Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0554.000 2008-2010 William P. Kenoi Mayor William T. Takaba Managing Director Wally Lau Deputy Managing Director County of Hawaj'j 891 Ululani Street. Hila, Hawai'j 96720-3982 . (808) 961-8211 . Fax (808) 961-6553 KONA: 75-5706 Kuakini Highway, Suite 103 . Kailua-Kana, Hawai'i 96740 (808) 329-5226 . Fax (808) 326-5663 September 22, 2009 ..... , c.:.'::> ='? ~~ Honorable J Yoshimoto, Chairman and Members of the County Council County ofHawai'i 333 KIlauea Avenue Hilo, HI 96720 l,-) .---, ~:< ~~~"~' :~~' u'_" C() r'il -c N ... ---. .,:0 ~'.-" ...;:., J.. Dear Chairman Yoshimoto and Members: c.o W OJ \ ' ...._"'.... V Change of Zone Application (REZ 09-000098) Applicant: Kona Country Club, Inc. Request: A-Sa to RM-30 Tax Map Key: 7-8-10:101 County Council Initiated - Resolution No. 108 09a Amendments to Ordinance No. 05 25, as Amended (County of Hawai'i General Plan) Relating to the Conversion from a Single Plam1ing Commission to the Windward and Leeward Planning Commissions Planning Director Initiated Amendment to Chapter 25 (Zoning Code) of the Hawai'i County Code 1983 (2005 Edition), As Amended Relating to Agricultural Tourism As required by Chapter 4, Sec. 6-4.3(C), Hawai'i County Charter, transmitted herewith for the County Council's consideration and action are the Planning Commission's letters and enclosures regarding the above-referenced requests. ~~~ William P. Kenoi Mayor Enclosures cc: Planning Department C6ill \SLt-) Comm. No. Ref. To: Ref. Dote - 5S+ pc' SEP 2 8 200~ . ... County of Hawai'i PLANNING COMMISSION Aupuni Center. 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 . Hilo, Hawai'i 96720 Phone (808) 961-8288 . Fax (808) 961-8742 September 22, 2009 l",-> <:::::>> = CJ::j The Honorable J Yoshimoto, Chairman and Members of the County Council County of Hawai 'i 333 Kilauea Avenue, 2nd Floor Hilo, HI 96720 -, t. " r-.., '-' ;;~ , c': Cf) rll -0 ~., " .. . y f'0 _C _.J.....:;' ::3 Dear Chairman Yoshimoto and Council Members: (D (..) QJ Change of Zone Application (REZ 09-000098) Applicant: Kona Country Club, Inc. Request: A-Sa to RM-30 Tax Map Key: 7-8-10:101 The Planning Commission, after a duly held public hearing on August 28,2009, voted to recommend for your approval the proposed legislative bill for a change of zone from an Agricultural- 5 acre (A-Sa) to a Multiple Family Residential- 30,000 square feet (RM-30) district for 51.1 acres of land. The area involved is located mauka of the Mamalahoa Bypass Highway, between the Highway and the Kona Country Club mauka golf course, Keauhou Resort, Keauhou, North Kona, Hawai'i. The Commission concurs with the following Planning Director's reasons for recommending favorable consideration of the change of zone: The applicant requests a Change of Zone from A-Sa to RM-30 to allow the development of 60 multi-residential units, which may include a mix of multiple-family and single-family residential units, and related improvements. Preliminary plans include attached homes clustered in groups of 6 to 14 dwellings and surrounded by landscaped common areas or open space. According to the applicant, the final concept may consist of a mix of multi-family residential and single-family residential lots depending on the market at the time of construction. The mix of units may vary, but the ultimate density will be the same. The project includes: Hawai'i County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer v The Honorable J Yoshimoto, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 2 . A maximum of 60 residential units . Recreation center, to possibly include a pavilion or lanai, swimming pool, and , barbeque area . Private access road, entry way, and common internal driveway to individual units. The applicant has submitted a concurrent request for a Special Management Area Use Permit for the development of 60 residential units and related improvements. In order to consider an area for any type of zoning designation, the applicable goals, policies and standards of the General Plan must be adequately addressed. It is only through such a comprehensive policy analysis approach that evaluations and decisions can be made to better time and stage developments to achieve growth determined by the General Plan and related planning documents. The implications of these evaluations and decisions must be also considered as they may have an impact on similar areas in the County. The Change of Zone request from A-5a to RM-3 will conform to the goals, policies and standards of the General Plan Economic and Land Use elements. The Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map component of the General Plan is a representation of the document's goals and policies to guide the coordinated growth and development of the County. It reflects a graphic depiction of tpe physical relationship among the various land uses. The LUP AG Map establishes the basic urban and non- urban form for areas within the County. The subject area is designated Urban Expansion Area, which allows for a mix of high density, medium density, low density, industrial, industrial-commercial and/or open designations in areas where new settlements may be desirable, but where the specific settlement pattern and mix of uses have not yet been determined. Soils within the property are identified as (rL W) Lava flows, pahoehoe; a miscellaneous land type; lava flows A'a, and Punaluu Extremely Rocky Peat, 6 to 20 percent slopes. The proposed development also complements the goals, policies and standards of the Land Use (Housing element) and Economic elements of the General Plan. The project site is unclassified by the Land Study Bureau's Detailed Land Classification System as well as the ALISH System. The project site is located in Zone "X", areas outside of the SOO-year flood plain. The property is an approximately Sl.l-acre undeveloped site at the southern end of Ali'i Drive and the beginning of the Mamalahoa Highway Bypass in Keauhou. The property was recently subdivided from TMK: 7-8-10: 30. Surrounding parcels include v The Honorable J Yoshimoto, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 3 the Kona Country Club mauka golf course to the north and east (zoned Open), open space zoned A-5a west and south of the site, and a future accessiroad on the south. The primary access to the project site is from the Mamalahoa Highway Bypass. An existing permitted access connection is available on Mamalahoa Highway Bypass for the property and lands mauka of the Kona Country Club Golf Course. This access connection coincides with an existing unsignalized, channelized intersection and the location of a portion of the project site. The applicant proposes to improve the access from the highway intersection to the proposed residential portion of the project site. The Department of Public Works recommends the construction of a collector roadway from the Mamalahoa Highway Bypass to the project access to County dedicable standards. The DPW further states that "the profile of the road shall anticipate the widening of the bypass to the 120-foot wide, 4-lane configuration..." This recommendation will be included as a condition of approval. Austin, Tsutsumi & Associates completed a traffic assessment for the project in February, 2009. New vehicle trips are anticipated to peak at 10 vehicles per hour during the AM commuter peak hour of traffic and 16 vehicles per hour during the PM commuter peak hour of traffic. The study concluded that the project would generate a low volume of traffic and would have minimal impact on existing local roads. Additionally, the study concluded that the project does not meet the minimum criteria of 50 peak hour trips specified in Section 25-2-46 Concurrency Requirements of the Hawai'i County Code regarding the preparation of a Traffic Impact Assessment Report. The project is estimated to generate fewer than 20 peak hour trips and a Traffic Impact Assessment Report is not required An Archaeological Inventory Survey was conducted by Cultural Surveys Hawai'i in December, 1992 and revised in September 1994. During the survey, twenty sites were located within the project site. These sites included a temporary and permanent habitation, agricultural features, trails and burials. The State Department of Land and Natural Resources - Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-HPD) issued a letter dated November 7, 1994 accepting the report's findings and recommendations, which included the preservation of four possible significant sites: a burial site (Site No. 7610), a platform with a possible burial (Site No. 7671), a permanent habitation site (Site No. 7803), and a temporary habitation site (Site No. 7682). These sites will be preserved in the buffered landscaped areas of the proposed development. County water is available to the project site via an existing 12-inch waterline in Ali'i Drive located makai of the property. All wastewater will be disposed of into the sewer line owned by the Keauhou Community Services Inc. The applicant will construct ~ The Honorable J Yoshimoto, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 4 a sewerline along its golf course boundary from the proposed development to the existing sewer line in Ali'i Drive. All other essential utilities and services are or can be made available to the site. The request is not contrary to Chapter 205A,.Hawai'i Revised Statues, relating to Coastal Zone Management. The property is located in the Special Management Area; thus, the applicant has submitted a concurrent request for a Special Management Area Use Permit application. The project site is located mauka of Ali'i Drive and the Mamalahoa Bypass Highway and will not be impacted by coastal hazard and beach erosion. There is no record of a designated public access that traverses the property. According to the applicant, historically significant sites will be preserved in the buffered landscaped areas of the proposed development. Currently, there is no evidence of any traditional and customary Native Hawaiian rights being practiced on the site. Thus, it is not anticipated that the proposed request will have any adverse impact on cultural or historical resources in the area. In view of the Hawai'i State Supreme Court's "PASH" and "Ka Pa'akai 0 Ka 'Aina" decisions, the issue relative to native Hawaiian gathering and fishing rights must be addressed in terms of the cultural, historical, and natural resources and the associated traditional and customary practices of the site: Investigation of valued resources: The following information was included in the application for the review of the Planning Commission: A. An Archaeological Inventory Survey conducted by Cultural Surveys Hawai'i in December, 1992 and revised in September 1994. B. Pending cultural resources survey by Cultural Surveys Hawai'i The valued cultural. historical. and natural resources found in the rezoning area: The Archaeological Inventory Survey revealed twenty sites located within the project site. These sites included a temporary and permanent habitation, agricultural features, trails and burials. The State Department of Land and Natural Resources - Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-HPD) issued a letter dated November 7, 1994, accepting the report's findings and recommendations, which included the preservation of four possible significant sites. These sites will be preserved in the buffered landscaped areas of the proposed development. Possible adverse effect or impairment of valued resources: The project will require site grading and grubbing, and construction of various improvements such as roadways. These activities will cause changes to the vegetation types which presently .. The Honorable J Yoshimoto, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 5 exist on the project site. Native vegetation may be destroyed: by ground alteration. Changes in species composition will be introduced through landscaping and natural processes, perhaps resulting in a loss of some native plants. However, these plants are found in similar habitats throughout the general area and continue to grow within the natural lava. There is no evidence that the flora in the area are particularly desired or used for cultural practices. The project will also alter the existing fauna on the site. The clearing and landscaping of large areas will create non-native habitat areas. Existing on- site species may be dislocated as part of the project development. No rare or endangered plant or avian species were identified within or near the project site. . Feasible actions to protect native Hawaiian rights: The project site is located mauka of Ali'i Drive and the Mamalahoa Highway Bypass and will not be impacted by coastal hazard and beach erosion. There are no identified recreational resources or public access to the shoreline or mountain areas, scenic and open space preserves, coastal ecosystems, marine resources or other natural and environmental resources in the project area. According to the applicant, no gathering is taking place in the project area. Thus, to the extent to which traditional and customary native Hawaiian rights are exercised, the proposed action will not affect traditional Hawaiian rights; therefore, no action is necessary to protect these rights. Based on the above findings, approval of the Change of Zone request from AgriculturalS-acre (A-Sa) to Multiple Family Residential 30,000 square feet (RM-30) would result in an appropriate land use pattern that will further the public necessity and convenience and the general welfare. For your favorable consideration, an amendment to Section 25-8-3 (North Kona District Zone Map), of the County Zoning Code is transmitted. The Honorable J Yoshimoto, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 6 Weare enclosing copies of the staff Background and Planning Director's Recommendation for your information. Sincerely, ~/ ~c~p~ RO~n~y walt:abe, Chairman Leeward Planning Commission Lkonacountryclubrez09-000098PC2 Enclosures cc: Mr. Sidney Fuke Mr. Glen Koyama Department of Public Works Department of Water Supply Department of Land & Natural Resources-HPD DOT -Highways, Honolulu Lincoln Ashida, Esq., Corporation Counsel RKCCREZ.doc -8/6/09 COUNTY OF HAWAI'I PLANNING DEPARTMENT RECOMMENDATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB, INC. CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 09-98) Upon careful review of the request against the guidelines for granting a change of zone, the Planning Director is recommending that a favorable recommendation for a Change of Zone from Agricultural5-acre (A-Sa) to Multiple Family Residential 30,000 square feet (RM-30) for approximately 51.1 acres be forwarded to the County Council. Since this recommendation is made without the benefit of public testimony, the Director reserves the right to modify and/or alter this position. This favorable recommendation is based on the following findings: The applicant requests a Change of Zone from A-5ato RM-30 to allow the development of 60 multi-residential units, which may include a mix of multiple-family and single-family residential units, and related improvements. Preliminary plans include attached homes clustered in groups of 6 to 14 dwellings and surrounded by landscaped common areas or open space. According to the applicant, the final concept may consist of a mix of multi-family residential and single-family residential lots depending on the market at the time of construction. The mix of units may vary, but the ultimate density will be the same. The project includes: · A maximum of 60 residential units · Recreation center, to possibly include a pavilion or lanai, swimming pool, and barbeque area · Private access road, entry way, and common internal driveway to individual units The applicant has submitted a concurrent request for a Special Management Area Use Permit for the development of 60 residential units and rdated improvements. In order to consider an area for any type of zoning designation, the applicable goals, policies and standards of the General Plan must be adequately addressed. It is only through such a comprehensive policy analysis approach that evaluations and decisions can -1- Carrn. 554 Bill 154 be made to better time and stage developments to achieve growth determined by the General Plan and related planning documents. The implications of these evaluations and decisions must be also considered as they may have an impact on similar areas in the County. The Change of Zone request from A-Sa to RM-3 will conform to the goals, policies and standards of the General Plan Economic and Land Use elements. The Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map component of the General Plan is a representation of the document's goals and policies to guide the coordinated growth and development of the County. It reflects a graphic depiction of the physical relationship among the various land uses. The LUP AG Map establishes the basic urban and non-urban form for areas within the County. The subject area is designated Urban Expansion Area, which allows for a mix of high density, medium density, low density, industrial, industrial- commercial and/or open designations in areas where new se~tlements may be desirable, but where the specific settlement pattern and mix of uses have not yet been determined. Soils within the property are identified as (rLW) Lava flows, pahoehoe; a miscellaneous land type; lava flows A' a, and Punaluu Extremely RockyPeat, 6 to 20 percent slopes. The proposed development also complements the goals, policies and standards of the Land Use (Housing element) and Economic elements of the General Plan. The project site is unclassified by the Land Study Bureau's Detailed Land Classification System as well as the ALISH System. The project site is located in Zone "X", areas outside of the SOD-year flood plain. The property is an approximately 51. I-acre undeveloped site at the southern end of Alii Drive and the beginning of the Mamalahoa Highway Bypass in Keauhou. The property was recently subdivided from TMK: 7-8-10: 30. Surrounding parcels include the Kona Country Club mauka golf course to the north and east (zoned Open), open space zoned A-Sa west and south of the site, and a future access road on the south. The primary access to the project site is from the Mamalahoa Highway Bypass. An existing permitted access connection is available on Mamalahoa Highway Bypass for the property and lands mauka of the Kona Country Club Golf Course. This access -2- connection coincides with an existing unsignalized, channelized intersection and the location of a portion of the project site. The applicant proposes to improve the access from the highway intersection to the proposed residential portion of the project site. The Department of Public Works recommends the construction of a collector roadway :from the Mamalahoa Highway Bypass to the project access to County dedicable standards. The DPW further states that "the profile of the road shall anticipate the widening of the bypass to the 120-foot wide, 4-lane configuration..." This recommendation will be included as a condition of approval. Austin, Tsutsumi & Associates completed a traffic assessment for the project in February, 2009. New vehicle trips are anticipated to peak at 10 vehicles per hour during the AM commuter peak hour of traffic and 16 vehicles per hour during the PM commuter peak hour of traffic. The study concluded that the project would generate a low volume of traffic and would have minimal impact on existing local r1?ads. Additionally, the study concluded that the project does not meet the minimum criteria of 50 peak hour trips specified in Section 25-2-46 Concurrency Requirements of the Hawai'i County Code regarding the preparation of a Traffic Impact Assessment Report. The project is estimated to generate fewer than 20 peak hour trips and a Traffic Impact Assessment Report is not required An Archaeological Inventory Survey was conducted by Cultural Surveys Hawai'i in December, 1992 and revised in September 1994. During the survey, twenty sites were located within the project site. These sites included a temporary and permanent habitation, agricultural features, trails and burials. The State Department of Land and Natural Resources - Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-HPD) issued a letter dated November 7, 1994 accepting the report's findings and recommendations, which included the preservation of four possible significant sites: a burial site (Site No. 7610), a platform with a possible burial (Site No. 7671), a permanent habitation site (Site No. 7803), and a temporary habitation site (Site No. 7682). These sites will be preserved in the buffered landscaped areas of the proposed development. County water is available to the project site via an existing 12-inch waterline in Alii -3- Drive located makai of the property. All wastewater will be disposed of into the sewer line owned by the Keauhou Community Services Inc. The applicant will construct a sewerline along its golf course boundary from the proposed development to the existing sewer line in Alii Drive. All other essential utilities and services are or can be made available to the site. The request is not contrary to Chapter 205A, Hawaii Revised Statues, relating to Coastal Zone Management. The property is located in the Special Management Area; thus the applicant has submitted a concurrent request for a Special Management Area Use Permit application. The project site is located mauka of Alii Drive and the Mamalahoa Bypass Highway and will not be impacted by coastal hazard and beach erosion. There is no record of a designated public access that traverses the property. According to the applicant, historically significant sites will be preserved in the buffered landscaped areas of the proposed development. Currently, there is no evidence of any traditional and customary Native Hawaiian rights being practiced on the site. Thus, it is not anticipated that the proposed request will have any adverse impact on cultural or historical resources in the area. In view of the Hawaii State Supreme Court's "PASH" and "Ka Pa 'akai 0 Ka 'Aina" decisions, the issue relative to native Hawaiian gathering and fishing rights must be addressed in terms of the cultural, historical, and natural resources and the associated traditional and customary practices of the site: Investigation of valued resources: The following information was included in the application for the review of the Planning Commission: A. An Archaeological Inventory Survey conducted by Cultural Surveys Hawai'i in December, 1992 and revised in September 1994. B. Pending cultural resources survey by Cultural Surveys Hawai'i -4- The valued cultural. historical. and natural resources found in the rezoning area: The Archaeological Inventory Survey revealed twenty sites located within the project site. These sites included a temporary and permanent habitation, agricultural features, trails and burials. The State Department of Land and Natural Resources - Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-HPD) issued a letter dated November 7, 1994 accepting the report's findings and recommendations, which included the preservation of four possible significant sites. These sites will be preserved in the buffered landscaped areas of the proposed development. Possible adverse effect or impairment of valued resources: The project will require site grading and grubbing, and construction of various improvements such as roadways. These activities will cause changes to the vegetation types which presently exist on the project site. Native vegetation may be destroyed by ground alteration. Changes in species composition will be introduced through landscaping and natural processes, perhaps resulting in a loss of some native plants. However, these plants are found in similar habitats throughout the general area and continue to grow within the natural lava. There is no evidence that the flora in the area are particularly desired or used for cultural practices. The project will also alter the existing fauna on the site. The clearing and landscaping of large areas will create non-native habitat areas. Existing on-site species may be dislocated as part of the project development. No rare or endangered plant or avian species were identified within or near the project site. Feasible actions to protect native Hawaiian rights: The project site is located mauka of Alii Drive and the Mamalahoa Highway Bypass and will not be impacted by coastal hazard and beach erosion. There are no identified recreational resources or public access to the shoreline or mountain areas, scenic and open space preserves, coastal ecosystems, marine resources or other natural and environmental resources in the project area. According to the applicant, no gathering is taking place in the project area. Thus, to the extent to which traditional and customary native Hawaiian rights are exercised, the proposed action will not affect traditional Hawaiian rights; therefore, no action is necessary to protect these rights. -5- CKCCSMAREZ.doc-8/6/09 KONA COUNTRY CLUB, INC. CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 09-98) CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL A. The applicant, its successor or assigns shall be responsible for complying with all stated conditions of approval. B. Prior to the issuance of a water commitment by the Department of Water Supply, the applicant, its successors or assigns shall submit the anticipated maximum daily water usage calculations as recommended by a registered engineer and a water commitment deposit in accordance with the "Water Commitment Guidelines Policy" to the Department of Water Supply within 180 days from the effective date of this ordinance. C. The applicant, successors, or assigns shall install an~ construct the water improvements outlined in the Department of Water Supply's July 29, 2009 addressed to the Planning Director prior to the issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy. D. Construction of the proposed development shall be completed within five (5) years from the effective date of the ordinance. Prior to construction, the. applicant, successors or assigns shall secure Final Plan Approval for the proposed development in accordance with Section 25-2-70, Chapter 25 (Zoning Code), Hawai'i County Code. Plans shall identify all existing and/or proposed structures, paved driveway access and parking stalls associated with the proposed development. Landscaping shall also be indicated on the plans for the purpose of mitigating any adverse noise or visual impacts to adjacent properties in accordance with the requirements of Planning Department's Rule No. 17 (Landscaping Requirements), Chapter 25 (Zoning Code), Hawaii County Code. E. Access to the development shall meet with the approval of the Department of Public Works. The roadway easement from the Mamalahoa Highway Bypass to the project shall be constructed to County dedicable standards, including curbs, gutters and sidewalks, meeting with the approval of the 1 Department of Public Works, and dedicate it to the County upon request. F. All wastewater generated shall be disposed into the Keauhou Resort's sewer system owned and maintained by the Keauhou Community Services, Inc. G. All development-generated runoff shall be disposed of on-site and shall not be directed toward any adjacent properties. H. A drainage study shall be prepared by a licensed civil engineer and submitted to the Department of Public Works. The recommended drainage improvements shall be constructed, meeting with the approval of the Department of Public Works prior to receipt of Final Plan Approval. I. During construction, measures shall be taken to minimize the potential of both fugitive dust and runoff sedimentation. Such measures shall be in compliance with construction industry standards and practices utilized during construction projects of the State of Hawaii. J. Earthwork and grading shall conform to Chapter 10, Erosion and Sediment Control of the Hawaii County Code. K. A Solid Waste Management Plan shall be submitted to the Department of Environmental Management for review and approval prior to the issuance of Final Plan Approval. L. The four archaeological sites identified in the Arcllaeological Inventory survey prepared by Cultural Surveys Hawai'i and identified on the development plan shall be preserved. M. Should any undiscovered remains of historic sites, such as rock walls, terraces, platforms, marine shell concentrations or human burials be encountered, work in the immediate area shall cease and the Department of Land and Natural Resources-Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-HPD) shall be immediately notified. Subsequent work shall proceed upon an archaeological clearance from the DLNR-HPD when it finds that sufficient mitigation measures have been taken. N. To ~nsure that the Goals and Policies of the Housing Element of the General Plan are implemented, the applicant, successors or assigns shall comply with tile requirements of Chapter 11, Article 1, Hawaii County Code relating to 2 Affordable Housing Policy. This requirement shall be approved by the Administrator of the Office of Housing and Community Development prior to Final Plan Approval. O. The applicant, successors or assigns shall make its fair share contribution to mitigate the potential regional impacts of the property with respect to parks and recreation, fire, police, solid waste disposal facilities and roads. The fair share contribution shall become due and payable prior to receipt of Final Plan Approval. The fair share contribution for each unit shall be based on the actual number of residential units developed. The fair share contribution in a form of cash, land, facilities or any combination thereof shall be determined by the County Council. The fair share contribution may be adjusted annually beginning three years after the effective date of the amendment to the ordinance, based on the percentage change in the Honolulu Consumer Price Index (HCPI). The fair share contribution shall have a maximum combined value of $7,383.36 per multiple family residential unit ($11,506.13 per single-family residential unit). The total amount shall be determined with the actual number of units according to the calculation and payment provisions set forth in this condition. The fair share contribution per single-family residential unit shall be allocated as follows: · $3,642.00 per multiple family residential unit ($5,548.46 per single- family residential) unit to the County to support park and recreational improvements and facilities; · $115.11 per multiple family residential unit ($267.66 per single-family residential unit) to the County to support police facilities; · $354.08 per multiple family residential unit ($528.66 per single-family residential unit) to the County to support fire facilities; · $157.81 per multiple family residential unit ($231.45 per single-family residential unit) to the County to support solid waste facilities; · $3,114.36 per multiple family residential unit ($4,929.90 per single- family residential unit) to the County to support road and traffic improvements; 3 In lieu of paying the fair share contribution, the applicant may contribute land and/or construct improvements/facilities related to parks and recreation, fire, police, solid waste disposal facilities and roads within the region impacted by the proposed development, subject to the review and recommendation of the Planning Director, upon consultation with the appropriate agencies and approval of the County Council. P. Should the Council adopt a Unified Impact Fees Ordinance setting forth criteria for imposition of exactions or the assessment of impact fees, conditions included herein shall be credited towards the requirements of the Unified Impact Fees Ordinance. Q. The applicant shall comply with all applicable County, State and Federal laws, rules, regulations and requirements. R. An annual progress report shall be submitted to the Planning Director prior to the effective date of the ordinance. The report shall include, but not be limited to, the status of the development and compliance with the conditions of approval. This condition shall remain in effect until all of the conditions of approval have been satisfied and the Planning Director acknowledges that further reports are not required. S. An initial extension of time for the performance of conditiqns within this ordinance may be granted by the Planning Director upon the following circumstances: 1. The non-performance is the result of conditions that could not have been foreseen or are beyond the control of the applicant, successors or assigns, and that are not the result of their fault or negligence. 2. Granting ofthe time extension would not be contrary to the General Plan or Zoning Code. 3. Granting of the time extension would not be contrary to the original reasons for the granting of the change of zone. 4. The time extension granted shall be for a period not to exceed-the period originally granted for performance (i.e., a condition to be 4 performed within one year may be extended for up to one additional year). 5. If the applicant(s) should require an additional extension of time, the Planning Department shall submit the request to the County Council for appropriate action. Should any of the conditions not be met or substantially complied with in a timely manner, the Planning Director may initiate rezoning ofthe property to its original or more appropriate designation. 5 COUNTY OF HAWAI'I STATE OF HAWAI'I BILL NO. (P/~i1l7tn~ ~f) AN ORDINANCE AMENDING SECTION 25-8-3 (NORTH KONA ZONE MAP), ARTICLE 8, CHAPTER 25 (ZONING CODE) OF THE HAW AI'I COUNTY CODE 1983 (2005 EDITION), BY CHANGING THE DISTRICT CLASSIFICATION FROM AGRICULTURAL - 5 ACRES (A-5a) TO MULTIPLE F AMIL Y RESIDENTIAL - 30,000 SQUARE FEET (RM-30) AT KEAUHOU, NORTH KONA, HA WAr'I, COVERED BY TAX MAP KEY: 7-8-010:101. ORDINANCE NO. BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAW AI'I: SECTION 1. Section 25-8-3, Article 8, Chapter 25 (Zoning Code) of the Hawai'i County Code 1983 (2005 Edition), is amended to change the district classification of property described hereinafter as follows: The district classification of the following area situated at Keauhou, North Kona, Hawai'i, shall be Multiple Family Residentia1- 30,000 square feet (RM-30): Beginning at the Southwest comer ofthis parcel ofland and on the easterly side of Mama1ahoa Bypass Highway, the coordinates of said point of beginning referred to Government Survey Triangulation Station "KEAUHOU COAST' being 1,6~7.58 feet South and 4,235.06 feet East, thence running by azimuths measured clockwise from True South: 1. 1450 50' 44" 119.98 feet along the easterly side of Mamalahoa Bypass Highway; 2. Thence along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 ofR.P. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha, on a curve to the left with a radius of 30.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 2800 50' 44" 42.43 feet; -1- 3. 2350 50' 44" 39.73 feet along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l of R.P. 7844. L.c. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 4. Thence along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l ofRP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha, on a curve to the right with a radius of 330.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 5. 2740 50' 2.92 2550 20' 22" 220.25 feet; feet along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l of R.P. 7844,L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 6. Thence along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l ofR.P. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha, on a curve to the left with a radius of 30.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 7. 1840 50' 89.03 2290 50' 42.43 feet; feet along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l of R.P. 7844. L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 8. Thence along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l ofR.P. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha, on a curve to the left with a radius of 475.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 9. 1590 26' 50" 101.48 10. 690 26' 50" 230.09 172008' 25" 208.74 feet; feet along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l of R.P. 7844, Lc. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; feet along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l of R.P. 7844, L.c. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; -2- 11. 520 51 ' 60.00 feet along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 12. Thence along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l ofRP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha, on a curve to the right with a radius of 1,030.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 152030' 345.32 feet; 13. 1620 09' 502.03 feet along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 14. Thence along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l ofRP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha, on a curve to the left with a radius of970.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 153036' 15" 288.29 feet; 15. 1100 41 ' 471.74 feet along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 16. 1440 30' 376.87 feet along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 17. 1940 02' 164.00 feet along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 o~ RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 18. 2320 21 ' 701.17 feet along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-l and Lot A ofR.P. 7844, L.c. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 19. 1890 10' 221.00 feet along Lot A ofR.P. 7844, L.c. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; -3- 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 20. 2100 05' 115.00 feet along Lot A of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 377.00 feet along Lot A ofRP. 7844, L.c. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 700.00 feet along Lot A ofRP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 640.00 feet along Lot A ofRP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 120.00 feet along Lot A ofR.P. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 142.00 feet along Lot A ofRP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 21. 1830 50' 578.00 feet along Lot A ofR.P. 7844, L.c. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 3110 50' 3240 40' 570 00' 360 10' 70 50' 3380 50' 30" 3420 50' 690 26' 50" 3390 26' 50" 359.86 feet along Lot A ofR.P. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 528.07 feet along Lot A ofRP. 7844, L.c. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 230.09 feet along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.c. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 101.48 feet along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l of RP. 7844, L.c. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; ,]1. Thence along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 ofRP. 7844, L.c. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha, on a curve to the right with a radius of 525.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 352008' 25" 230.71 feet; -4- 32. 40 50' 89.03 feet along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l of R.P. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 33. Thence along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l ofRP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha, on a curve to the left with a radius of 30.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 319050' 42.43 feet; 34. 40 50' 60.00 feet along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l of R.P. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 35. 940 50' 112.92 feet along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l of RP. 7844, L.c. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 36. Thence along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l ofRP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha, on a curve to the left with a radius of270.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 750 20' 22" 180.20 feet; 37. 550 50' 44" 39.73 feet along the remainder of Lot C-l- A -1 of RP. 7844, L.c. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 38. Thence along the remainder of Lot C-I-A-l ofR.P. 7844, L.c. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha, on a curve to the left with a radius of 30.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 100 51' 48" 42.41 feet to the point of beginning and containing an area of 51.058 acres. All as shown on the map attached hereto, marked Exhibit "A" and by reference made a part hereof. -5- SECTION 2. In accordance with Section 25-2-44, Hawai'i County Code 1983 (2005 Edition), the County Council finds the following conditions are: Necessary to prevent circumstances which may be adverse to the public health, safety and welfare; or (1) Reasonably conceived to fulfill needs directly emanating from the land use proposed with respect to: (A) Protection of the public from the potentially deleterious effects of the proposed use, or (B) Fulfillment of the need for public service demands created by the proposed use. SEE ATTACHED CONDITIONS SECTION 3. In the event that any portion of this ordinancfHs declared invalid, such invalidity shall not affect the other parts of this ordinance. SECTION 4. This ordinance shall take effect upon its approval. INTRODUCED BY: COUNCIL MEMBER, COUNTY OF HAW AI'I , Hawai'i Date of Introduction: Date of 1 st Reading: Date of 2nd Reading: Effective Date: -6- o A-5a A-5a = A-5a A-5a AGRICULTURAL - 5 ACRES (A-Sa) TO MULTIPLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL - 30,000 SQUARE FEET (RM-30) 51.058 ACRES OPEN OPEN 1,000 2,000 4,000 6,000 A-5a A-5a 8,000 Feet AMENDMENT TO THE ZONING CODE AMENDING SECTION 25-8-3 (NORTH KONA ZONE MAP) ARTICLE 8, CHAPTER 25 (ZONING CODE) OF THE HAW AI'! COUNTY CODE 1983 (2005 EDITION), BY CHANGING THE DISTRICT CLASSIFICATION FROM AGRICULTURAL - 5 ACRES (A-5a) TO MULTIPLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL - 30,000 SQUARE FEET (RM-30) AT KEAUHOU, NORTH KONA, HAWAI'I MAP PREPARED BY: COUNTY OF HAWAI'I, PLANNING DEPARTMENT TMK: 7-8-10:101 EXHIBIT "A" i H ,\ :,'J DATE: June 25, 2009 (Kona Country Club. Inc - Mao 12681 KonaCCrevcond8/24/09.doc KONA COUNTRY CLUB, INC. CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 09-98) SPECI~L",MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT (SMA 09-34) Proposed new Conditions L, M and N · New Condition L: An updated Archaeological Inventory Survey, including proposed mitigation measures, shall be submitted for the review and approval of the State Department of Land and . Natural Resources - Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-HPD) prior to submittal of plans for Plan Approval. · . New Condition M: The four archaeological sites identified in the Archaeological Inventory Survey prepared by Cultural Surveys Hawaii and identified on the proposed development plan and any other sites identified for preservation in an updated Archaeological Inventory Survey shall be preserved. The appropriate Preservation Plan, Data Recovery Plan, and Monitoring Plan shall be prepared and submitted to the State Department of Land and Natural Resource- Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-HPD) for review and ~ . ~ '. . approval. The Burial Treatment Plan shall be'prepared and submitted to the Hawai'i Island Burial Council for review and approval. These plans shall be approved prior to the issuance of any land disturbance permits proximate to or affecting the archaeological features and/or burials required for preservation. · New Condition N: A completed Cultural Impact Assessment Report shall be submitted for review and approval by the DLNR-HPD prior to the submittal of plans for Plan Approval. · Re-alphabetize conditions as necessary ~I Hi . LEEWARD PLANNING COMMISSION COUNTY OF HAW AI'I HEARING TRANSCRIPT AUGUST 28, 2009 A regularly advertised hearing on the applications of KONA COUNTRY CLUB, INC. (REZ 09-98/SMA 09-34) was called to order at 9:45 a.m. in the King Kamehameha's Kona Beach Hotel, Ballroom I, 75-5660 Palani Road, Kailua-Kona, Hawai'i with Chairman Rodney Watanabe presiding. PRESENT: Rodney Watanabe Brandi Beaudet Lani Bowman Frederic Housel Wayne Iokepa ABSENT & EXCUSED: Geraldine Giffin Brandon Gonzalez, Deputy Corporation Counsel BJ Leithead Todd, Planning Director Norman Hayashi, Planning Program Manager Phyllis Fujimoto, Staff Planner Jeff Darrow, Staff Planner Maija Cottle, Staff Planner Kiran Emler, Engineering Division, Department of Public Works And approximately ten people from the public in attendance APPLICANT: KONA COUNTRY CLUB, INC. (REZ 09-98/SMA 09-34) a. Change of Zone from Agricultural 5-acre (A-Sa) to Multiple-Family Residential 30,000 square feet (RM-30) for 51.1 acres ofland. b. Special Management Area Use Permit to allow the development of 60 residential units, which may include a mix of multiple-family and single-family residential units, and related improvements. The area involved is located mauka of the Mamalahoa Bypass Highway, between the Highway and the Kona Country Club mauka golf course, Keauhou Resort, Keauhou, North Kona, Hawai'i, TMK: 7-8-10:101. WATANABE: We can begin with Agenda Item No. 1 that would be Kona Country Club, Inc. This is a change of zone request, REZ 09-98, and included in that we also have SMA 09-34. So with that, I'll turn it over to you, Mr. Darrow. DARROW: Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Good morning, Mr. Chairman and Members of the Planning Commission. If I could direct your attention to the presentation on the wall. Our first applicant this morning is Kona Country Club, Inc. They are requesting a change of zone and a Special Management Area Use Permit. The location of this application is within the North Kona District ofHawai'i. More specifically, we are looking in the Keauhou area. Just for reference; we have Ali'i Drive and the beginning of the Mamalahoa Bypass Road running in a 1 north-south direction on the left side of the map. Running parallel with that road is Kllakini Highway. You may be familiar with the Keauhou Resort and Spa complex, which is located in this particular area. The actual location of this project is just a portion of the property that's identified; the property has been recently subdivided and our GIS program has not been updated to reflect the actual subdivision. We do have an aerial to kind of give you a bird's eye view of the project area. Again, we have Ali'i Drive and the Mamalahoa Bypass Road. We have the particular project site located in this area and the Kona Country Club Golf Course located just mauka from this site. And again, we have the Keauhou Resort complex located in this particular area. This is the subdivision map that shows the subdivision of that particular property. The area that we are looking at for this project is identified as Lot 2 in this particular configuration. This is the area that the current golf course is located at. And again, we have the road located on the makai side of the project. The applicant is requesting a change of zone from Agricultural 5 acres to Multiple-Family Residential 30,000 square feet, RM-30, for approximately 51.1 acres ofland, as well as a Special Management Area Use Permit to allow the development of 60 residential units, which may include a mix of multiple-family and single-family residential units, and related improvements. The reason for the request is to be able to develop marketable residential units on an available and suitable site in the resort community of Keauhou. The site is ideally suited for residential homes to benefit from the panoramic ocean views of the Kona Coast and its proximity to resort amenities. This is a proposed development concept plan. Again, we have Ali'i Drive and the beginning of the Marnalahoa Bypass Road running on the bottom portion ofthe map. The project site is located in this area. They are going to be accessing the project site just off the beginning of the Mamalahoa Bypass Road which is to the right side of the project. And again, this would include approximately six to 14 structures that would have residential units located within, as well as related improvements. The Planning Director is recommending that the Planning Commission forward a favorable recommendation for the change of zone and approval of the Special Management Area Use Permit. Are there any questions? W A TANABE: Well, fellow Commissioners, are there any questions of staff? Seeing none, then I guess I'll call up Mr. Fuke. Is Glen also going to be in the -? No? Okay. Okay then, may I swear you in, Mr. Fuke? Would you raise your right hand? Do you swear or affirm to tell the truth now before the Planning Commission? FUKE: I do. WATANABE: record. Thank you. And of course you know the drill - name and address for the 2 FUKE: Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, Members of the Commission. My name is Sidney Fuke. I'm a planning consultant, and I've been retained by the owner of Kona Country Club, Inc. to assist with the preparation and processing of this application. I would also like to at this time ackllowledge the presence ofMr. Glen Koyama of Belt Collins Hawaii, who is here to be able to answer any technical questions that, if I'm unable to. Also we have Mr. Mike Yukon who is the owner's representative and currently the general manager of Kona Country Club. I would also like to acknowledge the presence of two individuals who have been very instrumental in providing cultural guidance to this project as, you know, as we conceived the project and as hopefully the project has developed subject to approvals that we might need over the next few months; and these are Lily Kong and her daughter who also happens to be Lily as well. Your staff s background report is very adequate and comprehensive. I'd like to just kind of point out several things just for the Commissioners' information. Really like out of deference to the area's topography, the terrain, the historical aspects of this area, and a lot of it was gleaned as a result of the discussions that we directly and indirectly have had with people, area kupuna, particularly like, with Lily Kong. The vision that she had shared as well as the vision of the owner are pretty much like parallel; what they don't want to see is a project that's totally leveled like how we have seen some of the projects that have been developed along the North Kona and South Kohala Coast where you basically strip it down and you rebuild the total environment. The vision that the owner has for this project is really like to have a lot of the units sculptured within the existing environment to retain as much of the natural landscape as possible. And this is not only out of deference to the area's topography and the terrain but there is a lot of, Keauhou has a lot of history meaning you have, it's the birthplace of Kamehameha III, we have the famous Kuamo'o battle and then, of course, the Lekeleke burial area. The holua slide is featured on my far left -let's see - this is the holua slide. And there are also like a number of significant archaeological features that are on this site. There are actually four sites that have been recommended for preservation and these are like, this is a burial with a cave, and there is also another one over here that is a burial and a platform, and there are actually two significant habitation sites - one is over here and the other one is over here. There is also like a stepping stone, remnants of the stepping stone trail that purportedly served, you know, from the mauka area going all the way down to Keauhou that generally kind of like runs along in this direction, that the owner also intends to preserve. We have, in the discussions with Lily and others, recognized a need to retain as much ofthe existing vegetation in the area, particularly the monkeypod trees; and so what the owner intends to do is not only retain but they would like to introduce additional monkeypod and other plant species into this area that would be very low-water tolerant and not to create like a, you know, like a new landscape environment that's totally out, that does not fit this natural environment. So, true to that sense of commitment, what the owner has already represented to Lily and others is that prior to submittal of the more detailed plans, you know, to the Planning Department for Plan Approval review, it would consult with these individuals, and then submit a report together with the plans to the Planning Department for the review. So at least representations that we are making today can be collaborated in the subsequent permitting phase of this project. 3 '" Hopefully, the applicant would like to begin construction sometime, at least for the major infrastructure, by the ending part of next year and have it completed maybe two or three years thereafter. I'd like to, one other point I forgot to mention was that when this land here was originally considered, well, the owner had purchased this property a number of years ago, but you know, it was subject to a number of conditions and, you know, these conditions were finally fulfilled. And after these conditions were fulfilled, then the application was filed. But the original configuration of this site actually had an access coming down from, along, I'm sorry, along this section over here, which would be the extension of Kaleopapa Road, and Kaleopapa Road, of course, is the one that leads down to the Sheraton Keauhou. But this scheme was abandoned for a couple of reasons: One is that there are major archaeological features in this particular area, and secondly if you travel along Kal~opapa Road heading mauka, you know, you would notice that if you have a new road coming into this area, it becomes a very challenging task to construct; but more than that it will have a lot of scarifying in the particular area. So as a result, and given the construction of the H6kUli'a Bypass and the permitted access over here, it was felt after discussions with Kamehameha Investment Corporation who owns the balance of the property here, it was decided that this would be a much more prudent access rather than coming down on this way. And so when the land was finally subdivided, this is the newly created lot. Kamehameh~ Investment has long-term plans to develop the balance ofthis property here, so what you see is like a proposed roadway that will eventually extend north to either, I think Kamehameha III Road or possibly like Kaluna Road. But definitely there will be a north-south connection, you know, through this section here. I think I've pretty much covered most of the salient points. But ifthere are any others, then I will be more than happy to respond. WATANABE: Mr. Housel. Well, fellow Commissi.oners, do we have any questions for Mr. Fuke? HOUSEL: Yes. I was reading in the application in the background history in the description ofthe infrastructure, that it calls up you are asking for a gated entry -. FUKE: Correct. HOUSEL: Which is not consistent with the Kona Community Development Plan. Do you still intend for the gate there? FUKE: Well, at this point in time, you know, this road will be built to County dedicable standards and the road leading into the project will also be built to dedicable standards. One thing that the owner would like to avoid, and eventually may ask for a variance, is that, to minimize the visual impact of this area, is to not have a roadway that would be fully graded; you know, the current County standards right now call for the entire right-of-way to be graded. So what the owner would want to do is just to put in the, you know, keeping this road private and making it a 20-foot wide paved section with landscaping and, you know, natural conditions on the balance of the right-of-way to minimize scarifying this area. Relative to keeping the road, so 4 that's the objective; the idea is not to have it dedicated, this road would not be dedicated to the County. As far as, ifthere is a restriction against having it gated, then, you know, so be it. But at this point in time the owner intends to not have this section dedicated to the County. HOUSEL: I see. Now, also the report from the Chief of Police suggested that you look at a second egress. Are you doing that? FUKE: Well, unfortunately, as I mentioned earlier, the only other alternative would be to come down on Kaleopapa Road. But then, you know, it becomes a very difficult, it's a very difficult thing to achieve; that would be the ideal, but I don't think that would be possible. You know, you are looking at essentially a very low density project which is only 60 units. The alternative of, excuse me, the north-south connection, as I mentioned earlier, would really be from this section and eventually along that section as well. So regrettably I would have to conceive that aside from this entrance here there really would not be any feasible access way, because you have the golf course over here and the rest over here is, you know, basically all cliff. HOUSEL: Okay. Now, the entrance or the connection with the Mamalahoa Bypass, eventually that will, you know, be opened for traffic. FUKE: Correct. HOUSEL: Do you have any plans for entrance and exit lanes to your road there? FUKE: At some point in time when Kamehameha Investment, or the owner of this large property in the back, goes in for their requested entitlements, then this issue will have to be addressed. This area is all within the State Land Use Urban District, so it's only a question of time that the landowner would come in before this Commission for both an SMA Permit as well as a County rezoning at which time that this entrance would have to be addressed. HOUSEL: Okay, thank you. FUKE: Thank you. WATANABE: Okay. Yes? LEITHEAD TODD: I have a couple of comments in regards to the plantings. Although monkeypod is a lovely tree and I would want you to, you know, not cut wha(s already there, if you are going to introduce additional planting, my preference is native plants particularly looking at things like wiliwili and lama, , ohemakai, which, you know, traditionally are dry land forest and I think it would be appropriate in this area, and some of which are considered not exactly endangered but you know they are not in a great supply. And they would work well in a drier area. So my preference would be to try and use native plants and put that into the plantings because at one time that's what would have been here. And I've also, you know, on the record I'm not a fan of gated communities and it's also inconsistent with the Kona CDP. I'm not as concerned about this particular subdivision as I am subdivisions that lead to forest areas and to the shoreline areas where I think gates really impede 5 public access and really stand in the way of not only gathering for native Hawaiians but for people like me who like to go to the ocean and, you know -. I grew up being able to go to the ocean to get limu kohu, limu 'ele'ele, to go up into the mountains to pick my foliage, my maile, my'ohelo. And so I'm not as concerned about this cause it doesn't really lead to that type of a resource, but generally because of police and fire access I really don't want to see more in a way of gated communities occurring on the island. WATANABE: Mr. Puke? PUKE: . Thank you very much. Yeah, we will communicate that to the owner. And as far as the landscaping portion, very definitely, you know, if you wish to have a condition to mandate the use of native Hawaiian type of species, the applicant would have no objection to that, particularly since that is consistent with his plan. And I just informally consulted with our consultant and it's okay. WATANABE: Okay, thank you. But as a follow-up, Madam Director, you don't feel as though we need to actually add any. You already have a condition for landscaping, Rule 17 -. LEITHEAD TODD: When they come in for landscaping, I will require within the Department native plants. It's my preference. It's what I'm going to require when anybody comes in with any type of landscaping plan. Mainly because I think that in particular areas given the arid conditions trying to use plants that traditionally thrived in those areas makes much more sense; it's much more consistent with conserving water, reducing the amount of landscaping and it serves the dual purpose of trying to preserve those native species which have been endangered in the past through cattle, through goats and sheep and pigs. And so, you know, that's the direction that I see this Department going in; it's what I would require when people come in. I do it, you know, I look at it even in urban areas in Hilo. I prefer native plants where possible. And the only thing is up to the Commission to look at the Kona CDP and look for consistency with the CDP in terms of whether putting a restriction on a gated community is consistent with what's required in the CDP. So the Commission may want to look at adding that as a condition. . WATANABE: Okay. Mr. Fuke, aside from the gated community issue, I assume you've had a chance to review the Department's recommendations, as well as conditions and the revised conditions - I believe the new conditions are Condition L, Condition M and Condition N. So are those satisfactory to you? PUKE: Correct. Yeah, the applicant has had a chance to review the initial recommendations as well as the amendments, and found them to be totally acceptable and very reasonable. W A TANABE: Okay, thank you. Then maybe what we should do is, if there are no further questions for the applicant's representative, maybe what we should do is deliberate and discuss the gated issue. HOUSEL: Mr. Chair? 6 WATANABE: Mr. Housel. HOUSEL: I have a question for the Planning Director on these conditions. I want to clarify that on the new Conditions Land M, that they replace the conditions that were in the original conditional approval? WATANABE: Yes. HOUSEL: Now, I understand that, that's correct. Now, Condition N is substantially different than the N in the original approval. Does that mean it replaces that, or is that in addition to? WATANABE: Oh, good catch. No, it says "re-alphabetize," I'm sorry, right below that. HOUSEL: Right. WATANABE: No, no, on the new revisions, it says "re-alphabetize." So I take that to mean that it's a new Condition N, and the current Condition N, which is a standard condition, will then be 0, and we would proceed that way with all of the rest-. HOUSEL: I see. Okay. W AT ANABE: So all of the rest remain. The only ones that are replaced are Land M, and you have a brand new Condition N. Is that correct? HAYASHI: That's correct. HOUSEL: Okay, okay. That's what I wanted to know. Thank you. WATANABE: Okay. Do we have any further questions for Mr. Fuke? Yes, Brandi. BEAUDET: This is just a question in general. The restriction on gated communities is primarily to encourage access to valued land areas, or is it more of a security and safety issue? WATANABE: I would, I wasn't a part of any of those CDP Steering Committees or anything like that, but I would venture to guess that the Planning Director summarized it quite well; it's more to retain access to shoreline as well as native gathering rights kind of things. So it's, in my mind it's more related to P ASH -. BEAUDET: Okay, so -. WATANABE: Public Access Shoreline Hawai'i -. HOUSEL: Mr. Chair? WATANABE: Yes. 7 HOUSEL: That is part of it. Also in the Kona CDP it's also applicable for connectivity between neighborhoods, so that neighborhoods don't become islands. WATANABE: Yeah, well, that's correct. As the Director stated, though, there is really no place to go to from there cause it's surrounded by an existing golf course, yeah, not to mention I think you also have the slide and some other cultural things that are right there. So I'm not sure ifit's currently applicable for us. However, if someone so desires, then now is the time to speak up. HOUSEL: Okay. WATANABE: Mr. Housel. HOUSEL: I think my interpretation ofthe Kona CDP is that it specifically says that all new roads, or gated new roads are prohibited. And so I would certainly like to continue that, follow with the Kona CDP. W AT ANABE: Any further comments? Anyone, any other ones have any strong feelings? Lani, any strong feelings on this? BOWMAN: All new roads, all new roads, I guess we need to clarify - all new roads leading somewhere besides into a division, subdivision. I mean I can understand ifit was, like you said, a new road that would eventually connect to a neighborhood. WATANABE: Yeah, I guess from my point of view, and I'd like to remind people that everything in the CDP is not a hard-and-fast law; like in my mind the General Plan really rules and the CDP helps to implement the General Plan. BOWMAN: Well, and the end of it says, okay, "gates will be prohibited across new roadways identified to serve the local transportation network." And I think that is the key - "to serve the local transportation network." WATANABE: Yeah -. BOWMAN: And I feel that this road would not serve the local transportation network, at least in my opinion, because it's not leading out ofthe subdivision. W AT ANABE: I kind of have a similar feeling mostly because Mr. Fuke testified that the intent is to, although create a road that's to County dedicable standards, retain the road and not dedicated to the County; so you are not really talking public access in that sense. And it's almost like saying, well, you have a private land but you can't put a gate there. I'm not certain that it can be -. HOUSEL: gate? Maybe I can clarify that. If you do put a gate on, where would you put the FUKE: If there are any gates, it may be over here or down over here. 8 HOUSEL: Okay. And you intend to keep that road private? FUKE: The private road would be extended from here all the way to wherever within the project area. HOUSEL: Right. FUKE: Yes. HOUSEL: So there is no intention to dedicate that to the County? FUKE: No. HOUSEL: Okay. FUKE: Relative to the connectivity issue, as Commissioner Bowman had indIcated, the connectivity issue is like from this point which services other areas -. HOUSEL: Right, right. FUKE: But as it relates to this particular area and connecting to other neighboring subdivisions or whatever, it becomes very difficult to achieve because of the golf course, the terrain and the archaeological features. HOUSEL: Right. I think you have a very good point that since there is no other way out, it obviously does not, you know, become a public thoroughfare. Thank you. FUKE: Thank you. WATANABE: So I take it that you are satisfied that we don't need a new condition? HOUSEL: Yes, I'm okay with that. W AT ANABE: Is everyone satisfied with that? Okay, then I think we've clarified everything, Mr. Fuke, so you may be seated and-. BOWMAN: I do have one quick question in reference -. WATANABE: Oh, okay, Ms. Bowman. BOWMAN: And I can't find it, and I know you brought it up that - maybe I didn't hear it - the Police Chief's concern about another road, like, in case of fire or-. FUKE: Yeah, it's, it's regrettably like, you know, because of terrain and archaeological constrains and surrounding uses, then it's really like looking at a 60-unit development no different than a condo project right over here, you know, which has much more 9 higher density. Part ofthe reason why we are limiting the density over here is precisely because of that issue. We did have a traffic study done and the traffic study essentially pointed out that in terms ofthe volume oftraffic they anticipate no more than 20, you know, exit and entry type of movements during the AM and PM peaks. So definitely it doesn't need to, the project requirements did not necessarily need to comply with the concurrency requirement. But nevertheless, the study was done. So the short answer to your question is that, you know, given the property over here it is very difficult to achieve what the Police Department is saying. BOWMAN: Thank you. HOUSEL: I have one more question. The land immediately mauka, excuse me, makai of the project, who owns that land? FUKE: These, actually two parcels were created. One is this -. Three parcels, that was a three-lot subdivision - this parcel, this parcel and the balance of this area. This large parcel plus this area are owned by Kamehameha Investment Corporation. HOUSEL: Okay. If they do develop in the future, is there any likelihood of connecting to your project? FUKE: It would be very unlikely. And I think that if you were to travel there like after this meeting, if you were at any point in time, if you were to see, this area becomes a very tough site to actually develop. W AT ANABE: To expand on that I believe that the topography practically prohibits that; the slope is pretty steep. And so if you really wanted a road and then you wanted eight-percent grade, it would be all paved and going sideways. HOUSEL: Okay. Thank you very much. FUKE: Thank you. W A TANABE: Okay. Any further questions? None? Okay. Thank you, Mr. Fuke. Mr. Emler, would you care to add? Please come up. And you don't need to identify yourself since you are with the County. EMLER: I didn't want to get away from this discussion and without, well, the gate discussion interested me because in this application I didn't put in a comment to space the gate away from a County dedicable road, which can be a problem for-. WATANABE: You're referring to the typical 60 feet setback? EMLER: Yeah, that type of thing to allow for any kind of storage or stocking without affecting the efficiency of a County dedicated road. We didn't do that because we thought the gate was being located at the turnaround there inside. But since Mr. Fuke pointed out that it could be closer to the 60-foot collector road, perhaps it's something we should put in. 10 WATANABE: Okay. I don't have the template wording. I know the typical is a 60-foot setback from the public highway, right? EMLER: Something like that. That would be good enough for us; any vehicular security gate shall be located a minimum of 60 feet from any County dedicable road. WATANABE: Okay, that sounds good. Mr. Fuke, is that something that is acceptable? FUKE: We have no objection to it. W AT ANABE: Okay. With that, then, let's see, where are we going to place this? Which, we are running out ofletters, yeah? And we certainly don't want it to be after S, I don't think. Actually that's T now because we renumbered. Shall we say -? LEITHEAD TODD: Maybe in E. WATANABE: You want to insert it in E? Okay, so shall we agree that we will insert the standard language for requiring a 60-foot setback, within Condition E, from any County dedicable -? County "dedicated" road, right? Well, if we say "dedicable" and they create to dedicable standards within the private property, then they'll never meet - so County "dedicated.;' EMLER: "County dedicated" is fine with me because the condition of accepting a road would then be if they made that gate too close to the road, they'd have to set it back, I would think. WATANABE: Yeah, yeah. EMLER: They would have to move it. WATANABE: have comments? Exactly. I think that would be good for you, yeah? Mr. Hayashi, do you HAYASHI: Yes. As far as placement of that particular condition, we can label it after Condition E; so that would be a new Condition F, then all the other Conditions will move back down. W A TANABE: Okay, cause, yeah, I know typically we have that as a separate, yeah, the standard language. HAYASHI: Yes. W A TANABE: Okay, that will be good. And then that would also affect the renumbering of the new N, etc. But I think we've got the gist of it, right? We're all good? Okay. Ifwe are settled then on the conditions, then -. Ms. Bowman? BOWMAN: Are we taking vote? 11 WATANABE: Excuse me, excuse me. For the record we have no one who signed up to testify for this. And in response to you, no, let's work with the SMA first because that's a recommendation to the County Council, I mean, not the SMA, excuse me, the rezoning first cause that's a recommendation to the County Council, and then we can address the SMA which we have authority over. BOWMAN: Okay. I move that we forward a favorable recommendation for the change of zone for Kona Country Club, application REZ 09-98, to the County Council. HOUSEL: I'll second that. WATANABE: Thank you. Any further discussion on this? Mr. Darrow? DARROW: Just for clarification, that includes all the amendments that-. WATANABE: Exactly. DARROW: Thank you. This would include, just so I can reiterate, a new Condition F, a replacement of Condition L, a replacement of Condition M and a new Condition N, which would all be re-alphabetized. WATANABE: That's correct. HAYASHI: Excuse me, Mr. Chair? WATANABE: Yes. HAYASHI: further -. Just for further clarification. The new Conditions L, M and N may be WATANABE: Further re-alphabetized, so that L will become M and, etc. HAYASHI: Correct, yes. WATANABE: And we'll retain the current N. DARROW: Correct. WATANABE: Yeah, okay, thank you. DARROW: Thank you. With that, I'll take the roll. Commiss.ioner Bowman? BOWMAN: Aye. DARROW: Commissioner Housel? HOUSEL: Aye. 12 DARROW: Commissioner Beaudet? BEAUDET: Aye. DARROW: Commissioner Iokepa? IOKEP A: Aye. DARROW: And Mr. Chairman? WATANABE: Aye. DARROW: The motion passes, five to zero. W A TANABE: Okay, great. So you'll be notified in writing, Mr. Fuke. And good luck with the County Council. DARROW: Mr. Chairman? WATANABE: Yes. DARROW: We could do the SMA. WATANABE: Oh, you are right. You can't go 'anywhere yet. Mr. Housel, would you care to make a motion on the SMA? HOUSEL: I'd like to make a motion to approve the Special Management Area Use Permit for the applicant, Kona Country Club, let's see, this would be SMA 09-34. WATANABE: Thank you. Any seconds? IOKEP A: Second. WATANABE: Thanks, Mr. 16kepa. Do we need any discussion on this? Doesn't seem like it. Mr. Darrow? DARROW: Thank you, Mr. Chairman. With that, I'll take the roll. Commissioner Housel? HOUSEL: Aye. DARROW: Commissioner Iokepa? IOKEPA: Aye. DARROW: Commissioner Beaudet? 13 BEAUDET: Aye. DARROW: Commissioner Bowman? BOWMAN: Aye. DARROW: And Mr. Chairman? WATANABE: Aye. DARROW: The motion passes, five to zero. WATANABE: Okay. And thank you for reminding me of the SMA. FUKE: Thank you very much. The discussion ended at 10:23 a.m. Respectfully submitted, Noriko Sauer, Secretary Leeward Planning Commission 14 BKCCSMAdocc-8/6/09 "'') COUNTY OF HAW AI'I PLANNING DEPARTMENT BACKGROUND REPORT KONA COUNTRY CLUB, INC. CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 09-98) . SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT (SMA 09-34) ') KONA COUNTRY CLUB, INC. has submitted the following: a. Change of Zone from an Agricultural5-acre (A-5a) to a Multiple-Family Residential 30,000 square feet (RM-30) district for 51.1 acres ofland, and; b. Speci'lI Management Area Use Permit to allow the development of 60 residential units, which may include a mix of multiple- family and single.,.family residential units, and related improvements. The area involved is located mauka of the Mamalahoa Highway Bypass, between the Highway and the Kona Country Club mauka golf course, KeauhouResort, Keauhou, North Kona, Hawai'i, TMK: 7-8-10: 101. PROPOSED ACTION 1. Request: Change of Zone from A-5a to RM-30 and a Special Management Area Use Permit to allow the development of 60 residenti~ units, which may include a mix of multiple-family and single-family residential units, and related improvements. Preliminary plans include attached homes clustered in groups of6to 14 dwellings and surrounded by landscaped common areas or open space. According to the applicant, the final concept may consist of a mix of multi-family residential and single-family residential lots depending on the market at the time of construction. The mix of units may vary, but the ultimate density will be the same. The project includes: . A maximum of 60 residential units . Recreation center, to possibly include a pavilion or lanai, swimming pool, and barbeque area . Private access road, entry way, and common internal driveway to individual units (Planning Department Exhibit 1 - Change of Zone application and Exhibit 2 - Special Management Area Use Permit application) -1- 2. Objective: The applicant states that the objective is "to develop marketable residential units on an available and suitable site in the resort community ofKeauhou. The site is 0 ideally suited for residential homes to benefit from the panoramic ocean views ofthe Kona coast and its proximity to resort amenities." 3. Project Schedule/Cost: Construction is proposed to commence in 2010 at an estimated cost of $65 million. The phased development is expected to be fully completed within 5 years. The timing for each phase will depend on the completion of the project's off-site and on-site infrastructure and existing market conditions. 4. Landowner: Kona Country Club, Inc. STATE AND COUNTY PLANS 5. State Land Use: Urban. 6. GP LUPAG: Urban Expansion. 7. County Zoning: A-Sa. 8. Kona Community Development Plan (CDP): The Kona CDP, adopted by the Hawai'i County Council by Ordinance No. 08 131 on September 25, 2008, identifies the area as "Kona Urban Area". 9. Special Management Area: The project site is situated within the SMA but does not () have shoreline frontage. The SMA is a part of the Coastal Zone Management Program regulated by the County. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT SITE AND SURROUNDING AREA 10. Project Site: The property is an approximately 51. I-acre undeveloped site at the southern end of Alii Drive and the beginning of the Mamalahoa Highway Bypass in Keauhou. The property was recently subdivided from TMK: 7-8-10: 30. 11. Surrounding Zoning and Land Uses: Surrounding parcels include the Kona Country Club mauka golf course to the north and east (zoned Open), open space zoned A-Sa west and south of the site, and a future access road to the south. 12. ALISH: Unclassified. 13. Land Study Bureau's Productivity Rating: Unclassified. 14. V.S.D.A. Soil Type: (rLW) Lava flows, pahoehoe; a miscellaneous land type; lava flows A' a, and Punaluu Extremely Rocky Peat, 6 to 20 percent slopes. -2- (~~ '~......;:i ~) 15. FIRM: Zone "X", areas outside of the SOO-year flood plain. 16. Archaeological/Historical Resources: An Archaeological Inventory Survey was conducted by Cultural Surveys Hawai'i in December, 1992 and revised in September 1994. During the survey, twenty sites were located within the project site. These sites included a temporary and permanent habitation, agricultural features, trails and burials. The State Department of Land and Natural Resources - Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-HPD) issued a letter dated November 7, 1994 accepting the report's findings and recommendations, which included the preservation of four possible significant sites: a burial site (Site No. 7610), a platform with a possible burial (Site No. 7671), a permanent habitation site (Site No. 7803), and a temporary habitation site (Site No. 7682). These sites will be preserved in the buffered landscaped areas of the proposed development. 17. Cultural Resources: Cultural Surveys Hawai'i is currently conducting a cultural impact assessment report of the project site. Several individuals, community organizations, and the Office of Hawaiian Affairs were contacted regarding information about the area. None of the interviewees identified accesses or trails through the project site that are or have been used for cultural practices. 18. Flora/Fauna Resources: No formal study was submitted. The majority of the site is bare of vegetation, and grading and construction will occur in selected areas of the property. The non-graded areas of the property will be retained as much as possible in their natural state and possibly supplemented with plants that already grow in the area. According to the applicant, no listed, threatened, or endangered plant or animal species were found, or would be expected to be found, within or near the project site. With sparse vegetation, the project site provides only a limited habitat for fauna. 19. Visual Impacts: The proposed development will not impact views of the Kona coastline for motorists traveling on Alii Drive and Mamalahoa Highway Bypass, as the property is located mauka of the roadways. The property is not noted as an area of natural beauty in the General Plan. 20. Public Access: The property is located more than 1,700 feet from the shoreline and mauka of other resort properties. Existing public accesses to and along the shoreline will not be impacted by the project. -3- 21. Traffic: Austin, Tsutsumi & Associates completed a traffic assessment for the project in February, 2009. New vehicle trips are anticipated to peak at 10 vehicles per hour during the AM commuter peak hour and 16 vehicles per hour during the PM commuter peak hour of traffic. The study concluded that the project would generate a low volume of traffic and would have minimal impact on existing local roads. Additionally, the study concluded that the project does not meet the minimum criteria of 50 peak hour trips specified in Section 25-2-46 Concurrency Requirements of the Hawai'i County Code regarding the preparation of a Traffic Impact Assessment Report. The project is estimated to generate fewer than 20 peak hour trips and a Traffic Impact Assessment Report is not required. PUBLIC UTILITIES AND SERVICES 22. Access: The primary access to the project site is from the Mamalahoa Highway Bypass. An existing permitted access connection is available on Mamalahoa Highway Bypass for the property and lands mauka of the Kona Country Club Golf Course. This access connection coincides with an existing unsignalized, channelized intersection and the location of a portion of the project site. The applicant proposes to improve the access from the highway intersection to the proposed residential portion of the project site. The Department of Public Works recommends the construction of a collector roadway from the Mamalahoa Highway Bypass to the project access to County dedicable standards. The DPW further states that "the profile of the road shall anticipate the widening of the bypass to the 120-foot wide, 4-lane configuration....." 23. Water: County water is available to the project site via an existing 12-inch waterline in Alii Drive located makai of the property. 24. W astewater: Wastewater will be collected in sewer lines located in Alii Drive. The sewer lines are part of the Keauhou Resort's sewer system owned and maintained by the Keauhou Community Services Inc. The applicant will construct a sewerline along its golf course boundary from the proposed development to the existing sewer line in Alii Drive. 25. Solid Waste: Solid waste generated by the residential units will be disposed of in the West Hawai'i landfill. -4- o () (C-' --0.&_.' 26. Utilities and Services: All essential utility and services are available to the project site. Police and fire services are available from the Kailua-Kona station, approximately eight miles from the project site. Medical services area available at the Kona Hospital in Kealakekua. AGENCIES' AND ORGANIZATIONS' COMMENTS 27. Department of Public Works: P.D. Exhibit 3 - July 17,2009 memo 28. Police Department: P.D. Exhibit 4 - July 1, 2009 memo 29. Fire Department: P.D. Exhibit 5 - July 8, 2009 memo 30. Department of Environmental Management: P.D. Exhibit 6 - July 6, 2009 memo 31. Department of Water Supply: P.D. Exhibit 7 - July 29, 2009 memo 32. Office of Housing and Community Development: P.D. Exhibit 8 - July 8, 2009 memo ) 33. DLNR Land Division: P.D. Exhibit 9 - July 20, 2009 letter 34. Department of Health: P.D. Exhibit 10 - July 13, 2009 memo 35. Department of Education: P.D. Exhibit 11- July 16,2009 letter 36. Department of Transportation: P.D. Exhibit 12 - July 23, 2009 letter AGENCIES - NO RESPONSE 37. Civil Defense Agency, DLNR Historic Preservation Division, Land Use Commission, Depart~ent of Agriculture, Kona Traffic and Safety Committee, Na Ana Hele Program PUBLIC COMMENTS 38. None as of this writing. -5- PL;,~t;~Y;q"rr\f Of \{J, CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION .,. 1[~9 Jtn~ \) Pi'1 ): fJ 7 COUNTYOFHAWAll P~GDEPARTMENT (Type or legibly print the requested information) Kona Country Club, Inc. APPLICANT: APPLICANTS SIGNATURE: ._~/// ,/1 Z -.--. DATE: June 10, 2009 //c. ADDRESS: 78-7000 Alii Drive Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 LIST APPLICANT'S INTEREST IF NOT OWNER: LIST PRINCIP AL(S) INCLUDING NAMES OF MAIN OFFICERS: PHONE:(Bus.) (Res.) (Fax) LANDOWNER(S): Kona Country Club, rnc. LANDOWNER SIGNATURE(S): .-=.;z. // //. /' c< / ./ .;./ (May be by letter) LANDOWNER(S) ADDRESS: 78-7000 Alii Dr1.ve ""--- DATE: June 10,2009 ) Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 REQUEST: A-5a (Aqricultural) (Existing zoning) TAX MAP KEY: (3) 7-8-10: 101 TO RM-30 (Multi-Family Residential) (Proposed Zoning) STREET ADDRESS OF PROPERTY: 78-7000 Alii Drive Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 SIZE OF PROPERTY OR AFFECTED AREA(S) TO BE REZONED: AGENT: Glen Koyama, Project Manager ADDRESS: Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd. 2153 North King Street, Suite 200 Honolulu, Hawaii 96819 51.1 Acres TELEPHONE: (Bus.) (808) 521-5361 (Res.) lfax) (808)538-7819 Please indicate to whom original correspondence anq copies should be sent. ORIGINAL: Glen Koyama, Project Manager COPIES: Sidney Fuke, Planning Consultant Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd. 100 Pauahi Street, #212 2153 North King Street, Suite 200 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Honolulu, Hawaii 96819 Planning Dept. Exhibit \ BACKGROUND AND COUNTY ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT Change of Zone Application TMK: (3) 7-8-10: 101 '\ ) Prepared for: Kona Country Club Prepared by: June 2009 CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB TABLE OF CONTENTS ~) ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................... .... ......................................... iv SUBJECT REQUEST..................................................................................................................... 1 1 Details of the Proposed Use/Development ................................................................... 1 1.1 Project Description................................................................... ......................... 1 1.2 Statement of Objectives and Reasons for the Request...................................... 1 1.3 Number of Acres............................................................................................... 1 1.4 Proposed Units........ ............................................................................ .............. 2 1.5 Timeframe and Cost.......... ................................................................................ 2 1.6 Number of Employees............. ...................... ......................:............................ 2 1.7 Parking Arrangement .............................................................. .......................... 2 1.8 Traffic Impacts......... ........................... ... .................. ................... ...... ........ ........ 2 1.9 Proposed On-site and Off-site Infrastructure.................................................... 4 2 Conformance with State/County Plans......................................................................... 4 2.1 State Land Use ............... ............................... ..................................................... 4 2.2 Consistency with Chapter 205A, Coastal Zone Management ..........................5 2.3 County General Plan Goals/Policies and Objectives........................................ 5 2.4 General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map ...................6 2.5 County Zoning................................................................................. ................. 7 2.6 Community Development Plan.......................... ............................................... 7 2.7 Special Management Area................................ ............................................ .... 8 3 Physical Characteristics and Environmental Setting .................................................... 8 3.1 Project Site Description.... ..................... ............ ...... ................... ...................... 8 3.2 Lava Hazard Zone......................................................................................... .... 9 3.3 Distance from Coastline.................................................................................... 9 3.4 Agricultural Lands ofImportance to the State of Hawaii (ALISH) ................. 9 3.5 Natural Resources Conservation Services - Soil Type ..................................... 9 3.6 Land Study Bureau - Soil Productivity............................:.............................. 10 3.7 Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM)... ........................................ ..... ...... ........... 10 3.8 Existing Drainage Ways or Improvements ..................................................... 10 3.9 AirlN oiselW ater Quality .. .............. .............. ........................................ ........... 10 3.10 Archaeological, Historic and Cultural Sites.................................................... 12 3.11 Floral/Faunal Resources.................. ................................................................ 13 3.12 Scenic or Coastal Resources........ ...... ...................... ................. ..... ........ ......... 14 3.13 Traditional and Customary Native Hawaiian Rights ......................................14 JUNE 2009 CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB 4 3.14 Existing Public Access To and Along the Shoreline or Mountain Areas and Knowledge of Public Access Being Used ......................................................15 3.15 Social Settlement Pattern ............................................. ......... .......................... 16 3.16 Economic Resources.................................................................. .............. ....... 16 3.17 Land Values........................................ ............................................................ 16 3.18 Surrounding Land Use ........................ ............................................................ 16 3.19 Surrounding Zoning............................. ........................................................... 17 Public Facilities and Services .....................................................................................17 4.1 Access........................................................ ..................................................... 17 4.2 Water...... ............... .......................... ....................... ......... ................................ 17 4.3 Sewage Disposal............................................................................................. 17 4.4 Solid Waste ..................................................................................................... 18 4.5 Electricity, Telephone, and Cable Service (CATV) ............................:.......... 18 4.6 Police and Fire Protection ....................... ............ ............. ............... ........... ..... 18 4.7 Schools..................................................................... 00 0.................................... 18 4.8 Parks. 0.00.0.....00..........0........................................0. 0.0.... ...... 0...0..0...........0............ 18 Environmental Assessment and Analysis................................................................... 19 5.1 Relationship Between Local Short-Term Uses of Environment and Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-Term Productivity.......................... 19 5.2 Proposed Mitigative Measures........................................................................ 19 5.3 Alternatives to the Proposed Development..................................................... 20 5.4 Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Natural Resources ................ 20 5 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1: NATIONAL OR HAW All REGISTER HISTORIC SITES IN PROJECT VICINITY 0 0" 0.................................. 0.... 0.0.. 0.00..... 0.....................................0 13 ii JUNE 2009 o () (<~~ --_.,) CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB APPENDIX A Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 APPENDIX B APPENDIX C APPENDICES Island of Hawaii Site Location Proposed Development Concept Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide Existing Hawaii County Zoning Agricultural Lands oflmportance to the State of Hawaii (ALISH) Soil Types Land Study Bureau Soil Productivity Recommended Archaeological Sites for Preservation Metes and Bounds Map & Description Traffic Assessment, Austin, Tsutsumi & Associates .,) APPENDIX D SHPD Acceptance Letter and Archaeological Inventory Survey, Cultural Surveys Hawaii APPENDIX E Cultural Impact Assessment, Cultural Surveys Hawaii APPENDIX F Departmental Zoning Questionaire APPENDIX G Notification List of Owners /Lessees and Addresses by Tax Map Key iii JUNE 2009 CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS o ALISH AQI BMP CATV CIA CSH CZM DWS EPA FIRM HRS HWRF HVO KCDP LUPAG MGD MSL SHPD SMA TMK USDA USGS Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawaii Air Quality Index Best Management Practices Cable Television Cultural Impact Assessment Cultural Surveys Hawaii Coastal Zone Management Department of Water Supply Environmental Protection Agency Flood Insurance Rate Map Hawaii Revised Statutes Heeia Wastewater Reclamation Facility Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Kona Community Development Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide million gallons per day Mean Sea Level State Historic Preservation Division Special Management Area Tax Map Key United States Department of Agriculture United State Geological Service () //C':.,-.~-.., \,-_/ iv JUNE 2009 CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB SUBJECT REQUEST 1 Details of the Proposed Use/Development 1.1 Project Description ~) Kona Country Club, Inc., the Applicant and landowner, is requesting a Chan2:e of Zone from A-Sa Agricultural to RM-30 Residential Multi-Family for a 51. I-acre undeveloped site in the resort community of Keauhou, North Kona, Hawaii (see Figures 1 and 2 in Appendix A). The Tax Map Key (TMK) of the project site is (3) 7-8-10: 101, and a metes and bounds map and description of the proposed change of zone area is provided in Appendix B. The Applicant is proposing to develop 60 residential homes, possibly as attached duplex units (see Figure 3). The final concept may consist of a mix of multi-family residential units and single family residential lots depending on the market at the time of construction. The mix of units may vary, but the ultimate density will be the same. A maximum cap of 60 residential units is proposed for this project. In addition to the residential units, there would be a recreation center for the residents of the project. It would consist possibly of a pavilion or lanai, swimming pool, and barbeque area. Infrastructure for the project will include a private access road, entry gate, and common internal driveway to the individual units, as well as water, sewer, electricity, telephone, and cable television. A homeowners association would be established to maintain the common areas of the property. 1.2 Statement of Objectives and Reasons for the Request The objective of the Applicant is to develop marketable residential units on an available and suitable site in the resort community of Keauhou. The site would be ideally suited for residential homes to benefit from the panoramic ocean views of the Kona coast and its proximity to resort amenities, such as the Kona Country Club golf course, a facility owned by the Applicant. The proposed project would offer residences to local families as well as families who wish to move to Hawaii island and reside in the Keauhou area. 1.3 Number of Acres The project site consists of 51.1 acres which includes the proposed residential area and access right-of-way from Mamalahoa Highway Bypass. JUNE 2009 CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB 1.4 Proposed Units o The Applicant is proposing a maximum of 60 residential units on the property. Preliminary plans call for attached homes clustered in groups of 6 to 14 dwellings and surrounded by landscaped common areas or renaturalized open space (see Figure 3). The overall density of the project would be approximately 1.2 units per acre. The residential units are envisioned to be resort-oriented and have an open-air orientation with the outdoors. The individual units would have an average gross floor area of over 2,000 sq. ft. 1.5 Timeframe and Cost Construction is expected to begin in 2010 after all government approvals and construction permits are granted. The phased development is expected to be fully completed within 5 years after the initial construction begins. The timing for each phase would depend on the completion of the project's off-site and on-site infrastructure and current market conditions. The estimated (order-of-magnitude) construction cost for the residential units, landscaped grounds, and off-site/on-site infrastructure is $65 million (2009 dollars). 1.6 Number of Employees (J J The proposed project is estimated to have approximately 3 to 7 employees operating as groundskeepers and maintenance personnel. "' 1 j 1.7 Parking Arrangement -, ! Each residential unit will have two parking stalls as required by the County zoning ordinance with guest parking located outside of the units along the project's private driveways. J ! \ 1.8 Traffic Impacts Austin, Tsutsumi & Associates completed a Traffic Assessment for the proposed project in February 20091 (see Appendix C). It estimated traffic volumes that would be generated J This project does not meet the minimum criteria of 50 peak hour trips specified in Section 25-2-46 Concurrency Requirements of the Hawaii County Code regarding the preparation of a Traffic Impact Assessment Report. The Project is anticipated to generate fewer than 20 peak hour trips and, therefore, a Traffic Impact Assessment C........ report is not required. _ 2 JUNE 2009 CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB by the project for various time periods using trip rates from the 8th Edition of Trip G . 2 eneratwn. 0) Trip estimates assumed that all of the traffic generated by the project would use the Alii Drive and Kuakini Highway, which are two-way, two-lane roads. Both Alii Drive and Kuakini Highway are oriented generally in the north-south direction. Alii Drive, a County road, parallels the coastline providing a connection between Keauhou and Kailua-Kona. Kuakini Highway, a State right-of-way, provides an inland route that links Kealakekua to Kailua-Kona. I ExistinJ! Traffic Conditions and Planned Improvements: Due to the present undeveloped condition of the project site, there is no traffic generated from the property. Mamalahoa Highway Bypass has a permitted access connection just below the project site. The Applicant plans to develop an improved access road from Mamalahoa Highway Bypass to the residential site as part of its proposed development (see Figure 3). Mamalahoa Highway Bypass was recently opened for limited use by the County.3 As a recent County-approved parcel (TMK Parcel 101), the project site includes the alignment for this access road within its 5 1. I-acre parcel boundary. This access road also includes a short sp:ur that is designed to provide future access to the uplands of Keauhou where future development may occur. The access road to the Applicant's residential site will be designed to County dedicable standards but will be retained in private ownership. At some point in the future, however, transfer of the road to the County may be an option. Within the residential section of the property, the access road will be designed as a driveway leading up to the individual residential units. At the beginning of the driveway, an entry gate may be installed marking the "front door" to the residential section. Guest parking will be provided in designated areas along the driveway route. Anticipated Increase in Traffic/Traffic Impacts from Proposed Use: The proposed project will increase the use ofMamalahoa Highway Bypass for access to the Keauhou and Kona areas. With Mamalahoa Highway Bypass presently being available for limited public use, the Applicant will be required to time its project opening to the opening of the highway's full-time use. The Applicant may request the County to open the northern terminus of the highway earlier for full use to provide access to its project if development on its site is completed ahead of schedule. New vehicle trips related to the project is anticipated to peak at 6 vehicles entering and 4 vehicles exiting the property during the morning peak hour traffic. During the afternoon peak hour traffic, the proposed project is expected to generate a total of 16 vehicle trips with 6 vehicles exiting and 10 vehicles entering the property. Based on these numbers, the proposed project is expected to have minimal effect on traffic on the area roadways. 2 3 Prepared by the Institute of Transportation Engineers. The County opened the northern section of Mamalahoa Highway Bypass from Alii Drive to Kona Scenic Subdivision on March 10,2009 for use by southbound traffic only between the hours of3:30 p.rn. and 6:30 p.m. 3 JUNE 2009 CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB 1.9 Proposed On-site and Off-site Infrastructure o Existing Infrastructure Water lines, sewer, electrical power, and telephone lines are currently available in Alii Drive to serve the proposed project. The water system in Alii Drive is owned and operated by the County Department of Water Supply (DWS). Sewer lines in the highway are part of Keauhou Resort's sewer system owned and maintained by the Keauhou Community Services Inc. This private system includes a wastewater treatment facility at Heeia approximately one mile from the project site. Electricity is provided by Hawaii Electric Light Co. Inc., and telephone service is offered by Hawaiian Te1com. Proposed Infrastructure To service the project site, water, sewer, electrical, and telephone will require connection with existing utility lines in Alii Drive. The preferred alignment for the utility connections is within the Kona Country Club golf course property, which is owned by the Applicant. The Applicant currently has 10 water units from the County for use on the property. An additional 50 units will be requested through this Change of Zone Application which is simultaneously being reviewed with the project's Special Management Area (SMA) Use Permit Application. Keauhou Community Services' wastewater treatment facility is known as Heeia ( ) Wastewater Reclamation Facility (HWRF). The Applicant is planning to apply to the ',.. . utility company for collection and treatment of its wastewater discharge. The treated wastewater in the HWRF is ultimately reused as irrigation water for the resort's golf courses. The HWRF currently has a capacity of 1.8 million gallons per day (MGD) and has plans to expand to 3.6 MGD. The recent demolition of the Kona Lagoon Hotel at the north end of the Keauhou Resort has freed up additional capacity in the wastewater treatment facility. 2 Conformance with State/County Plans 2.1 State land Use The project site is located in the Urban District as designated by the State Land Use Commission's Land Use District Boundary Maps. ("'~1 _/ 4 JUNE 2009 CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB 2.2 Consistency with Chapter 205A, Coastal Zone Management The proposed project is located more than 1,700 feet from the shoreline and entirely within the "Coastal Zone Management Area4" as defined in Chapter 205A, Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS). The proposed project will not interfere with or negatively affect the objectives and policies of Hawaii CZM Program. While the project is located entirely within the SMA, it will not directly impact the coastline and ocean resources. It will not interfere or restrict public access to public beaches, coastal recreation areas or wildlife preserves. It will not involve dredging, filling, or altering of any bay, estuary, salt marsh, river mouth, slough, or lagoon. The nearest State highway is a distant location above the project site and the development of the residential units will not obstruct any views from the public right-of-way to the shoreline. An application for a SMA Use Permit has been prepared and submitted to the County Planning Department for simultaneous review with this Change of Zone Application. 2.3 County General Plan Goals/Policies and Objectives ~\ .j) The Hawaii County General Plan (February 2005) enumerates the goals, polices and courses of action for each study element pertaining to the island. The following is a discussion of the relevant goals and polices of the General Plan that have a direct relationship with the proposed project. Land Use: Goal (s) (a) Designate and allocate land uses in appropriate proportions and mix and in keeping with social, cultural, and physical environments of the County. Policy (f) Encourage the development and maintenance of communities meeting the needs of its residents in balance with the physical and social environment. Discussion: The General Plan identifies Keauhou as a resort node for North Kona and as a place that contains amenities that attract visitors to the region. Keauhou Resort has developed into a viable community consisting of resort hotels, multi-family residential units, single-family homes, retail shopping facilities, recreational facilities, and open space and historic preserves. These uses have been planned in balance with each other, in meeting market demand, and in integration with the site's terrain and environmental 4 Chapter 205A, "Coastal Zone Management Area" states, in part, "All lands ofthe State and the area extending seaward from the shoreline to the limit of the State's police power and management authority, including the United States territorial sea." 5 JUNE 2009 CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB setting. The lands' cultural resources have been a major consideration in the planning and development of the area. o Historic Sites: Policies (n) Consider requiring Cultural Assessments for certain developments as part of the rezoning process. Discussion: A cultural impact assessment is being conducted by Cultural Surveys Hawaii (CSH) for this project. A preliminary report (see Appendix C) is included with this Change of Zone Application and will be followed by a final report for review during the change of zone review process. Economic: Goals (a) Provide residents with opportunities to improve their quality of life through economic development that enhances the County's natural and social environments. (J (f) Strive for diversification of the economy by strengthening existing industries and attracting new endeavors. Discussion: The proposed project will provide residents and guests with opportunities to improve the quality of their lives through economic development. Mobilization of construction jobs are anticipated during the project's construction phase resulting in the generation of personal income and expenditure. These in turn stimulate further income and spending as part of the multiplier effect in the economy. Further, the. project site is surrounded by a variety of recreational and social amenities that benefit from a healthy economy and would enhance the overall quality of life for its residents. 2.4 General Plan land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (lUPAG) Map The Hawaii County General Plan is the policy document for the long range comprehension development of the island of Hawaii. Providing direction for balanced growth, the General Plan enumerates the goals, policies, and standards concerning (~: 6 JUNE 2009 ~-~) CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB thirteen functional areas5 of the County as well as provides a land use plan referred to as the LUPAG map. Theproject site is located in the Urban Expansion designation of the LUPAG (see Figure 4). The intent of the Urban Expansion area is to allow for a mix of high density, medium density, and low density urban uses; industrial; industrial-commercial; and/or open designations "in areas where new settlements may be desirable, but where the specific settlement pattern and mix of uses have not yet been determined" (~ 14.1.1: Introduction and Analysis, p. 14-7,2005). The "Housing" component of the General Plan, Policies section 9.3(x), states that "vacant lands in urban areas and urban expansion areas should be made available for residential uses before additional agricultural lands are converted into residential uses." Based on the County's General Plan LUP AG and earlier land uses permitted by the County in the surrounding areas, this project is consistent with the County's policies and development patterns in the Keauhou vicinity. 2.5 County Zoning The project site is presently zoned A-Sa Agricultural (minimum 5-acre lots) (see Figure 5). The proposed residential development will require a change of zone approval from the County of Hawaii from Agricultural to Residential. The Applicant's request for RM Residential Multi-Family is intended to give Kona Country Club the opportunity to develop multi-family residential units, but also single-family lots should the market demand for a particular housing product change at a later date. The proposed density of RM-30 demonstrates the Applicant's intent to develop a low-density residential project which has the flexibility to include different residential unit types and the readiness to adaptable to the unique features and qualities of the current project site. 2.6 Community Development Plan The Kona Community Development Plan (KCDP) encompasses the judicial districts of North and South Kona. The project site falls within the planning area of the KCDP and conforms to its eight guiding principles for community development, including: (1) protect Kona's natural resources and culture; (2) provide connectivity and transportation choices; (3) provide housing choices; (4) provide recreation opportunities; (5) direct future growth patterns toward compact villages, preserving Kona's rural, diverse, and historical character; (6) provide infrastructure and essential facilities concurrent with growth; (7) encourage a diverse and vibrant economy emphasizing agriculture and sustainable economies; (8) and, promote effective governance. The thirteen functional areas include: Economic, Energy, Environmental Quality, Flooding and Other Natural Hazards, Historic Sites, Natural Beauty, Natural Resources and Shoreline, Housing, Public Facilities, Public Utilities, Recreation, Transportation, and Land Use. 7 JUNE 2009 CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB The proposed project is consistent with the County land use policies for the area. It is situated within the Kona Urban Area designation of the Official Kona Land Use Map. The project's conceptual development plan calls for low-density residential homes that are sensitive to the site's existing natural conditions and areawide social and cultural environment. The project will not generate impacts that will place a substantial burden on existing public services and facilities. Importantly, the proposed project will offer additional opportunities or housing choices in the local market. 2.7 Special Management Area The project site is located within the SMA of the County of Hawaii. A SMA Use Permit Application has been filed concurrently with this Change of Zone Application. 3 Physical Characteristics and Environmental Setting 3.1 Project Site Description Location: The project site is located at the end of Alii Drive and the beginning of Mamalahoa Highway Bypass in the resort community of Keauhou in the North Kona District of the island of Hawaii. The property has been recently subdivided from TMK (3) 7-8-10: 30 and given TMK (3) 7-8-10: 101. It consists of51.1 acres of undeveloped land surrounded by open space, Alii Drive, and Mamalahoa Highway Bypass on the west, Kona Country Club golf course on the north and east, and a future access road on the south (see Figure 2 and Figure 3). Climate: The average maximum daily temperature is approximately 82 to 84 degrees F., with an average minimum daily temperature of 64 to 66 degrees F . Average annual rainfall is approximately 20 to 30 inches. Topogravhv: Elevations on the property range from 135' mean sea level (msl) at its western boundary and 420' msl at its eastern boundary. Slove: The topography of the site is relatively steep with pockets. of level areas that are developable for residential use. The steep areas have slopes of 20 to 30 percent while the flatter areas have slopes of 5 to 15 percent. Soils: See Section 3.5 for description. 8 JUNE 2009 () (') (= CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB Vegetation: The central and northern sections of the property are generally bare of vegetation with only small tufts of grass and a few isolated noni (Morinda citrifolia). The southern section is a grassland with scattered species of Christmas berry (Schinus terebintherfolius), lantana (Lantana camara), noni (Morinda citrifolia), ilima (Sida fallax), koa haole (Leucaena leucocephala), and monkey pod (Samanea saman). None of these species are rare, threatened or endangered. 3.2 Lava Hazard Zone The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) assessed the relative risk from volcanic hazards across the island of Hawaii. Its classifications include nine (9) degrees of risk labeled "Zone I" through "Zone 9," with "Zone 1" representing the greatest hazard and "Zone 9" representing the least. The project site is located within Zone 4, which consists of the lands around Hualalai and the urban areas of Kailua-Kona, Keahole, Holualoa, and Keauhou. Although the project site is potentially susceptible to volcanic activity, it is located in a moderate risk area (Zone 4). It is also at the lowest elevations of Hualalai and Mauna Loa which, as a result, provide a form of buffer in distance and time that lava flow would reach the area. ) _/ 3.3 Distance from Coastline The project site is located more than 1,700 feet from the shoreline. 3.4 Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawaii (ALlSH) The entire project site is designated as "Unclassified" according to the State's ALISH map (see Figure 6). It is not situated on lands designated Prime Agricultural Land, Unique Agricultural Land, or Other Important Agricultural Land. 3.5 Natural Resources Conservation Services - Soil Type Based upon review of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Conservation Service's Soil Survey for the Island of Hawaii, dated December 1973, the project site contains soils described as Lava Flows Pahoehoe (rLW), Lava Flows, A'a (rL V), and Punalu'u Extreme Rocky Peat, 6 to 20 percent slopes (rPYD) (see Figure 7). Lava Flows, Pahoehoe: This lava has a billowy, glassy surface that is relatively smooth. Sometimes the surface is rough and broken, however, and there are hummocks and pressure domes. Pahoehoe has no soil covering and is typically bare of vegetation except for mosses and lichens. 9 JUNE 2009 CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONACOUNTRY CLUB Lava Flows, A'a: This lava has minimal to no soil covering and is bare of vegetation (except for mosses, lichens, ferns, and a few small ohia trees). It is typically located at an elevation ranging from near sea level to 13,000 feet and receives 10 to 250 inches of rainfall annually. Punalu'u Extreme Rocky Peat, 6 to 20 Percent Slopes: This soil consists of well-drained, thin organic soils over pahoehoe lava bedrock. It is gently slopping to moderately steep. It is located upland, ranging from near sea level to 1,000 feet where 60 to 90 inches of rain occurs annually. The mean annual soil temperature is between 72 degrees F and 74 degrees F. 3.6 land Study Bureau - Soil Productivity Located in an urban area of Keauhou, the project site has not been classified by the Land Study Bureau (see Figure 8). 3.7 Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) The project site lies in Flood Zone X on the FIRM. Zone X are areas of minimal potential flooding or areas determined to be outside of the 500-year flood plain. Flood insurance is not required by regulation for this zone. 3.8 Existing Drainage Ways or Improvements There are no natural drainage channels or man-made drainage systems on the property. Surface runoff presently occurs as sheetflow across the area. The proposed project will include installed drainage swales and drainage basins or. inlets to accommodate stormwater runoff from the residential improvements. Existing runoff would be allowed to continue to flow off the project site and into the resort's overall drainage system. Presently, there are no residences located immediately below the property. 3.9 Air/NoiselWater Quality Air: The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Air Quality Index (AQI)6 measures ambient air quality on a rating scale, from 0 (being the best) to 500 (hazardous). Measurements taken in Kona near the project site measured 59 or "moderate" on the AQI. The current air quality levels in the general Kona area are within the acceptable State of Hawaii air quality standards. 6 The AQI is an index for reporting daily air quality. It informs community members of how clean, or polluted, the outdoor air is, and what associated health effects might occur. The EP A calculates the AQI for five major air pollutants regulated by the Clean Air Act: ground-level ozone, particle pollution (also known as particulate matter), carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. 10 JUNE 2009 c) () ("'~ ~ CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB --:) Once the owners occupy their new residences, the proposed project is expected to result in routine vehicle trips to and from the property. As resort residences, the number of trips that would be generated by the occupants would be small and the emissions from their vehicles would be correspondingly minor. Air quality is expected to be affected during the project's construction phase. Activities such as grading, that involve excavation and filling, generate fugitive dust. Construction vehicles that transport equipment and supplies to and from the site will generate emissions. These impacts are expected to be short-term, however, and occur only during the project's construction period. Fugitive dust from earthwork activities will be mitigated by adhering to Hawaii County requirements and Best Management Practices (BMPs) for grading, dust control, and stockpiling. These controls would include such measures as erecting dust control screens, watering exposed soil areas or stockpiles, and immediate grassing of bare grounds. Noise: Existing noise sources include traffic on Mamalahoa Highway Bypass and Alii Drive. The noise level is low reflecting the low volume of traffic on these rights-of-way. Other noise sources include the golf course activities (the play of golfers and routine turf maintenance and repair operations) on the adjacent property. The number oftrips that would be generated by the project occupants would be small and noise emissions from vehicles would be correspondingly minor. During construction, noise would be generated by heavy earthmoving equipment and construction vehicles. Diesel-powered generators may be used to power electrical equipment, and together with power hand tools, they could contribute to the construction noise generated from the site. Construction activities will be scheduled for daylight hours. Late evening and night operations are not anticipated, but should such activities do occur an appropriate noise variance approval from the State Department of Health will be obtained. A variance would also be required if anticipated construction noise levels are to exceed noise level standards for the area. No homes presently occupy lands adjacent to the project site. The Kona Country Club golf course and an existing open space surround the property. These uses provide a large buffer to the residential areas located further beyond the proposed site. Water Ouality: The project site is located more than 1,700 feet from the shoreline in an area where there are no streams or inland water features. The proposed project is not expected to adversely affect any surface water features in the vicinity. Normal surface runoff generated by the proposed project would be captured and discharged in on-site drywells or drainage basins. 11 JUNE 2009 CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB Additionally, a SMA Use Permit Application is being filed concurrently with this Change of Zone Application to the County Planning Department. Potential short and long-term impacts from the proposed development on water quality in the area were evaluated. The proposed proj ect does not abut the shoreline and is not expected to impact coastal areas and ocean waters. .o.,.~ '--,'. 3.10 Archaeological, Historic and Cultural Sites Archaeological Sites: An archaeological inventory survey of the project site was conducted by CSH in December 1992 and revised in September 1994 (see Appendix D). The survey reported that the traditional settlement pattern for Keauhou 2nd, an ahupua 'a encompassing the shoreline up to the saddle region between Hualalai and Mauna Loa, included a densely populated coastal region, an intermediate or transitional zone, upland agricultural and habitation zone, forest zone, and saddle region. The project site is located in the low density intermediate zone. During the archaeological survey, twenty sites were located within the property. Interpretation of the sites included temporary and permanent habitations, agricultural features, trails, and burials. Development of the project site could impact the archaeological features. The State ' . Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) of the Department of Land and Natural Resources () reviewed CSH's report and issued a letter, dated November 7, 1994, approving the findings and accepting the report's recommendations (see Appendix D). CSH recommended preservation of four possible significant sites including: a tube with a burial (Site No. 7610), a platform with a possible burial (Site No. 7671), a permanent habitation site (Site No. 7803), and a temporary habitation site (Site No. 7682). These sites have been taken into account in the project planning and are preserved in the buffered landscaped areas of the proposed development (see Figure 9). Sites on National or Hawaii State Register of Historic Places in Pro;ect Vicinity: There are several sites in the general vicinity of the project site that are currently on the National or State Register of Historic Places. Table 1 (below) lists the sites with their location and site number. These sites are all located outside of the project site, except the Kona Field System which comprises a network of small agricultural fields that extends from Kailua-Kona in North Kona to Kealakekua in South Kona. (~." ,----/ 12 JUNE 2009 CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB Table 1: National or Hawaii Register Historic Sites in Project Vicinity 10-37 -1669 Keauhou Holua Slide 7-8-10: 30 12/29/1962 north of project site 10-37-1745 Site of Battle of Kuamo'o 7-8-10: 66 8/13/74 west of project site 10-37-4150 Kahaluu Historic District 7-8-10: 2, 4, 12/27/74 north of project &35 site 10-37-6601 Kona Field System (District Various 1/28/77 E Kailua-Kona to w/multiple sites) Kealakekua 10-37-4383 Kamehameha III Birthplace 7-8-12: 17 1/13/78 7/24/78 north of project site 10-37-6302 Great Wall of Kuakini Various 11/23/77 E north of project or 10-37- site 7276 ....') -'-...-"/ Cultural Resources: CSH is conducting a cultural impact assessment (CIA) of the project site. Preliminary results ofthe CIA are discussed in Section 3.13 ofthis document. 3.11 Floral/Faunal Resources Flora: The central and northern sections of the property are generally bare of vegetation with only small tufts of grass and few isolated noni (Morinda citrifolia). The southern section is a grassland with scattered species of Christmas berry (Schinus terebintherfolius), lantana (Lantana camara), noni (Morinda citrifolia), ilima (Sida fallax), koa haole (Leucaena leucocephala), and monkey pod (Samanea saman). None of these species are rare, threatened or endangered. Development of the property will have a minor impact on existing vegetation. The majority of the site is bare of vegetation and grading and construction would occur in selected areas of the property. No rare, threatened, or endangered species will be affected. The proposed project will, in fact, increase vegetation cover on the property. New robust plants, including native as well as common introduced species, will be incorporated throughout the grounds of the residential development. The ungraded areas' of the property would be retained as much as possible in their natural state and possibly supplemented with renaturalization plants such as those that already occur in the vicinity. 13 JUNE 2009 CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB Fauna: o With the sparse presence of vegetation on the property, only limited habitats for fauna occur. The harsh dry condition of the site is more evident with its location adjacent to the Kona Country Club golf course which is covered with irrigated lush green turf and scattered shade trees. Any fauna in the project vicinity would naturally gravitate to these landscaped grounds. The .area's predominant fauna include avifauna species, such as common myna, house sparrow, house finch, zebra dove, Japanese white-eye, and yellow-billed cardinal. These highly mobile species occur over a wide range on the island and are not rare, threatened, or endangered. The Hawaiian Hoary Bat, which is classified as endangered by both the Federal and State governments, has been observed in the Kona region, but its presence on the project site has not been documented. Construction of the project would result in disturbance to portions of the property at different times. Since the avifauna species that occur in the area are highly mobile, there would be little problem for the affected species to forage and roost in other areas of the property or in the more lust habitats ofthe adjacent golf course. Once development of the residential project is completed, landscaped areas on the property could draw the avifauna back to the site, perhaps in greater numbers and in a wider variety. 3.12 Scenic or Coastal Resources (_J Scenic resources in the project area include the Kona coast and Pacific Ocean and the mountains of Hualalai and Mauna Loa. The sloping topography of the project site lends itself well to capturing the opportunity to view these visual amenities. The proposed proj ect will alter the visual appearance of the existing open field between Mamalahoa Highway Bypass and the Kona Country Club golf course. What was once a barren undeveloped site will become a low-density residential development with enclaves of dwelling units within landscaped grounds and renaturalized open space. The spread- out formation of the residential units will be lower in density than the typical resort residential projects that are located elsewhere within the Keauhou Resort. Views of the shoreline and ocean by motorists traveling on Alii Drive and Mamalahoa Highway Bypass will not be impacted by the proposed project. The 51.1-acre site is located mauka of the two public rights-of-way. Mitigation measures are not warranted by the proposed project since development of the . proposed project will not impact views ofthe Kona coastline. 3.13 Traditional and Customary Native Hawaiian Rights CSH is conducting a CIA of the Applicant's property. In a progress report (see Appendix E), CSH reports that the project site is located in an area that has had a long history in population settlement. Important remnants include the settlement around Keauhou Bay, ~"." (~ 14 JUNE 2009 CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB holua slide, Lekeleke Burials (site of the 1819 Battle of Kuamo'o), and abandoned railroad bed. At least eleven individuals, community organizations, and Office of Hawaiian Affairs representatives were contacted for input and responses have been received as well as are pending. Overall, the responses have provided many accounts of life in the early days around Keauhou Bay and its vicinity. One account included the memory of the 1946 tsunami and how the ocean receded from the bay before returning with the big waves. Another account included the mo'olelo (stories) of the leprosies at Kahoe'e before they went to Kalaupapa. Keauhou was a former port of call; it had an important cart trail that was used to transport animals and local produce. It also had many cattle runs that past through the area. Keauhou Bay has also been a popular fishing area. Although kama'iiina still continue to fish in its waters, access to the ocean and shoreline resources are now made via public roads and coastal/shoreline trails. None of the interviewees in the CIA identified accesses or trails through the project site that have been or are currently being used for cultural purposes. 3.14 Existing Public Access To and Along the Shoreline or Mountain Areas and Knowledge of Public Access Being Used ~~) According to CSH's archaeological survey, there are three features within the property that are identified as trails (see Appendix D). Site No. 7628 is the most substantially constructed trail. It consists in part of stepping stones through the a' ii terrain, but cannot be followed through the entire project site due to previous bulldozing and rough lava terrain. A portion of this trail is preserved within the adjacent Kona Country Club golf course. It is visible as a trodden path with most of its stepping stones dislodged. The trail condition is fair to poor. The remaining two trails (Site No. 7621 and Site No. 7633) are part of a network of localized trails functioning as access to agricultural and habitation sites within or adjacent to the project area. The network of trails was observed only in limited form in the northern half of the project site with no corresponding network observed in the southern half. Considering their limited alignment and condition within the project site, the SHPD determined that the trails would not need to be preserved. The project site is located more than 1,700 feet from the shoreline and mauka of other resort properties. Existing public accesses to and along the shoreline will not be impacted by the proposed development. 15 JUNE 2009 CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB 3.15 Social Settlement Pattern o Keauhou has long been a resort-residential community serving many of Hawaii's visitors and residents. The las! four decades have seen a rapid expansion of urban development in the North Kona District, driven by the growth of the state's visitor industry. According to the State of Hawaii, Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism, the Kahalu'u-Keauhou population in 2000 was 2,414, while the population in the entire North Kona District was 9,870 (2000 U.S. Census). The 2010 U.S. Census is expected to show a marked increase in population for both Kailua-Kona and the overall North Kona area. 3.16 Economic Resources The North Kona District of the island of Hawaii is the fastest growing region in the county. Spurred by the tourism industry, the primary economic activities in the district include visitor accommodations, agriculture, construction, retail trade, education, and social services. The medium household income (dollars) in 2000 was approximately $52,522. Growth in the region has centered around Kailua-Kona, where hotels, commercial centers, industrial subdivisions, and residential development have all flourished. Support facilities, including schools, government buildings, parks, and other recreational facilities, have also taken root in this expanding area. Keauhou as well as Hualalai and Kaupulehu to the north are coastal resort communities that serve as major economic generators for the North Kona area. Keauhou Resort brings visitors and new residents to the region who patronize and support local businesses and services. The continued support of these businesses and services would contribute to their viability and presence in the community. (' "J 3.17 land Values Based on a review of Hawaii County 2009 Real Property Assessment records of TMK: 7- 8-10: 30, the land value of TMK: 7-8-10: 101's 50-acre parcel is estimated to be approximately $1,605,000. 3.18 Surrounding land Use Existing land use in the surrounding areas include the Kona Country Club golf course to the north and east, open space and Alii Drive/Mamalahoa Highway Bypass to the west, and open space and future access road to the south. ("~.~ '. . 16 JUNE 2009 CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB 3.19 Surrounding Zoning Current zoning of lands surrounding the project site include Open (Kona Country Club golf course) to the north and east and A-5a (existing open space) to the west and south (see Figure 5). Further west are RM-2 zoned lands representing some of the resort development of the master planned community of Keauhou. 4 Public Facilities and Services 4.1 Access The primary access to the project site is via Alii Drive and Mamalahoa Highway Bypass. An existing permitted access connection is available on Mamalahoa Highway Bypass for the Applicant's property and lands mauka of the Kona Country Club golf course. This access connection coincides with an existing unsignalized, channelized intersection and the location of a portion of the project site's TMK parcel. The Applicant is proposing to improve the access from the highway intersection to the proposed residential portion of the project site as described in Section 1.8 of this application. ) 4.2 Water Water will be made available to the project site via an existing 12-inch waterline in Alii Drive located makai of the property. The existing water system is owned and maintained by the County DWS. The project site currently has 10 water units available from the DWS. Fifty additional water units will be requested from the DWS to supplement the existing water units to fully serve the proposed development. The Applicant plans to install the necessary off- site water line through the Kona Country Club golf course property, which is owned by the Applicant, to connect the existing transmission line in Alii Drive to the water distribution system in the proposed development. 4.3 Sewage Disposal Wastewater generated by the proposed development will be collected in sewer lines located in Alii Drive. The sewer lines in the highway are part of the Keauhou Resort's sewer system owned and maintained by the Keauhou Community Services Inc. The system includes a secondary wastewater treatment facility at Heeia. The applicant will apply to the utility company for connection to the system. As part of its application, the Applicant will construct a sewer line along its golf course boundary from the proposed development to the existing sewer line in Alii Drive. 17 JUNE 2009 CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB 4.4 Solid Waste o Solid waste generated by the construction of the proposed development is likely to include predominantly construction debris and material waste. The disposal of this waste is not expected to generate significant impact. The construction contractor is anticipated to remove all construction debris from the site and haul them to a County-approved disposal facility. Solid waste generated by the occupants of the multiple-family residential units will be collected by a private contractor who would haul it away to the West Hawaii Landfill. This facility is owned by the County of Hawaii and operated under a contract with Waste Management Hawaii. 4.5 Electricity, Telephone, and Cable Service (GATV) Electrical and telephone services to the project will be provided by Hawaiian Electric Light Co. Inc. and Hawaiian Te1com, Inc., respectively. CATV service will be provided by Oceanic Time Wamer Cable: Existing overhead lines from Alii Drive and Mamalahoa Highway Bypass will be extended to connect with the underground conduits of the project's onsite electrical, telephone, and CATV distribution system. (~) 4.6 Police and Fire Protection The Hawaii County Fire Department (Kailua-Kona Station) and the Police Department's Kona Headquarters are located approximately 8 miles from the project site. The proposed project is within the existing service areas of these County agencies. 4.7 Schools The North Kona District public schools fall within the Konawaena Complex, according to the State Department of Education. Within this complex are Honaunau Elementary, Hookena Elementary, Ke Kula 0 Ehunuikaimalino Charter School, Konawaena Elementary, Konawaena Middle School, Konawaena High School, and Kona Pacific Public Charter School. The proposed residential project, which is expected to have a small number of school-aged children, will have minimal impact on public schools in the complex. 4.8 Parks Kahaluu Beach Park, the nearest public beach park/recreation area, is approximately 1.5 miles northwest of the project site. At Keauhou Bay, there is a recreational boating facility owned by the State that includes a pier, boat ramp and parking lot. Keolonahihi (=~ 18 JUNE 2009 CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB State Historical Park is located outside of Keauhou approximately 3 miles northwest of the Applicant's property. 5 Environmental Assessment and Analysis 5.1 Relationship Between Local Short-Term Uses of Environment and Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-Term Productivity The local short-term use of the environment would include the conversion of the project site from a barren, unaltered land to a long-term residential settlement of homes for local families as well as new families to the island. What was once an unproductive land that generated no social or economic benefits would now provide long-term benefits with higher land values and consequent government revenues from property taxes. These in turn would pay for enhanced public services and facilities. Long-term social benefits would include more residents in Keauhou to support and patronize the various recreational and cultural amenities in the area. 5.2 Proposed Mitigative Measures ) Fugitive dust associated with the project construction will be mitigated by adhering to Hawaii County requirements and BMPs for grading, dust control, and stockpiling. These requirements and practices include such measures as erecting dust control screens, watering exposed soil areas or stockpiles, and immediate grassing of bare grounds. Construction activities for the project will be scheduled for daylight hours. Late evening and night operations are not anticipated, but should such operations do occur an appropriate noise variance approval from the State Department of Health will be obtained. A variance would also be required if anticipated construction noise levels are expected to exceed noise level standards for the area. No homes presently occupy properties located immediately adjacent to the project site. The Kona Country Club golf course and an existing open space surround the property. These uses provide a large buffer to the residential areas located further beyond the Applicant's property. Although the proposed project will remove some existing vegetation, it will, in fact, increase vegetation cover in the area. New robust plants, including native as well as common introduced species, will be incorporated throughout the grounds of the project while the project landscaping will retain the ungraded areas in their natural state and possibly supplementing them with renaturalization plants, such as those that already occur in the area. CSH recommended preservation of four possibly significant archaeological sites on the property. These sites have been taken into account in the project planning and will be preserved in the buffered landscaped areas of the proposed development. 19 JUNE 2009 CHANGE OF ZONE ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB The spread-out formation of the residential units will be lower in density than the typical resort residential projects that are located elsewhere within the Keauhou Resort. The units will be designed to integrate with the topography of the land to minimize site grading and the potential of soil erosion and off-site sedimentation. o 5.3 Alternatives to the Proposed Development No-Action Alternative: A "no-action" alternative would reflect the Applicant's decision to abandon its plans to develop the 5 1. I-acre site for residential use. This would result in the project site being left undeveloped and in its existing unaltered state. The site would continue to be unproductive in light of it being designated by State and County land use plans for urban development. Considering that the project site presented the Applicant with the best opportunity to meet its objective to develop residential units in Keauhou, this no action alternative was not a feasible option for the Applicant and, therefore, was removed from further consideration. Alternative Use of the Site: In considering the proposed project, the Applicant examined the opportunity to place the proposed development in other locations. It was readily concluded that the current project () site provided an optimum location for residential homes within the Keauhou Resort with ,'~~'~ its accessibility to existing roads and utilities, vantage point for panoramic views of the Kona coast, and close proximity to its Kona Country Club golf course. The Keauhou Resort long-range master plan concurs with the suitability of the site for residential use. The plan has evaluated and planned the site to complement the surrounding planned uses. Consideration by the Applicant of alternative uses for the site, such as commercial or major recreational, would be incompatible with the master plan. The proposed project also provides more opportunities in the housing market by offering an additional variety of housing choices. 5.4 Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Natural Resources Development of the proposed project will commit the land to a long-term use associated with the new homes. Private funds, labor, construction equipment, building materials, landscape materials, energy sources, water resources, and other utility services will be committed to the development of the project. Later, private funds and resources will be required for advertising and promotions of the project. When construction is completed and residents move into their homes, there will be long- term use of public/private utilities and services as well as long-term employment for groundskeepers for the maintenance of the property's landscaped common areas. (~~: ---....'. 20 JUNE 2009 ) Appendix A Figures ~'2'o09 Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd. K 2007.33.51001003-1 dky 2009Mayl 4 r!! OKauai Niihau \'\ Oahu~ Pacific Ocean Keahole Airport Molokai LJ ~ui lanaiS) ~ CJ Kahoolawe o STATE OF HAWAII ("-'.'.' " '--oj Pac f c o c e a n South Point .- . ,.;"...,.. "'~' ,-,~~..",'~ .. "'"'.)~q <".,.~".: ffi 036 12 ~ SCALE IN MILES Figure 1 ISLAND OF HAWAII (=~ '-..-.... NORTH Change of Zone Application Kona Country Club 00/006 2 kya 2009May29 2 ' Ltd K 2007.33.51 - _ i:l2009 Belt Collins HawaII. ~/--;'.)' ... .' \: ~~~;~ (~,c ;',;I,}., ,\.....,f" F I, ( I J "II,,!.;~ l'e'.' ";: "'. i) ~ I I I (..e, :".::'. . "'<c',/... ',.;. / \ "'. ..,."""" ';"'X.,;, /.:.. \ 11;1 1;' ". '. ".t ,.?,t I';; ! I) / c Xi. ....; I "\" ~~,L0. ....p,.; ; .,. J~i1(\;""'.C.v \' .."....). ",c""';""""; ,I'. I · .,.\.y;....;/.);..;,0 ......;. Ii ". i., ",< .... ..~ 'I.L'" "(Y'it" {''ti'l 1..'\;. .. ~'R' ~~; ii'?y""" 'L;.l......... '\::.\; ... .Y 'J '\K/',.?l, ~')L' "r-'\,J, se'\. \' \ " _, \"\.' \ 'c7 <\ \ \: \ \ J i ! \/ . l;....-~::.\ "!":"\"":"I 1 ~11\ \ \~, )) ,I \. " ) ----'" v., \ " /" ) \\ L' '\, ~)-\-~J ,/ ) ~~ 1/-1 '\ ~9':n,'1,'';- '.'X' t ~)\ \\J.\ ~,1J-~.5 L , ~ ~< j) //1'1-' '\ ~::;'; ~~~IWq!l;' ' ') c ". n \, ) \ \',' .J . .. .; ,(>tin . ih..\ -, \ "''- ~ Nn.l, / /.',' "' "">7 ' " < I ) , I,~I, "t\il ~'\ 1'i;]lrr ( ':1~ .....~. '4~,f,)) (I ( r .~~~~(,~ ") ;~') _ ~ n~n.~ lr~ .:1. 'i. I'" ..},.y .... . ./ '\ '\ ~ K ><~!~'\; , . . l......'\ \~ I ""1 \i j,;"~}..'..'....'."..'....'..".."'...{'......',.." ..'.....l......i.,..i...i...........)..... .f..........'..........'..........................'..i...;...,....'. ./1 . i/ '\,~ R,~.; ~.'~. "'.' '.( )-\~~;:.;~. ". )\~'" '" "a.. smo:) llo~ _ ./ '1~. ;~k!L. !'. ...-L--- 'l.... J ~t~:.'~ ~~....::~.,.~I~.r::~.' _. '.l..,.,.' e ~- :,. ,\1;.1$1 .,. .. ", \ \ " I",'v I ". )' ~ I. ~,:C~~\l'~~\ \~\.,,>~\ I' { \, ('~~/Il~( I..: ," \'-'-'" ';".. .~! '. \ c" ) {'%' .~., J ~ i. . ". , .\. ')! - .<-') I ( '. , ! ''', . .\),\ 1 I. / I < v' /. ,I ',' .71. \" ) . \':"'~--~"i / ) / \ (./ 'I (' (, f --~.'\ \\ '\.\ \, i,.. l,.~ \. I i ( \-.-.\ \,\ -nonn~,a"-:I -- \" \'~"'\\ '\ ~ \ "'- I \. ~,'"'l 't ' Z:~ " .' Ill.. ;~\'l. ( ..j......;/..'.l.;.. ~~~l(r/.jJ. '~. 2'1.~' '\':,1. ..' .... . rr)! 1f'l! } /.' I ;,' ...... ,.x;~", ". i..,". \" , ~\." \\ ~;\~\, " '." ~ . . " I . "Im ,W' , ." .' ". .. , , " " ~J'J~i \(~f~~Y \'.L~<\! }~ " ~) j\ti\;,~2~J,,~ ,,\"j)~~,,~ '; 'WI. '.. t. i\' I " \ ! t\ . l..'- ,..\. f' <. . ::ii:"v;".: \>':. I /.: !~I~; ....x '.<4 (\ dJ\. \.,. ~~. ';'VI, . I"" ;'..\.' ....... I....... ..)"'>':. ~ (' l 'i .'\.c ,~l'l" . ;">1 '.,(.j :,""1.. I' \,I~~, '( 4 ..........:\:. c'\:.\ ........ ic. t . ,.~' .~~" .~~.\.~..~ -~ ,lfi... I. :7; , ., I., ". .., \ 'f . I.. ..) l.., , ~ 'x\ \"\'" \;<';,...'1 .' '. . . II"' \. I:K \ . :., h ., I!'%- ....\, _ , .,\ '~.d' " f., \. \\e, ~ ,,\, ~''\~r>1:;'. . 1, J ( ~ . . r- 1" /"' \rI" ..K~t'\ X" " ' - T:' I '~~. _I) A ~~ ~\' ;A lr'~' .. 1 \ ;/!i\ \,J '. j f;:,. '!.\\~i~ - .. N Z g.g (IJ 0 ~o Jo.. - ~s ~!;( 8:5 .- u <C 0 U. 0 ~~ ..... ~ g w b~ !:: ~ VI fii .I:: U 0 0 ~ t- o w w 0 u- '" ~ w -' <C U 0 V1 ~~ . .. 200733.5' 001004-2 kya 2009May2B 4 @2009BeltCollins HawaII Ltd. K .., ~ " -: .... '"' , ... -' ., -' MI- Q)c.. IooW :;,U C'lZ .- 0 u.u I- Z W ~ c.. o ...J W > W C o W VI o c.. o cc: c.. c z ... I:l ... ..... <::.0 0'" .~U .~ C - +-' 0..<:: 0..", <C 0 QJU <:: '" o <:: NO .....~ o Q) Cl <:: '" ..r:::. U o /"') (v ~ 'c ::;) r;; 'P <:: QJ '0 ';;; QJ a:: 11 ..r:::. u ~ ~ Qj +-' <:: Q) U r;; <:: o 'p '" l!! u QJ a:: \l /' <C'\ \U7 tSJ o o '" LJ.J ..... 6 Vl ~:r: ~ o z .i... (C~': . ~ "-~ , In ~ "0 ::l C +-' '" "3 c -J U 0 d> 0'" oVi Ol C OJ <( <( '" "0 '" +-' OJ a. 0 ~ c x <( r3 > L.U Z oVi +-' C 0 C C 0 OJ a. ~ '" -e In a. E x OJ C 0 L.U :) cr: z I w Cl w ... N ~S "Cij ~.J:: C 3: _" c -d ~ro ;-0\~::3 ~ :c. '-' ~ gqp= &g~o::~..o.~ S\::s~il.g~ :) ~ ro ~ E ro .~ "'00 a.Q) Q)O'\........ ~!::!.~l?~g:'5 --.J(ij'O'l~zr:~ E ~ oEO 3 "0 E " ~ (tJQ)C:o~r:>t:; ~ c.C:u ro 0"100 8' jg .!!!. 0_" 0 Ol N "- 0...";:0 VI lo.....-: ... CL i:':'. 0-0 3: Cl. CL Oiij (V) ~ ~ Oiij "''''15 3:::: l? 0- 3: I E 0- '" 0'" OJ ,:;; '" >, OJ o~ ~ a. +-,'-'I.ncij;-:-,<( ro C,'+- "'0 = 0:: 0."'0 .J) 02 0 OJ g; _ t:: OJ :~ ~ ~~2i ffi..c: ~ 3:o::>E~c:gu ~ ;;( .3 .3 oE ~ ~ ~ i1i u :; o Vl Q2009 Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd. K 2007.3305100/002-' kya 2009May28 7 "d"W CUe :;:;) tn'-' U:z o ~ u o ...I .... CC Z IX: LLI .... ~ Q. W '" :;) C Z CC .... c.n o ::> .~U .~ c o.t= Cl.::> <( 0 OJU c '" o c NO '0::': OJ Ol c '" -'= U a a '" I- a L.U a L.U M u.. Z L.U -J <( U a VI ~I h: o z .2 Q z w C1 W ...l '" ~ ::l .!:2 0, <t '" Lll <l: € E '" '+ 'p ::; ~ Qj Qj ..... Iii '0 0 'p =F =F c:: ..... <lJ ..... 0 -0 0 VI 'Vi VI <lJ <lJ <lJ 0:: 0:: 0:: Lll c:: N Lll "! Q) ~ " 0. ~ >- 0 0:: IIII @2009BeltCollinsHawaii Ltd. K 2007.33.5100/002-' 0 kya 2009May28 5 VI E . ~ .g~ ~. ~ vi' -0 0 E ~ 0 .g .~ 3 ~ ~ c>..coO-e1-"U :;,.....>8cn~ro OC>-l~1-0 u6.n~~oc :=U-o"'.D~:5: ~ :=~::S '" s;.g roroO"V'lV'lV'l........ J::5:E~"'<t.~ ''''oEQ:;xen E J: U >-~ -;::, " ~ 6 ~ ~ ~ _VI ~ 8 en= ~ 0 ~ :~ .0 N e~ON"':5:='2"" e:;r:::: O)~~ co E;N - g.~ -e ~ ~ ~~ 19NC::::l1-0:=c. ~;::;~-og:>-~cx: 19...9:!n:.CQJ1::ro"O V"lt.r:: ...ro..c:::::l.J::.~ :~ ~:ffi .~ ~ 8 ~ ~ s~ ~ ~.s: QJ B-t1 ~~:c~~-5.!::$ Qj u :s o V) 1.t\\:J <Uz ... ::sz .~O u..N >- .... 2: :::>> o u c.n o ::l .~o .~ c - ..... o.c o.::l <t 0 <lJU c:: '" o c No '<- v' 0- Q) en c '" ..c U (:) ~ <C ::J: \:J Z i= VI >< W () 0 0 '" t- o UJ 0 UJ M LJ.. ~ UJ ...l <t U 0 V) ~~ .... '" . ~ . c= .... ~~~ 0 -0",::> 0 c~.... '" ro--S ~~.~ E ~ ,,+= rn...... ::>Q!<(.!: I- .:!::: Cl.......-o 0 L.U a~Oro 0 L.U "\: ~ t= ~ M u... -0 ~:iij E s: ?:; C L.U CO . s: .... 0 -J -J Erom~ <( ~ ~= ~.~ u 0 Vl -0 ~ 8'00,+:>" l-Q)Q}'"OO -0 c ::> ~~!9~~ ~~ c CO .Il CO -J 0, 13Vlv::!::"" -J ro <( Q! J:!:: > N ~ :; .... "'0......(00_ .... c .~ B ~ :~'t. ::> "S CO .... .... . "S .Il 0 -0 *~:r:.~<( 0 .Il 0, 0. Q! ......c='ro~ ~ 0, <( E \l" 'Vi ~1S~~~ <( Q! VI Q! ::> (jj CO 'rooo~Q) . E 0- .!: V s:o.gB-~ 'c (5 c ~EI'<:~ ~ ~ :;:) :;:) Q 10 Qj z l:: w ::> ~ 0 w Vl ...J 00/002.3 dky 2009May28 6 @2009BeltCollinsHawaiiLtd. K 2007.33.51 ~t " V ", .- "'- '. '",- \ ) \Ow- g-g ... U J: 'p 0 l: z!!! .!:1 c :s ......J 0.. t: m~ <C 0.::> i!O::-~8 0= c co .... Oc Q.. 3:..... N 0 ....::,:: :E<c ~ LL J: g' o u. ~ VI 0 u Ow Z~ <C:! -'VI ..JW <CJ: g5.... !:iO :::)..... u D: ~ <C "'2009 Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd. K 2007.33.51001002-5 kya 2009May28 6 ......'" (iJW :...Q.. ::J)- t7\..... .- ...I u._ o V\ CoO o ::l "go .~ C"- a.1:: o.::l <t: 0 <lJU ~~ 0 <lJ 01 c '" ..c U () " Vl vi <l.i <lJ 0. 'U ::> ,- 0 > Vi Vl -> ~ <lJ '" <lJ ... 0. ~<n c 0 _<lJ <lJ Vl O-oc ~ <lJ Vi ~,1:.Q Vl 0. ... <lJ <lJ 0 C ~~~ 0. 0. <lJ 0 0 Vi ~ <n\O~ "" Vi ... <n0<lJ C <lJ _0 Vl B ... <lJ 0. u"" C c ~ 0 :2;::;8 "" <lJ ~ <lJ "" o.~ V'I <lJ 0. 0 "'~ <lJ 0 E 0. 0 ... rn~~E 0 '" Lf) "" "" o ro ::l +-' '" ..Q "" B E QJ .I::. o-r:: >. B \0 ~<nVl-o ~.......... OJ ro '" '" <lJ:= cr: 0 U " ... ..Q '" >ro-- t;:; E ... <lJ >. ~ 3: ro c: 0 '" 0. '" ::s ro ;:; 3: 0 w 'Vi <lJ >. U V'lJ:+->O M u.. 0. ~:=~~ >. >. -'" E ~ C u B c e ~ ~ <1J '51 w 0 <lJ 'Vi -' Vl t:: 0 >- >- Ero:;~r:::' <t: >- >- ..c OJ C roJ:.t:"Oo U <lJ OJ OJ 0 E B go a ~ ~ 0 <n E E ..c ~ Vl ~ '" >- 0: -g .~ ~ M ~ '" 0. X (jj ~~ x ... '" ~ <lJ <n ",<t: 0"" <lJ x '" > G~o ~~ <lJ :s: ::l ::l .~ ::l 0 ::l QJ'-+-I:=c. (ij E 0 <+= Iii '" i;; J2 ijj ~ <t: <+= '" C C ~~E~~ c .m '" > ::l 'm 'm :.::: > '" c.. :.::: :=rot........Vl . :.::: '" -' ro~ro"";'-;CJ) (~~ Ci -' Ci Ci (j w ~ ~ >- 0 S;~o.c.::: w ~ ~ ~~~E~ 0 :.::: :.::: Z IIIII eu w u I,:J :; w 0 ...J <n .. 02009 Belt Collins Hawaii ltd, K 2007.33.5100/002-7 kya 2009May29 7 c o 'P '" u <;:: 'Vi VI '" o ~ ::i '" 2! :J CO >.>' :!::: "'0 .2: a t)VlE :J "0 .... "'Cc..c: 0"'"0 ~ --' '" "- ,..: 0 :='(ijc a~~ E~.g '" -...... '- ~.~ 0l"5 Ol eO":i::Jr::::' "-c"OO ~~~~ \.? "0_ ~R~~ .- 8 Ol'~ ~ N:= 0. ~;:::m<( J3(11~"O V)~roQJ := Q) E ~ ~~1i~ ro .J:: +-' u It':'..:t:;:1;. OJ > ";:: o <:( c o 'P '" u <;:: 'Vi VI '" u 9. >. .... 'S; 'p U :J "0 e "- ~ c o 'S; .....J ".j:j >. u 0:; :J .... "0 '" 0 "cu 0: "0 ~ o 0 c :2 --' 1U ~IID~ "0 (11, lJ:: 'Vi VI '" o 6 z 00> cuI=- S> .~i= u.,U :> c o 0::: a. ....I o VI ::;) c:C w a::: :> ~ > C ::;) to- VI o Z c:C ...I // C.D o :J .~o .~ c - .... o.c 0.:J <l: 0- (1IU C '" o c NO b~ (11 Ol c '" .r: U a a '" f- a L.U a L.U M L1.. Z L.U --' <l: U a Vl ~I l:c o z ." . m .. $ .. d K 2007.33.51001005.2 kya 2009May29 5 @2009 Belt Collins HawaII Lt . O\...Iz cu<O '-U- :s-.... tn '" cr.:> .- 0 u.....I0:: OW wV\ <W ::1:0:: uo.. 0::0:: <0 u.. CV\ Ww C.... Z- wV\ :E :E o u w 0:: ro u '0, o o OJ ro .<= o l: z <( w \:J w .... c.!:) 0;:0 ';:;0 .~ C o.c 0..;:0 <( 0 OJU c ro o c NO "- ::.:: o OJ en c ro .<= U o ~ ,. Os VI ~ ~~ .~ t: ~~ a:8 ;:;;.8' ~o ~ Q) '0 := -<:: ~ ~ ro-O:: I.--:. ~~ va-. >~ ~ <u VI.!:} roE :s~ -S~ UVl ~ ~ * ~ c .g ro i:: ~ e: 0.. ~ J2 "0 V "0 c V E E o ~ j!:! .;;; ,r-) C_ o o '" UJ -' <( U Vl ~I ~ o z .~....(.~ .". '-' ) Appendix B Metes and Bounds Map & Description DESCRIPTION PARCEL 1 from A-5a Zoning to RM-30 Zoning Being a portion of Lot C-1-A-1 of Royal Patent 7844, Land Commission Award 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha Situated at Keauhou 2, North Kona, Island of Hawaii, Hawaii Beginning at the Southwest corner of this parcel of land and on the eastery side of Mamalahoa Bypass Highway, the coordinates of said point of beginning referred to Government Survey Triangulation Station "KEAUHOU COAST" being 1 ,637.58 feet South and 4,235.06 feet East, thence running by azimuths measured clockwise from True South: 1. 1450 50' 44" 119.98 feet along the easterly side of Mamalahoa Bypass Highway; 2. Thence along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha, on a curve to the left with a radius of 30.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 280050' 44" 42.43 feet; _J 39.73 feet along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 4. Thence along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha, on a curve to the right with a radius of 330.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 255020' 22" 220.25 feet; 3. 235050' 44" 2.92 feet along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 6. Thence along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha, on a curve to the left with a radius of 30.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 2290 50' 42.43 feet; 5. 274050' 7. 184050' 89.03 feet along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Thence along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha, on a curve to the left with a radius of 475.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 172008' 25" 208.74 feet; 1590 26' 50" 101.48 feet along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 690 26' 50" 230.09 feet along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 520 51' 60.00 feet along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; Thence along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha, on a curve to the right with a radius of 1,030.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 1520 30' 345.32 feet; 1620 09' 502.03 feet along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; Thence along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha , on a curve to the left with a radius of 970.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 1530 36' 15" 288.29 feet; 110041' 471.74 feet along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 16. 144030' 376.87 feet along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 17. 1940 02' 164.00 feet along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 18. 232021' 701.17 feet along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1and Lot A of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 19. 221.00 feet along Lot A of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 189010' 20. 210005' 115.00 feet along Lot A of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; o l_ [ [- r- I I L L F--J~- (.J [ [ [ ,- I t_ [ [ I r"..... ( ) -----1 I I. r L 21. 1830 50' 377.00 feet along Lot A of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 22. 311050' 700.00 feet along Lot A of R.P. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 23. 3240 40' 640.00 feet along Lot A of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 24. 570 00' 120.00 feet along Lot A of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 25. 360 10' 142.00 feet along Lot A of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 26. 7050' 578.00 feet along Lot A of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 27, 3380 50' 30" 359.86 feet along Lot A of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 28. 3420 50' 528.07 feet along Lot A of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; ') /1 29. 690 26' 50" 230.09 feet along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 30. 3390 26' 50" 101.48 feet along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 31. Thence along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha, on a curve to the right with a radius of 525.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 3520 08' 25" 230.71 feet; 32. 4050' 89.03 feet along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of R.P. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 33. Thence along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha, on a curve to the left with a radius of 30.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 319050' 42.43 feet; 34. 4050' 60.00 feet along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; 35. 36. 37. 38. 940 50' 112.92 feet along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 ofRP. 7844, L.C.Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; Thence along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha, on a curve to the left with a radius of 270.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 750 20' 22" 180.20 feet; 550 50' 44" 39.73 feet along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha; Thence along the remainder of Lot C-1-A-1 of RP. 7844, L.C. Aw. 7715, Apana 12 to L. Kamehameha, on a curve to the left with a radius of 30.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 10051' 48" 42.41 feet to the point of beginning and containing an Area of 51.058 Acres. 2153 North King Street Suite 200 Honolulu, Hawaii 96819 c/-'o/~ A- ~~- Licensed Professional Land Surveyor Certificate Number 12972 BELT COLLINS HAWAII L TO. February 4, 2009 ('-1 ~ I I I LJ C)1 L: fH i L r L r (- L L L (~5 [ [ [ r L I L l r (~~ "'1 ... r ::J Co> U .~ - c: ~C gN -c: '" . '" :<,0 ~ .Aj;-...~ r;" i9~ ....~ "6 ~ ...J > 8 d ~ o C> ~ 8 ~ <D o _('1'1 I ....J ~ ~ LU OlD U.....U1 a: ~ < ltJ.... a.. '? U1 < ) ~ ... f;>I ~ C> C> ..... ll'IOl 'in C> b N 8 d <D , i I zr'svr ,orzs~-----J I , .- -"I 0> .;; c: o N .. In I .. -"OoOro "'!'"/I " c} ~ ll'~ i9~ ~ .r .tJ. , .r GJ ~~. jof'J. ~ ~ !J-. v ,lzzrz S8 :.,....,: ~~ 0> .~ c: C N .. In I .. ,,> o ,,) N en ~ >- ~ Z6 ..... :x: ~ C> ~~ ::! ., u en en en ~ CD .. In I .. ~ :x: < -' ~ ~ ....1 r--'--' ... c: cu e c. o ~~ cu C~g ~ .......J'" CXl ~ C1I ~ o _::::~ en 0::1 ........ ~~ ~.;ri .... IV ~ cu 5~:I: a:~ S8-5.=! ~ ~~~~~ ~~~~lB~ 0' "",.6- .. o t- ....J I-t I-t -:c ::.... ~ :J::g ffl <- Cl >~~ .... CC~_S "i fi:l5~.~ ~ Ut~~ a.. t-z OJ'=: LLJ ....J"'.... 0 g: ~~~~ ,..c: .c~ ~:= fi~ ~~ '" ,.. ~& Sf;; ~~ S '- .~c t=2! w :z e N Ll- e UJ (!) :z < :E: U C W en e D... e a: a.. .~ <:> ~~': 0< .~ ~3C.... <ls :J::J:D. Ii: .~ o~d, :Z~,t .31: C\J<> :J:c ::;)IJ.."C ~Offl ::;)0> <:z~ ~<D. ...J~ I-tn.. <~~ <a I- en ~ <:> <..> ::> o :I: ::> ~ UJ i'" G !Ol-39NVH3 9NINOZ\nOHnV3~\^3^~nS\ 'Ii o .... "C OJ <- <.. .... - OJ <.. m J::. .... :::I .~ N IV "C C IV m OJ .... IV ~i rom" ""' en C> C> CU ..; >- '- ., :::J '- .<:l '" u.. b .. - - ~ C> ~ In , '" '" I ..... C> o CU '" Z .<:l '" .., Appendix C Traffic Assessment ) R' K= ".. 0-' . \ ,.~" F'\ ., tr::~ t~~ r !. \1 f~: tJ ATA AUSTIN, TSUTSUMI & ASSOCIATES, INC. CIVIL ENGINEERS' SURVEYORS ~r~;n rrn I ~ P'" ....;. i (; CONTINUING THE ENGINEERING PRACTICE FOUNDED BY H. A. R. A'Usfi'N] IN.J1834 1-' 1 ; KENNETH K. KUROKAWA, P.E. TERRANCE S. ARASHIRO, P .E. DONOHUE M. FUJII, P.E. STANLEYT. WATANABE IVAN K. NAKATSUKA. P.E. S....L..,.. 0nl ! "'''' ". ..,. (' ,)~.. t I 'I! ! ~.:"- 'r: {\ ~(;..:::' : ~ ~ ~ '\..J~'......_il.....) ......,.,-:-'!..-\, #09-010 February 12, 2009 Via Email Mr. Glen Koyama Senior Project Manager Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd. 2153 North King Street, Suite 200 Honolulu, Hawaii 96819-4554 Dear Mr. Koyama: Subject: Traffic Assessment for Keahou Resort Rezoning Tax Map' Key: (3) 7-8-010:030 Keauhou, Hawaii Austin, Tsutsumi & Associates, Inc. (ATA) has conducted a traffic assessment for the proposed rezoning of a 50-acre parcel from agricultural to allow for the development of resort. residential units located within Keauhou, on the island of Hawaii. ) Project Description We understand that the developer proposes to construct either 50 single family or 60 multi-family resort dwelling units on the 50-acre site located on the makai side of the Kona Country Club Golf Course, hereinafter referred to as the "Project." Direct vehicular access to the site will be provided via the future portion of Alii Highway, also referred to as Kahului-Keauhou Parkway, which connects to Alii Drive. The parcel is further defined as a portion of TMK: (3) 7-8-010:030. Figure 1 shows the location of the Project. Existing Roadways In the immediate vicinity of the Project, traffic is served by Alii Drive and Kuakini Highway which are two-way, two-lane roads generally oriented in the north-south direction. Alii Drive generally follows the coastline providing a link between Keauhou and Kailua-Kona. Kuakini Highway provides an inland parallel route that generally links the Kealakekua area to Kailua-Kona. REPLY TO: SOl SUMNER STREET, SUITE 521 . HONOLULU, HAWAII 96B17-5031 PHONE (BOBl 533-3646. FAX IBOBl 526-1267 EMAIL: Qlohnl@aIQha~all.com OFFIOES IN: HONOLULU, HAWAII WAILUKU. MAUl. HAWAII HILD, HAWAII ATA AUSTIN. TSUTSUMf & ASSOCIATES. NC CIVIL ENGINEE~S . SURVEVOJ=iS Mr. Glen Koyama Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd. Study Scope February 12, 2009 [J () L1 [ r-- ) Section 25-2-46 Concurrency Requirements of the Hawaii County Code requires that a Traffic Impact Analysis Report (TIAR) be conducted if the Project generates more than 50 peak hour trips. The focus of this traffic assessment will be on the trip generation potential of the 50 single family or 60 multi-family dwelling units utilizing applicable trip generation rates published by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation. 8th Edition. Figure 1 Project Location N ~ I o~~U~:__.3J Keauhou Bay 2 "--TMK:7-8..o10:03D. ~ ~ - . +. .' .' ..' r- l L L L (-~\ ~--) [ [ [ [ l t l (~~.'\ .~ r ATA AUST.N. TSUTSUMI, & ASSOCIATES. INC C:VIL ENGINEEJ:iS ~ SUJ;tVEYORS Mr. Glen Koyama Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd. February 12, 2009 Trip Generation A review of the trip rates published by ITE in Trip Generation. 8th Edition, indicates that the Project is most closely represented by Land Use Code 260 - Recreational Homes. ITE defines this land use as: "Recreational home are usually located in a resod containing local services and complete recreational facilities. These dwellings are often second homes used by the owner periodically or rented on a seasonal basis. " Land Use Code 260 does not differentiate between single family dwellings and multi-family dwellings; however, the clustering of units together does not impact the overall travel characteristics of the Project. The trip generation projection for the Project will be based on a worst-case 60-unit scenario and is shown in Table 1. ,"O,.,-,,\, -~-) Table 1 Trip Generation AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour of Traffic of Traffic Land Use Desi nation Recreational Homes No. of Units 60 The trip generation projection for the 60-unit Project indicates that a total of 10 vehicles per hour (vph) are anticipated during the AM commuter peak hour of traffic and a total of 16 vph are anticipated during the PM commuter peak hour of traffic. Conclusions The following are the conclusions of the traffic assessment study. · The 60-unit Project is the worst-case scenario and will generate fewer than 20 total trips (enter and exit) during the AM and PM commuter peak hours of traffic. · The peak hour traffic generated impacts of the proposed Project will be minimal due to the low volume of traffic generated. 3 ATA AUSTIN. TSUTSUMI So ASSOCIATES. INC CIVIL ENGINEERS . SU~VEYOI=lS Mr. Glen Koyama Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd. February 12, 2009 . The Project does not meet the minimum criteria of 50 peak hour trips specified in Section 25-2-46 Concurrency Requirements of the Hawaii County Code regarding the preparation of a Traffic Impact Assessment Report. The Project is anticipated to generate fewer than 20 peak hour trips and, therefore, a Traffic Impact Assessment Report is not required. We appreciate the opportunity to prepare this traffic assessment for the Project. Should you require clarification, please call me or Neal Kasamoto at (808) 533-3646. Sincerely, AUSTIN, TSUTSUMI & ASSOCIATES, INC. By ~~~ KKN::NHK:mt KEITH K. NIIYA, P.E. Chief TransportationlTraffic Engineer Z:I2009\OII-010\Ben Collin.. TraffAssmt Rezoning 021209.doc 4 r.. I O..~.. - L f"- ! I r' I r I L [ t [ ,..-F ;' '"\ \~ r [ [ [ [ [ I ("~ ~[ [ Appendix D Cultural Impact Assessment (Preliminary Report) ) Cultural Surveys Hawai'i, Inc. Archaeological and Cultural Impact Studies Hallett H. Hammatt, Ph.D., President .' .....-c... ..,~., '..l.~....._...-., ....~:~~~ P.O.Box 1114 Kailua, Hawaii 96734 Ph.: (808) 262-9972 Fax: (808) 262-4950 Job code: Keauhou 1 mmagat@culturalsurveys.com www.culturalsurveys.com May 8, 2009 Welina mai e Glen Koyama, Below you will find a summary of responses from consultants who have been contacted to date by Cultural Surveys Hawai'i regarding the proposed 60 multi-family residential development in Keauhou Ahupua'a TMK [3] 7-8-10: portion of 30. I. Community Consultation Summary The following organizations have been Gontacted regarding the proposed 60 multi-family residential development in Keauhou Ahupua'a TMK [3] 7-8-10: portion of30: Office of Ha\yaiian Affairs; State Historic Preservation Division in O'ahu; Hawai'i Island Burial Council; Daughters of Hawai'i; Lily Kong of Ka Ohana 0 Na Kupuna 0 Kona; Council Member Brenda Ford.at the. Council District 7, Cynthia Nazara of Kona Hawaiian Civic Club; Mahealani Pai of the Keauhou Cultural ,Advisory Committee, and . , the kiipuna who are cultural and lineal descendants of Keauhou includingBilly Paris, Roy Allen Wall Jr., and Napua Wells. Responses are still pending from some' aforementioned organizations and from kama 'lUna. To date, individuals, community contacts, and representatives of OHA have responded with the following information and concerns: (1) The project area was likely used to rull cattle in the past. (2) Keauhou was a former port of call, and there is an importantcart trail that is near the project area. The cart trail went from Keauhou and below the railroad tracks to Kawanui before crossing over the pali (Keauhou makai). Animals and local produce were taken on the trail. A nearby beach trail was used for cattle. (3) Community contacts requested that the proposed development be accompanied by the proper infrastructure. (4) Participants requested for the preservation oras much open space as possible, with one contact a.sking for buildings not to be "jumbled together" and to leave "a littlespa~e." (5) The proposed development should beiritegrated into the surroundings to"blend" in as much as possible and to minimize its visibility from the road. Keauhou 1 Page 2 May 8, 2009 (6) It is essential that. water-runoff issues from the proposed development be addressed, studied, and prevented so that the makai area below will not be impacted. The shoreline must be protected. (7) Historic sites must be protected, including any burials that may be in the project area. (8) There is concern over the surge in traffic and energy consumption of the proposed development, with community contacts stating for development to be limited and for any accompanying infrastructure issues to be addressed. (9) Because the project area is located near or between two historic sites (namely the h6lua slide and Lekeleke Burials (site of the 1819 Battle of Kuamo'o), community contacts expressed concern what access to the project area would be like. (10) OHA requests a thorough review of all archaeological reports and cultural studies related to the larger area of which will be the subject of the cultural impact assessment. (11) One. community contact recommended an archaeological survey if it has not been conducted for the area. (12) Community contacts discussed their dissatisfaction with past developments in Keauhou, specifically the development of the boat ramp and concrete pier, and expressed their concerns that future development in Keauhou respect as much as possible the historic sites and maintain the essence and view planes of the area. (13) Several participants in the CIA noted that the Keauhou boat ramp was built over the sacred pond that King Kamehameha III was bathed in during his birth. One contact noted the following: "See at that time, Kamehameha Schools had no cultural awareness, or very little. They were after the dollar. Then they wanted to develop Keauhou as much as possible." II. Mo 'olelo about project area and its environs The project area is associated with the mo 'olelo (stories, narratives) of the surrounding area, including: A. The birthplace of Kauikeaouli, who later became Kamehameha m. One participant narrated the king's birth as follows: [He] was born here. And they had this tree that they planted here and dug it up. It was a monkey pod tree; it was actually what they call a black monkey pod. For some reason, I guess because of the endangerment from the spirits, they cut it down. He was sick when he was born, so over here in this pond... when the tide was up, what they did was bring him in here to let him rest in the water because it was cooler. He had something like asthma so they tri~d to give him herbs while he was still a baby. So through the transformation from warm to cold, trying to heal him that way, [and] with the herbs... [he survived]. q ~rJ Ll r-l L [.1 J I] [! L r (~ [ [ [ [ l l [ (C~ '1 Keauhou 1 Page 3 May 8, 2009 B. The Battle of Kuamo'o which was fought in 1819. The fight over the ancient kapu (taboo) system involved Keku'aokalani and King Kamehameha II (Liholiho) who along with regent Ka'ahumanu, had given up traditional Hawaiian religion. The Lekeleke burial ground (makai of the project area) is the final resting place of more than 300 Hawaiians who died in the battle. C. The area where the Battle of Kuamo'o took place should be seen as part of a historic whole. Directly below the project area is Ma'ihi Bay and Kuamo'o Point. Stated a community contact: This bay, the first one that you see where the point is, that is Ma'ihi. On this side, on this cove is Kahoe'e. On the other side of this point is Kuamo'o; these are all parts of the historic site of this whole area. This is where the legacy was kept at Kahoe 'e and there was a little hospital they built somewhere over here, it was close by.. .But there's a lot of burials down there. So this is, like I said, I'm not going to worry about upside too much, but I'm worried about the shoreline. D. Next to the Lekeleke burial ground is Kahoe'e, associated with mo'olelo about the leprosy victims who were stationed here. According to a community contact, Kahoe'e is where the leprosies were kept before they went to Kalaupapa on Moloka'i. So that's where they kept them. And they named it Kahoe'e. "Kaho" means cold and "e' e" means to fall, because they were all in pain. And then they launched to get out on a ship. So this is the kind of thing I'm worried about. When they put in this road, they have a drainage over there. And that's where it runs all the way down to Kahoe'e..v That hill over there all the way on the higher spot way over in the comer, that's called Pu'uhonua Kuai'aku, it's on the other side. Lekeleke is right below this hill. That was during the battle of Kuamo'o. That there is the Keauhou Fire Station- Pu'uloa above. That's where I told you my 'oharia (family) that went back, were canoe builders...Somewhere back there is apapaholo,papaholo means road, pathway, to bring the logs, the canoe down to Kuamo'o. Pu'uhonua Kuai'aku. Because in Pu'uhonua Kuai'aku, there is apapaholo that shows where it's coming from- directly in line with Pu 'uloa. . . E. The well-known hOlua slide, which is close to the project area. According to one community participant, the name of the hill where the top of the slide is located is "Pu 'u Okamilao." If one looks down below, the slide looks like a "lizard." Another community contact discussed the history of the holua slide, noting that it used to be a mile long, and that it ended before the shores of Re'eia Bay. It was about 1953 to 1954 when he recalled first seeing the slide, but by 1971, its length had been cut to make way for the road and the golf course. Ii 11 Lh} Keauhou 1 Page 4 May 8, 2009 He stated: Or ! j l.J As a kid, I remember it going all the way down. I'd come in fishing from Hilo with my dad and we'd come in at Keauhou Bay. I was five years old and I'd look up and see the thing and it was massive, corning all the way down. Later, when I came back from college, I looked for it and it was gone. rl LJ F. In more recent times, Keauhou is also associated with the 1946 tsunami, stated a community participant: rl I J . . . It took everything. It took out this wooden wharf. . .. The sampans it threw back behind where they have kayaks now. And it broke our house completely... They had warning. They could see the water going out before the waves came. The bottom of the bay was completely visible. I wasn't here,.I was in school. But my father told me you could see the bottom oftrus bay, the water went out completely. So they knew it was going to come back and come back big so everybody got out of the way. And the population at the time was small so we didn't have tourists and people who don't know. The local people knew what would happen. f" I l. G. Keauhou Bay is a popular fishing area, where in the past, participants have noted the abundance of all kinds of fish. There is still kama 'lUna that continue to fish in its waters. Both fresh water and brackish ponds were and still can be found in the area. r L r The aforementioned concerns and information represent those consultants who have responded as of May 8, 2009. Further feedback about this project is being gathered through ongoing interviews. ..r ( . ,-) [ [ r Me ka ha'aha'a, Margaret Magat, Cultural Researcher Cultural Surveys Hawai'i r" t I L r l. [ (OC~ '-'( l Appendix E SHPD Acceptance Letter and Archaeological Inventory Survey 1 .;" " ( t:lIK -.:r..."",~ cf~ 9'1- 91.' STATE HIST,ORIC mESERVATION DIVISION 33 SOUTH KING STREET. enHLOOR HONOLULU. HAWAII 98813 UfTH AJM.ClWlU'BIt8ON R E eEl V ED BOAIID OF LAND NlO NATUlW. RESOURCf DEPU11E8 < JOHN W AIHEE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII JOHN P.1W'fElB\ D 7ill8 FEO 19 Pi1 I: ,qq PONALtwW<E DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES July 26, 1994 ....... Mr. Doug Borthwick Cultural Surveys Hawaii 733 North Kalaheo A venue Kailua, Hawaii 96734 LOG NO: 12305 DOC NO: 9407RC30 Dear Mr. Borthwick: SUBJECT: Review of Archaeological Inventory Survey -- Kona Country Club Estates (Otaka Inc.) Keauhou, North Kona, Hawaii TMK: 7-8-10: pore 30 This responds to your submittal of this report to Kanalei Shun, formerly of our staff, on April 14, 1993. Our apologies for'the long overdue review. This report is titled Archaeological Inventory Survey of the Proposed KonaCountryClub EstateS Project Site, Kea~hou, North Kona, Hawai'i Island (1992. Borthwick, McDermott; Colin and Hammatt~ Cultural Surveys Hawaii ms.). ' We find that the survey adequately covered the project area, finding a total ()! 20 historic sites. The background review of the ahupua' a settlement pattern is ~llent, clearly predicting site patterns for the project area -- low density informal agricultural with mostly temporary habitations and some permanent habitations. This pattern is in fact what w~s found. The site descriptions are generally accep~ble, with the exception that site plan maps are missing for several sites (7610, 7622, 7623, 7624, 7670) and several minor points listed in.the Atta~hment. With the understanding that this information will be sent as replacement pages and/or addendum pages, we will finish our review here. We agree with the significance evaluations -- 14 sites are significant solely for their information content and 6 for multiple criteria. CQt;'9!) ..... .... Pagl':2 We also agree with the mitigation proposals. Preservation of four sites is to occur -- 7610 (a tube with a burial), 7671 (a platform with a possible burial), a permanent habitation site (7803), and a temporary habitation site (7682). The latter two sites should be useful for interpretation of intermediate zone settlement patterns in the resort. [Table 1 is incorrect in listing trail 7628 for selective preservation, we assume; since the text on page 69 indicates portions are preserved in the adjacent golf course and will not be practical to preserve here.] Since this trail and another are small segments, we see no need to preserve them in this area. We would like to suggest that some of the agricultural clearing areas be preserved, as this kind of adaptation in Keauhou is not slated for preservation to our knowledge. This should be preserved as a landscape, to give the feel for farming these l~ds. If possible, one or more of the 4 sites to be preserved should be merged with such a landscape. We agree that the remaining 16 sites can undergo archaeological data recovery. Please note that our Hawai'i Island Burial Council must vote on the proposal to preserve the two burial sites. Please contact Edward Ayau of our Burials Program (587-0010) to find out the 'information that the Council will need and to be placed on the Council's agenda. Once the Council votes, then the mitigation proposals can be finalized for the two burial sites. With the above comments, with the understanding that the needed site descriptive information will be submitted and with the understanding that the Burial Council must vote on the mitigation proposal for the burials and with the possibility of preserving some of the agricultural clearings to be discussed and resolved, we believe that the project is likely to have "no adverse effect" on significant historic sites with the mitigation commitments. The next step after the Burial Council's vote will be to submit archaeological data recovery and preservation pJans (detailed scopes of work) to our Division for approval, and to the County Planning Department if the development will occur under a County permit. If you have any questions, please feel free to call Ross Cordy or Pat McCoy. RC:rn c: V. Goldstein, Planning Dept.. County of Hawaii E. Ayau, DLNR Burials Program o L_ [~ r- I L r- I t. [ [ l .......~ u [ [ [ [ t I I (~ ~.._..i Pagr 3 ATTACHMENT COMMENTS ON INVENTORY SURVEY KONA COUNTRY CLUB ESTATES CULTURAL SURVEYS HAWAII . Site Descriptions ) 1. Site 7601, Features C and D need to be shown in relation to A & B on a map (either Figure 4 or Figure 9). 2. Plan maps are needed for sites 7610, 7622, 7623, 7624, 7670. 3. Site 7622, p. 37. Were artifacts or midden present? 4. Site 7628. The text describes a length of trail existing that ~~ms to' be much shorter than what is shown on the site location map (Fig. 4). Which is correct? 5. Sites 7628 and 7633. Are the stepping stones of the traiis placed on natural 'a'a, or is the trail path crushed into the 'a'a, with stepping stones then places on this crushed surface? Some photos would be useful. 6. Site 7669, p. 43. Where is the base of the structure -- in what layer? 7. p. 61 -- What are the size, construction style, associations, etc. found in prior work at Keauhou which are interpreted as indicators of temporary habitations? 8. p. 61 -- What criteria are used to identify permanent habitations? ~~j\i.>Y:" JOHNWAlHEE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII , STATE OF f-1AWAU DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES STA.TE HISTORIC PRESERVA.TION DIVISION 33 SOUTH KING STREET. 6TH FLbOR HONOLUI,.U. HAWAII. 96813 f j. November 7, 1994 Mr. Doug Borthwick Cultural Surveys Hawaii 733 North Kalaheo Avenue Kailua, Hawaii 96734 Dear Mr. Borthwick: SUBJECT: Review of Revised Archaeological Inventory Survey -- Kona Counb'y Club Estates (Otaka Inc.) Keauhou, N 01"tl1 K.OJla, Hawaii . TMK: 7-8-10: por. 30 KEITH AHUE. CHAlRPBRBON 80Alm OF lNiD AND NATUlW.. RESOURCE DEPI1fIES JOHN P. KEI'PElER II DONA L. HANAlKE o AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AQUATIC RESOURCES CONSERVAnoN AND ENJIlRONMENTAL AFFAIRS CONSERVATION AND RESOURCES ENFORCEMENT , . . CONVEY,ANCE;l FOI\EST:R'i' :AND WlLDUFE HISJ'DIVC f.'RESERVATION ! DiviSION . LAND MANAGEMENT STATE PARKS WATER AND lNiD DEVELOPMENT LOG NO: 13136 ,V DOC NO: 9411RC04 Thmlk you for your letter of November 3, 1994; which submitted the revised survey report (Borthwick, McDermott, Colin & Hammatt 1994. Archaeological Inventory Survey of the Proposed Kona Country Club Estates Project Site. Cultural Surveys Haw~ii ms revised Sept. 1994.). Revisi~js we~e hlade in reference to our letter of July 26, 1994. . .~ The revisions acceptably meet our concerns. The report is now acceptable. (J In our July 26, 1994, letter, we agreed that 20 significant historic sites were present, and we agreed with the mitigation proposals -- data recovery of 16 sites and preservation offour sites (including burial site 7610 with one burial in a tube and possible burial site 7671). We noted that the Burial Council must vote on the proposal to preserve the two burial sites.. We will pass your comments ill your current letter to Mr. . Ayau of our Burials Program staff, and he will be in contact. with you. Please have your landowner/client contact our Archaeology Branch (Pat McCoy, 587-0006) on the possibility of including some of the agricultural Clearing areas within the preserved sites. I I 1 i I I ! ~' DON HIBBARD, Administrator State Historic Preservation Division c: E. Ayau, Burials Program V. Goldstein, Planning Dept., County of Hawaii (=' ".~./ ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY OF THE · PROPOSED KONA COUNTRY CLUB ESTATES , PROJECT SITE KEAUHOU, NORTH KONA, HAWAI'I ISLAND (TMK 7-8-10:por.30) py " Douglas F. Borthwick, B.A. Matthew McDermott, B.A. Brian Colin and Halle~t H. Hammatt, Ph.D. for OTAKA INC. Cultural Surveys Hawaii December 1992 Revised Se tember 1994 ABSTRACT Atthe request of Otaka In~., Cultural Surveys Hawaii conducted an archaeological inventory'survey' of an approximately 50-acre parcel in Keauhou 2nd, North Kona, Hawai'i. The ahupua'a ofKeauhou 2nd is very large (ca. 110,000 acres) encompassing the saddle re~on between Hualalai and Maunaloa.The traditional settlement pattern for Keauhou 2nd included a densely < populated coastal zone, <an intermediate or transitional zone, upland agricultural and habitation zone, forest zone, and saddle region. The project area is within the low site density intermediate zone. The project area contains both 'a'a and pahoehoe lava. Virtually unvegetated 'a'a dominates the northern half of the proJ~ct area with densely vegetated pahoehoe lava in the southern half. Lava type was a definite factor in determining site type and functional interpretations. During the surVey twenty sites were located and des~Iiped.Fimction'81 inten>retations of the sites include ~mporary.and permanenthabitatioll, agricultural, trails, and.b~,als. Three sites were tested .yielding ~ited quantities of midden and artifacts. Four charcoal sam pIes were collected, two of which were analyzed, one yielded a modern date and the other had a range of A.D. 1645 to 1950. Of the twenty sites three are recommended for preservation. The three sites include < one conflrIned bvrial site (-7610), one probable burial, site (-7671) and one permanent ) habitation comple~ (-7803). ,. < < . / The remaining sites are recommended to be treated as part of a Data Recovery Plan. This plan will n..eed to be, reviewed and approved by the State Historic Preservation Division of the De~artment of Land an~ Natural Resources. . . . .", i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to thank Mr. Sidney Fuke for his assistance in coordinating this project. The fieldwork was conducted under the Supervision of Douglas Borthwick, B.A. and Matt McDermott, B.A. The field crew included Ingrid Carlson, B.A., Tim'Barr, RS:, Steven Whitworth, B.A and John Driscoll, B.A Their professional assistance was greatly appreciated. Laboratory analysis of midden and. artifacts was conducted under the supervision of John Winieski, B.A. Drafting was accomplished by Bryce Myers and Ingrid Carlson. Dr. Vicki Creed and Brian Colin performed the word processing for this report. Mahalo to all these individuals. ;i c :. ~ r l l r- C) n n n [ -"I J u u [J ('"' , '-.~ Li n TABLE OF. CONTENTS ABSTRA.CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . , . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . 0' . LIST OF FIGURES " . . . . . .' . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~ . . . . . . . LIST OF TABLES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Io INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Project Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Methods ......... 0 . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Project Area Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . i ii v v 1 1 3 3 ~'... 8 8 9 9 11 11 13 13 15 16 19 22 23 26 27 29 29 32 37 37 38 38 40 40 43 46 46 47 47 50 53 ) " II. mSTORIC BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . Introduction ...... 0 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pre,:,cohtact.,Period , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a. Coastal ZQne... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . b. Intermediate Zone . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c. Upland Zone ....... 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . d. Saddle Region '. 0 . 0 . . 0 . . . . . . . . 0 . . 0 . . . . . . 0 . . .; . . . 0 . 0 . . . . . . . Summary: Chronology and Intensification. 0 . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . 0., 0 . . . . . . . Early Historic Period, 1779-1850 0':' 0 . . . . . . . .,. 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mid-1850s . ',' . , 0 . . . . . . . . . . . 00 0 . '. 0 . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . Boundary Commission Testimony . 0 . . . . . . 0 0 . . . .'. 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Historic Era Settlement Patterns . 0 . . . . . 0 . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 0 . .'. . . . . 0 . Twentieth Century 1990- o. 0 . . . 0 . . . .'. . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . Modern Times. . . . . 0 . 0 . " . . . . 0 . 0 0 ..... . : . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 '.0 . III. PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH . 0 0 0..............0..... 0', SURVEY RESULTS ..... 0 0 . . . . 0 . 0 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . 0 Site Descriptions and Testing Results 0 . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 50-10-37-7601 ........ 0 . . . 0 . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . 0 50-10-37-7607 ... 0 . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . 0 . . 0 . 50-10-37-7609 " 0 . . . . . 0 . . 0 0 . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-10-37-7610 " 0 . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . 0 . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . 0 50-10-37-7621 " 0 . . 0 . . . 0 . "0 0 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . 0 . . . . 50-10-37-7622 ........ 0 . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . .50-10-37-7623 ' . . 0 . . . : 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . 0 0 . . . . 50-10-37-7624 " 0 . . . . . . 0 . . . . 0 . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-10-37-7628 . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 . 0 . 0 0 . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . 0 . . " 50-10-37-7633 " 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . 0 0 . 0 . 0 . . 0 . . . . . . 0 . 0 . . 50-10-37-7634 0...... 0 . 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 . . . . . . . . . . 50-10-37-7669 .... 0 . 0 . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . .'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . 50-10-37-7670 ......................... 0 . . . 0 . . . . . . .'. . . . . . . 50-10-37-7671 .... 0 0 . . . . . . . . 0 0 . . . . . . . 0 . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ill 50-10-37-7682 ............................................. 55 50-10-37-7687 ............................................ 57 50-10-37-7688 ......... 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . ~. 57 50-10-37-7803 .................. 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . ;. 57 50-10-37-18429 . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . 0 . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 61 ' 50-10-37-18430. . . o. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 . . 0 . . . . . 0 . 0:' 0 . . . 0 . . ;"0 . .. 63 Testing Results Summary. . .- . . 0 . . . . . . . . . : " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . .'.. 65 v. SUMMARy .......................................... _. . . . .... . .... 69,..._ Site Summary. . . . . .' . . . . . 0 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . ;' . . .'. :'~ 69. Habitation ..... 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . 0 . 0 0 . " 69 Agriculture . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . 0 . . -. 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . Z'o 71. Trails ....... 0 . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . .'.. . . . . 0 .". 72 Burials 0........ 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .73 Settlent..e~t Pat~erns 0... 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .:. .. . ; . ',' .. 74. VI. SIGNIFICANCE AND RECO~NDATIONS... .. ...................... 77 Initial Significance. Assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. " . . . .;.....77 Recommendations 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o. . . 0"' 7"9 REFERENCES .......................... 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : .:~ . .". .. 0 . .. 80. APPENDIX: KEAUHOU 2ND BOUNDARY TESTIMONY. . . . . . . . 0 . ; . . . "'. . . . . . " 83' APPENDIX: KEAUHOU' 2ND BOUNDARY SURVEY. . . . . . . . . . . 0 . .'. . . . . . '. ~ . . . " 97 iv c I .'-;. l L 0 [] n n ['I ..I U U [J (71 ,-." I I fl Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 ---, Fig. 16 ) Fig. 17 / Fig. 18 Fig. 19 Fig. 20 Fig. 21 Fig. 22 Fig. 23 Fig. 24 Fig. 25 Fig. 26 Fig. 27 LIST OF ~~QURES State of Hawai'i .'. . . . . . . ~ . . '." . . . . . . . . .'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 Hawai'i Ishmd Location Map ............. ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..' 5 USGS Map Kealakekua Quad Showing Project Area (shaded) ........ 6 Project area map showing the location of archaeological sites. .....'... 7 Map ofKeauhou 2nd with Place Names Found in Boundary Testimonies, Showing ~ation of Kuleana Awarc}f? ............. ~ . . . . " . . . . . .. 18 Map of Keauhou 2nd with Place Names Found in Boundary Testimonies .............................................. 20 Map ofKeauhou 2nd with Place Names, Bordering Ahupua 'a, and Roads as Described in Boundary Testimonies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21 Portion of the 1928 USGS Map, Kailua Quad, Island of Hawai'i ...... 25 Site 50-10-37-7601 Featwes A and B Plan View .................. 33 Site 50-10-37-7601 Feature C Plan View ........................ 34 Site 50-10-37-7601-C Test Unit t~tile, Southwest Face ........... 36 Site 50-.10-37-7610 Plan, View shoWing Subterranean Extent of the Lava Tube, Plus the Relationship to site -7630 within eXisting Kona Country Club Golf Course ................................... 39 Site 50-10-37-7622 Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41 Site 50-10-37-7623 Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 42 Site 50-10-37":7623 Test Unit 1 Profile, West Face ................. 44 Site 50-10-37-7624 Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 45 Site 50-10-37-7634';Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 Site 50-10-37-7669 Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 49 Site 50-10-37-7669 Test Unit 1 Profile, Northwest Face . . . . . . . . . . . .. 51 Site 50-10.-37-7670 Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 52 Site 50-10-37-7671 Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 54 Site 50-10-37-7682 Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 56 Site 50-10-37-7687 Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 58 Site 50-10-37-7803 Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 59 Site 50-10-37-18429 Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62 Site 50-10-37-18430 Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 64 Map of Keauhou 2nd 4hupua'a ShoWing ApproXimate Locations of Place Names and Associated Activities Recorded on 19th Century Maps and in Commission of Boundaries Documents ....................... 84 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Site Summary of the Keauhou Parcel 40 Project Area .................. 29 Table 2 Master Artifact Catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ". . . . . . . ... . .. 67 Table 3 Charcoal Catalog . . .'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .'. . . . " 67 Table 4 Beta Analytic C 13 Adjusted Age .................................. 67 Table 5 Midden Catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 68 Table 6 Functional Categories ....................:..................... 69 ( ~",,:": ~+,. C r [ r fJ U [J n ("" ~)l U fl I. INTRODUCTION Project Background At the reqtiest of Otaka Inc., Cultural Surveys Hawaii conducted an archaeologIcal inventory survey for the appr.oximately 50 acre prpposed Kona Country Club Estates. The " ".. ,. , subject parcel is situated between the existing fourth nine,holes of the Kona Country Club and Alii Drive. The parcel was covered as part of an archaeological survey done in 1979 and 1980 (H~fuat~ an(l: Folk i980)~ Hammatt' et al. pte}$ared a management plan for the , , , proposed resort ,area (Hammat~ et al. 19~1). S~bsequent to tl1i~ surv~y Paul H. Rosendahl . ~_.. . Ph.D. Inc. developed anot4er Cultural Resomce Management Plan (Tomonari-Tu,ggle 1985), which focused on 43 development parcels, of Bishop Estate Lands, generally referred to as the Keauhou Kona Resort Complex. The present project area correlated, except for its proposed access road, todevelopml:lnt parcels 39 and 40. Based on the information concerning parcels 39 and 40 contained within the three (3) documents mentioned above (Hammatt and F9lk 1980, FIammatt et al. 1981, and Tomonari-Tuggle 1985) and consultation with the State Historic Preservation Division, Department of Land and Natural Resources, a basic scope of work was formulated to bring the survey coverage of the project area up to present day inventory level standards. The scope of work includes: 1. A complete ground survey of the entire 50-acre project area for the purpose of site inventory. AU sites would be located, descril:>ed, and mapped with evaluation of function, interrelationships, and significance. Documentation will include photographs and scale drawings of selected sites and complexes. All sites will be assigned State site numbers. 2. Limited subsurface testing to determine depth and quality of cultural .1 materials within archaeological sites and to obtain datable samples for chronological information if none is available for sites in the immediate area from previous studies. 3. Research on historic and archaeological background, including search of historic maps, wri~ten records, Land Court Awards, and Native Testimony. This research will focus on the specific ar.ea, with general background" on the ahupuata" and district, and will emphasize settlement patterns. 4. Preparation of a survey report which will include'ihe following: a. A topographic IIlapof the I'urvey area showing all archa.eologieal sites and site areas; b. Description of all archaeological sites with selected photographs, scale drawings, and discussions of function; c. Historical and archaeological background sections summarizing prehistoric and historic land use as they relate to the archaeological features; d. A summary of site categories, their significance in an archaeological and historic context; e. Recommendations based on all information generated which will specify what steps should be taken to mitigate impact of development on archaeological resources - such as data recovery (excavation) and preservation of specific areas. These recommendations will be developed in consultation with the landowner and the State and County agencies. 2' f i , L.. In i L. C) . I L r" L r- [ [ 1- l ,-J ( ) ,./ [ [ [ [ l l l /""", L[ r Methods Ground survey.coverage was conducted over a seven day period with four archaeologists. Survey transects .were oriented north/south (i.e. cross slope). Sites were " . - . .:~ ;-. plotted ona Qne inch equals .lOO.foot, two foot contour,. project area map with archaeologists spaced 15-30 meters apart depending on vegetation and terrain. Survey stakesaIong the ~ccess.road.and at project boundary .co.mers were visible during our . . survey which allowed for accUrate locational references. \ Sites encounte:red include both unrecorded and previousl~ record~d sites. The unrecorded site.s wer~. given temporary field numbers (i.e. CSH 5, 9) and sub~?~~d. to ..',d "'- .-,. ..--,-- ,', standard descriptive ,recording as .outlined in the scope of work. Previously recorded sites ~ .,:.. <- .'. were renumbered utilizing state site numbers. These sites were then checked against existing site descriptions and additional. recording (i.e. de,scription, scale drawing, etc.) .,,) was undertaken when necessary. ) Sub-surface testing was conducted at three sites to aid in age and functional determinations. Testing consisted of hand excavated, one square meter units, with excavated material sifted through eighth inch wire mesh screen. All midden and artifacts were collected and returned to Cultural Surveys lab for analysis. Four charcoal samples were collected two of which were sent for radio carbon analysis. Project Area Description The project area falls within the ahupua<a of Keauhou 2nd in North Kona. The project area traverses relatively uneroded 'ala and pahoehoe l~va flows derived from the Hualalai volcano in prehistoric times. The project area is located directly to the east of the southern end of Ali'i Drive. The western portion of the project area begins at an elevation 3 of 135 ft. a.m.s.I. with the eastern porti9n of the project extending to an elevation of 420 ft. a.m.s.!. The p~oject a,rea. is presently bound to the north and the east by the Kona Country Club golf course. The southern and western boundaries of t~e project area are delineated by developmental parcels 39 and 41 respectively. The northern portion of the project is covered by "a"a lava believed to be less than '800 years old and the soil is very sparse and shallow, mainly accumulating in pockets on the "a"a slope. .The southern portion of the project is covered by an 01. der pahoehoe flow. . . The soil deposits are more substantial in the southern half of the project area but it is still considered sparse. . . The vegetation on the southern half of the project consists of Christmas Berry ~ '" (Schinus terebintherfolius), lantana (Lantana camara), noni (Morinda citrifolia), ilima (Sida fallax), koa haole (Leuca~na leucocephala), Monkey, pod (Samanea saman), and a .variety of exotic grasses and. weeds:" . The vegetation on the northern 'a"a-covered portion of the project area is very sparse. It includes, small tufts of grass and a few isolated noni (Morinda citrifolia) plaIfts. The exception is the area surrounding state site 50-10-37-7601 where modem landscaping has occurred inclq,ding the planting of bougainvillea (bougainvillea) and coconut trees (Cocos nucifera). Rainfall averages 1000 n,un. ~ year (Giambelluca et al. 1986). \ 4: f j I L I L o L [: r r [ t t r'~ (j) [ [ r r t l r c; I Fig. 1 ) Fig. 2 NnHAU c;:J t N . QS..-\UA'! P ~C'I f:/(' State of Hawai'i ~ ,f~ ;$- -<:: ~~ <v~ X:-~ ~ c.; N Keahole p Ai C'/ f:/ (' 01, O'AHU ~ MOLOKA'I t::::::::::7. 'lANA" \) ~AU' , K~HO'OLAWE .c:J 0' C'~ ..qt\t MILES 0' 50 100 ~;LOMETE~S 50 '00 Upoh.. =: P-1 C/;:-IC I '\ , -to \ "Y--t. / v" / ('"'1 *' __ \. / ~Y' ~~J/ '\ ~ ~r I'(^~)/ ^_^ ',( ",/~( r:;~' "/ Mauna Kea ''''8/>'' ~ ~--' 13.796 It 'I "^ / A.A'f. t,,~)" / ....'" A. \ / ,,-0 ,/ "1 \ ^! X- /' ;O~J>. tlt"-;;:/;.. -//'\/./- , ((c:sP6),," '\ .\~\>- _ ......,.-/ Mauna Loa ~ . ~ v ;I. I............~ J 13.677 It 1\1(0' . /\- . ." 1 I' ^ ) t.- t...'^ ^ ^ I .........-J ^ ,,"^ l^" \ I" 'f. r- 1^-./ ,// t. /" L. ^ .. o , 10 , , o ., 10 Ka Lae Hawai'i Island Location Map 5 0(' f..q At Oc fA. tv Kumukani ~ 30 , MILES , KILOMETERS 40 , 20 , 30 . STUDY AREA ':--~ ) ../ ,. . f I . J :./ I \ : ;\ f~>.. . \ . I ::~:;; I .,. \ :.\ I " \ "I \ '\ , Fig. 3 USGS Map Kealakekua Quad Showing Project Area (shaded) 6 "~ /' i :: ~ II c.( :1 <> " co ~ il: ~ ,I (D ...: :: Ie .;_ 18 :: I _;;_ ~~.~ '\ .... :,:. -..' -....1 /e' :8 - !2 \.\I'i J~:-.:~!:l 1e .-~.-../I V'i =....l'>>--- ..~.==::::':.... ie :'" 4 II . ilL, ". u\ r. \ I' ~ ~: \ :: :' I' \ ~: \ :~ l\ ~ ~ \ II CD '\ ....... \ \\ -.. ~\-.. 0' " ,. " " " " " . " " " " " " ., " " 11 " II 11 I' .1 " I lU ~ lU o ~ - to ;7'1 '" '~~t.:~ I . Ii? Ie I . / >- II: ~ Z ::> o III '"', ~ t; W ., o II: Il. \ c( ~ l:; <D 'I '" ~ ~ 'i '. lU o i5 o ~ . l!: Ie >- II: '"' o z ::> o III '"' ~ ti w (3 II: Il. ~. U =]-. l'l o ~ o ;li~ ~g ~.~ 611I II: i >- 'c( ~ ~ z a ::> 0 III i J!! '0; B '51 o g '" s:: e c( U> :5 1 Cl) 'C en c ~ '" i5.. '0 li; tij ::> U c :z lU C) ~ ~~ii~ \ I .., ~ . / \, " '\.~\ ., " l\ , , , , I , , , 1r.Q'~" .(< L:i>-'.-4 '....a a:~ i I i ~_~ t'-,'~r:; MiS '~ I am I Q I a: , ~ I Q, ,'''''' I I ~f / I I " I , , I " , , , , .~ a. Cl) Cl) .., I --\ I- lU lU ~ ~ c( 0.. o iii .... ~ c !:<! u: 11l a: 0.. 11l ~ ffia gB~ ::>,:. ~6 1-";" U)~ ~iD I- (J) ~ :z <Ii .2l 'fil e '6'0 o Cl cu Ol 1 '0 g :;:l ~ r- '" -5 ~ '~ o fiJ Po Ol El Ol ~ tl .g e Po. ..;- .,;, r;:: II. mSTORIC BACKGROUND Introduction This section incorporates archaeological and historical research in a discussion focused on settlement patterns within Keauhou 2. The discussion will be a'synopsis of available material(s), thus for a more comprehensive overview of the cultural.background of Kea~ou (landS) and Kahalu'u ahupua'a the reader is referred to Tomonari-Tuggle ( 1985). Keauhou 2 (literally the new era or the new current; Pukui, Elbert, Mookini) 1979:104) i~;~ very large ahupua'a (approximately 110,000 acres), extending from the coast inland, to encompass the saddle region between Hualalai and Mauna Loa summits. Keauhou (makai portion) is centrally situated within the Kona Field System (State site 50-10-37-6601) with Kailua Bay to the north and Kealakekua Bay to the south. The general settlement pattern associated with the Kona Field System, based oil ethnographic, ethno-historic, and archaeological sources, includes three main zones: coast81, intermediate, and upland. However Keauhou 2 includes a fourth zone of occupation and exploitation, here referred to as the saddle region. The Kona Field System (Sohren and Stell Newman 1968 - State Site 50-10-37-' 6601) has been further broken down into four subzones that are based on agricultural production. The four subzones and their correlations to the coastal, intermediate and upland zones are (Kelly 1983): (1) Kula 0 - 500 ft. A.M.S.L., coastal and portion of intermediate; (2) Kaluulu 500 - 1000 ft. A.M.S.L., intermediate; (3) ~pa'a 1000 - 2500 ft. AM.S.L., upland; and (4) Amau 2500 - 4000 ft. A.M.S.L., portion of upland. g r - L. I 6 I L r- L r r- l ~l l l /-~ (-.-J t r r f l. [ l I co,., "-"1 i Clearly these zones were integrated and combined depending on the topography of the area. This variation formed the cultural landscape of the Kona Coast. However the following discussion will focus on habitation as it relates to the fout main zones, coast8I, intermediate, upland, and saddle, and changes in use of these zones through time. In the most general terms, the four zones, the coastal zone can be characterized as a relatiyely narrow strip of land along the coast with ~e highest concentrations of habitation and religious sites. The intermediate zone has agricultural activity, temporary habitation, with dispersed permanent habitation sites. The-upland, zone, like the intermediate, contains widespread evidence of agriculture and temporary a;nd permanent habitation, but at its upper end there exist~ the wao or upland forest. Beyond the upland forest is the saddle region where habitation, mostly'temporary, is focused in lava tubes with the main human activity being bird hunting. Pre-contact Period a. Coastal Zone The coastal zone of Keauhou 2 encompasses the southern side of Keauhou Bay to the Boundary with Honalo ahupua'a in the south. Numerous archaeological remains, evidence of the intensive utilization of the coastal zone, were found along this stretch of shoreline. Although development of the Keauhou Bay area has obliterated most of the prehistoric sites, historic literature and surveys prior to development (Reinecke 1930, Kekahuna 1954) clearly indicates a substantial concentration of sites along the southern shoreline of the Bay. Sites included complexes associated with both Kaukulaelae Heiau at the southern point of the bay, and Kanlohoalii Heiau at the back of the bay. The other major concentrations of habitation sites within coastal Keauhou appears 9 to have been associated with the village of Kahoe'e, south of Keauhou Bay ~owards Kuamo'o (Reinecke 1930). Fronting Kahoe'e is a low rock and sand shoreline allowing for easy canoe landing. Between Kahoe'e and Keauhou Bay the s4.oreline is mostly cliffs . and site density is lower but sites are still present. Along the southern coastal boundary of Keauhou 2 lies an extensive burial complex (Le. Kuamo'o, 50-'10-37-1745). The complex is situated within 'a'a lava and contains numerous platforms and terraces. The burial complex is associated with the last major battle in the Hawaiian islands which pitted the ~orces of Lih.Qljho (K,amehameha II) against his cousin Kekuaokalani over the abolis~ent of the kapu system. T~e. Q.urial monuments are those of the slain chiefs and warriors of Kekuaokalani. Initial occupation of the coastal zone appears to have been around the 11th or 12th centuries. Tomonari-Tuggle states: "within Keauhou-KahaIu'u, earliest known occupation took place sometime after AD 1000. It was primarily marine resource - oriented, with habitation focused around Kahalu'u bay; there may have been similar occupation areas around Keauhou and He'eia bays to the south. As permanent settlements were established along the coast, kin-based social and economic ties linked the 'different coastal areas". However, no actual dates of this early "pioneering" .era have been obtained for coastal Keauhou 2 to the authors knowledge, rather the time frame is inferred based on dates from coastal Kahal u'u and other areas of the Kona coast. There is, however, clear evidence of intensive occupation from the 1400's on. Analysis of 18 volcanic glass dates and eight radio carbon dates from the southern shoreline of Keauhou Bay indicated a continuum of occupation beginning ca. AD 1400 and extending into the historic period (Walker and Haun 1989). 10 o 1__ r-- I, [- 10. t L. r' L L [ (j [ r r r r ~- r , '- l r i /~-"..~ ~ I b. Intermediate Zone There is plentiful evidence of prehistoric utilization of the intermediate zone within Keauhou 2. The intermediate zone, within which the project area lies, contains no permanent habitation site concentrations like those of the coastal zone. Generally sites consist of dispersed habitation features, with temporary features out numbering permanent. There is however, an increased emphasis on agricultural pursuits in the . . intermediate zone. Agricultural features exist throughout the intermediate zone even in 'a'a lava. A recent archaeolQgical survey of some 808 acres within the intermediate zone of Keauhou and Kahalu'u confrrmed the ge.neral pattern oHow site density." One of the most important characteristics concerns the generally low density of archaeological remains throughout the project area. Considering the pm;t;icular environmental characteristics of the Mauka Land project area, this is much as would be expected. Not only is it inland from the coast (the project area is roughly 0.7 km from the nearest shoreline at its closest point, and about 2.4 kIn at its most distant), but much of the terrain is extremely rocky and rainfall is fairly miIrimal (Athens 1991:60). Chronologically it would appear that initial use of the intermediate zone was essentially contemporaneous with that of the coastal zone. A site along Kamehameha III road within Keauhou I was dated to ca AD 1130 (Crozier 1973). However, additional dates from the same site clustered around the 15th and 16th centuries. c. Upland Zone The upland zone is reported to have relatively high site density. However very little archaeological work has taken place to confirm this. Additionally, much of the prime agricultural lands have been modified for historic agriculture (coffee, cattle) as well 11 as for housing. To the authors knowledge there has not been any major archaeological surveys in Keauhou mauka of Kuakini Highway. Thus it must be inferred from historical sources and surveys elsewhere as to types of sites and site densities present in the upiand zone. Based on a review of archaeological surveys along the north/south Kona boundary (Colin et al. 1992) it appears that no village-like clustering of habitation sites existed in the upland zone, that were comparable to the coastal zone. Instead land utilization focused on agricultuz:al. prodlJ~tion with the produce supporting the coastal villages. Again because of the paucity ~f ~~haeological work few dates exist specific to the upland zone. However, in the Hokukano Ranch Development Project,' a survey mauka of Mamalahoa highway in the 1900 to 2600 foot A.M.S.L. range, analysis of a radio carbon sample collected from a temporary habitation feature yielded an age range of 1420 00,1650 (Burgett and Rosendahl 1991). The date range suggests occupation associated'with the agricultural features which are the dominant feature type in the area (Ibid.). Beyond the upland agriculturelhabitation zone is the rain forest. Utilization would have included resource procurement of forest products, such as timber, birds, famine-type foods, and medicinal plants. Habitation was widely dispersed and for the most part temporary. An archeological survey within the ahupua1a of Kealakekua South Kona, in areas up to the 6,000 ft. elevation, located a few presumably pre-historic sites (Hammatt et. al1991). These sites included a possible habitation compound, an isolated enclosure, two modified lava tubes, well defined curbed foot trails, and a possible shrine complex. , These few sites were found within a nearly 10,000 acre reconnaissance clearly indicating a very low site density. The presence of the sites, however, indicates a pattern of lava tube utilization and the presence of features in proximity to trails. 12 f I i L, l) I L [ r- L, f'" ! [ ,[ L (-) r [ r [ l r L r ('~ ''---l r d. Saddle Region I?rehistoric occupation within the saddle region has been established through archaeological ,work done in association with t,,:Q,e Army's:Pohakuloa training area (PTA) outside of Keauhou 2nd and the existen..ce of Ahq a 'Umi ,Heiau in Keauhou 2nd. Research , , , in the PTA has revealed utilization of: lava tube shelters, for habitation on a recurrent' basis. At one of the cave sh~lters (site - 10;221) charcoal from oven features produced dates that "represent some of the earliest for higher elevation areas of Hawaii island thus far encountered (AD 800's to ll00's)" (Stre~k 1986). Addj.tionally excavations within.the ". ~djacent (in the saddle region) ahupua'a of Pu.uanahulu, at the "Bobcat Trail Habitation cave and Kipuka Complex (Site 50-10-30-5004) "suggest utilization" from about the mid- .;.': 11th century to the historic period, with the most intensive period of occupation occurring between the mid - 12th to mid 18th centuries" (HaW). 1986). Within the saddle region of Keauhou 2nd is the heiau Ahu a Umi (50-10-29-3810). This heia'Ll is said to be directly related to Hawaii island rulirig chief, Umi-a-Liloa (Kamakau 1961, Fornander 1986, Kalukana 1977): Umi's reign has been given various time frames (ca 1600 Hommon 1976; ca 1553-1598 Cordy 1990). However, based on the argument put forth by Hammatt and Shideler (1991) a. date of ca 1500 appears appropriate. The existence of th~ heiau is in4iq:l1tv.~ of utilization beyond basic resource procurement in the remote saddle region ~f Keauhou l>Y the 1500 to 1600s. Summary: Chronology and Intensification, The basic settlement pattern as outlined for Keauhou 2nd includes: (1) A high site density coastal zone of habitation with marine exploitation as the principal economy. The coastal zone appears to have bee,n initially occupied ca AD 1000 but probably earlier; 13 (2) An intermediate zone of relatively low site density with agriculture as the principle pursuit. Habitation for the most part was temporary but permanent habitation sites were present, especially in association with lava tubes. Initial use or occupation appears to be ca. AD 1000 to 1200; (3) The upland habitation and agriculture zone with a high site density. However, the absence of archaeological work and the degree of historical land ?1odific~tionshas limited confirmation of site types an4 densities within the zone. Inference from historic literature research and sUrveys near the north/south Kona boundary has indicated extensive agricultural fields, associated habitation sites u1.cluding "both temporary and permanent tyPes. Again, inferred from dates obtained elsewhere in < Kona an AD 1200 to 1400 date range is possible for initial occupation ~d utilization for this zone. Beyond these three main zones of habitation and associated agriculture, are the woo or rainforest and saddle region. The upland jungle or ~ma~ sub-zone is generally part of all ahupua'a within the parameters of the Kona field system but the saddle region as part of a. specific ahupua.'a is unique to Keauhou II. Utilization of the upland jungle was focused on forest products and mainly avian r.esources within the saddle region. < Early dates from the saddle region ca (800's to 1100's) correlate closely to coastal zone and intermediate zone initial occupation dates. This suggests at least some form of utilization for all zones by ca 1100: In postulated chronological framework for the Kona field system Rose Schilt (1984) has identified five major phases. The five phases include: I. Pioneer Settlement ca AD 1050 - 1400; II. Garden developments ca AD 1400 - 1600/1650; III. Refuge, Habitation, and intensive/extensive gardening ca AD 1600/1650 - 1779; IV. Historic Habitation and Gardening 1779-1850 (possible early contact); V. Historic Ranching ca AD 1850 - modern times (Schilt 14 ! I I i LJ 01 I I f._J r-l U n [ · L [ L (~5 [ [ [ [ [ [ r ("': "~l r l Early Historic Period, 1779.1850 Early historic accounts concerning the Keauhou. area suggest little change in the traditional settlement pattern. Keauhou Bay remained an important locale, in terms of ali'i residences, and its importance asa trading port was also beginning to be realized. Hi~h ranking AliCi directly associated with Keauhou included Ke'eaumoku, one of Kamehameha fs four main chiefly' advisors, who controlled all of Keauhou during this period. Others are Keopu).ani, mother of Lihiliho (Kamehameha II) and Kauikeaouli (Kamehameha III) who was born at Keauhou Bay (ca. A;D. 1814). The status of Keauhou Bay as a viable trading 'port was envisioned, during the very early stages of western contact. In 1794 Archibald Menzies, surgeon and naturalist on Vancouver's 1790s expedition, visited Keauhou at the request of Ke'eaumoku, and 15 described Keauhou as, ,I! A small cove surrounde4,by a scattered village belonging to Ke'eaum~ku" (1920::149): At ,the ,same time the American sail ship, Fair American, was anchored in t~ebay. . Ther~ w~s ~S,9 at ~~ast, one American sailor resjding at the bay. The sailor had a "dwelling and is attend~d to by na~ives, and was left there to make charcoal for any visitors' ships" (Ibig:~50). ~n 1810 the sandalwood trade was ini~iated a:q.d the large upland tracts of Keauhou were probably prime areas for harvesting with th~ b.ay used as the trading port. The victualing (food products) trad~ was also important to. Keauhou and the productive agricultural fields were beginning to be. utilized beyond subs~d~nce and provisioning of the ali'i class to provisio~g of foreign ships. In 1823 the Reverend William Ellis passed through Keauhou where he estimates there were 135 houses and that about 150 people came to see his party (Ellis 1969: 120- 121). In 1838 a foreign visitor S.D. Mackintosh described Keauhou Bay as, "A comfortable and safe anchorage, is r~sorted to by vessels for cargoes of firewood, sandalwood and other' commodities of produce" (Mackintosh 1838: 2). Introduced crops of Irish Potatoes, yams, oranges, coffee and pumpkins were specifically grown for the foreign trade (Wilkes 1845). Mid-1850s Land tenure in Ha~aii changed in the mid-1800s from traditional use rights to the western ,concept of private or fee simple ownership. The changes were instituted through a number of act~, referred to as The Mahele. Virtually the entire Ahupua'a of Keauhou 2nd was awarded to Lot Kapuaiwa (LeA 16 r 1 I ' ...J j 1 I I LJ 01 LJ [1 [J fl I J [J L [ (5 L [ [ [ [ l r C"~ '-"[ r .-- . 11 ~~ e! tT ".2 ~." '--'~ Et! :~ ~.\J ::J~ ~:e >2:<1 t ~\ ........ ,~ :x:'!! ",- <b '" J] :;~ z'" ::>.l!! :x;'" ~.2 >2"2 ~~. LI.i~ :.:: .:cr:-- .g>l!! .21! "2~ ~~ ~~ ~~ :.:: \ .-- e! <b ,s II ~ oi.,g -'" '" :eg l~ ~~ e!"O ~!il _iii :i!!E W-~ LI.i~ <" 52,s 52 , UJ Z ~ ::> ;$ ~ 5E ~ i ~ ~ \ "" · 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 'f ~..... m .~ ~j "iC- .. \!l~ . ~ ~.~~ ~us ~ s:g ~2 ~:.::.Q <~ D-~kS2~!3 I I I 0 ~!l ~ ::a: Z',Q !!! 0 <.. ~ ::;; uJ c: ;; ~ t !!, ~ z ~ I 1f ~ S :s ~ ::> >2 ~ :;:2 ~ /~ = - J!t .2 ~ ] :S ~ It 12 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ra ] ~ ~ ~ l < ~ ::> ~ ::J ~ ~ i.-- ~.~ ~:a "Iii"2 < .~!'l ~ ~j ~ c:( ~ ::> ~ ~ ~ ;5 ~ I :.:: \ Cii"c; \ _ <b , ll! l!! ~ !:.- ~ :;;:~ ~ ~ g> w ~ ~ ~ ~~ ::> :x;oC; :.:: 0 ~ fl ~ I ~ ~ ,S ~ ! ~ ~ ~, ~ ~ 9 5 52 ~ \ \ fi I j ,- ~ 0 $'''' !!! jg ~ fj3 .; 'I ~~ < ..OJ i ~ ~O -g ~".: w :s .. <~ ~ ~~ <C 0 z >2 \ :[ ~ ~ ::> D- "" ~ ::> :.:: ~ ~ ::> >2 ~ .. o .... .. Ul 0: .. .i . Il .-- ~ oC; Ii; ~ ~ ~ 52 ~ >2 I I w ...J uJ D- < :.i ~ -.; <b jg .. ~ "0 !!! ~ ::> D- <C 52 < :;: o \ I '~ <C Z g <( z ~ ::> D- gf 'g ~ ., ~ j g ~ ,S \ 1 ~ [{! ~] ~~ P::g il t:l ,,,,.:!i ~~ 1l .... C'l 0 ~g ~:g "'j ~blI '~J ~~ 10 .~ ~ Boundary Commission Testimony Absent from the LCA information are references to the use of the forest and saddle regions of Keauhou 2nd. However some 20 years later (i.e. 1873), Boundary CommissIon Testimony indicates that traditional avian resource procurement in the forest and saddle regions was still taking place. The boundary testimonies, like the LCAs, offer a wealth of interes~ing infornlation. Beyond place names, the bo11D:dary testimonies indicate, where people use to live, the existence of well. defined roads, changes in vegetation, and traditional references to chronology (Figures 6 and 7). In terms of where people lived, especially in the saddle region, caves or lava tub~ . were referenced most often. Roads referenced included Governor Adams Road, Umi's Road, Government Road, and Judd Trail. Governor Adams is another name for Kuakini who was Hawaii Islands Governor from the 1820s to the 1840s. 'Uini's Road refers to Hawaii Island chief, 'Umi'a Liloa (ca., A.D. 1530), who was well known for his affinity to the higher altitude regions of the island. Besides references to "'Umi's Road" local informants of the 1870s also knew of traditions specific to 'Uroi, for example "I have not seen the place called Haliilaukoa (an old tradition says that 'Umi used to sit there because he liked the koa).." (Kahulialo 1873). The "Government Road" referenced in the boundary testimonies appears to represent two roads, one that corresponds to cart road site 7628 which goes from Keauhou Bay to Mauka Kainaliu town and the other corresponding roughly to present day Mamalahoa Highway. The Judd Road (Trail) refers to an aborted attempt at a cross island, Kona to Hilo, road through the saddle region. It was begun in 1849, but was never completed, though eventually there was some 12 miles of road built from the Kona Coast to plateau between Hualalai and Mauna Loa, (Le. ,'. Keauhou 2nd) relatively close to Ahu-a.'Umi Heiau. 19 01 - \ i I i LJ r-- L [ r- I. r~ [ L r C) [ r r [ l [ r c; [ \ ~ i ~~ ~.s ~J E2! ~1i ::il'l ~:g ;2.Q \ I .... .. ~ 2 \ fj'i ..,;. Ji;- !\!'~.!!l fl ;;:"5 ~ 3::f ~ :i ~ ~ ~ ~ Cb ~ I1! ~ 0 '" z 5 a: :::. ~ sa :::> "E' ~ 8- ~ ~ \ :. . ~ ,g. '2 l!l -2! ~ l'l 11 :a \ I I ...... ~ ..,. ! 11:.5;; ~ ~11! 3<"" 1 ::> '~1 "- ~ :::> ~ ~ .. 3< <( <( l~ ~. ::r: :".i ~. "". 0 l;j --' ::> -,g w ~ 52 ~ ~~ :".i ~ "- :$~ ~ ~ ~ i 9 ~\ II ii :....2- ~]! ~ ., ::r:.. ~.2 ;211 ~~ ~,~ ~ .~ ~ III l! !~ I..... j~ .~t :....~ ' ~.s 5i1 :a.~] :'!i~::JS2:) !:! ~ O!l! I ~. ~~ ~ ~ l! ;21 \ ..... II: l! ~ ! lil ~lil -g ~~ i~ 11:'(; .. 2! )~ !Sf: t:.~ . ~ ~ ~l! 52 I -..... i ~~ .. 0"" J!! ';;Cb ~ il l :....~ ~~ "" \ 52 w z ;2 I \ /:i' ! i '!t 2! ~ ~ ~ l'l ~ ] g @ ~! ~ "" 3 5 ~ I w --' w ~ ::r: ~ ~ ~ w ~ ~ ;2 \ "- €" :S. 2 I ~ -.;- 0 ~ :c li ~ ! ~ ~ :::> ::;: a; ~ :g'~ -~ ~-! ~~ m-a /--' I ~ O' ~ ~ ::> ~ <( I o J lIJ 'a o :B fIl ., Eo< ~ -,;l ~ o ~ .S -,;l ~ & ....n. ~'Db .__"....._..~ a ~ 0 ., "" ~ a:: d .~ 1! "" ::l 1 ~ 'Cl p. '" :2l <D llG j:i; .~ <( z o <i z g ::> ::> '0- \ s' ~ 1 ~ !'ll ~~ ~ ~ jil ."" ~::r o M El:! Ei /!!' {Ii A !i: ::; B . I<ll 0 ::>'" o 0< :r::a Pl :z: ;2 fIl I Ii m '0' ,,~ . ~ \ \ ~~ ~ \ ~~. 1 \ \I~jf il \ ~ i ~I! ~ if ~.1 ~. ~";; ::> 'E' ~ ~.... !!l ~ ~ <~ < i!l iil LU.2 ~:x: . ~ ~ ~ i ~, Iii ~ I H · i! n 1 ! ~ ~ J -'~, 1 .~ ~ !'ll I ~ ~ aSo !g 8. 'i I'~o ~ ~ p ,.*~ Pl, 'il'''' o 13~\ :II, < fIlO :::~ ::: LU _~-"1!..... ~ g.~ . ~ ;2;10 52 UJ :r: \, 15 I ~ H 0 ::>it UJ ~ 0 ~ I~ ". I ).. ~; ~ ~ -' -1' caj ~-=\l' / ~.,.,,~ I ~ s } B !I! \ Iii. . o' r~o-.. \ . ~ 5']' .!1~ ~ I ~ ~J :< \ l 1 ~~" ~ ~I Y. ~ ai I ~~~ ~~i! i~ \ ! i~;k,~ ~.~ / n g~ i 1 ~ ~ ~t 3~ i ~~o ~ \fIl ' .;2 .!1 l . ~ :l!l ~;l l~. ~ 0'- ~/' ~ ~ ~ ~ " ~ H'~ ~ ~ 1a1 ~~ I i ~ .0 ~ ~ ! :: :1iQ < I '.Q~ g Eio <5 ~ ~o. Ei ~ ;2 ..] "5 ~ D ~ . a I ~ ~ ~ ~~ i Pl ~. Eiii! g ~ ~H .:i tl~ ~ _ ~ .9i./E<~/ :!' b~ !l~ la~ ~ ~ fb'~ f!J ~ ~ ~~ ::s ~ n;Y' ~... ~ ~ia ia ,Y' ___0 ~ S=g ..... \ 1C'l ~~ \. 3 ~s.\C'l ~ ~~ @ ~ ~ i -.;;- ]! ~ o !l! ~ ::> 0- < ~ X o I [(j ~ tIl ~ -0 m I ,rj" rj ~ ~ ~ bIl l'l 'f:: ~ 5 >tl ",' Q) -4~;'IiJ,w", ~'a C;; ~tl .;l~ .~ ~ 1l "d gJ ~ tIl.!l ~1l .... ..0 o '6 g.", ~q ~ M I : l:- .bO i:i; ~I ~ "€' 50 ~ ~ ~ < g ~ ::> H ~ li _'\ I 11 , ! . , I I ~".q I L o L [ r r I r L l [ d [ [ r [ l { I (1 I References to changes in vegetation were somewhat surprising as it was indicated,' that the forest.zone was expanding. References include, "When I was .young there were '" no trees there. But now the trees have grown up" (Waiau 1875); "At that time,(Le. going' with his father) this place was above the woods and you could see from Kiha'to Waio, now the trees are all grown up" (Kahuialo 1873); and "The woods extend there now. In olden times there were "hardly any trees there" (Keakaukawai 1873). Chronological references in the boundary testimonies are in terms of major events not to specific dates., For example informant related their births to "the death'of . - - ~, Kamehameha I" (Keakaukawai), '~The time ofKuewai 0 la lae" (Palea). Chronologically this represents informants testifying in 1873 who were born in the early. 1800s. Resource procurement in the saddle region and upland forest, based on the testimonies, included birds and timber. The most often mentioned resource was birds, especially "geese and uwao" (dark rumped petrel). Timber resources mentioned included mainly sandalwood though references to "canoe makers" and "where canoe makers lived" indicates koa wood logging and roughing out the canoe before being taken to the coast for fInishing. There were also a number of references to disputes between "bird catchers" from different ahupua'a. Disputes went as far as killings or attempted killings indicating the. importance of the avian resources. Historic Era Settlement Patterns Based on the LeA and boundary testimonies it would appear that the settlement pattern during the mid to late 18008 was very similar to the late pre-historic pattern. The coastal zone was still the focus of permanent habitation, the principle agricultural 22 r' . \ , ' ! ! LJ lands (i.e. between 1000 and 2200 ft.) were heavily utilized including some permanent The continued use of Keauhou Bay as a port during the mid to lale 1800s was the () ~.Lu L [ [ r~ l [ in use and occupation of less environmentally favorable lands, like the project area. As Tomonari-Tuggle states, "The distribution of archaeological remains throughout the Keauhou-Kahaluuarea is not matched by the much more limited extent of land awards. This suggests the retrenchment of settlement and land uSe into more optimal areas as population decline decreased pressures..Qn lam} use" (Tomonari-Tuggle 1985:30). Although the vertical zonation pattern still existed, large areas of marginal productivity . . were abandoned. major factor in continuing the semblance of the traditional settlement pattern. The 23 r o [ [ r I t I ! I I ('~ "~'~ impetus of market oriented produce on the declining population would have been manifested in the shift of the remaining population to port centers like Keauhou, Kailua, and Kealakekua. This is evident by the relatively large number of LeAs, with nineteen (19) in Keauhou 2nd and fifty (50) in Keauhou 1. Additionally, at Keauhou Bay there were a few stores, a church and a school house. Based on the government license ledger for retail outlets between 1855 and 1870, indicating "That Keauhou may have been one of the more active areas along the coast" (Tomonari-Tuggle 1985:31-32). Twentieth Century 1900- The Ahupua'a of Keauhou 1 and 2 became part of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate (1889) as inherited lands from Ruth Keelikolani who had inherited them after the deaths of Victoria Kamamalu (Keauhou 1) and Lot Kapuaiwa (Keauhou 2nd). Commercial Enterprises that had their beginnings in the mid 1800s' and:"that:;. > .... flourishedin the late 1800s were livestock ranching and coffee. Commerd.aI livestock'..,~ ' '; Within Keauhou 2nd was initially goat and sheep ranching in the saddle.regio'n under:.:the. control of Charles Wall. Charl~s Wall was "renting" the mauka portion ofKeaUhou2rid for $600 per ye~ (Interior Department memo 1873) and though both:goa:tsand s.peep,' ,....,. were on his ranch, sheep eventually became the dominant livestock. Wall had a ranch house and sheep shearing shed in the saddle region but brought the wool down to the coast for storage prior to shipment. Charl~s Wall eventually sold the lease'toH:Ni" Greenwell who continued to run sheep until the late 1800s; Coffee farming in Keauhou, as evidenced by the LCA.information, was groWn"as 'an' early commercial enterprise in small individual plots. The coffee industry went. through a. number of booms and depressions through the late 1800s due to introduced diseases and price fluctuations. In KeaUhou, coffee cultivation eventually took over the area.:formerly occupied by the kuIeana agricultural plots. By this process the prime' agricultural lands between 1000 and 2200 ft., by the turn of the century, were almost all given over to coffee cultivation. Chinese and Japanese immigrants that had fulfilled their labor contracts to sugar plantations eventually became the dominant coffee growers. The coffee farmers for the most part lived on the farms in the upland agricultural zone with no. corr~sponding . coastal habitation. KeaUhou Bay still contained a church, a school house, post office, and by 1920, a single store. The focus of settlement was the mauka government road.,(Le; Mamalahoaor Belt Highway). .: The project area during this time was given over to cattle ranching tho'llgh it 'was clearly not prime pasturage. The 1928 USGS map (Figure 8) shows some 15 or so 24 . t.... , .;.~ !,I';I~> < . '\\<~:::}:.;.>~. \ \, '.. \\\\:.:':...... ~:'" ~ . ~. Fig. 8 Portion of the 1928 USGS Map, Kailua Quad, Island of Hawai'i structures at Keauhou Bay all on the north (i.e. Keauhou 1) side of the bay with a cart.. road (i.e.~ite 7627/4699) leading from Keauhou Bay to mauka Kainaliu Town. The'map :ilso shows the coastal cart road heading south to,Kealakekua Bay b~t shows no.shoreline. structures. However there are numerous structures shown clustered adjacent to the Belt- Highway and a'winding road heading mauka tothe 2250 ft. elevation with associated structures. This IS the area'of coffee 'cultivation and presumably the structures shown are the homesteads of, by this time almost exclusively, Japanese coffee fanners. . Clearly a shift in settlement to the mauka agricultural ~one h.ad taken place. The coastal zone of Keatihou 2nd, except for immediately around Keauhou Bay is j eS,sentially abandoned. . The changing focus of community life to the uplands is reiterated in a visitors description of Keauhou Bay as; "miles off the beaten path... A place where people used to live in numbers and now live no more" (Shenck 1931:80) (In Tomonari-Tuggle 1985:34). ) Modern Times Coffee and cattle dominated the economy in Keauhou until the late 1960s and early 1970s when tourism began to flourish. In the 1960s the golf course was built and the Kona Surf Hotel was completed in the early 1970s. After the completion of the golf course, and hotel condos and single family residences sprang along the edges of the golf course thus returning residential occupation of significant numbers to the coastal zone. The bulk of the prime agricultural lands of Keauhou 2nd are still under coffee cultivation and the Belt Highway is still a focus of the local community. 26 . " III. PREVIOUS. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH Within' the ahupzta'a. of :Keauhou (lands) num:erous and extensive archaeological .work has been conducted. Due, to the' tremendous anrount of previo~s work done in the area, this section will only cove:r.o:the previous'work specific to the present project area (an annotated list of the previ:ous . work done', in the area will be included in an appendix at the end of this re'i>ort)., The largest preVious archaeological study, with specific reference to the project area, was ,done in 1980 by Archaeological Research Center Hawaii, Inc. (ARCH_1980), .The overall project area encompassed 751 acreswithih the Ke'auhou-Kona Resort Area and seventy sites were identified and briefly described. State site numbers (all numbers are prefixed by 50-10-37-) within the present project area include; 7601, 7607, 7609, 7610, 7621,7622-7624,7628,;7633-7634, 7669-7671,,7682, 7687-7688, and 7803. These sites include enclosures, platforms, lava tubes, modified depressions, mounds, terraces, trails,' and walls. The functions of the sItes range ftom agriculture, temporary and permanent habitation; burials, aIid transportation. The survey conducted was of the reconnaissance level and an inventory level survey was recommended. Following this survey a plan for archaeological research was prepared by Hammatt et a1. (1981). In August 1985 Paul H. Rosendahl Inc. (Tomonari-Tuggle) did a Cultural Resource Management Plan for the Keauhou Resort Area. Specific recommendations were made regarding the project area in the 1985 plan. These recommendations include: 1. Additional survey and testing before any developmental activity (including m~ping and recording of known sites along with sample mapping of newly identified probable agricultural features), 2. If needed, a subsequent data recovery program should be implemented for any sites not recommended for preservation or interpretation, 3. The 27 I i L, o 'L. r .. l r L ,-- I L r L L c5 [ [ r [ I l l [ ("~ '-'I historic cart road should be mapped and photographed, with a recommendation for - - selective preservation, 4. The conservation and detailed mapping of some residential/agricultural features considered remnants of lower Kona".~IQpe lahd use -ana occupation~ Based on these-previous studies, it was anticipated. that the project area would co~tain a relatively low site density. The sites would consist of a variety of types 'and function, including agricultural, temporary habitation, possible permaneJit habitation, and possible b.urial(s). Additionally the nature of the differing terrain, 'a'a lava on th~ nort~ and vegetated pahoehoe to the south, was known as well as its effect on site types and functions. 28 IV. SURVEY RESULTS '" .. ..~ ... ~~. ;:..: :.', '~/'J (~;' ,-- :'"" :":;;',-'.~..'"'~_ :-. j; '. '~':;',; :.;.,-:-;~. ;..._ ..0:,',. .', ~ - . -'. _":":~-:'.,- ;~" ';.' Site Descript'ions'and'Testiiig Result~f -, ,-""', , . " ' .', ,', ':'~, _',_~'_~~:'- ,'''_ '"".."", v ...~i."",_....._ !;,.'i,"':~_.':'.,:,_:::' _,.,__ ;,_:, ,_ This' 'section' pres~'nts' the dis~ripti~e' 'ilii6iniatidn~n each of the twenty . .,- .. '. . . ..: ." ...,.... .. ':',-Z,,'" :. .,.' L;.....~t,.<, '; :,.;\.;:~_1- "':_:~>"_" '~...' "~:,>,;.:".~,r,..,, .~-./:';,,:.,.' -~ "..:'\::-:--_ >,,_,:': . " archaeologic'a(s{tes i()c'ate~rlitthe' survey 'ar~:i: 'The'~it.es'are listed by numerical order of .. , .... ,.... -, "',: -. 0:-'.- .,..;-.,....". ~ ...,. "...;." ,.; :. ,;; . State Site m~mber: If a 'site has multiple feature cOInponen~ each of these features is described s~~~;a'~i~.-C~thr~l'~l.iri~yS Iiaw8ii:kuinBe~~ (CSH#) are numbers assigned in . ......,.., . ,.'''" -__ ,';':'! "'_-:.~:''''''L,:~,'''_,~f.. .~::"':-':' ,'-"':'.'7 ~:,>:':':'" . . the field. They are~' sh~wn'iri'pare~t:heses,on1y'to aid in identification in later fieldwork. Testing Re~ulis fo~ tli~se'sites ;~d features of sites teSted are included after the actual site descriptlon-g'.- , ' 'r ~ " " . . ..Table'l presents site summary information again by sequence of State Site number. This 'tabl~ -dontafIi~ significah~~ e~aluatiorts ai ;ell as recommended treatmenf~ see code designations at end of the table. .' Also'see Tables 3-6 for Artifact, Midden, and Charcoal Sample catalogs. ,. , - Table 1 Site Summary of the Keauhou Parcel 40 Project Area .. State Site CSH Site, Type Function Prob. Signi- Recom- ,.. #50-10-37- ; Site . "' ,.. Age fl- mended # cance Treat- ment 7601 ,. 1;10, . Site, Comp1e.x ,Multi-function Preh. D D.R. ..~. 11 Hab. (Perm.) A Terrace .,' .," .- B , Platform .. . , C' Lava Tube , . D Alignment ' Trail , .,,-. ".. . .;~, Wall . 7607 -. Ag. Hist. D D.R. 7609 Modified Depressions Ag. Preh. D D.R. 7610 .' L~y~ Tube " ' Burial Preh. D,E Preserve I - , . 7621 Alignment Trail Preh. D D.R. ; . - '" 7622 Platform .. Hab. (Temp.) Preh. D D.R. 7623 4 Site Complex Hab. (Temp.) Preh. D n.R. 7624 7 Site Complex Hab. (Temp.) Preh. n n.R. 29 ?" 1 I t r i C) L ,'. I I C r ; I ( r '- ..~ (~ [ r r i t [ I I 1 (~ State Site CSH Site Type Function Prob. Signi- Recom- #50-10-37 - Site Age , ' fl.., mended # cance Treat- ment A Pavement . B Enclosure 7628 Alignment Trail Preh. C,D D.R. 7633 Alignment Trail Preh. C,D . 7634 '6 Site Complex Hab. (Temp.) Preh. D D.R. . A Terrace B Terrace ',7669 Terrace Hab. (Temp.) ~. Preh. n D.R. 7670 Enclosure Hab. (Temp.) Preh. n D.R. , 76'71 Platform Burial (Poss) Preh. D,E* Pres~rve 7682 Site Complex Hab. (Temp.)/Ag. Preh. c,n Preserve A Terrace B Terrace 7687 Terrace Ag. Preh. n n.R. ; 7688 Mound Ag. Preh. n D.R. 7803 Site Complex Hab. (Perm.)/Ag. Preh. " C,D Preserve A Terrace B Terrace C Terrace \ D Enclosure E Terrace F Terrace 18,429 5 Site Complex Hab. (Temp.) Preh. n D.R. A Rock Shelter . B Platform 18,430 9 Site Complex Hab. (Perm.)/Ag. Preh. n D.R. A Terrace .- B Terrace C Terrace 30 A. B C D E NS NLS Jj;'" DR P CODES FOR CRITERIA FOR SITE SIGNIFICANCE 1\s.lso.ciati~n \Yith broad p,at~ml:l of history. .. ..... -' . ."~' . . '. '.. . . ... , ~'. . Associated with significa~t persons. .,:: ",~ E~c~llentexari1ple ~ta site type~ . Have yielded" or lik!!ly t.o yield jmportant . information 'on prehistory or history.' " qultufa,lly sigt'lifica.n~ to. ap. ethtli.c ~oup .' .. ,.. Not Significant . No 10nger significant Was si~ficant'solely for criterion "D." An adeguate and reasonable amount of the signification information has been recovered and/or recorded . ::;IgD.lt1~S sIte IS' only,a possIble burial o~ religious f~ature Data Recovery , Preserve ....: 31 rj ! \ U 01 , I LJ l"'\ ..J I') LJ c r [ L ......I). (-. [ [ r [ I l ( C"~ -"1 State Site #: Site Type: Age: Function: Features (#): Dimensions: " 50-10-37-7601 , Site Complex Prehistoric ' Multi-function 4 108.0 m.2 (1161.9 ft.2) eBB Site #: 1,10,11 Description: State site 50-10-37-7601 (CSH 1, 10, 11) consists of a terrace, a'platform, a lava tube, and a trail desigJ:lated features A, B, C, and D respectively. The vegetation consists of koa haole and gr~ses. Feature A (CSH 11) (Figure 9) is a roughly rectangular terrace, level with a pahoehoe outcrop to the southeast. A small partitioning wall runs NW/SE through its center. A small, faced depression lies near the southwest side of the partitioning wall and measures 0.6 m. (2.0 ft.) deep. The :remaining surface of tJle terrace is cobble and boulder paved. The terrace measures 8.0 m. (26.2 ft.) long NE/SW by 4.8 m. (15.7 ft.) wide. The maximum faced height measures 0.8 in,: (2.6 ft.) on the west side of the terrace. No midden or artifacts were observed. Feature B (CSH 11) (See Figure 9) is a platform; quite similar in both,size and construction to Feature A. At least six distinct' depressions are obserVed on the platform surface. The largest depression is faced to a depth of 0.7 m. (2.3 ft.). A small second tier, 0.6 m. (2.0 ft.) below the surface of the main platform, lies on thesotithwest end. ~ bulldozer push runs south from this second tier. Feature B, (both tier~), measures 11.0 ttl. (36.1 ft.) long NE/SW by 5.0 m. (16.4 ft.) wide and the maximum faced height measures 0.7 m. (2.3 ft.). No midden or artifacts were observed. Features A and B are both constructed of stacked pahoehoe boulders and cobble. A rough, tumbled wall appears to define the northwest ,sides of both features. The wall was not given a feature designation. The site is in fair condition and excavation potential is poor. Feature C (CSH 10) (Figure 10) is a lava tube located on the northwest boundary of the site complex. The tube runs in a E/W direction with its overall length being 16.5 m. (54.5 ft.). The tube has.an average width of 5.0 m. (16.5 ft.) and an average ceiling height of 1.8 m. (5.9 ft.). The tube has two entrances, designated Entrance 1 (eastern) and Entrance 2 (western). The tube floor is covered with soil and scattered pahoehoe boulders and cobbles. A small paved area is located at the eastern end of the tube. At least two trenches were excavated along the southern wall approximately 2.0 m. (6.6 ft.) from Entranc~ 1, prior to the present survey (Hammatt and Folk 1980). ' Midden observed included marine s:qell, bone, charcoal, ,andku~ui nl.l;ts. A sW-~ pile of. midden and artifacts were observed piled on a rock near Entrance 2. The artifacts included a coral file, a small smooth stone, and a possible bone pick. Approximately 7.0 In. (23~lft.) from Entrance 2 a dust mask was observed on the floor of the main tube. A smaller tube runs west from the western end of the main tube, but very little soil and midden were observed. Excavation potential is good. 32 I .' .... \...:, ~ ; " , ~ <, ." , PO: G,O &0 o~ ePo o~ '" !f , 0 . .~ 00 o '. ' JJ <1'00 True ,North ... .... () - o~ .... 00 dP' .... I ~ 01) 00 00f.t:J 0 Legend ./ .... [(0.6] : Feature B 1 . . . . . ~.' I o 1 2 3 4 meters I (, , , '\. ..: Exposed Bedrock Boulder Facing , C(~ ~ Surface Depression cO Surface Feature Height (meters) (.9) ; /// Dhection of.81ope Pavement . Fig. 9 Site 50-10-37-7601 Features Aanq..B Plan View' 33 A l! i I u q L_J l'l J [1 [] [1 [ L .; ~.( C,) .[ [ r r l l [ ("'~ I r Smal.}., Paved Shelf" Dust,M"k and Sman'~ Pile of Artifacts, .. and Midden ..' .'/ [loll) ,.- r {;[loOJ 'e! Legend Excavations True .~. North, I . ,I , I o ~ ~ ~~ters Lava Tube Entr8Dce ~. . /.,',. . , . .I' ,.."....... J' (2.8) Subsurface Walls Subaurt'acelOverbang Height (meters) Pavement (am. cobblelpebble unless otherwiSe noted) /// .~ ~.,"/ Shelf Fig. 10 Site 50-10-37-7601 Feature C Plan View 34 .-: ,/ " . Testing'res~lts (f~r feature C) .' ". ". . A 0.5 rho by 0.5 m. test unit was excavated in thei'central portion of Feature C approximately 2.5 'm. (8.3 ft:) fronfEntrance I (Figure II). The test unit was excavated in two stratigraphic units, strata I and II. The surface of the 'test unit was littered with cultural . material including polished and unpolished basal.t..flakes, volcanic glass flakes, and substan~ial m:noun~s of maril1;e she~l, fish bone, an~ kukui nut. Stratum I is macte. up almost entirely of small boulders, cobbles and pebbles intermixed with abundant midden. What little soi~ there is consists of a fine, very dark grayisli brown (IOYR 3/2): ash-enriched silt.loam. Abundant marine shell midden, fish bone, and kukui nut were collected in.this layer.: O~~Y9Ica~c glass flake and one basalt flake were collecwd from this level. Stratu~ I is 0.05 m. (.17 ft.) thick. . ""<'I.. , Stratum II consist of the same. fine, very dark grayish brown, ash-enriched silt-loam observed in stratum I with a much smaller number of small boulder, cobble and pebble inclusions. Stratum II contained the same abundant cultural material observed in stratum 1. Thi.s stratigraphic unit is 20 em thick. -.- ',' . Charcoal was observed throughout the excavation, and a sample from the bottom of stratum II was sent to Beta ,AnalYtic Inc. for ra.dio-carbon isotope dating. The resulting date was modern (30 years +/-.50 before present). This modern date from the bottom of the excavation is likely the result of the mixing ofsedll;nents by previous pot.hunting excavations carried out in the tube. However, the artifact and midden assemblage collected from the present excavation off~rs strong evidence supporting the conclusion that this tube was utilized prehistorically. Feature D (CSH I) is a stepping-stone trail which runs generally north-south across a steeply sloping 'a'a flow. The trail consists of a worn area in 'a'a with evenly spaced tabular pahoehoe slabs. The sla,bs measure an average of 0.3 m. (1.0 ft.) in diameter. The trail is . constructed to utilize the smoother fingers of exposed pahoehoe flow which are distributed in patches in the area. The north end of the trail appears to terminate at several agricultural excavations. At the southen<i, the trail becomes difficult to follow because of the pahoehoe in the area. The trailmeasures'approximately30.0 m. (98.4 ft.) and crosses the proposed road corridor. No artifacts' or midden were observed: The site is in poor condition and there is no excavation potential. This type of site, consisting of an informal. trail segment which terminates at agricultural excavations, is common with in the study area. These features are interpreted as parts of the overall agricultural system observed within the 'a'a lava of the study area. Trails such as this would have facilitated the care and maintenance of the individual garden-like features of the system. 35 OJ "'LJ [] l'l roo l [' L L () r [ r ( t 1 I ("" "1 "--,- Fig. 11 STRJ <0 O' 0 .~ Q .". - , "" ~. #". - ... . - --: _" "'="\ ~.:...~' ,,,,':,_'40-" ., "';.:' 6 .... -51R. ] ~ . \/1"/ I "1./ ./('1/,' ;,l/{\/ 1,\// , / , ./ .' \. . -. ,,/ \ \./ I \ 1 "/ ,.., j ,,\ /' I '/ ' '-- I...... l \ ,- l ~BE.bFO:: ,,/ ,/,........., t '- / '-" /',\ >>.~"--"""" . Stratwn I - 0 to 5cmbs. - lOYR 3/2 Very Dark Grayish Brown, Ash :Enriched; Fine Silt Loam. Abundant Small Boulders, and Pebbles Stratum II - 5 to 25 cmbs. - lOYR 3/2 Very Dark Brown Ash Enriched, Fine Silt Loam. Few Small Boulders, and Pebbles Site 50-10-37-7601-C Test Unit 1 Profilet Southwest Face 36 State Site #: Site Type: Age: Function: FeatUres (#): Dimensi~n~ 50-10-37-7607 Wall Historic Agriculture 1 CSH Site #: N/A Description: State slte'50-'io-37-7607 i~ wall that is oriented in a maitka/makai direction. The wall is constructed of stacked basalt cobbles. The wall has an average height of 1.1 m. (3.5 ft.) and an average width of 0.75 m. (2.5 ft.). The mauka portion of the wall has been impacted' by the const~ction of the Kona Country Club's fourth nine. The wall separates the unvegetate'd'a'~{lavato the.North from vegetated pahoehoe to the south. The wall also use to incorporate'a corral feature. in the area of the new fourth nine based on construction style, location, and associated features - cattle control is the interpreted function. State Site #: Site TYPe: Age: . Function:' Features (#): Dimension: 50:.10-37-7609 Modified Depression Prehistoric Agricu1 ture 1 . 12.5m.2 (134.5 ft.2) CSH Site #: 2 Description: In the 1980 (Hammatt and Folk) survey a number of modified depressions. a sample of which were given state site number 50-10-37-7609.50-10-37-7609 refereed to a small ** circular enclosure. Based on: more recent archaeological research, it is believed that these are agricultural features. These depressions occur in clusters within the project area. Thus rather than giving each feature individual numbers we are grouping this site type under state site number 50-10-37-7609. A good example is CSH site 2. CSHsite 2 is'an a~cultural excavation located on a steeply sloping 'a'a flow. The excavation has been. bashed through the 'a'ainto the underlying pahoehoe. The talus pile of excavated raw material from the pit extends down slope to the northwest. This is one of the best examples of "aina bashing" activity observed in the project area. There are several (two or three) other likely, although less distinct, excavated pits approximately 20.0 m. (65.6 ft.) to the south. The vegetation in the area consists of sparse grass. No artifacts or midden were observed. There is no excavation potential. 37 Q,""'i - i LJ r-'l ! . U [ r-- l [ L L d [ [ r [ I I 1 c-~ '~1 State Site #: Site Type: , Age: Function: Features(#): Dimension: 50-10-37-7610 Lava tube Prehistoric Burial 1 CSH site #: N/A Description: Site t:>O'-10-37-7610is a lava tube. The tube consists of'a main chamber with three lateral tribes extending off the main chamber. The main chamber measures 15.1 m. (50 ft.) in length with a I!laxiriium width of 11.6 m. (38.5 ft.). The ceiling heights range, froIll; LO rn. (3.5 ft.) at the' entrance to 1.8 m. (5.83 ft.), and 1.3 m. (4.5 ft.) at the south end. The floor of the tube is'level pahoehoe. Approximately 6.4 m. from the entrance,'on the western side of the tube, isa boulder wall which is built flush against the t~bewall blocking the entrance to lateral tube 1~ Lateral tube 1 has an average width of 2.1 m. (7.0 ft.) and an average height of 1.2, m. (4.0 ft.). Lateral t'llbe 1 h~s an overalllezigth of 9.1m~' (30.0 ft.). Lateral tube 2 contains a partiaJ:huria.llocated E):1 m. (20.0 ft.) within the tube. The'cranium is situated against the makai walFWith the feet inthe middle of the passage. The skeletal remains (skull fragm~nts, phalanges.fernu'r, metat~salarein poor condition, probably due to wetness of the tube. Lateral tube 3 measures 12.1 m.(40 ft.) in length with and average Width of 1.8 m. (6.0 ft.). The ceiling:tl,eights range from) 0;5 m. to 0.6m. (1.5 to 2.0 ft.). No midden was observed Within lateral tube 3. In 1984 a wood sample for C14 analysis was taken from the surface of this lava tube and yielded a radio carbon age 300+ 130 years Before Present (Hammatt et al1985:49). Presently this site is roped off and preserved along the edge of the newly constructed fourth nine of the Kona Country Club" golf coarse. ' State Site #: Site Type: Age: Function: Features (#): Dimension: 50-10-37 -7621 Alignment Prehistoric Trail 1 CSH Site #: NJA Description: State site 50-10-37-7621 is a stepping stone trail constructed of pahoehoe slabs. The trail is oriented northwest to southeast. The trail is visible for 16.6m. (55.0 ft.). As the trail extends onto pahoehoe it is no longer definable (northern end). The southern end of the trail was traced to state site 50-1P-37-7607 (c~tt1e wall), where bulldozing has destroyed the trail. 38 39 I (" ~1 Fig. 12 Site 50-10-37-7610 Plan View Showing Subterranean Extent of the Lava 'lUbe, Plus the. Relationship to site -7630 within existing Kona Country Club Golf Course State Site #: Site Type: Age: - Function: Features (#): Dimension: 50-10-37-7622 Platform Prehistoric Habitation 1 25.7 m.2 (277.6 ft.2) eSB Site #: N/A Description: State site 50-10-37-7622 is a roughly rectangular platform situated on pahoehoe outcrop. The platform measures. 3.9 m. (13.0 ft.) by 6.6 m. (22.0 ft.) with heights ranging from 0.3 'm. to 0.45 m. (1.0 ft. to 1.5 ft.). The platform is constructed of medium boulders with a fairly level-pavement of pebbles and cobbles. The northern edge of the platform is faced. No artifacts or midden was observed at this site. State Site #: Site Type: Age: Function: Fea.tures (#): Dimension: 50-10-37 -7623 Site Cottlplex Prehistoric Temporary habitation eSB Site #: 4 Description: Site 50-10-37-7623 is a small lava tube and associated surface pavements. The site is located on relatively level terrain: The vegetation is sparse and consists of grasses, morning glory, dwarfed Christmas Berry, and Noni. The length and extent of the tube is visible on the surface as an L-shaped, curving pahoehoe ridge. The tube is narrow and the ceiling height does not exceed 0.7 m. (2.3 ft.). The tube measures 18.0 m. (59.0 ft.) from the entrance to the rear of the tube. No midden or artifacts were observed. The paved areas are located on the surface, fronting the tube entrance and to either side of the tube. Immediately to the east of the tube entrance, the pavement consists of boulders that partially fill what appears to be a collapsed section of the tube system. The other pavings are cobble and boulder concentrations, leveling and filling the pahoehoe outcrop. Overall, the pavements cover an area approximately measuring 10.0 m. (32.8 ft.) N/S by 8.0 m. (26.2 ft.) E/W. No midden or artifacts were observed. This site is considered a temporary habitation site. Excavation potential is poor. 40 '"" . ~ . . ,", ~"- ~ ,.. 6." ... Fig. 13 .. -..' ........ ~;. ., '.. . . "..-..-""'-" ......:_._ ....6 . "-,""'. -" ~', '~ . . ~ '\.. "...;....... ~. , .".. Site 50-10-37-7622 Plan View 41 ~ , . ;J.. ",. ) .~~ NO!tt"f{ ~/I/) / / I~,PE~/~ " filMA/v ~ ~ - aIro'{~ ~v ;- . '..~ ~, .-;,FA~~(' 01 , ' u r--J tJ \-1 L.j r" t [ L L () [ [ r I. l t I c; I ." "J:1 - ~/6Et>~ ~ - ~T~ ~1 .... '< "'~b ~ I> , I ;'~ /.; V ~ ." .... ~ ;3.. .rr. 1Ti/IG A<<r/l LE(;E,f/D ~ - a:eetE:p,(/~"-':"'--' -.. " / v v - ~ LAlIi'.e2:TttW.-fL. .DI/)ltAr~ e" ] -(.Eli./AI~ #Et:rflr /, ./ <. K ) - WAI-L HEI&HT ~ - 5\TE 1='c..A(;r Fig. 14 Site 50-10-37-7623 Plan View 42 '\ ~' .N....; .,; Testing Results One test unit was excavated in association with state site 50-10-37-7623. The test unit consisted"of a 1.0 m. by 0.5 m. (3.3 ft. by 1.65 ft.) trench excavated through the boulder and cobble pavement in front of the tube opening. Two stratigraphic units were observed ill the excavation. Stratum I consisted of the boulder and cobble construction fill used to create the levelt paved ar~a outside the tube entrance. This stratum is 55 em thick and consists of a mixture of pahoeho~ and ,'a'a boulq.ers and cobbles with the smaller 'a'a cobbles acting as f1l1 around the larger boulders. Several coral pebbles were observed in this boulder and cobble construction, but' they ,Were not collected. A single opihi" shell was collected from 40 em below surface. ' ,"" ,;. Stratum II is, 5 ,~II(thick and consists of a grayish-brown very fme silty-loam containing smallamolJ.Iltsof organic material and small cobble and pebble inclusions. This s~diment is likely the result of f1ltration of IIlaterial down through. the overlying boulder and cobble construction fill. Stratum II containecfno cultural material and rested directly on bedrock which W8.S en~ountered at 60 cm below surface. State Site #: Site Type: Age: Function: Features (#): Dimension: . 5'0-10-37-7624 Site Complex Prehistoric Temporary habitation 2 CSH Site #: 7 Description: State site 50-10-37-7624 is a site complex consisting of a pavement and a enclosure designated features A and B respectively. Feature A is a small irregularly-shaped paved area located 16.0 m. (52.5 ft.) west of site 50-10-37-7623. This site is constructed of pahoehoe cobble fill between two outcroppings of pahoehoe bedrock. The paved area measures 3.0 m. (9.8 ft.) N/S by 2.3m. (7.5 ft.) EIW. The pavement surface has a height of 0.7 m. (2.3 ft.). A small cupboard is located in the center of the east portion of the pavement. No midden or artifacts were observed. Excavation potential is fair to poor. ' Feature B (CSH 7) is an enclosure located on a high 'a'a and pahoehoe bluff. A panoramic view of the surrounding area is afforded at this location. Vegetation is sparset consisting mostly of grasses and vines. Construction is of 'a'a cobbles and boulders. The enclosure measures 3.0 Ip.. (9.9 ft.) NW/SEt 2.5 m. (8.? ft.) widet with a maximum wall height of 0.9 m. (3.0 ft.). The walls are roughly three courses high and in some sectionst pahoehoe outcrop is utilized in its construction. Portions of the walls are faced. The structure opens to the northwest. Cracks in the enclosure interior are partially filled with cobbles, but the floor of the enclosure is generally unevent undulatingt pahoehoe outcrop. No soil depositt artifactst or midden were observed. The site is in poor condition and there is no excavation potential. 43 f j I.' () I L_ L' r i r r L [ c:j [ [ r [ I L l [ ('~ I $0 o . ,() ~.J: "~]I "'" . ...~.. ~~- ~.:c.. ~ Horizontal Scale 1 iIi. = 20 em. Vertical Scale 1 in. = 40 em. Stratum 1 - 0 to 55 cmbs. - Pavement ConstructionMaterial- Pahoehoe and 'A'a Boulders, Cobbles, and Pebbles Stratum II - 55 to 60 cmbs. - 10YR 5/2 Grayish Brown, Very Fine Silt Loam with Organic ~aterial and Small Cobble and Pebble Inclusions Fig. 15 Site 50-10-37-7623 Test Unit 1 Profile, West Face 44 r 1 \ ! LJ o 1 ~1f{PEAI:R!lI ;t 1"'\. I lJ 01 I i \.._-1 n U FEAJ: A [" [ L [ L d [ [ \I[ r l [ [ (~ f v "'I. ( )() - wA L1- H&"/v-HJ"J5 ex] -U/I-/Nt:-- ilOGfIT V - 6UJ1>c ~w (i - 511/: r?Atir ~~ - 13&JRX/</Ot/TCRJp f-.. v' PG4T: 8 v Fig. 16 . Site 50-10-37-7624 Plan View 45 State Site #: Site Type: Age: . Function: Features (#): Dimension: 50-10-37-7628 Stone Alignment Prehistoric Trail 1 ''>1;; .CSH Site'#: N/A,. .: ;~ ~... Description: State site 50-10-37-7628 is a stepping stone trail constrnctedin ~a'a la~a with, . pahoehoe slabs as stepping stones. An observable intact portion of the trail,within the .. present project area measures approximately 34.8 m. (t15.0ft.). Whe:r::e the;trail~s still,in:faif conditiqn construction .consists of pahoehoe slabs laid,into the 'a'a so that.tliey are flu$h .with the sfu-rounding terrain. However,forthe most paItthe stepping stones have been dislodged and the trail has become barely discemable though its general course i.s traceable by the occasional pahoehoe slab and slightly trodden appearance of the a'a lava. . '. . Thettail is'orientedn.orth-northwest bys6uth-southeast.Bas~d'6n PWviop.s research . . (Hammatt arid Folk' 198(ly trail site -7628 probably co:r:iIiected Keauhou'BayWith the ti.'plan~ tO~he southeast, presumably the HonalolKainaliu area~' ",.' ..... ..... , The depiction of trail -7628 on' the project area map (Fig. 4) is the generally'traceable. orientation of the trail which gets impacted by a bulld.ozer track in the ' central portion of.the project area. The trail was untraceable to the south'.ofthis point due'to buUdozili.g,wall construction (State site 50-10-37-7607) and ~ore illlPortantly the terrain changes tb '. pahOehOe. The pahoehoe terrain. negates~he necessity for stepping stones an.dthus the' trail route could not be followed. In the northwestern portion of the project area, which is a'a lava, the trail becomes indistinct, however, an mtaCt stepping stone section of trail -7628 is preserved within the adjacent 4th Nine of the Kona Country Club, further to the' northwest or closer to Keauhou Bay. State Site #: Site Type: Age: Funct!on: Features (#): Dimension: Description: State site 50-10-37-7633 is a stepping stone trail situated approximately 12.1 m. (40.0 ft.) from state site 50-10-37-7634. The trail has sections constructed with level pahoehoe slabs as stepping stones. The trail of stepping stones stops at pahoehoe fingers but are present once over the pahoehoe fmger and back onto the 'a'a. The trail can be traced, intermittently, to an area of numerous modified depressions. The most visible and intact portion of the trail measures 43.1 m. (143.0 ft.) long. 50-10-37-7633 Stone alignment Prehistoric Trail 1 CSB Site #: 'N/A ,":<' 46 State Site #: Site Type: Age: FunctiQn: Features (#): Dimension: 50-10-37 -7634 Terraces Prehistoric H.apitatioR 2 _ 22"50.0 m.2 (24206.4-ft.2) CSH Site #: 6 Descriptio~: ',State site 5'O-10.-37-7634(CSH 6) (Figllre 11) consists of two terraces located Qn a makai-sloping, moderately steep "ata flow. The vegetation is sparse and consists of grasses and Christmas berry -shrubs. , ". . , ' Feature A is' a poorly preserved,'rectangular paved terrace measuring 10.0 to 15.0 m. (32.8 to 49.2 ft.) N/S by'32.0 to 37.0 m:(105.0 to 121.4 ft.) NW/SW. On three sides it is flush with the surrounding surface. Some facing is observed on the makai side. " ~ _ COJ?t.igribus to the southeast corner"pf FeatUre 'A,is a smaller paved terrace constructed of boulde~. The ~outhwest edge of this terrace ,is five upright boulders in alignment. This bouider: terr~ce is separated' from the rest of Feature A by a natural ridge of pahoehoe. The outcrop appears' to'have been utilized during construction. .'.^ Fea~ Bis)o~ated 24.0 m.(78.7 ft.) nort:p,~northwest of Feature A. Feature B is a square-shaped terrace:with sides measuring 10.0 m. (32.8 ft.) in length. A height of 1.4 m. (4.6 ft.) is measured at the southwest face. The interior surface of the terrace is level cobbles and contrasts greatly with the surrounding, steeply sloping 'a'a flow. The mauka side is flush with the natural topography while the remaining thtee sides have been built up to complete the terrace. The terrace is generally in poor condition, ahd only a portion of the makai wall is faced. The only cultural material observed were two large marine shells, otherwise no artifacts or midden were observed. The condition of the site is poor and excavation potential is also considered poor. State Site #: Site Type: Age: Function: Features (#): Dimensions: 50-10-37-7669 Terrace Prehistoric Habitation 1 42.0 m.2 (451.9 ft.2) CSH Site #: N/A Description: State site 50-10-37-7669 (Figure 12) is a terrace located in mixed terrain of soil and pahoehoe outcrop. Vegetation consists mainly of grass, koa haole, and kiawe. The site is L-shaped and has a paved interior. A soil area lies within the L, and is level with the east edge of the terrace. Facing was observed on the north and south edges of the terrace, and measures 0.8 m. (2.6 ft.) in height. The west edge of the terrace tumbles downslope. The terrace measures 8.0 m. (26.2 ft.) long N/S by 6.0 m. (19.7 ft.) wide. A small constructed cupboard was observed in the southwest corner of the site. 47 r , 1 1 -.-, o c"'l%', , ! L_. L [ r L L l L ,,----C C) [ [ [ r L f L [ r ("'~ "~--r l r . Feature B ()fI ~ .r- ..r- True North ~ Feature A ~... [ .65] ~':". """ ... . , O. 5 10 meters .. Legend Surface Depression 0" P' c::& Exposed Bedrock Boulder Facing Pavement [.9] ~ /// Surface Feature Height (meters) Direction of Slope SoU s Fig. 17 Site 50-10-37-7634 Plan View 48 ~A 14 m~ters @ . . '" .- 86' to ins~t box below . LO . 6 ] True North ~ o .1 2 3. 4 meters Legend' . '. [0.5] Surface Feature Height (meters) [.9] /// ;- Pavement Direction of Slope -'~~,', ";';;',~..-.'~'.'~' Fig. 18 Site 50-10-37-7669 Plan View 49 01 '-, ! u r.l LJ ,; [1 r [' L l c5 [ [ [ r l l [ C~ Testing Results A one meter square test unit was excavated at state site 50-10-37-7669 (Figure 13). The test unit is located along the south side of the structure. The unit was excavllted in four stratigraphic layers: the terrace construction, stratum I, stratum II, and stra,tumIII The terrace construction consists of well stacked, interlocking, large pahoehoe boulders and cobbles. In the northwest side of the unit the uprights and cap stones of the constructed cupboard were well constructed into the terrace construction fill. The t.errace construction is 30 to 55 cm thick with the thickness increasing on the downslope (western) side of the trench. No cultural material was observ~d within the terrace construction. . Stratum I is a dark, reddish-brown, sandy-loam-intermixed with pebbles, cobbles and small boulders from the terrace construction. This stratunicontains abundant organic material. (rootlets, dead grass, and leaves). Stratum I is the more. recent filtration of soil and material down through the terrace construction. This stratigraphic unit is 6 to 20 em thick, 'again the thickness increases to the downslope (western) sic:le of the tre~ch. One basalt flake, one volcanic glass flake, and a small amount of marine shell and kukui nut shell midden were recovered from stratum 1. . Stratum II is a lighter, more reddish, fine-grained, sandy-loam containing pebble, cobble and boulder inclusions. More abundant cultural material was recovered from this stratigraphic unit, consisting of basalt flakes, volcanic glass flakes, and a substantial amount of marine shell and kukui nut shell midden. This stratigraphic layer represe,nts the main cultural layer associated with the use of site 50-10-37-7669. Stratum II is a maximum 45 em thick. Stratum III consists of culturally sterile, dark, reddish-bro'wn, fine silt. This stratum rests directly on the underlying bedrock and consists primarily of decomposed bedrock. Stratum III is 2-5 cm thick. The overall maximum depth of the test unit was 90 em. The terrace structure is built on this stratum and thus Stratum III predates construction and utilization of site -7669 terrace. A charcoal sample recovered from Stratum II was sent to Beta Analytic Inc. for radio- carbon isotope dating. The resulting date was 150 years, +/- 60, before prese:p.t. This date and the results of the test unit would indicate that site 50-10-37-7669 was a habitation structure dating form the late prehistoric or early historic. State Site #:. Site Type: Age: Function: Features (#): Dimensions: 50..10-37-7670 Enclosure Prehistoric Habitation 1 56.0 m.2 (602.5 ft.2) eSB Site #: N/A Description: State site 50-10..37..7670 is located on gently sloping terrain that has been disturbed by bulldozing. The vegetation consists of tall grass. The site boundary was difficult to determine due to high, thick grasses and the occurrence of other rock mounds or natural outcroppings in the area. 50 (' ' I L D' > eo ~ 'f'o .> I o c..Y'V\. , j L. () L_ ~~N r' I L )..0 r Sill. :c r I l 40 ......./ - I" ...... i /..... G1R .N. B6P,ftJC-K r l l (~ ./ [ r [ I I ~ 6m.If 80 laJ . .\ I " ,., ~ <~ '.;-" Platform - 0 to 30/55 cmbs. - Platform construction Material - Boulders and Cobbles Stratum I - 30/55 to 45/80 cmbs. - 5YR 3/2 Dark Reddish-Brown Sandy Loam: Post Abandonment Filtered Material with High Organic Content Stratum II - 45/80 to 80/87cmbs. - 5YR 3/3 Dark Reddish-Brown Sandy Loam, Main Cultural Layer, Base of Structure IIIIII interface Stratum III - 80/87 to 90 cmbs. - 5YR 3/4 Dark Reddish Brown Silt, Culturally Sterile, Predates Structure Fig. 19 Site 50-10-37-7669 Test Unit 1 Profile, Northwest Face c 51 Fig. 20 ....4 7%lr ~ 0.... I ..., 1""l. 1 . ," 7 . EJ --r?fCIH~ . ~ - ~/dvruw:' " ;. .' ;1 Site 50-10-37-7670 Plan View 52 The enclosure is roughly oval in shape. The north wall of the enclosure is . discontinuous,with :g.p observable facing. The southeast wall is faced'to a height of 0.8 m. (2.6 ft.). The southwest portion of the enclosure wall is in very poor condition the majority of which is collapsed. Outcrop completes the enclosure to the northeast. An opening to t4e enclosure is observed in the north wall and is approximately 1.0 m. (3.3 ft.) wide. The enclosure measures 8.0 m. (26.2 ft.) NE/SW by 4.8 m. (15.7 ft.) NW/SE. The site is in poor condition and there is no excavation potential. State Site #: Site Type: Age: Function: Features (#): Dimension: 50-10-37-7671 Platform Prehistoric Probable burial/possible shrin~ 1 ' 20.0 m.2 (215.2 ft.2) CSH Site #: N/A ~t Description: State site 50-10-37-7671 (Figure 14)'is a two-tiered, rectangula,r platform located on the west side of a shallow, natural gully on a south facing (makai) slope. The vegeta,tion is thick and consists of tall grass and lioa haole. The platform is located 50.0 m. (164.0 ft.) southeast of state site 50-10-37-7669. The platform measures 4.0 m. (13.1 ft.) N/S by 5.0 m. (16.4 ft.) EIW and.is constructed of pahoehoe boulders and cobbles. Facing was observed on all sides. of this rectangular platform. The sides of the platform are constructed of large, well-stacked boulders and the surface of. both tiers of the platform are well paved with basalt cobbles. The eastern two--thirds of the platform. :;urface consists of a raised tier. The edge of this tier forms a semi -circle bending around to the east. There is a cupboard constructed in the center of the upper tier. This space may. also be part of a crypt (where a cap stone has been removed). On the west side of the platform, boulders have been stacked on top of pahoehoe outcrop. These boulders create a sharp edge to the south-southwest and form. a ramp-like slope from the top of the platform to the surrounding ground surface. The east side . of the platform is slightly collapsed. No midden or artifacts were obserVed. The site is in good condition and the excavation potential is considered good. 53 C)j LJ rU-l LJ r1 LJ c [ L L -c5 [ r r [: l [ ( ".-"..... C . --I [.45] [.65] [.50] Possible Crypt. or .Cup?oard [~40] [1.1] I , , " , 1_/ - \ ~r\J~[}/ ,. ...../,':' True Legend North t"f~...J o 1 me t e r s Exposed Bedrock Boulder Facing Surf'ace Depression Surf'ace F811Wre Height (meters) ~~ ~ ~..I. (.91 Pavement / // Fig. 14 Site 50-10-37-7671 Plan View 54 , '. State Site #: Site Type: . Age: Function:~' Features (#): Dimensions: 50-10-37-7682 .. ''Site Complex Prehistoric M ulti:.;function 2 <,384.0 m.2 (4131.2 ft.2) CSH Site #: N/A Description: State site,50-10-37-76B2 (Figure 15) is' a two-feature site consisting of an impressive 'modified outcrop and a terrace. Thesitejs directly makai of the present golf course. Feature A is a terrace' which consists of three levels of paving built contiguously to a high, steep-sided pahoehoe bluff. The three levels of terracing, given numerical designation for descriptive purposes) are all similarly constructed ofpahoohoe boulders, ranging in size , from small to large. < . . Levell is,the lowest level and is constructed off of the south end of the bluff. This level is' narrow and low, with a,maximum height of 0.7 m. (2.3 ft.). Levell is J-shaped and measures approximately 7.'5 m/(24.6 ft.) E/W With a maxifuum width 2.0 m. (6.6' ft.). Level 2, tne middle level, skirts the entire'makai fadng edge of the bluff. Level 2 abuts Level 1 to the north. This terrace exhibits excellent'vertical stackihg, with a maximum height of 1.7 m. (5.6 ft.) measured above the ground surface and 1.1 m. (3.6 ft.) above the surface of Levell. Level 2 is primarily paved with, ~mall boulders and contributes the greatest area to the feature.,This level measures 10.0 m. (32.8 ft.) N/S with lengths ranging from 2.0 to 4.0 m. (6.6 to 13.1 ft.) E/W. Level 3 is a small circular paving at the top of the bluff. The paving measures approximately 2.5 ni. (8.2 ft.) in diameter and is bordered with large boulders. The entire feature is in fair to poor condition. The best preserved section is on the southwest side (makai, facing-away from the golf course) and the poorer sections are the northwest and northeast sides where tumbling or bulldozing may have disturbed the feature. Feature B is a narrow terrace located approximately 8.0 m. (26.2 ft.) west of the outcrop bluff. The feature connects to state site 50-10-37-7~87 approximately 15.0 m. (49.2 ft.) north. No artifacts or midden observed. The site is in fair to poor condition and excavation potential is poor. 55 r I I : LJ O'.~".! , LJ rl LJ [1 [~ [ L L (5 [ [ [ r L l l [ ('~" '4 b Feature B ~ I " "":.N~'-:""'-:".'/"":~ "~ Legend Level 2 .[ 1.1] True North I '~.' . . . . . 1 o 1 2" ~~_ ~e_~~_~ s Golf, Course Level 3 '. Golf Course ;; Gol.f_ Course .' ExposedBedroclt dI- I, '\ Direction of slope Surface Feature Height (meters) {.9] Pavement /// Fig. 15 Site 50-10-37-7682 Plan View fifi -< ">'''''~~-.--''-'.~ State Site #: Site Type: Age: Function: Features (#): Dimension: eSB Site #: N/A 50-10-37-7687 Terrace Prehistoric Agriculture 1 52.5 m.2 (564.8 ft.2) Description: State site 50-10-37-7687 (Figure 16) is an agricultural terrace located on a makai sloping pahoehoe terrain approximately 15.0m. (49.2 ft.) north-northwest of state site 50-10-37-7682. The vegetation consists of tall guinea grass, koa haole, and monkey pod trees. The terrace measures 7.5 m. (24.6 ft.) N/S by 7.0 m. (23.1 ft.) E/W and is roughly constructed of piled pahoehoe boulders an.d,. cobbles. There is a remilant alignment in the north section of the terrace which,runs perperidicular'to the slope. This alignment marks the' upper, level section of the terrace. Down sl()pe Qf this alignment, the boulders and cobbles have tuinbled to the soil..ar~a 'beloW"..~:' ': /,;",;.: '~ This terrace'is'lik~~y'a1'! agriGP}tural feature and apparently is effective in collecting soil. There is still. a .n,oticeable level soil area up slope from the terrace, but no midden or artifacts were' observ~d., The site is in fair condition an<l has fair excavatioh potential. ".., . ".'. ". " : State Site #: Site Type: Age: Function: Features (#):. Dimensions: ,,50-10:37-7688' Mound Prehistoric ' Agriculture 1 ...>'~' eSB Site #: N/A Description: State site 50-10..7688 is a'roughly rectangular mound situated on the southern slope of gully. The site measures 4.~ ni. (16:0 ft.) by 5.5 m. (18.0 ft.) with a maximum height of 0.9 m. (3.0 ft.). There are other less 'distinct, ,~ut ~imilar features in the vicinity. State Site #: Site Type: Age: ",Function: . Features (#): Dimensions: 50-10-37-7803 Site complex Prehistoric Multi-function. (permanent .habitation). . 6 '2 2 1125.0 m. (12103.2 ft. ) eSB Site #: N/A -'.,-' ....- ..-....;_..." ...... Description: State site 50-10-37-7803 (Figure 17) is a multi-component site comprised of an enclosure, a terrace platform, and four other terraces with enclosed soil areas. The site is located on a gentle southwest (makai) trending slope in pahoehoe terrain. The vegetation consists of tall guinea grass and koa haole. 57 f' ! L~.. I L .r">) ('-.~ ' I ! L r L [ l [ t r l C'; l r r l I I I (~>~ -1 I ') " Fig. 16 SOIL Leyel Boulder . Pavement ()6~~/O / f Terra~~:~ontinues If. South to S8 7682 with Less ~ormal Construction .' True North " o , 2.. meters Legend Exposed Bedrock ~... \.:., ~ ~, i Boulder Facing Direction of Slope Surface Feature Height (Dieters) (.91 //// f1 ' : ',; ./ " ", { ( . \ \ ::....J Pavement Site 50-10-37-7687 Plan View 58 ... . ~~.. [0. 8 ] ~r~t: Fea1>ure D ,. -a>.. ~ "'r. 0.4: [0.7] ~ Fea1>ure F . ':Jj~1f o ~ . ...t. . , o..~ . ~ . I ,. 0.' Y~:l' · ~~ Feature E . ..A [0.6] Feature A- Main Platform True North [0. 6 ~/ Fea ture B '<t? ;- , . . ~. - L . . . I o . 5 10 meters Legend Exposed BedrOck .(~ ,. Direction or Slope Sutface Feature Height (meters) [.9] Pavement /// Fig. 17 Site 50-10-37-7803 Plan View 59 I I L () I L__. L [ :; r- I r [ [ ..---\ C_) [ r r [ I I I C'.,' ~'1 Feature A is a linear terrace withtwo tiers and contiguous enclosed soil areas. It..is constructed of basalt boulders and cobbles. The long axis of the terrace is oriented N/S. ..; Feature a measures 15.0 m. (49.2 ft.) N/S by 5.0 m. (16.4 ft.) E/W. The wall heights range from 0..6 m. (2.0 ft.) on the west edge to 1.2 m. (3.9 ft.) lrigh on the north edge~. T.he upper tier is located off the east side of the main terrace an,d meaSures 4.0 m. (13:1 ft.) from the north edge. In the northeast corner of this upper tier is a constructed cupboard measuring 0.4 m. (1.3 ft.) in depth. . There are two enclosed soil areas along the east edge of the main terrace. The south soil area has enclosure walls measuring 1.1 m. (3.6 ft.) high. The other soil area utilizes an outcrop to complete the enclosure to the east. The north edge of this. platform..is well-faced to the west. Fellture A was probably an agricultural featUre as the terrace appears to have held soil for planting. Between Features AandC there is aIevel strip of soil. No midden or artifacts were observed. Feature B is a small terrace consisting of a conceptrlltio:p. Of cobbles and boulders located approXimately 12.0 :m. (39.4 ft.) eaSt ()f.Feature A. The feature measures 5.0 ~. (16.4 ft.) N/Sby 2.5 m. (8.2 ft.) E/W with the wall heights averagirig 0.6 Ill. (2.0 ft.). The walls have no facing present. A soil area is located mauka of this terrace. Feature B is in poor condition, with little formality in its construction. This is probably an agricultural feature, with the terrace constructed to hold soil mauka for planting. Feature C is a terrace located 5.0 m. (16.4 ft.) east of Feature A. The terrace measures 13.0 m. (42.6 ft.) NIB by 5.5 m. (18.0 ft.) E/W. Similar to 'Feature A, Feature C has two tiers. Feature C is, however, more collapsed than FeatureA. It is constructed of basalt boulders and cobbles. The northwest side of the upper tier is well-faced to a height of 0.75 m. (2.5 ft.), and the lower tier is also faced along the entire length of the downslope edge with a maximum height of 1.2 m. (3.9 ft.). A small square platform is ,located on the southeast corner of the terrace. This platform sec,tioh partially encloses the soil area up slope of ~rrace. The sides of the platform measure approximately 2.5 m. (8.2 ft.) in length and the platform surface is 0.75 m. (2.5 ft.) above the main terrace surface. Several pieces of coral were observed on the platform. FeatureC is possibly a religious structure due to the raised platform and numerous coral pieces <;>bserved in association with the feature. Feature D is a square enclosure located approximately 5.0 m. (16.4 ft.) north of, Feature C and approximately 15.0 m. (49.2 ft.) makai6r'the golf course. The enClosure is constructed of small to medium pahoehoe boulders. The east (mauka) and south walls are high ~d weV-fac~d in sections. CoUai>se4~.~ctionsare' also observed. The Il.orth aI).d west (makai) w~lls':are lowera~cl.e~l>itpoorervertical facing. A br~alt in the west wall,A~ar the southwestcoI'l;Ler, is a. pos,sible eb.trance.Th~; enclosuremeas,w;es 8.0 m.. (26.2 ft.) N/S by.7.5 m. (24.6 ft.) E/W with a maximum vertical height of 1.4 m. (4.6 ft.). No midden or artifacts were observed. The enclosure may have functioned either as a habitation or an animal pen. The feature is in fair to poor condition with a fair excavation potential. 60 Feature E is a rough terrace constructed of piled boulde~ and cobbles. The dimensions of this feature are 6.0 ID. (19.7 ft.) N/S py 4.5 m. (14.8 ft.) E/W. There is no facing to this structure.' ,. . No midden -or artifacts wer~. observed~ Thist~J*a~e is probably an agricultural feature. The feature is in poor conditi?n with-the.e~cavatioi1 potential being poor. FeatureF is an irregularly shaped ter~ace located approximately 5.0 m. (16.4 ft.) west (makai) of Featu.re D. Feature F is io.o m. (32.8 ft.) N/S by 4.0 m. (13.1 ft.) E/W. Construction is of pahoehoe . boulders -and' cobbles. An L-shaped boulder alignment lies on the surface of the tetrace and extends'makai c.w~st) off the terrace heading toward Feature E. Between Features F and D is a level area of soil. . No midden or artifacts- were observed.Tl;Us feature is in poor condition and no facing is observed. The feature probably was used fot agri~ultur~. The excavation potential for this feature is considered poor. '. This si,te possiOly repres~nts the only well defined permanent" habitation site within the project area.The(eature~appear ,to represent individual components of an integrated prehistOric habitationsite. State Site lI: Site Type: . Age: Function: Features (lI): Dimensions: eSB Site #: 5 50-10-37-18429 Site Complex Prehistoric Temporary habitation 2. 128.0 m.2 (1377.1 ft.2) Description: State site 50-10-37- (CSH 5) (Figure 18) consists of two features along the steep edge of a large bedrock outcrop inside a wide~ shallow gully. The vegetation consists of koa haole and guinea grass. Feature A is a modified overhang shelter which extends into the outcrop. Feature B is a small platform located to the northeast of the overhang. Feature A has interior measurements of 4.6 m. (15.1 ft.) NE/SW by 2.6 m. (8.5 ft.) NW/SE with a maximum ceiling height of 1.2 m. (3.9 ft.). The interior of the overhang is littered with goat bones and some charcoal. No artifacts were observed. At the mouth of the overhang severai boulders have been piled to. ~lightly enclose th~ entrance. To the north west of the cave ~ntrari.ce- is a modified depression. :One se~tio:D. of the walls of the depression has been built up with stacked bouldersandcobble$ fOrming a.well faced area. This. is likely an agricultural feature. There are other depressions to the north and northwest of this one, however, they are not so obviously modified, probably many are agricul tural features as well. 61 I ) , ! LJ OJ U Ii L [-'I ___J L [ , I [ r ...J" (1 ~ [ I [ I [ I [ I c.1 \ .' Fig. 18 \ \ - I >.\ ~\\- -, / I -Feature A .......\ Legend Exposed Bedrock Surface Feature Height (meters) Subsurf'aceIOverlumg Height (meters) Direction of Slope ~Concenb:ation c:- [.9] (2.8) ~ M Pa.,ement (am. co~ble(pebbleunl~ o~rwiaello~ /// Site 50-10-37-18429 Plan View 62 Feature B True North ~ fa 1 2 3 4" meters .; Feature B is 8.0 m. (26.2 ft.) to tl~e northeast of the cave entrance is a small platform constructed of cobbles and boulders. This low platform is well faced in the north and west sides. NO,midden or artifacts were observed at Feature B. The platform surface is roughly paved with boulders. The site including both features measures 16.0 m. (52.5 ft.) E/W.by 8.0 m. (26.2 ft.) N/S. This site is likely a recun-ent use shelter associated with the surrounding agricultural features. The site is in' fair condition With a fair excavation potential. State Site #: Site Type: Age: Function: Features (#): Dimension: CSH Site #: 9 50~10-37 -18430 Site Complex Prehistoric Habitation! Agriculture . '3 Description: State site 50-.10-37~18430 (Fig. 19) consists of three ten-aces located on a steeply sloping, grassy hillside. Bulldozing disturbance in the area is noted and one feature in particular (Feature B) has been heavily disturbed by the bulldozing. Feature A is the largest feature of this site. This terrace is constructed of pahoehoe boulders, small to large. The surface of the feature is neither level nor cobble paved and generally slopes downward. Several depressions, either post holes or cupboards are observed, but they are not very distinct. One section of cobble paving is observed on the mauka (east) edge of the terrace, where the terrace surface' abuts the level soil area. Feature A measures 12.0 m. (39.4 ft.) long N/S by 8.0 m. (26.2 ft.) wide E/W. Facing is observed on the north, west, and south edges with a maximum height measuring 1.4 m. (4.6 ft.) high. A boulder alignment extends mauka (east) approximately 3.5 m. (11.5 ft.) off the northeast corner of the terrace and measures 1.7 m. (5.6 ft.) wide. No artifacts or midden were observed. Feature A is in fair to poor condition. Excavation potential is fair. This terrace is considered a habitation feature. Feature B is another terrace which has been heavily disturbed on the west side by bulldozing activity. Lqrge ,scarred. bouJ.ders.have.been pushed or piled on to this feature. Feature B is located 12.0 m. (39.4 ft.) northeast of Feature A and measures 16.0 m. (52.5 ft.) long N/S by 8.0 m. (26.2 ft.) wide E/W. Disturbance of this feature makes determination of its function difficult, but it is likely to have served a function similar to Features A. Feature C is another terrace located 4.0 m. (13.1 ft.) east of Feature B. This feature is linear and runs E/W. This terrace is nan-ower than the other features and thus may have served an alternative function to habitation--possibly agricultural. Feature C measures 16.0 m. (52.5 ft.) long E/W by 4.0 m. (13.1 ft.) wide N/S. No facing is observed but the stacking is approximately 1.2 m. (3.9 ft.) above the ground surface on the makai side. The mauka side is level with the s~rounding soil. This feature may be a retaining ten-ace and the soil section between Features C and B may be a planting area. 63 f I L. C) -- L_ r L [ [' r [ [: d [ r r [ l 1 ! (~' ~l True North ~ ~ o 2 4 meters / r /Feature B ~. , 0,- J 0:/0.. ~oo:- ~o8 c . Legend Surface Feature Height (met4ms) [.9] Direction of Slope '/// ~ .J Pavement Fig. 19 Site 50-10-37-18430 Plan View 64 \ Oth~r sm,alle!i,J~.l~gn~~~t.~ c9tlt~nu~ ~kq,i of fe~.ture A but appear to be agricultural terraces. This entin~ site ,is, probably a habitation compl~x but as noted above, bulldozing activity in t~e'area,'hA~, done ~:lftensiv~ ~aIDaie tot~eJeatures of this complex. " Testing R~su1ts ~uW:~ary , - 'Limited 'sub--s~rfac~ testih{was coriducted at t~ee sites. -7601. Feature C. 7623, and - 7669 (See individual site descriptions). Site -7601 is interpreted to be a pennaJ;lent habitation complex with Feature qb~ipg a.lava ~ube. Site -7623 is interpreted to be a temporary hab~t~tion .siteconsisting of a lava t-qbe and associated surface pavements. Site- 7669 is, interpreted to be a tempoI:ary habitation' site consisting ora faced and paved terrace structure. ' The excavation at -7601C consisted of a .5 meter by .5 meter unit within the lava tube. Two stratigraphic layers. Stra.tum.I and II were revealed. Stratum I consisted of a loose matrix of ash-enriched silt loam around boulders. cobbles, and pebbles. Midden associated ~th Stratum I, including swface collection. amol!D.ted to 534 grams of which 436.3 grams . was kukui nut endocarps and 97.6 grams werema$e shell midden. Also recovered with surface and Stratum I design;1tion were two (2) volcarrlc glass flakes and three (3) basalt flakes, one of which had a polished surface. Stratum 'II consisted o(the same ash-enriched silt loam but contained only a small percentage of rocks. The midden component associated with Stratum II amounted to 243.2 grams of which 148.8 grams were kukui nut endocarps and 94.4 grams of marine shell midden. Artifacts recovered with Stratum IT designation included four (4) volcanic glass flakes and one (1) basalt flake. This lava tube was tested previously (Hammatt. Folk. and Ida 1981). However, charcoal samples taken at that time were not analyzed. A charcoal sample collected from the , lowest provenience (15-25 cmbs) during the present testing yielded a "modem" C13 adjusted age. The modem date indicated the degree to which the cave sediments have been disturbed by rain runoff and artifact hunters. However, the quant~ty and type of midden and artifacts present clearly indicat.e pre-historic utilization of the cave. probably in association with the adjacent platfonns(Featur~s A and B) which appear to offer excellent excavation potential. Site ,-7623 testing consisted of a 1 meter by .5 meter unit excavated within the boulder and cobble pavement fronting the lava tUge. The excavation revealed two stratigraphic units. Strata I and II. Stratum I consists of the rock structure of the pavement which was approximately 55 centimeters thick. A single large opihi she,!l recovered from the rock fill. Stratum II consisted of loose. very fine, silt loam sediment ~lllch resulted from filtration through the rock pa~~g. Stratum ,II cont~ned no culturaJ. material. The virtual absence of midden and 'artifacts, suggest that the site may have been utilized for other purpo~es (Le., storage. work area) besides temporary habitation. Testing at Site -7669 consisted of a one-meter square trench excavated into the southern side of the' terrace. The test,unit was excavated in four stratigraphic layers. rock structure, and Strata I, II, and III. 65 qi [J ri L r L [ L () [ [ [ [ l l [ (_.~ ~! The terrace construction is 30 to 55 cm. thick with the thickness increasing on,the downslope side of the trench. No cultural material was observed within, the terrace construct.ion. Stratum I, (6 to 20 cm. thick) consists of a darkt reddish-brown, sandy-silt intermixed with pebblest cobbles and small boulders from the terrace construction. It, contains abundant rootlets, dead grass, and leaves and is the more recEmtfiltration of soil and material down through the terrace construction. " Recovered within Stratum I provenience was a small amount of mail,nesheUmiddenc (2.9 gms) kukui nut endocarps (4.0 gms), 1 basalt flake, and one volcanic gl~s flake. ~tratum II consists of a matrix' of reddish brow~ sandy-silt around pebbles,cobbles and small boulders. It contained a moderate amount (23.4 gms) Qfmarine shell midden; kukui shell endocarps (8.4 gms), 7 volcanic glass flakest one basalt flake and one a basalt file fragment. Stratum. III represents the underlying culturally sterile soil (dark reddish'broWn silt). Stratum III was.,from 2 to 5 centimeters thick and lies directly on the bedrock surface. A charcoal sample was collected from Stratum II and sent to Beta Analytic for analysis. The C13 adjusted date range from 150+60 RP. which is calibrated (Klein et al.) to A.D. 1645 to 1950. Though the chronological range extends into modern times the midden and artifact content and site type indicate a late pre-historic habitational usage. 66 .. .;~;;, ~ "E Q) ~ E "5 ~ a. --C' ~ (I) (I) ,:! (I) ~ ~ .~ J ~ ~. ~ .~ ~ Q) CD. ..~ ,!g. ~ <<l E '. 0:::: r::: '"" ,; l;:: I!:!!!jll!l!:\:il\:! . '. . .;.;.:.:.;.;.;.:.:.:.:.;.; I', "" :::::~:~~~~~~~ :g > '.m ~ l3 :g J ] I ] 1i .~, ] I ~ ~ ~. ,.' ljll $ 'ljll ~' ,~ 'ljll ~ > -> > > I'" 0 C') ~ ~ I'-: df U! ',~ Ol C\l U! ~ 'It M 0 C\l T"" 9 .... .~ 0 N 0 ~- ~ j1~:~:;:~:~~~:~~;~~~~ ,>. "- r I ". .,..... : :,i- (II C'! U! (t) 'C'! co ..... C') ~. ~ "~ 10 Co co CO) ~ , :':', ':.:.:-:.:.:.:.:. ::." ;::::::::::::::: 0 0 0 0 ci 0 ci 0' d :~;;: :~;~:~;~:~~:~:; 0 0 .. < 0 ;:' . ::~;:::::~:~: , I' I.;: .: ....~:...:...:.;... .. , :.;.:.:.:..,;.;.:,.:.:::- I .' -. ,-, "-"-,' '. ie;... .. ,. 0 .0 .~ ; 10 q ~ q "~ ..... .~ co .~ ..~ .r: ',~ S N T"" ..... ...,. ..,:,..... j:::: .Q T"" .... ~ ... '0 '0 .. ~ ". I. '. .'. : : ::::;:::::;~::~:;::::~: L ... - '. ....... ~ -0 I'-: I'- "<I; ~ u'! C') .... ~ .q Lq U! ~ "<I; ~ ....... N "7 .... T"" N q .... T"" T"" .,..,. T"" :.:.:.:-;.:-;. ~~~~j~m1~~~[~~i~~~~ .... T"" .... " .' I- '. r'-- "7 .... .... :.- (II C\l .... T"" .... T"" .... ;llli ~ ~ .~ ~ 10 ~ ~ ~ ~ -g -g -g .... lb cp ~ ~ lb II) 0 2 ~ ~ T"" .... 'It 'It :;:;:::::;:;:;:::;:;:::;:: '.' .....................:...:. ::::::::::::::.: . ..... :::::::::~:::: ~:;::::j\::!::11111 - -,. = = = - - . , == = . I.. " - - ." .. .- ~ .B '" .a .a ;::" . :::::~;:. : ~ .... ~ <<l <<l ~ 't: ~ .... 'C ~t ~\I~~ :[ .,..,. .> ~ ... ~ ~. ~ "'= 1= 1= 1= ..~..........., 't: ~ 1t~~mt~]t 1= .......................... ::::::::::;;:::::::::::::: '......................... ;:.:.:.:.:.~.:.:':.:.:-:.: ;: II.illlllllllll . () q q q q ,9 q q Ol $ 0> 0> 01 ., C; C; ~ ~ g ~ C; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ co co le " I'- l"- t.>- l"- I'- :~: ~:~: ~:i: ~: ~ :~~:~: ~ :;: ~ 1:lllil~lllll: '. T"" C\l C') 'It II) to I'- co Ol ~ T"" ~ t') ..... .... .......................... ..;;..;..... tj o 'is .1 0. ~ .tS .,.. .... ~ ~ ..~ ~ ~ ! .;Q ~ 'It o .... 9990l ~ ~ ~~. ~i :" ,..., I'- ..st '::::;::';i:;:':'::::: .' .Q' ":':':':"':'5'; C\I t'jl ..,.. ~; IIIIIIIFS 6 P 9 67 ~a . . :>" 'iI i .f .~ ..~ II ~ ,j 'i .~. .'~ ",.In II .l( ""'" '0'\' ~ P. ."<<i ..... cU .~ ~ !. g ~,;'~ ~;:i ~ ~ Sl~ C) ~. ~"d ~>.,i.'. 1a ~:;:~ ..;Q... ::sI. ~."~ . ~ 'CJ') '''1''01 t.) Q1 L [ 1-' r [ L [ () [ 1~~~~~~~~~~ :::~~:::::: ~l~~~~~j~~ ~~~~~jj~; :::~:;:~:: I 0 It"l ~ {', ,', 0.: ~ ::~:: ci 0 .... ~*f~r l(') c::\ :.:-:.:.;.;. .; ;.( l~l '" CI $ ::::::~:::: .. "8 .+ ~~~~~~~~~~ 0 ::E It"l - ;:~:~ '" ~ : "I: u u : r [ r l f [ (0" "-1 { T~pl~;;$ MjatI(;)lle'3tal()~ C........U~]QF1AL~$tJa\fgy$HAWAlI p. R.OJEOT:...KEAU.'H.b...'IJ....... .,.., .c._ . f ,~, .>.~.,.' '". " ..... ;. .."....,' ,. .." State Sita # trebc:tl Depth cin)/$ti'a.tum :~~~)J~~@t@rl::ttt:a:tmt cellana sp: Conutisp. Cypraeacaputse~ntis CYPraea maClilifera UtlorinaSp. Nerit8 picea Nent,8 pOIita 1lI8iclida~ $P. ' 7~J-C ITl surface t~l~q TlJ 0-511 7~.i..c TTl 5-1SAI t~H~ lT1 15-25/IL 7623. t~ ,TIJ, 40-80 7~ , Tr:l 80-:/11 ' plat.fill. v. SUMMARY Within the overall project area a total of t~enty (20) sites were observed and recorded consisting of thirty~four (34) features~ Of the twenty (20) sites, eight are site complexes (comprised of more than one feature). The fe~tures ,consisted of t~rraces (15), alignments (4), platforms (4), en:closures (3), lava tubes (2); modified depr~ssions(l), mounds (1), pavements (1), rock shelters (1), walls (1) lava tube 'With pavement. . Site Summary Functional interpretations are broken d6wn intofotlr (4) categories which include, habitation, agricultural, transportation, and burial. Table 7 provides the numerical break down of sites by functional categories. . Table 6 Functional' Categories Functi()n Habitation Number Comments 11 Temporary (8), Permanent (3) 4 Does not include agricultural features within habitation ,~omI>lexes ,Poes n()t'!nclude.trail 'l601-,D t6 Confucied;,,'Wie~dy part of ,presety<:l,t!()Il program,~ona GountQ:~:'9ltih' (P<pq~~~~l~" Agriculture Transportation (Trails) Burial Habitation . "',", "~'_"" ,~:",":~:",:.,,:" :,',.,;' ';Y-:;:"~' :-;.;~:: ,:' ;~ ~,,_,; _'0_ _; . ;;'_._,,;, __, ,'" , "" :' _,~:;. ,",:_~;':;:;>'_ _,.:',", ,', .. '", 'A'~" Eleven(ll) sit~~<,are:<!nt.erpteted.~ ~vil:fghabi~atiofl a,~the ptim~fui1c~i(Bj}':might., <, . (8) of the eleveB,(ll)<h.~l>.ita,~ion s~tesat~<char~cteri2!:eda~ ~WP()rai'y.'habi.tation ~,~'tlfre~ (3} appear to r.epre~e~tpeITi.ia:q.~Ilt llabita~ion si~s;Nlof<.~eliaei~~~i.on sites ~e :pres'um,ed prehistoric<,,~th nol1i<stori~ habitation represented in the project area. , >> .'_, y, !_ ".~,.-'" ,", :J,,'''''':. . " , " The temporary habitation interpretation is based on size, constructi~n style, associations, correlations to previous archaeological work in Keauhou, North Kona, and extrapolation with tested sites in the present" project area. Site and lor feature types within the temporary habitation category include: terraces, platforms, pavements, a lava tube, a rock shelter, and an enclosure. Similar temporary habitation site/feature types have been recorded in Keauhou 2nd mauka (east) of the present project area (eg. Hammatt and Folk 1980; . Hammatt, Shideler, Borthwick 1985; Athens 1991; Butchard 1993). ExcavatioIiS within the existing 4th Nine Holes of the Kona Country Club, immediately upslope of the project area, specifically addressed habitation functional interpretations. Thus direct correlation of similar site types was utilized in the temporary and permanent habitation interpretations. 69 OJ u r1 LJ fl LJ [ 1.0 [ l d [ [ [ [ r l t [ ("'~ --"'! I I Tested terrace structures within the adjacent 4th Nine, of similar cOhstructioD...style 1;(>." '. site(s) -7634,,-7669, ,and -7682, interpr,etedas tempOrary habitation:Witliinth~pres~iitstudy::: ,~; area, included -7684, -7804, T101 and T104, Construction characteristics al1d-miiiini~J' .'.:: '.... amounts of recovered cultural materials were the main interpretiv~'and,co~elatihgfactbrs: for the temporary habitation funCtion (See Hammatt, Shideler" Borthwitk' 1985): . \" -' :,;>, :;;. I I , ! Project area platforms interpreted as~mp~:r~,ha.bitation\iIlclHlie ~762~Laild,-18429B: Tested platform sites within the~djacent4thNine.iIlclll~~d sites -1099~':5;o10096, and;..;10098. Based on the pauc!ty of remains and construction style te~pO:rary habitalion, or possibly" , agricultura~ rock clearing was the po~t excavation,.t\u1ctional interpr~tations'(lBid: 1985)., Enclosures' interpreted as temporary habitations within 'the p:resent study ~~a include _~' , -7624B and -7670. Excavated enclosures of similar size' and construction.style within' the' , adjacent 4th Nine included sites -7620, -7667, -76SlA temporary habitation. No cultural,,' material was recovered from -7620. Limited cultural remains were covered from sites. -7667 and -7681A and based on quantity ~~y~riety, as well as~maUsizes (25 m.2:and'30,m.2 respectively) temporary habitatIon \Vas the fun~~onal in~rP:reta.tiOD:S of these sites (Thtd' 1985). .~as~d oIl the sinlilar na~u:re of th~~~,si~s to the enclosures ;7624B. aild-7670\vithin the present project area, temporary habitation is the extrap<:>l~j;ed function. The lava tube, site -7623, and rock shelter, si~ 18429A, are typic8I of temporary habitation sites of this variety. The lava'tube (-7623)jsrelatively, short (16 meters) with a'- . low (maximum 0.7 met~rs) ceiling h~~ght, a pare ,bedrock floor, arid a payed,area froJlting the.. tube entrance. Thus, just the natural charl:lctert~ticsof the tube itself limits. functional occupation to temporary, whicl1. wa~further,reiJ:).forced by the testing of,th~. surface '. pavement which yielded minimal cultural material (see testing results site -7623). The rock shelter (site ~i8429A) has s~il~r naturallipritations of relatively small size and bare bedrock floor as oDservable. indicators of temporary habitation. Additionally, excavation results from~ave shelters and associated paved ::ireas, within theadjacent,4thNine of the Kona Country Club, were used in formulating thetemporazi' ha.bitatjoA'interpr~tation. Sites excavated of a similar nature included -7630, -7632, -7636,~7637, and -7638 (ffinnmatt, Shideler, Borthwick 19$5). Thus cOJ;Telatiooto tllese,five siteswasmte~in our interpretations for both sites -7623. and -18429 within the presen.tproject,area..;. ' The three permanent hapitationsites"areall multi.comP9nent sites(i.e~ si~ complexes). Two of th~ sites complexes, -7803an<<;1-18,430, iIiclude agxj.cultur~c()mpol;J,ent /,' features and are located.irt pahoehoe type lava irt. th~,southern half.:ofthe proje~t are'a. The' remaining permanent habitation sit~ (-7601) is also situated within pahoeh~l,~va;; and,-, consists ora.lava tube and assQCililt~d.surface feat1?es..,The~epermaIienthabitation sites. are spatially separated withtwo in the>mauka pahoehoe area (-780'3, ..18;430) and the other (... 7601) in the most makai area. . ) '1 r Cri,terial,ltili~~d. for tl;1~,,~:n:na.nent liabitationinterpretation include multiple feature comP9nepts.with habitation the m~n f~us. Site -7601 was interpreted,as'a possipl~ perman~nt hal>}tation ba.s~(l ()n the supstantilllQllantity of rn.iddehrecoveredfrom.the . lava tube -7601 C,and. the associated surface structure ~ 7601A andB.The associated surface;. structurec()nsists of two adjoining level terrace structures that contain. surface featwes, faced 70 depression$ (possibl~ hearths), and low walls defining separate teired levels. Thus the 'combined attributes, a iava tube with substantial cultural material and an associated surface structure with an area of ca. 93.5 m.2, were the main ,cr,iteria utilized in the permanent habitation interpretation. . .. . . Sites -7803 and -18430 are 'also multi-featured complexes with permanent habitation the main focus. Besides the multi-component criterion, additional criteria include cupboards, (-7803 and -18430.), possible postholes (-18430) and site associated religious feature (-7803C). The'heights (up to 1.2 m. facings at site -7803 and 1.4 m. at -18430) and therefore volume of component features were also factors incorporated into the interpretation of these sites as p~ssible permanent habitations. Agriculture Four sites or site complexes are interpreted as being s9lely' agricultural in function. These sites include, a cattle wall (-7607), clusteI'S of modified depressions (-7609), a terrace (-7687), and a mound (-7688). Except for the cattle wall all,agricultural sites (features) in the project area are presumed to be prehistoric in construction and utilization, though early historic utilization associated with Keauhou Bay as a port and K9hoe'e village can not be ruled out. Clearly the virtually unvegeta.ted 'a'a terrain, which dominates the northern half of the project area, and the rough,'I'Ocky, pahoehoe terrain in the southern half are not prime agricultural lands. Another major factor limiting agricultural production is the recorded low average annual rainfall assOCiated with the project area. However even in this rather harsh environment considerable effort had been expended in agricultural pursuits: In the 'a'a terrain this is evidenced by clustered modified depressions accessed by a network of minimally modified trails. In the pahoehoe area, agricultUral features include a wider variety of types, consisting of modified depressions, modified outcrops, terraces, and mounds, though no similar network of associated trails was observed. The distribution.of agricultural sites and features is indicative of a more intensive utilization than previously thought. The network of trails is suggestive of two areas from which the subject parcel was exploited, one the Keauhou Bay area, the other the village of Kahoe'e. Trail -7628, a foot trail, utilizing stepping stones through the 'a'a appearS to have been a major artery to and from Keauhou with a pr<;>jected (compass bearing) inland destination within the vicinity of the town of Kainaliu. The trail (-7628) is roughly oriented cross slope', not directly mauka-makai; The other trails, sites, (7601-D and 7633) appear to represent a more localized usage, possibly for Kahoee villages tending "garden plots". The garden plots here refers to the clustered modified depression in 'a'a where the network of trails is visible, and presumably in the pahoehoe are also. The pattern of utilizing near shore or kula zone agricultural lands in the vicinity of coastal villages or clustered permanent habitation sites, has been documented along the Kona coast (and elsewhere). Specific references to pahoehoe and 'a'a excavations in the lava flats of Kealakehe immediately adjacent (mauka) to the old Kona airport state park represent associated features of the fishing village of Kamaeo that had existed along shoreline (Donham 71 ('] I ! LJ r-1 I ' L! 0...... . .,} ~! I I \ L~J f] l--. J C'l LJ t! [ L cS [ [ r [ l [ r ,..."'\ ( j '---'I l r I 1990, and Borthwick and Hammatt 1992). The "pahoehoe an~ 'a'a excavations" correlate. to our "modified depressions," which we characterize as planting venues for Kula zone crops of sweet potatoes, gourds, wauke, etc. In coastal'Keopuka (south Kona), the ahupuata north of Kaawaloa.(i.e. north side.of Kealakekua Bay), arn,ultitud~ of pahoehoe anq. 'a'a excavations, associated with permanent shoreline habitation sites, were'observed (CSHms. in:prep.). Again; these excavations correlate to planting' features in relatively close proximity to clustered permanent habitat!on sites in the marginat agricultura:l lower ,kula zone. . . The modified. depression or "pahoehoe and lata e~cavations't were probably mulched with cultivation probably almost exclusively during the wet season (May to september) though hand watering to assure agricultural productiyity year round can not be ruled out. Additionally introduced crops utilized in the.early historic victualing trade could also have been grown in these planting d~pressions. IIitroduced crops conducive to this form of cultivation would have in part il1.cluded yams, melons, pumpkins, irishpotatoes, omons, and tobacco. In 1823 the Rev. William Ellis obseI"Ved and remarked on agricultural activity within the "environs" of coa. stal habitation sites, " The environs were cultivated to a considerable extent; small garden.~were seen among the barren rockS on which the houses are built, wherever soil could be found sufficient to nourish the sweet potato,tb:e watermelon, or even a few plants of tobacco, 'and in many places these seemed to be growing literally in the fragments of lava, collected iri small heaps mound their roots" (Ellis 1979:31). Some twenty years later Captain Charles Wilkes, of the American Exploring expedition, also commented on agricultural activities in the Kona area; "Cultivation is carried on in many places where it would be deemed almost impra.cticablein 'any other couritry...The natives, during the rainy 'season, also plant, in excavations among the lava rocks, sweet potatoes, melons, and pine~apples, all of which produce a crop." (Wilkes 1845:91) Capt~ Wilkes also me~tioned the Victualing trade for introduced crops "The only staple Commodities are sweet potatoes, upland taro, and yams. The latter are almost entirely raised for ships. "(Ibid.). Based on the archaeological record and background historical research (including the preceding excerpts), agricultural pursuits specific to the project area appear to be more intensive than previously reported. Additionally because of the proximity to Keauhou Bay (i.e. trading porthmd the historically occupied village of Kahoe'e, it is also suggested that introduced and indigenous crops were grow~ as market oriented produce. Trails Three sites are listed exclusively as trails with an additional trail section listed within site complex -7601 (Le. 7601-D) based on construction style and trail orientation two types of trails are represented within the project area. Trail site -7628, is the most substantially constructed and its orientation most consistent. Trails -7621, 7633, and 7601-D are less formally constructed and their orientation(s) is/are also less consistent. 72 Trail site -7628 is constructed utilizing stepping stones through the 'a'a .terrain but due to bulldozing and pahoehoe terrain it could not be followed through the entire project area. This trail'is ori~nfed' generally northwest.to'southeast with the ma.uka (eastern) destination uncertain but probably in the vicinity,'ofupland Kainaliu town. Trail-762$ appears,ba$ed op. its<;:q'll.:r~e..,tq,,cut across ahupuata boundaries thus. differing from intra- ahupua'a' mauka'to makai 't:rijis:' Trail 7628 also runs roughly parallel to a historic cart road (site 50-10-37-4699/7627) t~is is suggestive of a definable transportation corridor that has evolved from a pre-historic f()ot traiLto a historic cart road, indicating the importance of 'R;eauhou Bay as a."port cent~" both prehistorically ana historically. A portion of trail 7628 is preserved within.t~~ 4 th p:il!~. h()!.~~~of J{oA~' Cq@tri Olub. Though the. trail is visible as a trodcie~' path most of th.~:~~pi>w,g:'.~t9B~s.:havet.~e.~,. di~I~9-ged .and in general' the condition of . the trail. isJairto:.poor.,:' Y:...L:X:.'.>.,..',:...... :. :.....~::. . .":;':" ;' .' . .. . ~., .- .. .,., ..... .,. .;-.." . . ." . _ The other trails (7601-P, 162J.,. arid-.763:3) 'forIn<-a:network of localized trails functioning as, access to agricUltural ,ana ,habitationsite&-within and adjacent to the project area. The trails mea:xi.der uti1iz~g. pahoehoe' fingers in the 'a'a as smoother walking surfaces, with short sections of stepping stonesbetween.-the'pahoehoe fingers. The trails appear to be related to tending gardens' (clustered modified depres'sions) that were associated with coastal villages (i.e; Keauhou andKahoe'e)~ Th~:network:()fthese minimal modified trails was only observed in.t:g.e <'a'a ,~~rrain j~,t~~.~oij;lletPPh~:ofth~''-l>:roject area with no correspo:p,-C!ing network observed in the pahOehoe ten:ain'iIfthe southern.half of the project area. Though trails were activelysearched for in'the Pah~hoe, ~pp~~nt1y the terrain made it unnecessary to construct any substanthi(iralls. "," ... '~.... ' .: ,~.', Burials There is one confirmed blJrial site (-7610) and one possible burial site (-7671) within the project area. Site -7610 is a lava tube feature with its entrance in the adjoining (north) development parcel which is part of the newly completed 4th nine holes of the Kona Country Club. Site -7610 and its subterranean extent have been roped off (on the surface) and has been afforded.preservation status within the Kona Country Club's 4th nine. , " ~ '. Site -7671 is a platform in the pahoehoe terrain in the southern half of the project area. It's construction style and size suggest a monument type burial feature. Other platform (i.e. monument type) burials have been confirmed in the Keauhou area such as site -4688 and -10084, bOth of which have been ~ffordedpreservation status. It is recommended that testing for presence or absence of human remains. take place ,at site -7671 so that long term recommendations can accurately be addressed. Based on the survey fmdings it is apparent that the project area was not a major foci for burials. 73 I I L [ () L r L [ r l r [ l _' r ("'\ ...J [ r r l [ 1 I C: I Settlement Patterns The traditional settlement patt~rn for the ahupua'a of Keauhou 2nd consisted'oran: intensively utilized coastal zone, an intermediate or transitlonal zone, the upland agricultUral<< , and habitation zone, forest zone and saddle region. .' The coastal zone which was initiallybccupied by at least A.D. 1100 though probably A.D. 900 was the focus ofpermaneIit habitation,ieligious sites, and bUrials. AssOCiated with the habitation were garden-like agricultural activities. Habitation was cqncentrated around Keauhou Bay aIid Kahoe'e Village south of the Bay. Scatteredresideh.tial sites stretched out along the coast between Keauhou Bay and Kahoe'e as ~en as behind or mauka of the densely populated shoreline. Religious sites include the heiau(s) of Kaokulaelae and Kamohoali'i along the southern' shore ofKeaUhou Bay. A complex of early historic (ca 1820) burials, assoCiated with the last traditional battle in Hawaii (State site #50-10-37-1745) is located withi.ri:thissouthern coastal zone adjacent to Keauhou 2nd and the south boundary at Lekeleke. Addit~ofuilly, from the. boundary testimonies of 1873, Lekeleke appears to have been kriown as.a place of burials. In reference to KeaUhou's southern.shoreline.boundary, Kahilo, an informant, testified "Honalu bounds it on the sop.th side,an awana and then akupapau (a crack in the rock where the natives used to put their dead) called Lekeleke is the boundary" (Kahilo Allgust 5th'1873). Individual burial sites have also been recorded in association with shoreline habitation. complexes (Hammatt and Chiogioji 1990:66). The intermediate or transitional zone refers to the area between the densely populated coastal zone and the upland agricultural and habitation zone. The intermediate zone is' characterized by a relatively low site density, especially in terms of permanent habitation sites. In the ahupua'a ofKeauhou (1 and 2) the intermediate zone is exagg~rated due,'to the large 'a'a flow, which may be as young as A.D. 1200{Dr~ Gordon Trebble, USGS geologist.. (Personal Communication). "The present project area is situated within the lOw site density, intermediate zone and this is reflected in terms of site quantity, distribution, and types. Quantitatively there are twenty sites within the approximately 50-acre parcel. Of these twenty sites only three appear to represel1tpermanent habitation sites which i~indicative of the low permanent hab~~ti,Oti'us~geofthe'interffiediate zQne. Adgitiomilly, the habitation sites (tempOrary and .' permanent) are spatially dispersed with no clustering as there is along'thecoast. . The agricultural sites within the project area indicate adaptation to the dry rocky environment of the.. virtllallyunvegetated 'a'a'andr()ugh older pahoehoe lava. In the'a'alava modified depressions dominate With a wide variety oftypes(terraces,mocptied 9utcrops, mounds) in the pahoehoe lava. Based oh sutveys elsewhere in' Keatiliou, including adjacent parc.. e....l..s..an.....d.ar.......ea.....s..6f.t.h..e. ..s.am...... ..e.........'.a.... '.a.-..' .1. a.va.., th...e. c.l.u........s...te............ r. s.. '..o..f.m. o.difi.'. ...e.'.d.... ....d.....e......p........'...re.......s.. s....i.o.. .n.S....W1.'. 't.h.., in... W.'...r-." coIi11ecting paths br 'Wails are absent. The 6cMence of these "garden plotS" witllln the project area is attributed ~o its proximity totlie coastal villages ofKeauhouBay and Kahoe'e. The agricultural utilization of even 'a'a lava in the lower kula zOIle in Keauhou2~d, may also have laSted into the mid 1800s to supply foreign vessels With produce. .. 74 - .... . . : Te~t'~xca;atiO:p.~ 'W.lthi~'th~' pr6ject;;~rea terided to ~onrmn functionalinterpreiations of " ,"',.',' . :.' .'.~": '" '.' ",' . . '''': ,.... ,":.' . ". ',~"'" .'. ~ ,'"'f " '... . .' , .. temporary vers'us.: P.~~.fm.<#l~ht h~~j~ation sites~;'1\t $ite -7?pl, which is interpreted as a - pe~ane9-~J1ab{tl;lt.i~Jj.-~9*pl.~~'{~:.e'.; l,ava .tube~d:two~dji)iningplatfonns) testing revealed a ~ubstantiar. culi~!f1ll.~y~ihJ.9.;:~/~ams:~f<w~q~~~), inditatlve of long-term intensive . occupation. Testmg at Sites":7623'and -7669~'interpreted as temporary habitation sites yield~d sI1J;~Jl cm?-Q~P:t~.\9f:,mi~~r~,q,p.~ .gr~f;,a~d 38.2 grams, respectively) and limited .artifacts (~:r~)V'b~~W~:~D.~I:'v91f~i1~c'gl'a~s.:g*e~, -7,669o*!y) indicative of a minimally.or temporarily, oCGv.R!~.d.:. ~~t~.~(~e~.~Stte r~~th}g'Results.8~ction). _ . " , ..' ..'. " _' ',..1:. < ~',. .. ',__:'" .", ..',.." ~ ~ . .._ .. . r. .~:",:;~: ,~":',' ",.~ .. . .". .:' ,: ,~, ,~":;' ~ '., .' . :,' ' . Beyond the low sit~ aen~ttYlnterinediate zone is the upland agricultural and habi~t~o~Z9I.1~,Ca,: 10?Q:to 250qJt.,Jl.m.s.1. The upland~o~e, mainly because ofin,creased rairifall, ~as utili:z'ed' ihtensivelyand extensively foragrlcultural crop production. Habitation sites; including pre'~wntibly. cJusteretJ. 'per:ip.~ent habitation sites, were located within the upland zone. Howev.er~ no.eJ.'teiisive archaeolQgical surveys of this zone within Keauhou 2nd . have been.' conduc~~d. rhe'patterE- Of agricultural productivity with assooiated habitation within th~ upl3.i:ld~z.op.eis r~~':i1fgt~~d by the. -4nd Commission Awards (LOA) testimoniel? for Keauhou' 2~.d, whe~e' ex<;ept'f9t,,~/ew: shoreliI1eawar~ the:bulk of awards were specifi~ 't9 the upland ;,zon~., . '-. ." .;..... ....>.:... . , . '. ..' .. " .... The forest zone of !{eauhov. 2Dd was probably a very integral part of the traditional life style. In the bouna~testiino:rllesof 1873 there were references to "Bird hunting for feathers, logging, inch.!mng references to pllilc~s where canoe builders lived, road building"and traditions such as '~pedfic references.to 'Urnl and his enjoyment of the forest. Based on ~e testimonies it \yould:'appe~r as' if'habita.tion within the f~rest zone was for the most part assOciated with large lava tub~ caves and in some cases long-term recurrent occupation of these favored locales is indicated. The sadCne-f~gion: like the ,forest zone, was an area where naturally existing resources were exploited. Th~:main resoiirce"exploited was birds: geese (nene) and dark-rumped petrel (uwao). As in thefor~s,t zone,Iava"tubes were utilized for habitation. The existence of Heiau . Ahu~a-'Umi~ 'Umi'sROad's; an(fihe- bird catchers; road through the 'a'a is indicative of the Importance placed o~ t~e'saddl.e regit>n'and itsintegral part in the overall settlement pattern of Keauhol.l2nd.. ,.,.' ~_.. ..... .:' .: - -- ',. ..' . ..' ~.. Historic~ly ~ thesettlemeJ:lt. pattern shifts from the focus on the coastal villages to the upland zone' as . th~.lOc'atjon of "yin~e" life.H The shift was gradual, especially for port areas. like Keiluhou Bay.'B'as~d 'oIl'the irlld 1800,s LeA iIiformation it would appear that the . settlement patteIn\vas'still'~lmilar to the:tradltionalpattern. However, economically, market-oriented agricUittirai.ptoductiori for 'supplYing foreign ships and the sale and barter , for western' items"b~giris to superse,de subsis~~nce-.6:iien~d agricultUre. By the-late 1800s, : the effects of depopWation,'use of larger ve~sels which generally excluded the use of Keauhou Bay, importation of foreign laborers, the agricultural pursuit of commercial coffee and the beef/cattle industries cause a virtually complete l?hift to. the upland area. The upland area was accessed by the'pz:edecessor' ,of the :M;aiFalahoa hlghway which becomes the focus of small Urban centers that. eventually''i;nc1pde ~choo}s~ shops~" and churches. .., ~ ':< The'patteqi of Mamatalf()a Highway as'il1e urban foci began to change in the 19608 with the advent oftounSnl in the Keauhou area. Presently, tourism and related residential 75 L~ o I L.. r L. [ r [ [ [ d [ [ r r l l I ('~ -1 I activities are concentrated around and iIn.mediately mauka of Keauhou'Bay. The project:area is proposed as a residential properly adjacent to the newly constructed 4th nine holes of the Kona COlJ.l1try Club. Local residences are generally still within the u.pHmd zone along with. <;:ommercial coffee farms. .......'.;; 76 VI., SIGNIFICANCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS Initial S~gnifica~ce Assessments A total of twenty sites ,of varied archaeological significance are present in the project area. Individual significance and recommended treatment are specified in Table 1. Sites were evaluated for, significance according to the broad criteria established for the National and State Registers. The five criteria are: A Site 'reflects major trends or events in the history of the state or nation. B Site is asspciated with the lives of persons significant in our past. C Site is an excellent example of asite type. D Site may be likely to yield information important in prehistory or history. . E Site has cultUral sign!ficance; probable religious structures (shrines, heiau) and/or burials present. Of the twenty sites within the project area all twenty are considered significant. Fourteen sites are considered to yield information important to prehistory and history (Criterion D); four are considered to be both excellent examples of site types (Criterion C) and to yield information important to prehistory and history (Criterion D); and two sites are considered to have both information important to prehistQry and history (Criterion D) and cultural significance and/or religious significance (Criterion E). These initial significance assessments are based on functional interpretations of the sites, site types, and varieties found within the project area and correlations to other sites in the Keauhou area. Multi-criteria sites with C & D designations include: Trail sites -7628 and -7633; a temporary habitation complex -7682; and a permanent habitation complex -7803. Sites designated D & E include: burial cave site -7610 (already with preserve status); and site -7671 a possible burial platform. Trail Site -7628 is a stepping stone trail visible in the 'ala terrain in the northern half 77 C1 ~l~ t'l -, !I .J [I J [ [ L . (..5 [ [ r [ I L l [ (~ I of the project area but its continuation into the pahoehoe terrain in the southern half of tha project ar.ea could not be followed. The visible section of the trail is in fair to poor condition as many of the 'stepping stones have been dislodged or are missing. The trail appears'to, represent a cross-slope route from the uplaIids south of Keauhou t()Jfrom KeauhouBay. A portion of this trail is preserved within the existing 4th nine holes of the Kona Country Club. Trail si,te '-7633 IS a less formally constructed trail whi~h accesses clustered planting depressions. The trail system meanders utilizing pahoehoe fingers and' stepping 'stones interspersed among the 'a'a lava. The trail system appears to be somewhat unique (i.e., excep.e~t example of a site type) in accessing what appears to be garden. type agricultural activity within the 'a'a lava. The two remaining sites with C & D designation, -7682 and -7803 are excellent examples, within the project area, of temporary and permaIienthabitation complexes respectively. Site -7682'is a substantially modified outcrop with associated terrain. Site- 7803 includes (6)'siX associated features with habitation and agricultural activitie~ represented. The two sites, -7610 and-7671, with D & Edesignation represent two types of burial '.' practices. Bite -7610 is a lava tube with intact burials, arid Site -7671 is a monument or platform type burial. The use of Criterion E for burials is based on the guidelines adopted by the Historic Preservation Division of the Department of Land and Natural Resources. 78 Recommendations It.isrecom,m~p:ded ,~ha~ all. of, tll,e ~.i~e!3 ~ i~c~M4edw.in a mitigation program and that . . .,-'"".-:-.....' '-'. "'J'"._"'~:':P ,-..;., ....'.~,:_.;,'.~",;....- -w ......:... . ...-. ~-.;, ,:-,!, ",' :':'-"'~ ~,.,:~:.. --~.~~ -. . ',' .: ..:....;.~~.~..,.. ~:.~ .. . -,~',;. preceding de;v:~ic:u)m~iiia:r imp~~i, 'those sites not deslgnaWa for preservation be subjected to " -:~.. '" -..'- . ".~;.-..-' ,",:-- intensive data recovery; to address scientific.and.irUormational concerns. , - "'_ . .... ~:.. " ,. ' : - c' '... - I _ . ,'" - ;',~ ',; ,'- ,.:,....., - ' " . ','" ......~-:.., '.. ,~.., ~~""'. ..:~.,- ~ .. . ... .. :,'," , ...~ . ~ " .' .., " -'1 . ", - .. .', , Spedficrec()~mendati9n'!;lnCl~de,pt~servaHon of four sites, -7610, 7671, -7682, and- . ..." I "".". ',.,',',' '.,. -:. ,.: ',- ~:. _,.." "~.J' "....... I; ... . -~ ,-, '. '. ..~ . 7803. A portion of Trail Site -7628 is already preserved within the adjacent golf course .-. " . , I" ....' ''-,,:~''':' c,'_ --, " "--" _ _ ~ _,'.', ",.' , , . parcel. -Thus, it is not recoplm~ng.~(rfor'p;re'$&yation~ this proposed residential subdivision. , . ','. ,. '.,' ~,' A ,_~,-' -, .. '","_- i~ ',.b' ____:::",,'-', ,~'" I' ,-,~ ~,. . ; The'remaining 16 '~it~s: a~e recommend to JJe part of a Data Recovery Plan. -,,;., ,. ' ,~;/' ;' >:: '....' . ''':' ~ ,~ . Tentative rese~ch go~lsf.or a Data'Recovery Plan include a detailed mapping of . ~ .. ."..' ..' ~.~ '- ' '"'. . , agricultural features (i.e., ~odiped depressionS -7'609. and associated trail system -7633); quantifying diff~rences between presumed permanent and temporary habitation sites; and basic retrIeval of cha}'coal samples to further the chronological understanding of the use of the intermediate z.<;me within,the Kona area. " The results of this research should be integrated into available prec~d~ng ~ork within th~;area so that ultimately a comprehensive view of Hawaiian settlement in this important ahupuata be constructed. In this way research , . can be con~istent with th~ go81s of the 2 extant archaeolo~cal plans for the Keauhou-Kona area. , . Data recovery and 'preservatio~~must be. implemented through plans submitted to the . " :." '-,.'. .. ,;'- " "-, ,,": ~~ Department. of Land ,and Natural Resources.~ State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR- - '. '~", .' ,I.., ^:' " . SHPD) for reyi~w ~nd approvi:ll. ".', " ;; 79 o I L r- L [ r [ [ l d [ r i ( \ I [ I i I I I I ("~ ----I I REFERENCES Athens, J. Stephen , 1991 A.rchaeological Im.'estigations at the Canoe Shed Complex of HulopoeBay, Lanai, Site 85-40-98-85, International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc., . Honoh.!lu. . .. Borthwick, Douglas F. ,and Hallett H. Hammatt 1992 Arc,haeological Assessment for the Proposed Kealakehe'Sewer Force Main and Waste Water Pumping Station, Kealakehe, North Kona, Hawai'i Island, Hawai'i, Cultural Surveys Hawaii. . Boundary Commission Testimony 1873 _~ Boup.daty Commission Books for Hawaii Microfilm in Archives of Hawaii. Burgett, Berdena D. and P::ml H. Rosendahl 1991 Archaeological Inventory Survey: Hokukano Ranch Development: Lands of Kanaueue 1,2; Keekee 1,2; Kanakau 1,2; and Halekii,Districts of North and South Kona, Island of Hawaii (TMK:8-1-1:2,3,6), PHRl Report 879-011791. Colin, Brian, Ian Masterson, Jennifer Robins, Victoria Creed, Douglas Borthwick, and Hallett Hammatt 1992 Archaeological Inventory Survey and Limited Subsurface Testing,ola 500-Acre Parcel in the Ahupua'a of Honuaino 4, Hokukano 1, Hokukano 2, Kanaueue 1, Kanaueue 2, Haleki'i, Ke'eke'e 1, Ke'eke'e 2, 'Ilikahi, Kanakau, Kalukalu, and' Onouli 1, Districts of North and South' Kona, Island ofHawai'i, Cultural Surveys Hawaii. Colin, Brian L., Ian Masterson, Jennifer J. Robins, Victoria Creed, Douglas K. Borthwick, and' Hallett H. Hammatt 1992 Archaeological Inventory Survey and Limited Subsurface Testing of a 1540-Acre Parcel in the Ahupua'a of Honuaino 3-4, Hokukano, Kanaueue, Haleki'i, Ke'eke'e, 'Ilikahi, Kanakau, Kalukalu, and Onouli 1, Districts of North and South Kona, Island of Hawai'i, 2 v., Cultural Surveys Hawaii, Kailua.' Cordy, H. Ross 1990 [in ARegionalSyrithesis of Hamakua District, Hawai'i Island [Working Paper #2, prep] Hawai'i Island Archaeology, Hamakua, District, (Draft). Crozier, S. Neal 1971 Archaeological Excavations at Kamehameha 111 Road, North Kona, Island of Hawai'i, Phase 11, Report 71-11, Department of Anthropology, Bishop Museum, Honolulu. 80 Donham, Theresa K. '.','.," ,,"'t, /:' ".. ,.', . . 1990 . ,: Arch,(!J,~ologi,cafjn'~e~i.oiY, Survey..'Honok,oha,1J, Industrial Park (parcel VII), Land ollJonokohcJ,lt 2nd; N~dh.koiia .District, Isiq,nd of Hawai'i, PHRI Report 694- 01129()'; Prepared 'for Helber, 'Hasterf& Kimura, Planners. _ Ellis, William 1963 Journal of William Ellis, Honolulu: Advertising Publishing Co. Hammatt, Hallett H., and William H. Folk 1980 Arc,haeological Survey, Phase II, I, Portions of Keauhou-Kona Resort, Keauhou and Kahalu'u, Kona, Hawai'i Island, ARCH 17-177, II, 1. Hammatt, Hallett H., and David W. Shideler 1991 Archaeological Assessment and Sensitivity Map of the Pohakuloa Training Area (PTA), Hawai'i..lsland.. State of Hawai'i, Final Report, Cultural Surveys Hawaii, (November). Hammatt, Hallett H., R. Chiogioji, David W:Shideler, Douglas Borthwick 1991 Archaeological Excavations at Lanihau 2 and Moeauoa 2, North Kona, Hawai'i Island, Draft (Revised), prepared for Lanihau Partners, Cultural Surveys Hawaii. Hammatt, Hallett H., DavidW. Shideler, Douglas Borthwick, William Folk 1991 Archaeological Study for the Kealakekua Master Plan, Cultural Surveys Hawaii, Kailua. Haun,Alan E. 1986 Archaeological Survey and Testing at the Bobcat Trail Habitation Cave Site (50- 10-30-5004) Pohakuloa Training Area, Island of Hawaii, Hawaii PHRI Inc. Hommon, Robert J. 1976 The Formation of Primitive States in Pre-Contact Hawai'i, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson. . Kekahuna, Henry 1952 Map of Kahalu'u Beach, March 15, 1952, Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Mackintosh, S.D. 1838 Glimpses of the Sandwich Island, or Morsels by an Ambulant Editor, Sandwich Islands Gazette and Journal of Commerce, III (19):2. Menzies, Archibald 1920 Hawai'i Nei 128 Years Age, (Edited by W.F. Wilson), The New Freedom Press, Honolulu. Pukui, Mary K., Samuel H. Elbert and Esther Mookini 1974 Place Names of Hawaii, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. 81 \ i L. 0, I ,- r L [~ r r L L L d [ r r [ l l [ ("" l Reinecke, John E. . 1930 "Survey of H~waiian Sites, 1929-1930." MS in B.P. Bishop Museum ;Library, Honolulu. Shenck, Norman C. 1931 Keauhou-The New Era, The Fne7u1, 'pp.80-82 (April). Shilt, Rose 1~84 Subsistence and Conflict in Kona, Hawaii, Ap. Archaeological Study of the -KuakiDl Highway Realignment Corridor: Departmental Report Series, 84-1, . Bishop Museum, Honolulu. . Streck, Charles 1986 Aerial Archaeological Reconnaissance Site Survey for the Proposed Artillery Firing Points, Fi1:e Break Road Route and Oth-e.r Facilities at Pohakuloa Training Area, Island of Hawai'i,.Army. Corps of Engineers. Tomonari-Tuggle, M.T. 1985 Cultural Resource Management Plan: Cultural Resource Management at the Keauhou Resort, PHRI, Kurtistown. W~er, Allen T. and Alan ~. Haun -. .' 1989 Intensive Survey and test Excavations Kona Surf Hotel Wedding Chapel, Land of Keauhou 2nd, North Kona, Island of Hawai'i, Report 357-072688, PHRI, Hilo. Wilkes, Charles 1845 . Narrative' of the United States Exploring Expedition, Vol. 4, Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia. 82 11 t t ! ! L__.J APPENDIX: KEAUHOV 2ND BOUNDARY TESTIMONY f 1 II L_! o "j i ___I .........<.. n U n [1 I I] C L c5 [ [ [ [ l [ [ ('~~ --( :' 83 r I ':ll!l' .' ';!!i ' I ~'-::::,E,2! '>:':~'~l ':::;'51/ 'j 't~l., ': I 'L.,\ :" , ,~1 :-~ ..,:. :: '1;" I': ..l,'; .j;~~1-1 -,"',.. '~';i%;'Rkf"- '"4>..... '.. -~_: . I. '.' j...;..1...;;.' ... j .. f:' ~ '"' hI' ,,-~II I' j: lUll! ,,'. -' ''''!'' 'I' I,'" ' , ~.:::': l~~ " :1: ,~~: I,~~;:' f.'1 ,,!, a:i I " ,Qj~ ;' l ' , . \' !'~~':~~ :. !~~ :.- ':'.' ...~f..:.i ji" : ,i:!'! 'i~ll; :l, 'I ~~ :,~~II: :',.'! ~"e . !~, ! l - ,j. ;'!l ~ l~ i ,.. \,' F" ,:":-_, , i: ',:~ ~", ~ n..... . -2", -8 "" I'W ' ,'<~ ~,(9I U'i ' Ix""J' , 01' ,., 'J<!I!' . ~ ! 0; : Z':::g i,'52 1S' 1,:1': ' ",~: 'jll: 1'~. ' 't:lj' ,. i: -';. ,;,~ : ~pt.,. :J:I;:-": /:~ "j g "tF" '~...... '~":; :T,":lj[: :!!! . <I;' 'I .!...~ l!1 ' 'lJ a' ::e : i I <( I ::::l!' ...~ .~ ',{ i <':2:.!5' :;~1il . i 't': : ~ !iU'i '~l,~;,1:2! !!l: . "-j.:;; l::'::~.ot 0, 1I' I ,\,1._-';;-.., " 'Ii: I I ".. "::el'~' , -!'r;o- '. .:.11;;1 t '; ""<:1' iW':~L!~ l! -IrIs, '" ';j.lh:"eli !I".! ~ I @!'I,;jj.~,'i= i t~~f ' ::'!ii~ . i ',~ 3 ~'!:!~j ~.s,,,:~t1~ ~ I;~ f ~"5l.:.~.,~'~ :-,,~ fl,", :1;!WU'i 0.:::> 1::)-'< "_q:; !~'UJ ..~ ii!::.c: ~ "~ l~j~;rlilJ'5: "; , ;!: . "':;:"," .r~J , ~ ~ ~- -. f II '\ ','! "j / {l '1..-' ~~ fla' ii',1il': ~ ,I;;!!j' ~' ::-!Il; ~, !, ' 52 ii'=>>' <-. ::>' ~ ~ ~I,. (L. U'il; I ~. .' ~< j' '~i 'I '~I~,'i ~-;: :Ilj~~;i;.!.. ~; ,,,,,1&8' " .!/I, ':, ;~ffi -! ~ '" .l.. , , f :[i~~l"I'i ' , r ' "{~,L':~~i.' ; , .; , . j'; 'i, :i~;:;;"1 I ; r" . . . 'f 5:>,; ,: .:: , :,j ::., ' .! f. . ~,,;d... .. I ;. !:. (.~ : I . . ::;":'f:~+ ;:~':':'~";:11J-F.i.;~.d\;'i'j.til';!-;" : , "j-I j'++~~,:~+!.: I'.h:!.' ,,'t--., 'I' ,.; '~e i ;~.! ~ ii, i "'lI Ij ~;'J .~~ :~l '~ \ \. /i 'li 0 1-- ~ II !l ,,s, ., '-!i: 'j'" '~ '.J!.' .fl ..; :11 til' J5 5 I!! :J:., ~ ~,:.,~ .~ ::> ~ ~' 52 W Z ~ I ,} ~ "e ~ S :;) .-:.0... << Q < x o I I UJ -' W ~ ~ ~i .'.:.':,..::: '" <l 11) 0 ~.m z'i:J ~ g p:;o 'l:l is g] :0", ]1 ,~ ~ s.... 'Q g eu ~,~ 1>0.... .~ IS .--..~:i,'".,,'. ,-"-- 00] .tj (J g~ ft"'."l ~1l<l ~ :~ ~ ~~8 0..., ..Q21'" ::I Ol'~ Ol'S lil ~",] 'l:l..':!el t:lo..., j:Q ~~'l:l o C'l ... if:: :~, ,< ,Z .0 -' < Z o -' ::> ::> 'n, \ ~ The Ahupuaa of Keauhou2ncl District N. Kona Island of Hawaii On this the Fourth day of August A.D. 1873 the eommi~sion of Boundaries for the Jslan.d of ' Hawaii 3rcl J.e. met at the house of Moses Barrett at Keopuka South Kona. for the hearing of the application of Jno 0 Dominis administrator Estate of Kamehameha V for the setil~h1ent of the boundaries of Keauhou2 in North Kona Hawaii: After due notice served personally on all owners of adjoining lands and their agents as far as known. . '.' . Present J.G. Roapili for applicant, Estate of M. l\.ekuanaoa. e.R. BishopHon M.rs~ C.R. Bishop. Madam Akahi Rer Excellency R. Keelikolan,.iand Kaopua.' Lumaheihei for Mrs. W.K. Lumaheihei. Rev. J.n.Paris for self. For Petition see Folio 241. Testimony Keakaokawai K. Sworn . . I was born at Kealakekua a few years before the death of Kamehameha rt (Note: ,This is the same witness that was on Kahuku boundaries). I moved at time of Kana-o Kekuaokalani (1820) to Lehuula, (was grown at that time) I now live at Rookukano North.Kona and am a . kamaaina of Kona I used to go on the mountain with my Father collecting sandal wood and catching birds, his name was Kauluahi, an old bird catcher and kamaaina now dead; Ronalo bounds Keauhou2 at sea shore on South side. A pall aa called Lekeleke is the boundary at sea i shore between these lands. thence the boundary runs mauka along, lands on Ronalo sold to - different parties on Ronalo, to a place called Nohomoanahoaiku, in the woods on the makai side of palL Thence along the Government portion ofHonalo to Kapapakauheana, a round water hole in the woods in the centre ofRonalo. thence the boundary runs mauka to Kaimuhapu, a water hole thence to Kipukauki, most of this place is on Keauhou and a small portion on Ronalo said land being now overgrown in aa. thence to Koniomoku, apali which is the boundary between Keauhou and Ronalo. There Keauhou turns South and cuts Ronalo off, nearly through the woods. thence to Kaukahoku, junction of Lehuulanui, said place is an ahua pohaku a small hill of pahoehoe covered with scrub ohia and mamani; thence along Lehuulanui to Keanakiha a small cave where natives used to sleep. thence to an ahu pohaku maukaike of the ana built in olden times and now knocked down by the goats, this is an open spot with scrub ohia and mamani growing all around. thence along Lehuulanui to a,place called Kepulu at Govr Adams road through the ..woods scrub Koaand other trees growing iliere. ' the land of Rookukano cuts of Lehuulanui at Gov Adams road. thence' along the land of Rookukano. this land runs mauka. In olden times Kaumakunui the Alii nui of Keauhou claimed all the geese on Rookukano, Kealakeakua and other lands, and used to divide the geese. The uwao were left for Konohiki of these lands. The land was not the property of the Keauhou chief when my father and I divided the geese with the Keauhou Konohiki; but the uwao we had to divide with the Konohiki of Hookukano and not with -kohohiki of Keauhou, unless we took the uwao on Keauhou. thence mauka from Kepulu to Kamoike along Hookukano, the aa on Keauhou, and from thence the boundary runs to Keanaakala a small cave, thence to Kikiaeae a long hill puulepo at mauka corner of Hookukano, trees of all kinds growing all around. thence South again to Kamakaulaula, pahoehoe 'along mauka end of Hookukano in woods. thence up aa called Kainapahoa, thence down onto pahoehoe to a cave called Aahuuela corner of Kealakekua and Rookukano, said cave used to have water in it 85 . I 1 -l ; I i (,___~J 01 . I! , LJ LJ 1'-,1, ~ _ 1 r- [ L L (5 [ [ r [ l l r (--' ---"( about one half of a mile to Umis road Kanohoanao Umi; aa with mamani trees growing both sides of the road. When I used to go up with my father there were only a few mamani trees gI:"owing makai of the road, now there are a great many both sides of the road. Thence turn south again across aa to Haliilaukoa (where Umi sat and they spread Koa leaves for him old' tradition) Few koaand ohiatrees growing there, tJ:ley are mostly mamani. thence the' boundary runs up an ahua to Kanekii a smallwater.hole which dries up in dry weather. Keauhou mauka and Kealakekua makai; thence to Kaluhl. Keauhou mauka and Kealakekua makai, pahoehoe, here is w~ere we used to catch birds in olden times, theuwao belong to both lands. At Kanekii the boundary leaves Umis road and goes makai of it, from Kalulu to a place. called Kukai alae Koa grove on Pahoehoe, the South East corner. thence turn makai along Kealakekua to alarge mawae called Kauahapule, thence down along said mawae to Putiloa'a pali on the maukacorner ofland of Hona'unau. The wo6dsexten:d there now. In olden times there were hardly any trees there. I have forgotten the names of the places beyond here, on boundaries of Keauhou and other lands along there. I. have not been along there often. Kanupa is the place where Keauhoujoins Kaula...[?la Ki@~pali andjuriction of Keauhou Manuka and Kaula...[?]. All kinds of trees grow there also small spots ofp~oehoe in the aa. I have only been there once; went with my father before I was fully grown.: r>o I).ot . know as. I could find it now. Thence mauka to Kilohana on an aa flow where we used: to catch birds and where Kahuku joins Keauhou. thence along Kahuku to Kulauala, on Umis road. From. PuUloa to Kanupa Keauhou used to take the Pahoehoe above the woods, and the Kona lands reached to'the mauka edge of the woods from Kilohana.along Kapapala to Pohakuhanalei a hill on the top of the mountain, thence the boundary runs down to Kolekole a hill where Humuula joins Keatihou and cuts Kapapala off; thence down the side of the mountain to Kaaawa along Humuula, there Puanahulujoins Keauhou,andllumuula stops. Kaaawa is pahoehoe with small ohia trees, and also other kinds of trees growing there; thence the boundary runs to a hill called Kalalua, along the lands ofPuanahulu. A large hill can be seen from Ahua Umi, which is at Hualalah Thence the boundary runs down to pili land, to Palahinui, along Puanahulu, thenceto Hapukaa, on UInis road to Waimea on the pahoehoe. thence Kanupa2; a cave in pili land, now covered with the lava flow of 1859 to Kiholo; thence to Kanupa3 a cave near the' base of Hualalai, where the land of Puuawaa joins Keauhou. thence the boundary runs up the mountain to a cave on the side of the mountain, above the woods called Waikulukulu, thence to Puuakawaian old water hole now filled up by cattle tramping around it this place is the junction of the land Kaopulehu with Keauhou. Thence the boundary runs to the mauka side of a hill called Haaluluin a hollow between the hill and an ahua. Thence along to Kaluamakani, a large hole or crater. there Kaupulehu ends and Honuaula joins Keauhou thence along the land to Puulalaau a hill where the land of Puaa is on the makai side. The boundary of Keauhou runs along the mauka edge of woods above Puulalaau, and along to Mawae, there the land of Kaumalumalu joins Keauhou; thence along to Kamomoku to Judd road, on the mauka edge of the woods thence along what used to be the edge of the woods (the trees are now all grown) along Kaumalumalu to aa where K;~aluu joins Keauhou. I do not know the boundaries between the land of Kahaluu and Keauhou or between the two Keauhous. CXd By J.D. Paris I have never heard that the land of Kahauloa extends mauka to Keauhou. I do not know the boundaries of.Kahauloa. CXd By Commissioner There are two places called Kamomoku one on the boundary of Ronalo a pall nui in the Koa, 86 the real boundary is a long crack running up most through the woo~. the second place of . that name is on Kaumalumalu a' pali on tb~ road makai of Charley Walls house. Lehual'anui is a large land in the wOQds wider than from here to :Greenwells (about one (1) mile). Hukiku was the Konohiki of Keauhou at the time I went with my father and others catching" geese. He told us that one half of the geese.we caught belonged to Keauhou and he claimed the geese on all the different lands but always used to divide them. 1 was not old enough to catch geese at that time but only went along with my father. I do not know where Honaunau Keei and other lands end beyond Kealakekua or what lands join Keauhou along there. Kukai is makai and towards Kau of a water hole called Pupuewai. I have never seen Puueleeleor . Ohialele. I have never seen and do not know where the places called Puukeokeo Hanamauloa, . Pohakuloa Kaaalohi Puuhoohia Hapaimamo Halepohaha or Puulonolono are. I db not know the boundaries between Keauhou and.Kahuku near the woods but know them near the top of the mountain. Do not remember the name of the place where Kapapala and Keauhou cut Kahuku off. know a place called Puuakulua, it is at the hill aamoku, but do not know what lands join there. I do not know whether Kaohe of Hamakua extends to Pohakuhanalei oJ:..not. J kJ:l.ow the boundary between Humuula and Keauhou fromPohakuhanalei to Kolokolo and kaaa~a. Kapapala ends at Pohakuhanalei and Humuula joins Kaaawa there and Puanahulu 'joins Keauhouand bounds it to Kalalua the place where the Puanahulu people tried to kill my father. I have made a mistake in saying that Puanahulu bounds Keauhou at Kaaawa. Kaohe of Hamakua is the land that bounds Keauhou at Kaaawa thence the boundary runs to Palahinui along Kaohe and passing the hill ofKalalua; thence to Naelam~ule a place covered. by a lava flow. thence to Hapukoa where Kaohe ends and Puanahulu joins Keauhou. Kaohe is mauka side ofUmis road toWaimea and Puanahulu is makai of the road from Hapukaa alongPuanahulu to Kanupa2nd and Kanupa3rd. I have never heard that Kaapulehu reaches to the top of Hualalai. My father pointed o~t these boundaries to me. Continued till August 5!h AD 1873 Witness not having arrived. R A Lyman Boundary Commissioner 3rd J.C. Keopuka August 5th AD 1873 Case continued by adjournment from the 4th inst. Present J G Hoapili, J D Paris. H. h. Greenwell, A D Cooper and others. KahiloK. sworn I was born at Keauhou at the time of the building of the first Kiholo and have always lived there in Kona Hawaii. Honalo bounds it on the South side an awaawa and then a kupapau (a crack in the rock where the natives used to put their dead) called Lekeleke is the boundary. thence the boundary between these lands runs mauka the Kualapa on Honalo and Awaawa on Keauhou to Mawae at the Government road mauka. thence follow up Kualapa and awaawa to Kamomoku a pali surrounded by small trees. Koa, ohia, mamani, naio etc. the tall woods are makai of this place. there is an ancient pile of stones here at the mauka comer of Ronalo. There the boundary turns toward Kau. to laeaa, along Ronalo, to another ahubuilt in olden times, which is at the corner of Ho~alo and Lehuulanui, called Kukaiaina. The mamani most" growing mauka of this place. Thence along Lehuulanui toPali...[?] on Honuainonui thence 87 'j L tJ n U 'C) M i U u n .[: '1. L L (5 r [ [ r l [ r C~ I r .,) along Honuaino (called Kam9mana) (JG Hoapili says it is Makaike's land Honuaino Ill) thence to asm'all,palialongHonuainoin scraggy ,woods to Waio, Gov Adams road crossing the bounqary'at th~'PaliHoOJn.an~ (Ltio not)m,ow what the name usedtooe) where Honuaino' ends and where H;oQkukano j9insKeal.l4ou. thence along Hookukano to Waip, which place is on Hook'llkano:aIiqKan~aauwe: I 'd,o not knowwllichsideofthespringthe boundaries are; pili and trees are growing arqun<lthere; the maniani trees extend makai of this point. Thence along Kananaauwe thebounda.ry turning directly mauka to a hill called Kikikiaeae. I do not know the names of the lands ,that join Keauhou here. From Kikikiaeae which place is on Keauhou I do not know the boundaries beyond Waio. I have heard that Kealakekua joins, Keauhou and other Kona lands run up to the mamani and to the poha; Pahoehoe that breaks through when trod upon [sic]. My Parents and GrandparentS used to go bird catching for feath~rsas far.as W~ea and they said that there werebnly pu keawe trees on Keauhou. I have heard that Kahuku of Kau joins Keauhou on Mauna Loa, but have not heard where. Kamanae a cave at the seashore is the boundary between Keauhou1al and Keauhou2nd thence the boundary between these two lands runs mauka to the Poo Hoohia,__ above Keauhou. thence into groves of ohia trees, below the Government road, to a cave called Kaekualtapuaa; thence to a place called Kanokeliikapui, which is on the Government road. ~ An ahu used to stand at this place but was knocked down whenthe road was built. Thence the boundary runs to L~aunui"a large ohi,a;tree; said tree is in the woods about the end of where people work. Running from the Government road mauka there-is a kualapa and Keauhou2nd is on the low ground, this side, and Keauhou1Rl on high ground. From Laaunui the boundary runs to a pall called Paakai;Keauhou2nd at the foot and Keauhou1Bt on top of the pali. thence along the pall' until you come into koawoods andaa. there the pall ends. Thence out of the woodsto Pupaa, a cave on Keauhou lilt the boundary being on the Kau side of the cave. thence turning toward Kohala the boundary runs to Kawahao Peleahill with a crater. here KeauhoulBl ends and Kahaluu joins KeauhoU2nd. Thence along Kahaluu. There area great many hills with craters there, tall woods on lands makai and mamani on'Keauhou. thence to Kawaha Pele2~. I do not know what lands join Keauhou.there; thence to the Government road thence to Hoikekanaka. (Kahua hoike kanaka 0 Umi). thence to Pohakuloa, a large rock by a water hole, on theKau slope of Ahuaaumi, above Hualalai: Thence alonga'a to Waiakapee, a small water hole on the aa. Keauhou does not extend to. the top of,Hualalai, but runs along theKau slope of the mountain. Honuaula takes in the, top of Hualalai, and joins Keauhou at a hill called Kaunuoku which is on Honuaulea at Hoikekanaka. From Waiakapee, I have been told the boundary runs to Kaamoku but I have not been further than Waia.kapee. Have heard that Waikoloa, Kaohe and Humuula bound Keauhouon the further side. CXd Keakokanai is-the one who pointed out the boundaries to me when we went after mamaki and he is the only one who pointedo'U~ these boundaries, through the woods, to me; My parents told me some of the boun,daries..Myfatl1er Uluhiwa, now dead, who was an old bird" catcher sl10wed meboundari~s above the woods tp Waiakapee but did not tell me what lands joined. PaleaK Sworn ..' I was borD. 'at Kalahiki South' KonaHawaiiand h~ve always lived there; was born at the time of Kuewai ola Lae. Kn.OW the land of Keauhou;, L.ekeleke is the boundary at sea shore between Honalo and Keauhou. I know.the boundaries between Kalahiki and Keauhoui My father Kanahuna (now dead) was appomted,by Keauhou konohiki to watch the bird catchers 88 Li L! (~ ~[ [ r r' [ l on our land and ot4er lands, to see if they did not take the geese and'nwab:which belofiged to' Keauhou and he told me'the boundaries between these' lands and K~auhou:c:He said that ' '. ,:' K$ahiki ran thrqugh the woods; small ohia trees kapiopio and nUlmafli ththe'pahoehoe. then: you co;me' to Keimhou., I do .not know where the boundary of Kauhako and:'Kalahiki/on.... . '.." Keauhou is. Thence the boundary runs along the head .of Kalahiki;tO lae' aa, in lae;aa; :Waiea ",. ,', ' joins Keauhou cutting off Kalahiki. thence along above".the mamani to Lunlia, jtinCtion'.of:....', ' Ho~okua (a punawai) water hole on.a hill. I do.not know the boundaries beyond this point;:.., ! have seen Umi's road when we were on the mountain g~theringsandalwood. Have heatdthat Kahuku joins Keauhou. ... CXd No witnesses being on hand case continued until further notice to aU'interested parties. R A Lyman Boundary Commissioner 3M J.C. Lehuulaike North Kona " Case adjourned from August 5th AD 1873 and opened after due notice to all agents'of parties owing adjoining lands. August 6th AD 1873. Present J.G. Hoapili and ~v J.D. Paris. Kahulialo w. Sworn I was born at Honalo North Kona Hawaii on a place called Kealaehu and at the time of the first Kiholo. know the land of Keauhou and part of its boundaries, mauka, in the woods and above the woods. my Father Kuluahi who was the kamaaina of Kona; on the mountain, showed them to me. Kaanao Kiha a cave with a large pile of stoJ;les mauka of it is the boundary between Keauhou and Lehuulanui and the corner of Honalo;; I have not been with my Father along the boundary of Honalo and Keauhou. at that time.this place was above the woods and you could see from. Kiha to Waio, now the trees are all grown up. thence the boundary of Keauhou runs along Lehuula to Lae aa and to Kepulu a sPOt where there is soil and no rocks mauka of Palihoomana, there Lehuulanui ends and the land of Hookukano joins Keauhou. The boundary between Hookukano and Lehuula is a small stream of aa on the South side of Kepulu; from thence the boundary runs along Hookukano to Kiikiaeae an awaawa where my husband used to live. A large kualapa,on the left"side as you face mauka is the boundary. Thence to Makaulaula where we used to live when bird'catching. thence to Kaonohi a cave, thence to Ahuwela, a cave with water in it; there Hookukano ends, and Kealakekua joins and bounds Keauhou, thence to Haliilaukaa. I do not remember the names of all the points along Kealakekua. KeakaokawaiK, is the one who knows them all. I have not seen the place called Haliilaukoa (an old tradition says that Umi used to sit there because he liked the koa) thence to Kalulu. I have been there; there is a water hole there and it used to be a place for catching birds. Kolekole is an alma with koa on it in the middle of Kealakekua, and the boundary of Keauhou is just.mauka of it. The place called Kukai is the further boundary of Kealakekua. I have been there with my Father and he told me it was on Kealakekua. I'have heard Keauhou turns makai'at this place. Honaunau ends in the mauka edge of the woods. I do not know the boundaries. (perhaps Kawahapele is the boundary between Kealakekua and Keauhou going toward the woods.) I have been to Pupuawai. it is on Keauhou. Honaunau does not reach there, my Father told 89 ,...-\ (-j [ r r f l i { (~ I me it was Keauhpu, my F~tJ,1.~r also ~ld me th~t Kapapala Humuula and Kahe reached Keauhou on tnetop of Matina Loa:NaElemakule.'where the lava flow went that destroyed Kiholo is where Kaol1ejoins Keauh9u.at Uanaka.l1o~c~!e. Have not heard where Kahuku joins Keauhou. Uanikahoa,cave'fsjy~eie:t;he'Ka<>h~)~~l~ih~kule came 'to. at the time of.the settlement 'of. lands. These are all the! boundaries,;.that"I'know. . , CXd '. .'. ". ...... . .' .'. '"c,;.<vJ.:,"'X ...:';.g'::r" ' Ke~aakala is on H()o~uk3.J}Q,lI!ap.~~%fW~o.' t{iiRik,il:i~~.e'is along kualapa, puu, aa and lepo. know Kaneki but do n6t.!mo-<<r whether it is;on,thecbou.ndaryor not. ldo not know much . about the birds except that the KeauhouH:()nohikii.ttjo~ diVis~on ofihe geese. Case Continued till AUgU~t 8th AD 1873 R A LYman Boundary Commissioner 3nI J.C. Boundary Commission met' at Lehuui8ike ,t\dgust;8th 1873. according to adjournment. Present J.G. Hoapiii. . Keaka w, SWOrD... .' (Note same witness as on Leliuula) .' Lekeleke is the boundary between Hqnal9 and Keauhou, at the sea shore. from this place there is an awaawa running mauka. ~.do nQt know the .boundaries from this point to the , ...... .. upper edge ofthewoOOs. Have.heard that there is an awaawa running through the woods on , )" the boundary. Kipukaohelois on Hookukailo, a good way makai of Kepulu. KehepoK. (now j dead) used to have charge of Keauhou. said it came to this place, we used to go after mamake there but there is none above. he did not tell me this. was the boundary it is only my manao. I have been to Waio,buthave never been told what hmd it is on. The kamaaina KehepoK. tOld me when I was young that Waio was on Keal,lhou; I never went with him, but went with folks after beef. . '; CXd I have not talked with anyone about bo~daIies. Note 1 The witness Keakaw, is .very hard to 'get any ~vidence from. Note 2 Mrs. Johnson has another Patent on Honalo, adjoiirihg Keauhou. Case Continued to Keauhou. R A Lyman BouIidkrv Cofumissioner 3nI J .C. Keauhou North Kona Hawaii :August8~\AD 1873 (Evening) KakioK Sworn 90 I was born at Keauhou at the time Kamehameha came from Hilo to Kealakekua and from there to Honolulu, at the time of Oku. Ihave always lived here' and know thEdand"of Keauhou2nd and its boundaries. I used to' go after sandalwood on the'nioutitain With Kapohakaimokumake (now dead). He walS a kamaaina .in the mountain, and used to go 'across to Hilo. Lekeleke is the boundary b~twee~ Honalp and ,Keauhou at sea shore is kualapa. ' Keauhou being at foot of the ridge on tp.is side. thence the boundary runs' mauka along Honalo to Kukuikomo on the makai side of the Government road thence 8long the awaawa to the mauka side of the Gover~ment road place called Leiohapu, thence along awaawa into the ' VIl.oods, I do not know the boundaries. know a place called. Palahinui a cave where people used to live. Honalo ends makai of this cave at the mauka edge of the woods;. The mamani and scrub koa being on Keauhou.,. Have heard that Kealakekua and other lands only run through the tall koa; have never been there:' " The boundary at shore between the two Keauhous is at a place called Kamanae at the beach, thence it runs mauka to the head of Holua (an old sliding place) thence to the South side of Keahialoa the boundary running in a hollow, thence to mauka of the Government road to a place called Kanaokeliikapu, thence'mauka in t~e woods to Kualapa Kahoopulu. this is as far as I know the boundaries in the woods. On the mauka side of the tall koa'trees at Nauunuakalupe an aiaina Keauhou1at ends, arid the boundary runs toward Kohala. Kahaluu ' ends at the mauka edge of the talll+oa trees. They say in the days of Keauaumoku the Akule used to belong to Keauhou2nd and the birds to Keauhou1st but the Chief of Keauhou2 married a crnef of Keauhou1st and after that all the fish were given to Keauhou1sl and the birds and land mauka to Keauhou2nd. ' Mauna Loa is called the Kuaiwi of Kau. I have been told that Keauhoujoins Hilo'and Hamakua on Mauna Loa, at the edge of the aa flow, from the summit of the mountain. The pili is on Keauhou and the aa on 'Kaohe. have heard that Kaupulehu joins Keauhou but do not know where. . ' CXd Do not know anything ~bout Keanaokiha. Haliilaukoa on Waio. Waiamala is not in Keauhou. , I have seen it. I know Waiio js on Keauhou but I do not know where the boundaries are. Kuluahi the Father of Keakaokawai told me it was on Keauhou. Did not see water there. saw houses only. Case adjourned to the 9th inst. R. A. Lyman Boundary Commissioner 3ni J.C. Boundary Commission met according to adjournment from the 8lh inst. at Keauhou August 9th" A,D. 1873. PapaK. Sworn (a very old man) I was born at Kahaluu, at the time of Holuanui and have alWClYS lived there. Kaumalumalu ends at Mawae mauka of a hill called Hiinau thence along Ka.umalumalu. Kaupulehu joins Keauhou and takes in Hualalai; Keauhou onthis side. Kahulinanu is on Napu. Kaujoins Keauhou at Kalalu near the top of the mountain, at a grove of mamani andkukeawe Keauhou on thi's side and Kau above to top of the mountain. (I used to go into the mountain after sandal wood, but never went after birds. Have always heard that Kahuku cut off all South Kona Lands, and takes the mountain. Keauhou ends at Puulehua, above Kainaliu 91 r 1 I I I i L,_.J \) . \ I t,) (~ LJ ,r1 :'L I J l','l ,J r! r L L r....\ l) [ r r r l I r co:.~ --..'\ ab.ove the woods at: the fOQt otthe.mounta.in".ll1~qrg~thj.s when I used to go after sandal wood. Do'not rememper tl1e,'n~m1,es ofj;h~,fK;arp.~~.~~$,'whQ are now all dead. Kau is on,the otherside of them.ou.ntaiIl.": . . .,.' }/w, . .' . CXd, '. ,',' "',:',' . Case adjourn~d to'the:l1\h ip,stant ~,'-: , ~ ~.. R;J\.,Lyman Boundary..Commissioner 3rd J.e. . .-::" ,-,. '" , ' '-" Boundary; Comm,ission niet at Kea\lhou NorthKQna Ha~aii August 11th A.D. 1873 according to adjoUrnment from the 9th inst.,.Present J G Hoa,p}).i.' " WaiaiiK. Sworn' .' I was born at Kanauwaue North Kona Hawaii at the time Kamehameha1Bt returned from-- Honolulu. at the time of Palakee:Lived at Kainaliu until about eleven years ago when I moveQto Kealia South Kona. know the lane} of Keauhou, used to go after birds with ,my .f Father Nauwe an old bird catcher and he,poiIl,ted QY.t the boundaries to me, as it was:~pu to' go aft~r birds and not divide them with the konohiki. used to go frequently not very far above here. Honalo bounds Keauhou20n the Sout.h side~asyou'g(j into thelower edge of the woods. . I do not know the boundaries; a plaGe.in Okolea, in tl1e woods' called Kaimuhapu, a water hole, is on the boundary between Honalo and Keauhou. thence mauka to Kipupuike a small spot of soil with scrubohiain the tall ;woods; the taIl ohiabeing on the aaeach side 'of this place; thence maukatOKamomoku a small pali at the upper edge of the woods, thence to Keikinanahu, dose to scrub trees of various kin~s. thereHonaloefids..th~nce along the head ) of Honalo to'Kaukahoku, a large rock. at the corner 'bf the land Lehuulanui, then,ce along Lehuula to Keahakiha an ahu pohaku mauka ora cave, thence to KepUlu where there is soil. When! was young there w~reno trees ~here but now the trees have groWnup:Governor Adams' road is at, the end of Lehuulanui, thence along Hookukano, thence mauka alQl;lg the Government road, between two aa::fJ.Ows to Kamoomoo, thence to K~anaakala, a cave; thence to Kikikiaeae, where we used to live. the 'canoes makers of Hookuk8.noalso lived there. There is a hill called Puulepo, with a crater on it, there is, awater hole Iriakaiof said hilL thence the boundary tutns directly towardsKau to a place. called Karnakaulaula,. a pahoehOe kipuka in laau, mamani growing all arOlin~. thence to Aahuuela a cave with water (1 do 'not know the place. called Kanapahoa),~h~te Kealakekuacuts off Hookukano, from . thence the boundary runs along KealakekUa to Haliilaukoa a place near Umi's road; Kuluahi said it reac~ed to Umi's road, but this place is only near it. it is on the soil across aa, where bird catchers used to live, thence to.Kukai along a grove of koa trees small pahoehoe. I do not know the pointsbet1Veen. We did not go beyond th,ere in olden times. weJ,lsedto fight with Karl people here. Kull.labJ. anc;l Kalalahu's fatl1er w~re chased by Kau people a little above Pupuawai. I do not know boundaries above this point. Have heard that Waiakea Humuula and~oh,e run tip the,;ffi()Ulltai:q., K,aalaa).~ had a:roadextending to~he top of Mauna Loa;, I do not know where Kahukti and Keauhou end. Have not hea:rdwhetherHonaunau ,reaches to Pupuawai o~ not. Iha~e not heard-that they reacp far above the. woods. DO'llOt know the boundaries of KeaUhou aIlQ North Kona Lands. --. CXd Know a place called Kanikii it is a water :hole on Kealakekua near the boundary. Do not know the placed called Kalulu. KawahapilUsIllakai ofKukai on the north side of Honaunau 92 road for sandal wood. I do not know the ~undaries there. I have not seen Keakaokawai since Saturday befor.elast. Saw Lonohiwa my younger:sister: last night, also her husband, but I did not talk with them about the boundaries. . Case Continued till further notice. RA. Lyman Boundary Commissioner 3ni J.C. Kailua North Kona Hawaii i\ugu~t 11th AD 1873 Note KeliikanakaoleK. is the same witness as gave evidence on Holualua. on. ascertaining that he was a kamaaina on the mountain J.G. Hoapili asked to have his testimony taken on Keauhou, which was granted. Keliika~akaole K. Sworn Niihoa, uncle to my mother, is the one who went to lookout boundaries of Keauhou. I saw him when I was young and heard him tell what.the.boundaries were on. the North side. A place called Keakui, a road across the aa made' by bird catchers, a puu pahoehoe and a mawae in the centre, is the place where Keauhou2 turns North and cuts off Keauhou P\ ; Niihoa and Kekai the men who made. the road which is the boundary between the two told me this. I went with Kekai after sandal wood. the road runs to the North at Hopeia where you come off of the aa, there Keauhou cuts across the head of Kahaluu, thence along . Kahaluu, 'through pili and mamanito [?] called Naohuleelua, North corner of Kahaluu. (I can point this place out) thence Keauhou turns makai along Kahaluu to Kepulu, the mauka corner of Kaumalumalu, a pulu lepo, at the edge of the forest, thence along the head of Kaumalumalu to Kapukaike, makai of Walls house on Judd road (Nahuina is one name of this .place) .. thence to. Huaikaumaumua alae. koa on kualapa. thence along Holualoa.to Puualalaau. thence along Honuaula to Hualalai, a hill on the North side with a deep crater in it, said hill is the junction ofKaupul~huwith Keauho.u,. and the mauka corner of Hon:uawa. the brow of the precipice is Honuaula and.the land back is.:Keauhou. Kaupulehu comes to the pahoehoe at the base of Hualalai hill. thence along the head of Kaupulehu to the hills called Napuumahoe, on makai side, the,aa being on Kaupulehu, and pukeaweon Keauhou, thence to makai side of a hill mauka oflae koa, where my maJrnakane lived..Kaupulehu ends atthe koa grove. I do not know whether Puawaa joins Keauhou or not. I do not know what lands join along here. thence the boundary of Keauhou runs to Kanupa a cave near the new lava flow where thetre~s are dried up. Thence mauka along the boundary of Napuu on this side.ofthe lava flow to Kahuhinanei an ahuapohaku built by Hamakua men and now covered 'by the lava flow oD,.boundary of Kaohe.. Thence mauka towards Mauna Loa to a place called Keanaakalehuna, where a Hamakua man was killed for stealing food at Keauhou. thence ,to Kolekole a hill, a wahapili on the East side of Kolekole is the boundary, thence up pahoehoe eleele, this is as far. as I have been. CXd I have heard Kahuku and Kapapala and Kaalaala join at the top.of the mountain. Have not 93 1 L \ . I L c~ r L r It r [ [ [ (r,( .J [ [ . r . [ { I I ('~ --I heard wh~r~J~e;jyl1~l}:c).!~~~oft:,~<;?..uth~l\QX\~:~~gs:~Ilc1joip.s Kahuku~ I know the place called.. ~aaaw~, it',i~: &".gr9~\of-;nmo;$l~k_aJij,Pww;~tBs,!(eaISl~e.~~>from Kolekole. Kalalua is a cave which )Va~;'co.v~red ,ul~tbY+l*Y?:in:tk~;g,o:w 9(;1~59,; Kn.9W;~1 place called 'Palahinui; it is a'large cave ,on Ke~ullO.l.l;'H~py,'k:a~d~ xp:a.1tk.;~ 'Qf;Pm!~s r9a~.k:rigw a cave called Kaluamakani.or l{alalakaukolo ;js on:.toP~9f~:t;h~,m9,~~,~!:r;l:'i:;: ...,',: .", :';~.~,: ..,,~f: -_~ ,:::-'.';<',-':: :,;',)f"'\: -::t~!~:r>' \., ::,:_;,""'~:,,';' ~_~:-:~"" .':.+.,,:, Case continued till:furlnep' n<>tice~t()'aU:,p~rties.inter~s~q R A Lyman Boundary Commissioner grd J.C. .. . Note. Hualalai liillis a hill on. top of Mountain of same-name R A Lyman Continued to Folio 448. The Ahupuaa of Kei:1uhou2nd 'District of North Kona, Isl8:ndofHawaii 3d J.e. Continued from Folio 272. ' Honolulu March 12th 1874; Present J KKaai K.' Kupakoa Swom.' "" " J was bom at Holualoa,NQz1;h, Kona Hawaii at the time of building Kiholo. lived at Kona until the year 186,7 when:r moved -to Hopolulu an9. I still reside bere. Know the land ofKeauhou and apart of itshol.U,:ldaries. PuhiK. a cousin, of Keakaokawai's' now living at Kalihi,pointed out the boundari~s to me, He 'was ~ kamaaipa of the mountain having been ham and brought' up there. (JK Kaai says he is old'and sick) I do not know the boundaries at shore, only on the mountain; " Keauhou2d. cuts off Keauhou1st,.at a little manka' of a place caned Nakipapaakalehuna some koa trees in the w9Qds Keauhou1st does notreacho'mauka of the koa, but ends where they used to cut canoes;' Thence the- bOl,indary ofKeauhou2~~ runs,across the head ofKe~uhou1st to ,. Keanaaipu (a cave) at the juncti_o~ of Kahaluu. Thence along Kahaluu(inthe WOOds)ito Kanoa a point ofKoa and mamani treesf theplace:where the fire from Kau on the mountain went out" Thence alo:p.g th~ laI;l.d.ofKaumalumalu to Huaikaumauma, koa trees and mamani, o;n the Kohalaside of Judd road. K~auhoutaking the land niauka of the woods, and , Kaumalumalil ~he, woods., Th~nce the boundary'Tuns towards the mountains along Holualoa4th to Laenaia(a grove oftrees)Thencealong~olualoa~ (Laenaia being on that land} along the mauka edgeof~he ,:w:oods:t9 agulchrcalledW~aha, an,a.waawawherewater flows when it,- rains, thence al<>ngtp.e l~lld ofPuaa to,a hill called Puulalaau, to land of Honuaula thence along this land. to th~ tQp o:fHualalaimotmtain to a hill ~lled Honuaula; -this hill is on the land' ofHonllaula,an(hth~ boundaryofKeauhou2nd~mnjne along the foot of the hill. Thence along this l~nd to J\ilol>:ana a resting 'place on the pap' wh~re the mountain slopes towards Waimea, thence down to Keanapakii a small cave where bird catchers used to live, the mauka comer of Honl1aul~ and junction of K,aupulehu... with, Keauhouand with Puaawaa, 94 thence the boundary runs along Puaawaamauka to Kuhaalele, a cave. thence to Ohiapapaawai a water hole in among ohia trees. Thence to Kahulina...[?] alae aa, where Puawaa ends and Kaohe and Kapapala comes on the boundary of Keauhou (This is a place where the bird catchers used to quarrel). Thence along aa aIld land of Kaohe (theaa being on Keauhou2nd) up Mauna Loa to the alohi pahoehoe, thence along the land of Kapapala (pahoehoe on Kapapala) to the Keanakalehuna Akuko, a water hole ina cave on the side of the mountain, thence up the mountain to Puumau;a hill on Keauhou.near:the boundary, thence to where the snow covers the mountain, where Keauhou2nd ends, so my informant told me, as there was no waiwai there, and Keauhou2nd does not reach to Mokuweoweo. Thence to Pohakuhanalei, a rock [?1 on the Southern slope of the mountain, thence down to Puulonalona, a hill along Kahuku, where Kapua joins Keauhou. I have been there, Thence towards Kona along the mauka edge of the woods, cutting off South Kona lands, to Honaunau, to a place called Ohiakuapu, a grove of koa trees that runs mauka. Honaunau takes the koa thence along mauka edge of woods, the groves of koa mauka being on Keauhou to Keahou an old lava flow. junction of Kealakekua, thence along Kealakekua to a place I do not remember the name of. thence along Onouli (it runs out an old lava flow) thence along Kanauaauwe [?], along the mauka edge of the woods to Uwaukauipo a kua lapa mauka of Waio, thence to Karlefmeenui taking in Waio, thence to Anakolekolea, a cave mauka of the boundai-y of Honalo. I do not know where these lands join Keauhou. The koa from which we used to make canoes is all on makai lands and Keauhou is mauka. All that I know about the boundaries is what Puhi told me. Note Witness rested reserving the right for parties to examine him if they wish. R.A. Lyman Commissioner of Boundaries 3d J.C. Honolulu March 13th 1874. Present J K Kaai PuhiK. Sworn. (Quite an old man) I was born in Kona time of the Peleleu, at Hokukano, Keakaokawai knows a part of the boundaries. His brother knew them. I have forgotten the names of the places on the boundary. The ones Kupakoa testified too [sic] are the right boundaries, he told me the points he testified too [sic] yesterday. I cannot remember the places. Keauhou 1st ends in the koa woods, it is cut off by Keauhou2nd at a place called Mawae where there is a water hole, and a cave where my relations are buried. The boundaries way makai of this place Keauhou2nd takes the land, where they used to catch uwau, on the mauka side of the woods, cutting off Kahaluu and Kaumalumalu. Do not remember the names of the points Kaumalumalu reaches to Kuaikaumauna, junction of Kaumalumalu Kahaluu and Keauhou it is an ahua in the koa woods where the canoe makers used to have a heiau. Keauhou cuts off Holualoa2nd (do not remember names of places) thence Honuaula bounds Keauhou and runs up the mountain. I do not remember the name of the point where Honuaula joinsfKeauhou. Note Witness persists in stating he has forgotten boundaries. J K Kaai says that when he saw him yesterday he told him the boundaries and was disputing with the other witness) , Witness rested, to give him an opportunity to have it explained to him, as he seems to be in 95 f"l lJ \1 LJ C); ,Lj II c r- t [ [ L d [ [ [ [ t [ r (~' ''1 . I fear ofgeftirtg into,troubfe" if he.gives.his:~eVidence.,r.Fo. be brought to the stand again, if there seems 'to b~c,~~y cha:n:te,ofgetting. hiinto '~~~_his ~i~:nc~, ,.; .... . -," . :,.~; l(upakoa .' States he w1Shes to', correct his. evidence' given: yesterday. He says.thiit: he;made'a mistalfe ili saying that Puawaa ran up the mountain, he , should have .saicfpuauahtdu, as'Puawaa does not join-Keauhou at all. he says he can point out theboundaries.'all around the land Without'loosing.[sic] his way. He also states that where the stone rolls down.the mountain is the boundary and not the snow. He says he has not had any conversation,withPuhi about the boundaries. On being told,that Ruhi'said that. tHey had talk~d.together about-the boundaries last night he acknowledged that he had told him the points that he had testified to. Puhi persists in saying he has forgotten the boundaries4' . .--. Case continued until further.notic~ to interested parties. .'.~ ~.A. Lyman, . . Commissioner of Boundaries 3rd J.e. " ") / 96 ! 1 LJ .~' , ; (1 . .1 i :1...1 Cd n . I . ' . ..j . APPENDIX: KEAUHOU 2ND BOUNDARY SURVEY ~. . .~* "\, .:~ . [I I . J 97 n r-I L [ () [ .' [ r [ l [ [ ("~ -[ r io-:..;._ , 0-. . In :Re Boundaries of Keauhou 2!! . Distric.t.:of Nl?rth .Kona -:. Island, of H~waii. '" . " The Boundary Commission met at the house of J.G. Hoapili, Keauhou, North Kona, on the 15!h. of June, 1886, accordipg to N'otice in the Hawaiia,n Gazette, and Kuokoa, of May, . 1886, - there being present J.M. Alexander, S.W. Mahelona, n. Makainai,:n. Alawa, and many others. J.M. Alexander and S.W. Mahelona, for Petitioners. Evidence J.M. Alexander - Sworn - I began surveying this land B;t the sea shore, adjoining Keauhou 1~, Kaohi of Kainaliu being my guide - we began a little South of the land of Moikeha, and followed the survey of Keauhou pi wHich is under Royal Patent (1 have not the numb,er), on to the head of the Holua, an old sliding place. -I usually give the old notes of adjoining lands, and then my bearings and distances 'by the trtle-m~ridian, as 1 find it on the ground; then on to the Government road, to a pile of stones marked x above the road - we marked all comers ili~. . Keauhou 1~ and 2!! join. - then to Pohakunahaha. Kealoha Maui, and another guide - then on to head of Kahaluu, and to Kaumalumaluat Kaalapuali. - Kaumalumalu had not been surveyed before, nor has Kahaluu.- Palauolelo was our guide on to "Pihapono", at the'Souili sid~ of the Judd road, and on along Kaumalumalu to "Mawae", a long crack, and, on to Kauhikahua', a pile of stones Hitchcock put up, then to Holualoa, to where Kaoiwi alld Kamali had pointed out the boundaries of Holualoa survey. they two then shewed the boundarya<ljoining Holualoa to Puulaalaau; then on to Honuaula (the West Trig. statioll); from there on is as 1 have already given in Kaupulehu - to "Puunahaha" - then alongPuuanaulu. Aalonashewed me on, - we searched for the pile of stones by Map and notes of survey of Hitchcock at Nahulielua;thtm straight on to Mokuaweoweo, to Kaohe of Hamakua, toa volcanic cone in the crater of Mokuaweoweo, the corner of Kaohe,Kapapala, Kahuku, and Keauhou 2! as given in the Notes of Survey of those lands; from there on we followed the sUrvey of Kahuku, - Komaka, from Kaohe of Kona, being one guide. - Keohi, Kealoha Maui, and Johnson, were my guides along the Kona lands. _ where there are Patented Lands adjoining, we followed. them, and give them by their notes and N~ of the Royal Patents, to Hoonalo. - At Hoonalo, Keohi shewed me the boUIldary to the sea. Hoonalo has not been surveyed. - "Lekeleke" is the name of the boundary at the sea shore; then along the sea to the commencement; containing 106,560 acres - finished on May ~ 1886. PalanoleloK S. - I live at Kaumalumalu, North Kona. I know the boundaries of Keauhou ~ from Kaalapuali to Pihapono, and to Mawae, and to Kauhikahua, and there ends my work. AalonaK S. - At Naohulielua, Mr. Alexander wished me to shew him the boundary beyond where Palauolelo had pointed out and 1 did so along Keauhou 2!, and Raohe of Hamakua, to Mailehahee, to Puuanahulu adjoining land, where it meets Kaupulehu. - 1 know the mountain boundaries, not he shore boundaries. Commencing at Mailehahee, to Kalalakaupolo along Kaupulehu, and on to Honuaula, and to Puulaalaau'. Holualoa,:makai bf there, joins Keauhou ~ -then runs South aion,g Holualoa. - 1 never heard that Kaumalumalu went up into Keauhou, as given in the plan. The boundary should'run straight from Puulaalaau to Kahaluu, nearly out of the lower edge of the woods; and Hitchcock surveyed it so before; - Pihapono, Mawae, and Kauhikahua are way inside of 98 Keauhou - the bounda~y is Il~t at those places. - Below, makai of this, I do not know the boundary. Kupaakoa shewed me these boundaries. Mauna and Puhi told him - they were old kamaainas in the mounta~ns,'and knew the boundaries. - I lived there and went with Kupaakoa. Keakaikawai was, Hitchcock's guide in the mountain when he surveyed Keauhou, and he went to the same points I had been told were the boundary. Palauoleleo - recalled - Those places, from Kaalapuali to Pihapono and to Mawae, and to Kauhikahua, are, the boundary between Keauhou and Kaumalumalu, where the birds of Kauma.lumalu were caught below, and the Geese on the hills. - I lived at Puuahau and used to go catch birds in the mountain with my father. - I saw Hitchcock survey Kaumalumalu, and I helped him put up the piles of stones. I often saw Mauna; he was an old kamaaina here. - I came from Kapapala, Kau, with my parents - used to go to the mountain for Dau. I knew Kupaakoa., J.M. Alexander - S. - We followed the Kaumalumalu guides for th~ 'upper end of that land. _ at Kauhikahua we found a pile of stones put up by Hitchcock; when he surveyed that land. KeohiK S. - I live at Kainaliu, North Kona. - I am not a kamaaina of the land, but know the noted spots by name.- Commencing at "Lekeleke", at the sea shore, adjoining Honalo and Keauhou ~, and we surveyed along the Government road to the cave called "Moekeha", at the shore, then up to the "Holua", then up to the Government road then at another place, where Honalo joins, at "Kaukohaku". - that was all I shewed. I went with Emerson 2 weeks, and with Alexander a few days. - Lehuula and Honalo join there, where Emerson surveyed had been surveyed by other lands before, and I pointed out the corners and noted points of those corners adjoining Keauhou to Emerson, i.e. along Kealakeakua and other'lands to Kahauloa, from Honalo. Kealoha Maui - (his evidence is said to be the same as Keohi's - and is not questioned). Aalona - recalled - The place given as "Pihapono" was not the name of that place formerly, but it was a goat pen, called "Pa Kao", where goats were driven in, and the pen being very full once, it was called "Pihapono" - that place is on Keauhou. J.M. Alexander - In one surveying the land of Keauhou, we found Aalona to be perfectly reliable and well acquainted with all points on the mountains; but Palauolelo was very unreliable; we had a great deal of trouble finding places, and lost much time, when Palauolelo was one guide; but the reverse when Aalona was one guide; and he was the only man who could shew us the place called "Mailehahee", where there was stunted maile growing. Testimony closed - No objection offered. Decided that the Boundaries are as given in the Survey, except where it joins Kaumalumalu, which must be altered to correspond with the st,atement of Aalona. .. J. S. Lyman Commissioner of Boundaries 99 I L S [ [ r I [ t C r r l [ t [ f ("., -~r Appendix F Departmental Zoning Questionnaire ATTACHMENT Commercial, RM, Resort, & Industrial PLANNING DEPARTMENT COUNTY OF HAWAII APPLICATION FOR CHANGE OF ZONE 1 . if your request is approved, do you intend to subdivide the subject land in accordance with the approved change of zone? No (see 2e) If ye?, please answer the rest of question I and then to questlon 3. a. How many acres of the requested area do you intend to subdivide? b. Into what lot sizes? c. if your request is approved, approximately how long after the date of approval do you expect to submit your subdivision plans to the Planning Department for preliminary approval? If you intend to subdivide, please submit a preliminary schematic subdivision plan together with your change of zone application form. 2. If you nave no firm plans of subdividing the subject area, do you intend to: a. Sell or lease the land to someone who has firm plans? (See 2e) b. Sell or lease the land to someone who has tentative plans? c. Sell or lease the land to someone who has no plans? d. Keep it? e. other (please state) The Applicant's planned use of the subject property does not require a subdivision. A current concept of the Applicant's planned use is included in its Change of Zone Application. If you intend to do either a, b, or c, please elaborate on the kind of plans the other party has. Please, also, include in your answer approximately how soon after approval of your rezoning do you expect to transfer the subject land to another party. 3. What specific building plans do you have for the subject land? Include in your answer the following: type of building (apartment, office, launderette, etc.); financing arrangement; timetable for construction; and any other information which you feel might help us in evaluating your request. Kona Country Club, Inc., plans to deFelop 60 residential homes on its approximately 51. I-acre project site. In addition to the new homes, there would be a recreation center for the residents of the project. It will consist possibly of a pavilion or lanai, swimming pool, and barbecue area. The estimated cost of construction of the residences, landscaped area, as well as off-site and on-site infrastructure is approximately $65 million. Construction is expected to begin in 2010 after ail governmental approvals and construction permits are obtained. The phased development is expected to be fully completed within 5 years after construction begins. 4. Have you performed any study which would demonstrate a need for your proposed building and/or development? if so, please elaborate on your findings in the space provided below. The Kona Country Club has conducted a general assessment of the market and internally determined that there would be a demand for resort residential homes on the selected project site. Project planning and securing the necessary entitlements for the property during this period is critical in timing the Applicant's residential product for availability when the local housing market becomes more active and prime for increased product absorption. The Applicant's Change of Zone Application includes a description of the site's suitability for residential use and its history of being planned as a residential component of the overall development of the Keauhou Resort. -2- [ t [ L Q' ."f, : ._~ L [ r- r- r l () [ r r r 1 l 1 (~.~ " --"1 5. Have you performed any study which discusses the environmental impacts your request would nave on the surrounding area and/or the County? If so, please elaborate on your findings in the space provided below. A Traffic Assessment was conducted for the project and concluded that the trips generated by the new homes would have minimal effect on traffic and the surrounding roadways. Archaeological Inventory Survey (AIS) of the project site reported the presence of20 sites on the property. The Applicant plans to retain and incorporate the recommended sites for preservation within the common landscaped areas of the project. Additionally, a cultural impact assessment is being conducted and its findings will be taken into account in the planning of the project. The Applicant's primary consultant has conducted other environmental analyses in preparation of the Background and County Environmental Report for the Change of Zone Application. No 6. Are there any buildings on the subject area? If so, what kind? What do you intend to do with those buildings if your request is approved? 7. Is the subj ect land currently being used for any agricultural activity? if so, please list the kinds of products grown on and how many square feet or acres of land per product? No The project site is currently vacant and not used for any agricultural activity. -3- 8. To your knowledge, has there been any flooding and/or drainage problem on the subject area? If so, please describe the problem. No 9. Do you think that the roads leading to the subj ect area needs improvement? No If so, what kind? Traffic generated by the proposed project is expected to be minor. Access to the project site will be from Mamalahoa Highway Bypass which is presently open on a limited basis. A request will be to the County to fully open the road to the Applicant's property. Is the road adequate for the proposed traffic volume or load? 10. What sort of governmental assistance and/or improvements do you feel will be needed in the subject area when developed? -4- I L C( I- I L r r r t [ ~ o [ r r t 1 r l c; I For those checked "yes," please elaborate what type or kinds of improvements and/or assistance are needed. 11. Have you performed any historic sites study and/or survey of the subject area? If so, what were the results? Please, also, submit a copy of the study together with this change of zone supplement. An archaeological inventory survey of the project site was conducted by Cultural Surveys Hawaii and its recommended preservation of four possibly significant archaeological sites on the property will be incorporated in the common landscaped area of the project. Additionally, a cultural impact assessment is being conducted also by Cultural Surveys Hawaii and its findings will be taken into account in the planning of the project. Signature: Address: -h/9V?;~~:~------. "" 78-700() Alii Drive Kailua-Kona, In Telephone: 808 322-3431 Date: May 20, 2009 -5- 6338A/50A P. D. 5/84 Appendix G Notification List Owners/Lessees and Addresses by Tax Map Key NOTIFICATION LIST OF OWNERS/LESSEES AND ADDRESSES BY TAX MAP KEY 7-8-10: 51 Keauhou Resort Development Venture 2 LLC Harbor Court Ste 3000 55 Merchant Street Honolulu, HI 96813 Kona Country Club 78-7000 Alii Drive Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 l Kamehameha Investment Corporation 78-6740 Makolea Street Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 Kamehameha Investment Corporation 78-6740 Makolea Street Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 7-8-10: 30 7-8-10: 97 7-8-10: 98 PL8grHJ!f~~! ni~ SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT APPLICATION'- PLX~rJJ ri>lp ~iYrGIlNT zaw JUN I 5 PN 3: i q (Type or legibly print the requested information) APPLICANT: Kona Country Club, Inc. APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE: -77/;-77-:-,> /::'-;-:::::-::;;i? / '--' ADDRESS: 78-7000 Alii Drive DATE:. June 10,2009 Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 LIST APPLICANT'S INTEREST IF NOT OWNER: LIST PRlNCIPAL(S) INCLUDING NAMES OF MAIN OFFICERS: PHONE:(Bus.) (Res.) (Fax) LANDOWNER(S): Kona Country Club, Inc. LANDOWNER SIGNATURE(S):-:7::e' c>rr;.c//;?'-::...----.- DATE: June 10,2009 . / '...-/ - (May be by'letter) LANDOWNER(S) ADDRESS: 78 - 7000 Al i i Dr i ve Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 REQUEST: Proposed development of 60 multi-family residential units on a 51.1-acre site located in Keauhou, North Kana, Hawaii (3) 7-8-10: 101 ZONING: A-5a TAX MAP KEY: SIZE OF PROPERTY OR AFFECTED AREA(S): 51.1 Acres AGENT: Glen Koyamap Project Manager ADDRESS: Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd. 2153 North Kinq Street, Suite 200, Honolulu, HI 96819 TELEPHONE:(Bus.) (808) 521-5361 (Res.) (Fax) (808) 538-781~ Please indicate to whom original correspondence and copies should be sent. ORIGINAL: Glen Koyama, Project Manager. Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd. 2153 North King Street, Suite 200 Honolulu, Hawaii 96819 COPIES: Sidney Fuke, Planning Consultant 100 Pauahi Street, #212 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Planning Dept. Exhibit t SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT APPLICATION Proposed Residential Development North Kona, Hawaii TMK: (3) 7-8-10: 101 Prepared for: Kona Country Club, Inc. Prepared by: June 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......... ............ ............ ........................ .............. ................ v 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Applicant and Landowner ............................................ .................................... ............. 1 1.2 Property Location....................................... ........................... ........................................ 1 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT................................................... 1 2.1 Statement of Objective................................................................... ............................... 1 2.2 Development Concept................................................................................................... 1 2.3 Development Schedule and Construction Cost............................................................. 2 3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING, ANTICIPATED IMPACTS, AND PROPOSED MITIGATION.................................................................................................. 2 3.1 Existing Land Use............ ................................................ .... ................................ ......... 2 3.1.1 Existing Conditions........................................... ......... ....................................... 2 3.1.2 Potential Impact.................................. .......... ............. .......... ................. ............ 2 3.2 Physiography and Soils...................................... ................................. .......................... 2 3.2.1 Existing Conditions........................................................................................... 2 3.2.2 Potential Impacts........................ ....................................................................... 3 3.2.3 Proposed Mitigation................... ............................................ ........................... 3 3.3 Agricultural Potential.................................................................................................... 3 3.4 Drainage.................................................................................................. ...................... 3 3.4.1 Existing Conditions..................................................................... ...................... 3 3.4.2 Potential Impacts................ ............................................................................... 4 3.4.3 Proposed Mitigation.......................................................................................... 4 3.5 Groundwater Resources................................................................................................ 4 3.5.1 Resource Description........................... .................. ............. .............................. 4 3.5.2 Potential Impacts.. ......... ................................................... ........ ......................... 4 3 .6 Natural Hazards............ .............................................. ...... ............................... ............. 4 3.6.1 Tsunamis........................................................................................................... 4 3.6.1.1 Existing Conditions.... ...... ...... .... ........................................................ 4 3 .6.2 Volcanic Eruptions............................................................................................ 5 3.6.2.1 Existing Conditions ......................... ........... ........................................ 5 3.6.2.2 Potential Impacts. .... ........................ ....................... .............. .............. 5 3.6.2.3 Proposed Mitigation ................ ............ .................. .............. ............... 5 3.6.3 Earthquake..... ................. ...................... ............................................................ 5 3.6.3.1 Existing Conditions............................................................................ 5 3.6.3.2 Potential Impact......................................................................... ......... 5 3.6.3.3 Mitigation Measures........................................................................... 5 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB 3.7 Shoreline and Marine Environment................. ... ... ...................... ...... ........ ............... .... 6 3.7.1 Existing Conditions. ........................................................... ............................... 6 3.8 Air Quality................... ................................................................................................. 6 3.8.1 Existing Conditions................................................................... ........................ 6 3.8.2 Potential Impacts............................................................................................... 6 3.8.3 Proposed Mitigation.......................................................................................... 6 3.9 Noise Characteristics ................... .............. .................. ......................... ............ .... ..... ... 7 3.9.1 Existing Conditions................................................................ ........................... 7 3.9.2 Potential Impacts.............. ................................................................................. 7 3.9.3 Proposed Mitigation.... ..... .......... ................................................................ ....... 7 3.10 Flora..........,......... ...... .................................. ................................. ...................... ........... 7 3.10.1 Existing Condition............................................................................................ 7 3.10.2 Potential Impacts........................ ....................................................................... 7 3.10.3 Proposed Mitigation.......................................................................................... 8 3.11 Fauna............. ............................................ .................................................................... 8 3.11.1 Existing Condition ......... ...... ..........:......................................... .... ..................... 8 3.11.2 Potential Impacts...,.... .......................... ...................................... ............ ........... 8 3.11.3 Proposed Mitigation...... .............. ........ ...................................... ........................ 8 3.12 Archaeology......................... ...... ...... ..................................................... ........................ 8 3.12.1 Existing Condition .... ....................................... ......................... ........................ 8 3.12.2 Potential Impacts...:.............. ............................. .......... ~........ ............................. 9 3.12.3 Proposed Mitigation.......................................................................................... 9 3.13 Cultural Resources.......... .............................................................................................. 9 3.13.1 Existing Conditions.......... .......................... ..................................... .................. 9 3.13.2 Potential Impacts.............................................................. ............................... 10 3.14 Visual Characteristics....................... ......... ................................................................. 10 3.14.1 Existing Conditions.......................................................... ............................... 10 3.14.2 Potential Impacts........................................................ .............. ....................... 10 3.14.3 Proposed Mitigation.............................................................................. .......... 10 3.15 Infrastructure................. ............................. ................................................................. 10 3.15.1 Existing Conditions.......................................................................... ............ ... 10 3.15.2 Potential Impacts......................... .................................................................... 11 4 RELATIONSHIP TO COUNTY GENERAL PLAN, ZONING AND SUBDIVISION CODES................................................................................................................ ................ 12 4.1 County General Plan............. .................. ....:................................ ............................... 12 . ~ 4.1.1 Land Use................................. ...... .................................................................. 12 4.1.2 Economic....................................... ................. ........................................ ........ 12 ii JUNE 2009 Ci .J c ('''' '.;._~~'J SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB 4.2 County Zoning Code......................... ........ ..................... ... .......... ....... ..... ........ ............ 13 4.3 Kona Community Development Plan ......................................................................... 13 4.4 Required Land Use Approvals ................................... ............... ...... ... .............. ........... 13 5 PROBABLE ADVERSE, UNAVOIDABLE EFFECTS, ALTERNATIVES TO PROPOSED ACTION, AND IRREVERSIBLE AND IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENT OF RESOURCES ............... ............. ....................... ....... ........... .............. 14 5.1 Any Probably Adverse, Unavoidable Environmental Effects ....................................14 5.2 Alternatives to the Proposed Action ...........................................................................14 5 .2.1 "No-Action" Alternative.................... .......................... ..... ........... ................... 14 5.2.2 Evaluation of Other Alternatives .................................................................... 15 5.3 Any Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitment of Resources................................... 15 6 RELATIONSHIP TO SMA OBJECTIVES, POLICIES AND GUIDELINES ..................15 6.1 Coastal Zone Management Program, g205A-2 - Objectives and Policies.................. 15 6.2 Special Management Area Guidelines ......................................,................................. 23 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1: REQUIRED STATE AND COUNTY LAND USE APPROVALS.......................... 14 APPENDICES APPENDIX A: Figure 1 Keauhou, North Kona, Island of Hawaii Figure 2 Subject Property Figure 3 Proposed Development Concept Figure 4 Soil Types Figure 5 Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawaii (ALISH) Figure 6 Land Study Bureau Soil Productivity Figure 7 Recommended Archaeological Sites for Preservation Figure 8 Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide APPENDIX B: Traffic Assessment, Austin, Tsutsumi & Associates APPENDIX C: SHPD Acceptance Letter and Archaeological Inventory Survey, Cultural Surveys Hawaii APPENDIX D: Cultural Impact Assessment (Preliminary Report), Cultural Surveys Hawaii APPENDIX E: Notification List of Owners/Lessees and Addresses by Tax Map Key iii JUNE 2009 ---,..---- SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS o ALISH Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawaii AQI Air Quality Index BMP Best Management Practices CIA Cultural Impact Assessment CSH Cultural Surveys Hawaii CZM Coastal Zone Management DLNR Department of Land and Natural Resources EPA Environmental Protection Agency FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FIRM Flood Insurance Rate Map HRS Hawaii Revised Statutes HWRF Heeia Wastewater Reclamation Facility 0 HVO Hawaii V o1canic Observatory KCDP Kona Community Development Plan LUPAG Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide MGD million gallons per day rLV Lava Flows, A' a rLW Lava Flows Pahoehoe rPYD Punalu 'u Extreme Rocky Peat, 6 to 20 Percent Slopes f/' SHPD State Historic Preservation Division SMA Special Management Area TMK Tax Map Key USGS United States Geological Survey (': '_.oJ iv JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KaNA COUNTRY CLUB 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Applicant and landowner The Applicant and landowner is Kona Country Club, Inc. 1.2 Property location The Applicant is proposing to construct 60 residential units on a 51. I-acre site in the planned resort community of Keauhou Resort in North Kona, Hawaii (see Figures 1 and 2 in Appendix A). The project site, which is located entirely within the Special Management Area (SMA), is identified by Tax Map Key (TMK) as 7-8-10: 101. 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 2.1 Statement of Objective ) The objective of the Applicant is to develop marketable residential units on an available and suitable site in the resort community of Keauhou. The site would be ideally suited for residential homes to benefit from the panoramic ocean views of the Kona coast and its proximity to resort amenities, such as the Kona Country Club golf course, a facility owned by the Applicant. The proposed project would offer residences to local families as well as families who wish to move to Hawaii island and reside in the Keauhou area. 2.2 Development Concept The Applicant is proposing to develop 60 residential units on the 51.1-acre project site (see Figure 3). Although the preliminary development concept calls for multi-family residential dwellings, possibly attached duplex units, the final concept may consists of a mix of multi-family residential units and single family residential lots depending on the market at the time of construction. The mix of units may vary, but the ultimate density will be the same. A maximum cap of 60 residential units is proposed for this project. In addition to the residential units, there would be a recreational center for the residents of the project. It would consist possibly of a pavilion or lanai, swimming pool, and barbecue area. Infrastructure for the project will include a private access road, entry gate, and common internal driveway to the individual residential units as well as water, sewer, electricity, . telephone, and cable television. A homeowners association would be established to maintain the common areas of the property. 1 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB 2.3 Development Schedule and Construction Cost o Construction is anticipated to begin in 2010 after all County land use approvals are secured. The estimated (order-of-magnitude) construction cost for the residential dwellings, landscaped grounds, and off-site/on-site infrastructure is $65 million (2009 dollars). 3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING, ANTICIPATED IMPACTS, AND PROPOSED MITIGATION 3.1 Existing Land Use 3.1.1 Existing Conditions The project site is located in the planned community of Keauhou Resort. The resort's long-range master plan calls for the development of resort hotels, multi-family residences, single-family homes, commercial village, golf courses, and open space amenities, including historic preserves. Many of the resort's planned hotels and residential units along the coastline have been completed including the upland Keauhou Shopping Center. The 36-hole Kona Country Club golf course was also completed to provide a first-class recreational amenity for the resort. Keauhou's long-standing master plan designates the project site as multi-family residential. The site is currently undeveloped, and there is no improved access to the property. The nearest public roads are Alii Drive and Mamalahoa Bypass Highway, both located approximately 150 to 400 feet to the west of the property. The site is situated in the southern section of the resort and is surrounded by the Kona Country Club golf course to the north and east, a steep open area to the west, and a future access road to the south. ""..'" l . -~ 3.1.2 Potential Impact The proposed project would convert the present undeveloped land to an urban use. What was previously an unproductive use of land will be established as a new residential site for homeowners. The site has been part of the resort's long-standing development plan for residential use. 3.2 Physiography and Soils 3.2.1 Existing Conditions The 51-acre site is located more than 1,700 feet from the shoreline at the approximately 300-foot elevation of the Keauhou 2nd Land Division of the North Kona District. The (~,., topography of the site is relatively steep with pockets of level areas that are developable '~.J 2 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB for residential use. The steep areas have slopes of 20 to 30 percent while the flatter areas have slopes of 5 to 15 percent. Soils in the property include pahoehoe lava flows (rLW), a'a lava flows (rLV), and punalu'u extreme rocky peat, 6 to 20 percent slopes (rPYD) (see Figure 4). These soil types are indicative of the relative youth, geologically, of the project area. 3.2.2 Potential Impacts No mass grading is planned. The project site will be selectively graded to respect some of the steep areas of the site. Grading will generate erosion and sedimentation, but the rocky nature of the soil will minimize these impacts. 3.2.3 Proposed Mitigation The construction contractor will abide by all County rules and regulations for grading, stockpiling, and use of best management practices (BMP), and erosion control measures will be employed to mitigate soil erosion conditions. 3.3 Agricultural Potential There are three classifications of vital agricultural lands in the islands according to the Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawaii (ALISH): Prime Agricultural Land, Unique Agricultural Land, and Other Important Agricultural Land. Located within an existing resort, the project site is unclassified and not designated any agricultural classification (see Figure 5). The Land Study Bureau's Soil Productivity Map (see Figure 6) identifies the project site as an urban area and has assigned a "Not Classified" rating to the property. 3.4 Drainage 3.4.1 Existing Conditions Given North Kona's relatively dry climate (annual rainfall of 20-30 inches), notable surface runoff at the project site is generally limited to infrequent winter storms. Surface runoff in the area occurs by sheetflow. There are no natural drainage channels or gullies or man-made drainage improvements. The Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) delineates the project area as Zone X which are areas that are located outside of the SOD-year flood plain or have minimal potential flooding. 3 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB 3.4;2 Potential Impacts o No significant impact is anticipated from the proposed project on local or regional drainage nor is the proposed project expected to be significantly impacted by any severe stormwater runoff. Normal runoff from the project site is not expected to enter the ocean. 3.4.3 Proposed Mitigation As required by the County, surface runoff generated by improvements on the property must be collected and disposed within the project site. Accordingly, the proposed project will include drainage improvements consisting of drainage channels or swales and catch basins or inlets as approved by the County. 3.5 Groundwater Resources 3.5.1 Resource Description Ground water in the Keauhou area presently occurs in basal lenses resting on seawater beneath the ground surface. With an elevation of approximately 300 feet at the project site, the distance to groundwater is expected to be substantial. The nearest source of potable water in Keauhou Resort is the County's Kahaluu Shaft located approximately 1.6 miles to the north of the project site and at the approximately 0.. 560-foot elevation. 3.5.2 Potential Impacts Construction of the proposed project, which will include grading for building foundations and trenching for utility installations, is not expected to encounter groundwater. Wastewater from the proposed residences will be collected in sewer lines and discharged to the resort's sewer system which includes a wastewater treatment facility in Heeia. No discharge will be made directly into the ground. 3.6 Natural Hazards 3.6.1 Tsunamis 3.6.1.1 Existing Conditions The project site is located more than 1,700 feet from the shoreline and is not subject to potential tsunami inundation. According to FEMA's FIRM map, the project site is not located in any VE or AE Flood Zone, and according to the County's Civil Defense Agency, the property is not situated in any tsunami evacuation area. ~/ (~..~ ---) 4 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB 3.6.2 Volcanic Eruptions 3.6.2.1 Existing Conditions The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) assessed and classified the relative risk from volcanic hazards of lands across the island of Hawaii. These lands were placed in nine zones according to the degree of risk with "Zone 1" representing the greatest hazard and "Zone 9" representing the least. The project site is located within Zone 4 which consists of the lands around Hualalai and the urban areas ofKailua-Kona, Keahole, Holualoa, and Keauhou. 3.6.2.2 Potential Impacts Although the project site is potentially susceptible to volcanic activity, it is located in a moderate risk area (Zone 4). It is at the lowest elevations of Hualalai and Mauna Loa which as a result provide a form of buffer in distance and time that lava flow would reach the area. 3.6.2.3 Proposed Mitigation The Hawaii County emergency warning systems are in place to provide early warning signals to property owners, and Civil Defense personnel are available to provide disaster evacuation assistance. ..) 3.6.3 Earthquake 3.6.3.1 Existing Conditions Earthquakes occur on the Big Island, but most are undetectable. Many of the earthquakes are associated with magma or volcanic activity beneath the island. Since 1868, there have been 14 earthquakes greater than magnitude 6 on the Richter scale. Most of these have occurred on the south flank of Kilauea or Mauna Loa. Honomu, Hualalai, and Kona have also experienced large seismic vibration. 3.6.3.2 Potential Impact Earthquakes could result in various degrees of damage to property depending on the property's location and distance from the source of seismic activity. Various forms of mitigation measures could be employed to reduce the impact of earthquakes. 3.6.3.3 Mitigation Measures Earthquake proofing technology is available to architects to use in designing quake resistant buildings. Some structural components, such as shear walls, braced frames, diaphragms, and horizontal trusses, could be used and combined into what is known as a complete lateral load resisting system. Uses of these technologies as well as well as quake avoidance design parameters (no severe ground cuts or steep road grades) in site planning can be beneficial. 5 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KaNA COUNTRY CLUB 3.7 Shoreline and Marine Environment o 3.7.1 Existing Conditions The shoreline along Keauhou Resort makai of the project site is rocky and jagged. The sea floor is comprised of sand channels, boulder channels and basalt extrusions. These extrusions form and provide a habitat for various fish and sea organisms. The proposed project is located more than 1,700 feet from the shoreline and is not expected to impact the coastal and marine water resources. Further, it will not impact any public access to or along the shoreline. 3.8 Air Quality 3.8.1 Existing Conditions The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Air Quality Index (AQI) 1 measures ambient air quality on a rating scale, from 0 (being the best) to 500 (hazardous). Measurements taken in Kona near the project site measured 59 or a "moderate" level on the AQI. The current air quality levels in the Kona area are within the acceptable State of Hawaii air quality standards. 3.8.2 Potential Impacts o Once the owners occupy their new homes, the proposed project is expected to result in routine vehicle trips to and from the property. As resort residences, the number of trips generated by the occupants would be small and the emissions from their vehicles would be correspondingly minor. Existing air quality is expected to be . impacted during the construction phase of the project. Rough and finish grading, which consists of excavation and filling, will generate fugitive dust. Construction vehicles that transport equipment and supplies to and from the site will generate emissions. These fugitive dusts and emissions are expected to be short- term, however, and occur only during the project's construction period. 3.8.3 Proposed Mitigation Fugitive dust associated with the project construction will be mitigated by the adherence to Hawaii County requirements and Best Management Practices (BMPs) for grading, dust control, and stockpiling. These controls include such measures as erecting dust control screens, watering exposed soil areas or stockpiles, and immediate grassing of bare grounds. The AQI is an index for reporting daily air quality. It informs community members of how clean, or polluted, the outdoor air is, and what associated health effects might occur. The EP A calculates the AQI for five major air ..~'"" pollutants regulated by the Clean Air Act: ground-level ozone, particle pollution (also known as particulate C---"" matter), carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. 6 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB 3.9 Noise Characteristics 3.9.1 Existing Conditions Existing noise sources include traffic on Mamalahoa Highway Bypass and Alii Drive. The level of noise is low reflecting the low volume of existing traffic in the area. Other noise sources include golf course activities (the play of golfers and routine turf maintenance and repair operations) on the adjacent property. 3.9.2 Potential Impacts The number of trips generated by occupants of the project would be small while the noise emissions from those vehicles would be correspondingly minor. During construction, noise would be generated by heavy earthmoving equipment and construction vehicles. Diesel-powered generators may be used to power electrical equipment, and together with power hand tools, they could contribute to the construction noise generated from the site. 3.9.3 Proposed Mitigation Construction activities associated with the project will be scheduled during daylight hours. Late evening and night operations are not anticipated, but should such activities do occur, a noise variance approval from the State Department of Health will be obtained. A variance would also be required if anticipated construction noise levels are expected to exceed noise level standards for the area. No homes presently occupy lands adjacent to the project site. The Kona Country Club golf course and an existing open space surround the property. These uses provide a large buffer to the residential areas located further beyond the proposed site. 3.10 Flora 3.10.1 Existing Condition The central and northern sections of the property are generally bare of vegetation with only small tufts of grass and few isolated noni (Morinda citrifolia). The southern section is a grassland with scattered species of Christmas berry (Schinus terebintherfolius), lantana (Lantana camara), noni (Morinda citrifolia), ilima (Sida fallro;), koa haole (Leucaena leucocephala), and monkey pod (Samanea saman). None of these are rare, threatened or endangered. 3.10.2 Potential Impacts Development of the property will have a minor impact on eXlstmg vegetation. The majority of the site is bare of vegetation and grading and construction would occur in selected areas of the property. No rare, threatened, or endangered species will be affected. 7 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB 3.10.3 Proposed Mitigation o The proposed project will, in fact, increase vegetation cover on the property. New robust plants, including native as well as common introduced species, will be incorporated throughout the grounds of the residential development. The ungraded areas of the property would be retained as much as possible in their natural state and possibly supplemented with renaturalization plants such as those that already occur in the area. 3.11 Fauna 3.11.1 Existing Condition With the sparse presence of vegetation on the property, only limited habitats for fauna occur. The harsh dry condition of the site is more evident with its location adjacent to the Kona Country Club golf course which is covered with irrigated lush green turf and scattered shade trees. Any fauna in the project vicinity would naturally gravitate to these landscaped grounds. The area's predominant fauna include avifauna species, such as common myna, house sparrow, house finch, zebra dove, Japanese white-eye, and yellow-billed cardinal. These highly mobile species occur over a wide range on the island and are not rare, threatened, or endangered. The Hawaiian Hoary Bat, which is classified as endangered by both the o. Federal and State governments, has been observed in the Kona region, but its presence on the project site has not been documented. 3.11.2 Potential Impacts Construction of the project would result in disturbance to portions of the property at different times. Since the avifauna species that occur in the area are highly mobile, there would be little problem for the affected species to forage and roost in other areas of the property or in the more lust habitats of the adjacent golf course. 3.11.3 Proposed Mitigation Once the development of the residential project is completed, landscaped areas of the property could draw the avifauna back to the site, perhaps in greater numbers and in a wider variety. 3.12 Archaeology 3.12.1 Existing Condition An archaeological inventory survey of the project site was conducted by Cultural Surveys Hawaii (CSH) in December 1992 and revised in September 1994 (see Appendix C). The survey reported that the traditional settlement pattern for Keauhou 20 , an ahupua 'a encompassing the shoreline up to the saddle region between Hualalai and Mauna Loa, ('~ .~ 8 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB included a densely populated coastal region, an intermediate or transitional zone, upland agricultural and habitation zone, forest zone, and saddle region. The project site is located in the low density intermediate zone. During the archaeological survey, twenty sites were located on the property. Interpretation of the sites included temporary and permanent habitations, agricultural features, trails, and burials. 3.12.2 Potential Impacts The development of the project site could impact the archaeological features on the property. The State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) of the Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) reviewed CSH's survey study and issued a letter, dated November 7, 1994, approving the findings and accepting the final report and recommendations (see Appendix C). 3.12.3 Proposed Mitigation ) CSH recommended preservation of four possible significant sites including: a tube with a burial (Site No. 7610), a platform with a possible burial (Site No. 7671), a permanent habitation site (Site No. 7803), and a temporary habitation site (Site No. 7682) (see C). These sites have been taken into account in the project planning and are preserved in buffered landscaped areas of the proposed development (see Figure 7). 3.13 Cultural Resources 3.13.1 Existing Conditions CSH is conducting a cultural impact assessment (CIA) of the Applicant's property. In a progress report (see Appendix D), CSH reports that the project site is located in an area that has had a long history in population settlement. Important remnants include the settlement around Keauhou Bay, holua slide, Lekeleke Burials (site of the 1819 Battle of Kuamo' 0), and abandoned railroad bed. At least eleven individuals, community organizations, and Office of Hawaiian Affairs representatives were contacted for input and responses have been received as well as are pending. Overall, the responses have provided many accounts of life in the early days around Keauhou Bay and its vicinity. One account included the memory of the 1946 tsunami and how the ocean receded from the bay before returning with the big waves. Another account included the mo'olelo (stories) of the leprosies at Kahoe'e before they went to Kalaupapa. Keauhou was a former port of call; it had an important cart trail that was used to transport animals and local produce. It also had many cattle runs that past through the area. Keauhou Bay has also been a popular fishing area. Although kama' aina still continue to fish in its waters, access to the ocean and shoreline resources are now made via public roads and coastal/shoreline trails. None of the interviewees in the CIA identified accesses 9 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KaNA COUNTRY CLUB or trails through the project site that have been or are currently being used for cultural purposes. o 3.13.2 Potential Impacts Preliminary results of the CIA indicate that the proposed development is not expected to negatively affect any traditional or customary native Hawaiian practices in the project area. 3.14 Visual Characteristics 3.14.1 Existing Conditions Scenic resources in the project area include the Kona coast and Pacific Ocean and the mountains of Hualalai and Mauna Loa. The sloping topography of the project site lends itself well to capturing the opportunities to view these visual amenities. 3.14.2 Potential Impacts The proposed project will alter the visual appearance of the existing open field between Mamalahoa Highway Bypass and Kona Country Club golf course. What was once a barren undeveloped site will become a low-density residential development with enclaves O~. . of dwelling units within landscaped grounds and renaturalized open space. The spread- out formation of the residential units will be lower in density than the typical resort residential projects located elsewhere within the Keauhou Resort. Views of the shoreline and ocean by motorists traveling on Alii Drive and Mamalahoa Highway Bypass will not be impacted by the proposed project. The 51.l-acre site is located mauka of the two public rights-of-way. 3.14.3. Proposed Mitigation Mitigation measures are not warranted by the proposed project since development of the residential units will not impact views of the Kona coastline. 3.15 Infrastructure 3.15.1 Existing Conditions The project site has been recently subdivided out from TMK 7-8-10: 30 and assigned TMK 7-8-10: 101. Access to the flag parcel is provided from Mamalahoa Highway Bypass at an unsignalized, channelized intersection. Access from the highway bypass to the project site traverses an unimproved route, a distance of approximately 800 feet, (,~.., '~ 10 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KaNA COUNTRY CLUB within the pole portion of the Applicant's parcel. The County highway bypass was recently opened for limited use.2 The Applicant intends to construct an improved road to the residential section of its proposed development. The new road will be designed to dedicable standards but will be retained in private ownership for the proposed project. At some time in the future, transfer of the road to the County will be an option. The road will include a short spur for future access to the mauka land above the Kona Country Club golf course. Water lines, sewer, electrical power, and telephone lines are currently available in Alii Drive to serve the project site. The water system in Alii Drive is owned and operated by the County Department of Water Supply. Sewer lines in the highway are part of Keauhou Resort's sewer system which is privately owned by the Keauhou Community Services Inc. This system includes a wastewater treatment facility at Heeia, approximately one mile from the project site. Electricity is provided by Hawaii Electric Light Co. Inc., and telephone service is provided by Hawaiian Telcom. 3~ 15.2 Potential Impacts The proposed project will increase the use of Mamalahoa Highway Bypass for access to Keauhou and North Kona areas. With Mamalahoa Highway Bypass presently being available for public use on a limited time basis, the Applicant will be required to time its project opening to the opening of the highway's full-time use. The Applicant may need to request the County to open the northern terminus of the highway earlier for full use to provide access to its project if development on the site were to be completed ahead of schedule. In February 2009, Austin, Tsutsumi & Associates, Inc. completed a traffic assessment for the proposed project (see Appendix B). The traffic assessment concluded that the small 60-unit resort residential project would generate a low volume of traffic and, as a result, would have minimal impact on existing local roads. To service the project site, water, sewer, electrical, and telephone will require connection with existing utility lines in Alii Drive. The preferred alignment for the utility connections is within the Kona Country Club golf course property, which is owned by the Applicant. The Applicant currently has 10 water units from the County for use on its property. An additional 50 units will be requested through the Applicant's Change of Zone Application which is simultaneously being reviewed with this SMA Use Permit application. The Keauhou Community Services, Inc. owns and operates the secondary wastewater treatment facility (Heeia Wastewater Reclamation Facility (HWRF)) at Heeia. The Applicant will apply to the utility company for collection and treatment of its wastewater discharge. The treated wastewater is ultimately reused as irrigation water for the resort's 2 The County opened the northern section of Mamalahoa Highway Bypass from Alii Drive to Kona Scenic Subdivision on March 10, 2009 for use by southbound traffic only between the hours of 3 :30 p.m. and 6:30 p.m. 11 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB golf courses. The HWRF currently has a capacity of 1.8 million gallons per day (MGD) and has plans to expand to 3.6 MGD. The recent demolition of the Kona Lagoon Hotel at the north end of the Keauhou Resort has freed up additional capacity in the wastewater treatment facility. () 4 RELATIONSHIP TO COUNTY GENERAL PLAN, ZONING AND SUBDIVISION CODES 4.1 County General Plan The Hawaii County General Plan is the policy document for the long range comprehension development of the island of Hawaii. Providing direction for balanced growth, the General Plan enumerates the goals, policies, and standards concerning thirteen functional areas3 of the County as well as a land use plan referred to as the Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUP AG) map. 4.1.1 Land Use The LUPAG designates the project site as Urban Expansion (see Figure 8). The intent of the Urban Expansion area allows for a mix of high density, medium density, and low density urban uses; industrial; industrial-commercial; and/or open designations "in areas () where new settlements may be desirable, but where the specific settlement pattern and .. - . mix of uses have not yet been determined." Based on the County's General Plan LUPAG and earlier developed land uses permitted by the County in the surrounding areas, this project is consistent with the County's land use policies and development patterns for the Keauhou vicinity. 4.1.2 Economic Economic goals for the Big Island, as enumerated in the County General Plan, include the provision to "provide residents with opportunities to improve their quality of life through economic development that enhances the County's natural and social environments.,,4 Policies include an intent to "encourage the development of a visitor [and residential] industry that is in harmony with the social, physical, and economic goals of the residents of the County.,,5 The thirteen functional areas include: Economic, Energy, Environmental Quality, Flooding and Other Natural Hazards, Historic Sites, Natural Beauty, Natural Resources and Shoreline, Housing, Public Facilities, Public Utilities, Recreation, Transportation, and Land Use. 4 S 2-2 Goals, Hawaii County General Plan, (2005). "'--"'" ('--) S 2-3 Policies, Hawaii County General Plan, (2005). 12 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KONACOUNTRY CLUB The development of the proposed project in Keauhou will bring new residents to the region that would patronize and support local businesses and services. The continued support of these business~s and service would contribute to their viability and presence in the community. A number of these establishments are visitor-oriented as well as domestic-oriented which deal with personal and life-style improvements. Construction of the residential homes will mobilize employment in the construction industry bringing income and expenditure. into the local economy and revenues in the form sales and property taxes to the state and county governments. 4.2 County Zoning Code The project site is presently zoned A-5a Agricultural (minimum 5-acre lots). The Applicant is submitting a Change of Zone Application with the County of Hawaii to allow the development of residential homes on the property. The requested zone change is from A-5a Agricultural to RM-30 Residential Multi-Family. 4.3 Kona Community Development Plan The Kona Community Development Plan (KCDP), adopted by the Hawaii County Council on September 25, 2008, encompasses the judicial districts of North and South Kona. The proposed site falls within the planning area of the Plan and conforms to its eight guiding principles which include: (1) protect Kona's natural resources and culture; (2) provide connectivity and transportation choices; (3) provide housing choices; (4) provide recreation opportunities; (5) direct future growth patterns toward compact villages, preserving Kona's rural, diverse, and historical character; (6) provide infrastructure and essential facilities concurrent with growth; (7) encourage a diverse and vibrant economy emphasizing agriculture and sustainable economies; (8) and, promote effective governance. The proposed project is consistent with the County's land use policies forthe area. It is situated within the "Kona Urban Area" designation of the KCDP's Official Kona Land Use Map. The project's conceptual development plan calls for low-density residential homes that are sensitive to the site's existing natural conditions and area-wide social and cultural environment. The project will not generate impacts that will place a substantial burden on existing public services and facilities. Importantly, the proposed project will offer additional opportunities or housing choices in the local market. 4.4 Required Land Use Approvals Below is a summary of the State and County land use permits and approvals required for the proposed project. 13 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KaNA COUNTRY CLUB Table 1: Required State and County land Use Approvals State of Hawaii Historic Preservation Review/Burial Sites and Human Remains Review Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division / Hawaii Island Burial Council County of Hawaii Change of Zone Special Management Area Use Permit Construction Plan Review; Excavation Permit; Grubbing, Grading, and Stockpiling Permit; Building Permit Planning Commission / County Council Planning Commission Planning Department 5 PROBABLE ADVERSE, UNAVOIDABLE EFFECTS, ALTERNATIVES TO PROPOSED ACTION, AND IRREVERSIBLE AND IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENT OF RESOURCES 5.1 Any Probably Adverse, Unavoidable Environmental Effects Construction of the project will require earthwork by heavy equipment and use of construction vehicles. Fugitive dust, noise, erosion, and sedimentation will be generated in various degrees, but will be temporary and occur for the short-term. Government regulations on construction methodology and procedures as well as industry standard BMPs will help to mitigate these impacts. Existing archaeological sites on the property will be removed but the significant sites, as identified by CSH, will be retained in landscaped preservation areas. Further, if any archaeological features are uncovered during construction, the project contractor will halt construction around the immediate vicinity of the find and consult as well as obtain approval from the SHPD on subsequent action. 5.2 Alternatives to the Proposed Action 5.2.1 "No-Action" Alternative A "no-action" alternative would reflect the Applicant's decision to abandon its plan to develop the 5 1. I-acre site for residential use. This would result in the project site being left undeveloped and in its existing unaltered state. The site would continue to be unproductive in light of it being designated by State and County land use plans for urban development. Considering that the project site presented the Applicant with the best opportunity to meet its objective in developing residential units in Keauhou, this no action alternative 14 JUNE 2009 o o ~"'1 ( .~J SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB was not a feasible option for the Applicant and, therefore, was removed from further consideration. 5.2.2 Evaluation of Other Alternatives In considering the proposed project, the Applicant examined the opportunity to place the proposed residential use in other locations. It was readily concluded that the present project site provided an optimum location for residential homes within the Keauhou Resort with its accessibility to existing roads and utilities, vantage point for panoramic views of the Kona coast, and close proximity to its Kona Country Club golf course. The Keauhou Resort long-range master plan concurs with the suitability of the site for residential use. It has evaluated and planned the site to complement the surrounding planned uses. Consideration by the Applicant for alternative uses of the site, such as commercial or major recreational, would be incompatible with the master plan. 5.3 Any Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitment of Resources Development of the proposed project will commit the land to long-term use associated with the new residential homes. Private funds, labor, construction equipment, building materials, landscape materials, energy sources, water resources, and other utility services will be committed to the development of the project. Later, private funds and resources would be required for advertising and promotions of the project for sales. When construction is completed and residents move into their homes, there will be a long-term use of public/private utilities and services as well as a long-term employment of groundskeepers for the maintenance of the property's landscaped common areas. 6 RELATIONSHIP TO SMA OBJECTIVES, POLICIES AND GUIDELINES 6.1 Coastal Zone Management Program, ~205A-2 - Objectives and Policies (a) The objectives and policies in this section shall apply to all parts of this chapter. (b) Objectives (1) Recreational resources; (A) Provide coastal recreational opportunities accessible to the public. Response: While the project is located entirely within the SMA, it will not directly impact the coastline. The project will not restrict coastal recreational opportunities in the area. 15 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KaNA COUNTRY CLUB (2) Historic resources; (A) Protect, preserve, and, where desirable, restore those natural and manmade historic and prehistoric resources in the coastal zone management area that are significant in Hawaiian and American history and culture. Response: An archaeological inventory survey of the property was reviewed and accepted by the SHPD of the DLNR. The SHPD concurred with the recommendations of the survey which called for the preservation of four potentially significant archaeological sites. All four sites will be retained and located in landscaped or open space preserves within the residential project. o (3) Scenic and open space resources; (A) Protect, preserve, and, where desirable, restore or improve the quality of coastal scenic and open space resources. Response: The proposed project is located more than 1,700 feet from the shoreline mauka of Alii Drive and Mamalahoa Highway Bypass. As such, the project will not obstruct any coastal views from these County public roads. () (4) Coastal ecosystems; (A) Protect valuable coastal ecosystems, including reefs, from disruption and minimize adverse impacts on all coastal ecosystems. Response: Coastal ecosystems will not be impacted by the proposed project. The project is located inland of the shoreline above Alii Drive and Mama1ahoa Highway Bypass. (5) Economic uses; (A) Provide public or private facilities and improvements important to the State's economy in suitable locations. Response: Development of the project will mobilize construction industry employees and generate personal income and expenditure in the local economy. Employment of groundskeeper personnel by the project's homeowners association is expected to provide long-term, although modest, impact on the economy. The proposed project will also contribute to the completion of Keauhou as a viable master planned resort community. ("" "_-F 16 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB (6) Coastal hazards; (A) Reduce hazard to life and property from tsunami, storm waves, stream flooding, erosion, subsidence, and pollution. Response: The proposed project is located inland of the shoreline away from the potential hazards of storm waves and tsunami inundation and will be constructed in accordance with Federal, State, and County safety and environmental regulations to reduce impacts from stream flooding, erosion, subsidence, and pollution. (7) Managing development; (A) Improve the development review process, communication, and public participation in the management of coastal resources and hazards. Response: The Applicant is following the enumerated steps of the SMA application process, addressing the objectives and policies of the SMA, and providing its application for public review. (8) Public participation; (A) Stimulate public awareness, education, and participation in coastal management. Response: In its SMA Application, the Applicant addresses the objectives and policies of the SMA and opens the project to public review through the SMA application review process. (9) Beach protection; (A) Protect beaches for public use and recreation. Response: The proposed project is not located on the shoreline and will not impact any public and recreational use of beaches. (10) Marine resources; (A) Promote the protection, use, and development of marine and coastal resources to assure their sustainability. Response: The project is located inland of the shoreline and will not adversely impact marine and coastal resources. 17 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KaNA COUNTRY CLUB (c) Policies. o (1) Recreational resources; (A) Improve coordination and funding of coastal recreational planning and management; and (B) Provide adequate, accessible, and diverse recreational opportunities in the coastal zone management area by: (i) Protecting coastal resources uniquely suited for recreational activities that cannot be provided in other areas; (ii) Requiring replacement of coastal resources having significant recreational value including, but not limited to, surfing sites, fishponds, and sand beaches, when such resources will be unavoidably damaged by development; or requiring reasonable monetary compensation to the State for recreation when replacement is not feasible or desirable; (iii) Providing and managing adequate public access, consistent with conservation of natural resources, to and along shorelines with recreational value; (iv) Providing an adequate supply of shoreline parks and other recreational facilities suitable for public recreation; (v) Ensuring public recreational uses of county, state, and federally owned or controlled shoreline lands and waters having recreational value consistent with public safety standards and conservation of natural resources; (vi) Adopting water quality standards and regulating point and nonpoint sources of pollution to protect, and where feasible, restore the recreational value of coastal waters; o (vii) Developing new shoreline recreational opportunities, where appropriate, such as artificial lagoons, artificial beaches, and artificial reefs for surfing and fishing; and (viii) Encouraging reasonable dedication of shoreline areas with recreational value for public use as part of discretionary approvals or permits by the land use commission, board of land and natural resources, and county authorities; and crediting such dedication against the requirements of section 46-6. c= 18 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KaNA COUNTRY CLUB Response: The proposed project will be located more than 1,700 feet from the shoreline and would not impact unique coastal resources, surfing sites, sand beaches, or access to shoreline areas or waters with recreational value. BMPs will be implemented for construction activities to prevent violations of water quality standards and runoff from the property that might impact coastal waters. (2) Historic resources; (A) Identify and analyze significant archaeological resources; (B) Maximize information retention through preservation of remains and artifacts or salvage operations; and (C) Support state goals forprotection, restoration, interpretation, and display of historic resources. Response: An archaeological study was conducted on the owner's land and its findings and conclusions/recommendations were reviewed and accepted by the SHPD. The project's development plan recognizes the significant archaeological sites on the property and incorporates them in designated preservation areas. (3) Scenic and open space resources; (A) Identify valued scenic resources in the coastal zone management area; (B) Ensure that new developments are compatible with their visual environment by designing and locating such developments to minimize the alteration of natural landforms and existing public views to and along the shoreline; (C) Preserve, maintain, and, where desirable, improve and restore shoreline open space and scenic resources; and (D) Encourage those developments that are not coastal dependent to locate in inland areas. Response: The project's inland location will not obstruct shoreline views from Alii Drive, the primary coastal road in North Kona. Further, it will not adversely affect mauka views of the upland areas from Alii Drive and Mamalahoa Highway Bypass. The proposed project incorporates a low- density, low-profile residential design that harmonizes with the area's terrain. 19 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB (4) Coastal ecosystems (A) Exercise an overall conservation ethic, and practice stewardship in the prot~ction, use, and development of marine and coastal resources; o (B) Improve the technical basis for natural resource management; (C) Preserve valuable coastal ecosystems, including reefs, of significant biological or economic importance; (D) Minimize disruption or degradation of coastal water ecosystems by effective regulation of stream diversions, channelization, and similar land and water uses, recognizing competing water needs; and (E) Promote water quantity and quality planning and management practices that reflect the tolerance of fresh water and marine ecosystems and maintain and enhance water quality through the development and implementation of point and nonpoint source water pollution control measures. Response: The proposed project is not located on or adjacent to the shoreline and will not interfere with the public's effort to preserve valuable coastal ecosystems. BMPs for construction activities as well as O~ compliance with State Department of Health regulations will be undertaken to prevent violation of water quality standards and net runoff from the site to surrounding areas. (5) Economic uses; (A) Concentrate coastal dependent development in appropriate areas; (B) Ensure that coastal dependent development such as harbors and ports, and coastal related development such as visitor industry facilities and energy generating facilities, are located, designed, and constructed to minimize adverse social, visual, and environmental impacts in the coastal zone management area; and Direct the location and expansion of coastal dependent developments to areas presently designated and used for such developments and permit reasonable long-term growth at such areas, and permit coastal dependent development outside of presently designated areas when: (i) Use of presently designated locations is not feasible; (ii) Adverse environmental effects are minimized; and (iii) The development is important to the State's economy. (C) c 20 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB Response: The proposed project is consistent with the' surrounding existing and planned land uses. It conforms to the State Land Use Law, County LUPAG, and KCDP. The proposed project will also contribute to the development of Keauhou as a viable resort-residential community. (6) Coastal hazards; (A) Develop and communicate adequate information about storm wave, tsunami, flood, erosion, subsidence, and point and nonpoint source pollution hazards; (B) Control development in areas subject to storm wave, tsunami, flood, erosion, hurricane, wind, subsidence, and point and nonpoint source pollution hazards; (C) Ensure that developments comply with requirements of the Federal Flood Insurance Program; and (D) Prevent coastal flooding from inland projects. Response~ According to the FIRM issued by the FEMA, the project is located in Zone X,. an area of minimal hazard from storm-generated floods. The proposed project is not subject to storm wave or tsunami inundation. Its distant inland location and compliance with County drainage, erosion, and sedimentation regulations make it unlikely to flood coastal areas. (7) Managing development; (A) Use, implement, and enforce existing law effectively to the maximum extent possible in managing present and future coastal zone development; (B) Facilitate timely processing of applications for development permits and resolve overlapping or conflicting permit requirements; and (C) Communicate the potential short and long-term impacts of proposed significant coastal developments early in their life cycle and in terms understandable to the public to facilitate public participation in the planning and review process. Response: A Change of Zone Application is being filed concurrently with this SMA Use Permit Application to the County of Hawaii Planning Department. During this application process, public review and comments will occur. Probable short-term and long-term impacts of the proposed project will be communicated to the community. This proposed development does not abut the coastal area. 21 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB o (8) Public participation; (A) Promote public involvement m coastal zone management processes; (B) Disseminate information on coastal management issues by means of educational materials, published reports, staff contact, and public workshops for persons and organizations concerned with coastal issues, developments, and government activities; and (C) Organize workshops, policy dialogues, and site-specific mediations to respond to coastal issues and conflicts. Response: The Applicant intends to comply with the enumerated steps in the SMA application process. Also, a Change of Zone Application has been filed concurrently with the County. Public involvement will occur during the public review and comment period for these applications. (A) (9) Beach protection; Locate new structures inland from the shoreline setback to conserve open space, minimize interference with natural shoreline processes, and minimize loss of improvements due to erosion; (B) Prohibit construction of private erosion-protection structures seaward of the shoreline, except when they result in improved aesthetic and engineering solutions to erosion at the sites and do not interfere with existing recreational and waterline activities; and () (C) Minimize the construction of public erosion-protection structures seaward of the shoreline. Response: The proposed project is not located on the shoreline and does not involve shoreline structures. (A) (10) Marine resources; (B) Ensure that the use and development of marine and coastal resources are ecologically and environmentally sound and economically beneficial; Coordinate the management of marine and coastal resources and activities to improve effectiveness and efficiency; Assert and articulate the interests of the State as a partner with federal agencies in the sound management of ocean resources within the United States exclusive economic zone; (0" ~~~~'J (C) 22 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KaNA COUNTRY CLUB (D) Promote research, study, and understanding of ocean processes, marine life, and other ocean resources in order to acquire and inventory information necessary to understand how ocean development activities relate to and impact upon ocean and coastal resources; and (E) Encourage research and development of new, innovative technologies for exploring, using, or protecting marine and coastal resources. Response: The proposed project will not interfere with the State and County efforts to work toward and comply with the Coastal Zone Management (CZM) policies of "marine resources." The proposed project is not expected to impact marine and coastal resources in the Kona area. 6.2 Special Management Area Guidelines (1) All development in the special management area shall be subject to reasonable terms and conditions set by the authority in order to ensure: (A) Adequate access, by dedication or other means, to publicly owned or used beaches, recreation areas, and natural reserves is provided to the extent consistent with sound conservation principles; (B) Adequate and properly located public recreation areas and wildlife preserves are reserved; (C) Provisions are made for solid and liquid waste treatment, disposition, and management which will minimize adverse effects upon special management area resources; and (D) Alterations to existing landforms and vegetation, except crops, and construction of structures shall cause minimum adverse effect to water resources and scenic and recreational amenities and minimum danger offloods, wind damage, storm surge, landslides, erosion, siltation, or failure in the event of earthquake. Response: The proposed project is located inland of the shoreline and will not impact public access to public beaches, recreation areas and wildlife preserves. It will connect to an existing sewer system and wastewater treatment facility in Keauhou Resort and arrange with a private contractor to haul its solid waste to a County-approved solid waste disposal site. The proposed project will employ BMPs in its construction to mi?imize erosion, siltation, and sedimentation. On-site drainage improvements will be installed in accordance with County standards. The residential buildings will be placed in clusters within the property and will be surrounded by open space common areas. This low-density concept would minimize the visual effect on surrounding areas. 23 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB (2) No development shall be approved unless the authority has first found: o (A) That the development will not have any substantial adverse environmental or ecological effect, except as such adverse effect is minimized to the extent practicable and clearly outweighed by public health, safety, or compelling public interests. Such adverse effects shall include, but not be limited to, the potential cumulative impact of individual developments, each one of which taken in itself might not have a substantial adverse effect, and the elimination of planning options; (B) That the development is consistent with the objectives, policies, and special management area guidelines of this chapter and any guidelines enacted by the legislature; and (C) That the development is consistent with the county general plan and zoning. Such a finding of consistency does not preclude concurrent processing where a general plan or zoning amendment may also be required. Response: The proposed project is not expected to generate substantial adverse environmental effects that would not be minimized by mitigative measures. Construction activities that would generate noise, fugitive dust, erosion, and sedimentation would be controlled by BMPs and the contractor's compliance with existing environmental protection rules and regulations. The project's location inland of the shoreline minimizes or avoids impact to the coastal areas and marine water resources of Kona. Development of the project does not interfere with public efforts to attain or achieve the objectives and policies of the CZM and SMA program. The proposed project is consistent with the State land use law, County General Plan and LUPAG, and the KCDP. () Additionally, the Applicant has submitted a Change of Zone application with the County Planning Department to amend the zoning district for the project site from A-5a Agricultural to RM-30 Residential Multi-Family. (3) The authority shall seek to minimize, where reasonable: (A) Dredging, filling or otherwise altering any bay, estuary, salt marsh, river mouth, slough or lagoon; (B) Any development which would reduce the size of any beach or other area usable for public recreation; (C) Any development which would reduce or impose restrictions upon public access to tidal and submerged lands, beaches, portions of rivers and streams within the special management area and the mean high tide line where there is no beach; (D) Any development which would substantially interfere with or detract from the line of sight toward the sea from the state highway nearest the coast; and (E) Any development which would adversely affect water quality, existing areas of open water free of visible structures, existing and potential fisheries and fishing grounds, wildlife habitats, or potential or existing agricultural uses of land. (_.~ ".----~ 24 JUNE 2009 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ApPLICATION KONA COUNTRY CLUB Response: The proposed project is located above Alii Drive and Mamalahoa Highway Bypass away from shoreline resources and existing streams and open water features. It will not involve dredging, filling, or altering of any bay, estuary, salt marsh, river mouth, slough, or lagoon. The project will not physically affect any beach or public coastal recreation areas nor any public access to them. The nearest State highway is Kuakini Highway which is more than 6,500 feet from the shoreline at approximately the 1,000-foot elevation above the project site. Views of the Kona coast from this highway will not be obstructed by the proposed development. The project will not impact any sensitive wildlife habitats or lands that have high agricultural potential. The Land Study Bureau and ALISH indicate that the project site does not have any significant potential for agricultural activity or productivity. 25 JUNE 2009 ) Appendix A Figures @2009 Belt Collins Hawaii ltd. K 2007.33.5 1 00/003-2 kya 2009May28 S ?! (J Kauai Niihau \'\ Oahu ~ Pacific Ocean Keahole Airport Molokai ~ ~ui lanai'0 ~ (J Kahoolawe I . STATE OF HAWAII ..) Pac f c o c e a n South Point .. .~ c."".,.' ".<..".... NORTH . . ....." --,... .~ o 3 6 12 ~ SCALE IN MILES Figure 1 ISLAND OF HAWAII SMA Use Permit Application Kona Country Club @2009 Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd. K 2007.33.51001006-1 kya 2009May296 I \ \ N)- CUI- J.cr:: :JW trio.. U::O cr:: 0.. I- U W ..... CO ~ V\ c:.n o ::J .~U .~ ~ 0.1: ~5 ~] 0 OJ VI ::l <( :2: Vl c.) :i :; 0 S 0 c: 0 0 ..r:: N -I .-0 co ....... ro .~ 00 ~ .Q c.g E c: f- VlN....3: 0 UJ .- ~ 0 0 UJ E~<tl"O '" u. ro Q) 0.......... ~ <tl rn ~ ~ .~ UJ ~ ~ ~ ~:g " -' <( <( .... ..r:: .- OJ g U c: ~~2.cN 0 Vl OJ ~~.!!1~M .c E OJ ""O~o..ON ~~ OJ 01 'j;: <( .c 01'E c. <tl ...... C''': a. 0 c: ~ a; 5 .~ <( 6: <tl :2: .j:)~U<tl1l .... 10 O'I:=:E ~ U .- . OJ 'u 3f!!3'8.~ ('~ B OJ .j ::J C. ~~~~~ 0 Vl Vl z ~D Qj w ~ ~ ::J W 0 ..... Vl 009May28 7 K 2007.33.5100/004-1 kya 2 M.... CUQ. lo.W ::JU tnz .- 0 U.u .... z W :E Q. o ..J W > W o o W V\ o Q. o a:: Q. c.n o ::J .~O [3>. "- ~ - +-' Q.c Q.::J <( 0 +-'U "E ctl ~ c <lJ 0 CL::,<: <lJ VI ::::J <( ::?: Vl ~ "c ::::J ] ~ c C <lJ <lJ "0 U ";:;; ro <lJ c:: c 11 .g ctl ..r:: ~ u ~ u <lJ .it c:: /' C \1 <~01 z t:J w Cl W ....I 0 0 '" ~ LU ....I <( U Vl ~~ .' "" Vl OJ 0.. o Vi +-' <= OJ ~ OJ 0.. o N B N VI Vl OJ OJ g- g- V\ Vi 'E: +-' OJ ~ ~ ~ ~ E ~ 0 ro lJ") N g N .8 ~ .8 \0 U ""'" +3 >. ~ ~ ~ ro 0. "Vi ~ Q 2 >. u B.8 Cl1 e VI Vl 0 >. ~>- -tQj OJ Qj 0 E E E .c: ~ JgJg:g~x .~~~~~ (ij E c2 <;:: ~ ~ .~ Om co ~ ~ "(5 ~ 7. ~ ~ b ~ 8 &3 ~ $: >- g ~ ~ -= ~ It: ~ ;11111 @2009 Selt Collins Hawaii Ltd. K 2007.33.5 1 00/002-6 kya 2009May28 6 VI OJ 0.. o Vi +-' <= OJ u (jj 0.. o N B N vi <U ::i .!:! ~~ _wV') 0"0<= ~~.g ~3~ ~g~ .~D 5 -E.~~ ~~ ~ E o g-::; +-J ~6i~:ti ~~~ ~ ~~roc .Jl~3~ '0 := ~ :!2 V') l\) ...~ . :s: OJ Ol Ero::;~r::::' ~:::c.:=-oo ~o a 1:; ~ a: ~ .~~ m Vlro<l:ON i3 ~ 0 ~~ QJ'-+-1:=c" 'iQ.E ~ 3 <l: .j:)~Ero] :=rot:::E~ ~~ ~~~ ~~~~~ Qj ~ ::> o V1 E ro .2 >- ro U E 'Vi >- <= B VI >- ~ ::> -::tv) QlW :l..Q.. ~> 0\1- u:::::! o v) <=..0 o ::> .~o .~ C o..+-' 0..<= <l: 5 .'!::U E ro ~ <= OJ 0 o..~ OJ Vl :J <l: ::?: V1 o (~ .J o o '" I- o w o W <VI LL Z W -' <l: U o VI ~:r: t;: o z . ~ .. . ,,<c........ (~ U')w- QlUJ: ~Z~ :J-..J C\ j::: cJ: U::a:- 0= Q.~ :;EcJ: LL.J: OLL. c.n0 Ow ZI- cJ:::; ..Jc.n ..J cJ:w a:J: :).... ~O :).... U ti: ~ cJ: <:..0 o :> .~o .~ C D..t: 0.:> <( 0 .~u E ro ~ <: QI 0 Cl.~ QI V'l :::> <( 2 Vl - ~~~ "00-:> <:~.... ro-s 0 ~~.~ E 0 '" ~~~.E ....0. . a~o~ ";:: ~ t:..Q t- "0 ~:;ij ~ ~ 0 UJ 0 UJ <: M LL ro E~t.g ~ -' ~ ~I ~~ UJ 0') '-I- QJ 0'1 -' "0 3 ooo......~ <( :; O:~~~~ U "0 <: 0 Vl <: ro u ro -' .;:: ~,Lq!9..a~ -' rti 0'> \.9 Vl Vl"O _ ~I rti :; <( OJ ~ :::: '> ~ .... t;: 3 .... <: -0..... co 0_ :; ro .~ B ~ :~.~ Q) 0 :; u .... > z .~ .~ 0 "0 *~::t;.~<( 0 'C QI 0, 0. 'l= (j1f5~~~ 0 <( .s .Vi . <( QI V'l :~ ~~~ ~ QI :> t ro ;c E C" U :!:o.<:o.tj .c .r:: ~ 5 <: ~.s~11~ Cl. :::> :::> c 10 i1i ~I ~ :> 0 Vl c o 'p '" u <;::: 'Vi VI '" o 9- i:' 'S; 'p U :J -0 o .t 3: i:' .9 :~ \:J >. u ~ 11 -5 .~ '" 0 '" a; ~ u "8 ~ 0 C2:-'Z OJ ~IIDj c o 'p '" u <;::: 'Vi VI '" o ~ <>2009 8elt Collins Hawaii ltd. K 2007.33.51001002-8 kya 2009May29 7 ::i '" l!! :J 00 >.>' ...-0 'S; :J 'e~ E :J -0 ... -oc.s:; 0"'-0 ~ -' '" Cl...~ 0 ="tOC ~3:3: . '" 0 EI-o ~ :i~ 01:; 01 eo~r:::' Cl..c-oO ~~~~ \.? '~rvi" ~r::::6~ .- gen.;;: 3: N:::: Cl.. ~;::;m<c "'ClI3:-o Vli:2mQ) :=Q}:E~. ~ ~~~ m.C-.4-JU :c~~~ (!) > ';:: o \0> <IIr- 5> .~i= u..U ::J o o a: c.. ...J o VI ::J c:x: w a: ::J a:3 > o ::J r- VI o Z c:x: ...J c..Q o OJ .~ [j .~ C 0..1:; Cl..:J <( 0 :t::::U E '" ~ c ClI 0 Cl..~ ClI VI :J <( 2: V1 o o a a '" I- a U.l a U.l M u.. ~ U.l ...J <( U a V1 ~~ . (""") ,~ 009May29 7 .. td K 2007.33.51001005-1 kya 2 Q2009 Belt Collins HawaII L . "'.....z (IJ<O "'U- j-~ C') Ch>::C .- 0 u.......c:: OW WI/) <W :I:g: Uc:: C::o <u.. 01/) Ww Ot- z- WI/) :E :E o U W c:: o Z LLI Cl LLI .... .' .. c..a 0'" 'PO ~S o.c A.'" <:(0 ....U 'E ro ~ c Q) 0 a..~ Q) V> ::> <:( ~ VI ~ ::. .... '" VI C:- 2 "u&') .~ E: 5;::: ccS ~'o, "'.Q "'0 ~ '" := .2 ~ ~ ro"C I.....:. ~~ ~~ ~ Qj VI..a roE :;~ ....0. :;Q) UVI iI.i := '" * ~ c o 'p ~ Qj V> ~ a. ~ ..e -C Q) "U c Q) E E o u ~ ClJ .... 'v; ro u '0, o (5 Q) ro .J:; := <:( o o '" o w -' <:( U VI ~I b: o z '" (l! "0 ::l c: .... c: ro "'3 ...J U 0 en .~ "Vi <( c: w <( ro "0 ro .... w 0. 0 (l! c: X <( is > UJ Z "Vi c: .... c: 0 c: ro ~ W 0. W -e 0. E 'X w 0 0 UJ ::> cr:: z DI I w Cl W ..J e:-E 'm ~ ~ ~ ~ _ C:"O Em ;....O\~~ ~~.;~~~c &~~O:~o.~ wIElijwo"O V1"'-:"~\-.o"'C"""" ::l~ro~Ero'a ~~ g-~ g;~~ 5-0 >.o~] .a;'~cZ -..0 E Ii:: .- ::l"O E ::t? F::' roQ)C:o~~>o ~ c.Cu to mOo e~c\::~~ e.~~ Cl.. ~...:- ~ 0. Cl.. "it; M ~~"it;roro5~~ \.9 "- ~ I E"_ ro ";:: QJ :::l ro >. CIJ .!!! :E. a. ....\.9I.nc:ijj-;-,<( 13 c ~ "'C ~ 0:: &-0 V) .Q 0 Q) :::l _ +-' ~ :::: +-' ~~ :0 ~.r. Vl ~~3E~~~~ ~~88"E~~~ Q.i u :; o Vl @2009 Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd. K 2007.33.51001002-9 kya 2009May2B 6 ClOW QJO :;:> O'\C) U:z o ~ u o -' -' <C Z a: W t- ~ 0.. W '" :> o z <C -' c:.n o ::l 'gu .~ C 0..... 0.C: <(g .~U E ro ~ c w 0 Cl..~ W '" ::> <( ::?: Vl o o a a >0 f- a UJ a UJ M u- ~ UJ ...J <( U a Vl ~I b: o z . (~.~ J Appendix B Traffic Assessment R r: r: \:: 1\1' :c r\ ~~. \...".. L..:..- ~ 'f) ~_..... t~~ ATA AUSTIN, TSUTSUMI & ASSOCIATES. INC. CIVIL ENGINEERS' SURVEYORS 'lmn rr~ 13. n', 2' I 0 CONTINUING THE ENGINEERING PRACTICE FOUNDED BY H. A. R. A'o'STi'N.' IKJ 18'34 -' I / KENNETH K. KUROKAWA. P.E. TERRANCE S. ARASHIRO. P.E. DONOHUE M. FUJII. P.E. STANLEYT. WATANABE IVAN K. NAKATSUKA, P.E. Br-L-, ("0' I .~,.... ',.,.,- ,. ~- iJ p, I'..:...... t-;;:\~(;:.:l;; to- J _ ,_ t, 1,.) j: ..l.,.l, \:. ~._>, '. #09-010 February 12, 2009 Via Email Mr. Glen Koyama Senior Project Manager Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd. 2153 North King Street, Suite 200 Honolulu, Hawaii 96819-4554 Dear Mr. Koyama: Subject: Traffic Assessment for Keahou Resort Rezoning Tax Map Key: (3) 7-8-010:030 Keauhou, Hawaii Austin. Tsutsumi & Associates, Inc. (ATA) has conducted a traffic assessment for the proposed rezoning of a 50-acre parcel from agricultural to allow for the development of resort residential units located within Keauhou, on the island of Hawaii. Project Description We understand that the developer proposes to construct either 50 single family or 60 multi-family resort dwelling units on the 50-acre site located on the makai side of the Kona Country Club Golf Course, hereinafter referred to as the "Project." Direct vehicular access to the site will be provided via the future portion of Alii Highway, also referred to as Kahului-Keauhou Parkway, which connects to Alii Drive. The parcel is further defined as a portion of TMK: (3) 7-8-010:030. Figure 1 shows the location of the Project. Existing Roadways In the immediate vicinity of the Project, traffic is served by Alii Drive and Kuakini Highway which are two-way, two-lane roads generally oriented in the north-south direction. Alii Drive generally follows the coastline providing a link between Keauhou and Kailua-Kona. Kuakini Highway provides an inland parallel route that generally links the Kealakekua area to Kailua-Kona. REPLY TO: SOl SUMNER STREET, SUITE SZl . HONOLULU, HAWAII 96S17-5031 PHONE (SOSI 533-3646. FAX 180Bl 5Z6-1 267 EMAIL: olahn/@olohoy.ooll.com DFFllJES IN: HONOLULU, HAWAII WAILUKU, MAUl, HAWAII HILD, HAWAII Section 25-2-46 Concurrency Requirements of the Hawaii County Code requires that a Traffic Impact Analysis Report (TIAR) be conducted if the Project generates more than 50 peak hour trips. The focus of this traffic assessment will be on the trip generation potential of the 50 single family or 60 multi-family dwelling units utilizing applicable trip generation rates published by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation, 8th Edition. ATA AUSTIN. TSUTSUMI & ASSOCIATES. INC CIVIL ENGINEERS . SURVeYo~s Mr. Glen Koyama Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd. Study Scope Figure 1 Project Location N .-\ o .1 .2 .3 -' - Miles Keauhou Bay TMK: 7-8~10:030 . 2 r : I , L~ February 12, 2009 [ q' .-' L.. [' r-; I J \' I . \ 1- L [ c5 r r r [ l [ [~ (1 r ATA AUSTiN. TSUTSUMI & ASSOCIATES. INe CIVIL ENGINEE~S . SU~VEYOl=lS Mr. Glen Koyama Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd. February 12, 2009 Trip Generation A review of the trip rates published by ITE in Trip Generation. 8th Edition, indicates that the Project is most closely represented by Land Use Code 260 - Recreational Homes. ITE defines this land use as: "Recreational home are usually located in a resoit containing local services and complete recreational facilities. These dwellings are often second homes used by the owner periodically or rented on a seasonal basis. " Land Use Code 260 does not differentiate between single family dwellings and multi-family dwellings; however, the clustering of units together does not impact the overall travel characteristics of the Project. The trip generation projection for the Project will be based on a worst-case 60-unit Scenario and is shown in Table 1. Table 1 Trip Generation AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour of Traffic of Traffic land Use Oesi nation Recreational Homes No. of Units 60 The trip generation projection for the 60-unit Project indicates that a total of 10 vehicles per hour (vph) are anticipated during the AM commuter peak hour of traffic and a total of 16 vph are anticipated during the PM commuter peak hour of traffic. Conclusions The following are the conclusions of the traffic assessment study. · The 60-unit Project is the worst-case scenario and will generate fewer than 20 total trips (enter and exit) during the AM and PM commuter peak hours of traffic. · The peak hour traffic generated impacts of the proposed Project will be minimal due to the low volume of traffic generated. 3 ATA AUSTIN. TSUTSUMI & ASSOCIATES, INC CIVIL ENGINEERS . SU~VEya~s Mr. Glen Koyama Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd. February 12, 2009 . The Project does not meet the mInimum criteria of 50 peak hour trips specified in Section 25-2-46 Concurrency Requirements of the Hawaii County Code regarding the preparation of a Traffic Impact Assessment Report. The Project is anticipated to generate fewer than 20 peak hour trips and, therefore. a Traffic Impact Assessment Report is not required. We appreciate the opportunity to prepare this traffic assessment for the Project. Should you require clarification, please call me or Neal Kasamoto at (808) 533-3646. Sincerely. AUSTIN. TSUTSUMI & ASSOCIATES, INC. By ~ ~4s- KKN::NHK:mt KEITH K. NIIYA. P.E. Chief TransportationlTraffic Engineer Z:\2009\09-01O\Bell Colt!ns- TraffAssmt Rezoning 021209.doc 4 (~ Li r-: I i __J lJ (- , \ \ . f L L E""( (-) L [ r i I f' I i r I L l r L C--'I '->f r / Appendix C SHPD Acceptance Letter and Archaeological Inventory Survey jtiU;i.),~;>" JOHNWA1HEE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII STATt; OF '1AWAII DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION DIVISION 33 SOUTH KING STREET, 6iH FLOOR , HONOLVI,.U. HAWAII. il6813 r i- November 7, 1994 Mr. Doug Borthwick Cultural Surveys Hawaii 733 North Kalaheo Avenue Kailua, Hawaii 96734 Dear Mr. Borthwick: SUBJECT: Review of Revised Archaeological Inventory Survey -- Kona Country Club Estates (Otaka Inc.) Keauhou, North Km1a,Ha.waii : TMK: 7-8-1~: POI'. 30 ' KEITH AIWB. CHAlIU'BRSON BOARD OF lAHD AND NATURAl RESOURCE DEPlJTIES JOHN P. KEF'PElER fI DONA L HANAlKE AQUACULTURe DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AQUATIC RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND ENJllRONMENT Al AfFAIRS CONSERVATION AND RESOURCES ENFORCEMENT . . CONVE'(.ANCE~ FGl,f\EST:Rt:AND WlLOUFE HIs:TORlC: !?RESERVATION ! DivisION , LAND MANAGEMENT STATE PARKS WATER AND LAND DEVELOPMENT LOG NO: 13136 ,V DOC NO: 941lRC04 . , Thank you for your letter of November 3, 1994; which submitted the revised survey report (Borthwick, McDermott, Colin & Hammatt 1994. Archaeological Inventory Survey of the Proposed KClqa Country . . . I . I Club Estates Project Site. Cultural Surveys Hawaii ms revised Sept. 1994.). Revision's were tnade in reference to our letter of July 26, 1994. ') The revisions acceptably meet our concerns. The report is now acceptable. In our July 26, 1994, letter, we agreed that 20 significant historic sites were present, and we agreed with the mitigation proposals -- data recovery of 16 sites and preservation of four sites (including burial site 7610 with one burial in a tube and possible burial site 7671). We noted that the Burial Council must vote 011 the proposal to preserve the two burial sites.. We will pass your comments in your current letter to Mr. , Ayau of our Burials Program staff, and he will be in contact. with you. Please have your landowner/client contact our Archaeology Branch ~Pat McCoy, 587-0006) on the possibility of including some of the agricultural Clearing areas within the preserved sites. I I i I j , \ t --:::::. ' DON HIBBARD, Administrator State tlistoric Preservation Division c: E. A yau, Burials Program V. Goldstein, Plamling Dept., County of Hawaii \ " ' ., '\ ( C/'" cP~-9l.f_V9~lJ STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION DIVISION 33 SOUTH KING STREET. 6TH FLOOR HONOLULU. HAWAII 96813 KIUTIf AHUI.C1WIlI'IUlSON R E eEl V E 0 SOAllO OF WlO MiD NATUIW.I\ESOURCE OEPVTIEI JOHN P. KEPf'ELER . 7m? r"EP I 9 PIA I: ft /I paNA L HAHAI(f !.l.,l r ., I '1 I .'t't . IOHN WAIKEE GOVERNOR OF HI'.WAIl " " DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES "' July 26, 1994 v Mr. Doug Borthwick Cultural Surveys Hawaii 733 North Kalaheo A venue Kailua, Hawaii 96734 LOG NO: 12305 DOC NO: 9407RC30 Dear Mr. Borthwick: SUBJECT: Review of Archaeological Inventory Survey -- Kona Country Club Fm:ates (Otaka Inc.) KeaUhou, North Kana, Hawaii TMK: 7-8-10: por.30 This responds to your submittal of this report to Kanalei Shun, formerly of our staff, on April 14, 1993. Our apologies for the long overdue review. This report is titled Archaeological.Inventory Survey of the Proposed Kona Country Club Estates Project Site, Keauhou, North Kona, Hawai'i Island (1992. Borthwick, McDermott, Colin and Hammatt. Cultural Surveys Hawaii ms.). We find that the survey adequately covered the project area, finding a total of 20 historic sites. The background review of the ahupua'a settlement pattern is et::ellent, clearly predicting site patterns for the project area -- low density informal agricultural with mostly temporary habitations and some permanent habitations. This pattern is in fact what w3:s found. The site descriptions are generally acceptable, with the exception that site plan maps are missing for several sites (7610, 7622, 7623, 7624, 7670) and several minor points listed in.the Atta~hment. With the understanding that this information will be sent as replacement pages and/or addendum pages, we will finish our review here. We agree with the significance evaluations -- 14 sites are significant solely for their information content and 6 for multiple criteria. C9t;'9!t Pag~ 2 We also agree with the mitigation proposals. Preservation of four sites is to occur -- 7610 (a tube with a burial), 7671 (a platform with a possible burial), a permanent habitation site (7803), and a temporary habitation site (7682). The latter two sites should be useful for interpretation of intermediate zone settlement patterns in the resort. [Table 1 is incorrect in listing trail 7628 for selective preservation, we assume; since the text on page 69 indicates portions are preserved in the adjacent golf course and will not be practical to preserve here.] Since this trail and another are small segments, we see no need to preserve them in this area. We would like to suggest that some of the agricultural clearing areas be preserved, as this kind of adaptation in Keauhou is not slated for preservation to our knowledge. This should be preserved as a landscape, to give the feel for farming these lqods. If possible, one or more of the 4 sites to be preserved should be merged with such a landscape. We agree that the remaining 16 sites can undergo archaeological data recovery. Please note that our Hawai'i Island Burial Council must vote on the proposal to preserve the two burial sites. Please contact Edward Ayau of our Burials Program (587-0010) to fmd out the 'information that the Council will need and to be placed on the Council's agenda. Once the Council votes, then the mitigation proposals can be finalized for the two burial sites. With the above comments, with the understanding that the needed site descriptive information will be submitted and with the understanding that the Burial Council must vote on the mitigation proposal for the burials and with the possibility of preserving some of the agricultural clearings to be discussed and resolved, we believe that the project is likely to have "no adverse effect" on significant historic sites with the mitigation commitments. The next step after the Burial Council's vote will be to submit archaeological data recovery and preservation plans (detailed scopes of work) to our Division for approval, and to the County Planning Department if the development will occur under a County permit. If you have any questions, please feel free to call Ross Cordy or Pat McCoy. RC:rn c: V. Goldstein, Planning Dept., County of Hawaii E. Ayau; DLNR Burials Program 11 LJ 0' c-' i U fl LJ n II r'l ..1 l [ (5 [ r r [P l [ [ ..r_,,\ Cr [- Pagr 3 ATIACHMENT COMMENTS ON INVENTORY SURVEY KONA COUNTRY CLUB ESTATES CULTURAL SURVEYS HAWAII . Site Descriptions 1. Site 7601, Features C and D need to be shown in relation to A & B on a map (either Figure 4 or Figure 9). 2. Plan maps are needed for sites 7610, 7622, 7623, 7624, 7670. 3. Site 7622, p. 37. Were artifacts or midden present? 4. Site 7628. The text describes a length of trail existing that ~~ms to be much shorter than what is shown on the site location map (Fig. 4). Which is correct? 5. Sites 7628 and 7633. Are the stepping stones of the trails placed on natural'a'a, or is the trail path crushed into the 'a'a, with stepping stones then places on this crushed surface? Some photos would be useful. 6. Site 7669, p. 43. Where is the base of the structure -- in what layer? 7. p. 61 -- What are the size, construction style, associations, etc. found in prior,work at Keauhou which are interpreted as indicators of temporary habitations? 8. p. 61 -- What criteria are used to identify permanent habitations? ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY OF THE <' PROPOSED KONA COUNTRY CLUB ESTATES . . . PROJECT SITE KEAUHOU, NORTH KONA, HAWAI'I ISLAND (TMK 7-8-10:por.30) by -'"\, Douglas F. Borthwick, B.A. Matthew McDermott, B.A. . Brian Colin and Hallett H. Hammatt, Ph.D. for OTAKA INC. Cultural Surveys Hawaii December 1992 Revised Se tember 1994 ABSTRACT At the request of Otaka Info, Cultural Surveys Hawaii conducted an archaeological inventory' survey' of an approximately 50-acre parcel in Keauhou 2nd, North Kona, Hawai'i. The ahupua'a ofKeauhou 2nd is very large (ca. 110,000 acres) encompassing the saddle reiP.on between Hualalai and Maunaloa. The traditional settlement pattern for Keauhou 2nd included a densely populated coastal zone, an intermediate or transitional zone, upland agricultural and habitation zone, forest zone, and saddle region. The project area is within the low site density intermediate zone. The projeCt area contains both 'ala and pahoehoe lava. Virtually unvegetated 'ala dominates the northern half of the project area with densely vegetated pahoehoe lava in the southern half. Lava type was a definite factor in determining site type and functional interpretations. During the survey twenty sites were located and described. F\mction31 interPretations of the sites include ~mporary. and permanent habitation, agricultural, trails, and.'b~als. Three sites were tested ,yielding lin).it.ed quantities of midden and artifacts. Four charcoal samples were collected, two of which were analyzed, one yielded a modern date and the other had a range of A.D. 1645 to 1950. Of the twenty sites three are recommended for preservation. The three sites include one confirlnedburial site (-7610), one probable burial, site (-7671) and one permanent habitation complex.: (-7803). The remaining sites are recommended to be treated as part of a Data Recovery Plan. This plan will n.eed to be, reviewed and approved by the State Historic Preservation Division of the De~artment of Land an~ Natural Resources. ' . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to thank Mr. Sidney Fuke for his assistance in coordinating this project. .. The fieldwork was conducted under the supervision of Douglas Borthwick, B.A. and Matt McDermott, B.A. The field crew included Ingrid Carlson, B.A., Tim,Barr, B.S:, Steven Whitworth, B.A. and John Driscoll, B.A. Their professional assistance was greatly appreciated. Laboratory analysis of midden and artifacts was conducted under the supervision of John Winieski, B.A. Drafting was accomplished by Bryce Myers and Ingrid.Carlson. Dr. Vicki Creed and Brian Colin performed the word processing for this report. Mahalo to all these individuals. -t.; [1 II t'.__f 11 I ! L_J C) 'I i LJ . [,1 \j f- t [ L l d [ [ r r l l [ r'''" ( ~j' I TABLE OF, CONTENTS ABSTRAC'l' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . . 0 0 0 . . . . . .. 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, . , . . 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 . . . . 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . . 0 0, . 0 0 0 0 . . . . . 0 . .. 0 11 LIST OF FIGURES . . . . 0 . 0 0' . '. . 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . . . 0 . 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . . . . 0 . . . 0 0 . . 0 0 v LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . 0 0 . . . . 0 0 0 . 0 . . . . . . . . . 0 0 0 . ~ . . 0 0 . . . 0 . . . 0 . . . . . . . o. v I. INTRODUCTION 0 0 0 0 . . 0 . . 0,' 0 0 . 0 0 . . . . . 0 . . . 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 . . . 0 . 0 . . . . . . . 0 . . 0 1 Project Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 0 . 0 . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . 1 Methods .... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . . 0 ; . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 '. . 0 . . . . . . . . 0 . . 0 . . 0 3 Project Area Del)cription . . . 0 . . 0 . 0 . . . . 0 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . 0 . 0 . . . . . . 0 . 0 . .. 3 II. mSTORIC BACKGROUND . 0 . . . . 0 0 . 0 0 . . 0 . . . . 0 . . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . 0 8 Introduction 0...... 0 0 . 0 0 . . . 0 . . . . 0 . . 0 0 . . . 0 0 . . . . . . 0 . . . . 0 0 . . . . 0 . . 0 8 . Pre.;.coht~ct.Period , 0 . 0 0 . . . . ~ 0 . 0 . . 00 0 . . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . 0 o. 9 a. Coastal ZQne 0 . 0 0 . . . . 0 . 0 . 0 . . . '. . . ~ 0 0 0 . 0 . . 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . 0 0 0 . . 9 bo Intermediate Zone. 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 . . 0 . 0 . 0 0 . . 0 . . . . . . . 0 . o. 11 c. Upland Zone 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . . . . 0 . 0 . . 0 . . . 0 0 . . 0 0 0 0 . . . 0 . 0 0 . 0 . 0 o. 11 d. Saddle Region . 0 . 0 0 . 0 . 0 . . . . . . 0 . 0 0 0 . . . 0 0 0 0 "0 . . . . 0 . . . . . 0 0 0 13 Summary: Chronology and Intensification . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 . . . . . 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . o. 13 Early Historic Period, 1779-1850 ..:. 0 0 . . . . . 0 ... 0 0 . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . 0 .. 15 Mid-1850s 0 ',' . , 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 . . . . 0 .'. . . 0 . . 0 0 . . 0 . . . 0 . . .' 0 . . . . . . . 0 0 0 . o. 16 Boundary Commission Testimony ...... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 0 0 . . . 0 . . . 0 . . 0 0 0 19 Historic Era Settlement Patterns ...... 0 0 0 . . . . . . 0 0 . . . 0 . . . . . 0 . 0 . . 0 . . 0 22 Twentieth Century 1990- . 0 0 0 . . . . . 0 . 0 . . . 0 . . 0 . . . 0 . 0 0 . . 0 . . 0 . 0 . . . . . o. 23 Modern Times . 0 0, 0 0 0 . 0 0 '- . 0 . . 0 . 0 0 0.' 0 . 0 . . . . . . . 0 0 0 . 0 0 . . 0 . 0 . . . . 0 . 0 0 0 26 III. PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH. 0 0 . 0 . . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . . 0 . . . . . 0 o. 27 SURVEY RESULTS 0 0 . . . . . . . 0 . 0 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . . . . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 . . . . . . . . 0 0 0 0 . 0 29 Site Descriptions and Testing Results. . 0 0 . 0 . 0 . . 0 0 . 0 0 0 . . . . 0 . . . . . . 0 . . . 0 29 50-10-37-7601 0" 0 . 0 . . 0 . . . 0 0 . . 0 0 . 0 0 0 . . . . 0 . 0 0 . . . 0 . . . 0 0 . . . .. 32 50-10-37-7607 . 0 . 0 . . 0 . . . . 0 . . 0 0 0 0 . . . 0 . 0 . . 0 0 0 0 . . . 0 0 . 0 0 . . . . . 0 37 50-10-37-7609 ......... 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 . 0 . . 0 . 00. o. . 0 . . . . . o. . 0 0 . 0 . .. 37 50-10-37-7610 0 0 . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 . . 0 . 0 0 .. 38 50-10-37-7621 0 0 0 . . . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 . . 0 . 0 0 . . 0 . . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 . . . . 0 . . 0 0 38 50-10-37-7622 .. 0 . . 0 . 0 . 0 . . . 0 0 0 . . . . . 0 0 . . . . . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . . . 0 0 . . o. 40 50-10-37-7623 ' . 0 0 . . . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . . . 0 0 0 . . . . . . . 0 0 0 0 . o. 40 50-10-37-7624 0 0 0 . . . 0 . . 0 . . . . 0 . . . 0 0 . . . 0 . . . . 0 . . . . . . . 0 . . 0 0 . . 0 43 50-10-37-7628 ..... 0 0 0 . . . . . 0 . . 0 . . . . . 0 . 0 . 0 . . 0 . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . 0 46 50-10-37-7633 . 0 0 . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . 0 . 0 . . 0 0 . . 0 . . . 0 . . . . . 0 . . 0 . . .. 46 50-10-37-7634 0.... 0 . . . 0 . 0 . 0 . . . 0 . . 0 . . .'. 0 . . . 0 0 . 0 . . . . . . . . . o. 47 50-10-37 -7669 . 0 0 . . 0 0 . . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 . 0 . . . 0' 0 0 . 0 . 0 . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . .. 47 50-10-37-7670 . 0 0 . . .' 0 . . . 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 . . . 0 . . 0 0 0 0 . . . 0 . . 0 0 0 . 0 . . . o. 50 50-10-37-7671 .... 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 . . . . 0 . . . . . 0 0 . 0 53 1" 50-10-37 - 7 682 ............................................ 55 50-10-37-7687 .........................................,...' 5'1 50-10-37-7688 .......................................... ~. 57 50-10-37-7803 ............;.............................;. 57 50-10-37-18429 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :' 61 50-10-37 -18430 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.. . ." 63 Testing Results Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .:,. 65 V. SUMMARY ................................,......... .". . ; . . .'. . . .". 69,"., Site Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : .:< 69, Habitation ............................................ '. . . . . . .. 69 AgIiculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z'. 71, Trails ............................................... .',. . . . . . .>. 72 Burials ....................................................... ,73 Settle~!lt Patterns ................................... .'. .. . . . ',' .' 74, VI. SIGNIFICANCE AND REC9MMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,. . . . . . .'. .'. ... 77 Initial Significance,Asses'sments . . . . .... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. '" ..... .. ;:..77, .' Recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .'. 7'9 REFERENCES .............................................: '. . .'. '. . . .. 80 APPENDIX: KEAUHOU 2ND BOUNDARY TESTIMONY. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .". . . . . . .. 83' APPENDIX: KEAUHOU 2ND BOUNDARY SURVEY, . . . . . . . . . . . . .'. . . . . ..' . . . . .. 97 IV r l ~ i L,,~r f'l I ' I ! t._...' (J] U . [J [1 r r L L c5 [ [ r [ l l r q f Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig.. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Fig. 17 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 Fig. 20 Fig. 21 Fig. 22 Fig. 23 Fig. 24 Fig. 25 Fig. 26 Fig. 27 LIST OF :f~GURES State of Hawai'i . . . . . . . . ~ . . '.' . . . . . . . . .'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 Hawai'i Island Location Map ............. ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .: 5 USGS Map Kealakekua Quad ShoWing Project Area (shaded) ........ 6 Project area map showing the location of archaeological sites. ........ 7 Map ofKeauhou 2nd with Plac~ Names Found in Boundary Testimonies, Showing Location of Kuleana Awarq.s .... ~ . . . . . . . . ~ . . . .. . . . . . .. 18 Map of 'KeaUhou 2nd with Place Names Found in Boundary Testimonies .............................................. 20 Map ofKeauhou 2nd with Place Names, BorderingAhupuata, and Roads as Described in Boundary Testimonies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21 Portion of the 1928 USGS Map, Kailua Quad, Island of Hawai'i ...... 25 Site 50-10-37-76Q1 Featwes A and B Plan View .................. 33 Site 50-10-37-7601Feature C Plan View ........................ 34 Site 50-10-37-7601-C Test Unit l"Pmfile, Southwest Face ........... 36 Site 50-.io-37-7610 Plan. View sho~g Subterranean Extent of the Lava Tube, Plus the Relationship to site -7630 within existing Kona Country Club Golf Course ................................... 39 Site 50-10-37-7622 Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41 Site 50-10-37-7623 Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 42 Site 50-10-37-'7623 Test Unit 1 Profile, West Face ................. 44 Site 50-10-37..7624 Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 45 Site 50-10-37-7634',Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 Site 50-10-37-7669 Plan View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 49 Site 50-10-37-7669 Test Unit 1 Profile, Northwest Face . . . . . . . . . . . ., 51 Site 50-10.-37-7670 Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 52 Site 50-10-37-7671 Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 54 Site 50-10-37-7682 Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 56 Site 50-10-37-7687 Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 58 Site 50-10-37-7803 Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 59 Site 50-10-37-18429 Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62 . Site 50-10-37-18430 Plan View. , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 64 Map of Keauhou 2nd Ahupuata Showing Approximate Locations of Place Names and Associated Activities Recorded on 19th Century Maps and in Commission of Boundaries Documents ....................... 84 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Site Summary of the Keauhou Parcel 40 Project Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . .'. . .. 29 Table 2 Master Artifact Catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ." . . . . . . . . . .. 67 Table 3 Charcoal Catalog . . .'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .'. . . . .. 67 Table 4 Beta Analytic C13 Adjusted Age .................................. 67 Table 5 Midden Catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 68 Table 6 Functional Categories .................... ~ . . . . . . .". . . . . . .'. . . . . .. 69 ~,'-; ," ~.ry' ! I Li f 1 I ! , , , ' L....; q ('-- I L [ r- r L L () [ [ r [ l l [ ("'~ '--'1 I. INTRODUCTION Project Background At the requ.:est of Otaka Inc., C~ltural SUrveys Hawaii conducted an archaeological inventory~urvey for the appr.oxiplately 50 acre ~rpposed Kona Country Club Estates. The s~bject parcel is situated between the existing fourtp. nine,holes of the Kona Country Club . . and Alii Drive. The parcel was covered as part of an archaeological survey done in 1979 and 1980 (HamI'natt ang: Folk 1980)~ ,Hammatt' et al. prepared a management plan for the proposed resort ,area (Hamm~t~ eta!. 1981). S~bsequent to tbJ~ sui'v~y Paul H. Rosendahl . "_8 . Ph.D. Inc. developed another Cultural Resource Management Plan (Tomonari-Tuggle 1985), which focused on 43 development parcels, of Bishop Estate Lands, generally referred to as the Ke~uhou Kona Resort Complex. The present project area correlated, except for its proposed access road, to developm~nt parcels 39 and 40. Based on the information concerning parcels 39 and 40 contained within the three (3) documents mentioned above (Hammattand Folk 1980, Hammatt et al. 1981, and Tomonari~Tuggle 1985) and consultation with the State Historic Preservation Division, Department of Land and Natural Resources, a basic scope of work was formulated to bring the survey coverage of the project area up to present day inventory level standards. The scope of work includes: 1. A complete ground survey of the entire 50~acre project area for th~ purpose of site inventory. All sites would be located, described, and mapped with evaluation of function, interrelationships, and significance. Documentation will include photographs and scale drawings of selected sites and complexes. All sites will be assigned State site numbers. 2. Limited subsurface testing to determine depth and quality of cultural 1 3. materials within archaeological sites and to obtain datable samples for chronological information if none is available for sites in the immediate area from previous studies. Research on historic and archaeological background, including search of. historic maps, written records, Land Court Awards, and Native Testimony. This research will focus on the specific ro:ea, with general background" on the ahupua'a' and district, and will emphasize settlement patterns. Preparation of a survey report which will include-the following: a. A topographic map of the survey area showing all archaeologieal sites 4. and site areas; b. Description of all archaeological sites with selected photographs, scale drawings, and discussions of function; c. Histc:>rical and archaeological background sections summarizing prehistoric and historic land use as they relate to the archaeological features; d. A summary of site categories, their significance in an archaeological and historic context; e. Recommendations based on all information generated which will specify what steps should be taken to mitigate impact of development on archaeological resources - such as data recovery (excavation) and preservation of specific areas. These recommendations will be developed in consultation with the landowner and the State and County agencies. 2 \ L G '"l rn r [h r [ l d [ r r r [ I ('~ '~1 Methods Ground survey -coverage was conducted over a seven day period with four archaeologists. Survey transects .were oriented north/south (Le. cross slope). Sites were . ",' .. . 'f ~. plotted on a one inch equals .IOO.foot, two foot contour,. project area map with archaeologists spaced 15-30 meters apart depending on vegetation and terrain. Survey . ;,........ '. stakes ~ong the access.road.and at project boundary:c~rners were visible during our . . '," .; survey which allowed for accUrate locational references. ~, .-. ," ," . ,. .. '.. " Sites encounte:red include both. unrecorded and previousl~ record~d sites. The unrecorded sites were given temporary field numbers (Le. CSH 5,9) and subjec~ed. to . . .' standard descripti:ve,recording as .outlined in the scope of work. Previously recorded sites . . ., ~ !.t were renumbered utilizing state site numbers. These sites were then checked against existing site descriptions and additional recording (i.e. description, scale drawing, etc.) was undertaken when necessary. Sub-surface testing was conducted at three sites to aid in age and functional determinations. Testing consisted of hand excavated, one square meter upits, with excavated material sifted through eighth inch wire mesh screen. All midden and artifacts were collected and returned to Cultural Surveys lab for analysis. Four charcoal samples were collected two of which were sent for radio carbon analysis. Project Area Description The project area falls within the ahupua'a of Keauhou 2nd in North Kona. The project area traverses relatively uneroded 'a'a and pahoehoe lava flows derived from the Hualalai volcano in prehistoric times. The project area is located directly to the east of the southern end of Ali'i Drive. The western portion of the project area begins at an elevation 3 of 135 ft. a.m.s.I. with the eastern portion of the project extending to an elevation of 420 ft. a.m.s.!. The project ~ea,is presently bound to the north and the east by the Kona Country Club golf course. The southern and western boundaries of th.e project area are delineated by develppmental parcels 39 and 41 respectively. The northern portion of the project is covered by 'a'a lava believed to be less than , 800 years old and the soil is very sparse and shallow, mainly accumulating in pockets on the 'a'a slope. The southern portion of the, project is covered by an older pahoehoe flow. The soil deposits are more substantial in the southern half of the project area but it is still considered sparse. , . The ve~etation on the sout~ern half of the. project consists of Christmas Berry (Schinus terebintherfolius), lantana (Lantana camara), noni (Morinda citrifolia), ilima (Sida fallax), koa haole (Leuca~na leucocephala), Monkey. pod (Samanea saman), and a -variety of exotic grasses and. weeds:,. The'vegetation on the northern 'a'a-covered portion of the project area is very sparse. It includes; small tufts of grass and a few isolated noni {Morinda citrifolia} plants. The exception is the area surrounding state site 50-10-37-7601 where modern landscaping has occurred inclqding the planting of bougainvillea (bougainvillea) and coconut trees (Cocos nucifera). Rainfall averages 1000 n,un. a year (Giambelluca et al. 1986). 4 rd, I i C~...' r l_. q (m I L. \-- r I r- I L l () [ [ ~ [ r f L 1 \ '~'''1 ( '--1 I Fig.! ) Fig. 2 N1'IHAU cP t N . ....;' o KAUA'I P ~('/ ~/(' p :.:t ('I .~/(' ~L, O'AHU ~ MOlOKA'I c:::::::::> 'LANA" \) ~AUI . K~HO'OlAWE c0 b C'~ -<1/v MILES o. 50 100 ~;lOMETE~~ 50 '00 State of Hawai'i ~ ~~ ~~~~ <v~ .,)::-'r" ~ c.; N Upoh. =; p A. C/j:tc Keahole I \. , -'1-0 \ ',Iy~t~ I~?" I ..... I .","Y' ^" . / -- ~ --:I'\j \., ~<-Y'I(~",.}j ^_!\ ',( I/~( '?~. "/ Mauna Kea '''@'1 l ~ -J 13.796 It 'i "'^ / "A'f. (.,,~)" ./ . """" ~ \ I ,,-0 ~1~~ \_~/" ~\ /- 'f-O (^~",I_.-/ '( (('.I'}.r.') ,. , ~~ .,~l>- _ ......,-/ Mauna Loa ~ ~ v I/~ J 13.677 It ^"Ii~' /\- . 0\ I j\ ^ ) 1.- (,...'^ ^^ 1\"/'-.) ^,,"^!....'" \ '-" 'f-~ l^-./ ,// (,. /' L. .... ... o '1 10 , 4? 30 . MILES , KILOMETERS 40 . o . 20 ., 10 . 30 Ka Lae Hawai'i Island Location Map 5 0(' ~-<1 .Iv 0(' t~1V Kumuk2l\i . STUDY AREA ". "." ':---~ ) / J ./ l "'- .0./ 'f ~0' ..J.' \ ,,: \ ~ ". . . 0 }, ~~~~ \ I \. \ \ \ ''\ \ Fig. 3 USGS Map Kealakekua Quad Showing Project Area (shaded) 6 " " " " ,I " " .' " II /.18 iif 'I... ::.'_ (-),/! 'L,~' ,.' -. J ,,;.';~/~ ;/ 'I c( ~",,"':" \ ~: ~ ...~... ...... II UI ..;::.::~::;:=.- \ ~ :'. I ~ ~ ::' . ;e ~Il\ , \ .' , II ~ ~: \ :: :' I' \ " . I' ... r~ /\ ~ ~ \ II CD \, << ~\... -"" ~\.- ~ ~Il " II II " " II II " " " " II " " ,. " II II " " " " " ., . UJ o :>: UJ o :>: ~ R '" ... \ . . ~ '" .7- "c;,.-) '" s '~ 0.. ., "0 ~ 01 ii c .. 'Uj ~ 0 0- ~ OS ~ :1 a. r;: '6> "0 .~ UJ 0 a: '0 ~ a. '.2 III .. 0- 1;; .. UJ .s::: => .. a: 0 0 u .., << m ~ .:;; ffi~ oil << &l ~H~ :; 0 =>,.:. 'I z'? UJO .. , 1-";- ...~~\ M~ l!!> ...~ " <<fJl o g R 1\ ~ l Jr " Iii ./ \ ~ 0 z - Ii; ... ,1, CI) \et_CD ,\~~ I . UI o i5 o : . I .... ...: ~ ~ .__._l~'--' e g Ie > a: c( c !!i o ID c( ~ ~ d a: ... ~> a:~ c(o \jz w5 dID a: ... I << 4: > ~ !!i o III J w> ~~ I-~ frl::> ag a: ... /rtl'1. .(~ t:i>'"?"'I ~ a:~ i I i t ~ ..,' ~'; Ul5 '9:1 dm I c;) I a: I ~ I Q. I;:;, I 't I " I I " , , I I " , I I I l ---\ I- UJ UJ f= tn << a. : o w -' ~ ~ Ul 01 ,&1, o ] ., ..c: e ., .... o ,:: o ~ ..9 <- II> o:S bO ;:l .~ fii Po e ~ 1il 'tl ,~ e p.. -;0 bO ~ II. mSTORIC BACKGROUND Introduction This section incorporates archaeological and historical researcl,1 in a discussion focused on settlement patterns within Keauhou 2. The discussion will be a',synopsis of available material{s), thus for a more comprehensive overview of the cultural.background ofKea~ou (landS) and Kahalu'u ahupua'a the reader ~s referred to Tomonari-Tuggle. ( 1985). Keauhou 2 (literally the new era or the new current; Pukui, Elbert, Mookini, 1979:104) 1::;'~ very. large ahupua'a (approximately 110,000 acres), extending from the coast inland, to encompass the saddle region between Hualalai and Mauna Loa summits. Keauhou (makai portion) is centrally situated within the Kona Field System (State site 50-10-37-6601) with Kailua Bay to the north and Kealakekua Bay to the south. The general settlement pattern associated with the Kona Field System, based on ethnographic, ethno-historic, and archaeological sources, includes three main zones: coastal, intermediate, and upland. However Keauhou 2 includes a fourth zone of occupation and exploitation, here referred to as the saddle region. The Kona Field System (Sohren and Stell Newman 1968 - State Site 50-10-37- 6601) has been further broken down into four subzones that are based on agricultural production. The four subzones and their correlations to the coastal, mtermediate and upland zones are (Kelly 1983): (1) Kula 0 - 500 ft. AM.S.L., coastal and portion of intermediate; (2) Kaluulu 500 - 1000 ft. AM.S.L., intermediate; (3) ~pa'a 1000 - 2500 ft. A.M.S.L., upland; and (4) Amau 2500 - 4000 ft. AM.S.L., portion of upland. 8 fi , I I , LJ [ j LJ O. ''''11 ___..1 U In, I ! I ...1 rn l ~. r- ,t L d [ r I r [ l l l .~"..... C.A \ Clearly these zones were integrated and combined depending on the topography of the area. This variation formed the cultural landscape of the Rona Coast. However the following discussion will focus on habitation as it relates to the four main zones, coast81, intermediate, upland, and saddle, and changes in use of these zones through time. In the most general terms, the four zones, the coastal zone can be characterized as a relatiyely narrow strip of land along the coast with ~e highest concentrations of habitation and religious sites. The intermediate zone has agricultural activity, temporary habitation, with dispersed permanent habitation sites. T~e-upland. zone, like the intermediate, contains widespread evidence of agriculture and temporary ap.d permanent habitation, but at its upper end there exi.st~ the wao or upland forest. Beyond the upland forest is the saddle region where habitation, mostly temporary, is focused in lava tubes with the main human activity being bird hunting. Pre-contact Period a. Coastal Zone The coastal zone ofKeauhou 2 encompasses the southern side of Keauhou Bay to the Boundary with Honalo ahupua1a in the south. Numerous archaeological remains, evidence of the intensive utilization of the coastal zone, were found along this stretch of shoreline. Although development of the Keauhou Bay area has obliterated most of the prehistoric sites, historic literature and surveys prior to development (Reinecke 1930, Kekahuna 1954) clearly indicates a substantial concentration of sites along the southern shoreline of the Bay. Sites included complexes associated with both Kaukulaelae Heiau at the southern point of the bay, and Kanlohoalii Heiau at the back of the bay. The other major concentrations of habitation sites within coastal Keauhou appears 9 Keauhou 1 Page 3 May 8, 2009 B. The Battle of Kuamo'o which was fought in 1819. The fight over the ancient kapu (taboo) system involved Keku'aokalani and King Kamehameha II (Liholiho) who along with regent Ka'ahumanu, had given up traditional Hawaiian religion. The Lekeleke burial ground (makai of the project area) is the final resting place of more than 300 Hawaiians who died in the battle. C. The area where the Battle of Kuamo'o took place should be seen as part of a historic whole. Directly below the project area is Ma'ihiBay and Kuamo'o Point. Stated a community contact: This bay, the first one that you see where the point is, that is Ma'ihi. On this side, on this cove is Kahoe'e. On the other side of this point is Kuamo'o; these are all parts of the historic site of this whole area. This is where the legacy was kept at Kahoe 'e and there was a little hospital they built somewhere over here, it was close by.. .But there's a lot of burials down there. So this is, like I said, I'm not going to worry about upside too much, but I'm worried about the shoreline. D. Next to the Lekeleke burial ground is Kahoe'e, associated with mololelo about the leprosy victims who were stationed here. According to a community contact, Kahoe'e is where the leprosies were kept before they went to Kalaupapa on Moloka'i. So that's where they kept them. And they named it Kahoe'e. "Kaho" means cold and "e Ie" means to fall, because they were all in pain. And then they launched to get out on a ship. So this is the kind of thing I'm worried about. When they put in this road, they have a drainage over there. And that's where it runs all the way down to Kahoe'e... That hill over there all the way on the higher spot way over in the comer, that's called Pu 'uhonua Kuai' aku, it's on the other side. Lekeleke is right below this hill. That was during the battle of Kuamo '0. That there is the Keauhou Fire Station- Pu 'uloa above. That's where I told you my lohana (family) that went back, were canoe builders...Somewhere back there is a papaholo,papaholo means road, pathway, to bring the logs, the canoe down to Kuamo'o. Pu'uhonua Kuai'aku. Because in Pu'uhonua Kuai'aku, there is apapaholo that shows where it's coming from- directly in line with Pu 'uloa. . . E. The well-known hOlua slide, which is close to the project area. According to one community participant, the name of the hill where the top of the slide is located is "Pu 'u Okamilao." If one looks down below, the slide looks like a "lizard." Another community contact discussed the history of the hblua slide, noting that it used to be a mile long, and that it ended before the shores of He'eia Bay. It was about 1953 to 1954 when he recalled first seeing the slide, but by 1971, its length had been cut to make way for the road and the golf course. Keauhou 1 Page 4 May 8, 2009 He stated: As a kid, I remember it going all the way down. I'd come in fishing from Hila with my dad and we'd come in at Keauhou Bay. I was five years old and I'd look up and see the thing and it was massive, coming all the way down. Later, when I came back from college, I looked for it and it was gone. F. In more recent times, Keauhou is also associated with the 1946 tsunami, stated a community participant: . . . It took everything. It took out this wooden wharf. . .. The sampans it threw back behind where they have kayaks now. And it broke our house completely... They had warning. They could see the water going out before the waves came. The bottom of the bay was completely visible. I wasn't here,.I was in school. But my father told me you could see the bottom of this bay, the water went out completely. So they knew it was going to come back and come back big so everybody got out of the way. And the population at the time was small so we didn't have tourists and people who don't know. The local people knew what would happen. G. Keauhou Bay is a popular fishing area, where in the past, participants have noted the abundance of all kinds of fish. There is still kama < iiina that continue to fish in its waters. Both fresh water and brackish ponds were and still can be found in the area. The aforementioned concerns and information represent those consultants who have responded as of May 8,2009. Further feedback about this project is being gathered through ongoing interviews. Me ka ha<aha<a, Margaret Magat, Cultural Researcher Cultural Surveys Hawai'i II I ! L,~_j a u u n [1 r L L c5 [ [ r [ [ l r (.~ ~i r Appendix E Notification List Owners/Lessees and Addresses by Tax Map Key NOTIFICATION LIST OF OWNERS/LESSEES AND ADDRESSES BY TAX MAP KEY 7-8-10: 51 Keauhou Resort Development Venture 2 LLC Harbor Court Ste 3000 55 Merchant Stre.et Honolulu, HI 96813 Kona Country Club 78-7000 Alii Drive Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 Kamehameha Investment Corporation 78-6740 Makolea Street Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 Kamehameha Investment Corporation 78-6740 Makolea Street Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 7-8-10: 30 7-8-10: 97 7-8-10: 98 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS COUNTY OF HAWAII HILO, HAWAII n. '0"'''1 f'I.RNidJ\iG. f)EPA RnH~~t-f (" "'//1-" '.. ,.~~f~ ..f, r,!Trf f'rr: If ,11~'''1 40:.' 1..,1 ~ If \/t.- nhlit'lil~ Law JUt 20 PM 3: J4 DATE: July 17, 2009 Memorandum TO B.J. Leithead-Todd, Planning Director Planning Department Galen M. Kuba, Division Chief L /' /2 Engineering Division t .. v Change of Zone Application (REZ 09-000098) SMA Use Permit Application (SMA 09-000034) Applicant: Kona Country Club, Inc. Location: Keauhou 2nd, N. Kona, HI TMK: 3/7-8-010:001 FROM SUBJECT We reviewed the subject application and our comments are as follows: DRAINAGE 1. All development generated. runoff shall be disposed of on-site and shall not be directed toward any adjacent properties. 2. The applicant shall be informed that if they include drywells in the subject development, an Underground Injection Control (UIC) permit may be required from the Department of Health, State of Hawaii. 3. A drainage study shall be prepared, and the recommended drainage system shall be constructed meeting with the approval of DPW. EARTHWORK 1. All earthwork and grading shall conform to Chapter 10, Erosion and Sediment Control, of the Hawaii County Code. 2. The applicant shall comply with Chapter 11-55, Water Pollution Control, Hawaii Administrative Rules, Department of Health, which requires an rED.ES.p.em;l.iWo~ certain construction activity. SC~ANNED . Planning D.. apt. ~JUL 20 200.9 E hObOt 3 By._DS41~3 . XII.,,,,",,, Memorandum to PD- REZ 09-000098 July 17,2009 Page 2 of 2 ROADWAYS o 1. In the interest of connectivity, a regional master plan of streets for the area should be presented with the application. 2. Concrete curbs, gutters, and sidewalks should be required in areas of pedestrian traffic. 3. The applicant should construct the collector roadway from Mamalahoa Highway . Bypass to the project access to County dedicable standards meeting with the approVal of DPW and dedicate it to the County upon request. The profile of the road shall anticipate the widening of the bypass to the 120 foot wide, 4 lane configuration in County Standard Detail R33. 4. Any utility poles in a dedicable road right-of-way shall be installed as shown on DPW Standard Detail R-35 (Revised). The applicant shall provide any necessary easements for installation of such utilities. TRAFFIC The traffic assessment dated February 12, 2009 used a land use code which may 0 underestimate the traffic volume generated by the project. If the land use code for single family detached housing were used, more than 50 trips would be expected using the average trip generation rate for the afternoon peak hour. Should there be any questions concerning this matter, please feel free to contact Kiran Emler of our Kona Engineering Division office at 327-3530. KE copy: ENG-HILO PLNG-KONA c: Hawaii County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer William P:Kenoi Mayor Harry S. Kubojiri Police Chief hl1l \(J: C; 5 Paul K. Ferreira Deputy Police Chief County of Hawai'i POLICE DEPARTMENT 349 Kapi'olani Street . Hilo, Hawai'i 96720-3998 (808)935-3311 . Fax (808) 961-2389 July 1, 2009 FROM BJ LEITHfAD,!.~ G DIREcrOR H1N1 t TAVAkEs J ., ASSISTANT CHIEF, AREA II OPERATIONS Change of Zone Application (REZ 09-000098) Request: A-Sa to RM-30 Special Management Area Use Permit (SMA 09~000034) Request: 60 Multi-Family Residential Units Applicant: Kona Country Club, Inc. TMK: 7-8-10:101 TO SUBJECT Staff has reviewed the above-referenced application and recommends that the developer consider a secondary ingress/egress point for vehicular traffic. Should you have any questions, please contact Captain Chad Basque, Commander of Kona Patrol, at 326-4646, extension 249. CBjdmv Planning Dept. Exhibit 'I ......-=...~""""".=~"'-.........,...,.,,,...=:=.~=..........--t I SCP"NNED \ I ! I IIi' 1 'J' lii"l 't- I -.Ju L -'- J cDel] . I j D..O.... I ! 0"/ .-A. .~'"e.t~-"..- 1 ~.:;...::......,.:""':.:<;i-.c.:""~:~=!if"""',..L-d---".~.-.,...~...-.~:-'.ni:., "Hawai'i County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer" William P. Kenai Mayor .v ~\~~:..rrni(ftn .tr Darryl J. Oliveira Fire Chief Glen P. I. Honda Deputy Fire Chief <!Countp of T!)ab.1ai ~ i HAWAII FIRE DEPARTMENT 25 Aupuni Street . Suite 103 . Hilo, Hawai'i 96720 (808) 981-8394 . Fax (808) 981-2037 July 8, 2009 TO: BJ LEITHEAD TODD, PLANN1NG DIRECTOR FROM: DARRYL OLIVEIRA, FIRE CHIEF SUBJECT: CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 09-0(0098) REQUEST: A-Sa to RM-30 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA CSE PERMIT (SMA09-000034) REQUEST: 60 MUL TI,.F AMIL Y RESIDENTIAL UNITS APPLICANT: KONA COUNTRY CLUB, INe. TAX MAP KEY: 7-8-10:101 ) In regards to the above-mentioned Change of Zone and Special Management Area Use Permit applications, the following shall be in accordance: Fire apparatus access roads shall be in accordance with UFC Section 10.207: "Fire Apparatus Access Roads "Sec. 10.207. (a) General. Fire apparatus access roads shall be provided and maintained in accordance with the provisions of this section. . "(b) Where Required. Fire.apparatus access roads shaH be required for every building hereafter constructed when any portion of an exterior waH of the first story is located more than 150 feet from fire department vehicle access as measured by an unobstructed route around the exterior of the building. "EXCEPTIONS: 1. When buildings are completely protected with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system, the provisions oft\;js section may be modified. "2. When access roadways cannot be installed due to topo1:;-raphy, waterways, nonnegotiable grades or other similar conditions; the chief may require additi fire protection as specified in Section 10.301 (b). _.",.,...~",""PQ....-=~"''''''U'::>';.T;,",,;~ Planning Dept. r~~{:~ >"""~~~NE") \ Exhibit S ) ,j.. \\i; \. ~":'.j\::~' \ :: ,J~. .J. . , , , t: Hawai'i County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and EmployJt. ");\.! r{} 5l.5..~~2:-.- . .\ :~ tt.} '-'--:-~~,:~::~,,,,,,_,,,,,'''''''-C''~l,'':'''$i'~''''';''~-'''':'''''"- BJ Leithead Todd July 8, 2009 Page 2 "3. When there are not more than two Group R, Division 3 or Group M Occupancies, the requirements of this section may be modified, provided, in the opinion of the chief, fire-fighting or rescue operations would not be impaired. "More than one fire apparatus road may be required when it is determined by the chief that access by a single road may be impaired by vehicle congestion, condition of terrain, climatic conditions or other factors that could limit access. "For high-piled combustible storage, see Section 81.109. "(c) Width. The unobstructed width of a fire apparatus access road shall meet the requirements of the appropriate county jurisdiction. "(d) V erlical Clearance. Fire apparatus access roads shall have an unobstructed vertical clearance of not less than 13 feet 6 inches. "EXCEPTION: Upon approval vertical clearance may be" reduced, provided such reduction does not impair access by fire apparatus and approved signs are installed and maintained indicating the established vertical clearance. I~e) Permissible Modifications. Vertical clearances or widths required by this section may be increased when, in the opinion of the chief, vertical clearances or widths are not adequate to provide fire apparatus access. "(f) Surface. Fire apparatus access roads shall be designed and maintained to support the imposed loads of fire apparatus and shall be provided with a surface so as to provide all- weather driving capabilities." (20 tons) "(g) Turning Radius. The turning radius of a fire apparatus access road shall be as approved by the chief." (45 feet) "(h) Turnarounds. All dead-end fire apparatus access roads in excess of 150 feet in length shall be provided with approved provisions for the turning around of fire apparatus. "(i) Bridges. When a bridge is required to be used as access under this section, it shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with the applicable sections of the Building Code and using designed live loading sufficient to carry the imposed loads of fire apparatus. "G) Grade. The gradient for a fire apparatus access road shall not exceed the maximum approved by the chief." (15%) o '0 (~~ .......... BJ Leithead Todd July 8, 2009 Page 3 "(k) Obstruction. The required width of any fire apparatus access road shall not be obstructed in any manner, including parking of vehicles. Minimum required widths and clearances established under this section shall be maintained at all times. "(1) Signs. When required by the fire chief, approved signs or other approved notices shall be provided and maintained for fire apparatus access roads to identify such roads and prohibit the obstruction thereof or both." "\ ) ,.// Water supply shall be in accordance with UFC Section 10JOl(c): "(c) Water Supply. An approved water supply capable of supplying required fire flow for fire protection shall be provided to all premises upon which buildings or portions of buildings are hereafter constructed, in accordance with the respective county water requirements. There shall be provided, when required by the chief, on-site fire hydrants and mains capable of supplying the required fire flow. "Water supply may consist of reservoirs, pressure tanks, elevated tanks, water mains or other fixed systems capable. of providing the required fire flow. "The location, number and type of fire hydrants connected to a water supply capable of delivering the required fire flow shall be protected as set forth by the respective county water requirements. All hydrants shall be accessible to the fire department apparatus by roadways meeting the requirements of Section 1 0.207. !~b Fire Chief RP:lpc , William Kenoi '\ ) Mayor "! ~"""" (' !'; f.:''''~ ,... ~<!; ~ 1': ~.f ~l" ~j ,- N ~'1 ~','-;J ti' It b.~'" t\i~. ~: N'J C. t~ , .. ""I . ~-f ';t .. . .-~ ,"''', ",J.- ~ ,..., ~ .. . -.~ 1'''1'-- /1'" I' j\ ," ,." Ct)lR'~ y ~.,t~" ~i{''t./~n~~ Lono A. Tyson Director 'il1U.'n I'lL _ -I' p~,i \'7: 'iD Ll' 1 ,jl.,f. Ii -- 'i f Ivan M. Torigoe DerJUIv Director @lluttfl111f~NfuNi~i - DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 25 Aupuni Street · Hilo, Hawai'i 96720 (808) 961-8083' Fax (808) 961-8086 htto:/ /co.hawaii,hi, us/directory/dir envrnng,htm MEMORANDUM Date : hrnt: 29, 200~ -:Jt~ 6 I l-(l tJ / To BJ LEITHEAD TODD, Acting Deputy Planning Director From: LONO A. TYSON; Director ':f'Cf' Subject: Change of Zone Application (REZ 09-000098) Request: A-Sa to RM-30 Special Management Area Use Permit (SMA 09-000034) Request: 60 Multi-Family Residential Units Applicant: Kona Country Club, Inc. TMK: 7~8-10:101 We have reviewed the subject application and offer the following recommendations: DEPARTMENT COMMENTS: K~~~'E.f-'ro COt'", M~N.'S. \3t::t.Q\.V",f WASTEWATER COMMENTS: ( ) No comments ( ) Require connection of existing and/or proposed structtlres to the public sewer in accordance with Section 21-5 of the Hawaii County Code. ( ) Require Council Resolution to approve sewer extension in accordance with Section 21-26.1 of the Hawaii County Code. Complete D.E.M. Sewer Extension Application. ( ) Require extension of the sewer system to service the proposed subdivision in accordance with Section 23-85 v('bf the Hawaii County Code. .~ ) Other: tuo '7 DN fI9LuJ 11 ~,;'C.-VO---- SOLID WASTE COMMENTS: ( ) No comments (~) Commercial operations, State and Federal agencies, religious entities and non-profit organizations may not use transfer stations for disposal. ((<}) Aggregates and any other construction/demolition waste should be responsibly reused to its fullest extent. (~) Ample and equal room should be provided for rubbish and recycling. (~) Green waste may be transported to the green waste sites located at the Kailua and Hila transfer stations, or other suitable diversion programs. (~) Construction and demolition waste is prohibited at all County Transfer Stations. ~) Submit Solid Waste Management Plan in accordance with a~che~elines. ( ) Existi~g Solid Waste Management Plan is to be .followed. Provwe update to the department +' ~~T~~.SNE n. ( ) Other. Planning Qapt. jA ' cc: SWD, WWD . I 1 '886 J'\II - YJ '{'ipiY Exhibit (0 i . 'J '. " ,co" County of Hawai'i is an Equal Upportumty Provider and Employer, I BYn.~..i"j.~-1-~"._. -J I William P. Kenoi Mayor Lono A. Tyson Director Ivan Torigoe Deputy Director o QInuufl1 nf2Jl(tfu(ti~i DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 25 Aupuni Street · RHo, Hawaf i 96720 (808) 961-8083' Fax (808) 961-8086 http://co.hawaii.hi.us/directory / dir envrnng.htm February 12, 2009 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN Guidelines INTENT AND PURPOSE This is to establish guidelines for reviewing solid waste management plans, for which special conditions are placed on developments. The solid waste management plan will be used to: (1) promotes and implement recycling and recycling programs, (2) predict the waste generated by the proposed development to anticipate the loading on County solid waste management facilities, and (3) predict the additional vehicular traffic being generated because of waste and recycling transfers. A qualified consultant shall prepare a suitable solid waste management O. plan for review by the Department of Environmental Management. REPORT The Solid Waste Management Plan will contain the following: 1. Description of the project and the potential waste it may be generating: i.e. analysis of anticipated waste volume and composition. This includes waste generated during the construction and operational or maintenance phases. Waste types shall include (but not be limited to): A. Organics (including food waste and green wastes); B. Construction and Demolition; C. Paper (including cardboard); D. Metal (including ferrous and non-ferrous metals); E. Plastic; F. Special (including ash, sludge, treated medical, bulky items, tires); G. Household Hazardous (including paint, vehicle fluids, oil, batteries); and H. Glass. 2. Indicate onsite source separation facilities by waste type; i.e. source separation bins of glass, metal, plastic, cardboard, aluminum, etc. Provide ample and equal space for rubbish and recycling. 3. Identification and location of the proposed waste reduction, waste re-use, recycling facility or disposal site and associated transportation methods for the various components of the development's waste management system, including the number of C"~ County ofHawaj'j is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer. , . .... '~l""'{~ "en' l~I''''''~''':'I1' f,.:LJ\j~N1d.-l ut.t)~~\}\ t ~~il:i\ J.. I . 6)U'\;i{y Of: HAWf.H . DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY · COUNTY OF HAWAI'I 345 KEKOANAO'A STREET, SUITE 20 . HILOZ~V'{JUb ibhoPiil12: QJ TELEPHONE (808) 961-8050 . FAX (808) 961-8657 July 29,2009 TO: Ms. BJ Leithead Todd, Planning Director Planning Department . f-"} -i FROM: Milton D. Pavao, Manager ~. SUBJECT: CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 09-000098) REQUEST: A-Sa TO RM-30 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT APPLICATION (SMA 09-000034) REQUEST: 60 MULTI-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL UNITS APPLICANT - KONA COUNTRY CLUB, INC. TAX MAP KEY 7-8-010:030 We have reviewed the subject application and have the following comments and conditions. H) . Water is available from an existing 12-inch waterline within Ali'i Drive fronting the subject parcel. For your information, .the subject parcel does not currently have water service with the Department. We can confirm that the subject parcel has 10 units of water committed to it through Subdivision Application No. 94-000090. However, there are NOT 50 additional units of water available to the subject parcel as stated in the subject applications. Please reference our letter to Mr. Sidney Fuke (attached), dated December 31, 2008, stating that there are only a total of 48 additional units of water available to the subject parcel (58 units of water total). Further, some of the 58 units of water available to the subject parcel may not be available for residential purposes due to landscaping and the proposed swimming pool, recreation, and barbeque areas within the development. Please keep in mind that until a water commitment for the 48 additional units is effected, water availability is subject to change, depending on the water situation. Subject to the above, the Department has no objection to the proposed change of zone application with the following conditions: 1. The subject parcel is situated at an elevation such that the Department's existing water system within Ali'i Drive cannot provide adequate pressure throughout the proposed development. In order to provide adequate pressure, the Department offers the following options: a. Extend a waterline (minimum 8-inch diameter) from the Department's nearest high-pressure system located within Kaluna Street, approximately 1,500 feet from Ali'i Drive. b. Construct a booster pump station, necessary transmission waterlines, and a concrete storage reservoir, each of adequate capacity, designed and constructed in accordance with the Department's Water System Standards. 2. Prior to issuing a water commitment for the proposed developm~, the D~part.~t requests thallire- . . . rlannlng UepT. I SCANNED I ... Ukter brinfj6 profjre66. .Exhibit 7 11 eJjf)if)30~2 The Department of Water Supply is an Equal Opportunity provider and employer, To file a complaint of discrimination, write: USDA, Director" O~ Civil Riahts. Room 326-W. Whitten Buildina. 14th and Indeoendence Avenue. SW. W""hinntnn nr. ?O?!iO_a<l10 n. ",,11/909\ 790-';a~A I,,^;~d ~n~-In.~__,__... __ . , Ms. BJ Leithead Todd, Planning Director Page 2 July 29, 2009 o applicant submit estimated maximum daily water usage calculations for landscaping water usage as well as for the proposed swimming pool, recreation, and barbeque areas. The water usage calculations shall be prepared by a professional engineer licensed in the State of Hawai'i. The water usage calculations should include the total estimated daily water usage in gallons per day and the estimated peak flow in gallons per minute. Upon acceptance of the water usage calculations, the Department will determine the water commitment deposit amount, appropriate meter size, facilities charges due, and other requirements for water service. 2. Should the applicant choose to construct a master metered water system within the development, a reduced pressure type backflow prevention assembly must be installed within five (5) feet of the meter on private property. The installation of the backflow prevention assembly must be inspected and approved by the Department before water service can be activated. 3. Subject to other agencies' requirements to construct improvements within the road right-of-way fronting the property affected by the proposed development, the applicant shall be responsible for the relocation and adjustment of the Department's affected water system facilities, should they be necessary. 5. Please be informed that the existing 8-inch high-press waterline within Kaluna Street and the 12-inch waterline within Ali'i Drive are both adequate to provide 1,500 gallons per minute for fire protection, as O. required per the Department's Water System Standards for the proposed type of land use. Should there be any questions, please contact Mr. Finn McCall of our Water Resources and Planning Branch at 961-8070, extension 255. L yours, FM:dfg Ene. copy - (w/enc.) Kona Country Club, Inc. (w/enc.) Belt Collins Hawaii, Ltd. (w/o enc.) Mr. Robert Ravenscraft, DWS Kona Office (-~"', -' DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY 0 COUNTY OF HAWAI'1 345 KEKUANAO'A STREET, SUITE 20 . HILO. HAWAI'\ 96720 TELEPHONE(808)961-8050 . FAX (808) 961-8657 December 31, 2008 Mr. Sidney M. Fuke 100 Pauahi Street, Suite 212 Hilo, HI 96720 CONFIRMATION OF WATER COMMITMENTS . SUBDIVISION APPLICATION NO. 94-000090 APPLICANT _ KAMEHAMEHA INVESTMENT CORPORATION TAX MAP KEY 1-8-010:030 This is in response to your December 9, 2008 letter. Please be informed the 40 units of water referenced in our February 13,2008 letter to the Planning Department were allocated to Kamehameha Investment Corporation (KIC) Land Area 22 and not to the subject parcel, as noted in your letter. pursuant to our April 30, 2007 letter to Carlsmith Ball LLP, the Department allowed the transfer of 10 units of water from KIC's 40-unit Land Area 22 allocation to a SO +/_ acre portion of the subject parcel. Therefore, 30 units of water remain allocated toXIC's Land Area 22 and 10 units of water have been assigned to the subject parcel. Regarding the SO units of water available to the subject parcel, the Department will make the following clari fications: 1. The Department's current water availability conditions, which are subject to change without notice, allow up to 50 units of water to the entire subject parcel. There are NOT SO units of water available to Lot 2 of the subject subdivision. At a minimum, at least one (1) unit of water must be assigned to Lot Nos. 1 and 3 of this subdivision, and the remaining 48 units of water available can be assigned to Lot 2. Therefore, a total of 58 units of water could be made available to Lot 2 of this subdivision, but currently only 10 units are committed. 2. In order to secure a water commitment for the 50 units of water available to the subject parcel, an appropriate land use application must be filed (e.g. Change of Zone application) and a water commitment deposit of $150.00 per unit of water must be paid. However, prior to accepting the water commitment deposit, the applicant must provide estimated maximum daily water usage calculations, prepared by a professional engineer licensed in the State of Hawai'i, showing how the 50 units of water available will be distributed for the proposed development. Please keep iI'l mind that this letter shall not be construed as a water commitment. Unless a water commitment is effected as described in Item 2 above, water availability is subject to change depending on the water situation. .. .1JUdey' hl"in.g.j proCjI"t!jj... The Department of Water Supply is an Equal Opportunity provider and employer. To file a complaint of discrimination, write: USDA. Direclor. Office of Civil _ .. ,. . ..L._" ,_.,____''.'MM A"on..o c:.w W,,~hinaton DC 20250-9410. Or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TOO) I \-. Mr. Sidney M. Fuke Page 2 December 31, 2008 () .-.-'* Should there be any questions, you may contact Mr. Finn McCall of our Water Resources and Planning Branch at 961-8070, extension 255. Sincerely yours, Milton D. Pavao, P.E. Manager FM :dfg copy - Planning Department Kamehameha Investment Corporation o /,',", ( 2m? ,1[JL -8 PIt 3: 15 Stephen J. Arnett Housing Administrator , , . - , Pl~~~{!~'Jl~ tJiEPMHMEtJT WllhamP.KenOl C\,nJl'aT'I (Ji(: Yi)';)!,..,I/ Mayor ' , ',' -, Flnhr,[ Countp of ~abJait OFFICE OF HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 50 Wailuku Drive. Hila, Hawai'j 96720-2484 vm (808) 961-8379. FAX (808) 961-8685 July 08, 2009 MEMORANDUM TO: Bobby-Jean Leithead Todd Planning Department FROM: Stephen J. Arnett .-/ Q /7 ----4-- Housing Administrator ~ ( c~ ) SUBJECT: Change of Zone Application (REZ 09-000098) Request: A-Sa to RM-30 State Management Area Use Permit (SMA 09-000034) Request: 60 Multi-Family Residential Units Applicant: Kona Country Club, Inc. Tax Map: (3) 7-8-010:101 Pursuant to Hawai'i County Code, Chapter 11, Housing, are applicable to the request. Thank you for the opportunity to comment. ---~--~~-"l \~r:~,~D I \U\ ~;! ~h;.! ':~ \ BYO ~__iJ-~- J L-.~=~~~.=-.""--"~=-"=~'"-='=' G:\PLANNING\1829pasr.doc Planning Dept. Exhibit ? ~ EQUAL HOUSING OPPORTUN ITY "HAWAI'I COUNTY IS AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY PROVIDER AND EMPLOYER" LINDA LINGLE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII LAURA H. THIELEN r" 0','.:, " _ ::SHttIRPERSON : ': BOAjill QH~ A,ND NA IURAL RESOURCEs . FJ:)l~~'S,Ptl.9l)f it'A TER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ~'.~ .;... ~"1 ~.~ 1 STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES LAND DIVISION POST OFFICE BOX 621 HONOLULU, HA WAIl 96809 July 20, 2009 County of Hawaii Planning Department 101 Pauahi Street Suite 3 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Attention: Mr. Norman Hayashi Ladies and Gentlemen: .'" ) . Subject: Change of Zone Application (REZ 09-'000098) l(.-..'\.... C.",v,hv"lC(,,"'? .-' Special Management Area Use Perinit (SMA 09-000034) Thank you for the opportunity to review and coriunent on the subject matter. The Department of Land and Natural Resources' (DLNR), Land Division distributed or made available a copy of your report pertaining to the subject matter to DLNR Divisions for their review and comment. Other than the comments from Division of Aquatic Resources, the Department of Land and Natural Resources has no other comments to offer on the subject matter. Should you have any questions, please feel free to call our office at 587-0433. Thank you. , Sincerely, . ~~ (jFur14. ~Morris M. Atta U . Administrator Planning Dept. Exhibit 1 I ,=..~~n.,"",:~, '".~<'~~'e. ! S(..A,NNED 1 I B~ ~L{8 fUs L~ --...:~~------- LINDA LINGLE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII :a\ea ana :0\ sa!do;) sa!do:) 'oN :0\ UJnl~~ ...... y A-l-11SSV H::>31 -. S,)AS 3,)H.W A~V13~:)3S NOLL V::>Oa3 alv Q3',lI;)lIdV S::>LlSI.l Y.lS HO/Hf1::>lI -S::>^S "dV.lS Z ..... 1I3NNVld > ( .,........; .-' ~ ')3~ OY t'::, "-!'~ LAN3/~~ ~-T ........,. '!'" , r"FlSld 'l^l~) . ~.-.. --," \~ -1!O.l::>~~i --- '.' : LAURA H. THIELEN CHAIRPERSON BOARD OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES COMMISSION ON WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,./ I' <J,'.~ d 'f-,t?~ STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES LAND DIVISION POST OFFICE BOX 621 HONOLULU, HAWAII 96809 July 2, 2009 MEMORANDUM TO: ---=--~'"--- ..' R Agencies: ~ X Div. of Aquatic Resources~.....) . tirrg"j~~"e~mrrrR~creaiion _Engineering Division _Div. of Forestry & Wildlife Div.ofStateParks _Commission on Water Resource Management lL Office of Conservation & Coastal Lands _Land Division : ,-; ej; ::; ......-! 1<. S::O~OOS::ur 1) OllfflG'fl -0 YDJ~ ;; (})~- c..()l';i.....l p" ~II ,/,.. /#. / / vU? '. ...: ':; j~>Q . 'j o 1(.t4'<l.\,,~"l ,,['(":\ ~.r;,.~.l..,. .: FROM: ~--is M. Atta/))Adtjp~ 0 SUBJECT: Lt~:ge of Zone Application and Special Management Area Use Permit for 60 Multi-Family Residential Units LOCATION: Island of Hawaii APPLICANT: Kona Country Club, Inc. Transmitted for your review and comment on the above referenced document. We would appreciate your comments on this document. Please submit any comments by July 19,2009. If no response is received by this date, we will assume your agency has no comments~ If you have any questions about this request, please contact my office at 587-0433. Thank you. Attachments ( ) (X) ( ) Sig~~--~ Date: yryO? We have no objections. We have no comments. Comments are attached. ("'~~ _:/ "~ LINDA LINGLE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII .J ,Vl\dilndtv. 0' ai'"...., ~ ~/ <! ~ ~ If> ~ c 1iJ- ' @ o ~ STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES LAND DIVISION POST OFFICEBOX 621 HONOLULU, HA WAIl 96809 July 2, 2009 MEMORANDUM TO: ->..__._"._~~~ . NR Agencies: x Div. of Aquatic Resources .' mg cean Recreation _Engineering Division _Div. of Forestry & Wildlife _Div. of State Parks _Commission on Water Resource Management ..x. Office of Conservation & Coastal Lands _Land Division LAURA H. THIELEN CHAIRPERSON BOARD OF LAND AND,:!."lA TI1RAL RESOURCES COM:M1SSION ON WA TI:R RESOURCE MANA..oSMENT ION 8: Ct:: \J ,,_I ,-,,,jvJ FROM: Jb:'crrris M. Atta~ . SUBJECT: U~ange of Zone Application and Special Management Area Use Permit for 60 Multi-Family Residential Units LOCATION: Island of Hawaii APPLICANT: Kona Country Club, Inc. Transmitted for your review and comment on the above referenced document. We would appreciate your comments on this document. Please submit any comments by July 19,2009. If no response is received by this date, we will ?ssume your agency has no comments. If . you have any questions about this request, please contact my office at 587-0433. Thank you. Attachments ( ) We have no objections. ( VJ We have no comments. ( ) Comments are attached. ~~ ~~~ ~ ~8/b1 ~ ~I Signed: Date: LINDA LINGLE GOVERNOI),.,., ./, t,l;, f;Lf~hr:< r; "1 i;:'i. STATE;,;Pf HAWAII .. ....,......L-"...... DEPARTMEN;[,OF HEALTH P.O.i3bX.916 HILO, HAWAII"9~l21-0916 1 MEMORANDUM DATE: July 13, 2009 TO: BJ Leithead Todd Planning Director, County of Hawaii Newton Inouye ~ l&.cting District Environmental Health Program Chief FROM: ) SUBJECT: Change of Zone Application (REZ 09-000098) Request: A-Sa to RM-30 Special Management Area Use Permit (SMA 09-000034) Request: 60 Multi-Family Residential Units Applicant: Kona Country Club, Inc. Tax Map Key: 7-8-10:101 CHIYOME L. FUKINO, M.D. 0; rector of Health We recommend that you review all ofthe Standard Comments on our website: http://hawaii. gov!health/ environmental/ env-pl~ing/landuse/landuse.html. Any comments specifically applicable to this project should be?::adhered to. The subject project is located within the Keauhou Community Services, Inc. wastewater sewer system. All wastewater generated shall be disposed into the Keauhou Community Services, Inc. sewer system. If connection is not allowed, submit plans for a wastewater treatment works to the Wastewater Branch. WORD: REZ 09-000098.at ) ../ Planning Dept. Exhibit If) r:::~-~"""""~"~~. . ! S(~i\~~~D I lB. &~2,~ 5 : .1 l~=... _. ---- LINDA LINGLE GOVERNOR PATRICIA HAMAMOTO SUPERINTENDENT F: .. "'", ) STATE OF HAWAI'I DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION P.O. BOX 2360 HONOLULU, HAWAI'I 96804 { i .~};? OFFICE OF SCHOOL FACILITIES AND SUPPORT SERVICES ~~ ,~~': ~ ~~;~ ,;:~(~~ :.; ~,~~>: :":"~~~~:~'j ~:~\],~~.":~~,~~ July 16, 2009 Ms. BJ Leithead Todd, Planning Director County of Hawaii Planning Department 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Dear Ms. Todd: Subject: Change of Zone Application and Special Management Area Use Permit Kona Country Club, Inc., TMK 3-7-8-10:101 The Department of Education (DOE) has reviewed the Change of Zone Application and Special Management Area Use Permit for Kona Country Club, Inc. The 2007 Legislature passed a bill establishing school impact fees. The bill became Act 245 and is in the process of being imple1!1ented. Under this new law, it is likely that this project will be required to pay a school impact fee. The Board of Education is expected to identify and adopt school impact districts for areas requiring new or expanded facilities in the future. We are presently operating under the interim language of the bill. The DOE expects that West Hawaii will be. identified as a School Impact Fee District. Kona Country Club, Inc. should contact the DOE to discuss an educational contribution agreement. If you have any questions, please contact Jeremy Kwock of the Facilities Development Branch at (808) 377-8301. Sincerely yours, ~.~ Duane Y. Kashiwai Public Works Administrator Facilities Development Branch DYK:jmb c: Art Souza, CAS, HonokaalKealakehelKohala/Konawaena Complex Areas Glen Koyama, Project Manager, Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd. Sidney Fuke, Planning Consultant Planning Dept. Exhibit It r~----' ~ I SC~/\.N'NED I i .JUL 2 1. LllU:J I ~:~~~=-j AN AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER LINDA LINGLE GOVERNOR i)-I ~ ~:~P~~!fi. .,... 1".,.,.. , . f Lf'!'""""", Hr'\r';'''f''~ 66!j~:;T::f ",,,<,!-,,, i iAdH iff}!) tfl' n." f.,f)J! !.Jl:l ~l Ci A ~... ;!I'~j ,"J ,-". ill t . ". Q' ,. STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 869 PUNCH BOWL STREET HONOLULU, HAWAII 96813-5097 July 23, 2009 Ms. Bobby Jean Leithead- Todd, Director County of Hawaii Planning Department 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawaii 96720-4224 Dear Ms. Leithead- Todd: BRENNaN T. MORIOKA DIRECTOR Deputy Directors MICHAEL D. FORMBY FRANCIS PAUL KEENO BRIAN H_ SEKIGUCHI JIRO A. SUMADA IN REPLY REFER TO: HWY-PS 2.2692 ') Change of Zone REZ 09-000098, Special Management Area SMA 09-000034 Kona Country Club 60-Unit Residential Subdivision, Hawaii, North Kona, Keauhou, TMK: (3) 7-8-010: 101 Subject: The proposed subdivision accesses roads under the jurisdiction of the County of Hawaii. It is not expected to impact our State highway facilities. If there are any questions, please contact Robert Miyasaki, Systems Planning Engineer, Highways Division, at (808) 587-6336. Very truly yours, ,~~~. (~BRENNON T. MORlOKA, Ph.D., P.E. <S. ~irector of Transportation Planning Dept. Exhibit /2 .""': (....1"- ~ SCANNED . dUL ~8df1D.9 I_~