HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0632.000 2008-2010
BRENDA J. FORD
Council Member
District 7 - Central Kona
Phone:
Fax:
E-Mail:
(808) 326- 5684
(808) 329- 4786
bford@co.hawaii.hi. us
HA W AI'I COUNTY COUNCIL
County of Hawai 'i
Kailua Trade Center
75-5706 Hanama Place, Suite 109
Kailua-Kona, Hawai'i 96740
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DATE:
November 27,2009
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TO: 1. Yoshimoto, Chairperson,
and Members of the Hawai'i County Council
FROM: ~~renda J. Ford, Council Member
SUBJECT:
Hawai'i Island Traffic Safety Report and DUI Presentation by Dr. Sharon
Vitousek of North Hawai'i Outcomes Project
Traffic deaths and injuries are a problem statewide and the traffic death rate in Hawai'i County is
three times higher than the City & County of Honolulu and two times higher than Maui and
Kaua'i.
I request 45 minutes in the appropriate committee for a presentation on December 15, 2009, in
Kona for the North Hawai'i Outcomes Project regarding the Hawai 'i Island Traffic Safety
Report. Dr. Sharon Vitousek will make the presentation regarding traffic crash deaths in Hawai'i
County and alcohol/drug-impaired driving relationship to those deaths.
The aforementioned Hawai 'i Island Traffic Safety Report is attached. A copy of this report will
be provided to each council member.
BJF/dkr
Att.
Serving the Interests of the People of Our Island
Comm. No. h ~z.
Ref. Tor ~ r S r(C ...
Ref. Date WUV 27200!}
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"How many deaths will it take 'till he knows that too many people have died"
Blowing in the Wind, Bob Dylan
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
· Too many people die from traffic crashes on Hawaii Island roads.
· Impaired driving from alcohol is responsible for more than half of the traffic
deaths on Hawaii Island.
· Impaired driving deaths and injuries are preventable.
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· Reducing impaired driving is a shared responsibility of
Enforcement
Police and Courts
Engineers
Emergency Medical Systems
MDs RNs, ER, Pharmacies, and labs
Government
- County and State
Employers
Schools
Parents, Families, and Friends
]
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Traffic deaths and injuries are a big problem statewide and a particularly big
problem on the Big Island. The traffic death rate on the Big Island is three
times higher than the City and County of Honolulu and two times higher than
Maui and Kauai Counties.
Because, so many people on the Big Island have been personally touched by
traffic deaths or serious injuries of family or friends, it has become a grass
roots issue, which has lead to strong island-wide collaboration to: reduce
drinking and driving; enforce DUI laws; improve DUI laws; improve roads,
bike paths, pedestrian walkways; and improve access to trauma care. There is
also growing collaboration at the state level through the Strategic Highway
Safety Plan, which has active participation of many Hawaii Island traffic safety
partners. Progress is being made. And, there is still a lot more work to be
done. This report will review the active collaboration in Hawaii Countyto
reduce traffic deaths and injuries as well as the strategies recommended for
additional improvement to help make Hawaii Island roads safer for all.
Sharon H. Vitousek, M.D.
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Facilitator, Motor Vehicle Crash Reduction Group
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Too Many People Die From Traffic r
Crashes On awaii Island Roads.
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Who is Your Designated Driver?
EXECUTIVE SUMMARy................................................................................................ .....i
THE PROBLEM............................................................................................................ ...1
MOTOR VEHICILE CRASH REDUCTION GROUP (MVCRG) EFFORTS ............ ................... .......2
ASSESSING THE PROBLEM.................................... ................... .....................................3-9
AD D RESSIN G THE PRO BLEM ......................................................... ..... ........................................1 0
TRAFFIC SAFETY - PERFO RMAN CE MEASURES .............................................................. ...........11
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ENFORCEMENT - POLICE ......................................................... .................... ......... 12-16
ENFORCEMENT - COURTS............................................................... ...................... .17 -18
ENFORCEMENT - LICENSING .............................................................. ..... ....................18
EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES................................................... ......................... 19- 2 0
EN GIN GEE RI N G ............................ .,............................................................................ 21
EDUCA TION ...... .... ............................... ......... ............................. ...............................22
EVERYONE ELSE.................................................................................. ...................... 2 2
MEASURES OF PROGRESS - BENCHMARKS ..........................................................................23-25
MEASURES OF PROGRESS - ADDITIONAL BENCHMARKS .........................................................26
Co N C L U S ION SAND RECO M M EN DATI 0 N S............................................................................. 27- 2 8
LESSO N S LEARN ED.................................... .................................................................................. 2 9
ApPENDIX............... ....................................... ..... ............................................................ 30-41
ApPENDIX A - DEFINITIONS FROM NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ASSOCIATION.................................. 30
ApPENDIX B - RECOMMENDA TIONS TO THE MAYOR (AMENDED JANUARY 2008) ......................................31-32
ApPENDIX C - STA TUTE MANDA TING TESTING OF DRiVERS......................................................................... 33-34
ApPENDIX D - LIST OF MVCRG PERFORMANCE MEAUSRE.............................................................................35-36
ApPENDIX E - NHTSA CORE PERFORMANANCE MEASURE ...................................................................................37
ApPENDIX F - NEW TRAFFIC SAFETY POLICY SUPPORTED BY MVCRGAND SIGNED INTO LAW........................... 38
ApPENDIX G - LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................... 39
ApPENDIX H - RESOURCES ................................................................................................................................. 40
ApPENDIX I - MEDIA COVERAGE.......................................................................................................................... 41
ApPENDIX J - MOTOR VEHICLE CRASH REDUCTION GROUP MEMBERS................................................................. 42
ACKN OWLEDG EM ENTS ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .., ... ... ... ..... .......... ..... ............... ..............43
North Hawaii Outcomes Project - Hawaii County Traffic Safety Report-2008
Too Many People Die From Traffic Crashes On Hawaii Island Roads
.
The rate of traffic- related deaths
on Hawaii Island is nearly three
times higher than the death rate
on Oahu, between 2001 and 2008.
Traffic-related fatalities include:
motor vehicle occupants,
pedestrians, motorcyclists, moped
operators, ATV operators and
bicyclists. [Figure 1]
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· A total of 316 people died from
traffic crashes on Hawaii Island
roads, between 2000 - 2008. For
the same time period, the average
number of traffic-related deaths
per year in Hawaii County was 35.
The number of Hawaii County
traffic deaths has decreased
slightly each year since 2004.
[Figure 2]
Figure 1
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Rate of Traffic-Related Fatalities
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2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Figure 2
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Source: Hawaii State Department of Transportation
Number of Traffic-Related Fatalities
January 2000 - December 2008
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t!:;Q@~hd~qfun!Yc.9LH6dffi\,Jl~tJ 88
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41 40 39
30 33 29
28
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Source: Hawaii State Department of Transportation
The Problem · 1
Progress Is Being Made and There Is a Lot More Work To Be Done
In 2001, North Hawaii Outcomes Project (NHOP) identified that the annual age-
adjusted death rate from traffic-related crashes in North Hawaii and Hawaii County, between
1990 - 2000, was nearly three times higher than the State rate. Further investigation
through the Department of Health Injury Prevention Division, confirmed that the Hawaii
County traffic-related death rate was disproportionately high and that there was no known
focused or collaborative effort at that time to reduce the high traffic-related death rate in
Hawaii County.
In order to understand the complex causes and engage stakeholders to addresses the
causes, NHOP invited key Traffic Safety stakeholders to the first meeting in January 2003.
This prompted the formation of a committed team known as the Motor Vehicle Crash
Reduction Group (MVCRG). With facilitation from NHOP, this group has:
,/ Raised awareness of the high traffic-related death rates in Hawaii County.
,/ Raised grant funding for a Hawaii County traffic safety coordinator.
,/ Developed consensus on Recommendations to the Mayor.
,/ Identified a focus on reducing impaired driving, since impaired driving is a leading
cause of traffic-related fatalities in Hawaii County.
,/ Identified and supported evidence-based counter measures including high visibility
enforcement of driving under the influence (DUI) laws.
,/ Identified key barriers to improvement and strategies to reduce those barriers
including:
o Training police in drug recognition evaluation (DRE),
o Training prosecutors and judiciary in enforcement of DUllaws, and
o Improving the collaboration between police, ER staff and lab to test for
impaired driving.
,/ Developed consensus on new traffic safety legislation including:
o Graduated licensing, child safety seat requirement and streamlining DUI arrests.
o Higher penalties for excessive speeding, high blood alcohol levels, and drivers
under 21 years of age under the influence of alcohol and / or drugs.
,/ Supported a new grant for court monitoring of DUI arrests in order to gather data on
DUI conviction rates.
,/ Identified data inconsistencies and developed an interagency data work group.
,/ Actively participated to develop the Hawaii Strategic Highway Safety Plan and
Implementation. See http://hltap.eng.hawaiLedu/shsp/SHPSP2007-2012.pdf
,/ Developed consensus on performance measures and benchmarks for improvement.
Tracking progress through monitoring both performance measures and targeted
benchmarks will help to provide essential feedback about what is working and where
additional improvements are needed. Progress is being made and there is still a lot more
work to be done.
2 . Motor Vehicle Crash Reduction Group Efforts
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Why Is The Traffic-Related Death Rate So High In Hawaii County?
To answer the question, "why is the traffic-related death rate so high in Hawaii County?" it is
useful to review the Haddon matrix which is often used in the injury prevention field and
provides a systematic framework to assess the multiple factors contributing to traffic crash
injuries and deaths. This framework looks at factors related to human attributes, vehicle and
environmental attributes, including road design (Wikipedia, 2009). This matrix is a valuable
tool for both assessing the relative importance of different contributing factors and guiding
decisions on priorities for intervention. [Figure 3]
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Figure 3
Haddon Matrix: Basic
road safety elements
),d(,,~!tYP re-crashQ,'ii;,;~,
,:,( C[E1~b' preventiprl lJt
Roadworthiness
-Driver skill
-Education / Training
-Attitude toward safety
-Vehicle design
-Vehicle equipment
-Vehicle safety
equipment
.' ,:"Crash, ;"'~;'
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'i(iJ1jluy;prevention)
Personal Protective
Equipment
Crashworthiness
-Seatbelt and helmet use
-Vehicle Safety
Equipment
-Personal Protective
Equipment
Post-crash
J~~wingJiv~s)
-Crash research
-Education training
-Evaluation
-Automated Collision
Notification System
-Crash Research
-Enforcement
-Lane position / sharing
-Road hazard
Road "Furniture"
-Barriers,
-Crosswalks
Assessing the Problem' 3
Why Is The Traffic-Related Death Rate So High Is Hawaii County?
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HUMAN FACTORS
.
IMPAIRED DRIVING
More than half of the Hawaii
County traffic deaths (58%)
were alcohol-related, between
2002 and 2008. This
proportion is higher than the
other counties and 12% higher
than the State average for the
same time. In 2006; the
national average was 40% and
Hawaii was the State with the
highest proportion of alcohol-
related traffic deaths (NHTSA,
2006). [Figure 4]
.
The proportion of Hawaii County
fatal crashes that were
alcohol-related has actually
increased between 2003-2008.
[Figure 5] This may be partly
related to increased testing by
police for alcohol. [Figure 38]
Note: Recently released
National Highway Traffic Safety
Association (NHTSA) guidelines
for tracking impaired driving
recommend using "alcohol-
impaired" levels, a blood alcohol
content (BAC)> 0.08 rather
than "alcohol-related," which
reflects a BAC >0.01. Until that
data is available, alcohol-related
will be tracked.
4 · Assessing the Problem
Figure "I:
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100% r..'
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Average Proportion of Alcohol-Related
Traffic Fatalities by County (2002- 2008)
.... --....-----'-..... -..-.......--.---.- '.-;-..-.. -.-----.------.--.-..--.---------.-...,.. .-.----1
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State Average - 47% I
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30%
20%
10%
0%
Hawaii Countv
C&Cof Honolulu
Kauai Countv
Maui Countv
Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Source: Hawaii State Department of Transportation
Figure 5
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Proportion of Fatal Crashes That Were
Alcohol-Related (2001 - 2008)
.....Ha;-v,ail.
. f. County
~ State
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66%
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..... - - - - 490,{ 49% .... - ....
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2007
2008
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Source: Hawaii State Department of Transportation
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Impaired Driving from Alcohol is Responsible for More
Than Half of the Traffic Deaths on Hawaii Island
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The map below classifies the 287 fatal crashes on Hawaii Island between the years 2000-2007 into
four categories.
o The red dots (122) are the largest category and show the locations of fatal crashes in
which the driver tested positive for alcohol or drugs.
o The yellow dots (54), show the fatal crash locations for which all drivers were either
not tested or for whom test results are unknown.
o The green dots (43) show locations for which testing showed no impairment.
o The black dots (68) are locations for which FARS impairment data was not available
either because the crash occurred in 2007 or did not occur on a public roadway.
Of the 219 fatal crashes on this map which have information about whether alcohol and/ or
drugs were involved (the red, yellow and green dots), 122 (55%) of those fatal crashes
involved the use of alcohol or drugs. [Figure 6]
. .W,1fI9;.:I~\,~C).URiD.~$,'~.,..Ar.l;di~p~,~,~,'B.~"
Source:\.;lnjurYPf~ventiori&CoritroiF>rogram> HawaiiStai~ DepartineniofH~aith',' '. .
, .' F,or njorr !nfo~miitiofl,~i~i.t wwW:.~~O!t9nf . . . .. , . .
Assessing the Problem. 5
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Why Is The Traffic-Related Death Rate So High Is Hawaii County?
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
.
ROADS
Hawaii County has nearly the
same number of cross centerline
fatal crashes as Honolulu County
between 2004 - 200S, despite
having a population one fifth the
size of Honolulu County's
population. [Figure 7]
.
Hawaii County had significantly
more fatal crashes at higher
posted speeds (45-60mph) than
other counties, for the years
2001 - 2005. This difference is
likely because Hawaii County
has a greater proportion of two
lane undivided highways with
55 mph speed limits compared
tq, the rest of the State. [Figure 8]
6 . Assessing the Problem
figure 7
I Total Number of Cross Centerline Fatal Traffic Crashesl
by County (2004-2008) I
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Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Maui County
Kauai County
Source: Hawaii State Department of Transportation
Figure 8
Posted Speed Limit of Fatal Crashes
by County, 2001 - 2005
100%
75%
50%
25%
Hawaii
Honolulu
l\'Iaui
Kauai
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Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Source: Hawaii State Department of Health, Injury
Prevention and Control Program
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Too Many People Die from Traffic Crashes on Hawaii Island Roads
Mapping the location of fatal crashes can help determine high fatal crash sites in order to prioritize
allocation of engineering and enforcement resources. At this time, no similar map of high serious
crash (non-fatal) locations is publicly available. [Figure 9]
Figure 9
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locations of Fatal Motor Vehicle-Related Crashes
in Hawaii County, 1996 - 2004 '
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Assessing the Problem' 7
Died at
scene
< 1 hour
> 1 hour
hospital, total
Total
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Why is the Traffic-Related Death Rate so High in Hawaii County?
ENVIORNMENTAL FACTORS
EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES
. "The figure below shows the crude fatality rates (adjusted for resident population) for
motorists, for various time periods. The fatality rate for motorists killed at the scene on
Hawaii County rate was nearly 5 times higher than for Honolulu County (13.3 vs. 2.8
deathsj100,OOO population, respectively). The death rate at the scene for Neighbor
Islands (9.8) was nearly four times higher than Honolulu County. There were also
significant differences in the fatality rates for crash victims who were transported and
died in hospital settings, when comparing Honolulu to Hawaii County or all Neighbor
Islands combined" (Dan Galanis, Ph.D., Hawaii Department of Health, Injury and
Prevention Control, 2009). [Figure 10]
. The nearly five times highefdeath rate for Hawaii County compared to Honolulu County at the
scene is most likely related to 1) higher crash impact associated with cross centerline crashes
on undivided rural roads, and 2) longer times for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) transport
because of longer distances and relatively fewer ambulances per square mile. [See Figure 11]
Figure 10
5
Hawaii County
24.3*
(42)
5
Neighbor Islands
Honolulu County
20
15
10
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Transported, died in hospital
* Denotes statistically significant difference in fatality rate vs. Honolulu County.
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8 · Assessing the Problem
Too Many People Die from Traffic Crashes on Hawaii Island Roads
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· The map below shows the locations of Hawaii Island Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and
acute hospitals caring for trauma patients. [See Figure 11] Currently, the only certified trauma
hospital in the State of Hawaii is a Level II trauma center and requires a flight to Honolulu over
water. [Figure 32]
Figure 11
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Hawan Island
EMS and Acute Hospitals
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Hawaii Community Hospital
Map by: North Hawaii Outcomes Project - May 2009
Legend:
GJAcute Care Facility
* EMS Facility
Medic 1 - Central Fire Station
Medic 3 - Kawailani Fire Station
Medic 5 - Keaau Fire Station
Medic 6 - Captain Cook Fire Station
Medic 7 - Kailua Fire Station
Medic 8 - Honokaa Fire Station
Medic 9 - Waimea Fire Station
Medic 10 - Pahoa Fire Station
Medic 11A-Naalehu Fire Station
Medic 12 - Keauhou Fire Station
Medic 14 - South Kohala Fire Station
" @ Chopper 2 Aeromedical
Medic 15 - North Kohala Fire Station
Medic 16 - Waikoloa Fire Station
Medic 19 -Volcano Fire Station
Medic 20 - Ocean View Fire Station
Assessing the Problem' 9
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GUIDING PRINCIPLES
The guiding principles for the Motor Vehicle Crash Reduction Group's efforts to reduce traffic deaths
and injuries in Hawaii County are that the work will be:
· Data driven
· Based on a sense of shared responsibilities
· Collaborative with all traffic safety partners
· Evidence-based, or based on "what's worked elsewhere?"
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PRIORITIZING INTERVENTIONS
Prioritizing interventions to reduce traffic deaths and injuries has been identified at three levels:
· County - at the county level, the MVCRG Recommendations to the Mayor (See Appendix B)
recommended an initial focus on reducing impaired driving. More recently, the MVCRG has
added a focus on improving road design and emergency medical services.
· State - at the .5.tate level the Hawaii Strategic Highway Safety
Plan selected seven of the 22 emphasis areas identified by
NHTSA as key interventions. See
http://hltap.eng.hawaiLedu/ shsp /SHSP2 007 - 200 12.pdf.
o Combating Impaired Driving
o Putting the Brakes on Aggressive Driving
o Protecting Vehicle Occupants
o Safeguarding Pedestrian and Bicyclists
o Ensuring Motorcycle and Moped Safety
o Building Safer Roadways by Design
o Improving Data and Safety Management Systems
· National- at the national level, NHTSA has identified 22 emphasis areas to help states
prioritize interventions. See http:.I/safety.transportation.org/elements.aspx.
TRACKING PROGRESS
Tracking progress for this work uses a common traffic safety framework known as the 5 E's:
· Enforcement
· Engineering
· Emergency Medical Services
· Education
· Everyone Else or others
The 5 E's framework and the performance measures recommended by the MVCRG are used
in the following pages to track progress in reducing traffic deaths and injuries.
10 · Assessing the Problem
WHY PERFORMANCE MEASURES:
"Better performance measures are needed to fully gauge the impact that future Federal resources
will have on State programs." Performance measures are used for several different purposes:
.. Set goals ______"
.. Connect goals to actions
.. Allocate resources
.. Monitor and evaluate progress
.. Communicate the priorities, results, and the value to society of
various traffic safety program areas and activities
TYPES OF PERFORMANCE MEASURES
.. Outcomes: may include crashes, injuries, or fatalities; may be presented
as numbers, rates (per population, vehicle mile traveled, licensed
driver, etc.), percentages, or ratios.
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Study
Plan
t This is a continuos 1
improvement process ',",'"
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" reflect improvement
Act
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co Behavior: may include observed behavior on the road or self-reported behavior obtained through
surveys; also may include self-reported awareness, knowledge, and attitudes.
co Activities: may include law enforcement, courts, media, education, and other activities that may
affect traffic safety.
USE OF PERFORMANCE MEASURES MANDATED BY NHTSA:
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Governors Highway Safety
Association (GHSA) have agreed on a minimum set of performance measures to be used by States
and federal agencies in the development and implementation of behavioral highway safety plans
and programs. NHTSA core performance measures are now mandated to begin in 2010. See
Appendix E.
NEW ALCOHOL MEASURES
Core outcome meaSUl:e iR the minimum set:
C-5) Number of fatalities involving a driver or
motorcycle operator with a BAC of 0 .08 and above.
(F ARS) Fatalities involving a driver with a BAC of 0.08
and above addresses impaired driving at the illegal
per se BAC level. For many years NHTSA has reported
the measure "all alcohol-involved fatalities," defined as
all fatalities in which at least one active participant
(driver, pedestrian, or bicyclist) has a positive BAC.
The minimum set measure "fatalities involving a
driver with BAC 0.08 and above" provides a more
useful measure of alcohol-impaired driving. One
attractive measure is the ratio of fatalities involving
alcohol to fatalities not involving alcohol, which
statisticians call the odds ratio. Other odds ratios also
could be used, for example the ratio of drivers in fatal
crashes with BAC 0.08 and above to drivers in fatal crashes with BAC below 0.08.
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Figure 13
I Categories of Driving Associated with Alcohol
ABSTRACTED BY NHOP FROM: Traffic Safety Performance Measures for States and
Federal Agencies, (DOT & NHTSA Logos DOT HS 811 025, August 2008).
[These above recommendations came out after the MVCRG identification of benchmarks in this
report. The next version of this report will be updated to reflect these newer recommendations.]
Traffic Safety Performance Measures. 11
DUt Arrests Are Up
The MVCRG developed consensus on key
performance measures to reduce trafftc-
related fatalities and injuries based on the
following goals. Data from many of the key
goals was collected with help from safety
partners and is shown below. Potential
additional data is identified in blue.
INCREASE HIGH VISIBILITY ENFORCEMENT
OF DUI LAWS
· The annual number of DUI arrests in Hawaii
County increased by 30% between 2005
and 2008. [Figure 14]
· Because of increased enforcement of DUI
laws, the rate of DUI arrests per 100,000
population increased by 26% between 2005
and 2007. This increase in the rate of DUI
arrests per population shows that the
increasing number of attests is not just
because of an increase in population. The
higher rate also shows that larger portions
of the population are being arrested for
driving under the influence. [Figure 151
· The number of DUI arrests per traffic
enforcement officer increased by 48%
between in 2005 and 2007. On average,
each active traffic officer arrested more
alleged DUI offenders in 2006 and 2007,
reflecting an increased priority on DUI
enforcement. [Figure 16]
12 · Enforcement -- Police
[
Figure 14
Hawaii County
Number of Total DUI Arrests
~---_.__.._"'~-
i
i
I
L.
2,000
1,800
[
1,600
t;
OJ
to 1,400
<(
=>
01,200
'0
~ 1,000
E
:J
Z 800
o
r
[
[
600
400
200
i
i___
2007
2008
2003
2004
2005
2006
r
Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Source: Hawaii County Police Department
Figure 15
r-------------
i
! Hawaii County
Rate of DU I Arrests per 100,000 population
1'-
i 14000 'I
i c 1200.0 .1[.
1.2
! ro I
I i 1000.0j
181
I ~ 800.0 817.2 79~6 'I
I i 600.0 ;,,1
! IX 400.0 II
I \\
I ':: '00' WM '00' WOO '00' woo -JI
l_._._.._.___._._._______.__..___.___..___ _..._..___._____...._____.__....._..___.J
L
l_
L
L
r
I
Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Source: Hawaii County Police Department
Figure 16
r
Hawaii County
Rate of DUI Arrests per Traffic Enforcment Officer
I
L
4.0
f-
I
3.5
3.0
l
2.5
2.0
L
1.5
1.0
0.5
r-
l
0.0
Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Source: Hawaii County Police Department
Police Are Tracking DUI Enforcement by Districts and by Underage Status
Figure 17
,---------------------------------.-----------------------------------------..--------,
j I
! Hawaii County - Total DUI Arrests by Districts I
I
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...J:
-[~
.:
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[-'
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In
INCREASE HIGH VISIBILITY
ENFORCEMENT
The number of DUI arrests in
Hawaii Island districts
increased for many of the
districts between 2006-2008.
Most notably, DUI arrests
increased in South Kohala
and South Hilo. The map to
the right produced by North
Hawaii Outcomes Project was
used as a feedback tool by
police. [Figure 17]
INCREASE ENFORCEMENT OF
UNDERAGE DRINKING LAWS
("ZERO TOLERANCE")
The number of DUI arrests of
drivers less than 21 years of age
increased significantly (42%)
between 2005-2008, however, the
number in 2008 was about the same
as 2003. [Figure 18]
r~~ North Kohalah -
\)12121J2':2"'~__~
~. I North Hilo n
South Kohala 0
_ 75/8V111 Hamakua 14/2I~~
~~ f 8110 I ~/ --------~,/\{
North Kona / \ :/
/ f \ ,
/ \ "-
/~ t"v// ~ ~
Combined Y"---~~ ~ \:: 133/130/133
653/653/611 \ I Ka'u -n ~
~ South Kona 42/47/30 ~
/
j/
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!
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Prepared by North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Data from Hawaii County Police Department
revised 03_03_09
2006 = 1,279
2007 = 1,413
2008 = 1,395
Figure 18
Hawaii County
Total Number of DUI Arrests Under 21 Years of Age
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
o
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Source: Hawaii County Police Department
Enforcement - Police' 13
[
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L
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1-
Police Have Increased High Visilbility Enforcement
INCREASE SOBRIETY CHECKS AND
MEDIA COVERAGE
· The number of sobriety checks in
FFY 2005 was the highest for the
years between 2004-2007.
According to the Hawaii County
Police Department, the number of
sobriety checks with media
coverage averaged one per quarter
or four times a year, for the years
2004 - 2007. [Figure 19] The
numbers of sobriety checks in
Hawaii Comity are ba5eci on the
federal fiscal reporting year of
October - September.
Figure 19
Hawaii County-
Number of Sobriety Checks
1200
i
1180
i
1160
i
!140
i
!
i 120
i
1':
I 60
I
i
I 40
I 20
i 0
I
!
i
FFY-2004
Source: Hawaii County Police Department
Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project
r
L
FFY-2005
I r
-I
! -
L
L
[
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[
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L
[
[
[
FFY-2006
FFY-2007
i
--'
· Media coverage of sobriety checks was increased through home grown print and radio media.
Two of these print media are shown below. Hawaii County Police Department officers help
the public understand the increased risk of being arrested for violating DUllaws. [Figure 20]
Figure 20
· This increased media was coordinated by the Hawaii County
Traffic Safety Coordinator who was active between 2005 to
2007, and was modeled on similar media seen at the
National Lifesavers 2006 conference. [Figure 21]
14 · Enforcement - Police
Figure 21
Police Have Increased Testing of Drivers for Alcohol
INCREASE ApPROPRIATE
ALCOHOL AND DRUG TESTING
OF CRASHES
· A higher proportion of DOl
arrests are coming from
drivers involved in collisions.
[Figure 22]
· Statute 291 E mandates
driver testing in the event of a
collision resulting in injury or
death. See Appendix C.
[
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[
[
[
REDUCE THE NUMBER
OF FATAL CRASHES NOT
TESTED FOR ALCOHOL
. There were fewer drivers
involved in fatal crashes who
were not tested between
2002- 2006, though the
numbers are small.
[Figure 23]
I~
I
I
1_
Figure 22
I
I
130%
I
!
Hawaii County
Proportion of DUI Arrests Involved in a Traffic Collision
-,
I
I
I
I
!
\ I
25%
I
I
I
I
I
I
!
I!
I
I
I
i
I
I
I
I
[20%
I
15%
10%
I"
I 0% '
L
2008
2006
2007
2003
2004
2005
_J
Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Source: Hawaii County Police Department
Figure 23
r------ Hawaii County -------------1
!
I Number of Drivers not Tested in Fatal Traffic Crashes I
I - I
I 10 I
I 91
I I
I 8 I
I i
ii' 7 I
i
I 6 I
I 5 i
I ! I
I 4 I
I 3 ; I
I
1
I
I
--1
2
o
2002
2005
2006
2003
2004
Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Source: Hawaii State Department of Health, Injury
Prevention and Control Program
Enforcement - Police' 15
Figure 24
[
[
1-
[
[
l-
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r-
l
!-
IU
[
Police Have Increased Training to Test Drivers for Alcohol and Drugs
IMPROVE POLICE INTOXIL YZER PROGRAMS
· The number of intoxilyzer trainings held between 2004-2007 in Hawaii
County was ten.
· A total of 118 officers attended intoxilzer training during the years
2004-2007
(Hawaii County Police Department, 2008).
INCREASE DRUG RECOGNITION EVALUATION (DRE) TRAINING
· 1 DRE training was held in 2005 and 18 police officers received training
(Hawaii County Police Department, 2008).
2004
2005
2006
2007
2
2
2
4
Source: Hawaii County Police Department
INCREASE DRUG RECOGNITION EVALUATION (DRE) STAFFING
In 2004, the total number of DRE trained officers in Hawaii County was only two. This was
identified as a barrier to appropriate testing of alleged impaired drivers for drugs.
· The number of officers with DRE training as of December 2007 is 22 (Hawaii County Police
Department, 2008).
ADDRESS POLICE STAFFING BARRIERS To ARRESTS
In 2003, the number of unfilled police positions was identified as a key barrier to enforcement of
DUllaws.
· The number of traffic enforcement officers as of December 2007 was five officers and one
sergeant.
· The number of unfilled positions for traffic enforcement as of December 2007 was two officers.
· The number of unfilled police positions as of December 2007 was 32 vacancies
(Hawaii County Police Department, 2008).
ADDRESS ENGINEERING BARRIERS To ARREST
· In 2004, Police identified the need for more pullout areas to allow safely stopping drivers
suspected of violating laws.
· Since then, significant road widening in several areas has been accomplished along with the Mass
Transit development of many pullout spots for buses.
INCREASE EFFECTIVENESS OF LIQUOR CONTROL
Data for the following performance measures not yet available.
· # of alcohol beverage outlets in Hawaii County
· # of alcohol beverage control agents (ABC) in Hawaii County
· # of alcohol outlets per ABC agent
· # of "stings" per year for underage drinking
· # arrested in "stings" per year for underage drinking
· # of sanctions of liquor outlets
<I # of alcohol server trainings
16 · Enforcement - Police
r
I
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1_
l
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ru
DU I Conviction Rates Have Increased
Dismissals of DUI Arrests Have Decreased
INCREASE EFFICIENCY OF JUDICIARY SYSTEM
· The conviction rate for DUI increased from
2003-2005. The conviction rate is calculated
by the number of convictions divided by the
number of arrests per year. [Figure 25]. The
prosecutor's office has led an analysis of
reasons for dismissals.
, ,
,---->-
REDUCE PROCESSING TIME FOR DUI ARRESTS
· Prosecutors have set a goal of 90 days for DUI
processing.
· # and % meeting 90 day goal
· Current average DUI processing time from
arrest to disposition of case.
rOt
!
L_~
IMPROVE ADMINISTRATIVE REVOCATION OF
LICENSE (ADLRO) PROCESSING TIME FOR
DUI ARRESTS
· # of police trainings for ADLRO per year
· The number and percent of ADLRO
rescissions (dismissals) decreased from 14%
to 10% during the pilot observation time in
2008. [Figure 26].
r'
I
I
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L-"
I[
USE COURT MONITORING To UNDERSTAND
ISSUES
· Full analysis of recommendations from the
Hawaii County Court Monitoring Project is
still pending. However, some opportunities
for improving court processes became clear
during observations and have been shared
with the courts. Court monitors noted
that multiple continuances frequently delayed
court processing. Several changes have since
been implemented to reduce continuances.
· The number of court monitors, observations,
and cases per year are indicated. [Figure 27].
Figure 25
I
1100%
---.----.-------------..---.---.-----------:
Hawaii County
Preliminary District Court DUI Conviction Rate
i
I
I
I
I
I
I
i
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I
I
I
I
i
I
i
I
i
----I
2006
90%
80%
70%
I
I 60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2003
2004
2005
i
---!
Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Source: Hawaii State Judiciary and
Hawaii Countv Police Deoartment
Figure 26
I
I
125%
!
120%
i
I
115%
I
I
I
I
I
I
!
i
I
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I
!
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I
I
I
WH"'. "00'" ... .. '
Source: Hawaii County Police Department
Hawaii County
ADLRO Rescissions
10%
I 5%
I
i 0%
L
7/1108 - 08131108
Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Figure 27
2006-07
13
1,634
819
2007 -08
9
2,340
1,234
Source: Hawaii Community College - Court Monitoring Project
Enforcement - Courts and Licensing · 17
"[
[
Prosecutors, Police and Judiciary Have Increased
Training for DU I Processing
1-
l
[
r
r
r
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r
r
INCREASE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING IN HANDLING IMPAIRED DRIVERS
· Hawaii County has conducted DUI and Trial Advocacy training annually.
· One Hawaii County Judge attended the
2009 National Traffic Safety Conference
known as the Lifesavers Conference.
PROVIDE INTENSE SUPERVISION OF
REPEAT OFFENDERS:
1) DRUG COURT, 2) TRAFFIC SAFETY
RESOURCE PROSECUTOR
Data for the following performance
measures not yet available. Source: Hawaii County Prosecutors Office
IMPROVE HOW COURTS TRACK AND HANDLE CASES, PROVIDE MONITORING OF REPEAT
OFFENDERS & LIMITING USE OF DIVERSION FOR REPEAT OFFENDERS
· New Ignition Inferlock law puts repeat offenders on probation.
Data for the following performance measures not yet available.
DEVELOP & ENCOURAGE ALTERNATE SANCTIONS FOR REPEAT OFFENDERS: IMPOUNDMENT,
IGNITION INTERLOCK, REPORTING CENTERS, INTENSIVE PROHIBITION SUPERVISION, HOME
DETENTION
· Ignition interlock was signed into law through Act 171 by Governor Lingle in 2007, amended
200S.
IMPROVE LINKS WITH ALCOHOL TREATMENT PROGRAMS.
Data for the following performance measures not yet available.
ADDRESS FINANCIAL BARRIERS To OBTAINING ASSESSMENTS AND ACCESSING REHAB WITH
ALCOHOL TREATMENT PROGRAMS
* Identified opportunity for improvement.
of Hawaii County
prosecutors trained per
year
of Hawaii County police
officers trained per year
10
17
10
16
The Haddon Matrix on page three notes that vehicle characteristics and safety equipment can
impact the outcome of a crash. Vehicle inspection is intended to assure minimum safety
equipment.
IMPROVE VEHICLE SAFETY INSPECTION
,
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1_
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r-
r
IMPROVE COMMERCIAL TRUCK INSPECTION
Data for the following performance measures not yet available.
+ # of motor vehicle safety officers (MVSO) in Hawaii County
+ # and % of (MVSO) positions filled in Hawaii County
· # of commercial vehicles inspected per year
· # and % which do not pass inspection per year
18 · Enforcement - Courts and Licensing
DOH Plans to Develop Levell!! Trauma Certification at all Three
Hawaii Is!and Acute Hospitals
Figure 29
ASSESS ROLE OF LONG DISTANCES FOR EMS
TRANSPORT
· For the time period January 1, 2007 -
July 31, 2008, there was a total of 1,390 and an
average of 77 traffic trauma ground transports
per month on Hawaii Island. [Figure 29]
The new EMS Electronic Medical Record allows
better tracking of transport times from crash to
hospital.
"'-'j'
· Total EMS transport times from the scene to a
acute hospitaron island were significantly longer
for Hawaii County compared to the City & County
of Honolulu. However, Hawaii County transport
times were shorter than for MauL [Figure 30]
,.....i'
.
Hawaii County does not at this time, have a
designated trauma hospital. Traffic-related
trauma patients are transported initially to an
acute care hospital on Hawaii Island, where
victims are stabilized. From the emergency room,
victims are then either admitted to the hospital or
transported by air to the only Level II trauma
center at Queen's. [Figure 32] A yearly average of
56 traffic crash victims were transferred each year
from a Hawaii County hospital to Queen's Medical
Center, for the years 2003 -2007. This is an
average of 4.6 transfers per month. [Figure 31]
. DOH has developed a plan and funding to improve
trauma care in Hawaii County by supporting all
three acute care hospitals to become Level III
trauma centers.
Note: "Transport Time" = EMS transportation from crash
scene to first hospital. "Transfer Time" = EMS
transportation from one hospital to Trauma Center.
Hawaii County
Number of Ground Transports from Motor Vehicle Crashes to
Hospitals on Big Island (Jan. 01, 2007 - Jul. 31, 2008)
700 ........m__. _ u.
600
i
I
~ m16Jq ~
500
400
300
200
100
HfloHospitoll
Kona Hospital North HilW311 lQu Hospitill Koh:alil' Hospital
Community HO$plbll
Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project Source: Hawaii State Department of Health,
Injury Prevention and Control Program
Figure 30
EMS total transport times for motor vehicle crashes, by county, 2007-2008
100%
75%
50%
25%
Honolulu Hawaii Kauai Maui
(3083 crashes) (1373) (288) (701)
~ <25 min. aft<:r .:rash [E] 251029 min. iii :;0 - :;9 min. II 40 - 49 min 1150+ mill
Source: Hawaii State Department of Health, Injury Prevention and Control Program
Figure 31
1----------------.-----.-----]
i Number of Motor Vehicle Crash Trauma Transfers !
I to Queen's Medical Center (2003 - 2007)
100
90
80
70
60
I ::
i 30
I
I 20
110
I 0 -----I
L_~~_____~_______2005 _~_____~~______~7~_._J
Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Proiect
Source: Queen's Medical Center
Emeraencv Medical Services. 19
Ambulance -.. Fixed Wing -. Ambulance
.[
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Additional Performance Measures identihed, but not data available.
INCREASE EMERGENCY ROOM USE OF ALCOHOL SCREENING AND BRIEF INTERVENTION
· #: and o;() of ER's using alcohol and drug screening and brief intervention tool
PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL EDUCATION FOR ER AND PRIMARY CARE ON ALCOHOL SCREENING
AND BRIEF INTERVENTIONS
~ # and % of MD offices given screening
· #: and % of MD offices using screening
IMPROVE LINKS WITH ALCOHOL TREATMENT PROGRAMS
· #: and % of ER's & clinics with resource list for alcohol treatment
Emergency Response System
Hawaii County Compared to City & County of Honolulu
Figure 32
r'-
I
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I
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r
--^--
""'"
r 'Hawaii~~~~~~S :ij
Transport Time
Arrival time Scene time Receivinetime
Transfer time
!
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City & County of Honolulu
1
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Transport Time
Arrival time Scene time Receivine time
[
l
20 · Emeraencv Medical Services
Hawaii State Highway Strategic Plan Commits
To Building Safer Roads
BUILDING SAFER ROADS
· Building safer roads is one of several emphasis areas in the new Hawaii State Strategic
Plan.
INTERDISCIPLINARY "HOT SPOT" ANALYSIS OF BOTH HIGH FREQUENCY FATALITIES
LOCATIONS & CRASH FREQUENCY LOCATIONS
~ # of high frequency fatality locations which have had an interdisciplinary analysis?,
· # of high frequency crash locations with analysis
[
[
[
[
[
[
L
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INTERVENTIONS BASED ON "HOT SPOT" ANALYSIS & INTEGRATED PLANNING
~ # of high fatality and high crash sites which have had planning and implementation of
engineering improvements, including low cost interventions
PUBLIC INPUT ON DOT PRIORITIES BASED ON SAFETY CRITERIA
DOT HAS A HIGH PRIORITY ON SAFETY FOR PUBLIC INPUT
Process to determine traffic interventions include high priority on safety.
· "There are no criteria for comments the public wishes to make re: the STIPor its
revisions. DOT receives comments about just about everything that's remotely related
to the STIP. Safety has been commented on a number oftimes, since the specific goal of
many STlP projects is to improve safety.
Also, safety and safety improvements are always considered in all of the projects that
the DOT develops. " --Hawaii STIP Manager
....
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Engineering' 21
Data for the following performance measures not yet available.
GENERAL LINK WITH NHTSA IMPAIRED DRIVING CAMPAIGNS
[
l
* # of PSA Le, radio, newspaper, digital signs per year
SCHOOL EDUCATION; ELEMENTARY, MIDDLE, HIGH, COLLEGE
· Three schools participated in Shattered Dreams Program on Hawaii Island since 2003
" # of schools with presentation on risky drinking and driving
· # of schools with MADD or SADD chapters
· # & % of schools with Too Smart to Start curriculum
r
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r
INCREASE DESIGNATED DRIVER PROGRAMS IN RESTAURANTS AND BARS, LINK WITH LOCAL
BUSINESSES. INCREASE SAFE RIDES PROGRAM
" # & (Yo of bars & restaurants with Designated Driver programs compared to 2004,
" # with Safe Rides
" # of taxi's participating in Safe Rides Program
· # of calls for free ride / taxi service
· # of buses - The County of Hawaii, Office of Mass Transit reports "since 2003, the following
buses have been added to our fleet:
../ 2004 - 1 - 33 passenger bus
../ 2006 - 4 - 25 passenger buses, 3 - 33 passenger buses, 3 - 45 passenger buses
../ 2008 - 5 - 14 passenger buses, 2 - 33 passenger buses, 5 - 45 passenger buses.
This comes to 23 buses, and we retired 2 older ones. There is a net gain of 21 buses
since 2003./1
IDENTIFY PROBLEM DRINKING SPOTS - PARKS & RECREATION AND PARTY SPOTS
Data for the following performance measures not yet available
· # /% of "sting visits" revealing selling to underage youth
r-
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r
I
IDENTIFY PROBLEM DRINKING SPOTS. INCLUDING BARS, STORES, SELLING To TEENS
Data for the following performance measures not yet available Figure 33
· # identified and sanctioned
r
[
SUPPORT EFFICIENT REPORTING & TRACKING OF AGGRESSIVE
DRIVING
· # reported is displayed here.
HAWAII COUNTY MADD CHAPTER DEVELOPMENT
2006
2007
2008
654
625
329
1-
L
Source: www.solutionsislandhawaii.com
l.
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r
· MADD opened a new chapter on Hawaii Island in December
2008 located at 688 Kinoole Street, Suite 107 Hilo, Hawaii Program Coordinator,
Clarrissa Fernandes (808) 934-0300.
MEDIA SUPPORT FOR IMPAIRED DRIVING INITIATIVES AND PRIORITIES
· # PSA's
IDENTIFY & DISSEMINATE INFORMATION ON MODEL EMPLOYER POLICIES & PRACTICES To
PREVENT DRINKING & DRIVING
· # of businesses contacted
22 · Education and Everyone Else
Although the Number of Alcohol-Related Fatal Crashes Is Up,
The Total Number of Fatal Crashes Is Down
[
The 2008 Recommendations to the
Mayor (See Appendix B) suggested
that Hawaii County track progress
in reducing traffic fatalities and
injuries by tracking the following
three benchmarks. These
benchmarks use two-year averages
in order to reduce the variation
associated with small numbers.
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Benchmark1 - The two year
average number of alcohol-
related (BAC >0.01) fatal
crashes in Hawaii County.
The goal clearly is to reduce the
number of alcohol-related fatal
crashes. However, the number of
alcohol-related fatal crashes is
increasing. [Figure 35]
The reason for the increase in the
number of alcohol-related fatal
crashes is most likely because a
higher portion of drivers involved
in fatal crashes in Hawaii County
are being tested for alcohol.
The total number of fatal crashes
was down for Hawaii County in
2008 compared to 2004. For the
same time period, fatal crashes
were up on Maui and the same on
Kauai.
Figure 34
I--.--.------~_._----------------_._-------~
Hawaii County I
Two Year Average Number of Alcohol-Related Fatal Crashes
25 I- II
I I . I
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20 j I
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i I
I I
I I I
115 I
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o
2001-2002
2003-2004
2005-2006
2007-2008
Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Source: Hawaii State Department of Transportation
Figure 35
~. ---.,
i
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i
Annual Number of Fatal Crashes
January 2001 - December 2008
100
90
80
79
73
70
65
65
60
50
40
33 33 35 34
~~~~~---.~~~ :::::
17__15 15----
30
20
10
10
4
4
____9
5
9
9
9
o
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Source: Hawaii State Department of Transportation
Benchmarks. 23
[
Although The Number of Alcohol-Related Fatalities Is Up,
The Total Number of Fatalities Is Down
Benchmark 2 - The two year
average number of alcohol-
related (BAC >0.01) fatalities
in Hawaii County.
.
Alcohol-related fatalities
have increased rather than
decreased from 2001 -
2008, as seen in Figure 36.
However this is most likely
because of the increase in
testing of fatal crashes for
alcohol, rather than an
increase in drinking drivers.
.
The total number of traffic
fatalities in Hawaii County
was down in 2008 compared
to 2004, as seen in Figure
37. For the same time
period, deaths on Maui and
Kauai increased.
24 · Benchmarks
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figure 36
Hawaii County
Two Year Average Number of Alcohol-Related Fatalities
30
25
20
15
10
5
o
2001 -2002
2005-2006
2007-2008
2003-2004
Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Source: Hawaii State Department of TranspDrtatiDn
Figure 37
.....--._---~------------------_._-----~---_.._-_.
,
; 100
Annual Number of Traffic-Related Fatalities
January 2000 - December 2008
75
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50
~
29
25
~~
_____ 28
24........... ___24-24
20__ .___21----.. .___20
16 15 14
10-10-- ___9__11
5- 4-4- 5---- ;{~1jfi'C~trity
O '
,
2000
2004
2005
2007
2008
2006
2001
2002
2003
Chart: NDrth Hawaii OutcDmes Project
Source: Hawaii State Department Df TransPDrtatiDn
Although The Number of Alcohol-Related Fatal Crashes Is Up,
The Total Number of Fatal Crashes Is Down
[
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Benchmark 3 - The two year
average percent of fatal
crashes that were alcohol-
related (HAC >0.01).
· As with the previous
benchmarks, this shows
ap..-increase in the
proportion of alcohol-
related fatal crashes and
most likely reflects
increased testing of
drivers involved in fatal
crashes. [Figure 38]
p
U
Figure 38
I
I
I Hawaii County
Two Year Percent of Fatal Crashes that were Alcohol-Related
i 100%
I 00.
I
I 80%
I
I 70%
I
I
I 60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2001 -2002
2007 -2008
2003-2004
2005-2006
Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Source: Hawaii State Department of Transportation
Note: The new National Highway Traffic Safety Association guidelines recommend tracking DUI
fatalities (driver with a BAC > 0.08) rather than alcohol-related fatalities (driver with a BAC > 0.01).
Benchmarks' 25
Figure 39
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2008
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Major Collisions Are Down 25% between 2001 - 2008
ADDITIONAL BENCHMARKS
The number of major collisions is
down by 25% between 2001 -
2008. [Figure 39]
Hawaii County Police conducted
157 sobriety checks in fiscal year
2007.
26 .' Additional Benchmarks
Hawaii County
Total Number Major Collisions
3,000
2,500
II)
<::
o
~ 2,000
(5
o
.a
E 1,500
'0
~
.Q
E
~ 1,000
500
o
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Source: Hawaii County Police Department
Sobriety Checkpoint on Waikoloa Road
Since 2003, Progress is Being Made
. Training to improve enforcement of DUI laws has increased for police, prosecutors and judges.
e Police have increased enforcement of DUI laws:
o DUI arrests are up.
o Testing of injury crashes and fatal crashes for alcohol has increased.
e Courts have improved DUI processing:
o Conviction rates for DUI are up.
o Fewer DUI cases are being dismissed.
o Traffic safety laws have improved:
o The State has passed additional laws to improve traffic safety including: graduated licensing,
higher penalties for high BAC, and higher penalties for excessive speeding, child safety seat
and ignition interlock.
G Engineering improvements to build safer roads have been implemented:
o Centerline rumble strips, shoulder rumble strips and road widening.
o Lowered speed limits for high crash regions.
. Public transportation has improved through more buses island-wide.
e Statewide collaboration on Traffic Safety has increased:
o The State has developed a statewide effort to reduce deaths and injuries through the State
Highway Strategic Plan.
o Access to high crash location data has improved.
. Outcomes appear to be improving:
o Traffic collisions are down on Hawaii Island.
o Traffic deaths are down for Hawaii Island, as well as for Oahu.
o For the first time in more than twenty years, traffic death rates on Hawaii Island are about the
same as Maui and KauaL Historically, Hawaii Island has had traffic death rates approximately
two times higher than Maui and Kaliai islands.
[
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[ Figure 40
[
-Understaffing of police
-Over burdened court
system
-Funding to reduce cross
centerline crashes on
high risk rural roads
-Inadequate funding
See, State of Hawaii
Traffic Records
Assessment 2006
-Ignition Interlock
-Screening and brief intervention for
alcohol use in Emergency Department
-High Risk Rural Road Federal Fund
-Low cost interventions - ie.
-Centerline rumble strips
-DOH/Trauma plan to develop
3 Level III Trauma hospitals with
transfer agreements.
-Helicopter transports
-Electronic EMS records allow improved
crash location data.
See, State of Hawaii Traffic
Records Assessment 2006
-Collaborate to implement
screening and brief
intervention for alcohol use
in Emer enc De artment
-Work with Department of
Public Works to improve
funding for High Risk Rural
Roads
-Follow-up on all three
opportunities
See, State of Hawaii Traffic
Records Assessment 2006
Conclusions and Recommendations' 27
Reducing Impaired Driving is a Shared Responsibility
It can be done!
Enforcement (Police)
· Can continue to support high visibility enforcement of DUI laws, especially zero tolerance.
Enforcement (Courts)
· Can continue to improve tracking and handling of DUI offenders, especially repeat offenders.
· Can improve links to alcohol assessment and treatment.
Engineers
· Can implement road safety audits, use timely crash data to allocate resources and integrate
safety into all projects.
Emergency Medical Systems
· Can develop three Level III trauma hospitals on Hawaii Island.
· Can learn from Queens Medical Center how to implement screening and brief intervention of
trauma patients for risky alcohol or drug use in the Emergency Room. See vvww.iointogetheLorg,
Goveriiment (State)
· Can lead a culture of collaboration and accountability through improvements in data and Safety
Management Systems.
· Can support County collaboration by providing county level data.
Government (County)
· Can support county wide collaboration through continuing to fund a County Traffic Safety
Coordinator position.
Employers
· Can review Guide for Employers to Reduce Motor Vehicle Crashes drinking and driving policies.
See www.osha.gov /Publications /motor vehicle guide.html
Schools
· Can develop clear policies regarding student alcohol use. See
http://www.stopalcoholabuse.gov /media/GuidetoActionforEducators.pdf
· Can review evidence-based curriculums to prevent drinking and driving. See
www.toosmarttostart.samhsa.gov / and/or www.stopimpaireddriving.org/toolkits.html
Restaurants and Bars
· Can implement increased training for alcohol servers. See
www.cudtf.org/webppt/RASSreviewpaper.04.doc
Parents
· Can communicate clear prevention messages to their children. See
www.mvparents.com/parenting-matters/underage-drinking. See Parents Who Host Lose the
Most
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov /PEO PLE /INJURY / alcohol /Stoplm paired/planners /2 311 Parent
Y outhPlanner /pagesjOpEd.htm
.
Families and Friends
· Can PREVENT friends from drinking and driving. See
http://www.theantidrug.com/pdfs !resources/teen/Step Up Brochure.pdf
28 · Conclusions and Recommendations
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After reviewing the progress and outcomes in traffic safety for Hawaii Island
from 2003 -2008, it appears that a basic multidisciplinary continuous quality
improvement process at the county level is helpful to reduce traffic deaths
and injuries. The lessons learned are summarized here:
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Lessons Learned' 29
[
.
ALCOHOL RELATED DEATH - a death in which one of the drivers either tested positive for any level of alcohol[
0.01 mg/dl or above or was calculated by FARS analysis to have an alcohol level of 0.01 mg/dl or above.
ALCOHOL-IMPAIRED DEATH - a death where one driver is considered to be alcohol-impaired, with a
(BAC) is 0.08 mg/dl or higher.
.
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BAC - blood alcohol concentration in the body, expressed in grams of alcohol per deciliter (mg/dl) of
blood, usually measured with a breath of blood test.
http://www.nhtsa.gov Istaticfiles/DOT INHTSAITraffic%20Injury%20Control/ Articles 1 Associateel%2
o Files 1811 081. pelf
.
DRINKING DRIVER - a driver involved in a traffic fatality who is estimated to have a positive BAC, as
reported by Fatality Analysis Reporting System (F ARS).
.
DRIVER - The term "driver" refers to the operator of any motor vehicle, including a motorcycle
(NHTSA's National Center for Statistics and Analysis, 2007).
.
DWI ORDm - the offense of driving while impaired by alcohol that is a driver with an alcohol level over
the legal limit of 0.8 mg/ dl. The formal offense differs from state to state (Driving While Impaired,
Driving While Intoxicated, and Driving under the Influence).
FATAL CRASH - A traffic collision resulting in one or more deaths within 31 days ofthe collision.
.
.
LEVELS OF TRAUMA HOSPITAL
o LEVEL I - A level I trauma center provides the highest level of surgical care to trauma patients. It
has a full range of specialists and equipment available 24 hours a day and admits a minimum
required annual volume of severely injured patients. A level I trauma center is required to have a
certain number of surgeons and anesthesiologists on duty 24 hours a day at the hospital, an
education program, preventive and outreach programs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trauma center#Level III.
o LEVEL II - A level II trauma center works in collaboration with a Level I center. It provides
comprehensive trauma care and supplements the clinical expertise of a level I institution.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trauma center#Level III.
o LEVEL III - A level III trauma center does not have the full availability of specialists, but does have
resources for emergency resuscitation, surgery, and intensive care of most trauma patients. A
level III center has transfer agreements with level I or level II trauma centers that provide back-up
resources for the care of exceptionally severe injuries.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trauma center#Level III.
MOTOR VEHICLE OCCUPANT DEATH - A death or injury resulting from a motor vehicle crash while riding
or driving a motor vehicle. See http://www.maine.gov 1 dhhs Ibohdcfh finj 1 glossary.html.
.
.
r
TRAFFIC FATALITY OR TRAFFIC DEATHS - Traffic death within 31 days of a traffic collision. Includes death of l_
motor vehicle occupants, or pedestrians or bicyclists.
.
YOUTH (OR YOUNG DRIVER) - a person (or driver) under 21 years of age.
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30 · Appendix A - Definitions
Recommendations to Reduce Motor Vehicle-Related
Fatalities & Injuries in Hawaii County - January 2008
To Submit to Hawaii County Council, Hawaii County Mayor, Hawaii County Legislators and Governor and
Lt. Governor, State of Hawaii
Whereas, between the years 2001 to 2006, Hawaii County had a fatality rate from
motor vehicle crashes which was three times higher than the City and County of Honolulu
and twice the rates of Maui and Kauai Counties; and
Whereas, these numbers do not include fatalities in the National Parks or on
private subdivision roads; and
Whereas, according to a recent State Department of Transportation report, 10 of
the 11 most dangerous intersections or stretches of roadway in the State are located on
Hawaii Island; and
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Whereas, out ofthe 107 intersections examined statewide, the three worst are on
the Pahoa Bypass at Kapoho- Pahoa Road, Kahakai Boulevard and Old Pahoa Road, with a
motorist being able to drive past all three intersections in little more than a mile; and
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Whereas, the Mayor, Hawaii County Police Department, Hawaii County
Prosecutor's Office, Hawaii County Mass Transit Agency, Hawaii County District Health
Office, Hawaii State Department of Health, Hawaii State Department of Transportation,
Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), and the Motor Vehicle Crash Reduction Group
are working to analyze and reduce this disproportionately high death rate in Hawaii
County; and
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Whereas, the Motor Vehicle Crash Reduction Group has been meeting regularly for
the past four years with the mission to support reducing motor vehicle crashes, injuries
and fatalities in Hawaii County.
!"
We recommend that:
,......J.
A. Hawaii County and the State of Hawaii identify Hawaii County Motor Vehicle Related (MVR) fatalities
and injuries as a priority issue requiring leadership, a collaborative approach and additional
resources to assure improvement.
B. Hawaii County and the State of Hawaii collaborate to support improvement of data collection,
assessment, and dissemination to relevant traffic safety partners (Police, Public Works, DOT, EMS,
Dept. of Health - District Office, Dept. of Liquor Control and Mass Transit) to help the safety partners
more effectively allocate resources to reduce traffic deaths and serious injuries in Hawaii County.
1. Hawaii County adopt the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) standards for counting and
disseminating the information on the number of motor vehicle-related fatalities and crashes
quarterly and annually.
2. Hawaii County target reducing impaired driving, because alcohol is the probable cause of
approximately 50% of Motor Vehicle Related fatalities in Hawaii County, and because there is
evidence that interventions to reduce impaired driving are effective in reducing traffic fatalities.
Appendix B - Recommendations to the Mayor · 31
For measuring the effect of the impaired driving interventions, set a goal of a 10% reduction in
the benchmarks below by the end of year 2009.
Benchmark 1 - The two year average annual number of *alcohol-related fatal crashes.
Benchmark 2 - The two year average annual number of *alcohol-related fatalities.
Benchmark 3 - The two -year average percent of *alcohol-related fatal crashes.
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3. The Mayor and County Council support INTER-AGENCY collaboration to obtain timely accurate
crash data and effectively use it to guide allocation of Hawaii County resources for traffic safety.
The goal is to develop a working process, or system, for sharing timely high crash location
information with other agencies; so that problems are identified early, effective interventions are
designed, implemented and evaluated. Obstacles to the process would be identified and solutions
proposed, such as:
o Improving access to timely accurate crash data.
o Improving traffic safety information and integrated safety management systems, which
provide timely accurate information to safety partners.
C. H~waii County implements the following evidence-based interventions:
1. Support full and effective staffing of Hawaii County Police Department and the traffic
enforcement unit. Continue to support ongoing Driving Under the Influence (DUI) training
consistent with National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) guidelines for
police and prosecutors.
2. Continue to fund the Hawaii Traffic Safety Coordinator to support Hawaii County traffic
safety efforts and high visibility enforcement of impaired driving laws.
3. Support effective staffing of the Hawaii County Police Drug Recognition Evaluation (DRE)
Program,
4. Support enforcement of recent traffic safety legislation including: excessive speed, high
blood alcohol content (BAC), and child safety seat laws.
5. Support Community Roads Safety Watch Efforts - Solutions 2000 efforts to report
speeding, impaired and reckless driving to 911 and/or non-emergency reporting line;
currently 935-3311.
6. Review and support - where appropriate and feasible - the strategies found in the Hawaii
Strategic Highway Safety Plan 2007 - 2012.
D. Hawaii County develop an integrated planning and design process for improvement in roads,
Emergency Medical Services and public transportation in Hawaii.
* Alcohol-related traffic crashes are defined by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration to include any and all vehicular (including bicycle and motorcycle) accidents in which any
alcohol has been consumed, or believed to have been consumed, by the driver, a passenger or a
pedestrian associated with the accident (Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States. (2007
September 24). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20:18, January 11, 2008, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w /index.php?titiel=Alcohol-
related traffic crashes in the United States&0Idid=160037348).
DUI-related crashes are crashes in which one ofthe drivers involved in a crash, tests positive for
blood alcohol concentration over the legal limit, (BAC) of 0.08 % or greater.
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32 · Appendix B - Recommendations to the Mayor
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~291E-21 Applicable scope of part; mandatory testing in the event of a collision resulting
in injury or death. ( a) Nothing in this part shall be construed to prevent a law enforcement
officer from obtaining a sample of breath, blood, or urine, from the operator of any vehicle
involved in a collision resulting in injury to or the death of any person, as evidence that the
operator was under the influence of an intoxicant.
(b) If a health care provider who is providing medical care, in a health care facility, to
any person involved in a vehicle collision:
(1) Becomes aware, as a result of any blood or urine test performed in the course of
medical treatment, that:
(A) The alcohol concentration in the person's blood meets or exceeds the amount
specified in section 291E-61(a)(4) or 291E-61.5(a)(2)(D); or
(B) The person's blood or urine contains one or more drugs that are capable of
impairing a person's ability to operate a vehicle in a careful and prudent manner;
and
(2) Has a reasonable belief that the person was the operator of a vehicle involved in
the collision,
the health care provider shall notify, as soon as reasonably possible, any law enforcement officer
present at the health care facility to investigate the collision. If no law enforcement officer is
present, the health care provider shall notify the county police department in the county where
the collision occurred. If the health care provider is aware of any blood or urine test result, as
provided in paragraph (1), but lacks information to form a reasonable belief as to the identity of
the operator involved in a vehicle collision, as provided in paragraph (2), then the health care
provider shall give notice to a law enforcement officer present or to the county police
department, as applicable, for each person involved in a vehicle collision whose alcohol
concentration in the person's blood meets or exceeds the amount specified in section 291E-
61(a)( 4) or 291E-61.5(a)(2)(D) or whose blood or urine contains one or more drugs. The notice
by the health care provider shall consist of the name of the person being treated, the blood
alcohol concentration or drug content disclosed by the test, and the date and time of the
administration of the test. This notice shall be deemed to satisfy the intoxication element
necessary to establish the probable cause requirement set forth in subsection (c).
( c) In the event of a collision resulting in injury or death and if a law enforcement officer
has probable cause to believe that a person involved in the collision has committed a violation of
section 707-702.5,707-703, 707-704, 707-705, 707-706, 291E-61, 291E-61.5, or 291E-64, the
law enforcement officer shall request that a sample of blood or urine be recovered from the
vehicle operator or any other person suspected of committing a violation of section 707-702.5,
707-703,707-704,707-705,707-706, 291E-61, 291E-61.5, or 291E-64. If the person involved in
the collision is not injured or refuses to be treated for any injury, the law enforcement officer
may offer the person a breath test in lieu of a blood or urine test. If the person declines to
perform a breath test, the law enforcement officer shall request a blood or urine sample
pursuant to subsection (d). The act of declining to perform a breath test under this section shall
not be treated as a refusal under chapter 291E and shall not relieve the declining person from
the requirement of providing a blood or urine sample under this section.
Appendix C - Statute Mandating Testing of Drivers' 33
(d) The law enforcement officer shall make the request under subsection (c) to the
hospital or medical facility treating the person from whom the blood or urine is to be recovered.
If the person is not injured or refuses to be treated for any injury, the law enforcement officer
shall make the request of a blood or urine sample under subsection (c) to a person authorized
under section 291E-12; provided that a law enforcement officer may transport that person to
another police facility or a hospital or medical facility that is capable of conducting a breath,
blood, or urine test. Upon the request of the law enforcement officer that blood or urine be
recovered pursuant to this section, and except where the person to perform the withdrawal of a
blood sample or to obtain a urine sample or the responsible attending personnel at the hospital
or medical facility determines in good faith that recovering or attempting to recover blood or
urine from the person presents an imminent threat to the health of the medical personnel or
others, the person authorized under section 291E-12 shall:
(1) Recover the sample in compliance with section 321-161; and
(2) Provide the law enforcement officer with the blood or urine sample requested.
(e) Any person complying with this section shall be exempt from liability pursuant to
section 663-1.9 as a result of compliance.
(f) As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:
"Health care facility" includes any program, institution, place, building, or agency, or
portion thereof, private or public, whether organized for profit or not, that is used, operated, or
designed to provide medical diagnosis, treatment, or rehabilitative or preventive care to any
person. The term includes health care facilities that are commonly referred to as hospitals,
outpatient clinics, organized ambulatory health care facilities, emergency care facilities and
centers, health maintenance organizations, and others providing similarly organized services
regardless of nomenclature.
"Health care provider" means a person who is licensed, certified, or otherwise authorized
or permitted by law to administer health care in the ordinary course of business or practice of a
profession. [L 2000, c 189, pt of ~23; am L 2001, c 157, ~12; am L 2003, c 72, ~1; am L 2004, c 90,
~6]
Case Notes
Decisions under prior law (~286-163).
A mandatory blood test, pursuant to this section, absent an arrest, violates neither the Fourth
Amendment nor article I, ~7 of the Hawaii constitution, so long as the police have probable cause
to believe that the driver has committed one ofthe enumerated offenses and that the driver's
blood contains evidence of intoxication or drug influence, exigent circumstances excuse a
warrant, and the testis performed in a reasonable manner. 98 H. 221,47 P.3d 336.
Section, by its plain language, authorizes the police to obtain a breath, blood, or urine sample
from the driver of any vehicle involved in an accident resulting in an injury to or the death of any
person, including the driver himself or herself, so long as the police have probable cause to
believe that the driver is driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs; also, section applies to
drivers injured or killed in a single-vehicle collision in which no other person is injured. 98 H.
221,47 P.3d 336.
This section operates as an exception to ~286-151, which generally requires the police lawfully
to arrest the driver prior to administering a blood test. 98 H. 221,47 P.3d 336.
34 · Appendix C Statute Mandatinq Testino of Drivers
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Motor Vehicle Crash Reduction Group (MVCRG) Performance Measures
l~
Police County
Public
Works/DOT
Liquor Control I # of alcohol beverage outlets in Hawaii County
Police # of alcohol beverage control agents (ABC) in Hawaii County
# of alcohol outlets per ABC agent
# of "stings" per year
# arrested in "stings" per year
# of sanctions of liquor outlets
#
Increase high visibility enforcement
Track arrests
Police
Increase enforcement of undera e drinkin laws
Increase sobriety checks and media coverage
Police
Police
l__
Reduce the percent of fatal crashes not tested for alcohol
Increase appropriate alcohol & drug testing of crashes
Improve intoxilyzer programs
YES
Increase sobriety
checks and
media
r-
Increase Drug Recognition Evaluation (D RE) Staffing
o F:E trawling
Address police staffing barriers to arrests
[
Address engineering barriers to arrest
Increase effectiveness of Liquor Control
[
[
# of DU I arrests & rate per 100,000 pop. and per 10,000 licensed drivers
# of DUI arrest by Hawaii Island districts
#of DU I arrests er number traffic enforcement officers
Police
# Zero tolerance DU I arrests (<21 years old) per year & per 100,000 pop.
# of sobriety checks per year
% of sobriety checks with media coverage
# and % of fatal crashes tested for alcohol
# and % of fatal crashes tested for drugs
# and % of injury crashes tested for alcohol
# and % of injury crashes tested for drugs
# of legal blood draws per year
# of legal drug draws per year
# of intoxilyzer trainings per year
Police
Police
# of olice officers trained to use intoxilzer er' ear
# of current officers with DRE training as of December
# of DRE trainings held per year
# of police officers who received DRE training per year.
# of traffic enforcement officers as of December
# of unfilled positions for traffic enforcement as of December
# of unfilled police positions as of December
# of new pull out spots identified, planned and implem.ented.
Police
Police
Prosecutors # DUI cases prosecuted per year
Office % of DUl arrests which are prosecuted per year
# and % of DU I dismissals per year
# of DU I dismissal because Gnat served" per year
# DUI convictions I arrest (conviction rate) per year
# of court monitors per year
Court Monitoring # of court cases monitored per year
# of recommendations im lemented er ear
Current average DUI processing time from arres!: to disposition of case.
# and % meetin 90 da oal
ADLRO? # of police trainings for ADLRO peryear
Prosecutors? % rescissions er ear
# of judges trained in DUI per year
Prosecutors? # of per diem judges trained in DU I per year
# of prosecutors trained per year
# of olice officers trained er ear
Increase efficiency of judiciary system
[
Use court monitoring to understand issues
[
Reduce processing time for DU I arrests
['
Improve Administration Revocation of Licensing. (ADLRO)
Increase professional training in handling impaired drivers
[
PROVIDE INTENSE SUPERVISION OF REPEAT OFFENDERS:
1) Drug court, 2) Traffic safety resource prosecutor
Improve how courts track and handle cases-provide monitoring of
re eat offenders & limiting use of reconviction diversion for repeat
offenders
Court MonRorin
[
Develop & encourage altemate sancti ons for reo eat offenders
impoundment, ianition interlock, reporting centers, intensive
prohibition supervision, home detention
Deferred
OOHIADAO?? # and % of DU I courts with Resource list of alcohol treatment programs
MADD
[-
Improve links with alcohol treatment programs. Address $ barriers
to obtaining assessments and accessing rehab
[New law may be to required for probalion]
MADD
[Separate repeat offender tracking, # and % of reconviction diversion for repeat
off enders]
[New laws may be required]
[
Improve vehicle safety inspection
Improve Commercial Truck inspection
[
?
?
HOOT?
# of motor vehicle safety officers(MVSO) in Hawaii County
# and % of (MVSO) positions filled in Hawai County
# of commercial vehicles inspected per year
# and % which do nol pass inspection per year
Appendix D - Performance Measures. 35
" ~~' " ' . '" . -'.:' "l"' ~ ' , " ''"1 'I . II > '" I"'" " '
'I": D r,"<';."~t<Jt-~'\l',1,~~~~ ~6":-~, ~"'';A,~,) .. '~'Q..;4 . fiI.~"tJ,_j:O:.)~ l'~~A\&.".~",~f...,r; ~~ ~~".:.,~g,~'(~"'$~'p. ~ ~?,:;".:X~
'i '1::" r'{l!lI ,;J, i lo " ,,' 10 "'\ '> $ ~. ~ '; , '" ~,;p- ~ 110, , :>., .. _ , ,.,''''' ~ v~"
't ~,:',j'<:~~.",~f<.Ji'&",W ..:" ,,;1\,_,..' A, '; .~',; ~"l "",:, ,".If{,', ,,<"1r''''~' ><II '~~." ~ ~'~~.,i(: ,. .'Q'l'" t~,., "':, ".,'
S:-':;i"",,-1,"l.!!\~'" <Y:,!,:,..,Wk~.~. n .~' _ . ..)l,~' <ik~ ,,, '" t~~... .,~.,.,>:g!'-~ll' ~'1:'~'W:N'_"" ~Jt ';'~",".~',,~ 't"".
Motor Vehicle Crash Reduction Group (MVCRG) Performance Measures
[
Increase efficiency oflesllnQ for OUI
Police
# of legal blood draws per year fOf alcohol
# of legal blood draws per year for drugs
# of MVC Iransferslmonlh andfyear by ~ ambulance
# of MVC transfers/month andlyear by ~ambulance
#falalijies while waiting forlrander or whil~ enrout~
Average transpor1 time for each acute care faci!ilyforMVC airtranspor1alion
er ear
[
Assess role of delays in EMS transport in excess mortality from
MVC
Gathering and
data
assessment
DOHIEMS
ACEP?
# % of ER's usin alcohol & dru sa-eenin and brief intervention toot
# and % of MD offices~screening tools
# and % of MD offices usin screenin tools
[
Increase Emergency Room use of alcohol screening & brief
inlervention
Professional medical education for ER & primary care on alcohol
screenin & brief interventions
11
[
,"r,;'511';":
OOT/PoliceJ evaluation
County Planning # and % of frequent alcohol-related crash sites, which have had analysis, plan,
im lerrontation and evaluation
r,: '" r'.' ",1',\... ':-,' :'~E", oj (,C_ "J {,! :.~..:.1 '.<n_~! \' ;:1:: '"~ In! "'oj,"! ~ ,; [,I :;l1"ln '::
OOT/Counlyl # of siles wilh engineering improvements including sig nage per year
Police
[
Public input on DOT priorities based on safety cnteria. OOThas a
high priority on safety for public input.
YES
DOlI Process to determine traffic intervention incJudes high priority on safety
Commun"
DOT
[
YES
OOT? I Police? # of PSA, i.e. radio, newspaper, digital signs per year
School education; elementary. middle. high. college
YES
YES
# 8: % of schools with MACO chapters
[
77
LiquorComm
IDOH
IADAO/Oriver
Education!
MADD
# & % of schools with drink, drive and bse presenlation
#& % schools with TooSman to Sart curriculum
::,':,I)it,ilrdir':;1in1t'Jd-.:t,c-'"<
l
YES?
# & % of bars & restauranls with Designated Driver programs corrpared to
2004, # with Sale Rides
# or taxi's participating in Sale Rides Program
[
Increase designated driver programs in restauranis and bars, lin!s.
'"
Increase &Ire Rides Program
YES
/Hotel &
Restaurant
Assoc.lt\rlass
Transit I
NHOFC'? I
Solutions?
Liquor
Comrrission
PolicelLiquor
COITm.
#1% of Osling visils' revealing selling to underage youth
# of calls fodree ride I taxi service
Identifying problem drinking spots- Parks & Ree, and party spots
Identify problem drinlong spots. Induding bars, stores, semng to
teens
YES
~UJ,:;,(::r: ':"ni,;'~r.j .",w,r:in,,: & tr,Ef]l!\l "I r",,~\:!,:,~, dr:o'Ir]'J
YES
YES
"
Soluli0ns 2(1\)1)
Thr,;,.;-.,hglt numt,~rl ,rep(irt r.;-cJ.:l"ssonving
[
Police
#idenlified
'"i"'~..aii ;::OW",tv 1\IlACD Ct'Ldpi<;1 .~e'J",I')pmimt
#MADDYouth Chapters
[
~
OOT (?) Who will lead this for Hawaii County?
Counl S3felv P3rtners
Tr~'~~: ;,nn";;l' '" c,i i-:.:,':.~ii '_ : ~...I\:(: 1~I::.H,,,""~, (;ril~I).,.~ ::; ir'l'~:i",:; ,:;
, "'...ClI" -".kc,twl-I ~I.~I ~d 1:,t~,1 ":, F.I, 'f"" 'l~i'A' .,( ;" dldl -:_Td~h-,c
h;;i",ri;,:'.'p
i'n~.lcnl"'rl~t.,
,j.;-mlil,:~jl';'~t.:.1 1"",,1 ::r":'1~
'7
oor(1)
Traffic Records Coordinatin COITmillee
Who will lead?
[
Track:
Performance
Measures?
DOH
GIS crash ma be inninQ 2005
[
'r"..,,",'Jigal<; _~':<l"Jd"lii.:fJCl:ln.;-r:;
Tabled
NHTSA Impaired Driving Records Information Syslem
DOT
# of grants for traffic Safety from Hawaii County per year
l
The amount of $$$ received in ranis for traffic safet er ear
Count has Ihe ca acit to receive tar eled donations confirmed
l
l
36
· Appendix 0 - Performance Measures
l
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) 2008 Core Performance
Measures mandated to begin in 2010
Data sources for each measure are given in parentheses.
[
[
[
[
Core outcome measures - States will set goals and report progress
Gl C-l) Number oftraffic fatalities (F ARS) States are encouraged to report 3-year or 5-
year moving averages as appropriate (when annual counts are sufficiently small that
random fluctuations may obscure trends). This comment applies to all fatality
measures.
o C-2) Number of serious injuries in traffic crashes (State crash data files)
o C-3) FatalitiesjVMT (FARS, FHWA) States should set a goal for total fatalitiesjVMT;
States should report both rural and urban fatalitiesjVMT as well as total
fatalitiesjVMT.
III C-4) Number of unrestrained passenger vehicle occupant fatalities, all seat positions
(F ARS)
III C-5) Number of fatalities in crashes involving a driver or motorcycle operator with
a BAC of .08 and above (F ARS)
. C-6) Number of speeding-related fatalities (F ARS)
III C-7) Number of motorcyclist fatalities (FARS)
. C-8) Number of unhelmeted motorcyclist fatalities (F ARS)
e C-9) Number of drivers age 20 or younger involved in fatal crashes (FARS)
III C-l0) Number of pedestrian fatalities (F ARS)
Core behavior measure - States will set goals and report progre.ss
o B-1) Observed seat belt use for passenger vehicles, front seat outboard occupants
(survey)
Activity measures - States will report progress
r-~
l~.
. A-i) Number of seat belt citations issued during grant-funded enforcement
activities (grant activity reporting)
. A-2) Number of impaired driving arrests made during grant-funded enforcement
activities (grant activity reporting)
. A-3) Number of speeding citations issued during grant-funded enforcement
activities (grant activity reporting)
Source: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Traffic Safety Performance
Measures for States and Federal Agencies, August 2008.
Appendix E - NHTSA Core Peliormance Measures. 37
New Traffic Safety Policy Supported By MVCRG and
Signed Into Law
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2006
· Act 72 Graduated Licensing
I
L
· Act 175 requires child safety seat or booster seat usage for children over four years, but less than
eight years old. See www.6.hawaiLgov/dot/publicaffairs/safecommunities/boosterseat.htm.
· Act 201 increases sanctions for driving with a high blood alcohol level.
· Act 129 establishes the offense of excessive speeding and increases the penalty for this violation.
· Act 63 mandates safety helmet use for moped drivers under the age of 18 years.
· Act 202 prohibits the consumption of liquor by minors.
· Act 203 requires judges to suspend for 180 days the driver's licenses of licensed drivers under the age
of 21 when the drivers have been convicted of illegal possession of liquor. L
· Act 64 Streamlining process for DOl arrest.
[
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2007
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L
2008
· Act 171 Ignition Interlock
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2009
· Act 88 Ignition Interlock improvements.
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38 · Appendix F - Traffic Safety Policy
I-
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[:
[
[
[
r.
Figure
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
Figure 18
Figure 19
Figure 20
Figure 21
Figure 22
Figure 23
Figure 24
Figure 25
Figure 26
Figure 27
Figure 28
Figure 29
Figure 30
Figure 31
Figure 32
Figure 33
Figure 34
Figure 35
Figure 36
Figure 37
Figure 38
Figure 39
Figure 40
1- -
Lo
Name
Rate of Traffic-related Fatalities (2001- 2008)
Number of Traffic-related Fatalities (2000 - 2008)
Haddon Matrix
Average Proportion of Alcohol-Related Traffic Fatalities (2002-2007)
Proportion of Fatal Crashes that were Alcohol-Related (2001-2008)
Big Island Fatality Map (2000 -2007)
Total Cross Centerline Fatal Traffic Crashes (2004- 2008)
Posted Speed Limit of Fatal Crashes (2001-2005)
Big Island Fatality Map (1996 -2004)
Fatality Rate for Motorists at the Scene and/or Hospital
Hawaii Island Acute Care and EMS Facilities
Plan, Do, Act, Study Cycle
Categories of Driving Associated with Alcohol
Hawaii County Number of DUI arrests (2003-2008)
Hawaii County Rate ofDUI arrests per 100,000 population(2003-2007)
Hawaii County Rate ofDUI arrests per Traffic Enforcement Officer (2002-2007)
Hawaii County Total DUI Arrests by Districts (2006-2008)
Hawaii County Total DUI Arrests under 21 years of age (2003-2008)
Hawaii County Sobriety Checks (FY 2004-FY2007)
Hawaii County Going Out Tonight
Hawaii County Home for the Holidays
Hawaii County Proportion DUI Arrests Involved in a Traffic Collision (2003-2008)
Hawaii County Number of Drivers not Tested in Fatal Traffic Crashes (2002-2006)
Hawaii County lntoxilyer Trainings
Hawaii County Preliminary District Court DUI Conviction Rates (2003-2006)
Hawaii County ADLRO Rescissions
Hawaii County Court Monitoring
Hawaii County Professional Trainings
Hawaii County Number of Ground Motor Vehicle Crash Transportations
Hawaii County EMS Total Time for Motor Vehicle Crashes by County (2007-2008)
Hawaii County Number of Trauma Transportations
Trauma Process - Hawaii County compared to City & County of Honolulu
Hawaii County Reports of Aggressive Driving
Hawaii County Two Year Average Number of Alcohol-Related Fatal Crashes (2001-2008)
Hawaii County Annual Number of Fatal Crashes (2001- 2008)
Hawaii County Two Year Average Number of Alcohol-Related Fatalities (2001- 2008)
Number of Traffic-Related Fatalities
Hawaii County Two Year Percent of Fatal Crashes that were Alcohol-Related (2001-2008)
Hawaii County Total Major Collisions (2001 -2008)
Next Steps to Implementing State Highway Strategic Plan Priorities in Hawaii County
Page
1
1
3
4
4
5
6
6
7
8
9
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
14
14
14
15
15
16
17
17
17
18
19
19
19
20
22
23
23
24
24
25
26
27
Appendix G - List of Figures. 39
I/l Center of Disease Control - State Specific Driver Licensing Information -
www.cdc.govjncipclduip/grswjstatemaps/statespecificsites.htm
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HAWAII COUNTY
tl) Community Road Safety Watch - reporting Reckless Driving
o Hawaii County Police - www.hawaiipolice.com
lit North Hawaii Outcomes Project - www.nhoD.org
G North Hawaii Outcomes Project - Drive Safely Card
hUp: j jwww /nhopm:g/2008Final/ documents /MVC- DriveSafelyCardUpdated04.09. pdf
STATE
I/l Hawaii Strategic Highway Safety Plan 2007-2012-
http://hawaiLgov / dot/highways / shsp-l
NATIONAL
o AASHTO / NHRP - Strategic Highway Safety Plan Implementation Guides -
www.safetytransportaion. 0 rg / gui d e s.aspx
Ii Community RoadS(lf~tyWatch - reporting Reckless Driving -
wwvv.nhop.orgI2 008Final / documents / CommunityRoadSafey-Watch 000. pdf
e Counter Measures That Work
h Up: /lwww.ghsa.org/html / pub licati ons / index.html
· Magnitude and Prevention of College Age and Underage Drinking Problems -
hUp: / /www.ghsa.orglhtmljmeetings/annual/2008 /presentations j14.Hingson. pelf
,-
I
<<>> Screening and Brief Intervention Resources - hup: / ! sbirt.samhsa.gov /
· Too Smart to Start Curriculum, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services-
WWW.to osmarttostart. samhsa.go v
It Turning Knowledge into Action -
www.ghsa.org/htmljmeetings/annual /2008/ presenta tions.html
L
L
r
i
L.
40 · Appendix H - Resources
c-
I
t.
Big Isle DUI deaths rise
Hawaii County rate leads the state
~ WRl~l-aO'!
1,..>>~>I,r.:}Ij>td!..,t.,.
I
wP-lnN:li!i:S..!>il,"
Drunk driving lawS' are ~pugl1ened
Appendix I - Media Coverage. 41
Name
Organization
Department of Health, Injury Prevention & Control Program
Solutions 2000 Hawaii
Department of Health - Injury Prevention & Control Program
Hawaii County - Mass Transportation Agency
Peoples Advocacy for Trails Hawaii (PATH)
State Farm Insurance
Department of Health - Injury Prevention & Control Program
Hawaii Community College Court Monitoring Project
Department of Transportation
Former ER Physician, Former County Council
Hawaii County - Prosecutor's Office
North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Hawaii County - Police Department
Hawaii Community College Court Monitoring Project
Hawaii State Department of Health
Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD Hawaii)
Hawaii State Department of Health
Hawaii Community College Court Monitoring Project
Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD Hawaii)
Kona Hospital Surgeon
Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD Hawaii)
Department of Transportation
Hawaii County - Prosecutor's Office
Hawaii County - Police Department
W.M. Keck Observatory
North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Hawaii State - Department of Transportation
Department of Health - Injury Prevention & Control Program
North Hawaii Outcomes Project
Hawaii Fire Department, Bureau of Emergency Medical Services
Retired - Hawaii State Department of Health
Hawaii Community College Court Monitoring Project
Argue, Robin
Beaufrere, Lil
Benes, Kari
Brown, Tom
Direnfield, Laura
Fujioka, Carolyn
Galanis, Ph.D. Dan
Hafford, Valerie
Hiraoka, Sean
Holschuh, M.D. Fred
Iboshi, Charlene
Ka'ae, Lehua
Kaaumoana-Matsumoto, Sgt Kelly
Kalei, Donnalyn
Kaizuka, John
Koehl, Arkie
Kuwada-Phipps, Carrie
Madrid, Donna
Marx, Leah
McDowell, M.D. Richard
McNamee, Carol
Nagano, Lee
Roth, Mitch
Sanborn, Captain James
Shimko, Steve
Stevens, Makani
Tamura, Stan
Tash, Eric
Vitousek M.D., Sharon
Yawata, Ralph
Yokoyama, Jan
Yoshioka, Avis
42 · .Appendix J - MVCRG Members
[
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Many individuals and organizations contributed to this work and report. t;<f~~";:': ......,':
The authors wish to express special appreciation to:' :'/"
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OUR FUNDERS:
.
The Earl and Doris Bakken Foundation
Hawaii State Department of Transportation - Safe Communities
.
OUR PARTNERS:
HAWAII STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND INJURY AND
PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROGRAM
. Dan Galanis, Ph.D.
. Eric Tash
. Jan Yokoyama - retired
HAWAII COUNTY POLICE DEPARTMENT
. Captain Randy Apele
. Dexter Veriato - retired
. Sergeant Kelly Kaaumoana-Matsumoto
. Captain James Sanborn
. Jackie Murai - retired
HAWAII COUNTY PROSCECUTORS OFFICE
. Charlene lboshi
. Mitch Roth
HAWAII FIRE DEPARTMENT, BUREAU OF EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES
. Ralph Yawata
EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES:
. Peggy Sale
. Sally Jones - Queen's Medical Center
HAWAII STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTAION
. Gordon Hong - retired
. Lee Nagano
. Sean Hiraoka
. Scott Haneberg
HAWAII MADD
. Carol McNamee
. Arkie Koehl
. Leah Marx
:
,
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,
';
";
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.
HAWAII COMMUNITY COLLEGE - COURT MONITORING PROJECT
. Avis Yoshioka
. Donnalyn Kalei
. Valerie Hafford
. Donna Madrid
TRAFFIC DATA
. Andrew G. Ten Have, M.D., M.P.H.
\
.
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W.M. KECK OBSERVATORY FOR IN-KIND DONATION OF MEETING SPACE
. Steve Shimko. Mahalo for your in-depth editorial review and comments.
Disclaimer: The data presented was accurate at press time to the best of our
knowledge. Please contact us if you believe there are any inaccuracies.
.<,.'
::
Please send your
suggestions and
recommendations to:
'.:;
.
Mail: 65-1241
Pomaikai Place #7
Kamuela, HI 96743
.
Or by email to:
inJo<cDnhop,org
/
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North Hawaii Outcomes Project 1 65-1241 Pomaikai Place #71 Kamuela, Hawaii 96743
Phone: 808.885.19451 Fax: 808.887.14741 Website: www.nhop.org
..