HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0267.000 1996-1998 OJNtV OF N~~' Y
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AL SMITH , 1~n%,•. Phone: (808) 961-8267
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COUNTY COUNCIIa
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Counh~ of Hawaii C~J.; i L,:~ +'.+il
Hav~aii County Bvildinti
25 Aupuni Street
Hilo, Haeuaii 96720
April 18, 1997
TO: JAMES Y. ARAKAKI, CHAIR
HAWAII COUNTY COUNCIL
FROM: AL SMITH, VICE CHAIR
HAWAII COUNTY COUNCIL
RE: LETTER DATED APRIL 9, 1997
Please have the attached Hawaiian Paradise Park Community Master Plan numbered and referred
to the appropriate committee for consideration. Mr. Jung, President of Hawaiian Paradise Park
has requested that this be agendized in June.
Thank you for your consideration to this matter.
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COUNTY OF HAWAII
April 9, 1997
Mr. Al Smith
Hawaii County Council
25 Aupuni Street
Hilo, HI 96720-4252
Dear Mr. Smith:
The Community Action Committee of Pazadise Hui Hanalike. the owners association of
Hawaiian Paradise Park, has completed a community Master Plan. This Plan has been approved
by the Board of Directors and the Membership of Pazadise Hui Hanalike.
The Board of Directors requests that you please forward the Plan to the County Council Planning
Committee Chairperson for review. It is the hope of the Board that you introduce and support the
Plan.
Thank you for your attention to this request.
Sincerely,
Gary Jun
President
HAWAIIAN PARADISE PARK
COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN
March 1997
A FUTURE VISION FOR OUR
COMMUNITY
Prepared by the
Community Action Committee of
PARADISE HUI HANALIKE
,
Table Of Contents
I Background . 1
II Plan Development Process 9
III Public Hearings . 17
IV Land Use Plan . . 19
V Implementation 22
VI Summary 24
APPENDIX
a Archeology Summary . i
b Hydrology Study. ii
MAPS
1 Location a
2 Existing Land Use b
3 Land Use Plan . . c
4 Vicinity .d
SECTION I
BACKGROUND
1.1 OBJECTNES
In October 1993 Paradise Hui Hanalike Corporation, the community association of Hawaiian
Paradise Park authorized its Community Action Committee to sponsor a community plan
development seminaz. The mission of this seminaz was to create a vision and amap/plan of
Hawaiian Paradise Park as a mature community. The reasons for this effort were many and
important.
The subdivision of Hawaiian Paradise Pazk located I S miles southeast of Hilo contains over
8,800 building lots and was established in the late 1950s. This subdivision fronts State Highway
130 and stretches four miles to the Pacific Ocean and is three and one half miles wide.
Approximately one and one-half miles of Highway 130 passes through the subdivision beginning
at its northwest border.
From its inception until the present there has been no plan for this community other than the lot
layout by the original developer. Currently this azea is referred to in the County General Plan as
an orchard.
At this time there are an estimated 2,600 homes in Hawaiian Paradise Pazk with over 6,000
residents. It is the fastest growing community on the island with at least 100 active building
permits in effect on any given day.
The potential population at maximum buildout for this community with current ohana housing
regulations is well over 30,000.
1
The intent of the Community Action Committee in pursuing this planning effort was to create a
plan for the future. It was not to encourage, but to contain development within azeas that would
be pedestrian oriented much as historic village centers were. Presently, special use permits are
being applied for with no known plan to follow by the county nor by the community residents.
The Corporation, through the Community Action Committee, established a goal and related
specific objectives for the Hawaiian Paradise Park Community Master Plan as follows:
Goal
To develop a plan for a rural community with more than 8,000 residential homes. This
plan will include small commercial enterprises, light industrial, recreational
opportunities, parks and schools in a functional, attractive and financially feasible rural
agrarian environment. The community will also plan for appropriate shoreline uses,
public facilities and infrastructure to be developed over 25 years.
Objectives
Land Use: To develop a plan for an integrated community which may be
incorporated into the County General Plan. This Plan will phase-in
the required infrastructure over time and provide for a mix of land
uses in a functional, efficient and aesthetically pleasing style.
Roads: To develop improvement to existing roads during the next 25
yeazs which interconnects the various land uses within the
community and accommodates all modes of travel.
Parks: To develop recreational facilities that meet the range of needs
arising from 30,000 residents over the next 25 yeazs.
2
1.2 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER PLANS
1.2.1 General Plan
One purpose of the Hawaiian Pazadise Pazk Community Master Plan is to serve as an
implementation tool and guide for the next revision of the General Plan of the County of Hawaii.
This Master Plan is not intended to supersede the next revision of the General Plan nor pose
additional developmental controls; rather, its function is to guide land use actions by both the
public and private sectors.
This Master Plan is not a regulatory measure, however, it is a guideline for future revisions of the
County General Plan and should be used as a guide in making future land use decisions. It is not
a zoning map.
1.3 AREA DESCRIPTION
1.3.1 Summary of Important Characteristics
Project Area Location: See OBJECTIVES; 1.1, pazagraph 2
Proiect Area Boundaries and Size: Area boundaries aze those described as
the Hawaiian Pazadise Park Subdivision in Puna District stretching from
State Highway 130 northeast to the shoreline.
Total Area: approximately 10,000 acres
Climate: Tropical Climate with average annual rainfall of 160 inches,
average annual temperature of 75 degrees. There aze two significant
climatic variations within the area:
Coastal Area: Generally hotter and dryer.
3
Lowlands: From 200 to 500 feet elevation is a little cooler with
more rain
Topog_raphv: Elevation ranges from sea level to 500 feet with average slopes
from 0 to 10 percent.
GeoloQV and Soils: Largely a'a and pahoehoe lava flows with an occasionally
thin organic soil covering.
Flora and Fauna: The subdivision supports a diverse collection of plants
including a variety of grasses such as fountain grass, pili grass, heliotrope,
aki'aki, and honohono grass. Shrubs include the naupaka plant along the
shoreline. There are wild orchids of which the bamboo orchid is the most
plentiful. Hapu'u and aluhe ferns aze in abundance and major trees aze the
mango, albezia, guava, ohia, ulu, and hala.
Birds include wandering tattler, golden plover, ruddy tumstone, and sanderling.
The Hawaiian owl, pueo, and the Hawaiian hawk as well as barn owls can be
seen occasionally. Many other non-native birds are plentiful.
Groundwater Resources: Several wells have been drilled in the subdivision
and the aquifer is just at sea level. The quantity of potable water that could
be used has not been determined. See the attached Hydrology Study.
Shoreline: The shoreline stretches approximately two miles from Kaloli Point
to the southeast. The shoreline consists of rocky cliffs ranging from 6 to 25 feet
in height. There aze no sand beaches or safe water entry azeas within the
boundaries of Hawaiian Paradise Park.
4
Archaeological Resources: An attached report explains some ruins contained
on 31 acres of Pazadise Hui Hanalike lands. There are a few petroglyphs
along the shoreline and there aze several lava tubes containing burial sites
within Hawaiian Paradise Park.
Visual Resources: Within the boundazies of the subdivision there are many
areas where Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa, and the ocean may be viewed. The
visual impression one gets when driving the main roads within the boundaries
is that of tree lined thoroughfares leading to the ocean with the exception of
those areas already cleared where homes have been built.
Natural Hazards: There is the potential for lava flows from Mauna Loa's
several vents. Coastal areas to an elevation 50 feet above mean sea level are
considered susceptible to tsunami inundation.
Pooulation: The Hawaiian Pazadise Pazk subdivision has approximately 6,000
residents. Best estimates for growth are approximately 10 percent per yeaz
with a maximum of approximately 30,000 within 25 years.
Existine Land Use: Most of the area is undeveloped 1 acre parcels zoned for
agricultural use. There are orchards of guava, papaya, orchid farms, and many
small agricultural pursuits. There are several businesses/organizations such as
nurseries, a veterinarian, churches, and fruit stands within the boundaries. There
are also many unpermitted businesses which include auto repair, bicycle repair
wrecking yazd, safety inspection station, nursery supply, solaz equipment supply,
fmancial management, computer repair, trucking and heavy equipment yard.
There are two undeveloped county pazks equaling about 4 acres of property along
the shoreline. There are approximately 2,600 existing homes in the subdivision.
5
Land Ownership: Of the nearly 10,000 acres of land in this azea, nearly
9,000 acres aze owned by 6,500 individual lot owners spread throughout
the world. Many acres are taken up by roadways. Other owners of property
are:
County of Hawaii 8 acres
Paradise Hui Hanalike 191
Watumull Properties 80
Land Use Regulations: State Land Use: 100 percent Agricultural
County General Plan: 100 percent Agricultural
County Zoning: 98 percent Ag 1 or Ag 20
Access and Transportation: From Hilo travel southwest on State Highway 11 then
southeast on State Highway 130. There is one road within the subdivision which
neither the state nor the County claims as their responsibility, Government Beach
Road. All other roads within Hawaiian Paradise Pazk are private subdivision
roads providing access to lots within the subdivision.
Public Services: Police services are provided by the Hawaii County Police
Department from Keaau or the police substation at Pahoa each is over
3 miles from the subdivision. The County Fire Department provides fire
protection services through a firestation near the center of the subdivision.
School districts split the subdivision at Pazadise Drive. Keaau services those
students on the northwest side of Paradise Drive and Pahoa services those
students on the southeast side of Pazadise Drive. High School students
go to either Waiakea High School or Pahoa High School.
Hilo Medical Center, 22 miles distant, is the nearest Hospital Service.
6
All Public Services to this area need expansion.
Utilities: Electrical Power and Telephone Service lines are already in place
to the majority of lots. Nearly all current residents have catchment water
systems on their property. Wastewater is disposed via cesspool and septic
systems.
Maior New Projects: The County budget includes CIP for waterlines down
Paradise Drive to the firestation on 21st Avenue, continuation down Paradise
Drive to the County Pazk on Government Beach Road and on Kaloli Drive
to 26th Avenue.
1.4 OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS
Significant development ounortunities include the following:
1. Land ownership and deed restrictions make severa120 acre, one 31 acre, and one
40 acre parcel available for education or recreation for either state schools or
private educational institutions or private or public recreational organizations.
2. The location of the particulaz properties described in 1.4.1 and the close proximity
of several other 20 acre pazcels make a village center development concept
feasible.
3. The need for many public and private services to the projected residents within
this subdivision provides aready-made mazket for a variety of small businesses.
4. The availability of a ready labor force within the boundaries of the subdivision
also make it attractive for light industrial applications.
7
5. The sustainable communities concept is perfect for this area because there is a
need for services and the need for jobs within the area. The area is 15 miles from
the majority of services and jobs and there is no public transportation available.
6. The archaeological site described earlier provides study opportunities for an
education institutional and its development into a ethno-botanical park.
There are significant development constraints:
1. Zoning of the four privately owned 20 acre parcels makes any commercial
opportunity in those areas impossible at the present.
8
SECTION II
PLAN DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
2.1 THE PLANNING PROCESS
The planning process for the Hawaiian Paradise Park Community Master Plan was shaped by a
number of major themes and concerns. These themes and concerns may be summarized as
follows:
1. Major population growth in this area is taking place and will continue to increase.
2. The County and the Community have a unique opportunity to guide the density,
character, and quality of this future growth.
3. Land Use Plans'for this area should be specific enough to provide a framework
and a guideline for infrastructure planning, yet broad enough to allow for
maximum property owner and market flexibility.
4. Environmental considerations for the rural nature of the area should be an integral
part of the planning process.
5. The Plan should be developed in consultation with State and County agencies,
property owners, community leaders, and the general public.
6. The product should be a Land Use Plan, and Limited Infrastructure Plan for the
further development of this subdivision.
The Community Action Committee of Paradise Hui Hanalike Corporation has developed this
Plan in accordance with these themes. Thus, the planning process has included:
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+ Inventory and analysis of the major natural and cultural diversities of the area;
+ Identification and discussion of development issues;
+ Six monthly public informational meetings with residents and property owners,
briefings to County agencies, briefings to Council members, meetings with
various community groups, and extensive review and discussion with community
and County personnel.
+ A series of land use concept plans developed and revised in response to new facts,
meetings and discussions and input from community people.
+ These concept plans culminated in the development of the pictured land use and
subdivision plan and was fmalized in February 1997.
The Corporation believes that this kind of open community-based planning process will facilitate
the approval of this Community Master Plan by the County Council and eventual inclusion into
the County General Plan.
2.2 KEY DEVELOPMENT ISSUES
In October, 1993 it was decided that a Community Master Plan was needed to meet the challenge
of a growing subdivision. In January of 1994 four and one half days were devoted to planning
workshops which included 30 participant residents of the community, special guest instructors
and trained community facilitators (listed in the summary).
Through these workshops days and the many presentations of the Plan to the community, the
Community Action Committee identified development issues that follow:
10
1. Growth Rate: What can be the realistic growth potential at maximum buildout?
2. Infrastructure Needs: What infrastructure do the residents want to include in
planning for this maximum buildout?
3 Slowing Growth Rate: Is it possible to slow the growth rate and limit building in
certain areas and circumstances?
4. Quality of Life: What do we value about this azea and what do we want to retain?
5. Rural Flavor: How do we retain a rural flavor when each one or one half acre lot
has the potential for more than one home.
6. Visual and Aesthetic Concerns: Greenspace and views aze a major component of
the "quality of life" in this area. Any development including that authorized by
the subdivision will have a major impact on visual quality. How do we preserve
this visual resource to the fullest extent possible?
7. Shoreline: How do we preserve the current shoreline views with the current
zoning and building permit processes in place which allow two residences per lot?
8. Development: Once the door is open for development how can we limit what
comes into our subdivision?
9. Location of Services: Where will we put public and private services in Hawaiian
Paradise Pazk?
10. Schools: Where can we put schools? How many and what type?
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11. Roads: Where will the access to other communities be? Where will the paved
roads be within the subdivision?
12. Plan Implementation: The Hawaiian Paradise Park Community Master Plan
should be a flexible guide for the future growth and development of the area. The
"Land Use Plan" and "Infrastructure Plans" will be conceptual in nature.
Developers of those "village centers" in cooperation with the Corporation would
be responsible for detailed plans for each village center.
2.3 PLANNING PHILOSOPHY
The planning workshops in Januazy 1994 began with a vision that imagined what an ideal
community would look like in the future if there were no restrictions. Many ideas were formed
from that initial phase and one of the later steps was to fit all those ideas into our community.
We were fortunate to have several properties set aside for specific purposes when the azea was
first subdivided in the mid 1950s. Through the workshops and the many meetings held with the
community concerning the Plan a basic philosophy and a running theme were apparent. The
community wants to retain much of its Waal atmosphere and maintain its green space. It wants to
add only those services that make it a sustainable community. The community wants to be less
dependent on Hilo and motor vehicles that carry residents to Hilo. Key points of this philosophy
and theme are:
1. The community wants to retain its rural atmosphere.
2. The community wants to retain its green space as much as possible.
3. Many residents aze very sensitive to environmental, health, and conservationists
concerns.
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4. The community does not support the concept of multiple dwellings on a single
building lot. Therefore a strategy of building restriction needs to be sought.
5. The community does not want big development. They do not want condominiums
or resorts.
6. The residents want to build a sustainable community where public and private
services and jobs are available.
7. The community wants village centers where public services and private sector
jobs are available. The transportation system should include a pedestrian, bicycle
and electric vehicle friendly trail and roadway system.
8. The community wants a residential area within the village center where seniors
can reside within easy reach of services without the use of automobiles.
9. The community wants a shuttle service between small village centers, school and
recreation areas, and a connection with whatever mass transit system is developed
linking other areas, such as Hilo, Keaau, or Pahoa.
2.4 THE RESULTING PLAN
The evolution of the Plan began during the Community Action Committee of Pazadise Hui
Hanalike meeting in October of 1993 which resulted in workshops held in January 1994.
Participants in the workshops were solicited through advertisements in the local newspaper and
by word of mouth. No individual was turned away whether they were home owners, lot owners,
renters, or even from other communities. There was no requirement for membership in any
organization. These workshops produced a consensus agreement on a basic map and the concept
of a plan. Further Community Action Committee meetings resulted in a strategy for presenting
the map and the plan concept to the community and county officials for approval by the County
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Council. There was one "kickoff' presentation, attended by over 160 persons, and five monthly
presentations and briefings sponsored by the Community Action Committee where input was
gathered. These public meetings were followed by one meeting sponsored by the Planning
Department of the County. In early 1996, the Community Action Committee held two meetings
at which changes were made to accommodate the desires of the community. The changes to the
initial concept map are as follows:
1. The shoreline extended park area stretching the full length of the subdivision's
shoreline has been deleted and will remain zoned agricultural. The reason for this
change is the history of this area and the hard fought court battle between current
residents of that area and the county to allow building. Prior to its current Ag
zoning it was zoned conservation which did not allow for residences to be built. It
is possible that through dedication of lands through gifts to Paradise Hui Hanalike
that it may become a park but our plan should not be tied to that premise.
2. The light industrial area indicated on previous drawings has decreased in size
from 175 acres to 20 acres and moved from near Highway 130 to a parcel owned
now by the original developer and located two miles northeast of the intersection
of Highway 130 and Kaloli Drive on Kaloli Drive and 14th Avenue. The reason
for this change is that it would not change zoning in an area that has already 75
homes and that it would remove it from a strip along the highway to prevent strip
development. It would also prevent a dispute between any developer and the
county because the county has consistently fought development along major
highways. This change also brings it more to the center of the subdivision
providing easier access by residents and connects it to one of the stops on our
proposed shuttle route. These previous advantages outweigh major disadvantages
of not being on a highway and therefore users must transit via a private road, and
that there is currently no county water distributed to the site. The size decrease is
a plus to those who want no light industrial area at all but a disadvantage to a
larger commercial enterprise who may employ some of our residents.
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3. The initial map and concept included residential zoning on many lots surrounding
village centers and in ever increasing circles, larger lots up to 3 acre agricultural
lots. This concept would have decreased the possibility of population growth to
60,000 (each of the nearly 9,000 lots has an Ohana house) by increasing the size
of agricultural lots in the majority of the subdivision. It also would have insured
more green space with the idea that most of the larger 3 acre lots would have been
landscaped or be orchard crops. This was to be accomplished by a concept of
"transfer of development rights". This concept, although it may work, is not
currently legal in Hawaii and was not understood by the majority of participants in
our presentation meetings of the plan. Therefore, all existing Ag 1 lots that
surround the village centers will remain Ag 1 lots and there will be no expansion
to Ag 3 lots. The concept of limiting our growth potential needs to be addressed
by an effort to convince the state and county officials that ohana housing is a fine
idea where infrastructure can support it but in Puna where there aze so many areas
where there is no infrastructure it can only cause severe problems. We also
encourage the county to provide incentives to combine parcels, if a lot owner
acquires an adjacent property the two properties could be combined to make one
tax map key property thereby decreasing real property taxes. The Paradise Hui
Hanalike Corporation can also provide an incentive by chazging only one road
maintenance fee for a combined property where there is only one residence. With
cooperation we can limit the growth potential to 30,000.
4. The current plan drawing does not include all bicycle trails and pedestrian
walkways only because at this time there is no easement rights over individual
properties to connect any of the village centers with roads running pazallel to the
avenues on the drawing. The concept of bicycle paths and pedestrian walkways
remains integral to this plan so that residents may walk or bike to and from
services within a few minutes. We have pictured major trails on Railroad Avenue
15
and on the borders of the subdivision. It is intended that Railroad Avenue become
limited to bicycles, pedestrians and electric vehicles.
These adjustments to the initial map and concept are a result of being responsive and sensitive to
community input. When viewed in their entirety the changes remain generally consistent with
the original direction laid out by the original participants of the workshops of January, 1994.
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SECTION III
PUBLIC HEARINGS
3. I COMMUNITY INPUT
The Corporation recognized from the beginning that the input of all interested persons was
crucial. Although participants from the community initially created the first draft of the map and
concept plan, it was decided early that the community as stakeholders in their environment, must
have an opportunity to input to the plan. We also determined that six meetings and contact with
local groups was necessary to get the maximum number of persons into the process.
1. The first public meeting was the best attended and was held May 10, 1994. At
that meeting were 168 attendees of whom 153 actually signed in. Of the 100
evaluation forms distributed, 59 were returned. The results were:
Ratings: Verv Good Good So-So Could Be Better
Questions: How do you rate
the presentation? 39 16 3 1
Answers: Yes No
Did this presentation
address your needs? 30 16
Did you Team anything
new? 56 3
2. The evaluation forms also contained seven questions requiring a written response
from the attendees. These responses were invaluable in assisting the committee to
17
evaluate the general attitude of the public. Several changes were made as a result
of numerous comments on the same topic.
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SECTION N
LAND USE PLAN
4.1 OBJECTNES OF THE LAND USE PLAN
The overall purpose of the Land Use Plan is to:
1. Provide a framework for the future growth and development of the Hawaiian
Paradise Park Subdivision;
2. Provide a basis for coordinated public-private implementation of major
infrastructure projects;
3. Provide a framework for infrastructure plans;
4. Provide a framework for State and County action on designating lands for
rezoning;
The Land Use Plan is a document, tool and guideline for the granting of permits and variances
for both the County and the Community. Each lot is owned by individuals who purchased their
properties with the intent of building residences and/or using their land for agricultural pursuits.
There should be no deviation from this plan with regard to the installation of roadways or zoning
other than that described in the plan. There are many services currently offered in Pazadise Pazk
that do not meet County requirements. The Plan provides for these services to remain in Pazadise
Park, however, not necessarily in the same location.
The major development theme that is a change to the plan of the original developer of the
subdivision is the addition of a light industrial area and a very small azea of residential in each of
19
the areas set aside for commercial development. It is central to the Plan that the rural theme of
the original developer should be preserved.
These ideas are depicted in a map referred to as the Hawaiian Paradise Pazk Community Master
Plan. It is included in this document as map number 3 (Land Use Plan). A lazger version of this
map showing more detail is appended to this document. This larger map will be the basis for the
visual presentation of the Plan.
In the developer's original plan there were severa120 acre parcels set aside for commercial
development although none have ever been zoned for that purpose. It is proposed in this Master
Plan that three of those 20 acre parcels be designated as "Village Centers" and later zoned for
mixed use. Conceptually, each Village Center would be a small neighborhood shopping and
professional service center surrounding a village green. Typical commercial establishments
would be small food stores, fruit and vegetable outlets, variety stores, hazdwaze stores, small
clothing stores, professional offices, small restaurants, branch banks. The village greens could be
used for entertainment or farmer's market type of activities as well as just a large green space for
relaxation, lawn sports and recreation.
The early development plan had no mixed use azea nor any area set aside for light industrial
purposes. There are also no bikeways or pedestrian paths to the aeeas designated for commercial
development. In the Master Plan we have indicated in the three Village Centers each consisting
of 20 acres each that there should also be the possibility of developing residential walkup
apartments truly creating a "Village Center." These would consist of apartments no more than
two stories in height to meet the needs of the elderly who decide to stay neaz their friends or for
families just starting out. Also one 20 acre parcel on Kaloli and 14th Avenue would be set aside
for light industrial so that some type of auto repair or service outlet aeeas such as sheet metal
shops or agriculturally based products such as irrigation systems or greenhouse fabrication units
can exist legally within the boundaries of the community.
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Transportation System
A transportation system consisting of a shuttle service the village centers, light industrial areas
and recreation areas. This is diagrammed on map 3 in the attached maps. That route should be
thought of as a prelude to what could be accomplished with a permanent transportation system
throughout Paradise Park and connecting with the other communities including Hilo.
Pedestrian Walkways and Bike Paths/Trails
Pedestrian walkways and bicycle paths are key to keeping automobiles in the gazage/carport and
off the road when an easy walk or bike ride can get a person to essential services. The perimeter
of Pazadise Park and Railroad Avenue aze the only mapped out areas that we have dedicated to
pedestrian walkways and bicycle paths. Key to land use here is to keep people in Paradise Pazk
from having to drive elsewhere to buy things that could very well be provided within its
boundaries.
Public Schools (Total of about 100 acres)
The Land Use Plan shows very specific locations for several schools. These areas would include
a high school, a middle school and two elementary schools.
Parks and Recreation Areas (Total of about 60 acres]
There are two existing undeveloped county shoreline parks. In addition, there is one four acre
parcel set aside for the county at Kaloli Drive and 26th Avenue. A thirty-one acre site adjacent to
the Community Center is planned to be an educational ethno-botanical and cultural
anthropological site. A 20 acre community park and recreational facility on Kaloli Drive and
15th Avenue could include a ballfield, swimming pool, tennis courts, basketball courts, picnic
areas, tot lots and related facilities.
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SECTION V
IMPLEMENTATION
This final section of the Hawaiian Paradise Park Community Master Plan presents
recommendations on implementation of the Land Use Plan and infrastructure systems.
5.1 IMPLEMENTATION
The Hawaiian Paradise Park Community Master Plan is based on an already existing County
approved subdivision and is focused on providing the existing and future residents services
which are necessary to any community. This plan has set aside certain areas for development
which require a change of zoning and additional infrastructure.
If the zoning is allowed in our subdivision for the proposed development, the developers of each
village center or industrial area will be responsible for the financial support to carry out the
development independent of the community.
The overall concept is similar to that of utilizing an Improvement District. All of the property
targeted for development will be responsible for its shaze of the infrastructure cost. before
development is permitted.
5.2 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
A community-based planning effort can only be successful if the community is allowed to
participate in the implementation of any plan approved by the County. This master plan has
taken into account the population estimates for the next 25 yeazs. The next step would be to
organize a planning subcommittee of the Community Action Committee to plan in five year
increments. The subcommittee would interface with the County, State and surrounding large
land owners to integrate plans for schools, highways, industrial areas, etc. which would effect the
22
community within the next five years. This subcommittee would also prioritize projects and
contact developers for targeted projects. Several goals in this implementation process would be:
Establish a process by which improvement of all the roads including widening and paving
to be accomplished by the year 2010.
Pursue the establishment of an ordnance that would not allow second dwelling or ohana
housing or the sale of condominiums in subdivisions where infrastructure has not been
created to support it.
Pursue zoning changes that would allow mixed use commercial and urban zoning in those
areas designated as village centers and light industrial.
Pursue establishing a water system using private water system companies.
Establish transportation routes for a shuttle service between village centers, schools,
recreation and light industrial areas with connecting points to public transportation.
Contact lot owners for dedication of property and easements for pedestrian and bike
routes and establish bikeways and pedestrian paths where easements will be available.
Recommendation by the County Planning Duector to the County Council for adoption of
the Plan into the County General Plan.
Adoption by the County Council of the Plan into the County General Plan by ordinance.
The planning subcommittee will also organize and implement a public information participation
process that will include articles in the community newsletter, news releases, periodic public
information meetings, informal meetings, special interest groups and formal public hearings as
may be required.
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SECTION VI
SUMMARY
6.1 $)iVIEW
Hawaiian Pazadise Pazk had its origin in the 1950's as the result of a collaboration of business
interests. The developers, David Watumull and his partners, had , as their goal, the perfectly
legitimate objective of making money. If one may go back in time; back 40 yeazs to an era when
the entire country was consumed by the development of its resources; perhaps it is easier to
understand the forces that created what is now erroneously referred to as a "substandazd
subdivision".
This was an era when environmental concerns had yet to be raised. An era when the boundazies
of cities and towns were pushed outwazd without regazd for infrastructure. An era when each
person was anxious to pursue their individual dreams in a land of unlimited promise. In this
atmosphere it is not surprising that the approval of such subdivisions had less to do with common
sense and more to do with the enthusiasm of the day.
The 15 year period from the late fifties to the eazly seventies found the emphasis on lot sales.
There was virtually no thought about nor interest in roads, water, services or any of the other
amenities that most developing communities take for granted.
From 1972 until 1989 turbulence ruled Pazadise Pazk. The few residents and local lot owners
began to understand that if they were ever to realize the potential of their new home, the
developer had to give over to these interested parties some measure of control. Thus was born
"Paradise Hui Hanalike", the voluntary owners association and the "Road Maintenance
Corrunittee", asemi-autonomous committee. The controvery between these two groups became
the central issue rather than the problems that they had been formed to solve. They sued the
developer, some individuals and ,ultimately, each other. The result was a 1989 Supreme Court
ruling, the infamous civi16595, under which the organizations toil today.
24
During this legal wrangling, which included the paving of the main roads, the ceding of some
property to the owners association and additional land set aside for commercial development,
many lot owners and residents became very dismayed with the entire process. The time and
money spent on these problems was money not spent for the maintenance of the roads and other
community improvements.
The past eight yeazs have been equally difficult. The 1989 court settlement settled very little and
guazanteed continued strife. The community leaders have done their best under the circumstances
and the proposed master plan, begun three and one-half yeazs ago, is an example of how, in spite
of the obstacles that aze no fault of the existing lot owners, residents or elected leadership, can
pull together for the community well-being.
The vazious interests in Hawaiian Pazadise Pazk have recently come together; set aside old biases
and attacked the problems with a renewed enthusiasm. A reorganization plan, proposed to the
court, is expected to be voted on by the lot owners soon. The HPP Community Master Plan, if
adopted, will be a major step towards the maturation of the community.
6.2 A NO D .M .NT
For the past three and one-half yeazs the Community Action Committee of Pazadise Hui
Hanalike has pursued approval by Hawaii County of the Hawaiian Pazadise Pazk Community
Master Plan. The Community Action Committee, under chairman Brooks Maloof, sponsored the
design chazette process.
Dedicated participants in that exhausting process were Jeannie and Jeff Rivera, John Luchau,
Christine Wolf, Peter Morton, Denise Smith, Don Pascual, Gary Jung, Cyndie Greenlaw, Jherrie
Rubeyiat, Christopher Lichty, Victoria Tenbrink, Bill Collazd, Craig Allen, Mitsi Lau, Richazd
Lain, and Jerry Miller. John Luchau led the presentation of five monthly informational meetings
to the community which entailed coordinating guests and speakers to participate. These meetings
were invaluable in assessing the publics input and resulted in several improvements to the Plan.
25
Professional planners who volunteered their time were Michael Riehms, Bruce Owensby,
Virginia Goldstein, Roy Takemoto and Sonja Juvik. Bonnie Goodell and Ginny Aste of
Community Management Associates participated and continued their involvement for several
months after the design chazettes to encourage the community to push forwazd with the Plan.
Facilitators in the charette process were Barbara Bell, Merry Blechta, Diane Bucato-Thomas,
Gail Clazke, Diane Gentry, Lori Pasco and Dr Robert Lambe.
A pazticulaz thank you is due to Bill Moore. A former planner with the County Plazming
Department, Mr Moore, currently in private practice, has been invaluable in providing ongoing
advice over the past two years.
The individual deserving of the most recognition is John Luchau. Mr. Luchau has been involved
in the Plan from the very first meeting until the very last. His contributions cannot be measured.
The community owes a debt of gratitude to all of the participants named above. However, an
even greater debt is owed to all of those individuals over the past few years who have been
critical of the Plan and, therefore, ultimately, were responsible for the result.
26
PAUL H. ROSENDAHL, Ph.D., Inc.
Consu/ting Archoeo/ogist
June 9, 1985
Mrs. Lilo Shappell
1'[ember, Board and Planaiag Cooittee
Paradise Hui Haaalike
SH 11006
Leaau, esraii 96749
Subject: Proposed Park Site on 17th Street
Saraiian Paradise Park Snbdiviaios
Dear Mrs. Shappell:
Oa Sunday, April 21, 1985, re get rith you gad Mr. Shappell in order
to make afield inspection of the archaeological regains previoasly identi-
fied rithin the proposed park site on 17th Street,'off of Makau Drive. We
rare accompanied on our inspection by tw of gy staff, Mrs. Deborah Hay
and Mrs. Laren Delmont, gad by 1[r. Ralph lriak of 8arsiian Paradise Park.
The area of concern consisted of the portion (estimated e. 4-5 acres)
of a small kiouka on the inland (southrest) side of the recently graded
section of 17th Street that cots across the ~1e~. The interior of the
kiouka ras characterised by geaesally level to gently rolling tarraia and
roll-developed organic soil atop the pahoehoe lava sabstrste. While the
area had s heavy vegetation canopy doginate~ by numerous large mango
trees, the ground surface ras relativsly open and clear. This situation
greatly facilitated our inspection and the identification of the awerous
surface structural regains of put caltnsal activities present within the
area.
A range of surface structural regains relating to habitation and agri-
cultural exploitation wre identified. These resins included stacked
stone ralls, ralled enclosures, for terraces gad platformu, godified bed-
rock outcrops, stoma goands gad piles. gad clsarad areas. One of the
better built platforms had a slab-lined firepit gad a large, intentionally
modified, ratezrorn cobble of ascertain cultural Enaction present on the
surface. All of the structural remains rare in goad physical condition,
gad coat appeared to have good integrity; i.e., not significantly altered,
if at all, since their abandowent.
In terms of function, the identified archaeological features most
likely rapreseat the regains of traditional Hsraiian drylaad agricultural
exploitation and associated temporary sasidential occupation. While the
probable function of the identified remains is readily apparent, their age
is not. Thb abseacs of any obvioas portable regains casasonly found in
association rith historic period sites. such as fragsuRnts of broken glass
bottles or ceramic vessels, suggests that a late prehistoric or early
historic period oceapatioa can be tentatively inferred at present.
P.O. Box 504 • Kurtistown, Hawaii 96760 • (808) 966-8038
Paradise Hui Haaaliks _y_
Jaas 9, 1985
In ay opinion, the idsatifisd archaeological rsesina prassnt rithin
the proposed part site on 17th Strsst are potentially signifieaat in teraa
of both seiutific rssaarch and iatsrprstive valasa. Scientific rassarch
value refers to the potsatisl of archaeological rooarces for providing
inforaatioa valuable is the aadsrstaading of caltars history, past life-
rays. and cultural processes at the local, rsgioaal. sad interregional
levels of organisation, chile interpretive value refers to the potential
of archasologieal sssoaress for pablie sduution sad recrsation.
4 an initial step, I reeomnd that you iaitiats efforts to detamiae
and doewent the nature sad degras of archaeological signifieaaca rspre-
ssated by the idsatified rseaina. In order to ateoaplish this objective.
fro i~sdiate tasks should be aadertakaa: (1) prsasrvs the potential scien-
tific research sad interpretive valuss inhezeat is the rsaains by assuring
their contiaasd physical protection; and (2) prspara as inentory of the
retina preeant by ceasing of archaeological asrvsy rseordatioa (rrittsn
dsaeriptioas. caps, sad photographs).
Once such an inveatozy is eoeplated, sad a bu ie anderstaadiag of the
foresl and fanction variation sspzeaeatad by the archaeological mains
obtaiasd, it roald be possible to detsscins hw best to dsal rith then
appropriately, in testa of fartbr stady sad/or interpretive developsumt.
ihs latter could euily involve, as yon suggaatd daring our discwsion
and on-site inspection. the sstablishsrai of scenic foot trails rith
associated botanical plantings. sad perhaps rspsusatativs archaeological
featares, bsiag highlighted.
gincs•rs cads onr field iaapsction in April, I have diseusaad the
findings and your situation rift eollsagaea is the ~athropology Departaent
at the Dnivezsity here is Hilo. iii feel that these are several possible,
eutually beneficial, rays in rhich rs tight bs able to u list you and your
cosamaity organiution by iaolviag both sons of oar atadsats and any of
your association eobars rho eight like corking togathsr. Plsaae let u
knor if you are iatsrsatad in discassing sash possibilitisa.
shank yon for the opportunity to look at the archaeological raaias
loeatsd is the proposed part nits ea 17th Strsst. He enjoyed our corning
rith you very each. Plaaae eoataet ea if you have any fs~adiats questions
concerning oar field inspection.
~giaesrsly1 yo~
Paul H. Hoseadahl.Ph.D.
lrsaideat and Principal
~rahaeologiss
A WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM `'ID ON WELY,S
F'OR HAWAS2AN PARAl7=SE PAE2K- SUBDSV2SION
PUNA D2 STRS CT , HAWA2 S
Prepared by Chester Lao
V. DEVELOPMENT OF GROUND WATER
The underdeveloped state of ground water resources of this
hydrologic area means that competition of other owners is almost
non-existent. The few wells owned by the county and private
owners
pump only a small fraction of the available water. The most
recent wells scattered through the subdivision have revealed
valuable data
on the nature of the fresh lens in this area.
Desion Considerations
Placement of wells would be less critical at this time than
when many wells are already in use in the Puna District, except
for the fact that the area is unsewered. Department of Health
regulations do not permit drinking water wells to located within
1000 feet of cesspools or injection well for waste disposal. The
concern is for the contamination of potable water from the
infiltration of effluent carrying bacteria, viruses, and
chemicals into the water table. Although the lava formations have
a certain capacity for natural filtration of the water, the
documented cases of contamination of well by coliform bacteria of
presumptive fecal origin, although relatively few in Hawaii, are
sufficient to warrant observation of maximum efforts to protect
the water supply from contamination. As a rule, prevention is
better than the cure especially when applied to ground water.
The number of wells required to meet the needs of the
community depend upon the water use. At the present time the area
is developed primarily along the coast, along the highway, and
along the major paved roads leading to the shoreline properties.
Although some lots are devoted to small nurseries and small
orchards, the developed lots are largely occupied by single
family homes. If the pattern does not change in the future, the
projected water use at full development may be estimated. For
ease of computation, assume 6000 units of single family housing
each with an average of 4 persons with a daily percapita use of
150 gallons.
Average daily use would be 3.6 million gallon a day. In order to
meet requirements of fire flow, maximum day, and standby
requirements, the system would have to have an installed pumping
capacity of 8.2 mgd (5700 gallons per minute) to meet county
subdivision water system standards. Not to design to water system
standards is the option of a privately owned system. Many systems
have capacities only 1.5 times the daily average.
In this report, a generalized total system design is
discussed as an overview of the large elements required for
detailed planning and design. A discussion on an initial startup
7
phase to service the sections closest to the well(s) then follows
with details of estimated costs. Actual costs will differ
depending upon many external factors such as cost of money, cost
for labor and materials, changes in water system regulations and
whether land can be exchanged for location of wells and
reservoirs.
A first cut at a total system design would four wells of 1
mgd capacity each operating an average of 21 hours would meet
daily requirements. Reservoir capacity of 3 million gallons is
sufficient to meet morning and evening peak loads when short time
_ demand of two to three hours will require nearly 5 mgd plus
having a reserve storage. During dry weather when water use
increases for irrigation increases, standby wells can be used. In
practice, no well is operated only for standby and the wells are
operated on a rotational basis. With this design, no more than 6
wells are required, two of which are designated standby.
Location of Wells
Locations meetings the 1000-ft. requirement of the
Department of Health means that only large parcels can be
utilized for the construction of wells serving drinking water.
The 40 acre parcels owned by Paradise Hui Hanalike become logical
choices as most nearly fitting the above requirement; parcel
trading may be required. Two are located north of Makuu Drive.
The parcel between Lai and Kaaahi avenues is considered superior
based on water quality considerations. The 30 acre parcel across
Kaaahi is considered equally good. Three wells of less than 200
depth with 12 inch casings should be constructed. Recommended
well spacing is 100 feet. The wells, pumps and control building
will occupy approximately 25,000 square feet of land. Although a
storage reservoir can be constructed on site with the inclusion
of more land, another location at a higher elevation offers more
favorable system pressures.
The 20 acre parcel south of Kaloli Drive and between Okika
Avenue and Olena Avenue is recommended as the second site for a
well field. Ground elevation is approximately Parcel trading may
be required to meet DOH requirements of space. Three 12-inch
wells of approximately 310' depth are required. A portion of
water from this well field is designed to service the higher
elevations of the subdivision.
Storaoe Reservoir Locations
Reservoirs can be planned to maximize benefits to existing
and planned residences along the shoreline that are two story
structures for tsunami protection and/or because of individual
design preferences. This design pressure will also permit more
6
water to flow through a given pipe. Purchase or trade of a lot
should provide ample room for multiple reservoirs. The reservoirs
not only provide storage but gravity flow to all residences below
and fluctuation of system pressure of less than a pound.
The assumption made in this report is that the system would
be independent of the county system. If land could be acquired
across the highway with the required elevation, the systems would
be compatible.
The lower tier of storage should have a spillway elevation
of 280' in order to adequately service the second floor of
beachfront homes. Since the Hui does not own property at the
ground elevation of 260', acquisition of land would be required.
Water would be pumped from the well field on Makuu Drive.
Overflow from another
reservoir located at the Kaloli well field would also fill this
system.
An intermediate tier of storage is optional at higher cost
by enlarging the small reservoir used for boosting water at the
Kaloli well field. This would be desirable only a "temporary"
basis during the time when two separate systems might exist
because of an incremental plan for construction. with suitably
placed pressure reducing valves, the system could be made
compatible with the main 280' system.
The last tier of reservoirs should be located near the
highway. Because the highest elevation is about 490', the system
would service homes down to elevation 220' or about a third of
the subdivision. Since only water required for this service
should be pumped, a small reservoir and booster system should be
installed at the upper well field. The remaining two-thirds of
the development will be serviced from the main system at 280'.
Steel tanks or porcelainized steel tanks are more economical
than concrete structures. With coating inspection and
maintenance, steel tanks give good service. The porcelainized
design is a non-weld, standard tool assembled structure, and a
great saver of labor and time.
A number of options are available to design the distribution
system in addition to the main service systems of 490 and 280'
particularly near the upper well field with an elevation of
approximately 275. Since gravity feed of services is the desired
objective, lines for inlet and outlet are separate. By-pass
combinations for meeting peak loads or unusual loads are possible
so that service can be taken from the inlet while filling the
reservoir.
Pipelines
Use of approved plastic pipe for the mains and distribution
9
system is more economical than metal pipe. Although plastic is
unsuitable, however, for grounding electric circuits, it has
additional advantages of light weight, low friction losses for
water flow, and longevity owing to an extremely high__resistance
to corrosion by either water or soils.
Since no single main must carry the total load, pipe size is
reduced considerably. The largest line would connect to mains
going down the main arterials to the shoreline. If only homes are
serviced, then the crossmain can be reduced to 4". Service
laterals can be 1" or smaller through water meters to monitor use
and for billing purposes.
_ An Incremental desion
Design of an incremental system should always keep in mind
the total system design. Proper planning requires that the wells
be large enough to accommodate larger pumps at the appropriate
times because this incremental cost is the least of the critical
elements. Pump capacities can be upgraded as required. Larger
mains can be added parallel to the existing lines. Larger power
transformers can be also added. Reservoirs can be added for
additional storage capacity.
A starter water system requires a source of preferably two
wells for standby purposes, the pumps and controllers, a
reservoir and booster pumps. The booster pump is to provide
pressure and water to elevations above the well station until
such time the total system is implemented for total gravity flow.
Service below the well station reservoir would be served by
gravity. As many second tier mains along the avenues would be
constructed as permitted by existing capacity. Separate systems
can be designed for the Kaloli Drive area and for the Makuu Drive
area and integrated in the future.
10
VI. COST ESTIMATES
Rather than develop costs that may not be meaningful over
the time for full implementation of the Total System, the
emphasis is on the near future and the starter system since the
desire is for water in this time frame. Pumps and pipelines can
be downsized. Hydropneumatic systems can be substituted for
reservoirs to a limited capacity. Planning and engineering costs
are not included and would add at least 10 percent.
Makuu Well Station
Item Estimated Cost
A. Gravity system only below station
1. Two 12-inch wells $190,000
2. Two 350 gpm pumps and controls 80,000
3. Control building 15,000
4. 8" Mains 2 miles 600,000
5. 4" Laterals 5 miles 400,000
6. 100,000 gallon reservoir 100,000
TOTAL $1,385,000
b. Additional reservoir system
1. 100,000 gallon reservoir 100,000
2. Booster pump and controls 25,000
3. 8" connecting main 2000' 80,000
TOTAL 205,000
Kaloli Station-as above plus incremental costs below
1. Two 12-inch wells (Additional cost
for greater depth) 90,000
2. Additional cost of greater horsepower pumps 20,000
TOTAL 100,000
The estimated cost of the Makuu system is $1,365,000 with an
additional $205,000 for an extended service gravity system. The
11
cost estimate for the Kaloli system is $1,485,000 plus $205,000
for an extended gravity system (extended service pipelines not
included).
A BAREBONES DESIGN
A barebones design to service only a limited immediate area
would require only a single starter well, a small tank of at
least 20,000 gallons capacity with a booster/hydropneumatic
system depending on service area, and the necessary 4 lines and
laterals. This system would supply at least 125 homes each with 4
persons using an total daily average of 600 gallons. A limited
_ peaking capacity would be available. With the high rainfall of
this area, the more likely average daily home use would be less
than half of the above and would extend availability to 250
homes.
Makuu System
1. 12" well $ 95,000
2. 100 gpm pump and controls 15,000
3. 20,000 gallon tank 15,000
4. 4" mains, meter and laterals 3 miles 330,000
TOTAL $455,000
Kaloli System
1. Extra well depth 45,000
2. Larger pump motor 1,000
For the equivalent Kaloli system, the added cost is
estimated at $46,000 for a total of $501,000.
~ ~ z o / f lo~-~x t ~S
12
VII. ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION
The luxury or capability of having a reliable clean source
of water at all times with activation of a faucet is difficult to
place a value upon. Value judgements will differ. The rugged
individualist content with catchment will place a low value
compared to the high value placed by a recently arrived urbanite.
In-between are those willing truck in water or fills containers
at the highway when dry years occur.
Cost of the distribution system can be readily seen to be
one of the highest costs. The large area of the development and
_ large lot sizes require more pipeline
fhan denser developments by
a factor of at least 2.
Because of the present small population, A test of the
simplest of the bare bones systems should be made to test
feasibility.
Yearly Expenses
1. Cost of Money 88 on $450,000
amortized over 25 years $42,155
2. Power cost of 8 kwh plus demand charges 14,000
3. Overhead including labor for
maintenance, meter reading, supplies,
yearly water analysis, and billing 12,000
4. Replacement fund for pumps 2,000
Total $54,000
Yearly Income
Full capacity of system is 125,000 gallon/day
1. Water Sales of 100,000 gallons/day
(37,500,000 gallons total or 37,550
K gallons $1.50/1000 gallons) $97,750
2. Service Charge on 200 meters
$4/month/meter 9,600
Total $57,350
The above example indicates the system barely breaks even.
Simply increasing the costs of water consumed and service charges
results in less competitiveness with the county system which
13
operates primarily on recovery of operational expenses because
the primary infrastructure is funded by state grants.
If bank financing cannot be obtained, then a subscription
system can be devised for initial funding by those living near
enough to tie into the barebones system. If 225 residents would
subscribe $2000 each to fund the system, the system can be
constructed.
Alternatively, or in conjunction with, in-kind trades of
real estate or term payments for services like well drilling and
pump installation, professional services, and perhaps the pipes
and pipe laying can be arranged. These are possible avenues to
explore if the Hui wants to retain control and ownership of the
_ systems.
The presently large number of undeveloped lots may
discourage the would be investors that are interested in quick
returns. Qnly an extremely rapid increase of new homes would
encourage their participation at this time. Installation of a
system, however, would cluster new development around the system
of the kind that would attract developers. As the service base
increases, service to adjacent areas can be extended
incrementally.
If in-kind financing can be arranged for the well, water
could be made available to the surrounding area at the cost of a
pump, .controls, and a tank. Extending service beyond several
thousand feet becomes more costly owing to larger pipes. A charge
of $2000 for water development and hookup to the system could be
collected to fund the limited piping system.- Fifty subscribers
would be sufficient to generate capital for funding this type of
system. Once a water system is constructed, rapid expansion may
occur, especially on the undeveloped lots on the system.
14
VII. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Feasibility of developing a water system based on wells has
been clearly established. The many alternatives discussed in this
report are developed for comparison purposes only, and more
complete study to obtain detailed costs must be made. Relative
standings should not change.
For economic, water quality and system pressure
considerations, it recommended that well fields be developed only
on Hui property located on Kaloli Drive between Olena and Okika
avenues and on Makuu Drive between Kelani and Lai avenues.
_ For the fully implemented design for the development, three wells
each of 1 mgd capacity per site are sufficient to design for
maximum day, daily peaks, and fireflow requirements for complete
development of Hawaiian Paradise Park. The Kaloli well field will
provide a service interconnect with a Makuu 280 reservoir to
provide service from 240' elevation to the shoreline. From the
Makuu reservoir, water will be boosted to another reservoir at
elevation 490' to provide service from 470' elevation to 240'.
Cost estimates of such a system were not attempted due to
obsolescence of unit cost estimates before the many years
required for completion.
For barebones Hui owned systems based on limited service
area and funding, it is recommended that in-kind financing be
explored as the least capital intensive for well drilling,
professional services, and the pipeline. Such financing will
permit startup of a system consisting of one well with pump for
approximately $15,000. Subscription to the system by 25 homes at
the cost of $2000 each can pay for a minimal basic distribution
system and a storage tank-booster pump. Service can be
immediately extended to surrounding homes. The service area of
the well will be determined by the number of homes subscribing.
Those too far off the system will have wait for extension of the
system. A rapid increase may follow in the rate of development
that can be used to fund progressive upgrading and expansion of
the system. Such systems can be constructed around the Makuu and
Kaloli wells using them as the nucleus and ultimately integrating
them into a complete system.
Startup of the next larger system that would service a much
larger area area requires a much larger investment and is not
recommended at this time. If the barebones projects develop
sufficient interest to justify the large scale expansion and
upgrading, then the one million dollar financing of two well
fields, 3 reservoir sites and distribution system can be sought.
The nucleus effect of these systems will promote more rapid
expansion.
15
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