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New Rules Project -Retail -The Hometown Advantage -Big Box and Wal-Mart Econom... Page 4 of 11 Mart supporters, this study examines Me impact d the arrival of a Wet-Mart store on etaN and whdesale employment. It looks al 1,749 counties that atlded a Wal-Mart between 1977 and 1998. It flrWa Mat WaLMarrs snivel boosts retail empbymeM by 100 jobs in Me first year~ar kss Man the 200-400 jobs the company says its ataea create, because Its snivel causes existlng retaikrs ro downsize antl ky-oft employees. Over the next four yeah, them is a loss of 40-811 edditlonel refetl Jobe es more eompetlng retailers downsize and dose. The study also finds that Wal-Mart's arrival leads to a dedine of approximately 20 local wtxrksale jobs in the first five yeah, and an additlatal 10 wholesek jobs over the kng run (six or more years afler Wal-Mart's arrival). (Wal-Merl handles its own distribution and does not rely on wholesalers). This works out to a net gain of just 10.30 retail antl whdesale Jobs, and Me study does not examine whether these Jobs are part-dme or whether they pay more a less Man Me )obs elirttinakd by 4Va1-Mart. The study also found that within flue years of WaF Mart's arrival, the countlea had kst an average of four smatl reteN businesses, one midsized store, and one large store. n dose not estlmate tledinas in revenue to relaikra Mat survhre. Beaker rooked at the effect of WaFMart on stag employment kr neighboring communitles, but round Mat the confidence intervals were too krge (tneadng the result showed wWe varladon) ro draw arty rxrndtrslon about WaFMarl's snpad (Her Initlal working paper, published in 2002, reported an average dedine of 30 retail jobs in sturoundrog communifles, but, after conectlng an ertor, she determkted the contidence Intervals were too large ro produce a predse result.) 3. WAGES i BENEFITS These studies examlre Me efted of big-box chains, particularly WahMart, on wages and benefit for rerott empoyees. What Do We Know About Wal-Mart9 - BY Ametk Berrrhard4 Anmd CfiWdha, and Slobhan McGreM, Brennen Centerror Jusflce, August 2005 Thb scrupulousy fad-checked and rootnoted repot ouunea what we know about Wal-Mart, in terms of its wages, health Insurance benefits, compliance wiM labor laws, antl cost ro states. Il detaNs average atattN9 wages for variouc)ob desanlatlons. H repoAS Mat Wal-Mart empkyeea cam 20 percent less Ihan retaN worker on avenge. n outlktes the ouFOf-podtel costs. mverega gmttrdrons, and ellglbgtty requkemeMa ror fife retailers health Maurence plan, and compiles kdonnatlm on what vadoue states are spending ro proNtle Medlnta to unMSUred w.l-Mart empkyees and gtek children. The report also summarizes Wd-Man's record of kbor law Yrolagona. Impact of Wal-Mart GrowM on Eemings Mroughout the Retell Sector In Urban end Runl Counties - By Arindnja Dtree, Barry Eldlro, and Bda !.ester, InsMUk of IMrrsbiel Rdetlorts Woddrrg Paper Series. 2005 This study analyzes the impact d Wal-Mares expansion during Me 1990s on the earnings of rated workers. (tt uses a similar technique ro aCCWnI for possible biases in WabMarrs store roeatlon dederons as the study described ro Me RETAIL EMPIOYMEt4T sectlon above, The Ellett of Wal-Mart on local Labor Madteb.~ Thk shrdy tared that, bt wuntles Mat an part of Meaopdttan Statbtlnl Areas (MBAs), every adtiabnal WaFMarl store reduces averege earnings h tllat curdy by between 0.5% end 0.3%t'w workers at genenf merchandise stores and http://www.newrules.org/retaiUeconimpact.html ~ 9/5/2007