer of regulation, rather than a
long-range planning policy document. Arguably, there are those who support a rigid
4
regulatory framework at the General Plan level for various reasons. Yet this approach
has had its shortcomings in the last 34 years, and there is growing public resentment
stemming from deficiencies in mid-level infrastructure planning and properly coordinated
public funding.
Draft 2 attempts to diminish reliance on the Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG)
Map through the articulation of vision statements, objectives, policies, and standards.
Rather than painting specific land uses onto a map, the goal is to encourage
development planning efforts to provide greater guidance and specificity. When
development plans are adopted, the myriad of land use colors on the LUPAG map would
be subject to the direction of the development plan. Thus, the LUPAG Map would
ultimately show general 'forms' or'patterns' of settlement, such as the urban form, rather
than specific urban designations (e.g., high density, medium density). In 10 years, the
comprehensive review should depict the 'urban' forms.
We believe attention will properly focus on the written policies in the General Plan over
time.
3. Does the current General Plan have a time horizon? (see GP -Chapter II, Part 1)
No. Although the General Plan mandates a 10 -year comprehensive review, it does not
establish a contextual framework for this long-range plan. A 20 -year horizon for the
vision is established consistent with the timeframe used for employment and population
projections when preparing for the comprehensive review.
4. What is the role of a vision statement? (see Bill No. 163, Draft 2, SECTION 1 -Purpose
and GP -Chapter II, Part 1)
At numerous public hearings, the Planning Committee received testimony suggesting
the General Plan contain a vision statement. Individual council members voiced a desire
to include a vision statement as well.
We understand vision statements to be projections of the most desirable concepts for
growth and lifestyles in our community.
We recommend both island wide and geographical district vision statements. The
purpose of the island -wide vision statement is to express fundamentals that are
important to citizens as applied to the entire island. On the other hand, geographical
district vision statements provide a view of those aspects citizens have identified as
important to preserve, enhance, support, and encourage within each district. Vision
statements capture the character of the district and are vital to understanding community
values, its goals, and its interrelationship with other districts. Taken together with the rest
of the General Plan, vision statements serve to guide future planning and
implementation efforts.
The vision statements in Draft 2 are the product of collaboration with each council
member representing the geographical district or, in many cases, portions of several
districts. We recognize that vision statements must be the outcome of community
participation and must be revisited based upon public input at future meetings of the
Planning Committee, Commission or Council.
5. Does the General Plan contain principles required by the Charter? (see GP -
Chapter III, Part 2)
While Draft 1 may assert principles, they are not clearly stated.
Draft 2 sets forth the following statement of value principles:
"Our citizens are the heart of our community. Each individual respects
the personal rights of others, the family and one's heritage. There is a
commitment to safeguard our island and its non-renewable resources for
present and future generations. At the same time, the community's
economic, educational and physical infrastructure must be sound to
sustain the quality of life our citizens desire."
FORMAT CHANGES
6. Is the separation of goals (now objectives), policies, and standards from the rest of the
text a departure from the existing General Plan?
No. The 1989 General Plan basically separated the Goals, Policies and Standards by
Elements from the rest of the text.
What other formatting changes were made to the Goals (Objectives), Policies and
Standards in Draft 2?
When reformatting the document, the following criterion were used:
a. Eliminated duplicate objectives and policies.
b. Combined similar objectives or policies.
c. Grouped related objectives or policies together.
d. Moved objectives or policies to a more applicable element.
e. Moved courses of action or standards to the appropriate objective or policy
category.
f. Deleted objectives or policies that referred to council or legislative resolutions.
Referring to resolutions in the General Plan ordinance would give resolutions the
force and effect of law. If concepts are important policies, they would be
established in law or executed in a development plan.
g. Eliminated specific objectives or policies that have been attained (e.g., CPR on
agricultural land).
h. Eliminated standards that were or should be another agency's standard, rule or
regulation.
i. Deferred to state, federal or other governmental agencies' jurisdiction when
referring to objectives or policies under their authority. This criteria eliminates
potential duplicative and/or conflicting jurisdictional and enforcement issues.
j. Deleted words or phrases that may confuse the focus of the objective or policy.
For example, the act of preserving and enhancing historic sites may be a
contradiction of terms.
k. Revised policies to have programmatic direction where appropriate.
8. Why are district "courses of action" not included in Draft 2?
District "courses of action" are not mandated by state statute or Charter. The present
General Plan lists "courses of action" for each district. Many district "courses of action"
are expressed in the General Plan objectives or policies (e.g., "Assist in the provision of
water in agricultural areas."), while other "courses of action" are stated in multiple
districts (e.g., "Expandfimprove facilities as necessary").
Because the General Plan is implemented at the medium- and short-range levels, the
"courses of action" should be used as a springboard for preparing development plans.
The descriptive narrative of an area and the basic courses of action exist to make the
task much easier. Moreover, a community can immediately direct its attention to
developing a meaningful, comprehensive set of "courses of action" in a development
plan.
9. What happened to the rest of the descriptive narrative?
The remaining descriptive narrative in the 1989 General Plan -Exhibit C (Support
Document) will be edited and placed in a document entitled County Profile. The County
Profile will contain a wealth of historical, factual and commentary information about the
island and each geographical district, which is similar to the current and proposed
General Plan. The County Profile shall be used for information only and could be placed
on the County website. Due to the historical nature of the text, it should be updated by
the Planning Department when warranted, and may be used as previously mentioned to
launch development plans. Since the amount of information contained in the County
Profile would detract from review of Bill No. 163, Draft 2, the document has not been
transmitted.
10. Why have 'Goals' changed to 'Objectives'?
The Charter requires a statement of 'objectives'. A definition for'objective' that closely
describes the General Plan goals is being used: "Indicates a desired long-range goal or
direction."
11. What is a 'Standard' in the General Plan?
As stated previously, a 'standard' in Draft 2 generally does not reflect an existing or
proposed standard, law, rule regulation, or requirement of a County, State or Federal
agency. A'standard' may (1) identify desirable levels of service (e.g., police officers per
population, EMS response times); (2) define facility requirements (e.g., roadway
definitions and construction); or (3) specify land use processing requirements (e.g.
"floating zone" or the aspects of zoning request review).
A 'standard' is an indicator and is to be applied as a guideline.
12. Why are there 7 elements instead of the original 13 elements?
When we examined the goals, policies and standards of different elements, many were
overlapping or duplicative. This led to evaluating whether elements could be combined
without losing the integrity of the original element. We concluded that the policy -maker
and the general public would better understand the document if the elements were
regrouped and reorganized into a logical order that would not harm the structure of the
General Plan. The changes are shown in Illustration 1:
ILLUSTRATION 1
WHERE DID THE ELEMENTS GO?
Note: Matching bullets show how the elements were combined, condensed and reorganized.
DRAFT 1
Economic Element
Y Energy Element
o Environmental Quality Element
Flood Control and Drainage Element
Historic Sites Element
o Natural Beauty Element
o Natural Resources and Shoreline Element
Housing Element
Y Public Facilities Element
Y
Education
Y
Protective Services
Y
Government Operations
Y
Health and Sanitation
Y Hospitals
Y Solid Waste
Y Cemeteries
Y Public
Utilities Element
Y
Water
Y
Telecommunications
r
Electricity
Y
Gas
Y
Sewer
Y Recreation Element
Y Transportation Element
Land Use Element
E
DRAFT 2
PART 1. Economic Element
PART 2. Historic Sites Element
PART 3. Housing Element
➢ PART 4. Infrastructure Element
Y Public
Facilities:
Y
Education
Y
Government Operations
Y
Health and Sanitation
Y Hospitals
Y Public Cemeteries
Y Solid Waste Management
Wastewater
Y
Parks and Recreation
r
Protective Services
Y
Transportation
Y Utilities
& Energy:
Y
Electricity
Y
Gas
Y
Telecommunications
Y
Water
PART 5. Land Use Element
o PART 6. Natural Beauty, Natural Resources
and Environmental Quality
PART 7. Natural Hazards Element
IMPLEMENTATION AMENDMENTS
13. DEVELOPMENT PLANS
Both drafts emphasize the importance of (community) development plans to direct
physical development and public improvements within a specific area. Both drafts,
directly or indirectly, acknowledge the limited success in adopting development plans
whether by ordinance or resolution. Both drafts commit the County's resources towards
serious implementation—that is, preparing development plans, prioritizing capital
projects, funding those priority projects, and adopting short-term regulatory measures
like an impact fee ordinance or new zoning categories.
We wholeheartedly agree that the need for a development plan should be assessed
considering various factors and that development plans should not be mandated for
every region. The contents of a development plan are laid out in both drafts, albeit with
greater specificity in Draft 1.
Draft 2 clarifies or expands the definition of development plans to include functional or
public facility plans. The County has prepared numerous functional or public facility
plans, a few of which are recommended in the General Plan policies for updating. They
include the Sewerage Study for All Urban and Urbanizing Areas of the County of Hawaii,
the Water Quality Management Plan, County Bikeway Plan, the County Recreation Plan,
and the Drainage Master Plan for the County of Hawaii. Examples of in -progress
regional facility plans include the Kealakehe sewerage system study, the Keahole to
Honaunau Regional Circulation Study, and the Puna Alternate Route Plan. It is
incumbent upon the Council, administration, and the public to be aware that functional
and public facility plans must also be developed in the framework of the General Plan.
Thus, development plans will be initiated by the Council, the Planning Director or the
responsible County department/agency, with the consent of the Council, by resolution.
Draft 2 does not require every development plan to have a steering committee appointed
by the mayor and confirmed by the council. Steering committees may currently be
formed without a requirement in the General Plan. Additionally, the planning director
should be given flexibility over how to gather information and advice depending upon the
nature of a development plan. If a steering committee is necessary and defensible, the
initiating resolution could establish the process for a steering committee for a particular
development plan.
The precise procedures for adopting a development plan should be set forth in
Chapter 16, Hawaii County Code, and have been deleted.
14. CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAM
We are pleased to see attention given to the coordination of the capital improvements
program in the General Plan. However, the conditions by which a CIP is developed and
prioritized should be adopted as a separate section of the County Code rather than the
General Plan. Establishing conditions for the preparation of the CIP is a mid- to short-
range tool and includes the director of finance. As policy -makers, the Council should be
given more time to scrutinize the proposed CIP process on its own merits. A separate
bill should be drafted for the Council's review.
Draft 2 eliminates the procedures for adopting and developing the capital improvements
budget and program (CIP) listed in Draft 1.
15. ANNUALREPORT
Draft 1 requires an annual report to monitor progress towards achieving the 400+ goals
and policies. Draft 2 now contains 300+ objectives and policies. We are not clear how it
would be implemented without a lot of time and effort that could be preferably spent on
implementation rather than monitoring. The annual report is or should be part of the
Council's annual program and budget review of the Planning Department's program
review since the General Plan is part of the Department's program. The capital budget
presentation by the Mayor and the Planning Department serves as the reporting
mechanism to reconcile and prioritize competing community needs.
Draft 2 eliminates the annual reporting requirement.
16. AMENDMENT PROCEDURES
Draft 2 deletes the amendment procedures and refers to its adoption in Chapter 16.
Amendment procedures may need to change from time to time. During the recent
interim period, various amendment procedure revisions were transmitted for
consideration. One procedural amendment was adopted. Technically and legally, EIS
requirements in Chapter 343, HRS, are triggered when a General Plan amendment is
initiated (except for comprehensive reviews). We are not aware of any environmental
assessment made for the prior amendment procedure bills --nor should a change to the
procedure produce such a trigger. To avoid this potential question for future Councils,
the General Plan amendment procedures are drafted and transmitted in a different bill.
For convenience, the General Plan may be reprinted with the amendment procedures.
ELEMENTS
17. The significance of changes in each element is subjective. Therefore, the Chart entitled
'General Plan Draft 1 to Draft 2 -Proposed Modifications & (Amendments)' should be
referenced to understand what text was kept, edited, deleted, or added. It also provides
the reason for the action. We have attempted to align Draft 2 with the core of Draft 1,
except in those areas discussed above.
Developing new landfill sites on the island has not been the policy in recent years.
Therefore, this Solid Waste' policy was deleted and replaced with a new policy: "Explore
and evaluate waste reduction techniques, processes and facilities to lengthen the life of
the landfill(s) with energy conversion being a desirable component.
LAND USE ELEMENT
18. FLOATING ZONE (GP -Chapter III, Part 5)
10
Draft 2 reinstates the "floating zone" as a tool for policy -makers. The "floating zone" has
been used infrequently in the past and we do not foresee it being abused. It has served
as a valuable planning mechanism in order to respond to unique circumstances.
The existing "floating zone" is available for limited industrial and retreat resort areas.
Draft 2 expands the concept to include "limited commercial uses," but controls the
application of the "floating zone" to rural or remote areas in the districts of Puna, North
Hilo, Hamakua, North and South Kohala, South Kona and Ka'u.
Draft 2 sets forth the existing process used to initiate the "floating zone" concept by
saying that zoning requests must comply with the change of zone process.
19. MCX INCLUSION IN HIGH AND MEDIUM DENSITY URBAN DESIGNATIONS
Draft 2 adds mixed industrial -commercial uses to the characteristics of High Density
Urban and Medium Density Urban Designations. The addition of the mixed industrial -
commercial use is qualified by saying that the uses could be appropriate "in areas of
transition." The purpose of this addition is to provide greater planning flexibility in urban
areas.
20. RESIDENTIAL DENSITIES
Draft 2 places residential densities for High (up to 87 units per acre), Medium (up to 35
units per acre) and Low Density (up to 6 units per acre) Designations under "Land Use
Standards."
21. RESORT DESIGNATION ACREAGE AND EMPLOYEE HOUSING STANDARDS
Draft 2 removes the minimum amount of resort acreage needed for Major, Intermediate
and Retreat Resort areas. This action is consistent with Draft 1, which removed the
minimum 35 acres for the Minor Resort category. The scale of a resort should not be
determined by its acreage.
Draft 2 removes employee housing standards, which have been appropriately adopted in
Chapter 11, Hawaii County Code.
22, RETREAT RESORT UNIT COUNT
Draft 2 retains the Retreat Resort unit count of 100 units. Draft 1 proposes 50 units.
The General Plan should be flexible enough to accommodate any future global retreat
resort model. Additionally, reducing the number of units may create a non -conforming
project.
23. "RURAL" TO "RURAL -AGRICULTURE" DESIGNATION
Draft 2 changes the designation for Rural to Rural -Agriculture. The purpose of the
modification is two -fold: (1) To distinguish the designation from the State Land Use
Rural classification. The Rural Designation is not intended to be congruous with the
State Land Use Rural District just as the General Plan Urban and Agriculture
designations are not. (2) To acknowledge the varying intensity of agricultural uses that
may occur in this category.
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24. EXPANDED CONCEPT OF RURAL -AGRICULTURE DESIGNATION
Draft 1 introduces a proposed Rural Designation that applies only to existing, identified
subdivisions having a significant residential component with typical lot sizes of 9,000
square -foot lots to two acres. This is a welcome recognition of the existing situation,
especially with the many non -conforming subdivisions in Puna and Ka'u. The
description is being applied to areas with conforming subdivisions, such as Sunrise
Estates and Keaau Agricultural Lots, Akolea Plantation Subdivision, and Pacific
Plantation. Unfortunately, not all conforming subdivisions, such as Maliu Ridge and
Hokulia, were identified for the Rural Designation. The new Designation should apply
equally to these and other conforming subdivisions.
Subdivisions having up to 4 -acre sized lots having a significant residential component
could also fall into this category. We understand there are residents in these larger lot
subdivisions who object to being placed in the Rural Designation. These subdivisions
were not depicted on the LUPAG Map although they may match the Rural description.
The General Plan can correctly describe these existing situations without 'mapping'
them. Accordingly, Draft 2 proposes to increase the typical lot size of existing
subdivisions to 4 acres.
Draft 2 describes the Rural category more explicitly by saying it includes "areas with or
proposed for small farms intermixed with residential uses where city -like concentrations
of people, structures, streets and urban levels of service are absent."
Draft 2 envisions that there will be Rural -Agricultural areas in the future. These areas
may typically provide a transition between agricultural and urban forms. Rural -
Agricultural areas help to create a buffer between the large agricultural activities and the
denser urban activities. It is not intended that these areas be on the LUPAG map.
Instead, Rural -Agriculture policies point to two existing policies of encouraging rural -style
residential -agricultural developments in appropriate locations and establishing standards
and criteria for these uses. Notably, the proposed LUPAG Map allocation table shows
only 47,996 acres (1.9%) in Rural out of a total 2,517,803 acres in the County.
25. RETAIN INTENSIVE AND EXTENSIVE AGRICULTURE DESIGNATIONS. DELETE
IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL LAND DESIGNATION
Article XI, section 3 of the Hawaii State Constitution states that
[t]he State shall conserve and protect agricultural lands, promote diversified
agriculture, increase agricultural self-sufficiency and assure the availability of
agriculturally suitable lands. The legislature shall provide standards and criteria
to accomplish the foregoing.
Lands identified by the State as important agricultural lands needed to fulfill the
purposes above shall not be reclassified by the State or rezoned by its political
subdivisions without meeting the standards and criteria established by the
legislature and approved by a two-thirds vote of the body responsible for the
reclassification or rezoning action.
12
On October 20, 2003, the Hawaii State Supreme Court issued a significant ruling in
Save Sunset Beach Coalition; Life of the Land; Larry McElheny; Benjamin Hopkins; and
Peter Cole vs. City and County of Honolulu; Obayashi Corporation; and Obayashi
Hawaii Corporation. A copy of the opinion has been transmitted under separate cover.
The Supreme Court opined:
Read as a whole, Article III, Section 3 calls for future
action to be taken by the legislature. The first sentence
of section 3 sets out a mandate with respect to the
preservation of agricultural lands. The text then imposes
a duty on the legislature to `provide standards and
criteria to accomplish the foregoing [mandate].' The
directive to "provide standards and criteria' indicates a
duty arising on the effective date of the provision.
Indeed, Plaintiffs concede the duty to provide such
standards relates to future action. Because the provision
calls for future action it negates the inference that any
standards then in existence were incorporated by the
amendment.
The last sentence of Section 3 confirms that the
identification of important lands was to follow the
adoption by the legislature of such standards. According
to that sentence, such identification was necessary "to
fulfill the purposes [described] above[.]" Plainly this
means the "standard and criteria" in the second sentence
were to be adopted by the legislature after the amendment
became effective.
In other words, the Supreme Court concluded that the State Legislature, not the
counties, is responsible for adopting standards and criteria to identify important
agricultural lands.
Consequently, it is inappropriate for the General Plan to identify 'important agricultural
lands.' It complicates and misleads.
Draft 2 recommends the related Land Use objective and Agriculture policy as follows:
When identified by the State, protect and encourage the utilization of the
County's important agricultural lands.
• Establish and implement a comprehensive important agricultural lands
program to address at the minimum agricultural water development
rezoning criteria infrastructure standards labor housing government
incentives new approaches to preservation enforcement and minimizing
potential adjacent land use conflicts.
The existing Intensive and Extensive Agricultural Designations on the General Plan Land
Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) map reflect past and present activities of
agriculture using soils, climate, and topography, productivity ratings as a basis. While
these designations serve to describe the soil potential for certain agricultural activity,
13
they do not fully describe the serious, hard-working agriculturalist, who does not need a
designation to be successful. The complexities of agriculture as an industry, desirable
densities or lot sizes are not reflected in the existing or proposed Agricultural LUPAG
designations. The desirable densities of Agricultural lots may be established in future
development plans and/or after the State's identification of Important Agricultural Lands.
Additionally, the Economic Element policies have been reorganized and edited making
the agricultural policy the first policy.
26. ORCHARD DESIGNATION TO EXTENSIVE AGRICULTURE DESIGNATION
Draft 2 amends the Orchard Designation to Extensive Agriculture, except in areas
proposed for Rural -Agriculture and in the Kona coffee belt, which generally runs above
the 1,000 -foot elevation level.
27. CONSERVATION DESIGNATION
Draft 2 retains the existing definition for the Conservation Designation by deleting a new
category of "areas to be kept in a largely natural state, with minimal facilities consistent
with open space uses." Expanding the Conservation Designation beyond the State Land
Use District classification, water/forest reserves and natural/scientific preserves
confuses and duplicates the purpose of the Open Designation.
28. OPEN DESIGNATION
Draft 2 expands the Open Designation to include scenic vistas, viewplanes and potential
natural hazard areas.
Draft 2 deletes a proposed policy in Draft 1, which states "Amend the Zoning Code to
create a category for lands that should be kept in a largely natural state, but that may not
be in the Conservation District, such as certain important viewplanes, buffer areas, and
very steep slopes." This regulatory tool should be adopted immediately and is not
necessary.
29. LAND USE TABLE (GP 48)
Urban & Rural Centers Modifications/Initiations:
Add Hakalau
Retain Ninole
Add Kapehu
Add Haina
Add Halawa
Add Maliu Ridge
Add Makalei
Add Puuanahulu
Add Keekee-Kalukalu
Keopuka
Resort Areas Modifications/Initiations:
14
Retain Papai (Intermediate)
Add Puna Makai (Minor)
Add Hamakua (Retreat)
Add Puako (Minor)
Retain Honokohau (Minor)
Retain Volcano (Retreat)
LUPAG MAP AMENDMENTS
LUPAG Map assumes growth and is the graphic depiction of vision statements, objectives and
policies. The strengthening of existing Urban areas, the concentration and infilling of urban
uses in urban areas, the desire to generate economic opportunities and services for district
residents are the basis for the amendments. Changing specific designations established by
prior councils must receive serious consideration. Some proposed amendments show urban
forms and settlement patterns rather than the actual zoned uses. An example of this is the Low
Density Urban Designation for Hilo Heights and Sunrise Estates, which are zoned Agricultural -1
acre. In fact, these areas are part of the Urban form in Hilo.
Aside from those areas affected by the Land Use Element revisions (Important Agricultural
Lands and Rural -Agricultural), the following specific, modifications and initiations (new
amendments) are proposed in Draft 2:
30. PUNA DISTRICT NOTEWORTHY RECOMMENDATIONS
A-1 Modify: Retain Resort at Papai/Kings Landing Area
A-4 Modify: Retain Urban Expansion Area to the west of Keaau Village
A-7 Comment: Guidance policies would consider expansion of Medium Density
Urban in the vicinity of Orchidland Drive.
A -7a Initiate: Medium Density Urban in the vicinity of Ainaloa Drive and Makuu Drive
A -7b Initiate: New Urban Expansion Area in the vicinity of Ainaloa Drive
" Comment: Guidance policies would consider expansion of Medium and Low
Density Urban in and around Mt. View
31. SOUTH HILO NOTEWORTHY RECOMMENDATIONS
B-2 Initiate: Intensive and Extensive Agriculture to Urban Expansion Area instead of
proposed Industrial at former Pepeekeo Mill Site
B-13 Modify: Retain Low Density Urban at Puueo mauka area
B-15 Initiate: Urban Expansion Area to Low Density Urban instead of proposed Rural
at Hilo Heights and Akolea Plantation Subdivisions
B-18 Initiate: Urban Expansion Area to Low Density Urban instead of proposed Rural
at Sunrise Estates and Pacific Plantation subdivisions
32. HAMAKUA NOTEWORTHY RECOMMENDATIONS
D-2 Initiate: Urban Expansion Area to Intensive Agriculture instead of proposed
Important Agricultural Land west of Nienie Gulch and mauka of Honokaa Town
33. NORTH KOHALA NOTEWORTHY RECOMMENDATIONS
E -3a Initiate: Intensive Agriculture to Rural -Agriculture at Maliu Ridge (A-1 a)
15
34.
35
36.
37
SOUTH KOHALA NOTEWORTHY RECOMMENDATIONS
F-6 Initiate: Urban Expansion Area to Intensive Agriculture instead of Important
Agricultural Land off the south side of Kawaihae Road
F-14 Modify: Retain Resort at Puako Beach Apartment and Puako General Store area
** Comment on F-16: Guidance policies would allow flexibility in White Sands Golf
Course layout in the Urban Expansion Area between Puako and Queen
Kaahumanu Highway and northeast of Mauna Lani Resort.
F -21a Initiate: Low Density Urban to Medium Density Urban north of County land in
Waikoloa Village (6/4/04 letter from James Leonard)
** Comment on F-23: Guidance policies would allow flexibility in golf course layout.
NORTH KONA NOTEWORTHY RECOMMENDATIONS
G-9 Modify: Reduce Open area as negotiated at Kohanaiki (6/17/03 Planning
Director letter).
Comment: Revision not needed under guidance policies.
G -10a Initiate Low and Medium Density Urban and Open to Low Density Urban
(6/17/03 Planning Director letter)
G -10b Initiate Low and Medium Density Urban and Open to Urban Expansion (6/17/03
Planning Director letter)
G -13a Initiate Extensive Agriculture to Rural -Agriculture at Makalei Estates (A-1 a)
G -16a Initiate: Open to Resort south of Honokohau Harbor by combining existing
Resort Areas G-16 and G-17 (6/16/03 DLNR letter)
G-17 Modify: Retain Resort Area, but combine with G-17 (6/16/03 DLNR letter)
G -17a Initiate: Open to Urban Expansion Area (6/16/03 DLNR letter)
Initiate: Open to Urban Expansion (6/16/03 DLNR letter)
** Comments on G-18, 19, and 29: Guidance policy would allow flexibility in golf
course layout.
G-34 Initiate: Extensive Agriculture to Rural -Agriculture at Hokulia (A -1a)
G-35 Initiate: Extensive Agriculture and Orchards to Extensive Agriculture below
(makai) the 1,000' elevation level generally. Kona coffee belt above the 1,000'
elevation level is Intensive Agriculture.
SOUTH KONA NOTEWORTHY RECOMMENDATONS
H-1 Initiate: Extensive Agriculture to Conservation at Keopuka (8/21/02 Planning
Director)
H -1a Modify: Retain Extensive Agriculture at Keopuka and Kaawaloa (8/21/02
Planning Director, and as further modified at Kaawaloa)
H-6 Initiate: Low Density Urban and Open to Extensive Agriculture instead of
Important Agricultural Land mauka of Puuhonua Road and north of Keala O
Keawe Road
H -7a Initiate: Extensive Agriculture to Rural -Agriculture at Captain Cook Ranch lands
makai of Napoopoo Road (RA zoning/SLU Urban)
KA'U NOTEWORTHY RECOMMENDATIONS
I -2a Initiate: Extensive Agriculture to Urban Expansion mauka of Ocean View across
from 1-2
16
1-3
Modify:
Retain Resort in the vicinity of Pohue Bay
1-4
Modify:
Retain Industrial midway between Hawaii Belt Road and coastline in
Kahuku
1-5
Modify:
Retain Low and Medium Density Urban makai of Hawaii Belt Road in
Kahuku
1-8
Modify:
Retain Extensive Agriculture between Honuapo and Punaluu
1-9
Modify:
Retain Urban Expansion Area east of Naalehu
1-10
Initiate:
Low Density to Medium Density Urban, which would allow industrial -
commercial uses under Draft 2.
FACILITIES AND OTHER MAPS
Facilities and other Maps have a similar role in Drafts 1 and 2.
Draft 2 clarifies the role of the Facilities and Other Maps by stating "The General Plan
Facilities Maps show general locations of public and private facilities and utilities, and
existing and proposed transportation networks. Other informational maps and tables
include lava hazard zones, government-owned lands, historic sites, natural beauty, and
military installations. The General Plan Facilities Maps and other maps and tables are to
be used for informational purposes only, may be periodically updated, and are included
by reference."
Draft 1 adopts the Facilities Maps, all of which note under the titles "This map was
produced by the County of Hawaii, Planning Department. It is intended for planning
purposes only and should not be used for boundary interpretations or other spatial
analysis beyond the limitations of the data."
FACILITIES MAP AND OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS
38. Replace Facilities Maps -Roadway Maps A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and Electricity Map
transmitted in July 22, 2003 letter from Planning Director Chris Yuen to Council
Members.
39. Retain the Puna coastal government road on the facility map. Showing the road on the
Facilities Maps D and E -Transportation -Road.
40. Initiate a table called 'Areas of Natural Beauty by Ahupua'a or Region' to be placed with
the other maps. The table lists those areas of natural beauty described in Draft 1 and
makes clear that it should be used for planning and program purposes. Treatment
measures for mitigation, protection, preservation and/or enhancement are all program
goals.
CONCLUSION
The General Plan is the Council's planning policy guide. Draft 2 shifts the paradigm towards
action, implementation and coordination of financing and infrastructure—a meaningful legacy.
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HAWAII COUNTY GENERAL PLAN REVISIONS
BILL NO. 163, DRAFT 2
LIST OF LUPAG & FACILITIES MAPS REVISIONS
MODIFICATIONS & INITIATIONS (ADDITIONS)
OVERALL AMENDMENTS
Modify: Retain Intensive & Extensive Agriculture. (Delete Important Agricultural Land
Designation.)
2. Modify: Rural Designation to Rural -Agriculture Designation. Rural -Agriculture would be in
designated areas recommended by the Planning Director or as otherwise specified below.
3. Modify/Initiate: Orchards to Extensive Agriculture, except in those areas generally above the
1000 foot elevation of the Kona Coffee belt, which designation would be Intensive Agriculture.
PUNA DISTRICT
Puna 1 Map (A-2 to A-5)
A-1 Resort to Urban Expansion Area
Location: Papai/Kings Landing Area
Rationale. While a portion of the Papai area has been identified for Resort use for the past 30
years, plans for resort development have not materialized during that period The proposed
change to an Urban Expansion Area would be more appropriate for the area.
Modification: Retain Resort.
A-2 Urban Expansion Area to Industrial
Location. Adjacent to and west of Shipman Industrial Park
Rationale: This area situated adjacent to the existing Shipman Industrial Park is already zoned
for industrial uses. This change is to recognize the industrial zoning.
A-3 Orchards to Rural
Location: Keaau Agricultural Lots
Rationale. With the introduction of a new Rural land use designation, subdivisions such as the
Keaau Agricultural Subdivision are being placed in the Rural category. Many of these types of
subdivisions are used. for residential -agricultural purposes and/or are non -conforming
subdivisions situated within the current State Land Use Agricultural District.
Modification: Orchards to Rural -Agriculture
A-4 Urban Expansion Area to Important Agricultural Land
Location: Area to the west of Keaau Village and extending beyond Kurtislown
Rationale. The Urban Expansion Area is reduced since there are ample lands in the Keaau and
Kurlistown areas for urban uses.
Modification: Retain Urban Expansion Area
A-5 Urban Expansion Area to Rural
Location: Happy Homes Subdivision
Rationale. The Happy Homes Subdivision is within the State Land Use Rural district. The
majority of the lands within the State Land Use Rural district are placed in the new Rural land
use category.
Modification: Rural -Agriculture
Puna 2 Map (A-6 to A-12)
A-6 Orchards to Rural
Location: Hawaiian Paradise Park, Orchidland Estates, and Ainaloa Subdivisions
Rationale: The Hawaiian Paradise Park, Orchidland Estates, and Ainaloa subdivisions fit into
the new Rural category.
Modification: Orchards to Rural -Agriculture
A-7 Orchards to Medium Density Urban
Location: Hawaiian Paradise Park Subdivision
Rationale: The commercial areas proposed within the Hawaiian Paradise Park Master Plan
(adopted by County Council Resolution) are designated as Medium Density Urban. The Medium
Density Urban area within the Orchidland Estates Subdivision is where the existing Wiki Wiki
Mart is located.
A- 7a Initiate: Orchards to Medium Density Urban
Location: In the vicinity of Ainaloa Drive & Makuu Drive
A-8 Orchards to Industrial
Location: Hawaiian Paradise Park Subdivision
Rationale: The Planning Department supports the proposals within the Hawaiian Paradise Park
Master Plan adopted by Resolution by the County Council. This area is designated for
industrial -commercial uses.
A-9 Orchards to Extensive Agricultural Land
Location. Tiki Gardens Subdivision
Rationale: These lots are larger in size and would be more appropriate as Extensive Agricultural
lands.
A-10 Orchards to Low Density Urban
Location: Nanawale Estates Subdivision
Rationale: The front portion of the Nanawale Estates Subdivision is designated as Low Density
Urban. It is appropriate to place all of the lots within this subdivision into the LDU category.
A-11 Orchards to Rural
Location: Tangerine Acres Subdivision
Rationale. The Tangerine Acres Subdivision is situated within the State Land Use Rural District.
Majority of the lands within the State Land Use Rural District is included in the Rural category.
Modification: Orchards to Rural -Agriculture
A-12 Orchards to Conservation
Location: Green Lake Area-Kapoho (SLUConservation)
Rationale: Consistent with State Land Use Conservation District.
Puna 3 Map (A-13 to A-14)
A-13 Orchards to Rural
Location. Leilani Estates Subdivision
Rationale: The Leilani Estates Subdivision is a residential -agricultural subdivision that falls
under the Rural category.
Modification: Orchards to Rural -Agriculture
A-14 Orchards to Rural
Location: Kalapana Sea View Estates, Puna Beach Palisades, Kehena Beach Estates, Kekala-
Keokea, and Black Sand Beach subdivisions
Rationale. These are non -conforming subdivisions within the .State Land Use Agricultural
District that would be more appropriately placed in the Rural category.
Modification: Orchards to Rural -Agriculture
Puna 4 Map (A-15 to A-17)
A-15 Orchards and Intensive Agriculture to Rural
Location. Hawaiian Fern Acres, Eden Roc; Ruddy Tong; and Royal Hawaiian Estates
subdivisions
Rationale: These are non-con/orming subdivisions within the State Land Use Agricultural
District that would be more appropriately placed in the Rural categorv.
Modification: Orchards to Rural -Agriculture
A-16 Intensive Agriculture to Rural
Location: Portion oj'Voleano Cymbidium Acres, Orchid Isle Estates, and Aloha Estates
subdivisions
Rationale. These subdivisions are residential -agricultural in character and would be more
appropriate within the Rural land use category.
Modification: Intensive Agriculture to Rural -Agriculture
A-17 Orchards and Intensive Agriculture to Rural
Location. Pacific Paradise Mt. View Manor, Glenwood, Pacific Paradise Development, Hawaii
Island Paradise Acres, Throm's, Olaa Scenic Lands, Kukui Heights Lots, Hilo Acres, and
Malulani Tract subdivisions
Rationale: These subdivisions are residential -agricultural in character and would be more
appropriate within the Rural category.
Modification: Orchards and Intensive Agriculture to Rural -Agriculture
SOUTH HILO DISTRICT
South Hilo 1 Map (B-1 to B-4)
B-1 Low Density Urban to Medium Density Urban
Location. Kulaimano
Rationale: Additional land area is set aside for future expansion of the Kulaimano commercial
core.
B-2 Intensive and Extensive Agriculture to Industrial
Location. Former Pepeekeo Mill Site
Rationale: Additional industrial lands at the former Pepeekeo Mill are set aside for future need.
Initiation: Intensive and Extensive Agriculture to Urban Expansion Area
B-3 Urban Expansion Area to Low Density Urban
Location: Pepeekeo
Rationale. The area is currently in single family residential use, therefore, the Low Density
Urban designation is appropriate.
B-4 Low Density Urban to Medium Density Urban
Location: Honomu Village
Rationale. The area could be developed as a possible retirement community and related
commercial activities.
South Hilo 2 Map (B-5 to B-13)
B-5 Industrial to Resort
Location: C Brewer Office Building at Wainaku
Rationale: The area is ideal for the establishment of a small minor resort complex.
B-6 Medium Density Urban to High Density Urban
Location. Along the west side of Kinoole Street from St. Joseph School and extension to Kawili
Street. The area between Lanikaula Streel & Kawili Street & east of Kinoole Street is also
included.
Rationale: The purpose of this change is to implement the County Council s Resolution
No, 286-96 of providing additional commercial lands in the vicinity of the University of Hawaii
at Hilo.
B-7 Open to Industrial
Location. Hilo Iron Works property
Rationale: The change is consistent with the existing industrial -commercial uses ofthe old Hilo
Iron Works property.
B-8 Open to Industrial
Location: Adjacent to and southwest of Hilo Harbor along Ocean View Drive
Rationale: The area is proposed as Industrial to accommodate the State Department of
Transportation plans to utilize the area for its Hilo Harbor expansion.
B-9 Low Density Urban to Urban Expansion Area
Location. Mauka of the old Wainaku Mill (Brewer Office Building) and the Hawaii Belt Road
Rationale: Provide additional land mauka of the highway for possible resort related uses. such
as a parking area.
B-10 Medium Density Urban to Industrial
Location: Waiakea Houselots (Hualant-Laukapu-Pidani)
Rationale: The area is becoming industrial -commercial in character. The Industrial designation
would be appropriate for the area.
B -I I Low Density Urban to Industrial
Location: Waiakea Houselots
Rationale. The Waiakea Houselots area bordered by Kalanikoa Street Lanikaula Street,
Laukapu Street, and Hualani .Street, is an excellent area to provide industrial -commercial uses.
A layer of lots along the north side of Lanikaula Street until Manono Street is also proposedfior
Industrial. Several of the lots within the area, particularly along Kalanikoa Street and Lanikaula
.Street, are already in industrial -commercial uses.
B-12 Low Density Urban to Medium Density Urban
Location: Waiakea Houselots
Rationale: The Waiakea Houselots area bordered by Laukapu, Mililani, Lanikaula, and Hualani
Streets is well-suited for higher density residential uses and certain types of commercial
activities.
B-13 Low Density Urban to Important Agricultural Land
Location: Puueo mauka area
Rationale: The lands in the area are considered to be Important Agricultural Land.
Furthermore. there are ample lands in the immediate vicinityforfuture residential uses.
Modification: Retain Low Density Urban
South Hilo 3 Map (B-14 to B-23)
B-14 Low and Medium Density Urban to High Density Urban
Location: Kanoelehua Avenue-Puainako Street intersection
Rationale. The intersection of Kanoelehua Avenue and Puainako Street has developed into a
high density commercial core. The area includes the KTA and Puainako Town Centers, Ginger
Patch commercial development, and the Nlatsuno property. The area proposed for High Density
Urban is also adjacent to the Price Kuhio Plaza.
B-15 Urban Expansion Area to Rural
Location: Hilo Heights and Akolea Plantation subdivisions
Rationale: These subdivisions are residential -agricultural in character.
Initiation: Urban Expansion Area to Low Density Urban
B-16 Orchards to Rural
Location: Kaumana City
Rationale. This is a non -conforming subdivision with the Agricultural category that would be
more appropriate in the Rural category.
Modification: Orchards to Rural -Agriculture
B-17 Urban Expansion Area to Low Density Urban
Location: Along both sides (?f Kaumana Drive and includes the Kaumana Estates Subdivision
Rationale: Along both sides of Kaumana Drive and includes the Kaumana Estates Subdivision
B-18 Urban Expansion Area to Rural
Location. Sunrise Estates and Pacific Plantation subdivisions
Rationale: The lots within the subdivision are one -acre in size and are more appropriate in the
Rural designation.
Initiation: Urban Expansion Area to Low Density Urban
B-19 Conservation to Extensive Agricultural Land
Location. Newton Family property off the south side of Kaumana Drive
Rationale: The reclassification of the area to Extensive Agriculture is appropriate. The State
Land Use Commission recently reclassified the area to the Agricultural District.
B-20 Intensive Agriculture to Low Density Urban
Location: Kupulau Meadows Subdivision off Kupulau Street
Rationale. Area is already zoned and used for single family residential purposes.
B-21 Urban Expansion Area to Low Density Urban and Extensive Agriculture Land
Location: South of the residential subdivisions off Hadhai Street
Rationale: The portion proposed for Low Density Urban would complement the abutting single
family residential subdivisions, while the State-owned lands located further south would be more
appropriately placed in the Extensive Agricultural Land category.
B-22 Industrial to Urban Expansion Area
Location: East side of Prince Kuhio Plaza and Railroad Avenue
Rationale: Rather than he limited to Industrial uses, the change to Urban Expansion Area will
allow for a variety of urban -type uses.
B-23 Orchards to Low Density Urban
Location: Panaewa and north of the South Hilo -Puna District boundary
Rationale: The proposal will allow for low density residential uses.
South Hilo 4 Map (B-24)
B-24 Extensive Agriculture to Conservation
Location: Mauka of the South Hilo Forest Reserve area (SLUConservation)
Rationale. Consistent with State Land Use Conservation District
NORTH HILO DISTRICT
North Hilo 1 Map (C-1 to C-3)
C-1 Low Density Urban and Intensive and Extensive Agriculture to Rural
Location: Ninole
Rationale: The change is to recognize the current State Land Use Rural designation of the
Ninole area.
Modification: Low Density Urban and Intensive and Extensive Agriculture to Rural -
Agriculture
C-2 Urban Expansion Area to Important Agricultural Land
Location. Laupahoehoe
Rationale: There are ample lands in Laupahoehoe to accommodate urban -type uses.
Modification: Urban Expansion Area to Intensive Agriculture
C-3 Intensive and Extensive Agriculture to Low Density Urban
Location: Laupahoehoe
Rationale. The area is in single family residential use, and therefore, the Low Density Urban
designation is appropriate.
HAMAKUA DISTRICT
Hamakua 1 Map (D -I to D-2)
D-1 Urban Expansion to Low Density Urban
Location: Along the east side of Nienie Gulch in Honokaa
Rationale: The lands eat of Nienie Gulch are designated for either Low or Medium Density
Urban uses.
D-2 Urban Expansion Area to Important Agricultural Land
Location: West of Nienie Gulch and mauka of Honokaa Town
Rationale. There are ample vacant lands in the Honokaa area to accommodate_future urban -
types uses.
Modification: Urban Expansion Area to Intensive Agriculture
NORTH KOHALA DISTRICT
North Kohala 1 Map (E-1 to E-3)
E-1 Intensive and Extensive Agriculture to Rural
Location: Halawa
Rationale: To recognize the current State Land Use Rural District as Halawa.
Modification: Intensive and Extensive AgrieuNure to Rural -Agriculture
E-2 Urban Expansion Area to Low Density Urban
Location: North side ofHawi
Rationale. The lands between Hawi and the Kohala High and Elementary School are more
suited for Low Density Urban uses.
E-3 Intensive Agriculture to Low Density Urban
Location: West of Kahei Houselots in Hawi
Rationale: The area is used for single family residential uses, therefore, the Low Density Urban
designation is more appropriate for the area.
E -3a Initiation: Intensive Agriculture to Rural -Agriculture
Location: Malin Ridge
Rationale: Subdivision has one -acre lots similar to RA Designation
North Kohala 2 Map (E-4 to E-7)
E-4 Extensive Agriculture to Rural
Location: Portion of the Kohala Estates Subdivision
Rationale: This portion of the Kohala Estates Subdivision is residential -agricultural in character
and will therefore ft the description of Rural.
Mod fcalion: Extensive Agriculture to Rural -Agriculture
E.-5 Medium Density Urban to Low Density Urban
Location. Kohala Makai Area situated northwest of the North and South Kohala district
houndw y
Rationale: The area was subdivided into single, family residential sized lots.
E-6 Extensive Agriculture to Conservation
Location: Along the makai side ofAkoni Pule Highway in the vicinity of the Kohala Ranch
entrance
Rationale: The area is currently within the State Land Use Conservation District.
E-7 Extensive Agriculture and Urban Expansion to Conservation
Location: South of Mahukona, the majority being makai ofAkoni Pule Highway
Rationale. The area is currently within the State Land Use Conservation District
SOUTH KOHALA DISTRICT
South Kohala 1 Map (F-1 to F-6)
F-1 Intensive Agriculture to Rural
Location. Puukapu area in Waimea (Lakeland Subdivision, Puukapu Acres, Wailani Ranchos,
Waimea Vacationlands, Kamuela Meadows, Pleasant Acres, Nani Waimea, Kamuelo Havens,
Hoonani Subdivision
Rationale. The following non -conforming subdivisions within the Puukapu area would be more
appropriately designated Rural: Lakeland, Puukapu Acres, Wailani Ranchos, Waimea
Vacationlands, Kamuela Meadows, Pleasant Acres, Nani Waimea, Kamuela Havens, and
Hoonani subdivisions.
Modification: Intensive Agriculture to Rural -Agriculture
F-2 Low Density Urban to Extensive Agricultural Land
Location: Along both sides of the Kohala Mountain Road
Rationale: The area would be more suitable for agricultural uses.
F-3 Intensive Agriculture to Urban Expansion Area
Location: West side of Waimea town and the Lalamilo Farm Lots
Rationale: Since the Parker Ranch Museum area is already in urban use, the Urban Expansion
Area designation would be appropriate.
F-4 Extensive Agriculture to Rural
Location. Anekona Estates, Kanehoa, Waimea Landmark, and Hale Wailani subdivisions
Rationale: These subdivisions are currently residential -agricultural in character. Some of the
lots within these subdivisions were recently reclassified into the State Land Use Rural district.
Modification: Extensive Agriculture to Rural -Agriculture
F-5 Urban Expansion Area to Low Density Urban
Location: Along the south side of Kawaihae Road and in the vicinity of the Kawaihae Road-
Kohala Mi. Road intersection
Rationale: The area is in single family residential use.
F-6 Urban Expansion Area to Important Agricultural Land
Location: Off the south side of Kawaihae Road
Rationale. The Important Agricultural Lands designation for these State-owned lands would he
more appropriate.
Modification: Urban Expansion Area to Intensive Agriculture
South Kohala 2 Map (F-7 to F-11)
F-7 Urban Expansion Area to Low Density Urban
Location: Makai of the Akoni Pule Highway at the south side of the North-South Kohala
boundary
Rationale: The area is already subdivided into single family residential lots.
F -S Resort and Medium Density Urban to Open
MI
Location: Lands between Spencer Beach Park/PuuKohola Heiau National Historic Park and
Mauna Kea Resort
Rationale: These lands are adjacent to the PuuKohola Heiau National Historic Site and Spencer
Beach Park and should therefore be designated Open to provide additional open space buffers.
F-9 Resort, Medium and Low Density Urban, and Open to Resort Node and Open
Location: Mauna Kea Resort properties
Rationale. The Mauna Kea Major Resort Area would be consistent with the concept of
establishing Resort Nodes. Pockets of urban lands are designated Open.
F-10 Urban Expansion Area to Medium Density Urban
Location: Mauka of Queen Kaahumanu Highway and the Mauna Kea Resort
Rationale: These lands are developed for residential uses and part of the Hapuna Golf Course.
F-11 Urban Expansion Area to Industrial
Location: Mauka of Queen Kaahumanu Highway and the Mauna Kea Resort
Rationale: The area is currently zoned for industrial uses.
South Kohala 3 May (F-12 to F-20)
F-12 Medium Density Urban to Open
Location. Wailea Bay and pard of the Hapuna Beach Park expansion
Rationale: The area is part of the Hapuna Beach Park expansion and would be more appropriate
in the Open designation.
F-13 Resort to Low Density Urban
Location: Puako Beach Lots area
Rationale. The area is developed into single family residential lots.
F-14 Resort to Medium Density Urban
Location: Puako Beach Apartments and Puako General Store area
Rationale: The change to the Puako Beach Apartments and Puako General Store properties
would be consistent with the uses allowed within the Medium Density Urban category.
Modification: Retain Resort
F-15 Resort to Low Density Urban
Location. At the southwestern end of Puako Beach Road
Rationale: The property at the end of Puako Beach Road is already developed for single, family
residential purposes.
F-16 Urban Expansion Area to Open
Location: Between Puako and Queen Kaahumanu Highway and northeast of Mauna Lani Resort
(proposed White Sands Golf Course)
Rationale: The area is proposed for the development of a golf course, thus, the Open designation
would be appropriate.
F-17 Urban Expansion Area to Conservation
Location: Off the mauka side of Queen Kaahumanu Highway at the proposed Bridge Aina Lea
development
Rationale: The area is placed into Conservation to comply with the State Land Use
Commission's condition of retaining a Conservation Easement at that location.
F-18 Resort, Low and Medium Density Urban, Urban Expansion Area, and Open to Resort Node
Location: Mauna Lani Resort
Rationale.The new Resort Node category is used to designate the Mauna Lani Major Resort
Area.
F-19 Resort, Medium Density Urban, Urban Expansion Area and Open to Resort Node
Location: Waikoloa Beach Resort
Rationale: The new Resort Node Category issued to designate the Waikoloa Beach Major Resort
Area
F-20 Urban Expansion Area to Open
Location: Along the lower portion of Waikoloa Road
Rationale: To provide a greenbelt along the road.
South Kohala 4 Map (F-21 to F-24)
F -21a Initiate: Low Density Urban to Medium Density Urban
Location: Area north of County land in Waikoloa Village
F-21 Low Density Urban to Medium Density Urban
Location. Area north of the Waikoloa Village owned by the County
Rationale: An area is set aside for limited commercial and higher density residential uses within
the County's property.
F-22 Medium Density Urban and Open to Industrial
Location: Waikoloa Village
Rationale: Additional industrial lands are proposed at Waikoloa Village for future industrial
uses.
F-23 Extensive Agriculture to Rural and Open
Location. Proposed Waikoloa Highlands Estates Subdivision and golf course located mauka of
Waikoloa Village
Rationale: The proposed Waikoloa Highlands Estate Subdivision area is designated for
residential -agricultural and open uses. The residential -agricultural uses will be consistent with
the proposed Rural designation while the proposed golf course would be more appropriate(v
designated Open.
F-24 Intensive and Extensive Agriculture to Industrial
Location: West Hawaii Concrete and surrounding area located mauka of the Mamalahoa
Highway and in the land division of Waikoloa (Upper)
Rationale: The West Hawai `i Concrete Quarry and Processing Plant and other related quarry
operations are consistent with the Industrial category. Some of these uses were established
through the Special Permit process several decades ago.
12
NORTH KONA DISTRICT
North Kona 1 Map (G -I to G-4)
G-1 Extensive Agriculture to Rural
Location: Pun Lani Ranch and Big Island Country Club area at Puuanahulu
Rationale. The Pun Lani Ranch and Big Island Country Club area are residential -agricultural in
character and would fit the description of Rural.
Modiftcation: Extensive Agriculture to Rural Agriculture
G-2 Urban Expansion Area to Conservation
Location: Kaupulehu and Kona Village areas
Rationale: There lands are currently within the State Land Use Conservation District.
G-3 Orchards and Intensive Agriculture to Extensive Agriculture Land
Location: Along both sides of the mauka Hawaii Belt Road from Puuanahulu to the Kukio mauka
area
Rationale: These lands are not within the Important Agricultural Lands category and therefore
would be more suited in the Extensive Agricultural category.
G-4 Urban Expansion Area, Resort, Medium Density Urban, Open to Resort Node
Location: Kaupulehu, Kona Village, Kukio Area
Rationale. The new Resort Node category is used to designate this major resort designation
area.
North Kona 2 May (G-5 to G-13)
G-5 Urban Expansion Area to University Use
Location: Mauka of the Keahole Agricultural Park and north of Kaiminani Drive
Rationale: This change in designation is to recognize the approximate 500 acres set aside for the
University of Hawaii Center at West Hawaii campus located north of Kaiminani Drive below
the Kona Palisades Subdivision
G-6 Extensive Agriculture to Urban Expansion Area
Location: HELCO generation power plant site in Keahole
Rationale: The existing Urban Expansion Area is extended to include the HELLO site. A
previous interpretation was made that the site was within the Urban Expansion Area.
G-7 Urban Expansion Area to Open
Location: Ooma situated south of the airport
Rationale. The Open area will provide protection for a complex of anachialine ponds and
historic sites and burials that lie within a coastal band. IT will also buffer the public use of the
shore from incompatible development.
G-8 Resort to Open
Location. Ooma situated south of the airport
Rationale: Same reasons as G-7 above.
G-9 Resort and Medium Density Urban to Open
Location: Kohanaiki
13
Rationale. Portion of the Kohanaiki property is designated Open for the same reasons as noted
in G-7 above.
Modification: Open area as negotiated.
G-10 Low and Medium Density Urban, and Open to Urban Expansion Area
Location: Kohanaiki
Rationale: Allow a flexibility of urban -type uses.
G -10a Initiation: Low and Medium Density Urban, and Open to Low Density
G -10b Initiation: Low and Medium Density Urban, and Open to Urban Expansion
G-11 Orchards to Conservation
Location. Kalaoa mauka area
Rationale: Consistent with the State Land Use Conservation District.
G-12 Urban Expansion Area to Low Density Urban
Location: Kona Palisades and other single family residential subdivisions in the Kalaoa to Hina
Lani Street area
Rationale: These lands are in single family residential use and therefore, can he identified as
Low Density Urban
G-13 Urban Expansion Area to Medium Density Urban
Location: Upper Hina Lani Street area (Former P -O Partnership property)
Rationale: The area is zoned for higher density residential use, and therefore. the Medium
Density Urhan designation would be appropriate.
G -13a Initiation: Extensive Agriculture to Rural -Agriculture
Location: Makalei Estates and Country Club
North Kona 3 Mal) (G-14 to G-27)
G-14 Urban Expansion Area to Industrial
Location: West Hawaii Concrete and the area south of the Kaloko Industrial Subdivision
Rationale: West Hawai `i Concrete has for many years utilized the area south of the Kaloko
Industrial Subdivision for quarry and related activities. The change to Industrial would
recognize the existing industrial use of the area. The area south of the Kaloko Industrial
Subdivision along the mauka side of Queen Kaahumanu Highway is being developed for a infix of
industrial and commercial uses. The Industrial designation would allow for further expansion of
these types of mixed industrial -commercial uses.
G-15 Resort and Urban Expansion Area to Open
Location: Kaloko-Honokohau National Historic Park and surrounding area
Rationale: The Federal and State governments now own these lands. The Federal lands are part
of the Kaloko-Honokohau National Historic Park.
G-16 Resort to Urban Expansion Area
Location: Hawaiian Home Lands situated south ofHonokohau Harbor
Rationale: The resort designation is no longer appropriate at this location. The Urban
Expansion Area designation would mesh in with the surrounding UEA designated lands.
14
G -16a Initiation: Open to Resort
Location: South of Honokohau Harbor (6/16/03 DLNR letter)
G-17 Resort to Open
Location: South of Honokohau Small Boat Harbor
Rationale: This State land that is part of the Honokohau Small Board Harbor is situated makai of
the Kealakehe Wastewater Treatment Plant. A resort development would not be appropriate at
this location. The Open designation would be consistent with the surroundings lands.
Modification: Combine Resort area with G -16a Resort area (6116/03 DLNR letter)
G -17a Initiation: Open to Urban Expansion Area (6/16103 DLNR letter)
Location: South of Honokohau Small Boat Harbor
G-18 Urban Expansion Area to Open
Location: Between Queen Kaahumanu Highway and Kealakehe High School
Rationale: The area makai of the Kealakehe High School is proposed as a municipal golf course
site and the Open designation will reflect this open recreational type use.
G-19 Industrial to Urban Expansion Area and Open
Location: Former Kona landfill site and the Kealakehe Police Station
Rationale. Similar to G-18 above, portion of this area is also part of the proposed municipal golf
course that will be placed in the Open category. The remaining area is designated Urban
Expansion Area. The old landfill site is no longer in operation.
G-20 Resort, Open, and Urban Expansion Area to Resort Node
Location: Kailua Village
Rationale: The new Resort Node applies to the Kailua-Kona Major Resort Destination Area.
G-21 Urban Expansion Area and Resort to Medium Density Urban
Location. Along both sides ofAlii Drive between Kahului Buy and the Holualoa Bay area
Rationale: The lands in this area are basically in higher density residential uses and some
limited commercial uses. These uses would be consistent with the Medium Density Urban
designation.
G-22 Urban Expansion Area to Low Density Urban
Location: Kona Chocho Subdivision along the west side of Palani Road and mauka of Kealakehe
Rationale: Lots in this subdivision are basically identified as low density residential in
character.
G-23 Urban Expansion Area to High Density Urban
Location: Makalapua Center area and extending south of Palani Drive
Rationale. This area includes part of the Makalapua Center and the Crossroads commercial
developments that are zoned for General Commercial uses. The High Density Urban category is
a more appropriate designation for the area.
G-24 Urban Expansion Area to Low Density Urban
Location: Makai of Kuakini Highway and north ofAlii Kai Subdivision
Rationale: The lands in the area are conducive for single family residential uses; thus, the Low
Density Urban designation would be more appropriate for the area.
15
G-25 Urban Expansion Area, Low Density Urban, and Orchards to Rural
Location: Area between mauka Holualoa Village and Kuakini Highway
Rationale: These lands are currently within the State Land Use Rural District.
Modification: Urban Expansion Area, Low Density Urban, and Orchards to Rural -
Agriculture
G-26 Orchards and Extensive Agriculture to Conservation
Location: Honuaula Forest Reserve area mauka of Kailua
Rationale: Consistent with the State Land Use Conservation District.
G-27 Medium Density Urban and Urban Expansion Area to Open
Location: Keakealaniwahine complex
Rationale: The Keakealaniwahine complex is being placed in the Open categoryfor its
protection from future development.
North Kona 4 Map (G-28 to G-33)
G-28 Urban Expansion Area to Medium Density Urban
Location. Along the northwest side of Kamehameha III Road at Keauhou
Rationale: Since the area is zoned for Multiple Residential use, the Medium Density Urban
designation would be appropriate.
G-29 Urban Expansion Area to Medium Density Urban, Low Density Urban and Open
Location: South and southeast side of Kamehameha III Road and mauka of the Alii Highway
extension at Keauhou
Rationale: The current zoning designations of these areas are consistent wit the propsed Low and
Medium Density Urban and Open designations.
G-30 Resort, Medium Density Urban, Urban Expansion Area, and Open to Resort Node
Location: Keauhou-Kona Resort
Rationale: The new Resort Nodes apply to the Keauhou Major Resort Area.
G-31 Orchards and Extensive Agriculture to Rural
Location: Keauhou mauka area along Mamalahoa Highway
Rationale: These lands situated at Keauhou Mauka are currently in the State Land Use Rural
District.
Modification: Orchards and Extensive Agriculture to Rural Agriculture
G-32 Orchards to Rural
Location: In the vicinity of Kona Hospital and north of the North-South Kona District boundary
Rationale: This area below the Mamalahoa Highway and the Kona Hospital is currently within
the State Land Use Rural District.
Modification: Orchards to Rural -Agriculture
G-33 Low Density Urban to Medium Density Urban
Location. Vicinity of Kona Hospital and north of the North-South Kona district boundary
Rationale: Most of the areas below the Kona Hospital and along both sides of the Mamalahoa
Highway are currently zoned and in commercial and multiple residential areas.
G-34 Initiation: Extensive Agriculture to Rural -Agriculture
Location: Hokulia
G-35 Initiation: Extensive Agriculture and Orchards to Extensive Agriculture
Location: Below (makai ofi the 1,000' elevation level generally. Above 1,000' elevation would
be in Kona coffee belt and, therefore, in Intensive Agriculture.
17
SOUTH KONA DISTRICT
South Kona 1 Map (H-1 to H-8)
H-1 Extensive Agriculture and Orchards to Conservation
Location: Around Kealakekua Bay and portion of the Keopuka property to the northwest
Rationale: Kealakekua Bay is one of the most important places on the island because of its
historical significance and value as a marine park The expanded conservation area will provide
additional protection to Kcalakekua Bay and to historical sites and burials located in the
proposed conservation area. Portions of the area are currently within the State Land Use
Conservation District.
Initiation: Extensive Agriculture and Orchards to Conservation.
Location: Keopuka
H -la Modification: Retain Extensive Agriculture.
Location: Kaawaloa
H -Ib Initiation: Extensive Agriculture to Rural -Agriculture
Location: Keopuka (A -la area)
H-2 Medium Density Urban to Low Density Urban
Location: Along the mauka side of Puuhonua Road in the vicinity of Kealakekua Bay
Rationale: The Low Density Urban designation would be more reflective of the current land use
activity of the area.
H-3 Low Density Urban to Open
Location: Makai of Puuhonua Road and south of Kealakekua Bay
Rationale: The area makai of the Puuhonua Road is designated Open to preserve the open
character and recreational potential of'the area.
H-4 Extensive Agriculture to Open
Location: Makai of Puuhonua Road and south to Kealakekua Bay
Rationale: Same reasons as noted in H-3 above.
H-5 Resort, Low and Medium Density Urban to Open
Location: Makai of Puuhonua Road and south of Kealakekua Bay
Rationale: Same reasons as noted in H-3 above. Furthermore, the lack of infrastructure to the
area would make the area unsuitable for higher density urban uses.
H-6 Low Density Urban and Open to Extensive Agriculture and Important Agricultural Land
Location: Mauka of Puuhonua Road and north of Keala O Keawe Road
Rationale: The lack of infrastructure to the area would not make the area feasihle for urban -type
uses.
Modification: Low Density Urban and Open to Extensive Agriculture
H-7 Extensive Agriculture to Rural
Location. Kealia
Rationale: The Kealia area is currently within the .State Land Use Rural District.
18
Modification: Extensive Agriculture to Rural -Agriculture
H -7a Initiation: Extensive Agriculture to Rural -Agriculture
Location: Captain Cook lands makai of Napoopoo Road (zoned RA and SLU Urban)
H-8 Orchards to Conservation
Location: Honaunau Forest Reserve Area
Rationale. Consistent with the State Land Use Conservation District.
South Kona 2 May (H-9 to H-110
H-9 Orchards and Extensive Agriculture to Conservation
Location: Hookena Mauka area
Rationale: Consistent with the State Land Use Conservation District.
H-10 Extensive Agriculture to Conservation
Location: South Kona Forest Reserve- Kaohe area
Rationale. Consistent with the State Land Use Conservation District.
H-11 Orchards and Extensive Agriculture to Conservation
Location: South Kona Forest Reserve-Honomalino Area
Rationale: Consistent with the State Land Use Conservation District.
i7
KA`U DISTRICT
Ka`u I Map (1-1 to I-7)
1-1 Extensive Agriculture and Orchards to Rural
Location: Hawaiian Ocean View Estates Subdivision
Rationale. The subdivisions at Ocean View are designated Rural to recognize their residential -
agricultural character.
Modification: Extensive Agriculture and Orchards to Rural -Agriculture
i-2 Extensive Agriculture to Urban Expansion Area
Location: Ocean View, makai side of the Hawaii Belt Road
Rationale: Additional lands are needed to accommodate future industrial, commercial, and
higher density residential uses at Ocean View.
I -2a Initiation: Extensive Agriculture to Urban Expansion
Location: Ocean View, mauka side of the Hawaii Belt Road across from I-2
1-3 Resort to Conservation
Location: Along the coastline and in the vicinity ofPohue Bay
Rationale: The area is within the State Land Use Conservation District. The original
designation of this 3, 000 + acre area was based upon a vision of a mega -resort that shows no
signs offeasibility. The owners have not returned to the State Land Use Commission after the
court remand of the original LUC boundary amendment petition. Although a lower key
development like a retreat resort might be feasible, it would be better to have that reviewed on its
own merits.
Modification: Retain Resort.
I-4 Industrial to Extensive Agricultural Land
Location: Midway between the Hawaii Belt Road and coastline in the land division of Kahuku
Rationale: This area was initially proposed as a private airport for the Hawaiian Riviera
project. However, it is felt that the industrial designation is no longer needed at this locution.
Modification: Retain Industrial
i-5 Low and Medium Density Urban to Extensive Agricultural Land
Location: Along the makai side of Hawaii Bell Road in the land division of Kahuku
Rationale: This area was initially proposed as a residential support communityfor the Hawaiian
Riviera project. However, it is felt that adequate lands are available at Ocean View.
Modification: Retain Low and Medium Density Urban
i-6 Open to Conservation
Location: South Point area
Rationale: The area is within the State Land Use Conservation District.
i-7 Extensive Agriculture and Orchards to Rural
Location: Mark Twain Estates and Discovery Harbor subdivisions
20
Rationale. Mark Twain Estates and Discovery Harbor are non -conforming subdivisions that
would be more appropriate within the Rural category.
Modification: Extensive Agriculture and Orchards to Rural -Agriculture
Ka`u 2 Mau (I-8 to I-14)
I-8 Extensive Agriculture to Conservation
Location: Makai of the Hawaii Belt Road between Honuapo and Punaluu
Rationale. The area is within the State Land Use Conservation District.
Modification: Retain Extensive Agriculture
1-9 Urban Expansion Area to Extensive Agricultural Land
Location: East gfNaalehu
Rationale: There is ample land within Naalehu to accommodate future developments.
Modification: Retain Urban Expansion Area
I-10 Low Density Urban to Industrial
Location: Naalehu
Rationale: The area is currently zoned and used for industrial -commercial purposes.
Initiate: Low Density Urban to Medium Density Urban
I-11 Urban Expansion Area to Medium Density Urban
Location: Naalehu
Rationale: The existing Medium Density Urban is extended to include additional lands zoned for
higher density residential uses.
I-12 Urban Expansion Area to Low Density Urban
Location: West of the Naalehu commercial area
Rationale: These lands are in single family residential uses and therefore, should he more
appropriately designated Low Density Urban.
I-13 Orchards to Urban Expansion Area
Location: Waiohinu Area
Rationale: Provision of additional land area for urban uses.
1-14 Orchards, Extensive Agriculture and Intensive Agriculture to Conservation
Location. Ka'u Forest Reserve-Mauka of Waiohinu, Naalehu, and Pahala
Rationale: Consistent with the State Land Use Conservation District.
Ka`u 3 Map (I-15 to I-16)
I-15 Low Density Urban to Industrial
Location. Pahala, adjacent to the former mill site
Rationale. Additional Industrial lands are provided adjacent to the old sugar mill at Pahala to
accommodate future industrial uses.
I-16 Orchards, Extensive Agriculture, and Intensive Agriculture to Conservation
21
Location: Ka'u Forest Reserve-Mauka of Pahala and the Kapapala Ranch
Rationale: Consistent with the State Land Use Conservation District.
Ka'u 4 Map (I-17 to I-18)
I-17 Orchards and Extensive Agriculture to Conservation
Location: Ka'u Forest Reserve -Northeast of Pahala
Rationale: Consistent with the State Land Use Conservation District.
I-18 Extensive Agriculture to Conservation
Location: Kapapala Forest Reserve
Rationale: Consistent with the State Land Use Conservation District.
FACILITIES MAPS
Modify: Roadways Maps A, B, C, D, E, F, G (7/22/03 Planning Director letter)
Modify: Transportation -Roadway
D & E. Transportation -Roadways
Action: Retain Government Beach Road in Puna
Modify: Public Utilities: Electricity Map (7/22/03 Planning Director letter)
Initiate: Other: Natural Beauty Areas
22
STATE OF HAWAI `n ....COUNTY OF HAWAII
Bill 163
Draft 2
(RAMSEYERVERSION
(UNOFFICIAL)
AN ORDINANCE ADOPTING THE COUNTY OF HAWAII GENERAL PLAN AND
REPEALING NO. 89-142, AS AMENDED.
BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAWAII:
SECTION 1. Purpose. [it is the pur-pose -A--t by eFdifianee a general Phim
.] The purpose of this ordinance is to adopt a
General Plan in compliance with Chapter 46-4, Hawaii Revised Statutes, and Section 3-15, Hawaii
County Charter. That is, the General Plan is a long-range policy document with a planning horizon of at
least 20 years. The General Plan contains value -based principles from which island -wide and geographic
district vision statements are expressed. Vision statements articulate those issues and matters that are
vital to defining the past, present and future direction of the community. Vision statements capture the
character of the island or district community, and express the role and responsibilities important to its
involvement in the greater community. Vision statements, together with the objectives and policies of
seven planning elements are intended to guide, not regulate, future planning and implementation efforts.
Through technology,the world has become smaller and while once isolated, our island state continual)
experiences the stresses of growth and population. The General Plan establishes a framework for greater
responsiveness by eMphasi.zing program implementation and regglatory mechanisms at the next plannin
levels. The General Plan recognizes that public infrastructure and commensurate financingare re essential
to preserving and sustaining our community visions. The adoption of the General Plan is a commitment
to its citizens and our future.
SECTION 2. [ '
SECTION 3. e�. s. The followifig, Assumptiens were the basis bywhiek
!he Gener-ai Plan was developed�
1, Agr-ie$
yeaFs,.At best. employment in the sugar- iRdUSIFY iS PFE�eeted to deeiine �iowly if nor -mal attrition thr-eugh
The General Plan for the County of Hawaii is hereby adopted as follows:
COUNTY OF HAWAII GENERAL PLAN
CHAPTER I. GENERAL PLAN REQUIREMENTS
The Countv of Hawaii is mandated to prepare and adopt a General Plan pursuant to Chapter 46-4,
Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS), and Section 3-15, Hawaii County Charter.
Chapter 46-41 HRS, states, in part:
"Zoning ill counties shall be accomplished within the framework of a long-range,
comprehensive general plan prepared or being prepared to guide the overall future development
of the county. Zoning shall be one of the tools available to the county to put the general plan into
effect in an orderly manner."
Section 3-15, Hawai `i County Charter, reads:
"The county council shall adopt by ordinance a general plan which shall set forth the Council's
policy for long-range comprehensive physical development of the County. It shall contain a
statement of development objectives, standards and principles with respect to the most desirable
use of land within the County for residential, recreational, agricultural, commercial, industrial,
and other purposes which shall be consistent with proper conservation of natural resources and
the preservation of our natural beauty and historical sites; the most desirable density of population
in the several parts of the County; a system of principal thoroughfares, highways, streets, public
access to the shoreline, and other open spaces: the general locations, relocations and improvement
of public buildings; the general location and extent of public utilities and terminals, whether
publicly or privately owned, for water, sewers, light power, transit and other purposes; the extent
and location of public housing_ projects; adequate drainage facilities and control; air pollution; and
such other matters as may, in the Council's judgment be beneficial to the social economic, and
governmental conditions and trends and shall be designed to assure the coordinated development
of the County and to promote the general welfare and prosperity of its people
(a) The Council shall enact zoning, subdivision, and other such ordinances which shall
contain the necessary provisions to carryout the purpose of the General Plan
(b) No public improvement, project, subdivision, or zoning ordinances shall be initiated or
adopted unless the same conforms to and implements the General Plan.
(c) Amendments to the General Plan may be initiated by the Council or the Planning
Director."
CHAPTER Il. GENERAL PLAN PROGRAM
PART 1. INTRODUCTION
The County of Hawai`i's General Plan is the policy document for the long-range comprehensive
development of the island of Hawaii. The General Plan states the County's island -wide and district
visions for development over a period of at least 20 years and lays out the direction for achieving those
visions through stated objectives, policies and standards. It is, therefore, not intended to be regulatory
like the zoning code or other land use regulations, but flexible and resilient. The purspose of the General
Plan is to guide the form of future development, provide general direction and location of public facilities
and services provide the framework for re ug latory matters, and establish the foundation for future
community planning.
Preparation of the General Plan and its revisions shall provide the opportunity for citizen participation,
review, and understanding.
The essence of the General Plan is articulated in an island -wide vision statement and district vision
statements. The island -wide vision statement expresses fundamentals that are important to our citizens
and applied to the entire island. District vision statementsprovidea view of those aspects citizens have
identified as important to preserve, enhance, supportand encourage within each geographical district.
Vision statements are vital to understanding district community goals, the district's interrelationship with
other districts and the desirable direction for land use.
The General Plan contains the following elements around which the planning process is formulated:
Economic; Historic Sites;® Housing; Infrastructure; Land Use; Natural Beauty, Resources and
Environmental Ouality, and Natural Hazards. Taken together with the island -wide and district vision
statements, each element's objectives, policies, and standards are intended to guide future actions of the
Countv and its programs, to focus the substance of development plans, and to direct funding towards
riority public projects.
Each element contains objectives, policies, and, if appropriate, standards described below:
Objective: Indicates a desired long_ -range goal or direction.
Policy: States the method or strategy that should be undertaken to attain the
stated objectives.
Standard: Means a degree or level of requirement; a criterion As used in this
document a standard is to be applied as a guideline rather than a strict
regulatory measurement.
The General Plan vision objectives and policies are graphically depicted in the General Plan Land Use
Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map The LUPAG Map_ demonstrates the geographic areas of the
County, which are meant for various general purposes, such as urban communities resorts conservation
open space, rural areas, and different degrees of agricultural -related activities. The LUPAG Map is
intended to guide, not regulate, land use forms.
The General Plan Facilities Mans show general locations of public and private facilities and utilities and
existing and proposed transportation networks. Other informational maps and tables include lava hazard
zones, government-owned lands, historic sites, and military installations. The General Plan Facilities
Maps and other maps and tables are to be used for informational purposes only, may be periodically
updated, and are included by reference.
PART 2. GENERAL PLAN PROGRAM FRAMEWORK
The framework of the General Plan program consists of three components:
1. General Plan. The General Plan represents the first level of planning and encompasses
long-range objectives, policies and standards for the entire County. It provides the lei
basis for all of the other components of the County's planning program. These broad
objectives and policies direct the focus for more detailedlap nning programs and their
implementation.
2. Development plans. The second component consists of middle range development plans
that implement the broad goals within the General Plan. Development plans focus on
action in that they serve to designate and coordinate detailed development patterns and
infrastructure needs in a specificgraphic area of the County. Development plans may
include public facility plans or functional plans. Public facility or functional plans are
prepared for a public service system, such as solid waste management recreation, or
roadway circulation. It is not mandatory but important that there be a development plan
for each region or district. Depending upon its pumose, a development1p anmay be
limited in scope, which may largely be determined by time funding community_ input
needs and priorities. It may contain guidance on one or more planning elements as it
relates to desirable land use. A planning element of an area may include roadway
system, flooding and drainage control, wastewater facilities, or even architectural design
The need for a development plan should be assessed considering a number of factors
such as the degree to which public infrastructure is challenged by recent or anticipated
growth. The Council, the Planning Director or a County department/agency responsible
for a function/public facility, with the consent of the Council, may initiate a development
plan by resolution.
When a development plan provides direction for more specific land use actions within an
urban, rural oragricultural form, the General Plan designations will be subject to the
specific development plan direction and shall be considered only as the general land use
policy guide.
A development plan shall identify the following:
Financing program. A financing_ program contains financing strategies and
mechanisms by which the public infrastructure will be funded. Examples of
financing mechanisms include tax increment financing districts impact fees
general orspecial pulp ose revenue bonds, community facilities districts and
improvement districts. Utilized in coniunction with Federal and State grants-in-
aid, development agreements, and other creative sources of funding, these
financing mechanisms will supplement the capital improvements program to
successfully implement the middle -range planningefforts.
Public facility priorities for the financing program.
Regulatory actions needed by government to implement the development plan
A development plan may identify
Incentive measures to encourage private participation in achieving objectives
relating to public infrastructure and services.
Public orpublic/private development initiatives when the private market fails to
address certain needs—low-income housing or urban redevelopment for
example.
Operational programs by government and the community's role in planning and
implementing the programs. Examples include an after-school program
neighborhood watch program or mediation training_ program.
3. Implementation and Regulation. The third General Plan program component
encompasses specific mechanisms to implement the long- and medium -range plans.
Typically, implementation will be achieved through the zoning and subdivision codes
operating and capital budgets, development agreements, and various regulatory laws.
The capital improvement budget contains public improvements and facilities to
accommodate the anticipated growth and the County operational budget contains funding
for programs and services. Capital funding for specific public projects may be derived
from establishment of specific improvement districts, adoption of impact fees or taxes, or
issuance of bonds to name a few financing mechanisms.
Linking the priority capital projects in a development plan with successful financing
pram brings a plan closer to reality_
PART 3. GENERAL PLAN REVIEW
Although the General Plan proiects desired growth over a long-term period spanning at least twentv vears
the County Council shall determine on ten-year intervals whether the General Plan and land use pattern
allocations should be comprehensively reviewed. If undertaken, such review would consider the elements
of the General Plan and, whether, in light of certain substantial changes in economic conditions or trends,
different levels of community needs have emerged that should be addressed through amendments.
General Plan amendment procedures are set forth in the Hawaii County Code.
CHAPTER III. THE COUNTY OF HAWAII
PART 1. OUR ISLAND
The County of Hawai'i encompasses the island of Hawaii, which is the southeasternmost largest and
youngest island of the Hawaiian archipelago. The land area, 2,578,048 acres, is at least twice the
combined land area of all -the -other islands of the State.
The County is divided into nine geographical or judicial districts: Puna (319,680 acres) South Hilo
(252,416 acres), North Hilo (2.06,400 acres), Hamakua (371,520 acres), North Kohala (85,056 acres)
South Kohala (225,088 acres), North Kona (312,960 acres), South Kona (214,656 acres) and Ka'u
(590,272 acres). Each district, while unique, is economically, socially, culturally, and environmental
interrelated to one another.
The County's resident population was 148,677 in 2000, more than doubling the number of residents in
1970 (63.468). The County's resident population is estimated to be 217,718 by the year 2020.
PART 2. PRINCIPLES
Our citizens are the heart of our community. Its residents are a ixture of many cultures and backgrounds
who value the legacies left by those who have come before them. They respect the personal rights of
others, the family and the unique gifts and talents of individual community members. There is a
commitment to safeguard our island and its non-renewable natural resources forrplesent and future
generations. At the same time, the community's economic, educational and physical infrastructure must
be sound to sustain the quality of life our citizens desire.
PART 3. ISLAND -WIDE VISION STATEMENT
The County of Hawaii is an attractive community where cultural, social and economic diversity is
accepted and respected, where the natural beauty and the ahupua'a land system is part of our island and
treated as valued resources, where desired growth of the county is balanced with responsible resource
management, where people feel safe and secure, where physical infrastructure and public services to
support residents and visitors are planned and developed with the consequences of past and future actions
in mind, where sustainability is a shared responsibility, and where mind, bodyand nd spirit are nurtured.
PART 4. DISTRICT VISION STATEMENTS
SECTION 1. PUNA DISTRICT VISION STATEMENT
The Puna District is characterized by agricultural activities,rg_owing rural residential subdivisions
formin bedroom edroom communities, small-scale visitor or visitor -generated activities, rugged unspoiled
coastlines a low -land rainforest known as Wao Kele 'O Puna an active volcano within the Hawaii
Volcanoes National Park, and geothermal resources. Existing communities will be strengthened to
provide some measure of commercial goods and services, and a new commercial core in Puna Makai to
service a number of existing subdivisions containing an existing stock of 57,000+ buildable lots may
established. There are distinct planned or natural boundaries that emerge between communities.
Keaau and Pahoa serve as the principal areas for goods and services for Puna Mauka and Puna Makai,
respectively. New urban centers are located near large subdivisions in Puna Makai to provide goods and
services to the residents of Puna Makai. Small scale visitor accommodations including bed and breakfast
operations and a hotel property within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park with related uses are offered.
Medium scale resort amenities provide a cultural experience to visitors. Commercial and residential
growth within existing villages, such as Keaau, Kurtistown, Mountain View, Glenwood Volcano and
Pahoa, are encouraged and may be expanded.
Low density rural and agricultural uses dominate the landscape between existing communities.
Industrial activities related to the geothermal resource may established.
Open space corridor along the Volcano Highway and the Puna coastline promote a rural/agricultural
ambiance.
State Highway 130, which serves residents of Puna Mauka and Puna Makai, is widened to four lanes from
the Keaau Bypass to Hawaiian Paradise Park.
A new State highway between Puna and Hilo is constructed to provide an alternate route for the safety of
the residents of Puna Mauka and Puna Makai.
An emergency access route, known as the Puna Emergency Access Road runningthrough the Hawaiian
Acres and Ainaloa subdivisions, is improved to insure access of emergency vehicles and provides an
alternate route for residents in both Puna Mauka and Puna Makai.
Water resources to Puna Mauka and Puna Makai provide an alternate distribution method, such as
franchised trucking operations.
Historic non-renewable cultural resources are protected and preserved. This area contains remnants of
villages, heiaus, burials, and other important components of Hawaiian culture.
SECTION 2. SOUTH HILO DISTRICT VISION STATEMENT
The South Hilo District serves as the major economic hub of East Hawaii fueled by the island's principal
government functions, the University of Hawaii, a robust scientific and research base, agricultural support
such as shipping and processing, and visitor amenities. Its deep -water port and international airport drive
the economic base. The City of Hilo is a pedestrian -friendly urban community with pockets of sub-
communities providingbasicgoods and services. The outlying rural areas with planned or natural
boundaries serve as self-contained communities built around small-scale agricultural activities and
secondarily as bedroom communities.
CITY OF HILO
The maior commercial retail and office functions are within existing corridors and expanded as follows:
• Primary commercial core mauka (west) and south of Downtown and Kaiko`o and in the
vicinity of the Prince Kuhio Shopping Center.
• Secondary commercial uses in and around the University area to foster the creation of a
"College -Friendly Town".
Industrial uses are within existing industrial -designated areas, with heavy industrial uses to be generally
near the airport and immediate surrounding areas and at Shipman Industrial Park in Keaau. Light
industrial areas will be within existing designated areas and may be expandedrag dually in the Waiakea
Houselots area.
Principal resort accommodations are located along Banyan Drive with small scale visitor
accommodations, such as B&B's and inns, within the urban core and in outlying areas
Residential uses will continue in existing areas and will expand through a mixture of residential
uses/types generally in the Waiakea Uka and Kaumana areas with appropriate land uses and visual
characteristics to foster a sense of community.
Open space along natural drainage wage maintained to facilitate flood plain management
Bayfront Parks, Banyan Drive, and the Keaukaha coast serve as natural outdoor recreation areas for both
active and passive activities.
RURAL SOUTH HILO
Existing communities are fostered by providing supportive land uses.
Rural/agricultural uses and drainageways provide open spaces between existing communities
SECTION 3. NORTH HILO AND HAMAKUA DISTRICT VISION STATEMENTS
The districts of North Hilo and Hamakua have an economy_ focused largely on small- and large-scale
agriculture and retreat visitor uses. The dominant towns are Laupahoehoe for North Hilo and Honokaa
for Hamakua. North Hilo and Hamakua are characterized by densely vegetated gulches and valleys
interspersed with large tracts of agricultural land much of which was formerly in sugar production This
district includes the spectacular mountain of Mauna Kea and the magnificent valley of Waipi`o
Existing communities are strengthened by providing for supportive land uses. Regional commercial uses
may be established in Honokaa and Laupahoehoe.
Rural/agricultural uses are situated between existing communities providing distinct planned or natural
boundaries. Forestry and the native hardwood industries are supported.
The utilization of Mauna Kea for astronomical research is supported at restricted levels and limited visitor
facilities are allowed.
The economic base is diversified and historical assets of the area, including existing ranching operations
and the former sugar industry, are enhanced. Small farmers and ranchers are important to revitalizing the
agricultural economy. The historic Hamakua ditch is revitalized to provide water for farms and ranches.
Businesses are encouraged to maintain the plantation heritage of the area to attract and educate the visitor
industry. Honokaa strives to preserve much of its historical, architectural character and lifestyle.
Laupahoehoe has an historic train museum and scenic walking trail.
Bed and breakfast establishments and small historic hotels are available.
SECTION 4. NORTH KOHALA DISTRICT VISION STATEMENT
The North Kohala District is a rural -agricultural community with vast open spaces. Ranching dominates
much of the lands, providing open space and scenic vistas. Urban centers include Hawi Kapaau Niulii
and Kohala Ranch. The North Kohala District serves as the northernag teway to the Kohala Mountains
and its isolated valleys. Kohala is rich in historic resources from the birthplace of Kamehameha I and
early Hawaiian settlements to early Christian churches.
Coastal vistas makai of Akoni-Pule highway from Kohala Ranch area to Upolu Point and along_coastal
areas from Upolu Point to Pololu Valley provide meaningful open space.
New urban development is centered around existing urban areas of Hawi Kapaau and Niulii including
expansion of commercial uses in these areas to accommodate population.
Increased employment opportunities are available for the residents of North Kohala by including small-
scale development of resort/tourism based activities such as eco -tours, bed and breakfast and retreat
centers, in appropriate areas.
Affordable housing opportunities accommodate the existing community around the villa es of Hawi and
Ka aau.
Access to coastal areas, including fishing and surfing: sites as well as to mountain areas are maintained in
keeping with the protection/appropriate use of resources.
Kohala Mountain Road provides unique scenic vistas and open space.
The individual identities and characteristics of villages along Akoni-Pule Highway are retained and
enhanced by clear limits to development areas and open space guidelines between existing_ villages.
Historic buildings are preserved and the style of historic commercial buildings are retained in new
development in the villages.
SECTION 5. SOUTH KOHALA DISTRICT VISION STATEMENT
The South Kohala District is dominated by the Kohala Mountains to the north and Mauna Kea to the
south. The South Kohala District will remain as one of the world's premier resort destinations. The
South Kohala District will continue as the ranching center of the island with vast open spaces and truck
farming will be encouraged in productive areas. South Kohala's coastal areas are characterized by white
sand beaches. A greenbelt open space provides the separation between Waikoloa Village and Waimea.
The hillside above Waimea remains in open space, providing a clear boundary to the village and a scenic
resource to the community.
Waimea continues to expand as the commercial, educational, health, and service center for the North
Hawaii region. The town center is oriented around the Mamalahoa Highway/Lindsey Road intersection
area and will stay within the limits established by Fukushima store on the east and the Puuopelu complex
on the west.'
Ranching dominates the landscape and provides open space/vistas around Waimea.
Premier resort facilities in the coastal areas provide opportunities for both visitors and residents.
The coastal areas are enhanced for public access and use. Ohaiula, Hapuna State Park and Puako
recreational area is a world-class beach/coastal recreational area.
Waimea is an important agricultural area. The farmlands along Mamalahoa Highway and the Lalamilo
area are protected.
A "greenway" system within Waimea provides alternative transportation modes to accommodate bikers
walkers and horses.
Kawajhae Commercial Harbor is improved to accommodate needs of West Hawaii as well as to ensure
that non-commercial boating ses are accommodated/expanded
Waikoloa Village is an emerging residential and commercial center. A full range of services provides for
the needs of the residents in the area.
SECTION 6. NORTH KONA VISION STATEMENT
The Kona district continues to be known for its sunny skies beautiful vistas and pristine waters as well
as diversified agriculture, historic and cultural resources, casual lifestyle and friendly residents
The land north of Keahole is characterized by open space and low density uses with public shoreline
parks and access points. Resorts and related uses are located at Maninjowali Kukio and Kau ulehu
Residential uses are concentrated in the urban areas between Queen Ka`ahumanu and Mamalahoa
Highways.
From Keahole to Keauhou, the land is characterized by urban uses interspersed with open space and
public shoreline accesses. Economic centers are located in areas adjacent to Queen Ka`ahumanu
Highway. Historic Kailua Village and Bay serve as the traditional residential economic and recreational
hub, although expansion of Honokohau Harbor, development of nearby business parks including the
unique Hawaii Ocean and Science Technology Park, coupled with expanded civic commercial
residential, educational and recreational facilities, especially north of Kailua provide improved
opportunities for residents and visitors alike.
Residents and visitors enjoy access to traditional shoreline and mountain areas. A ribbon of public
recreational opportunities extend from Kailua to Kiholo and beyond.
Affordable housing is available within and close to the urban core and employment centers.
Adequate and concurrent public infrastructure facilities are available throughout the district including
safe and up-to-date roadways, public safety services, along with recreational, educational civic and
medical facilities.
Alternative and accessible public transportation is available not only in the urban core but also to the
nearby and outlying residential areas, with Kailua serving as the system hub. Pedestrian and bicycle
pathways are part of the urban area roadway corridors, with traditional and publicly -owned mauka-makai
trails utilized to maintain local communis contacts and provide recreational opportunities.
Areas mauka of Mamalahoa Highway are characterized by large forested tracts open space, large 5+ acre
agricultural lots and low-density residential use, offering important protection of the Kona watershed and
its recharge areas. As part of this protection, natural drainageways below Mamalahoa Highway are
identified and set aside as open space.
The mauka communities along the heritage corridor between Keopu and Kealakekua continue to offer
traditional and longstanding _residential -agricultural opportunities with smaller 1-5 acre farms in the
coffee belt adjacent to and below Mamalahoa Highway.
SECTION 7. SOUTH KONA DISTRICT VISION STATEMENT
H
The South Kona District has an economic base that is primarily agricultural focusing on coffee
macadamia nuts, and diversified crops. It has g_uiet rural communities with services/commercial areas
geared to the local community. The upland.areas are characterized by native forests and ranching South
Kona history provides religious, social and political significance before and after the arrival of Captain
Cook at Kealakekua Bay. Rugged coastal areas in South Kona limit accessibilitY.
Commercial activities are centered around existing villages along Mamalahoa Highway. Limited
expansion of residential and commercial services accommodate the growing community The individual
identities and characteristics of these villages are retained and enhanced by clear limits to development
areas and open space guidelines between existing villages.
Limited new commercial uses serve existing population/subdivisions to the south of Kealakekua
The coastal villages, including Napoopoo, Keei, Honaunau and Hookena retain and enhance their unique
lifestyles and character.
The upland areas, including native forests and ranching areas as well as the undeveloped wild coastal
areas south of Hookena, serve as open space resources.
The transportation system will be improved to accommodate the inter -regional traffic from the growing
communities to the south.
Kealakekua Bay State Park is a world-class facility. The coastal area between Kealakekua Bay and North
Kona boundary is in open space and is accessible to the public.
The rural lifestyle of South Kona is retained and enhanced with commercial development being limited to
existing urban centers and by limiting urban density development in the rural/agricultural areas.
Fishing and ocean -based industries are encouraged.
SECTION 8. KA`U DISTRICT VISION STATEMENT
The Ka`u District's economy is focused on small- and large-scale agriculture, including ranching, with
pockets of small- to large-scale tourism. Internationally renowned Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
(HVNP) stretches from the former Kahuku Ranch to the northern border with Puna. This 300,000+ park
is the most visited park in Hawaii with a large hotel and visitor complex. Punaluu Beach with its small
black sand beach is also a maior attraction for both local residents and visitors. Pahala has a rapidly
growing visitor industry serviced by bed and breakfast operations. The existing communities of Pahala,
Naalehu, and Hawaiian Ocean View Estates and pockets of sub -communities provide goods and services
as desired by local residents and visitors. The Ocean View community serves as another gateway
community to HVNP. The Hawaiian Homelands Commission is providing new residential lots to
Hawaiians in Punaluu, Discovery_Harbor and in the south point area.
Principal commercial goods and services are provided by the three major communities of Ocean View,
Naalehu and Pahala.
Unanticipated industrial uses are accommodated to help diversifyand support the area's economy,
provided the affected communities are materially involved in the decision-making process_
Residential uses within existing communities and in and around existing and potential economic
generators are established.
Permit new bona fide agricultural subdivisions that are built to standard
Very low-density rural and agricultural uses are encouraged to exist between communities
Reliable potable and agricultural water sources an systems and infrastructure are developed for existing
residents.
Historic non-renewable cultural resources are protected and preserved This area contains some of the
least disturbed remnants of villages heiaus burials and other important components of Hawaiian culture
Public ownership of County parks are pursued to guarantee recreational resources for future generations.
Punaluu Park is publicly -owned so that natural features and wildlife habitat are protected or enhanced
Whittington Beach Park is expanded with adequate open space available for residents
-hall PFE)Vide]
CHAPTER III. GENERAL PLAN ELEMENTS
PART 1. ECONOMIC ELEMENT
Development of sound public policy requires an understanding of the economic factors affecting the
planning area or region. Such factors are largely_ responsible forrog wth or lack of growth and any
planning effort must take them into account. In varying degrees the other elements of the planning
process are affected by the economy,
ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES
[Provide residents with opportunities to improve their quality of life.]
• [The County shall provide] Provide an economic environment [which! that allows new,
expanded, or improved [eeeneffk+opportunities that are [eempa4bkq with the County's physical,
cultural, natural and social environment.
Strive for diversification and stability in the economy by strengthening existing industries and
attracting new endeavors.
• Promote and develop the island of Hawaii into a unique scientific and cultural model
ECONOMIC POLICIES
12
• [
t
t
. The Count), ef Hawaii A-11
the &ipansien
g
ef the fzesear-c-h and development
pr-OgFaMS developed to aid the Geunty
. The Geunty shall FeqUiFO a stud), E)f
The County of Hawaii shall strive
industries and attmeting new endeaver-s.
and ether- f+esh and eeeafi water- based
. The Count), of Hawaii shall study
and industrial areas.
. The Count), of Hawaii's land, water-,
USe Of e ...:.,o
af-��
the significant seeial
fef diYOFSifiC-a6Ofl Of itS
aetivities.
the feasibility ef establishing
air., sea, and people
and physic-al impaet of large
ONi
,
a business &N,elepmefit lea*
shall be eensider-ed as essential eeonofnie
13
• Assist in the expansion of the agricultural industEy through:
(1) The identification and protection of important agricultural lands by the State
(2) Development of marketing plans and programs, including the recognition of products produced
on the island of Hawaii.
(3) Cooperative marketing and distribution endeavors for export and the removal of marketing
restrictions on Hawaiian fruits and other perishables.
(4) The development of overseas capacity of Hilo International Airport
(5) Capital improvements and continued cooperation with appropriate State and Federal agencies.
• Encourage the expansion of the research and development industry by working with and
supporting the University of Hawaii at Hilo and West Hawaii, the Natural Energy Laboratory at
Hawaii Authority and other agencies and organizations.
• Encourage the development of a visitor industry that is in harmony with the social physical and
economic poals of the residents of the County.
• Encourage the sustainable development of the fishing industry, various forms of aquaculture and
fresh and sea water-based activities.
• Support educational, employment and training_opportunities and institutions
•
Support a capital improvements program to improve the quality of existing commercial and
industrial areas, as appropriate.
• Identify and encourage primary industries that are consistent with the social physical and
economic goals of the residents of the County.
• Promote a distinctive identity for the island of Hawaii to enable government business and travel
industries to promote the County of Hawaii as an entity unique within the State of Hawaii
14
Identify the needs of the business communityand support actions that are necessary to improve
the business climate.
•
Encourage rograms and activities that support appropriate emerging industries on the island of
Hawaii, such as the health and wellness sector, the retirement industry, advanced and high
technology, and the film and video industry.
15
IGS
rr Cl'for-m Pfainage StandaMs,rr Countyof
Hawaii, etaabe , 1(]7Hs Fe Vises.
n
e s of the Hawaii CeuRty Code.
- Applic-able standards and r-egulations of
nn
Chapter- 10 e Of the
GOALS
i
Aeeess te signifieant hisiefic sites, buildings
—,,t -,l -- ------- , , t -JA I- --A
17
Poic—EES
keep the publie apprised efiwojeets,
The County of Hawaii shall FOql-';--- 1-38+11 --l'i
hisfor-kal survey pf:ieF io the elear-ing, or-
land Was
Publi fie sites and
The County of Hawmi 111-11 --lbafli on a pr-ogr-afn
sites on othef publie lands,
The County of Haul—; lh-11 ---E-)UFage the r-estaFation
- The County of Hawaii sh-11 __11__+ --d- distf:ibuie
mien , 4h rl.o Cr.,ro he ..♦ ; .,r,.
__S ---- --- histor-ie sites, buildings and objeets
of the
The shall develop a
STANDARDS
of land when !here ar in-iie'-wiensth-At
shall b -e ac-quiFed.
Of FOSIOT-ifig sigfiifieamt historic- sites on Geunty
ef signific-an; sites on priN,ate lands,
histerie sites Of publie inteftst e*d4;ff-
of sire
s.
shall be in keepiRg with the character- of
e evaluate the signific-anee-ef4i4eTie
18
PART 2. HISTORIC SITES
The identity of a community evolves from the past. The Historic Sites Element encompasses our historic
past and the recent past, which has seen the immigration of various ethnic groups that have blended to
create today's Hawaii.
HISTORIC SITES OBJECTIVES
• Identify, protect, and restore the sites, buildings, and objects of significant historical and cultural
importance to Hawaii.
• Appropriate access to significant historic sites, buildings, and objects of public interest should be
made available.
• Encourage a program to inform the public about the history, resources and practices of the
Hawaiian Islands.
HISTORIC SITES POLICIES
• Develop policies to recognize and protect traditional and customary native Hawaiian rights as
provided by law.
• Support the state in its inventory of historic sites and places, public educational programs,
evaluation of the significance of historic sites, and establishment of Hawaiian Heritage Corridors.
• Agencies and organizations, either public or private, pursuing knowledge about historic sites
should keep the public apprised ofprojects.
• Amend appropriate ordinances to incorporate the stewardship and protection of historic sites,
buildings and objects.
• Require both public and private developers of land to provide historical and archaeological
surveys and cultural assessments, where appropriate, prior to the clearing or development of land
when there are indications that the land under consideration has historical significance.
• Public access to significant historic sites and objects shall be acquired, where appropriate.
• Establish aerogram to restore significant historic sites on County lands. Assure the protection
and restoration of sites on other public lands through a joint effort with the State.
• Encourage the restoration of significant sites on private lands.
• Support programs to limit public information on the location of historically -sensitive sites.
IN
Encourage the provision of signs explaining historic sites buildings and objects that are in
keeping with the character of the area or the cultural aspects of the feature
Encourage the incorporation of certain natural features important to Hawaiian culture in land use
planning.
PART 3. HOUSING ELEMENT
In an economic setting, the construction of housing is an essential contributor to business industry and
employment. The location of housing on the other hand is dependent upon the location of other economic
and employment opportunities, such as agriculture or resort developments
In the physical setting, housing and its residential land use component utilize a significant portion of the
County's urban lands. The placement or settlementap tterns and the form of housing are major influences
on the environment and aesthetic setting of the island.
From government's perspective adequate housing for residents is part of the considerations of public
health, welfare and safety. Housing and residential use of land is a generator of government revenue
through local real property taxes. The revenues are balanced by significant expenditures of public funds
for roads schools protective services and other ca ip•tal improvement projects that service residential
areas. Thus, the provision of housingrete uires the coordination of planning and implementation on all
levels of government.
The availability of housing is dependent on a number of interrelated factors including the availability of
appropriately zoned land and infrastructure, and the cost of raw land and its development The Housing
Element must consider future costs of constructing a house and the ability of individuals to purchase or
rent these units. Government housing _prog ams therefore,. influence and are influenced by the diverse
needs of our residents.
In the collective sense, the Housing Element is related to all other elements of the General Plan It is most
directly related to the Land Use Element. Moreover, the Housing Element is directly influenced by the
County's desired growth directions.
HOUSING OBJECTIVES
• Attain safe, sanitary, and livable housing for the residents of the County of Hawaii
• Maintain a diversity of socio-economic housing mix throughout the different parts of the
County.
• Create viable communities with affordable housing and suitable living environments
• Improve and maintain the quality and affordability of the existing housing inventory_
• Seek sufficient production of new affordable rental and fee -simple housing in a variety of
sizes to satisfactorily accommodate the needs and desires of families and individuals
• Ensure that housing is available to all persons regardless of age sex marital status ethnic
background, and income.
20
• Locate affordable housing in reasonable proximity to employment centers
• Encourage and expand home ownership opportunities for residents.
HOUSING POLICIES
• Formulate a program for housing that identifies s-pecific mechanisms to implement the
housing objectives, and adopt ordinances and rules to assure their execution.
• Utilize housing powers and programs to accomplish housing, objectives and seek out new
programs and resources to address the housing needs of the residents.
• Support programs that improve, maintain, and rehabilitate the existing housing inventory to
maintain the viability -of existing communities.
• Encourage a volume of construction and rehabilitation of housing sufficient to meetrg owth
needs and correct existing deficiencies.
• Industries or developments that create a demand for housing s� hall provide employee housing
based upon a ratio to be determined by an analysis of the locality's needs.
• Initiate and participate in activities with the private sector including the provision of
leadership and expertise to neighborhoods and nonprofit organizations in the development of
housing and community development projects.
• Investigate, develop, and promote the creation of new innovative and time] f�ncLn�
techniques and programs to reduce the cost of housing.
• Encourage the use of suitable public lands for housing purposes in fee or lease.
• Promote research and development of methods, programs, and activities including the review
of regulatory requirements and procedures as they affect housing to reduce the costs
consistent with the public health, safety and welfare.
• Utilize financingtechniques echniques that reduce the cost of housing including the issuance of tax-
exempt bonds and the implementation of interim financing programs.
• Encourage corporations and nonprofit organizations to participate in Federal, State and
private programs to provide new and rehabilitated housing for low- and moderate -income
families.
• Increase rental opportunities and choices in terms of quality, cost, amenity, style and size of
housing, especially for low- and moderate -income households.
• Ensure that adequate infrastructure is available in appropriate locations to support the timely
development of affordable housing_
• Investigate the use of the County's taxing powers as a possible means to increase the supply
of affordable housing.
21
• Work with, encourage and support private sector efforts in the provision of affordable
housing.
• Encourage the construction of specially designed facilities or communities for elderly persons
needing institutional care and small home care units for active elderly persons
• Accommodate the housing requirements of special need groups includingthe he elderly
handicapped, homeless, and those residents in rural areas.
• Encourage the development of affordable retirement communities
PART 4. INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT
A. PUBLIC FACILITIES
Public facilities are those infrastructure service systems that are provided staffed and maintained by
government to directly serve the residents of the County. Public facilities have been grouped into
categories of education, government operations health and sanitation parks and recreation protective
services, and transportation.
It is necessary to carefully coordinate the provision of public facilities in order to use them most
effectively and to maximize the effect of the public dollar. It is equally necessary to realize that the type
quality, capacity and location of facilities and services have a significant impact on the community, the
people and the total environment.
PUBLIC FACILITIES OBJECTIVES
• Encourage the provision of public facilities in appropriate locations that effectively service
community and visitor needs.
• Seek ways of improving public service through better and more functional facilities in keeping
with the environmental and aesthetic concerns of the community.
PUBLIC FACILITIES POLICIES
• Establish programs to identify and acquire sites for necessary public facilities in advance of need
• Establish appropriate service levels for public facilities.
• Coordinate with appropriate State agencies for the provision of public facilities to serve the needs
of the community.
• Develop short- to long -ranee capital improvement programs and operating budgets for public
facilities and services.
•
Capital improvement and operating budgets shall reflect the objectives and policies of the County
General Plan.
• Require a six-year, long-term capital improvements budget by County departments and agencies
that shall be reviewed for consistency with the General Plan.
22
• Develop and adopt an Impact Fees Ordinance to fund identified public facilities.
• Develop and adopt enabling financing mechanisms that could be used in conjunction with
programs to fund new or expand existing County public facilities.
1. EDUCATION
Public schools and libraries and their facilities planning are under the jurisdiction of the State
Department of Education.
Higher education is available through the University of Hawaii at Hilo (UHH) the University of
Hawaii West Hawaii Campus in Kona, and the Hawaii Community College. Long-range
development plans for each institution are performed by the school and approved by the State Board
of Regents.
Educational policies relate to the provision of facilities rather than programs although it is recognized
that the facilities and programs are the tools necessary to improve total educational service
EDUCATION POLICIES
• Coordinate school facility planning with the Department of Education and the University of
Hawaii to identify school sites.
• Encourage continuous jointrhe-planning of schools with the Department of Education and the
University of Hawaii to ensure coordination of roads, water, and other support facilities and
considerations such as traffic and safe, and access for vehicle, bicycle and pedestrian.
Encourage master planning of present and proposed public and private institutions.
• Encourage combining schoolyards with county parks and allowing facilities to be
available for after school use by the community for recreational cultural and other compatible
uses.
• Encourage the Hawaii State Library System to seek alternate sites when public libraries are
located on the campuses of public schools.
2. GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS
This section discusses facilities housing various governmental agencies and baseyard operations
Public office centers consist of a building or complex of buildings that house governmental agencies
Baseyards are the operational, storage and maintenance centers for public works services such as
those provided by the road and water departments. These baseyards also serve as agencyfield
ield
offices.
GOVERNMENT OPERATION POLICIES
• Public office center sites shall satisfy modern and reasonable requirements of accessibility and
compatibility_ with the surrounding neighborhood.
• The multipurpose concept of flexibility to satisfy changing requirements should be part of the
desigfor public buildings.
23
• Architecture and landscaping shall reflect the community's attributes as much as possible
3. HEALTH AND SANITATION
a. HOSPITALS
Actual planning of health programs and construction of health facilities are the direct responsibility of
the State.
The role of State and private hospitals are determined by the island's geography and population
distribution and the community to be served. Major medical and surgical care, specialty care out-
patient care, long-term care and/or emergency services may be available at the hospitals The
County's Fire Department provides emergency medical and ambulance services
HOSPITAL POLICIES
• Encourage the planning, site identification, and development of new health care facilities or the
improvement of existing health care facilities to serve the needs of Hamakua North and South
Kohala, and North and South Kona. Site planning shall considerquiet surroundings, convenient
and adequate access, and compatability of adjoining uses.
• Encourage the State to continue operation of the rural hospitals.
• Encourage the establishment or expansion of community health centers and rural health clinics
b. PUBLIC CEMETERIES
Public cemeteries and veterans cemeteries are managed by the County Parks and Recreation
Department.
PUBLIC CEMETERIES POLICIES
• Develop and implement a cemeteries master plan for the siting of future cemeteries.
• _Ensure that public and private cemeteries are compatible with surrounding land uses and provided
with adequate access and drainagesystems.
c. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
The management of solid waste on the island has undergone significant changes in the past few
decades. The adoption of the County's Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan in 1993 as further
updated provides a foundation for decision-making that would guide solid waste management
funding, implementation and administration on the island. Recycling, waste diversion Hilo landfill
closure, new technologies, and the question of a material recovery facility are a few of the many
issues examined in the Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICIES
•
Appropriately designed and cost-effective solid waste transfer station sites shall be located in
areas of convenience and easy access to the public.
24
• Continue to encourage diversion programs, such as recycling, ecycling to reduce the flow of refuse
deposited in landfills.
• Explore and evaluate waste reduction techniques processes and facilities to lengthen the life of
the landfill(s) with energy conversion beim a desirable component
• Encourage development and implementation of a green waste recycling �pro rg am
d. WASTEWATER
Adequate sewer disposal systems are vital to safeguard public health and to preserve the environment
An adequate system is one that minimizes contamination of the ground water supply and the coastal
waters, beaches and waterborne recreational areas and is not a visual and odor nuisance
Although Hawaii County operates municipal sewerage systems many communities are served by
private wastewater treatment facilities or individual facilities such as cesspools or septic tanks
Because over half of the County's population is served by cesspools, there is an increasing need to
create a better system than individual cesspools, particularly in highly urbanized and shoreline areas
The State Department of Health and the County of Hawai `i jointly prepared the "Water Quality
Management Plan for the Countv of Hawaii" in 1978 and subsequently updated the plan in 1980
This plan serves as the planning_guide for development of regional waste treatment systems and the
control of non -point source pollution. To implement the management lan the County has prepared
facility plans for various areas on the island The facility plans identify problems, potential solutions
and costs.
WASTEWATER POLICIES
• Update the "Sewers eg Study for All Urban and Urbanizing Areas of the County of Hawaii, State
of Hawaii," December 1970, and the "Water Qualm Management Plan for the County of
Hawaii," December 1980.
• Private systems shall be installed by land developers for major resort and other developments
along shorelines and sensitive higher inland areas except where connection to nearby treatment
facilities is feasible and compatible with the County's long-range plans, and in conformance with
State and County requirements.
• Designate treatment plant sites, sewerage pump station sites, and sewer easements according to
the facility plans to facilitate their acquisition.
• Seek State and Federal funds to finance the construction of proposed sewer systems and improve
existing systems.
ems.
• Utilize plans for wastewater reclamation and reuse for irrigation and biosolids composting
(remaining solids from the treatment of wastewater is processed into a reusable organic material)
where feasible and needed.
STANDl\T ARDS)
25
There shall be a minimum of visual and odor pollution emanating from sewerage treatment
facilities.
4. PARKS AND RECREATION
Recreational facilities may be defined in two categories: Resource-based and Facility -based.
Resource-based parks provide public access to and enjoyment of an outstanding natural or cultural
resource. Valued resources include sandy beaches non -sandy butprotected swimming areas scenic
areas and hiking areas. The Federal and State governmentslap y a dominant role in establishing
resource-based parks such as the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and Hapuna Beach State Park
Resource-based parks developed by the County are primarily beacharp ks The other park category is
facility -based parks. These types of parks are primarily developed by the County and provide for
organized, spectator, or informal play recreational activities that are not dependent upon a natural
resource. Playfields, gymnasiums swimming pool complexes and tennis courts are just some
examples of facility -based parks.
PARKS AND RECREATION OBJECTIVES
• Provide a wide variety of recreational opportunities for the residents and visitors of the County.
• Maintain the natural beauty of resource-based recreation areas
• Provide a diversity of environments for active and passive pursuits
PARKS AND RECREATION POLICIES
• Strive to equitably allocate facility -based parks among the districts relative to population using
public input to determine the locations and types of facilities
• Improve existing_ public facilities for optimum usage
• Recreational facilities shall reflect the natural historic and cultural character of the area.
• The use of land adjoining recreation areas shall be compatible with community values physical
resources, and recreation potential.
• The "County of Hawaii Recreation Plan" shall be updated to reflect newly identified recreational
priorities.
• Develop short- and Iong range capital improvement programs and plans for recreational facilities
that are consistent with the General Plan.
• Provide multiple use facilities and a broad recreational program for all age _groups with special
considerations for the handicapped the elderly, and young children
• Coordinate recreational programs and facilities with governmental and private agencies and
organizations. Innovative ideas for improving recreational facilities and opportunities shall be
considered.
26
• Develop local citizen leadership and participation in recreation planning, maintenance and
programming,
• Adopt an on-going program of identification, designation and acquisition of areas with existing
or potential recreational resources, such as land with sandy beaches and other prime areas for
shoreline recreation, in cooperation with appropriate governmental agencies.
•
Public access to the shoreline and public hunting areas shall be provided in accordance with an
adopted program of the Count of Hawaii.
• Develop a network of pedestrian access trails to places of scenic, historic natural or recreational
values. This system of trails shall provide, at a minimum, an island -wide route connecting moor
parks and destinations.
• Establish a program to inventory ancient trails, cart roads and old govemment roads in
coordination with the State.
• Develop facilities and safeatp hwaysystems for walking_ jogging_ and biking activities.
• Develop a recreation information dissemination system for the public's use.
• Consider alternative sources of funding for recreational facilities, including impact fees.
PARKS AND RECREATION STANDARDS
• Regional Park: Is a major recreation area servingseveral everal districts and providing indoor and
outdoor activities. Is a major center for spectator sports and cultural activities. May include
features of historic,eg ological, and horticultural interests. In the vicinity of major populated
areas.
Facilities may include multi-purpose building auditorium gymnasium swimming pool, adequate
parking, and facilities for spectator sports: football, baseball, softball track field tennis
basketball and volleyball.
• District Park: Offers diversified types of recreational activities to an entire district that includes
indoor and outdoor sports. Located within a district consisting of several populated communities.
Facilities may include gymnasium with office, storage, restrooms, showers a center for
community and recreational programs, swimming pool, play area and equipment for young
children, courts for basketball, tennis, and volleyball, ballfields for soccer, baseball softball and
football; night lihtg s, and parking.
Community Park: Serves surrounding urban areas, and entire communities in rural areas.
Provides active and passive activities. Located within the center of the community or several
neighborhoods.
Facilities may include multi-purpose building, gymnasium (where not serviceable from a district
park), courts for basketball, volleyball and tennis, ballfields for softball/baseball soccer, football;
play area and equipment for young children walking, and jogging paths, picnic and passive area
night lights and parkin*.
27
• Neighborhood Park: Provides open space in urbanizing areas for the general aesthetic enjoyment
of the outdoors play areas for young children and a social atherinng place for the neighborhood.
Located within the center of the neighborhood and preferably adjacent to a school
Facilities may include restrooms drinking water, walking and joggiing12aths (bike and skating
paths), courts for basketball, volleyball and tennis, ballfields for tetherball baseball/softball and
soccer, play area and equipment for young children a, nd parking_
• Community Center: Is a major center for spectator sports cultural and social activities Size
depends on facilities proposed and accessory uses.
Facilities may include multipurpose building auditorium gymnasium facilities for spectator
sports, swimming facility, and parking.
• Parks for General Use: Are centered around a major natural asset such as a sandy beach a_prime
forest, or a volcanic feature and includes historic sites whenever feasible. Designed to
accommodate users from throughout the County_.
Beach parks provide opportunities for swimming/sunbathing surfing camping fishing boating,
nature study, and other pastimes. Every section of the island should be adequately served
Facilities depend on size and intensityof f use but should include restrooms with showers picnic
facilities, a defined tent camping area when allowed drinking water, parking pavilions of various
sizes, and lifeguard facilities.
Wilderness and wildland areas are remote from population centers and have limited access by
jeep, hiking, biking or horseback. Facilities may include trails and unimproved roads designated
hunting and fishing areas, designated conservation areas for nature study and other passive
activities, and wildemess camp sites.
5. PROTECTIVE SERVICES
Protective services consist of fire, police, detention and correctional facilities civil defense the Coast
Guard, and National Guard armories. The scattered and small population centers on the island
generally make protective services difficult in terms of effectively providing fire and police coverage
The County's fire stations and volunteer fire stations offer a varied degree of services to communities
throughout the island: 24-hour fire fighting, emergency medical services rescue, hazardous waste
response and special services. Its emergency medical ambulance services are contracted with the
State Department of Health.
The Hawaii County Police Department is charged with enforcingall ll laws of the state and ordinances
of the County related to criminal actions, preserving the public peace, preventing crime detecting and
arresting law offenders, protecting people and property.
The State Department of Public Safety operates correctional facilities for the confinement of pretrial
inmates and convicted offenders, and intake service centers for the supervision of offenders An array
of rehabilitative programs is available through the correctional facilities and intake service centers
Detention has become the responsibility of the County Police Department.
28
The Hawaii County Civil Defense Agency directs and coordinates the development and
administration of the County's total disaster preparedness and response program to ensure prompt and
effective action when natural or man -caused disaster threatens or occurs anywhere in the County.
The United States Coast Guard provides ocean rescue and navigation services and the National
Guard armories are State and Federally funded facilities housing the State militia.
PROTECTIVE SERVICES POLICIES
• Develop police and fire facilities as joint use structures whenever feasible sited to permit quick
and efficient vehicular access.
• Plan and develop volunteer fire facilities in appropriate locations to be replaced or to co -exist
with full-time Fire/EMSpersonnel.
• Police headquarters shall be located near the geographic center of the service area and near
concentrations of commercial and industrial use.
• Police and fire stations in outlying districts shall be based on the population to be served and
response time rather than on geographic district.
• Encourage the further development and expansion of community policing programs and
neighborhood and farm watch programs in urban, rural and agricultural communities
• Encourage continued state funding of emergency medical helicopters.
• Consider theroximit to o fire stations in approving any rezoning to permit urban development
• The Fire Department, in cooperating with other related governmental agencies and the involved
land owners, shall prepare a fire protection and prevention plan for forest reserves and other
natural areas.
• Consider adoption of impact fees to support police and fire facilities.
• Encourage the State to emphasize rehabilitation in correctional facilities and to establish
additional rehabilitation and counseling centers, includingrug and behavioral treatment facilities
in secure settings, when necessary.
• The County of Hawaii Emergency Operations Center shall be improved to meet the requirements
set forth by Federal and State regulations.
• Develop a database of disasters and events from disaster assessment reports to assist the County
and State in identifying mitigation measures and funding priorities for improvements
• Educate the public regarding disaster preparedness and response especially proper responses for
sudden impact hazards.
• Encourage the State to evaluate the disaster shelters' ability to withstand various natural disasters
and upgrade or build new shelters as appropriate. —.
29
PROTECTIVE SERVICES STANDARDS
• 2.5 police officerUer 1.000 resident population
• Fire stations within five miles of concentrated settlement areas
• Provide first response emergency medical service within eight minutes of concentrated settlement
areas. Alternative means, such as training police officers or volunteer fire personnel could be
available to provide first response
6. TRANSPORTATION
Transportation is the systems and modes of conveyance of people and goods from place to place It
can be considered the major infrastructural element of an area The different elements of the
transportation system ideally need to be planned through an integrated and comprehensive process
that includes land use planning The coordinated planning of transportation facilities requires an
understanding of the characteristics of the modes of conveyance and the patterns and densities of the
area that they are intended to serve
TRANSPORTATION OBJECTIVES
• Provide a transportation system whereby people and goods can move efficiently, safely,
comfortably and economically.
• Make available a variety of modes of transportation that best meets the needs of the County.
TRANSPORTATION POLICIES
• Establish a framework of transportation facilities with affected agencies that will promote and
influence desired land.
• The agencies concerned with transportation systems shall provide for present traffic and future
demands, including the programmed development of mass transit programs for high growth areas
by both the private and public sectors
• Consider the provision of adequate transportation systems to enhance the economic viability of a
given area.
• Develop a comprehensive island -wide multi -modal transportation plan that identifies the location
and operation of automobile mass transit bicycle and pedestrian systems in coordination with
appropriate Federal and State agencies.
• Work with various non-profit agencies to coordinate transportation opportunities
a. AIRPORTS AND HARBORS
The principal concerns of planning transportation terminals are location provision of adequate
transportation connections to terminals financing and programming of improvements and services
through capital improvement projects and the planning and zoning of adjacent land uses
30
Although the State Department of Transportation is responsible for the actual design construction
and operation of terminals and supporting facilities, the General Plan addresses the location of these
facilities in relation to the pattern of overall land uses.
AIRPORTS AND HARBORS POLICIES
• Encourage the programmed improvement of existingterminals, terminals, including adequate provisions for
control of pollution and appropriate and adequate covered storage facilities for agricultural
products.
• Encourage the State Department of Transportation to implement its plans for transportation
terminals and related facilities to promote and influence desired land use policies.
• Transportation terminals should be developed in conjunction with the different elements of the
overall transportation system.
• Encourage maximum use of the island's airport and harbor facilities.
• Encourage the development, maintenance, and enhancement of Hilo and Kawaihae Harbors as
detailed within the State's Harbors Master Plan.
• import the State's objectives to acquire rights within the runway clear -zones limit heights
within approach zones, and restrict noise -sensitive uses within designated noise contours
determined by the State.
b. MASS TRANSIT
The public mass transit system is operated and managed by the County. Taxi service is regulated by
the County.
MASS TRANSIT OBJECTIVE
• Provide residents with a variety of public transportation systems that are affordable, efficient,
accessible, safe, environmentally friendly, and reliable.
MASS TRANSIT POLICIES
• Improve the integration of transportation and land use planning in order to optimize the use
efficiency, and accessibility of existing and proposed mass transportationsystems.
• Support and encourage the development of alternative modes of transportation, such as enhanced
bus services and bicycle paths.
• Enhance the mobility of minors, non -licensed adults, low-income, elderly, and people with
disabilities through the coordination and provision of public and private nonprofit transportation.
c. ROADWAYS
In planning vehicular transportation, the various systems take into consideration activities or land
uses that will continue to generate traffic. New major highways are expected to create new and
31
productive land uses in appropriate locations. Roadways must be Manned with other transportation
elements, as all contribute to the total movement of people and goods.
ROADWAYS OBJECTIVES
• Provide an integrated State and County roadway system so that new major routes will
complement and encourage proposed land uses.
ROADWAYS POLICIES
• Encourage the programmed improvement of existing roadways by both public and private
sectors.
• Investigate various methods of funding road improvements including private sector participation,
to meet the growing transportation needs of the island.
• Encourage the State to establish a continuous State highway system connecting the County's
major airports and harbors.
• Support the development of programs to identify and improve hazardous and substandard
sections of roadway and drainage problems.
• Coordinate with appropriate Federal and State aggencies for the funding of transportation projects
for areas of anticipated growth.
• Consider the development of alternative means of transportation such as mass transit bicycle and
pedestrian systems, as a means to increase arterial capacity.
• Coordinate the planning of Federal, State and County street systems to meet program objectives
of the other General Plan elements.
• Provisions for on -street parking shall be incorporated into the design of street systems
• Encourage the State Department of Transportation to establish special scenic routes within and
between communities.
• Integrate transportation and drainage systems where feasible.
• Support the development of an efficient transit route between east and west Hawai `i
• Adopt street design standards that accommodate where appropriate flexibility in the design of
streets to preserve the rural character of an area and encourage a pedestrian -friendly design
including landscaping and planted medians.
• Develop minimum street standards for homestead and other currently substandard roadways that
are offered for dedication to the County to ensure minimal levels of public safety_
• Explore means and opportunities to enhance the shared use of the island's roadways by
pedestrians and bicyclists, in coordination with appropriate government agencies and
organizations.
32
• Update the `Bikeway Plan for the County of Hawaii" (1979) to include the development of a safe
and usable bikeway system throu-ghout the island
• Work in coniunction with the State to establish a clear agreement of the ownership and
maintenance of the old homestead roads.
• Develop short- and long-range capital improvement programs and plans for transportation that are
consistent with the General Plan.
• The County shall determine standards for the dedication and upgrade of existing roads
ROADWAY STANDARDS
Roadway definitions and standards for new roadway construction:
• Primary Arterial: Includes major highways, parkways and primary arterials that move vehicles
in large volumes and at higher speeds from one geographic area to another• highest traffic volume
corridor. Designed as a limited access roadway. Primary arterials shall have a minimum right-
of-way of 120 feet.
• Secondary Arterial: A street of considerable continuity that js_primarily a traffic artery between
or through large areas; interconnect with and augment primM system Designed as a limited
access roadway. Secondary arterials shall have a minimum right-of-way of 80 feet
• Major Collector: Any street supplementary to the arterial street system that is a means of transit
between this system and smaller areas; used to some extent for through traffic and to abutting
properties; collect and distribute traffic between neighborhood and arterial system Major
collectors shall have a minimum right-of-way of 60 feet
• Local Streets-commercial/industrial: Local streets within commercial and industrial areas shall
have a minimum right-of-way of 60 feet
• Minor Collector and Local Streets: Minor collectors are used at times as through -streets and for
access to abutting properties The principal purpose of a local street is to provide access to
pLQptrty abutting the public right-of-way
B. UTILITIES AND ENERGY
For the foreseeable future. Hawaii will continue to be dependent on petroleum to meet its energy
demands. Fortunately Hawaii is endowed with a varietyof natural enerev resources that are renewable
for low polluting sources of electricity. Hawai`i's depgndence on imported petroleum provides the
incentive for the promotion of energy efficiency and the development of technolo eyes to harness natural
energy resources (solar, hydrologic wind and geothermal) and to convert solid waste into a fuel
resource.
Public utilities are services regulated by government and provided in response to existing_and prospective
patterns of development. Changes in land use population density and development usually generate
changes in the demand and supply of utilities
This section is concerned with the planning aspects of natural energy resources and its conversion to
electricity; gas. telecommunications: and water.
33
UTILITIES AND ENERGY OBJECTIVES
• Ensure that adequate efficient and dependable utility services are available to users
• Encourage maximum efficiency and econom,Lin the provision of public utility services
• Ensure tha^public utility facilities are designed to fit into their surroundings or are concealed
from public view.
• Encourage the co -location of multiple utilities in designated corridors
• Strive towards energy self-sufficiency.
• Support the establishment of the Big Island as a demonstration community for the development
and use of natural energy resources while ensuring the proper balance of the preservation of
environmental fitness and ecologically significant areas
UTILITIES AND ENERGY POLICIES
• Provide utilities and service facilities that minimize total cost to the public and effectively service
the needs of the community.
• DesiLyn utilitv facilities to minimize conflict with the environment and natural resources
• Upgrade existing utility services to meet the needs of users
• Encourage the clustering of developments in order to reduce the cost of providine utilities
• Short- and long-range capital improvement programs and plans for public utilities within the
County's jurisdiction shall be consistent with the General Plan
• Designate a corridor for the co -location of multiple utilities in aQpro-priate areas
• Strive to assure a sufficient supply of energy to support present and future demands by:
(l) Encouraging expansion of the energy industry and the development of alternate enema
resources.
(2) Educating the public on new energy technologies and energy-saving building designs, that
would foster energy conservation
(3) Coordinating government and private sector research and funding initiatives
(4) Encouraging the use of agricultural products and by- rrooducts as sources of alternate fuel
(5) Supporting programs that provide tax construction net metering and other incentives
• Support programs that seek funding from both government and ovate sources for research and
development of alternative energy resources
• Encourage the continuation of studies concerning the development of power sources that can be
distributed at lower costs to consumers
34
• Encourage the continued development of geothermal resources to meet the energy needs of the
County of Hawaii.
1. ELECTRICITY
Electricity for the County of Hawaii is supplied by the Hawaii Electric Light Comps Inc
(HELCO). HELCO Purchases its power from privately -owned companies and supplements the
balance through HELCO-owned steam units diesel units. and gas turbines
The Big Island has a potential to use more alternative energy in the form of geothermal hydro wind
solar thermal and photovoltaic systems These sources have been included in HELCO's Integrated
Resource Planning (IRP) process. The goal of integrated resource1p anning is the identification of the
resources or the mix of resources for meeting near- and long-term consumer energy needs in an
efficient and reliable manner at the lowest reasonable cost including the need and timing of anv new
generation and new cross -island transmission lines
ELECTRICITY POLICIES
• Power distribution shall be Placed underground when and where practical Encourage
developers of new urban areas to place utilities under ound
• Route selection for high voltage transmission lines should include consideration for setbacks
from major thoroughfares and residential areas Where feasible delineate energy corridors
for such high voltage transmission lines
• Advise the electrical utility companies on the future revisions of their comprehensive
Integrated Resource Plans.
• Minimize obstruction of scenic views and vistas by electrical facilities
• Facilities such as substations shall mitigate and minimize any aesthetic impacts to
surrounding properties and scenic vistas
2. GAS
The Public Utilities Commission regulates gas mains and service lines on the Big Island However,
the provision of gas service by tank or cylinder is not regulated.
Propane gas is widely used on the island of Hawaii In some rural areas of the County. gas is the
only source of power.
GAS POLICY
• Gas storage facilities shall be located to minimize danger to commercial and residential areas
3. TELECOMMUNICATIONS
The State Public Utilities Commission regulates telecommunications services statewide
TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICIES
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• Encourage undergound telephone lines where they are economically and technically feasible.
• Work closes with the telephone company to provide all users with efficient service.
• Work with the telecommunications industry to increase the availability of emergency
telephones throughout the island.
• Develop standards for the construction of wireless telecommunication facilities.
• In the development and placement of telephone facilities, such as lines, telecommunications
and cellular towers, poles. and substations, the design of the facilities shall consider the
existing environment, and scenic view and vistas shall be considered and preserved where
possible.
4. WATER
The availability of water is crucial to any type of development, whether urban, rural, oragricultural.
Land use allocation therefore must be closely related to water availability, including the quantity and
qualm of the water, and the adequacy of the transmission and distribution system.
Sources of water supply include ground water aquifers (via wells) and surface water (springs,
streams, and tunnels).
The demand for water is directly related to population. Demand does not represent domestic
consumption alone, but also includes all agricultural, industrial and commercial uses, fire protection,
and other uses. In some areas, however, non-domestic users are likely to create the major demand,
and careful attention must therefore be given in.any_study of probable future water needs.
The delivery of domestic water on the island may accomplished by the County Department of
Water Supply or privatesstems. Domestic water must comply with the Federal Safe Drinking Water
Act (SDWA) administered b the he U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through the State
Department of Health. Many systems, though adequate to fulfill domestic needs, are inadequate for
fire protection and do not meet the needs of current agricultural production.
The State Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Land and Water Development,
also has the capacity to explore and develop new ground water sources. The County has in the past
depended upon this agency for source development. The development of new sources requires the
cooperation between State and County agencies in the deliveEY of municipal water systems.
In addition, individual rainwater catchment systems are used in areas where public and private
systems are not available, primarily subdivisions approved prior to the adoption of the Subdivision
Control Code. Most catchment systems are inadequate for fire protection, and are supplemented by
trucking or publics spigots during drought periods.
WATER POLICIES
• Water system improvements shall correlate with the County's desired land use development
atp tern.
• Design and build public and private water systems to Department of Water Supply standards.
36
• Improve and replace inadequate systems.
• Water sources shall be adequately protected to prevent depletion and contamination from natural
and man-made occurrences or events.
• Water system improvements should be first installed in areas that have established needs and
characteristics. such as occupied dwellings agricultural operations and other uses. or in areas
adjacent to them if there is need for urban expansion
• A coordinated effort by County State and private interests shall be developed to identify sources
of additional water supply and shall be implemented to ensure the development_ of sufficient
guantities of water for existing and future needs of high growth areas
• Coordinate fire prevention systems with water distribution systems in order to ensure water
supplies for fire protection_ purposes.
• Develop and adopt standards for individual water catchment units
• Cooperate with the State Department of Health to develop standards and/or guidelines for the
construction and use of rainwater catchment systems to minimize the intrusion of any chemical
and microbiological contaminants.
• Cooperate with appropriate State and Federal agencies and the private sector to develop, i drove
and expand agricultural watersystems in appropriate areas on the island
• Promote the use ofground water sources to meet State Department of Health water quality
standards.
• Participate in the United States Geological Survey's exploratory well drilling program
• Seek State and Federal funds to assist in financing protects to bring the County into compliance
with the Safe Drinking Water Act
• Develop and adopt a water master plan that will consider water yield present and future demand
alternative sources of water guidelines and policies for the issuance of water commitments
• Encourage the state to expand programs for the delivery of agricultural irrigation water.
PART 5. LAND USE ELEMENT
The land use element is intended to be used as a policy guide for the coordinated growth of the County.
The land use element sets forth obiectives policies. and standards to guide the nature location and
density of land uses in particular areas of the County, as reflected in the General Plan Land Use Pattern
Allocation Guide (LUPAG) map.
The LUPAG map serves as a general guide to the Droiected long term uses of private and public
properties and the future form and nature of communities, and it is incorporated by reference as a part of
the General Plan. The broad -brush boundaries indicated on the LUPAG map are graphic expressions of
the General Plan vision statements objectives,, and policies,particularly those relating to land uses They
are long-range guides to general location of land uses rather than land use designations within specific
37
property boundaries, and are independent of: (a) existing zoning,• (b) state land use districts: and
(c) property boundaries. Interpretation of the LUPAG map will be based on applicable General Plan
policies and circumstances relating to the area in question
The land use patterns within the LUPAG map reflect considerations of future population growth that are
based on economic and employment growth trends existing land uses and zoned areas determination of
community facility needs, physical characteristics and cultural resources of various regions and
infrastructural demands for the entire island.
When a development plan provides direction for more specific land use actions within an urban rural or
agricultural form, the General Plan designations will be subject to the specific development plan direction
and shall be considered only as the general land use policy ids
LUPAG map designations and their characteristics are as follows:
A. Urban Designations
1. High Density: General commercial uses single family and multiple family
residential uses and related services, mixed industrial -commercial uses in areas of
transition.
2. Medium Density: Village and neighborhood commercial uses and single family
and multiple family residential uses and related services mixed industrial -commercial
uses in areas of transition.
3. Low Density: Predominantly si le family residential uses with ancillary
community and public uses and neighborhood and convenience -type commercial uses
4. Urban Expansion Area: Allows for a mix of high density, medium density low
density, industrial, industrial -commercial and/or open designations in areas where new
settlements may be desirable, but where the specific settlement pattern and mix of uses
have not vet been determined.
5. Industrial Area: These areas include uses such as manufacturing and processing_
wholesaling, large storage and transportation facilities, light industrial and industrial
commercial uses.
6. Resort Node: A self-contained Maior Resort area that includes various visitor -
related uses such as hotels, condominium -hotels (condominiums developed and/or
operated as hotels) single family and and ultiple family_ residential units golf courses and
other typical resort recreational facilities resort commercial complexes and other sport
services.
7. Resort Area: Intermediate Resort Minor Resortand Retreat Resort Areas are
identified as Resort Areas on the LUPAG map These areas include a mix of uses such as
hotels, condominium -hotels (condominiums developed and/or operated as hotels) and -
support services.
B. Rural -Agriculture Designation
The Rural -Agriculture Designation includes areas with or proposed for small farms
intermixed with residential uses where city -like concentrations of reo„ple structures
38
streets and urban levels of service are absent These areas may contain wooded areas
gardens, and open fields as well as residences
This category serves a two -fold purpose:
It may include existing subdivisions or areas in the State Land Use A ricultural
and Rural districts that have a significant residential component with typical lot
sizes or zoning varying up to four acres Non -conforming subdivisions within
the State Land Use Agricultural District may included in this deggnation
It may also include future areas within Agriculture designated areas that meet the
above criteria, but have not been mapped These areas may provide a transition
between agricultural and urban forms Typical lot sizes ma vary from one to
four acres, although larger lots maybe included in this designation
Permitted Activities: With appropriate zoning. the designation may include commercial
facilities that serve the residential and a icultural uses in the area
C. Agriculture Designations
1. Intensive Agriculture: Includes lands that are capable of producing, sustained
high agricultural vields with the application of modern farming methods and technologies
due to soil composition climate and water. Lands range from low to high soil content
and fertility. Agricultural uses such as diversified agriculture= floriculture orchards
coffee, and forestry may be included in the intensive agriculture desi nation
2. Extensive Agriculture: Includes lands that are not capable of producing
sustained, high agricultural yields without the intensive application of modern farming
methods and technologies due to certain physical constraints such as soil composition
slope, machine tillability and climate Other less intensive agricultural uses such as
grazing and pasturage may be included in the Extensive Agriculture designation.
D. Other Designations
1. University: Public institutional facilities required infrastructure and supportive
and accessory uses that may v be required for establishing or expanding apuublic university
or institution of higher learning including ancillarxpublic uses residential and super
commercial uses.
2. Open: Parks and other recreational areas historic sites scenic vistas and
viewplanes, potential natural hazard areas and open shoreline areas
3. Conservation Area: Forest and water reserves natural and scientific preserves
and lands within the State Land Use Conservation District
LAND USE OBJECTIVES
• Encourage and ensure the involvement of community residents in the implementation of the
General Plan for their respective communities
• _Designate and allocate land uses in appropriate proportions and mix and in keeping with the
social, cultural. and physical environments of the County.
39
• Accommodate gowth through comprehensive. long-range planning by providing suitable
land areas for residential use commercial and visitor services industrial uses rural
agriculture, and open space.
• Coordinate land use designations with the County's service and circulationsystems.
• Achieve a broader diversification of local industries by providing opportunities for new
industries and strengthening existing industries.
• Provide for commercial areas that will serve neighborhood, community and regional needs.
• Promote and encourage commercial, industrial and resort areas and the rehabilitation of
commercial, industrial and resort areas that are serviced by basic community facilities and
utilities.
• Assure limited flexibility in responding to needs of rural or remote areas in the districts of
Puna, North Hilo, Hamakua, North and South Kohala, South Kona and Ka`u through the
"floating zone" concent.
• Maximize choices of single-family and multi -family residential housing_ opportunities for
residents of the county.
• Ensure that resort developments maintain the cultural and historic, social, economic, and
physical environments of Hawaii and its people.
• When identified by the State, protect and encourage the utilization of the County's important
agricultural lands.
• Preserve and enhance opportunities for the expansion of Hawai`i's agricultural industry_
• Protect and reserve forest, water, natural and scientific reserves and open areas.
• Utilize publicly owned lands to advance the public interest and for the benefit of the greatest
number of people.
• Acquire lands for public use to implement policies and programs contained in the General
Plan.
LAND USE POLICIES
• Establish develORment plans to implement the objectives of the General Plan on a regional
basis. These plans will designate and be used to coordinate developmentRatterns and
infrastructure needs throughout the County. These plans will also specify land uses and
infrastructure priorities within each regional study area. These plans shall be develoRgd with
the participation of the affected communities.
• Foster public/private initiatives for development that will benefit the residents of the County.
• Review and reform the real prORerty tax structure to assure compatibility with the land use
objectives and policies.
40
• Develop a unified impact fee ordinance in order to require new development to contribute
fairly for infrastructural improvements that are necessary to accommodate the new
development.
• Re uire the provision of basic infrastructure necessary for developments.
Commercial/Industrial
• Provide flexibility and periodically update the Zone Code to accommodate anticipated or
emerging new industries and technologies.
• Encourage commercial and industrial development within or adjacent to existing zoned areas
already served by basic infrastructure.
• Undertake urban renewal, rehabilitation, and/or redevelopment programs in cooperation with
communities, businesses and governmental agencies.
• import the creation of industrial parks in appropriate locations as an alternative to strip
development.
• Improve the aesthetic quality of commercial and industrial sites andprotectamenities of
adjacent areas by requiring landscaping, open spaces, buffer zones and design guidelines.
• Industrial activities may be located close to raw materials or key resources.
• Provide a variety of industrial zoned districts and lot sizes, depending on the needs of the
industries and the communities.
• Utilize the concept of "floating zone" for future limited commercial and industrial uses in
order to allow flexibility in establishing such uses in rural and/or remote areas.
Residential Uses
• Incorporate the concept of "zone of mix" in the Zoning Code for the purpose of achieving
housing mix as well as to permit the more efficient development of residential lands that have
topographic and/or drainage problems.
• Ensure the compatibility of uses within and adjacent to residential zoned areas.
• Zone urban uses in areas with ease of access to community services and employment centers
and with adequate public utilities and facilities.
• Promote and encourage the rehabilitation and use of urban residential areas that are serviced
by basic community facilities and utilities.
• Encourage and coordinate with the State in,. providing fee -simple and leasehold residential
lots/units to the residents through State and/or County Housing Programs.
• Reasonable flexibility is required in codes and ordinances in order to achieve a diversity of
socio-economic housing mix and to permit aesthetic balance between single-family
41
residential structures and open spaces.
Resort
• Support resort developments that promote the cultural and historic, social, economic,
environmental values of Hawaii and its people.
• Utilize the concept of a "floating zone" to allow for the future development of retreat resort
areas.
• Require coastal resort developments to provide public access to and parkin for beach and
shoreline areas.
Agriculture
• Establish and implement a comprehensive important agricultural lands program to address at
the minimum, agricultural water development, rezoning criteria, infrastructure standards
labor housing_, government incentives, new approaches to preservation, enforcement and
minimizing adiacent land use conflicts.
• Support the development of private and State agricultural parks to make agricultural land
available for agricultural activities.
• Support efforts to provide tax relief and other incentives to enhance competitive capabilities
of commercial farms and ranches, thereby insuring ]on -tg erm preservation, enhancement and
expansion of viable agricultural lands.
• Encourage, where appropriate, the establishment of visitor -related uses and facilities that
directly promote the agdculture industry.
• Encourage compatible economic uses that complement existing agricultural activities.
• Assist in the development of basic resources such as water, roads, transportation and
distribution facilities for the agricultural industry.
• Assist State agencies on-progams that aid agriculture.
• Developsubdivision ubdivision standards that make a distinction between agricultural and urban uses.
Rural -Agriculture
• Rural style residential agricultural developments, such as new small-scale rural communities
or extensions of existing rural communities, shall be encouraged in appropriate locations.
•
The Zoning Code shall provide for rural -agricultural style residential uses in appropriate
locations, including, standards and criteria for the establishment of these uses.
®teen Area
•
Incorporate considerations of open space for the social, environmental, and economic well-
being of the County of Hawaii and its residents in the implementation of the General Plan.
42
• Open space in urban areas shall be established and provided through zoning and subdivision
regulations.
Public Lands
• Encourage uses of public land that will satisfy specific public needs such as housing,
recreation, open space and education.
• Encourage the identification, evaluation and designation of Natural Area Reserves
• Continue the coordination of State and County Capital Improvement Programs.
• Support the U.S. Department of Interior National Park Service's expansion plans for the
Hawaii Volcanoes, Puukohola and Puuhonua O Honaunau National Historic Parks
• Maintain public lands with unique recreational and natural resources for public use
LAND USE STANDARDS
• Each development plan shall include specific financing mechanisms for improvements to
public infrastructure and services that are necessary to accommodate projected growth
• Zoning requests for industrial, commercial, and retreat resort uses under the "floating zone"
concept shall comply with the change of zone process that is provided in the Zoning Code
• Review zoning requests with respect to the General Plan designations district goals regional
plans, applicable State land use districts, compatibility with adjacent zoned uses availability_
of public services and utilities access and ppblic need and where appropriate approve on an
incremental basis in order to mitigate impacts upon public services and infrastructure in
under -served areas.
Residential Density Guidelines:
• High Density Urban: Multiple family residential - up to 87 units per acre
• Medium Density Urban: Multiple family residential - up to 35 units per acre
• Low Density Urban: U tax units per acre.
Resort Designation Guidelines:
• A "Major Resort" designation signifies a self-contained resort destination area that contains a
combined total of approximately 3,000 transient and residential units
• An "Intermediate Resort" designation.signifies a self-contained resort destination area that
contains a combined total of approximately 1,500 transient and residential units
• A "Minor Resort" designation signifies a resort area that is generally characterized as an area
with numerous small, separately -owned resort facilities or an isolated resort development that
is not projected as a self-contained destination area and that has a combined total of
43
approximately 500 transient and residential units
A "Retreat Resort" designation signifiesgenerally an area that provides guests with rest quiet
and isolation. The guideline for the scale of a retreat resort area is a combined total of
approximately 100 transient and residential units
The following is a general list of urban and rural centers industrial areas and resort areas by County
by geographic district. Taken together with the island -wide and district vision statements and the General
Plan objectives and policies this table is meant to provide additional guidance for the LUPAG map.
44
Distract
Urban and Rural Centers
I04g9ol Areas
Resort Aregs
Keaau
Keaau
Papai (Intermediate)
Pahoa
Keaau-Gateway Center (I-C)
Puna Makai (Minor)
[Kalapana]
[Kapoho]
[Kapoho]
Pahoa
Puna
Kurtistown
Panaewa
Mt. View
Hawaiian Paradise Park (I-C)
Hawaiian Paradise Park
Qrchidland Estates
Volcano
[City of] Hilo
[City of] Hilo
Waiakea Peninsula-Reeds Bay
Papaikou
Hilo Iron Works (I-C)
(Intermediate)
L. Hilo
Pepeekeo-Kulaimano
Waiakea Houselots (I-C,)
Keaukaha (Minor)
Honomu
Papaikou
Wainaku (Minor)
Hakalau
Pepeekeo
Laupahoehoe-Papaaloa
Laupahoehoe-Papaaloa
N. Hilo
Ninole
Ookala
Ookala
Kaoehu
Honokaa
Haina
[Hamakua-Kohala Mountain Forest
Hamakua
Paauilo
Honokaa
Reserve (Retreat)
Haina
Paauilo
Kalopa (Retreat)]
Hamakua !Retreat)
Hawi
Halaula
Mahukona (Minor)
Kapaau
Hawi
[Kohala Mountains (Retreat)]
Halaula
N. Kohala
Halawa
Kahua (Kohala Rangh)
Niulii
Maliu Ride
Kawaihae
Kawaihae
Anaehoomalu (Major)
Puako[Mauka]
Waikoloa Village
[Kawaihae] Kaunaoa Bay-Hapuna
S. Kohala
Lalamilo
Waimea
Bay _ (Major)
Waikoloa Village
Waikoloa Mauka
[Puako ] Pauoa Bay-Honokaope
Waimea
Bay (Major)
Kawaihae Harbor
Puako Minor
N. Kona
Keahole to Kailua
Kailua
Kailua (Major)
Kailua-Keauhou
Kona Industrial Subdivision
Honokohau (Minor)
[Keahole-0bma]
and adjacent area (I-C)
Keauhou-Kahaluu (Major)
Kealakehe)
Honokohau (I-C)
Kaupulehu-Kukio (Major)
[Holualoa-Along Kuakini Highway]
Kainaliu-Honalo
[Kealakehe (Intermediate)
Holualoa Mauka
[Ke-ahole] Keahole
Kohanaiki (Intermediate)
[Keopu]
Kaloko
Kukio (Intermediate)
Makalei
Obma (Intermediate)
Puuanahulu
Honokohau (Minor)
Hokulia
Kaupulehu (Intermediate)]
Kainaliu-Honalo
S. Kona
'Captain Cook
Kealakekua-Captain Cook
[Honaunau-Keei (Intermediate)]
Kealakekua
Keekee-Kalukalu (Retreat)
Keekee-Kalukalu
Keopuka
Kau
Naalehu
Honuapo
Ninole-Punaluu [Intermediate)]
Pahala
Naalehu
Minor
Waiohinu
Pahala
Volcano (Retreat)
Ocean View
Ocean View
Note: I-C refers
to Industrial-Commercial
45
46
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47
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48
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and e
feF
housinge Pumil-es-es, i-
fee OF lease-.
• The County shall
elleour--acp +I-- C-E)fiSfMC-tiefl
safety and , eW
6f 44E)Mel,-r-- 1 ---- -F
a•
1-ase 'A ith eptiOR t8 PUFehaSe.
_ .. (1
1�vF,' et:r:eo
bands and the imparrx:m
1-
The Geunty shall
1CS:: C
STANDARDS
iy
l asiarb f F'
r
wedi '
b pr-oE.rurrrs-
L^ the issuanee of
50
51
:.m - w 5.%9 1 m a r.
W E-
-
- _
._...
51
10
. S .
52
NO
�.... Y
- -
10
. S .
52
52
• saflitafy iandfill sites feF fefuse dispesal shall be established
station shall be laeated in areas of c-efivemenee
in
and easy
-Reeeffd-anee
aeees-, fe the
with the need
publie.
• Hospitals should be on sites eapable of handling
suffeundifig and adequate aeeess, and
• Hospitals shall be serw by a sewer -age system
e patibility
or- have
with adjeining,
self eentaffined
uses shall be
Sewer -age
Private and publie eefnefffies shall be eempatible with
pr-evided with adequate aeeess and dFainage systems.
PUBLIC UTILITIES
GOALS
sufT-eundiag
land
Uses and sh-all b --e
53
Water- sys iefits should be AFSt iflStalled in afeas
Riakad F,.......1,.,.. o to F ,..rL.e.. the expansien Of the
whieh have established needs-and
., „lr.,F.,1 :...-I,,..r,..,
16. S)'Sleffiafi6 PFBgfOfB by !he Geunt), State and
,.,ro.. ..1.. r.... o aL.e do..el.....„o.,r ..F,-,.FF:..:a..r
st shall _ .1
.. .ar:e� ..F . .,rem F..„*,.,.e
v F
enstife water supplies fOF AM pr-oteetion purposes.
eStaV1YTLi'fl'g J♦.,daAS F F individual . ,em .»
STANDARD
Water- systems shall fneet the requifements of the Depanment
POMUES
of Water- Supply and the
feehnieaNyfeasible.
I ID
!21 E ECTiD C4TY
POLICIES
,
54
.�. _
•
55
L
. t
c
L
C
L
• L �
C. ;l
racgrifieres:
L
sewer
-age
56
shall iisider-ed7
The County ef Hawaii shall ado
-r-afA of
r
geolegieal,
building, and he intpr-ests.
>
,
>
.I
> seftball, tFwk
field,-
-
57
:r
+ , ;
and r-eer-eatiamj
feetball-, night lights-,
t
wid ell
and adequate paFki _
r
--
58
.
r
,
baseballisef4ball and +
defined par4dng area.
r + and
an. adeq*a4e and
58
,f.+_a+1 �Z.'.1"[��.a�.,.n,.��wi,..a,-..���.e.'.,Y[+fa5.�.j.V fiia.•�.ili.M�.s.li•5'-�Yi.�:e`a����9.,
i��� �.. '-..
58
59
of
cfeF
the fiandifig,
he,,,,ee.,
•,•
designar-PaS
,.
,,,e -s , ,:,h:., and
e
•
multiple -uses ef the Fight of way
WithiR the
lifaits ef feasibility
and
qu
.I.-
p..
L,.,:Rg a .. u.., '' other- ., land ..1.,.,.,;......,.,:..:,:e.-
b
STANDARDS
r -A.•
r. ..1. .•:.7.,
eld homestead
b
reads whiek
wer-e iaid
otit sek,er-al deeades age.
60
The State Depaf4ment--f
Plement its ffafnewer-k E)
STANDARD
De a encs
a.c,unc...�.-..
LAND UISE
q l ^A..AA.arr'ecc.. ..;,1exfs
ii—andGOALS
G
eF fl.e Cfefe D .,.-rm-Fi• ..FTS
zr.c vsucc—nv'�
.w..f:
,]
goals,FAC
61
62
-
yU.-2
MR-MOMm-
IN
62
63
11, n HIM.
off"MMIM10-
M.
.__
..
63
le., see..'«,. open spaee -d
STANDARDS
,.F e1,e
TheFe a -e tkee basie type
JI
Numte-4
A e..ee..e. G 1 n e
z--zc:ca se e
�eimieflee g®eds, pjufi
n
•sfeeds,dFugs, .
F—�.
"
line"
,
Acreagel n +_ I .,
„.e....
PFeV.A—. Full .• .,b..F a «..,.>,.{, .#'
'c c,
>, re;ea e1 Off'
A
.
64
65
\ -
.. ............_ �...-
65
66
STANDARDS
f. :1�'.:e
a
... ...... ........, .,., t.: ....,........, v„R ..,: v,iPaa,v,.r-cssc.uv7 sa
> g
Oth
>--hOOIS,Offipleyfflefit eeRteFS, afid
67
TIMM
67
68
- .
68
69
Y..10Mv
t
69
•.. - i���� ai�ii il.rirYa�11���1�159.-� 1ll�Yi�ii �ia� .-'+a�•itiia�lia�w�•i'��W i���ia��(y --al -•
70
t
buiw
> watef, and rwFeatienal,
71
b
Geiier-al Man.
> b+
id edueatieR,
PART 5. NATURAL BEAUTY, RESOURCES, AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
The natural beauty of Hawaii is a universally recognized characteristic and one of the most significant
and valuable assets of this island. In a relatively small area exists a great range of environments, from
lush green tropical valleys, barren fields of lava, native forests, rolling grasslands, and rocky coastlines to
snow -canned mountains. These differences in the environment and landscape features are important in
iving identity to areas of the island.
The natural resources of the island of Hawaii are the physical and environmental assets that are
recognized as useful, valuable, and desirable. These natural resources include, but are not limited to, the
land, water, air, flora, fauna, soils, geologic features, geothermal steam, climate, wind, sunshine, ocean
72
waters, and shoreline. Some of these resources are finite and irreplaceable Several are replaceable at
extreme cost and others are renewable. The island's growing population and expanding urbanization
place a greater demand on the limited resource base.
Interwoven with the conservation of these resources is their protection through best management practices
and enforcement of zoning and environmental laws. The Countv's basic industries agriculture tourism
and scientific and technological enterprises, depend upon a "clean" environment for optimum growth
The agricultural industry depends upon the availability of clean air, soil, and water. The island's major
visitor attraction, especially for tourists from large urban centers, is its natural beauty accentuated by the
qualityoof the air and water. The environmental quality of the County thus not only enhances the quality
of life for its residents, but is also a major economic asset.
NATURAL BEAUTY, RESOURCES, AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
OBJECTIVES
• Identify and develop programs to protect, preserve and enhance the guality of areas endowed
with natural beauty, such as unique or prominent landscapes, natural features having cultural
or scenic value or coastal scenic resources
• Establish programs to protect and identify significant scenic vistas and view planes from
becoming_ obstructed.
• Maximize opportunities for present and future generations to appreciate and enjoy areas of
natural and scenic beauty.
• Protect, conserve, and utilize the natural resources of the County of Hawai `i for future
generations.
• Provide opportunities for recreational, economic, and educational needs without despoiling or
endangering natpral resources.
• Protect Hawai`j's unique, fragile, and significant natural resources.
• Protect rare or endangered species and habitats native to Hawaii.
• Maintain and, if feasible, improve the environmental quality of the island.
POLICIES
A. NATURAL BEAUTY
• Increase public pedestrian easement access opportunities to scenic places and vistas.
• Develop and establish view plane criteria to preserve and enhance views of scenic or
prominent landscapes from specific locations.
• Establish programs to identify, acquire and develop viewing sites on the island.
• Access easements to public or private lands that have natural or scenic value shall be
provided or acquired for the he public.
73
Develop standards to incorporate natural and scenic beauty elements as part of design plan
review.
• Maintain a continuine program to identify exceptional trees or tree masses
B. NATURAL RESOURCES
• Encourage users of natural resources to conduct their activities in a manner that avoids or
minimizes adverse effects on the environment s�
• Encourage a program of collection and dissemination of basic data concerning natural
resources.
• Coordinate proerams to protect natural resources with other government agencies
• Ensure that activities authorized or funded by the Count do not damage important natural
resources.
• Encourage utilization of the shoreline for recreational cultural educational and/or scientific
uses in a manner that is protective of resources and of the maximum benefit to the general
public.
• Protect the shoreline from the encroachment of man-made i orovements and structures
• Investigate methods of beach replenishment and sand erosion control
• Promote sound management and development of Hawai`i's land and marine resources for
potential economic benefit.
• Encouraee the protection of watersheds forest brush and grassland from destructive agents
and uses.
• Work with the appropriate State Federal agencies and private landowners to establish a
program to manage and protect identified watersheds and to identify and inventoryforest
lands suitable for watershed pu oses
• Encourage appropriate State agencies to review and designate forest and watershed areas into
the conservation district during State land use boundary comprehensive reviews
• The installation of utility facilities highways and related public improvements in natural and
wildland areas should avoid the contamination or despoilment of natural resources where
feasible by design review. conservation principles and by mutual agreement between the
County and affected agencies.
• Encourage the continued identification and inclusion of unique wildlife habitat areas of native
Hawaiian flora and fauna within the Natural Area Reserve System.
• Encourage the use of native plants for screening and landscaping
74
• Ensure public access is provided to the shoreline, public trails and hunting areas including
free public parking where appropriated establishing�a comprehensive public access
program and promulgating laws and plans for acquisition.
isition.
• Establish a program in which a system ofep destrian access trails to identified places of
scenic historic cultural, natural, or recreational values are planned, acquired if appropriate
and developed.
• Encourage the State to establish a pram to preserve and protect significant lava tube caves
• Within the Kona high rainfall/fog-drip belt, ground disturbing activities such as excessive soil
compaction and excessive removal of vegetative cover should be minimized and mitigated
consistent with management strategies that encourage the retention of existing forested and
pasture areas, reforestation, minimal coverage by impervious surfaces and other strategies
that encourage effective infiltration to groundwater.
• Create incentives for landowners to retain and re-establish forest cover in upland watershed
areas with emphasis on native forest species.
C. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
• Reinforce and strengthen established standards, where necessary, principally by initiating,
recommending, and adopting ordinances pertaining to the control of pollutants that affect the
environment.
• Advise thepublicof environmental conditions and research undertaken on the island's
environment.
• Encourage recvcline of agricultural, industrial. and municipal waste material.
• Encourage air and water quality monitoring by the State in areas of existing and potential
urban growth.
• Encourage the State to continue aircraft noise abatement strategies at Hilo International
Airport and the Kona International Airport at Keahole.
• Support and participate in watershed management projects to improve stream and coastal
water quality and encourage local communities to develop such projects.
• Investigate measures that would provide incentives to control point and nonpoint sources of
pollution.
• Support 12rograms to prevent harmful alien species from becoming established or to eradicate
them.
• Reauiregolf courses to implement best management practices where they may affect ground
and surface water or coastal ecosystems.
• Support examination of implementation strategies of the management measures contained in
Hawai `i's Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program.
75
PART 7. NATURAL HAZARDS ELEMENT
Earthquakes. The Bi¢ Island experiences thousands of earthquakes each year, most undetectable but
some strong enough to be felt or to cause minor damage Most of the island's earthquakes are related to
volcanic activity caused by magma moving beneath the earth's surface and concentrated beneath the
island's two active volcanoes Kilauea and Mauna Loa. Because of this activity, the entire island is
within Seismic Zone 4. the hiehest rating
The island of Hawaii is sinking or subsiding at different rates for various reasons: The great weight of
the island slowly bends the outer rigid laver of the earth and the weight of growing volcanoes is greater
than the earth can support. Large earthquakes also produce coastal subsidence
Flooding. The problems of flooding in the County of Hawaii are attributed to ponding. surface runoff,
high seas, storm surge and tsunami inundation Flood control is usually limited to confining runoff
within natural or man-made watercourses and standing bodies of water. Drainage involves the collection
and conveyance of runoff. The problems of high seas and tsunami inundation are generaliv alleviated by
structural criteria, building setbacks and land use restrictions
In 1982. the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) published the "Flood Insurance Study"
for Hawaii County. This study investigates the existence and severity of flood hazards in Hawaii The
flood boundaries for streams, and the flood insurance zones and base flood elevation lines are delineated
on the Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM)...These maps are the principal result of the "Flood Insurance
Study," and have been incorporated into Hawaii County's Flood Plain Management Pro ram The
"Flood_ Insurance Study," coupled with appropriate rules and regulations of the Federal Emer encu
Management Agency. are hof the Hawaii County Code
Lava hazards. The island is composed of five volcanoes two of which Kilauea and Mauna Loa are
expected to erupt frequently in the future The U.S. Geological Survey has identified lava hazard zones
for the island based on the probability of coverage by lava flows Zone 1 is the area of greatest hazard
and Zone 9 the least. Hazard zones from lava flows are based on the location and frequency of both
historic and prehistoric eruptions.
NATURAL HAZARDS OBJECTIVES
• Protect human life.
• Prevent damage to man-made improvements.
• Prevent damage from inundation
• Reduce surface water and sediment runoff.
• Maximize soil and water conservation.
NATURAL HAZARDS POLICIES
• Review land use policies and building structure regulations as it relates to flood plain high
surf, and tsunami hazard areas.
• Update the Flood Insurance Rate Maps and other flood maps in compliance with the National
Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) as needed
76
• Promote and provide incentives for participation in the Soil and Water Conservation Districts'
conservation programs for developments on agricultural and conservation lands
The "Drainage Master Plan for the Countv of Hawai `i" shall be reviewed and updated to
incorporate new studies and to reflect newly identified priorities from a watershed
perspective that.
i. Considers non-structural alternatives-,
ii. Minimizes channelization,
iii. Protects wetlands that serve drainage functions;
iv. Coordinates regulation of construction and agricultural operations, and
v. Encourages the establishment of floodplains as publicreg,enways
• Development -generated runoff shall be disposed of in a manner acceptable to the Department
of Public Works and in compliance with all State and Federal laws
• Explore new methods of funding for the provision of adequate drains e s stems.
• Establish public and private partnerships to maintain and improve existing drainage systems
and to construct new drainage facilities
• Cooperate with the State to develop an integrated shoreline erosion mans ementlan that
ensures the preservation of sandy beaches and public access to and alon2the shoreline and
the protection of private and public property from flood hazards and wave damage
• Promote public education programs on tsunami hurricane, storm surge and flood hazards
• _Encourage grassed shoulder and swale roadway design where climate and grade are
conducive.
• Develop programs to acquire lands or development rights in areas of high volcanic and
natural hazard.
fUf4heF of the
im agr-ieultlffe lands, and Fe
e
77
faeiky-
TheFe
Me
t
..PoAant to the d@N,eiepmef+t
aFT
The - in NRa-shauld
t
be assisted by
the C-eu*t!,'
effef4 with
Sere .In l Federal .
geRb
n the Ge..eFe 4a
(2) FLOOD-GONTROL AND
—RAINAGE
all
of Aefien
As ur-baHizatien jflC-r-ea5eS-Wj4hjfl
.'1. the a
fun
the s
'*'
I
11
V
tl
P4--"
78
79
A 91 should be provided if+-Pabea if,
!Mpl effleflt4hee Geunty ef Hawaii PaFh Dew-lo-mem Plan Ir__ 41_TZ
Reeemmend that the State Eleveiep th ----Be landing site area
—Rec-emmend establishing a - AA-_� Q
gpihikffe jHfietief4-.
Reeemmend that the State Y and the Mac-KeRzie State ReereatioR
-1
a- - F____
-_ -..,--A 1--A east "aimu,
Ar-ea,b
Yeekee .,„d .Me 7 nCC CI
/7) THD A ATQHD!!H)T A Til1Li
!e\ TLT!\YD T/"_U ADEC` AND STREETS
80
81
!Fl RESORT
be yen es fe
o l-......*. ..hall ..r:.....+ le ..le.., .>♦ n ... to
-raa.w ar. rs7 ua-am-r cvrre
materials,The G_8Uf1t)' Shall SUPPeFt to stabilize and maintain
F:r
.l:ze
the -viability
sueh
opmen i of -the
J ...,.,r ...., i7:1 .
ef the sugar- industry.
as bagasse,
82
83
S
r
\ M
1
\
�Oil
I
83
EneeuFage the State te.pfevide student,
ff - f8F !he
> a
UfIiVeFFiif)' of
Hawaii at
rrPryu•1,.
-isrcir.
housing units
in the
idedy in this area.
L.,\ 1rT LIGATION
gr.ewth needs-.
a
Geuwy shall aetively paf4ic-ipate
high School i*,Hile.
8yal. .,►e the pessa.a:ty of fele
The Ceunty shall eneewage the
!1.\ PROTECT-WE SERVICES
in the development of student and
., ing Y., ole i SehooL
implemeRtation ef existing State and
n u
faeulty
housing-The
Univer-si;y
of Hawaii
84
85
86
87
88
89
Geor-Elifiate and participate with ;he State and the in pr-evidiag4eF+"
90
fe-
91
92
93
MIN
wo 01,
b :.rm
- •
Ify:::
93
94
95
The -amfoofiky
96
97
98
0 Elie-eHffige - A—elopmem of small family or- "broad and bFeakfast" type hotels,
99
F. SOUTH KOHA16A
(1) F-CONOMW
Courses of Action
t
impf:evements11-
> >
.
The ...-..-Wer4E elesely with
f+ % i fa�enl f�f�
y RI �f7'07 Y7984TTCS7'$Y`RCi7 �P'R7II.T.
the State in t adequate land
--awaihae
o
101
102
103
a
105
106
107
108
109
M
III
112
113
-All
R -All
114
Sinee many of the lands in mid around4be-e ned by the sugar. eempany,
The County shaA4equir-e !hat de-velepments which c-rea* a demand feF employee heusing, sha44
PFON,ide f-eF that need.
115
116
11bed afid "
•l
117
•
lWINOW,
WNW
WIN
118
119
low
119
120
SECTION [I1. Severability.] 4. If any provision of this ordinance or the application thereof to
any person or circumstance is held invalid, such invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications
of the ordinance which can be given without the invalid provision or application, and to this end, the
provisions of this ordinance are declared to be severable.
SECTION 5. In the printing of the General Plan for public distribution General Plan
amendment procedures may be included therein for ease of reference
SECTION [12. Effective Date.] 6. This Ordinance shall take effect upon its approval.
, Hawai `i
Date of Introduction:
Date of l st Reading:
Date of 2nd Reading:
Effective Date:
INTRODUCED BY:
COUNCIL MEMBER, COUNTY OF HAWAII
121
"EXHIBIT C"
MM" NO 216-10MR.M.1-
- - -MUM
Amr pr
.. ... .. .. .. .
._ •_
mr-fmrlv.
-min
Omt
NAMMMMINUM
�.
a
The Revised
PiaR
eleffieRtS
F01HOW
to new
data, laws,
and Methnais
Af ap-1-g.,
E:--L.
'...Ay
OSSMeR!
Of the
c
Gefleffil
alyzed
and evaluated
in F8!at:--
!a all
aflA A.-.-.-.
---I,
--A .1
landAaRt
e in
-one element
eould
affee,
elements
as
%'�ll
as the
a ehaRge
if� County and
diS!FiC-t
t
FeV
A 0--fieFal
Plan
gathered
,
---+a F01
identify Present
iRe!Uded
the
eand
e�
--A
aF@ Utilized
in the -Geffefal_-�
f@Fm
aver-Seas
azr+cccs
C_
Cansef-vation
and
the
developffw*t-�
t
t
t_rludiRg
andteogiemia.1,
rie
and
Safea
a
47
felF the
physic-al,a
psyc-hala
e
i-It
.
iRamis
and
t
,
quife
a
'at
ms
use.
of the
I --- %
County.
quality,
and disifibutiAn
Af
.+1
sr...1:.,1
and
health
t +
sewage,
4�_
with
the
and
Studies
evefseas
the
a.
r-elat-
mies
of streets.
to the
uses of
--A ---Ahand
land and
the
spatialt
Fes! of the
State
Use:
r-elatioRship,
and
tapogr-aphy
of
land
uses.
This
sulbdiVided
a66E)Fdifi,-,
to HSOS
into the
felloWiRg
unro.•..�:�oo
F.•.,n, ..rl,-.•
:nA
C+
1
L
t
:)R faedities,
pe
wholesalingge
natufal -hazard
areas.
'Uses.
Egi�k�
includes
Consists
Fedef:aj,
pFiFnar-ily
oRs
Residefltiaj�
d related
State,
of afeas
F
Consists
County
with
'1'r'
-of-sim-le
and
h
URiver-sky
a family
awned
-and
detaelied
lands.
attFibWeS
houses
whic-h
and aReiliar-y
attFaet developments
eemmunity and
Of 'ViSitOF
pub4e
R@Soft�
aec-ammo.1
Single family
has
Eaeh
study
ek-mew
JR1F@ElUetiaR
eeR
and Apalysi-i.
divided
into
Describes
seetns-Av4+ieh
the
afe
element
described
and sufnFAaFiAOS
he!@w.
t +
— _,PE)F!URitiOS
for- the immediate
and
t
r•
Des
ld
r als stated. These att
aNd
rve
the
a
and
being of the
r
a
�
publ'..
basis.
As
of the !'_o..O....1
COUFSOS
an aid to
Plan
of
�K!j2qi Many
l.o
stud),
the
element
-FiteF Felations
ip of th E?OMP
pFeeise
---- IS of
and
the
G"OFal
Plan,.
the separate elementsr
the
m Rl.-;A
seeial
eomd4ionsAvh4c-h
Sites, Natural
iff nee
growth
and
Beauty,
set par-ameter-s
Natural
Resourves
te development
and the Shefzel:--
op
eleFnents
he
deseribe
island.
--*..
The Housing, Pu
General
Dia., lFfielo...entatien
Plan,
Mostr
�
One
of the
ibili
Fe-SpeflS. I
eensepts whieh
implementation
the
are
development
pfesented
of the
of the
in the plan.
General
island
PJaFl F@qtiifes
of Hawaii
the
r-ests not only
development
with the adminiStFative
of middle and
ShEwt
f;a
and legislative-b-a-ches
a
of she
fidnetional, a
0,
Y�
implementation
hiS!@Fie sites,
Althour h fifteen
he pUt ifi
get
housing,
years
Pja6O. Pffthefffl9f:e,
eneampasses
of the
area impr-ovement
have elapsed
programs
Genefal
the pr
and
Plan
fi
adeption
19-4 pr-eeess
ser-viees.
polieies
also
of the
must
Both afe major-
requiFe the
natwal beauty
County's plan
be viewed as
eemponents
adoptioii of or-dimane-es
-and wthe 1: I_
a GORtIRUE)
of the
ill
implementation
to
of the
linear-
establish
maj
and
Of G@ReFal Plan
pr-egr-afps such as
or- compefients kle yetto
dynamie pFeC-OSS -A-5198-Ad
£9Rli
a it -S
lRpUt
40FR
Cr
inizations
shall -be sakited
a
to assist
and
advise
the
Planning Depawnent,
nl.,.,.,:Rg
tr-ansmittal
GeFA,,,;SS:
ons
AReF
the eempletion
;A shia,
to the County
itS deliberation,
andAf4ef -,P
b.
Couneil.
the
the
Couneil
andAw
submit
shall
b
the f:evised
adopt the revised
General Plan
er-al PlaR
With
FOeOffifflefldatiEMS
Fdonanee
as
to the Ma5'E)F f9
the offieial CounPy-of
HaWaii
Poky.
r
The
GouRty
admimistr-ation
A-11
p-epaFo
a Capital impr-ovements
Pr-elxFaM
r
'A IN
e h Wi
11 i SUFe that all County
r
the
and
f9FFRUl..r;....
9in t
and
plemo..r..,:.
.10110.
- -4r.60:....
..ro
1
and p
INTDnils I!`TInN
AATII
AATAI
VCIC
= of the
ec-onamic
faetOFS
t
or Fegion. Such faetor-s
are !a b
b
t
OeOROM�'-
-FOOS
b
the other
elements
of the
pjamnii+g
ffeeted
by
the 106al
t
t
!iN'iflg of the ifldiVidWal.
t
The
size and ChaFaOtff
of
the
popuiation
growthof
developments,
i'rssoecseT
Planning
ar-ds the aehi
mond-af d....F rl.:� �.1
o...opd
9t'P-ORI{,
1@F b
..'
i�?Flfaspe
� r
e
f aee1'
Y
1,' b this
d
,d
,d
a
b
The island
offers
SeVeFal
amenities
eanducive
b
f8F e
h. MaH5
of these
voleanoes,
aFe Rattir-al
laFge land
areas,
and anDespite
these
Most iFAPE)FtOd goods
amenities,
have
to he
th@Fe have
wanshipped
been
a nufflbef
b h
Of
Honolulu.
Pf:E)b!@MS
The
distanees
that telid@d
ffom
to
!he
FetaFd OF lifflit
population
gfeA'th
-seater- of
OR
H@Ralulu,
the island.
the
bb
Wand.
3A4ith the
O*eepti()R
Of SU,-af,
pf-aduets whieh are
unique
t
the island
of
44a-00--ii's
pepulation
and
tour-ism
growsAs
relatively small--popul—ion
businessmen. This
situation
is
in the State,
eammenly
ealled
a "peeket
Faar-ket."
The
–Ir
+t--
A---
disadvantageThe
—
f__
-ffi
6E)StS.
b h
tFftRSpOF6A40*
in addition
to aetual
physieal
damage,
the fear-
of
the FeekIFF@flee
4-mtural
hai�a
dr-oughts,
ds
pFeSefited a
pSyOh8IE)giC-al
C r-owth
on theisland.
baffiff fOF
investment. MeasaFes
to
protest
life and
PF@Per-ty
haye
been planned
and
i fist i t ult-Rd
b
POF*aRt
Part
Of he
County's
@eonofny,
it has
been eelipSed
by
tOHFiSM
as
the
PFiFA---l-' S9HtFibW8F
to the
t
GONfity'S
ec-ofle—l",
these
t
+ mast of -the
ea
.
b
b
y
s of eattle
OB HIM
and
VIM
U.
the SpOetFUM
aF@
the thF@@
sugar plantations
, FAaeadaFAia
whieh
The latter- ac-eaunts'foF
abOkit
three
fourths
of
the people
C
b
.
-aF
b
pr-edueed
in the
State of
Hawaii, OYOF
half
of the
beef consumed, all
of the
ceAae
b Fnest
of the
Fma
b
eS of !he
other er-ops
and
.
The total Valble Of
affieultur-al
b
t
pefvent during the
1970
1994 pef:iad.
Piver-sified
t
)Pie)
ha show
t owth
On the
.•
..
.MIMM
•
.-
..
VEWM.VNL -TM
,.7• th ...:,..,�
� • �
t, hiking
tr-ails,
historic- sites,
sandy
beaches, and
a dik,efsity
of C-limate
e pf:oblems
iss
Waimea. The e, We-ifldus—y
Wilizes feed let
oper-ations.
This
i the
ElOOF f4
the exp
dUStFy
and sila -- -----
of the Masi produc-tiv
em
t
r
peppers, br-E)c-eE)li
and eamots Me t
t
t
l
c
•
.
r ,
ineludinc
eenteF.
t
The Canada PFaReO
time stag ef 47 and an
additional base facilities
base 4aeil:ty was announced
Hawaii Teleseope
annual tbudget,
may c -hoose to leeate
%,.. .70.,01,.....,0•
,.
has
iB Ala
:.. 317..•
its base
-mea
fac-ility in
due to its desir-able
Waimea. The
e
base,
V;FSHFaeRt.
whieh is uiid@F
1R We
expaRS'",
,
a 4IN
3.1-T.TdfT.f_T.'7R:T.CTS7l.SL•�Ii.RETIR!EIT.R.'L.
� • �
l
•
FAj3E)AOd F ....;1 f..olS
ThO State r
at
.. ..
•
_ y.
..
t
in 1974,
• .
MUT, MMMPM�
-
NEI, Aet 235) to Cqstefr
• ..
-
Il.
._�
TTM
•
•.
Y
FAj3E)AOd F ....;1 f..olS
ThO State r
at
the Position of a stateAlso
t
in 1974,
the State
NEI, Aet 235) to Cqstefr
betweeR all levels of govemmew and
Aet 24 -he State
PFi
Legislature
the uFbaR,
c ans inveived with energy feiated
in 1974, tastabli 4 -the Nat—
pr-ajeets
-atOF�'
with
of
poteRtial
Hawaii
4w
-Fe,
at
Ke ahele (Ner-th Kona, Hawaii) to
pf:avide
th
essential
the
supp— -1--+-.eal
eFitefia for- fRep, of C the
efier-gy
Fes -e-h
1994
------
r
r
The
by the er-eatio f *a* ineefWives I-
the installation
-Rd
and use of n
impr-evements iner-ease the level of effieieney,
and
@ReFl,'�y
deer -ease
the
Self
utilizzatiefl-of
PFE)bably remain insipifieant due to
Solar- h..e«g..
energy
"Energy
heating
•
-.1jatof.
The
t
• Ort_ «:.do Sh.,«:.,g .,,,.d
r«.,..el «e.d..er;......
a
,
o
,
changes,
.dere«...:..:.... f..r,.«o .,er;.,:r.,
OR the 7..1.,«.d
of Hawaii,
a
may be designated
within
the uFbaR,
FHFal,
agFip_.,_Jt,_jFp_l Muld- _e@--�
IORd We diStFietS.
On!), these aFeas designated as
geothermal r-esour-ees.
Other-
amendments
to
Ruasp I _E
HthOFit)' to
t
!R
additiOR, the
1994
b
Of 0100 -kir
O
-Al PAeFgy. OR the
Big island,
.,1.. .,
�,,,� � .err .^,r,�ll
On
efiefa
proposed f..«
....«rCen
a
the Big island,
the W..:1..L..
of the !'......r..rs
the -PeFeORt
and Ll......1;:
ele,.r«:e.,l
of total
A:..e«s
,. .d e..�... « .d
e .
deffland supplied by hydFaeleetfieity
Will
PFE)bably remain insipifieant due to
Solar- h..e«g..
energy
heating
•
Well aS
Advanees
OR a
EIRM0140P
in the
h.,
use
RiS
of phate"'Ataie
E?011s
to r
4"Y
S-Eale
as
These
solar
r
Wes
and i
t
4. Wind
Ener
I
r
afaFA in
r
19
MeteOFOlOgiCal
ReseaFeh
fe
ntiRuitig
wind
surveys
to
establish
the
Felationship
between
WeatheF
C-Onditions
and wind
rthS,
speeds,
-Apd- distribution.
Wind
enet:ggy
can be
Used
diFeetly
tor
=
r
Star
-age
rteehtielo"gy
has
been advaneing,
but as
yet
iliVe
r
..*--
A
developed,
Biomass
Hawaii
C-eff*ef&ie*r
will be
in
an advantageous
Posi
He
to-faN'E)Fabl@
wind
r
iy aFeas of
the island,5.
Biomass
is derips
as
"the
total fRaSS
OF atneunt
Of lik'ifig
OF
r
then steam
to
gener-ate
elect
ORL-Fr
r ,
rbagasse.
fikaus
alternate
�Aasw
ener-gy
Biomass
_."
inc-lude
__I_. OaRe
eanver-sioR
feFest
------
PRAUCts
is one
r+ one
ffE)fn planted
of the pr-ajects
sourve
Of
as well
of the
bioniass
as
NEI=14
in
HattiFal
pr-egFaFA
use.
stands
OtheF
of native
at Ke
sources
ahole
of
and
point,
hiomass
exatie spe
and---.iPvalY@S
that have
i -
been-used-foF
and
99%. of
Biomass
the total
ean also
r
be
eatisidefed
solid
ii
-waste,
s4we-44
is the
basis
for tnest
of
mankind's
r ener-ate-electfie-al
or-gaR
iE? refuse,
power
and
(via
ean
heat
be
and
steam)
whieh
r-epfesemts
r
the
rof
the
total
eneFgy
demand.
r
.
r
r
r-eSeffeh
1✓NIAI
the
QN
P9te
A1r 1hT
tial of
AT QUALITY
this .,.,rural
TTY
eaeFff
.,1t„««..tiye
INTROD
T.CT-19N
AND
AUA7
YQTQ
of Hawaii
grOWth
live
in the
in
COU04y
-mit
afe bFifigiffirl
with
qualities
that
stheF afeas
have long
The
pea-Ple,
Of
the County
r "Hd
other
neeessities
whieh eould
affeet
the
enViFE)Rmental
quality
of the
County.
Further-,
a highef-,ta*dI*Fd-of
living
and advanees
in
t
n
quality
The
of the
County's
aif:
basie
and watef.
industries,
The
envif:onmefital
r
,
_4V
,
the
$112, -Lal
County
thus
fie!
beauty
only
of the
enhatiees
island,
n
whieh
the life
is eefttuated
of residents
but
y
is also
the
a
ffn
Of-FOSidefitS
wili7Alipt;
and
nd visitors
pretec-tion
will
a vital
iner-ease
eaneem
the
to
rate at
t
the
whieh
people
'A'
1_1
of
Beal
Hawaii.
FOSOUKOS-,4he
The
amounts
fleeessitate
greater-
of
addition-]
with
sewage
iReFeased
and
--i-es;
r-esidential
solid
waste,
and -O -e-
density.
4i junk
numbff
The
eaf:s
Of ffloteF
long
and
vehieles
t
othef
sef:ap
in use.
tablish
Metal;
in urbanii4ng
the
an
deR+aFA--4or--
areas
opii....
the geR@----*----
r-ieal POWOF
-of pollutants
Ah the
least
WhiCA
w41
anieun!of
Will
-be
east.
Through
legal
have been
en
...--are
administered
r types
felating,
by dig-er-ent
Feder -a!,
State
and
disposition
County
of spec-ifie
ageneies.
Guffent
pellut
leg4
eOMFO'Sar-e
in addition,
The Gemer-al
the
inadequate
Plan
10
te area
iS C-OR6effled
PFeN'ORt,
of the
abate,
ffifflar-ily
or- eontr-ol
with
s it
those
OHN'49fifilefital
lt
C-E)HtFOIS
pollatioii-of-the
Whieh
Can
pFopeF!y
island
he
-at
fOr-RIHiated
-both the
St to and
and e4�0d
Count),
by
levels.
County
.
of the
Cuf+em
unty'
sourees
Of P011Uti8H
This is
aFe
needed
t
est-abli-sh
_- -baseline
net only
f+om
in
the
whieh
amount
future
and
t
deter-iemtien
pe of disehaFge
of
but also
the air-, land,
in Patterns
wimer-
And
t-A-Raffii
The
iNURdatiE)R.
PE)Od
C-OH481
ifl
iS usually
thO COURty
limited
Of HaW&ii
t&C-O�HiRg
aFe attFibUt@d
FWRE)ff
le
Withifl flatUFal
or-
'-!E)FSi
MaH
SUFfaOe FUR
Made water-
-1 - PIP, high
-- ise-s-mand
seas,
standi
and
g.
r h seas and-tstin-ami
iRundation
afe generally
alleviated
by
swuetffa4
e-iwnia,
building setbaeks,
and land
HSO Festneti
_.•
areas.
Ka'u,
These POEA)'
Puna and South
defified
Hilo
water-
di
eour-ses
C
4410;4_lverflow
3u!aF!y
during
tFE)Ubl@d
fain
With thiS PFeb!@FR.
sternis.
The
South
Kehala,
North
Kona, South
KE)Ra,
oriC
,
�.
amac
lying
c-eastal areas
of Ka'w
and
Puna
have
been devast
-A I.,
iC
iaeh
of a
tsunami
of Ji
hazafds
is needed,
rf8F evaeuC
o
dr-aiRage
fle x.9
systems. in
n also hinders
syst
many
areas,
.,�e......n�
led
mSystems.
the
by plantations.
eapab4--*---
"takedr-aiRage
-41 ex-s-ing
gaeh plaRtation
drains, ehannels.
t
town has
and
developed
eulve
The
abseRee
its
haw-
OIAIR
been e*eeeded
of easements
sewerage,
dur-ing
in
water-, and
heavy
C
drainage
and development
This
of plawami
Sinee 1971,
mueh
esni lamid
pr-agFess
tations
shapt
has
te
has histsfieally
been
beeR
made in allOViatiflg
plaRted iR
flood
sugaF, goveffiniew
and
t
will
Reed to take
a niefeW44*4OL
t
C
C
"Drainage
C
dr-aiRage
and fleed
control
in
Hawaii
Goumy.
The U.S.
Army GOFPS
Of I;RgiR@OFS
has
pr-evided
studies
identifyiR#-4keC
problems,
Reeds and
extent
of FedeFal
paf4ieipatiOfi
ifl AE)Gd 60-8_1
paf:ticulm
flOedplaiHS.
The
U.S. DepaFtFAeRt
C
0
studies.
The SCS,
t
these
ageneies is essential
for fuFthef
C
n
for-
HaWaiiCounty.
the fleed
the Plead
This study
insur-anee zones
insur-anee
Rate
C
and base
Map (FIRM)
flood
r-espec-tively.
These
maps are the
pr-iRcipal
Fesult
of the
"Flood inswanee
Istudy,"
and
have
been ifle@FpEwated
The Stat
into
Hawaii
Caunty's
i
C e and
Plead Plain Management
flood eefitr-el
PFagr-afn.
through the
D@pa-1----,
and Natuf:al
Resources'
DivisionBeeause
ff
Chapter
of t --need
H., 840t)',
27, alang with
fOF
afid
the
b tter-
geneFal
geed
eE)E)FdiR&tien
NAVA-M.-RF-P.,
eantrel
a A. d-
pf
between t
flood plain r-egulatiens.
Hawaii County
i ions within the
enstruptiA
The
Code entitled
[blie and --:-,ate
di-ki
-of pFoper-ly
n
"Pead
losses
klilding,
due
planned
t ene-Y
to
and
flood
gFadiRE_
dFaiRage
v
eanditioRs
eades,
systems and
Ageney,
in specified
is the legal
UFban
has
auth
beesiReoFpef;ated
DISTR
C S
C
C
flooding
t
'm
Mw
- b
i
!
_
,
NOW
i
,
..
.....
i
7
-
AA
_-
!
MRIMINN
! _
!
i
i
��•i�1 �i1 •lli��
-
!
..........
i
- --------
!
f !
f
•
f
i
•
•.
!
!
!
i.
i
i.
•ON!
_
!
- •.11011
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f
•
i
!
•
IF.
•�
_
I-_
MINI
rl
-Ir MMUM NIM ".1101001M.
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.9
MMICOMMI
!wm
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TV
!
•.
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!prZOPNINIMMORPM
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.....t �:
!VM.W.•
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..
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.....
.... ..
....
!
!
!
I_
•
ININ
..
-
..
-
...,.
IN
I
MT
..
IR
.. _
WI
....
_ _
_
Mmj-
..
'
-
•
■
..
•
PlyrimraLl
�.
•
•.
-
. I.
.. I•
•
■ .
•
•
ONIM■ .. I.
r I.
INNI■
. _
..
1 .
• .-
_...
IMMUM
_ .. ..
.. .. .. ..
_ .
...
Fmal
_
l
1 1.
•
in 1920, the aanchorager
A..hea
U.......;;
Derer
..;..
• Tong Wo Seeiety
• Yehele Distr:er Ue..epuee
Bu l
Hawaii
ehange
•
Cook's aFFival,
1 ean feveal
it still sofitaiRs FRafly UlidiStUFbed histerieal sites.
infoFfnation impokant in r-eeenstr-uotiiig Hawaii's eaFlyr
t
DegiSter
e9a1 RG gi jFer
C
john Palmer- Par-koF
where he expanded his oper-ation
2 the missionaFy
was influential
imo
Lor-eni%
in shaping the char-aeter-
gest privateiy
Lyons arfived in Kawaihae.
of Kohala. He st-ar-led-
owned faneh in the
He established his
in Kawaihae
eN,entually
wer-ld.
station
at Waimea
and hunted
moved to
and hii
the r
XePafkff
Waimea
ineluded the dis,4iels of
..
Yhala and soon established
Although the eshar-aet
Koh -Al -a and
a ..elle... English
F of Ko ala
Ten years , ReVeFend
reheel
has 0
Elias Bond iook over-
the
missian
duties in
noahern
the population are still found
past, as do john Yeung's
c
in both NeFth
house site and the
bilo
and South Kehala. Me'okifii
eafly ChFistiaR •
and Pu'ukehela Heiau
still
stand
as manuments
tE) the
• Yoh..l.. Pilgrim Ch..reh
3-
A..hea
U.......;;
Derer
..;..
• Tong Wo Seeiety
• Yehele Distr:er Ue..epuee
Bu l
Hawaii
ehange
Register/National
Cook's aFFival,
1 ean feveal
it still sofitaiRs FRafly UlidiStUFbed histerieal sites.
infoFfnation impokant in r-eeenstr-uotiiig Hawaii's eaFlyr
NORTH KON n
• U..l:hee Ael....e Yee.....0 e...e:: De..:sfer/Nati....el
• Meuaikaaad; hureh Keepu Hawaii DGgY9Cer/Nati
DegiSter
e9a1 RG gi jFer
C
The Kena distriets have been veFy
population was settled in Nillages along the
religious, seeial, and politic-ai systems whieh
Holualea, and Kahaluu. in South Kona, they
When Capt. Geek ar-Fived a! Kealakelma
knewn that he was aeoepted as the god bome
foreign ships stopped in Kona fer sever -a! yeaFs.
Kona until the eapital was moved to Honolulu.
serwing as the main part. in 1820
signifi6aRt
eeast.
evolved
Me loeated
and
the
Various
in
at
Bay in
visited
in P92
The
first missienary
ifl the hiStOfy
r-aler-s lived
Hawaii. in Ner-th
Kealakel-ma and
janHar-y 1779,
heiau and village
Capt. VaneouveF
di . i . .
station
ef Hawaii. BefOFe the affiVal Of Capt. GOGIE, a laFgO
iR the aFea and have lefl evidenee 4 the-eemple*
K@Ra the fnajoF eofnple*es aFe joeated a�-�,
Henaunau.
during-KQNA
he r-eper-ted that lhfaR TI ;r
sites at Napeapoe. Pollowing Ca,
LIOAR a tFees, grapevines,
4 the sandalwood and r
WithKealakekua
en the island was established in Kailua.
Although Kom has e*per-ioReed Fapid
Most ef these sites aFe Of tFaditi@Rajl)' HaW
histery.
ehange
sinee
Cook's aFFival,
1 ean feveal
it still sofitaiRs FRafly UlidiStUFbed histerieal sites.
infoFfnation impokant in r-eeenstr-uotiiig Hawaii's eaFlyr
NORTH KON n
• U..l:hee Ael....e Yee.....0 e...e:: De..:sfer/Nati....el
• Meuaikaaad; hureh Keepu Hawaii DGgY9Cer/Nati
DegiSter
e9a1 RG gi jFer
• A h...........: Ue:.... Yeauhe.. Aler;enal
R 'rrer
C
• Hale Q Y..«e Ue:e.. Yealakehe L]......,::
De..:..rer
i:
-
1
.. ._ . .. .. ,. .. • .
_ •
• . � h r
• •will
• i
• h
rIN140T. Aftyrr
•
rimp
• raz:u o.aar.c-r Manuka Hawaii Re
t
• Kuleiina Coomplcn rManukla iiai:uir-xDc.c ricer
Ka'a Man -'a Hawaii Registef
e ..le'c''T Ma .. .L
• C,, th rY
J
Hawaii RegiStOF
w L]..h:r..t:.... — le^ � L U " D
........,,.......,.. .....;: t.... ii arca xzu�o=Rrirrec`Crazcr
• South Point Complex ., YAT e' 1 D
Y::
r
gisteF
t
• DerFognv.ho Alaiohw:.a Hawaii Degx sr
m!A
arxvua1
D ctxoco�
•MA m L. 0 14ral-
IMM
.NOW-
i WHO
•- -
•-
..
slmm•-
awl"Mm":
n C Pi 7 Milea Nui
View-of Mauna Lea ffeFa
t
Seenie view of shoreline
..
m
M
..
-
IWA
.-
..
.
-
-
MO.
NAM • ..
..
S
1 .
_
.Y
...
_
..
..
....
■
houselets
have
on a leasehold
Sinee the
been Fgani,%d-ondef
adeption
basis are Foade
of the County
-the 197
available
of
1 Hous'...,
to eligible wisive
Ham.,aii's Goemewal
and Community
14R;.A.,Riians. in the
Plan, Fed@Fal housing and
1e -l_1_____ A- -rt,:
mid 80s, the
Department
Placed
estabji&4ed--an.
r
nitieh of
Additionally,
t C56MR;
eaunt),
gON'OFfiFfl@RtS
hal,'O
As to the leeal
be@fl granted
e4-.
sifnilar- and PaFallel al"OFities
to
the State's
Hawaii 14
bHousing,
The Housing
Ageney
has
the
to develop
housing,(QH9P).
eapabiliiy
affordable
either-
0
Hjunetion
with the-96-4eOf
thr-ough
joi
!.h the pFivate
seetoF.
014C -D ad-minisser-s-
thea Feder -a! Seetion
9 rental assist-------
benefitinglev.,
ineemiep
families,
manages
sevef:al
housing
r-E�eots and ad
funded
under- the 197
4 Housi
b
--Ac
County
along with
the Federal
and State
govefflfliefitS.
r
Housing
Authority
multiple
and the
family
private seetef.
housing, low
units have
and FnE)de
been senstmeted
9ups and fqF
through
the
Too
dat, !,?95
units, bothd
Hawaii
administer
While the
-ed by
County
beth the
has been
Feder -a! and
gf:anted
the State
fner-e auther-ity
govemmeRts have
in th@ PFGI.'iSiOR Of
ehanged. The State's
he-.."
programs are
t
yeafs
the PFOgr-ams
diStFibutint
funds
f,&F housing
t
L_
rr.,.
r
...
a:
stf.
eva
dent
G
'-
r an eRF-llFne
849 students-
40H
G
tFadO
t
kifideffaFteR
thFOUchr
lfth gFade
r
level. 11
also has asehool
bf:aneh-i*the,4��-Qwies.
'Fade
!The
4V:1.+ I—
level_
Kapaau
eAllpoliAi;
Libr-afzy
Af
has
24 `15-
4Pm:k—im
a eolleetion
volumes
Sehool,
4Rd-adequately
alse in Waimea,
of 7,999 volumes
and
ser-ves
serves
adequately
both
a4 25
school
student
SeFVeS
and eanimunity
earellmeRt
!he ---A-
fFem
-1 *1-.-
Ree& Bemeojffl
seventh
Ad*stf:-*
pl;i4e
t
rt.
f t Ale
P+
The
Kona
pubfie
sehool
of the
Kenawaena
Sehgol
eemplex.
situated
an a 50.64
affe
Site, G
2,087 students
&efn
kinder-gaften
through
Ae
level mdfit
eighth
•
r
r
G
G
L
kinder -gar -tem
needs of the
t
aFea. The
Kona
r
__e
S A!U
Pf 44e
111, -110
BOAS aFe
Supplied
fFE)FR
Pahala.
- 55
students
ffE)FA
r
hth
.
PUBLIC FACILITIES.
PROTECTIVE
SPRAWES
nA
,
,OaSt
GUaFd,
r
-PFOW-five
aFffieFiest
'
St 6f
lec-ated
faeilities in
!8
Hilo and
•
Miles
Captain
We—
G -4
.10-at-mthe
--also
epA
have holding
of the
eel!& fOF
+is
-Ll;-Il
elVefflight
seFVed
d
by
a single
weF
slepes
of Mauna
Lea.
T -l -e
The
U- --d
States
QaF
housingPaeflity,
..
.. ..
•..1"ITINTMEIV,
------------
M.,
..
..
�-
MIN
..
-
...
.
-
WWI
�21
-
Y.
,De-
C
a
t �>
D851 Off.,
•,_, are .,, Capt GO"' u,.t
t uy
•1ua dy 1
1 1
.
Y1C• U
The
PUBLIC IIAO
u—
TTTDC. TSL•Ai TU AND SANITATION
es RFe
Weatedr
------
TATTRQR Tr`BON
A i V CTC
ANP AM
The CouRty
Hospitals and Related
is respensible for- the genef-l_e9mo-9f4._.
L., :1:
Five hospit& FR -E,
>
waii County
Netwer-k. The
suFgic
C
.
C iphy
and PBPU!atiE)Fi
diStFibUtiOR
that
Together --these
Building
a new seeoRdaFy eaFe f6eifity
+t- Ll --- I-
Fid C
the GOHRI�'.
C
rr•
., IAL,:...o.,
eper-at
Di.... r..r:.... I: 1
.1 HeR 1
J v
C
C
an
-. -
- -
-
..
..
..
MV
Mn ..
..
•. .•
_. _
.._ ... .
�_ r.
..
�.
.... __ _ ... _ ._... ...VVEMINI
_ .. .. ... _ Y MrTw.
., ..
..
Maliapala
Ke6hee-.The
G
The KaaHhUhU
S"S1__M
Obtain&
its Water-
49m
Lindsey
Tunnel
undew
a- ie -ase
r
VA
I
=
aver -age_
.
The
14aWi KE)
this
System is i 40,600
gallensjxw-4a-Nr
r
G
tt
.
gua
t
=
r
in
s
r
PfeSeHtly
take CaFe
ef this
e t
*r-
can he
piped
inG
ftr
t
GeufA.
SO
3 0.0281
T-14 KON n t
million
n
_
P+efi4e
to Kawailiae.
The
present
=e daily
of
beth
systems
34 million
WaimeaSystem
is the Wailielea
Sozeam.
he
Kawaiihne
AA RuPLA
ited
G
by three
deep wells-
ew-fF@m-+I-_
eams
DiffiRg
extended
r
ht periods,
the
supply
is netr
_-Fr
deep
1,200 feet
wells at the
Waimea-Ptiuk-pu
elee-val"
system
The pr -es--*
sver-age
daily
is
1.60
Millie,
G
K4QNA
aver-ageThe
uses an
G
PfOf&
Kaawalea
done
The Kona
ahupua'a.
only dHFi
system
These systems
Kom
ean h
a-_-
i and at- a
er.E2E)fiReA
.,ery
--A
POSSib
traRSPOR
at
V-
Kaha4uu
water-
and
f+eFA
one
one system
well -at
Helualea
— the
-L-01
otheF.
'M_r
!he
This,4%7--.h
estimated
safety
abolu
eapa-e—,
Kona
syste
WeVOF, is
9.4 million
r
i6e
aFea eme-nds
ffem Kealakek-
wells the
Q_I^-1
+L,-
d to
Niamalahea
Kaawalea
Highway
in 4
and fed
by
m
rRe
-41—
ep&uth
Kona
UppeFSOR.
system.
The avefage
t
G
iORS-
1) Ke alole
t
AiFpOft
to K-241-1.
gallons
per- day.
The se-een
r Aiii_
demand
safe eapaeiily
He
for the Keaulieti-ar-ea4
a Reaeh Re
9-m"ea
0.88-2
s supplied
gallefis.
mi4ien gal4on-
bHhfee
The avenge
wells
A
-at
Kee;
9.49&
million
gall
ilEe the
IT I
V___
Rd a
I
r
Pfe4le
Mountain
Hein,.
T. 1
c
,
G
r
.he
b+
r+i...-fi§hifiat
beatific,
G
!The
fWHFe
b ll
G
G
r
r
G
+
r
ftMC4iO fi& Reighb&fhe(A-p-layfields.
-Par*
paviliens-
b &-afe-filse
aFe
used
used
for eem
g&;-aHd SC -11881
Rgad- famg*
Ya
-*-k TheFe
PQ 1 51
aFe also
As lot siges beeeme
smallef-
--A
BuFses+
.
t8815.
The -n
rffl@flt
of the
eas.
This plan,
however-,
-needs to be
re.
b
la some Fiff—a—ea&
b
G eondiieted
R-
111G
well
as DepaFtment of E4uea4oR4aeil46-s
for all ehildfzefi,
gFadeS,efl
t6
six.
-s-
W M ii
----.her,
"P st
90d with
beaeh
I
lifeguards
+
oR-week"ds
and he
Man), of the
PUNA
edueatienal
G
emmd
A W.—
at Pahea.
meas w4l
The C-eunty
has
r
has
Many of
the
ether-
paAs
in the-P%ne
are
heaVily
Used
in
by 1440
FLSidOMS f9F
PiefiiC-1
G'
G+
G• Suffing
and
fiShiR
G'
-ple
.
:s
t.•
fis
G+When
G
G
th
FaMp
Gpr-ovided
a0jacceRt
to
the
park
H-ar-Fy
K.
BFown
Rpifill11G
Paf:!E
G`
(22.9
ac-----,'
md
t'
Kaimum
Beach
PaFh-
G
(11.4 we-desjl
G
ffe GeURly
Feffeatienal
G•
areas
in
KalapaRa
used
49FA the
ShE)Feli
He- i&-a-mafe4r
'
the
u1se
e-. r-_effeaNeff-afeas
along
the
C -east. Kaimu
Beach
is
G
enjoyed
for- it
-
-
G)
G
Owever-
there
are He
Festr-eom
G
G
SlaF 8f
the Sea
Cat
-
usedfeF
G+
fishing
and
G'
G
G
G
King's
G+
jhLA
G
G
�mia-xz�x�v�:
The
Coumy's
Glenwood
Park (14
—Alalong
the
Voleane Highway,
t
adequately
Ser-YeS
tFaVel
�"FitbC9
Nine
se
G
playfields.
inadequate
landseaping,
and
i
G use
of
-IF
_
Geund
)
areas de
flet
Hilo
have
also
easy
has
aeeess
-fawteen
to
G.
Univer-sity-
of Hawaii
at 44RE),
"YO
Sf-
""t'
"'-_
—T'%---,--FlMeRt
of
maintained.
A tH;5
AWUetlefl.
gymnasium
Center- and
Outside
playfield
(Depaoment
of uFban
in-
14i
of
-1-Meo
and
expia
i,
G
and. playfield
in
:_
f
f and-
o£E.1. ..t:
OT9�
o
.,11..1:
J
ea to
Ft
1.
1.1,
neighboring
a
County
and
the
otheF administered
by theG
G
with a
tpageants,ritu
804
spe
) -and
G
par -eel.
vehieles
Pi
-eeni
ecc-upy
valuable
inehades
)
the
—Zeek
---
and
---
!he Equestrian
seven
developed
Center-,
boac-hes
f
about
-4,000 linear.
feet
of A
(20.9
aefe&)T-�Reed's
Bay Beach
Par -k (3.9
C
aeres).
Near- the
meuth ekhe
a
4 4 9.6-a with a -
-Atien
r,
t,
b
Ar
Steep
eliff-S
r
Make the C-OaStai
'A'atOFF,
Of the
RertheFR
PeffiBR
ef the Sewl+44AE)
.
district iFiac-c-essibIL
-------
laf-
r
r
r
iR the
r
C' The
fishing
Thefe
craft
are three
and other-
fac-ilities
fef small
beats
1--ated
a! the
the
by
r
NORTH
The
HI
stleh as
Lyman Heus
LO
r areas
-a MeFAeFial
aFe needed.
MUS-
A 94+e4e-pr-;va4eIy
ewFied
efily museum.
golf
it is
"63.2 wFes) is 4ocnated
pri*a4ely-owfwd,
on the-Waia6a
r
,
r
,
,
r
>
a b0af FaFnp,
paFkifi,r
Neither-
H A Awa Azzavr
have
iKUA
L.. ilia' and
aFe
r
,
p6yfie4d-.
Or- > theFe
is inadequate
lighting
faeilities-iR
9 f
H. -MRS
r
r
safer
r
dHe
r
r
r
r>
r•
r
The
t•
t
r
r
rwith
pieflir
t
.
r
The 18
We
t
TD A NSPO
T A
PON
r
A A L
VCT&
iNTRODUC-440N
AND
N
thet
r
Wh_ieh they
a intended
...
r•
r
is for
—1—F-11
system
rather -than
r
r
planning
stage.projects
have-
-wh;'_-ffi&fiy
H.&W
r
the expansion
-of the
Hi
le A.*—
R !he con.-
r
,
Funding
r
t
k-lAS Of
c
has
been de
iming
aPA4hUS
the
finaRei..'a
directly
by
These
r.
the pfivate
seet- a5'
be
Fequifed.
--A; -- ----
r
:A--
I
plan ef the
County.
Te
be eg
>
QfQ
r
The fell owi
t
TATTROD
TC•T ON
A ATT
A AT A i YSTS
Gentiffue-
--A _M Feqrwill
Id
t
stFeets
must loe-plafiRed
with
ation
elements
as
+
planningTh
The
G enefAly
r
t
`
-educing
implement the need
d-imp-sevements.
t
The County
ef Hawaii
Of these
has 1,294
systenis
miles of poWie
do at Meet PF@Sefit
f:eads. q:his jnc-jude-
Stafldaf& and-
0 moes
ofPfftie%
em
E) Miles
974 -miles
of
al
GFltvt
traffic or:.... .
V
r
The majer-
high -way
-C
L,- '-land is the
Hawaii Beh Highway—.This
--H
these twe aFeas is expeeted
Ove-F108-heM.
to he
built.
alleviate the pFebleni
of distamee beiwee*-east
and
west
Hawaii,
a highway
b
The
r is an analysis
b-1
.4.-.-: CA vAth
afl4--g4Feet§.
eaeh
distrie!
is
r
D7�-v�r
Pf e
.
region;
1
liRkiF],-
4 law di*Wed highway
an the -Wend,
r
has been given to PFepeF
OFea:
SQ�414TJTT n
1 -3 -B -Se
P -84 -341 -Jr -A
-and A--.----
r
PFOfile
r..offies4ead-areas.
Fe
is a,
sysiem
:gland
r
r
t
r
HS
a�
pittefS
new land- opened
NQ
pFefile
SeveF,al,of-the ges
4AMA A
-sianees,
4r ---
aleffg-this,
-J1---,-1-eu4-4hed1
there
highway
ar-teFial
is
as 68FF.
ffe fiaFr-ew. Landslides
and eel
eF
do net R*et pFesent standaMs.
also BeeUF along
r
Peak !FaffiO
Many
&-i-neFeased
eeftain POF4*8RS
seetiens
hours.
Of
The
of -the
this Sygtefli
Keaukaha
dk§F;Hg
,
have
,
aFea 4s
sharp,
as
heavy
Realignment
and
r
CiFekilafio-
the
106akfaffie
is on
Maniane
c
due
Gesti
4 the
feet.
dividiRg
r
r
t
r
Rum
b{�
G
F�id�g,���s,,
T7t'FtY"rC7."
NORTH
KOH Ai
A
r
G
P+of+7C
r
t
r
r
t
r
Highway
"offi. Waimea
te Nona
r
tShek
Si_'
G
m--crnT
r
nsir-uetiefl
of these
ty-ans
r
W:11 I—
#
r .
t
r
G
t
to
the
Kavjua�gay
aFe
t
Highway
is via
Palan. lead.
floodings
The
rlimited
Sighting
4e
The
ffiffiar-)'
highway
e
f9ad—sin
TDAUCDl1DTAT1lIAT
the
4---- si-obdivision&-afe
TRDARTRTAi
C. A7DDl1DTC
O
ti
A T3 f%Q
ng
IATTD r1TlT
T!'TTl1RT
A ATT A Ai A i
\STC
r
r
and the
PI -a
Altheugh
-ming af
the
Stote
�aeem land
uses-.
'r
sponsibW Ire.-
the
use
of both deepr
4+afb@FS
rit
--A
Them aFe
two deep water
is
t
t
Wisht
- -
- .
MIMMMM
Mam
.
in the
Piano.." T'l-mr-EfRent
aG
G ht
in deffland as sites-foFc
r
o the
r•
r
shall
t r3eeirie
uses
in C-OnfeFffi
RC -e
t8 !he
_ _
a
Ave yeaFs;
these
= guide
Maps-
shall b
e
be aid
l ^R
F
!
r G
gr- ear
G
Land ZE)RlftBaRk
G
the
J
.1
1 Dl
T=Ta'+'z�+casr
1H C-qRjjjRC_tj@fl
t
Ban E will alsoG
W4 -W fWthef-alle-a-ed
be eenstfued
to -be
to
the absolute-desiFed-aefeage
the -urban
and
Fur -a! eente
'A
r
aRethef if the
Reeds
' Uffer
dieated
within
he
at;E)ideneeda
in the eve -I
"Land
" the
a
Arl.7P thi the
F@SOA
e8filpleXeS.
e
The
well as te
eaneept
mit the
ef "Zone
mem
effi
.-oFrefated
in th
Zen'
G
G
types wi4hif;
hic-h have
an a -.-pa, thedeffsity
iope-r-aphis
t
shall ne+
ainaG
exeee
--that
Fk3F.Adentia-1
A rl.
.a '11
L.
G1 F '1 '.l
r' 1 '
t
The
aG
G ht
in deffland as sites-foFc
,.:..t
AGRICULTURE
have
been desigRated
.t.,._ t
SeG
bY
_I_BRs to be of gfeatef
!a !he
PT-TR lID
CTION
AND ANALYSIS
ac
Use r
r
G
-
xcrcrl c�-�
zoar.z�
G
eemmefeial
r
C
G
r
At th-
G
r.
r
r
,
eLREWPO
r
initially investigated
G
r
G
these r-elatiRg
G
a
G
+t---
G the lanj
use
G
off
i
bedetOFFRifle
areas, beth
what adjustments
the State
a-- _--my
will
be Fequir-ed
have
established
to alle-sw affieUllUr-a4
goals. qbjecative&-afid
ifideStFy
to fna
A-
eAeef
lfl agr-iC-HltHFalbL4e&ig*ated
a desima
ffieUkUffilG
the state's
The
land-41&
ehafigas
to the
land
tem
use
f8f:
r-egulatOR'
eewr-alhfig
la"d ase,
and.-` r
State. As
affieHhOWS
eeRtFi
U60R
to
the
r
eestS:
G
G h ees+
a
r
ag�e:
a
he
key faetOFS
r
—StFUCAUFing
of our4and
use
r
,
andact
these
d_
evide
an added
Fange to
heusing9pl_.,_
f
utiliziRg landsu
n
a
+
f
f
f
- ..
-
N..
i
..
..
_
. ..
.
.
r.
MITAT
r.
161'r-TWOUT
114
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e
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.
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and
suFFounding
office
developments,
and the
downtown
t
business distriet may fuFth
-..,YWafflakea
Multiple ewner-ship
NORT-u urr n
P+e€ile
Homesteads
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r
FeS:ao,... ..P.1... a:.>
u�
The town Of
The small
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of Kukuihftle
e
a was the-
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tKawaihae
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,
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t
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c
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a
�yaFe
eL.e A'
Mr.
par-al4eled the a
ffpUlatiON
0
0 Of
0
bkfildiflaa
Reads. Kaflua
there is ., 1....L
Fetail
Kena
..f adequate
pr-ovides
afid
seFk'ieeS
park...g
fOF bOth-fe&id_-
f.,..:l:.:e..
d
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K
visite-s.
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o
-
rfnti
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ate
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With
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t
'd rll� rr f4
1 1.
',J
villageSOUTH
fmauka area
and-
an
geerea
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pTJ r-:1.,
Y
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fieeds
F
'PY�-Y�^YrCl��' _^
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t
,
s speeialty
,
the. area
of the
Hawaii
Veleanees
Natkw.A4k-wk-.
t
t
Ian
t
cl a A
pfeduets
OF other-
afiG
key
f:esowees.
hinds of
-4rG
iRd
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G E4
theseKeahele
distfiet
Punas.
Booth.
these
and
G eothemal
te
ef
--,r
de e
G
L
t
tHOSPReFe
rl.' this dis ..r
•
G+
,
G•
--A
are lee-ated
e4ose--to
There aFe
indiea
lAnds
3,858
'R
4 iRdustFially
1985 there
zoned
WeFO 2,099
lands
acres
in
used for-
107
aeFeS Of
G+
WhiC-h
aFe N'WaFlt.
G
The
land
zoned
for-
Geeffimefeialfid
ifleempatible
industrial aFeaS Fie
EIS-i
-Feates
an uadesif:abie
land
use Pattem.
.1a Met, the
physieal
a ---------
G
-------
!he island's
intended to G
The FnajOF
industrial
G
G
t
,
4i+•�7Y9�i�Yi :3Cnl�
t
with highway weess
to4�eth
distfiets
-------- 4he-ElVai
!ability of-s4tes
G
been
SOUTH l4jLo
though
gnitude
G
eentOFS afe 10--A
-Ise
jeeated
w these
in
plantations
the eity.
1n
and ;hese
eemmunkies
eentain a few
y shipping
t
--flef:
-A,
Point
-Fiat-,eF4eL-,.
'"
the
the
etheF PES-11-JIM.,
1ibPYYF!
1
advaRtagp,
G+
ity
+
_...
r..
------------- -
. _
.
• .. ,
1
..
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WIN
_ .. . - .. .. .
of
ILAN
.. _ ..
_
.
.. ...........
r-Bd@Fal landS ftSflifl—
Hawaiian HeMM-S
1., share ed by
eent ef these
ate!y fifty
gever-nment em,Fied lands whiie state
o. .
"large landownersThe "
lands, ifieludiRg these 4 the pepaFtw&M+1-4
r
GeuRty owned lands
ifl the table, weetiRt
afneum to less
fer- 44 per- eent
thaR 1 peF Cent of the total iand -Rr-L2R
ef the Geunt),'s 2.5 FaillieR affes,
PC the isiand. State eA,Red lands, summariied
with dist i t
I
17 PeF C-efit in-&euth Kena
--Fai lands in the
inteie�
te a high ef 76
Geuflty of Hawaii
POF cent iR NeFth Hilo. State lands
include the Hay.,-Aii VA-le—ane-es NatieRal
iRc-iu both e*istiRg and
RaFk and the Nasii4PW Hister-�- IaFks at