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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0798.000 2008-2010William P. Kenai Mayor April 21, 2010 County of Hawairi 25 Aupuni Street • Hilo, Hawaii 967204252 • (808) 961-8211 • Fax (808) 961-6553 KONA: 75-5706 Kuakini Highway, Suite 103 • Kailua-Kona, Hawai'i 96740 (808) 329-5226 • Fax (808) 326-5663 William T. Takaba Managing Director Wally Lau Deputy Managing Director Honorable J Yoshimoto, Chairman o and Members of the County Council, County ofHawai`inj 25 Aupuni Street r o IM Hilo, HI 96720 Dear Chairman Yoshimoto and Members: ' rn -p _+ Change of Zone Application (REZ 09-000115) Applicant: Don C. Watson and Donna D. Watson Request: RS -15 to RS -10 Tax Map Key: 2-4-21:31 Change of Zone Application (REZ 10-000117) Request: Project District (University Terrace) to Project District (Wailani) Repeal of Change of Zone Ordinance No. 04 144 Applicant: Wailani Development, LLC Tax Map Key' 2-3-4419. 2-3-49.53; 2-3-37.01 As required by Chapter 4, Sec. 6-4.3(C), Hawaii County Charter, transmitted herewith for the County Council's consideration and action are the Windward Planning Commission's letters and enclosures regarding the above -referenced requests. Sincerely, 1 1 lam P. K not Mayor Enclosures cc: Planning Department �IIS 2y zy3 % Comm, No, � Ref. To: Ref, [)afe _APR ZUZ— County of Hawaii is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer. County of Hawaii WINDWARD PLANNING COMMISSION Aupuni Center • 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 • Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Phone(808)961-8288 • Fax(808)961-8742 April 21, 2010. 0 ©C_) The Honorable J Yoshimoto, Chairman " rr", and Members of the County Council County of Hawaii 25 Aupuni Street r f Hilo, HI 96720 N Dear Chairman Yoshimoto and Council Members: Change of Zone Application (R -EZ 10-000117) Request: Project District (University Terrace) to Project District (Wailani) Repeal of Change of Zone Ordinance No. 04 144 Applicant: Wailani Development, LLC Tax Map Key' 2-3-44:19; 2-349:53; 2-3-37:01 The Windward Planning Commission, after a duly held public hearing on April 1, 2010, voted to recommend for your approval the proposed legislative bills for (1) a Change of Zone from a Project District referred to as University Terrace to a Project District referred to as Wailani for approximately 171.5 acres of land and; (2) the repeal of Change of Zone Ordinance No. 04 144, which approved Project District (University Terrace), subject to the adoption of the Change of Zone for Project District (Wailani). The property is located along the mauka side of Komohana Street and bordered by Mohouli Street extension to the southwest, Ponahawai, South Hilo, Hawai `i. The Commission concurs with the following Planning Director's reasons for recommending favorable consideration of the Change of Zone: The applicant requests a Change of Zone from Project District (University Terrace) to Project District (Wailani) for approximately 171.504 acres of land. The project, referred to as "Wailani", proposes a mixed-use community to include a 180,000 sq ft medical office campus, 200,000 sq ft of commercial space, a 100,000 sq ft business park, up to 333 senior housing units, up to 90 multiple -family residential units, up to 95 single-family residential lots, approximately 6.9 acres of active recreational open space, Hawaii County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer The Honorable J Yoshimoto, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 2 approximately 19 acres of passive open space including walking and bicycling paths and the Pu`u Honu cinder cone, and supporting infrastructure. The development would be constructed in three phases over a 15 year period. To serve the development the applicant proposes to develop an extension of Ponahawai Street from its intersection with Komohana Street through the project site to the Mohouli Street Extension, two loop roads to serve the senior housing and medical office campus, and a cul-de-sac from the Mohouli Street Extension to serve the multiple -family residential and large lot single-family residential uses south of the Alenaio Stream drainage channel. The applicant also requests to repeal Ordinance No. 04 144 which approved the Project District (University Terrace) subject to adoption of a change of zone ordinance for the Project District referred to as Wailani. The Project District (PD) is intended to provide for a flexible and creative planning approach rather than specific land use designations. It will also allow for flexibility over time in the location of specific uses and mixes of structural alternatives. The planning approach would establish continuity in land uses and designs while providing for a comprehensive network of infrastructure facilities and systems. A variety of uses as well as open space, parks, and other project uses are intended to be in accord with each individual Project District objective. A Project District is an amendment to Chapter 25, Zoning Code, which changes the district boundaries in accordance with the individual Project District. A Project District may be established whenever the public necessity and convenience and the general welfare require that a comprehensive planning approach for an area should be adopted. In addition, a Project District may only be established if the proposed district: (1) Is consistent with the intent and purpose of the Chapter 25 (Zoning Code), Hawaii County Code and the County General Plan; and (2) Will not result in a substantial adverse impact upon the surrounding area, community or region. The Change of Zone request from Project District (University Terrace) to Project District (Wailani) is consistent with the intent and purpose of the General Plan and the Zoning Code. The General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map designation for the subject properties is Medium Density Urban. The Medium Density Urban The Honorable J Yoshimoto, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 3 designation allows for village and neighborhood commercial, single-family and multiple - family residential uses (up to 35 units per acre) and related functions. The purpose of the requested change of zone to a Project District is to provide a mix of land uses ranging from single-family and multiple -family residential units, a medical office campus, a commercial center, a business park, and open space and recreational areas. Some of the land uses the applicant originally proposed for the business park, such as warehousing, manufacturing, and light -industrial, are not consistent with the General Plan LUPAG designation. These uses would be more appropriate in areas designated High Density Urban and Industrial in the General Plan. In Hilo, the High Density Urban and Industrial designated areas are located near the airport, along Kanoelehua Avenue, and near the town core makai ofKapi`olani Street between the Wailuku River and Kawili Street. A condition of approval will limit the permitted uses in the Project District to only those that are consistent with the Medium Density Urban designation of the LUPAG Map. According to the applicant, the development will include a mix of uses, including residential uses of varying densities and structure types and medical and commercial areas in proximity to the residents. Design concepts intended to promote a more livable and pedestrian friendly community will also be incorporated into the development. One of the primary components of the proposed development is a medical office campus to address the primary health care needs of the area's residents. In the Public Facilities Element of the General Plan, primary healthcare is defined as non -bed related diagnosis, treatment and prevention services and includes general medical care in a doctor's office or outpatient clinic, emergency medical care, diagnostic radiology and clinical laboratory services, and continuing care of the chronically ill and those requiring rehabilitation. The plan recognizes that as the number of elderly increases, there will be a greater need for assisted living, skilled nursing, and intermediate care facilities. The proposed development supports this element as it will provide new medical facilities for primary healthcare in close proximity to the Hilo Medical Center and adjacent medical facilities. This proposed development is consistent with the Economic Element of the General Plan in that the proposed development will provide additional and expanded employment opportunities for the residents of the area as well as the entire island. The employment opportunities from the proposed development as a result of this zoning request will generate both short-term (construction) and long-term (operational) employment. The proposed project would provide opportunities to increase the activity of secondary industries, thereby increasing job opportunities for the island's residents. Further, the magnitude of this project will directly benefit the residents of this County as The Honorable J Yoshimoto, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 4 the real property tax base will substantially increase. It will provide residents with opportunities to improve their quality of life. The Land Use element of the General Plan also states that urban -type uses shall be developed in areas adequately served by essential services and other infrastructure. These services and infrastructure are vitally important to areas being developed for urban uses. Essential services and infrastructure, which include electricity, sewer, water, and roads, are or can be made available to the site. From the comments received from agencies, various improvements would be required for the development of this project. Therefore, conditions will be included to assure that these services and infrastructure are provided in a timely manner to accommodate the uses proposed in this Project District. With the requirement that the applicant provide these essential services and infrastructure, the granting of this change of zone would not unreasonably burden the public agencies to provide roads and streets, sewer, water, drainage improvements and police and fire protection to accommodate the development of this project. The Zoning Code is one of the tools used to implement the General Plan and is one of the County's primary land use control mechanisms. The Zoning Code sets out the various types of uses allowed by providing for certain zoning districts. In this particular case, the applicant proposes to establish a Project District to provide flexibility in the location of land uses without identifying where these uses would be specifically located on the property at this early stage of development. A minimum of 50 acres is required to establish a Project District. The request meets this criterion as the subject properties are approximately 172 acres in size. The Zoning Code also allows any uses permitted either directly or conditionally in the RS, RD, RM, RCX, CN, CG, CV, or V zoning districts to be permitted in a Project District. With the exception of some of the warehousing and light -industrial uses that the applicant is proposing for the business park, all other proposed uses are consistent with the uses permitted in a Project District. For example, the proposed single-family, multiple -family residential and senior housing uses are considered permitted uses in the RS, and RM districts. Additionally, old age, convalescent, nursing, rest homes and other similar uses are permitted in the CV district. The CV district also allows medical and research laboratories as a permitted use. Medical clinics, offices, restaurants, and other commercial retail uses are permitted in the CN and CV districts. A condition of approval has been included to limit any uses within the Project District to only those uses permitted within the RS, RM; CN and CV districts. Land uses permitted in the RD, RCX, CG and V districts would not be allowed in this Project District. The applicant did not propose uses found in the RD, RCX or V district and land uses permitted in the CG district would not be consistent with the General Plan LUPAG designation and are not appropriate for this location in Hilo. According to the The Honorable J Yoshimoto, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 5 Zoning Code, the purpose of the CG district is to provide for commercial uses ands services on a broad basis to serve as the central shopping or principal downtown area for a city of region. Additionally, no CG district shall be established until there is a demonstrated need for such action and no two CG districts shall be established in such relationship to each other that they cannot act as one center and yet are too close together to serve two distinct regions. Various conditions of approval have been added to ensure the development complies with other sections of the Zoning Code related to landscaping, off-street parking and loading, building density, minimum yards and setbacks and building height limits. By limiting the Project District to those land uses permitted only in the RS, RM, CN and CV districts, the request is consistent with the General Plan and Zoning Code. The request for a Project District will not result in a substantial adverse impact upon the surrounding area, community or region. The property is located within well-established residential areas that are zoned for single-family residential use. In close proximity to the property are lands zoned and/or developed for commercial uses, such as the medical facilities located immediately makai of Komohana Street. The applicant's objective is to develop a mixed-use project while still protecting the important cultural and environmental resources of the area. The applicant has recognized the benefits of planning and designing a project in a manner that is sensitive to the natural features and unique heritage of the land. The overall design theme provides generous open space with active and passive type recreational uses. This open space area will consist of approximately 26 acres that will include the Alenaio Stream drainageway. The project proposal is to improve the banks of the drainageway for use as a linear park with the provision of bicycle and pedestrian pathways. The development would have the potential to adversely affect surrounding properties which are mostly residential in character, if mitigation measures were not required. However, several conditions of approval will mitigate adverse impacts of the project related to noise, air quality (dust) and drainage. For example, since this particular area has experienced major flooding in the past the Planning Department believes it is reasonable and prudent to prevent the construction of residential structures and other substantial buildings within the floodways (FIRM Flood Zones "A" and "AE"). Additionally, the applicant will prepare a drainage study and construct necessary improvements in order to contain all development -generated runoff on-site. The applicant is required to comply with various State Department of Health standards by controlling dust during construction and reducing the effect of construction equipment The Honorable I Yoshimoto, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 6 noise. Additionally, the Planning Department's landscaping requirements will further minimize the effect of lighting, noise, odors and dust by providing buffers along the project site perimeter, as required. The Project District will be provided with all essential utilities and services. The applicant is required to enter into a Water Development Agreement with the County Water Board in order to provide water to the site for the proposed development. The agreement will identify source, transmission, storage and booster pump facilities that the applicant may be required to construct. Similarly, the applicant is required to provide a sewer study and any facilities required by the Department of Environmental Management to connect the development to the County sewer system. Electrical and telephone services can be made available to the project site. Many public services, such as parks, schools, police and fire are available and adequate to serve the project site. The primary access will be from the planned Ponahawai Street extension. Therefore, it should be pointed out that the basis for supporting this request is that approval of this Project District would facilitate the completion of the Ponahawai Street extension; thus, improving the negative traffic implications if the project were granted without the condition to construct the roadway in its entirety. A condition of approval is included that would require the Ponahawai Street extension to be constructed from Komohana Street to Mohouli Street within 10 years of the effective date of the ordinance approving the request. In addition to constructing the Ponahawai Street extension, a condition of approval will require the applicant provide further traffic impact analysis reports and construct any improvements required by the Department of Public Works as the project is developed. In addition to construction of the Ponahawai Street extension, this will provide further traffic mitigation for the project's impacts on the surrounding area, community and region. The applicant is proposing to connect to the existing streets to the north of the site for emergency vehicle access only. These narrow streets dead-end at the project site and are located within established single-family residential neighborhoods. According to the applicant, these residents have expressed concern with opening these streets to through traffic for non -emergency vehicle access. Therefore, a condition of approval will require that these streets be used for only emergency -vehicle access. In addition, the Planning Department will review an overall master plan and site plans for each phase of development to ensure the following: The Honorable J Yoshimoto, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 7 • Adequate light and air, proper siting and arrangements of all structures and improvements area provided; • Existing and prospective traffic movements will not be hindered; • Proper landscaping is provided that is commensurate with the development or use and its surroundings; • Unsightly area are properly screened or eliminated; • Adequate off-street parking is provided to serve the development or use; • Access to the parking areas will not cerate potential accident hazards; and • Within reasonable limits, any natural and man-made features of community value are preserved. As stated above, potential impacts associated with this project development, such as traffic, drainage and other design concerns, will be mitigated through conditions of approval. Therefore, the request would not unreasonably burden the public agencies to provide roads and streets, sewer, water, drainage, school improvements, police and fire protection, and other essential services. The proposed Project District zone change would allow for uses that complement the surrounding residential and commercial uses of this section of the City of Hilo. In view of the Hawaii State Supreme Court's "PASH" and "Ka Pa'akai O Ka'Aina" decisions, the issue relative to native Hawaiian gathering and fishing rights must be addressed in terms of the cultural, historical, and natural resources and the associated traditional and customary practices of the site: Investigation of valued resources: The applicant presented the following information from which the Planning Commission and County Council can determine the valued cultural, historical, and natural resources within the area sought for rezoning: • Archaeological Inventory Survey, TMK: 2-3-49:53 and 2-3-37:01, Haun & Associates, January 2010. • Archaeological Inventory Survey Komohana Golf Course, Lands of Ponahawai and Punahoa 1-2, South Hilo District, Island of Hawaii, by Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. (1991) • Letter Report of Archaeological Field Inspection for TMK: 2-3-37:01 by Haun & Associates, December 12, 2002 The Honorable J Yoshimoto, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 8 • He Wahi Moolelo no Ponahawai a me Punahoa ma Hilo, A Collection of Traditions and Historical Accounts for Ponahawai and Punahoa, District of Hilo, Island of Hawai `i by Kumu Pono Associates, May 2003 • Botanical Survey and Preliminary Investigation of Potential Wetlands at Ponahawai; TMK: 2-3-44:19 and 53, Geometrician Associates, LLC. 2003 • A Survey of Avian and Terrestrial Mammalian Species of the Ponahawai Mixed Use Planned Community Site, South Hilo District, Hawaii, Rana Productions Ltd. June 2003. The valuable cultural, historical, and natural resources found in the rezoning area: The archaeological survey conducted by Paul H. Rosendahl, PhD. in 1991 revealed two sites; Site 14946 and Site 14947. SIHP Site 14946 was assessed as significant solely for information content and required no further work or preservation. SIIIP Site 14947 is a ditch system (`auwai) with one primary channel that remains partially intact. The primary channel is the Hilo Boarding School and Old Mission Ditch. The ditch is early historic and probably also prehistoric. The site was assessed as significant for information value, as an excellent example of a site type and culturally valuable. The report recommended further data collection followed by preservation with some level of interpretative development of a representative sample of the site. The report states that further data collection should more accurately characterize feature dimensions, construction techniques, and possible associated artifacts and features. Additionally, in a letter dated February 23, 2010, the Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) expressed concern that the 1991 survey for TMK 2-3-44:19 did not adequately survey and document the entire property and contains insufficient information regarding the condition and disposition of SIHP Site 14947. The DLNR also requested additional information regarding the status of Pu`u Honu as a traditional cultural property and further review of the size and intended uses of the proposed open space area at the pu`u. An approved mitigation plan for SIHP Site 14947, and approved preservation plan for this site, Pu`u Honu and any other identified sites are recommended by the DLNR prior to earthmoving activities on TMK 2-3-44:19. The recommendations by DLNR-SHPD will be incorporated as conditions of the Project District. No archeological sites or features were found on TMK 2-3-49:53. Two historic site complexes (SIHP 24022 and 24023) with 23 features associated with historic era sugar cane farming were identified on TMK 2-3-37:01. The survey recommended no further work or preservation for these sites. The Honorable J Yoshimoto, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 9 A cultural historical study was done by Kumu Pono Associates in May 2003. There is an existing hill on the lower portion of the property referred to as Pu`u Honu. Since this prominent feature is part of the Hala`i Hill Complex, the development of the project shall avoid the destruction of this hill. No rare, threatened or endangered plant or animal species were present on the property. Possible adverse effect or impairment of valued resources: Since no rare, threatened or endangered plants or animal species were found on the property, there will be no adverse effect on the existing flora or fauna in the area. If the applicant follows the recommendations of the DLNR-SHPD, there should be minimal impact to archaeological and historic resources. Feasible actions to protect native Hawaiian rights: Conditions of approval will protect any significant archaeological sites found on the property during the course of development. Further, the applicant will also be required to preserve the existing Pu`u Honu on the property because of its cultural significance of being a vital part of the Hala`i Hill Complex. For your favorable consideration, an amendment to Section 25-8-33 (City of Hilo Zone Map), of the County Zoning Code is transmitted. The Commission also voted to recommend the approval of the request to repeal Change of Zone Ordinance No. 04 144 subject to the adoption of the Change of Zone for Project District (Wailani). Therefore, a proposed bill repealing Ordinance No. 04 144 is also enclosed for your favorable consideration. The Honorable J Yoshimoto, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 10 We are enclosing copies of the staff Background and Planning Director's Recommendation for your information. Sincerely, Rell Woodward, Chairman Windward Planning Commission Lwai lanirez 10-0001 17 W W PC2 Enclosures cc: Mr. Sidney Fuke Ms. Wendy Matsuura Department of Public Works Department of Water Supply Department of Land & Natural Resources -HPD DOT -Highways, Honolulu Lincoln Ashida, Esq., Corporation Counsel DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS COUNTY OF HAWAII HILO, HAWAII DATE: March 29, 2010 TO: BJ Leithead Todd, Planning Director FROM: Department of Public Works SUBJECT: CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 10-000117) Applicant: Wailani Development, LLC Request: Project District (University Terrace) to Project District (Wailani) Tax Map Keys: 2-3-44:019, 2-3-49:053, & 2-3-37:001 We have reviewed the subject application forwarded by your memo dated January 27, 2010 and offer the following comments for your consideration. All development -generated runoff shall be disposed of on site and not directed toward any adjacent properties. A drainage study shall be prepared and the recommended drainage system shall be constructed meeting the approval of the Department of Public Works. Portions of the subject properties are located within Flood Zone AE and A as designated on the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Flood Zone AE is the Special Flood Hazard Area inundated by the 100 -year flood where base flood elevations have been determined, whereas within Flood Zone A. base flood elevations have not been determined. Any construction within either of the FEMA designated flood zones shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 27, Floodplain Management, of the Hawaii County Code. The Zoning Map (Ordinance No. 187) classifies Mohouli and Kornohana Streets as arterials with right-of-way widths of 80 feet, generally (Komohana varies from 80' to 95'), Direct access onto these arterial streets shall be prohibited, exclusive of permitted road lots. Condition T of Ordinance No. 04 144 is still applicable. Streets within the subject development should be built to dedicable standards including concrete curbs, gutters, and sidewalks. Install streetlights and traffic control devices as may be required by the Traffic Division, Department of Public Works. The applicant shall be responsible for the design, purchase, and installation of such devices, Mc3rsu to the Plartniiae Dilt:cior � Ivl im:11 29.201 ti With regard to the TIAR included with the subject application, we provide the following. Under the nationally recognized Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, traffic signals should tic-; installed only when they are warranted. Review of the projected volumes in the application's TIAR appears that some of the locations where traffic signals are rccommonded do not warrant their installation. These intersections include Komohana Street/Kukuau Street, Komohana Street/Puu Honu Place, Mohouli StroettPonohawat Street extension. The TIAR should consider ailernatives to traffic control signals even if one or more of the signal warrants have been satisfied. An alternative includes the adding of one or more lanes on a minor street approach - The TIAR recommends the widening of Komohana Street to 4 lanes from Waianuenue Avenue to Mohouli Street. The TIAR should address tate traffic impacts resulting from the widening on the operations of the intersection of Komohana and Punahele Streets. The TIAR recommends the west and east bound approaches at the intersection of Komohana and Ponohawai provide a dedicated left turn lane and a shared through/right turn lane. The 2015 projected volume in the west bound direction is 245(170) right turns during the a,m.(p.m.) peak hours, while through traffic is projected at 30(25) during the a.m.(p.m.) peak hours. It would seem that the intersection would operate better with the west bound approach providing a dedicated left turn, a dedicated through, and a dedicated right turn lane. Since the intersection is signalized, vehicles heading in the west bound through direction will block any of the right turn vehicles from making a right turn on red. The east bound approach is also projecting similar volumes coming out of the proposed project with a shared through/right turn lane. Similarly, the Mohouti Street west bound approach at its intersection with Komohana Street is also recommending as a shared through/right turn lane. The TIAR states that there is a 2% internal capture rate. On Table) for year 2015 with project, the entering and existing trips for the internal land uses should match one another. That is, entering traffic for the medical facility should equal the existing traffic for the commercial center. Also, Table 1 shows pass -by trips forthe internal trips. An explanation of how pass -by trips are considered internal trips should be provided. Note, the volumes for the internal capture is small and is unlikely that the changes will impact the analyses at the intersections. The TIAR utilizes a 34% pass -by trip rate for both the a.m. and p.m. peak hours. The TIAR should justify the use of the pass -by trip rate especially during the a.m. peak hour. The Institute of Transportation Engineers Trip Generation Handbook only provides pass -by trip rates for the p.m. peak hour of traffic. On page 17 of the TIAR, there is an emission within section 5.3.1.1 Ambient f=orecast, The first bullet "At tvtohouli Street" does not state which intersection the improvernent is recommended at. r` f iy0-`Ha'npi gI;,-yo'fel} isw,ihP i ani F nI)1 g M Memo to the Plxwn,uv, Diaector March 29, 2010 Pate 3 of 3 On page 22, last paragraph, the TIAR indicates that there will be a LOS E during the a.m. peak hour of traffic. The paragraph also state -.s that the intersection will be "fully" channelized, however only a dedicated left turn lane is proposed. Similarly on page 24. the third paragraph states a "fully" channelized intersection. The conclusions on page 25 conflicts with the information provided in the body of the TIAR. On Figure 14B in the north bound direction on Komohana Street between Kukuau Street and Ponohawai Street there is a loss of 275 vehicles in the @.m� peak hour of traffic. Similarly 295 vehicles are lost between Ponohawai Street and Puu Nonu Place in the north bound direction. . . The TIAR states that in 2030, the project will extend Ponohawai Street to intersect Mohouli Street. Review of Figures 14 and 14B (2030) shows that the west bound through is projected to be 50(85) vehicles during the a.m.(p.m.) peak hour of traffic. Figures 13 and 13B (2020) shows the same movement as 35(80) vehicles during the a.m.(p-m.) peak hour. With the extension of Ponohawai Street to Mohouli Street, would there be a possibility of traffic being redirected from Mohouli Street to Ponohawai Street? The tables at the end of the TIAR indicate some movements will be operating at LOS E even with mitigation measures. We recommend a condition for the provision a revised TIAR be submitted similar to condition X of Ordinance No. 04-144 of the former University Terrace Project District. Questions may be referred to Kelly Gomes of our Engineering Division at ext. 8327. KG A o.;nq pt I ia.zii is an ijy i Op, apmut} E ro jdir un,f I jnpPo;a RWailaniREZ.doc3/30/10 COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT RECOMMENDATION WAILANI DEVELOPMENT, LLC CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION EEZ 10-117) Upon careful review of the request, the Planning Director is recommending that a favorable recommendation for a Project District request be forwarded to the County Council. This recommendation does not, however, sanction the plans submitted with the application as they may be subject to change given the specific code and regulatory requirements of the affected agencies. Since this recommendation is made without the benefit of public testimony, the Director reserves the right to modify and/or alter this position based on additional information presented at the public hearing. This favorable recommendation is based on the following findings: The applicant requests a Change of Zone from Project District (University Terrace) to Project District (Wailani) for approximately 171.504 acres of land. The project, referred to as "Wailani", proposes a mixed-use community to include a 180,000 sq ft medical office campus, 200,000 sq ft of commercial space, a 100,000 sq ft business park, up to 333 senior housing units, up to 90 multiple - family residential units, up to 95 single-family residential lots, approximately 6.9 acres of active recreational open space, approximately 19 acres of passive open space including walking and bicycling paths and the Pu`u Honu cinder cone, and supporting infrastructure. The development would be constructed in three phases over a 15 year period. To serve the development the applicant proposes to develop an extension of Ponahawai Street from its intersection with Komohana Street through the project site to the Mohouli Street Extension, two loop roads to serve the senior housing and medical office campus, and a cul-de-sac from the Mohouli Street Extension to serve the multiple -family residential and large lot single-family residential uses south of the Alenaio Stream drainage charmel. The applicant also requests to repeal Ordinance No. 04 144 which approved the Project District (University Terrace) subject to adoption of a change ATTACH: Coram. 798 Bills 242 & 243 of zone ordinance for the Project District referred to as Wailani. The Project District (PD) is intended to provide for a flexible and creative planning approach rather than specific land use designations. It will also allow for flexibility over time in the location of specific uses and mixes of structural alternatives. The planning approach would establish continuity in land uses and designs while providing for a comprehensive network of infrastructure facilities and systems. A variety of uses as well as open space, parks, and other project uses are intended to be in accord with each individual Project District objective. A Project District is an amendment to Chapter 25, Zoning Code, which changes the district boundaries in accordance with the individual Project District. A Project District may he established whenever the public necessity and convenience and the general welfare require that a comprehensive planning approach for an area should be adopted. In addition, a Project District may only be established if the proposed district: (1) Is consistent with the intent and purpose of the Chapter 25 (Zoning Code), Hawaii County Code and the County General Plan; and (2) Will not result in a substantial adverse impact upon the surrounding area, community or region. The Change of Zone request from Project District (University Terrace) to Project District (Wailani) is consistent with the intent and purpose of the General Plan and the Zoning Code. The General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map designation for the subject properties is Medium Density Urban. The Medium Density Urban designation allows for village and neighborhood commercial, single-family and multiple -family residential uses (up to 35 units per acre) and related functions. The purpose of the requested change of zone to a Project District is to provide a mix of land uses ranging from single-family and multiple - family residential units, a medical office campus, a commercial center, a business park, and open space and recreational areas. Some of the land uses the applicant originally proposed for the business park, such as warehousing, manufacturing, and light -industrial, are not consistent with the General Plan LUPAG designation. -2- These uses would be more appropriate in areas designated High Density Urban and Industrial in the General Plan. In Hilo, the High Density Urban and Industrial designated areas are located near the airport, along Kanoelehua Avenue, and near the town core makai ofKapi`olani Street between the Wailuku River and Kawili Street. A condition of approval will limit the permitted uses in the Project District to only those that are consistent with the Medium Density Urban designation of the LUPAG Map. According to the applicant, the development will include a mix of uses, including residential uses of varying densities and structure types and medical and commercial areas in proximity to the residents. Design concepts intended to promote a more livable and pedestrian friendly community will also be incorporated into the development. One of the primary components of the proposed development is a medical office campus to address the primary health care needs of the area's residents. In the Public Facilities Element of the General Plan, primary healthcare is defined as non -bed related diagnosis, treatment and prevention services and includes general medical care in a doctor's office or outpatient clinic, emergency medical care, diagnostic radiology and clinical laboratory services, and continuing care of the chronically ill and those requiring rehabilitation. The plan recognizes that as the number of elderly increases, there will be a greater need for assisted living, skilled nursing, and intermediate care facilities. The proposed development supports this element as it will provide new medical facilities for primary healthcare in close Proximity to the Hilo Medical Center and adjacent medical facilities. This proposed development is consistent with the Economic Element of the General Plan in that the proposed development will provide additional and expanded employment opportunities for the residents of the area as well as the entire island. The employment opportunities from the proposed development as a result of this zoning request will generate both short -tern (construction) and long- term (operational) employment. The proposed project would provide opportunities to increase the activity of secondary industries, thereby increasing job opportunities for the island's residents. Further, the magnitude of this project -3- will directly benefit the residents of this County as the real property tax base will substantially increase. It will provide residents with opportunities to improve their quality of life. The Land Use element of the General Plan also states that urban -type uses shall be developed in areas adequately served by essential services and other infrastructure. These services and infrastructure are vitally important to areas being developed for urban uses. Essential services and infrastructure, which include electricity, sewer, water, and roads, are or can be made available to the site. From the comments received from agencies, various improvements would be required for the development of this project. Therefore, conditions will be included to assure that these services and infrastructure are provided in a timely manner to accommodate the uses proposed in this Project District. With the requirement that the applicant provide these essential services and infrastructure, the granting of this change of zone would not unreasonably burden the public agencies to provide roads and streets, sewer, water, drainage improvements and police and fire protection to accommodate the development of this project. The Zoning Code is one of the tools used to implement the General Plan and is one of the County's primary land use control mechanisms. The Zoning Code sets out the various types of uses allowed by providing for certain zoning districts. In this particular case, the applicant proposes to establish a Project District to provide flexibility in the location of land uses without identifying where these uses would be specifically located on the property at this early stage of development. A minimum of 50 acres is required to establish a Project District. The request meets this criterion as the subject properties are approximately 172 acres in size. The Zoning Code also allows any uses permitted either directly or conditionally in the RS, RD, RM, RCX, CN, CG, CV, or V zoning districts to be permitted in a Project District. With the exception of some of the warehousing and light -industrial uses that the applicant is proposing for the business park, all other proposed uses are consistent with the uses permitted in a Project District. For example, the proposed single-family, multiple -family residential and senior housing uses are considered permitted uses in the RS, and -4- RM districts. Additionally, old age, convalescent, nursing, rest homes and other similar uses are permitted in the CV district. The CV district also allows medical and research laboratories as a permitted use. Medical clinics, offices, restaurants, and other commercial retail uses are permitted in the CN and CV districts. A condition of approval has been included to limit any uses within the Project District to only those uses permitted within the RS, RM, CN and CV districts. Land uses permitted in the RD, RCX, CG and V districts would not be allowed in this Project District. The applicant did not propose uses found in the RD, RCX or V district and land uses permitted in the CG district would not be consistent with the General Plan LUPAG designation and are not appropriate for this location in Hilo. According to the Zoning Code, the purpose of the CG district is to provide for commercial uses ands services on a broad basis to serve as the central shopping or principal downtown area for a city of region. Additionally, no CG district shall be established until there is a demonstrated need for such action an no two CG districts shall be established in such relationship to each other that they cannot act as one center and yet area too close together to serve two distinct regions. Various conditions of approval have been added to ensure the development complies with other sections of the Zoning Code related to landscaping, off-street parking and loading, building density, minimum yards and setbacks and building height limits. By limiting the Project District to those land uses permitted only in the RS, RM, CN and CV districts, the request is consistent with the General Plan and Zoning Code. The request for a Project District will not result in a substantial adverse impact upon the surrounding area, community or region. The property is located within well-established residential areas that are zoned for single-family residential use. In close proximity to the property are lands zoned and/or developed for commercial uses, such as the medical facilities located immediately makai ofKomohana Street. The applicant's objective is to develop a mixed-use project while still protecting the important cultural and environmental resources of the area. The applicant has recognized the benefits of planning and designing a project in a -5- manner that is sensitive to the natural features and unique heritage of the land. The overall design theme provides generous open space with active and passive type recreational uses. This open space area will consist of approximately 26 acres that will include the Alenaio Stream drainageway. The project proposal is to improve the banks of the drainageway for use as a linear park with the provision of bicycle and pedestrian pathways. The development would have the potential to adversely affect surrounding properties which are mostly residential in character, if mitigation measures were not required. However, several conditions of approval will mitigate adverse impacts of the project related to noise, air quality (dust) and drainage. For example, since this particular area has experienced major flooding in the past the Planning Department believes it is reasonable and prudent to prevent the construction of residential structures and other substantial buildings within the floodways (FIRM Flood Zones "A" and "AE"). Additionally, the applicant will prepare a drainage study and construct necessary improvements in order to contain all development -generated runoff on-site. The applicant is required to comply with various State Department of Health standards by controlling dust during construction and reducing the effect of construction equipment noise. Additionally, the Planning Department's landscaping requirements will further minimize the effect of lighting, noise, odors and dust by providing buffers along the project site perimeter, as required. The Project District will be provided with all essential utilities and services. The applicant is required to enter into a Water Development Agreement with the County Water Board in order to provide water to the site for the proposed development. The agreement will identify source, transmission, storage and booster pump facilities that the applicant may be required to construct. Similarly, the applicant is required to provide a sewer study and any facilities required by the Department of Environmental Management to connect the development to the County sewer system. Electrical and telephone services can be made available to the project site. Many public services, such as parks, schools, police and fire are available and adequate to serve the project site. -6- The primary access will be fi-om the planned Ponahawai Street extension. Therefore, it should be pointed out that the basis for supporting this request is that approval of this Project District would facilitate the completion of the Ponahawai Street extension; thus, improving the negative traffic implications if the project were granted without the condition to construct the roadway in its entirety. A condition of approval is included that would require the Ponahawai Street extension to be constructed from Komohana Street to Mohouli Street within 10 years of the effective date of the ordinance approving the request. In addition to constructing the Ponahawai Street extension, a condition of approval will require the applicant provide further traffic impact analysis reports and construct any improvements required by the Department of Public Works as the project is developed. In addition to constriction of the Ponahawai Street extension, this will provide further traffic mitigation for the project's impacts on the surrounding area, community and region. The applicant is proposing to connect to the existing streets to the north of the site for emergency vehicle access only. These narrow streets dead-end at the project site and are located within established single-family residential neighborhoods. According to the applicant, these residents have expressed concern with opening these streets to through traffic for non -emergency vehicle access. Therefore, a condition of approval will require that these streets be used for only ennergency-vehicle access. In addition, the Planning Department will review an overall master plan and site plans for each phase of development to ensure the following: • Adequate light and air, proper siting and arrangements of all structures and improvements area provided; • Existing and prospective traffic movements will not be hindered; • Proper landscaping is provided that is commensurate with the development or use and its surroundings; • Unsightly area are properly screened or eliminated; -7- • Adequate off-street parking is provided to serve the development or use; Access to the parking areas will not cerate potential accident hazards; and • Within reasonable limits, any natural and man-made features of community value are preserved. As stated above, potential impacts associated with this project development, such as traffic, drainage and other design concerns, will be mitigated through conditions of approval. Therefore, the request would not unreasonably burden the public agencies to provide roads and streets, sewer, water, drainage, school improvements, police and fire protection, and other essential services. The proposed Project District zone change would allow for uses that complement the surrounding residential and commercial uses of this section of the City of Hilo. In view of the Hawai `i State Supreme Court's "PASH" and "Ka Pa'akai O Ka Ainn " decisions, the issue relative to native Hawaiian gathering and fishing rights must be addressed in terms of the cultural, historical, and natural resources and the associated traditional and customary practices of the site: Investigation of valued resources: The applicant presented the following information from which the Plaiming Commission and County Council can determine the valued cultural, historical, and natural resources within the area sought for rezoning: • Archaeological Inventory Survey, TMK: 2-3-49:53 and 2-3-37:01, Hann & Associates, January 2010. • Archaeological Inventory Survey Komohana Golf Course, Lands of Ponahawai and Punahoa 1-2, South Hilo District, Island of Hawaii, by Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. (1991) • Letter Report of Archaeological Field Inspection for TMK: 2-3-37:01 by Hann & Associates, December 12, 2002 -8- • He Wahi Moolelo no Ponahawai a me Punahoa ma Hilo, A Collection of Traditions and Historical Accounts for Ponahawai and Punahoa, District of Hilo, Island of Hawai `i by Kunm Pono Associates, May 2003 • Botanical Survey and Preliminary Investigation of Potential Wetlands at Ponahawai, TMK: 2-3-44:19 and 53, Geometrician Associates, LLC. 2003 A Survey of Avian and Terrestrial Manimalian Species of the Ponahawai Mixed Use Planned Community Site, South Hilo District, Hawai `i, Rana Productions Ltd. June 2003. The valuable cultural historical and natural resources found in the rezoning area: The archaeological survey conducted by Paul H. Rosendahl, PhD. in 1991 revealed two sites; Site 14946 and Site 14947. SIHP Site 14946 was assessed as significant solely for information content and required no further work or preservation. SIHP Site 14947 is a ditch system (`auwai) with one primary channel that remains partially intact. The primary channel is the Hilo Boarding School and Old Mission Ditch. The ditch is early historic and probably also prehistoric. The site was assessed as significant for information value, as an excellent example of a site type and culturally valuable. The report recommended further data collection followed by preservation with some level of interpretative development of a representative sample of the site. The report states that further data collection should more accurately characterize feature dimensions, construction techniques, and possible associated artifacts and features. Additionally, in a letter dated February 23, 2010, the Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) expressed concern that the 1991 survey for TMK 2-3-44:19 did not adequately survey and document the entire property and contains insufficient information regarding the condition and disposition of SIHP Site 14947. The DLNR also requested additional information regarding the status of Pu`u Home as a traditional cultural property and further review of the size and intended uses of the proposed open space area at the pu`u. An approved mitigation plan for SIHP Site 14947, -9- and approved preservation plan for this site, Pu`u Honu and any other identified sites are recommended by the DLNR prior to eartlunoving activities on TMK 2-3- 44:19. The recommendations by DLNR-SHPD will be incorporated as conditions of the Project District. i No archeological sites or features were found on TMK 2-3-49:53. Two historic site complexes (SIHP 24022 and 24023) with 23 features associated with historic era sugarcane fanning were identified on TMK 2-3-37:01. The survey recommended no further work or preservation for these sites. A cultural historical study was done by Kunm Pono Associates in May 2003. There is an existing hill on the lower portion of the property referred to as Pu`u Home. Since this prominent feature is part of the Hala`i Hill Complex, the development of the project shall avoid the destruction of this hill. No rare, threatened or endangered plant or animal species were present on the property. Possible adverse effect or impairment of valued resources• Since no rare, threatened or endangered plants or animal species were found on the property, there will be no adverse effect on the existing flora or fauna in the area. If the applicant follows the recommendations of the DLNR-SHPD, there should be minimal impact to archaeological and historic resources. Feasible actions to Protect native Hawaiian rights: Conditions of approval will protect any significant archaeological sites found on the property during the course of development. Further, the applicant will also be required to preserve the existing Pu`u Honu on the property because of its cultural significance of being a vital part of the Hala`i Hill Complex. The accompanying draft bill to amend Section 25-8-33 (City of Hilo Zone Map) is provided for your favorable consideration. Please note the proposed conditions of approval attached to the draft bill. 10- MailaniREZ.doc- 3/30/10 WAILANI DEVELOPMENT, LLC CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 10-117) CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL A. The applicant(s), successors or assigns shall be responsible for complying with all of the stated conditions of approval. B. This project area shall be called the Wailani Project District. C. The Wailani Project District shall consist of not more than 172 acres for single- family and multiple -family residential, senior housing, medical office campus, commercial center, business park, open space and recreational uses, and ancillary related improvements. D. The maximum number of single family and multiple -family residential units allowed shall be 518 units, which includes a maximum of 333 senior housing units. The density for multiple -family residential uses shall not exceed 35 units per acre. E. The maximum square footage of the medical office campus, commercial center, and business park uses shall be 480,000 square feet. No single commercial business may contain more than 45,000 square feet in gross floor area. F. The minimum lot size for single-family residential units shall be 7,500 square feet. G. A minimum of 26 acres shall be used for open space and recreational uses, which includes a minimum of 7 acres for active recreational use. H. The uses disclosed in the application, as listed below, and those required as conditions to this Ordinance will be allowed in the Wailani Project District. The provision of other uses not listed will require an amendment to this Project District Ordinance. 1. All uses allowed as a matter of right in the RS, RM, and CN zoned districts. 2. All uses allowed as a matter of right in the CV zoned district, except for hotels, manufacturing, warehousing, and light -industrial uses. 2. Open space and recreational uses, including ball fields, linear parks, pedestrian paths and bikeways. 3. Infrastructure improvements. A detailed Master Plan of the Project District, which includes the location and number of residential lots and units, commercial uses, open space and recreational areas, pedestrian pathways and bikeways, landscaping, roadways, parking, and other related improvements on the property, shall be submitted to the Planning Director within two (2) years from the effective date of the Project District Ordinance or prior to submission of plans for plan approval or subdivision approval, whichever occurs first. The applicant shall provide a detailed water master plan showing the water system improvements needed for each phase of the development. The plan shall meet with the approval of the Department of Water Supply and shall be submitted to the Planning Director within two (2) years from the effective date of the Project District Ordinance or prior to submission of plans for plan approval or subdivision approval, whichever occurs first. K. Before a water commitment for the development can be effected, the applicant shall enter into a Water Development Agreement with the Water Board, pursuant to Rule 5 of the Department of Water Supply's rules and regulations. The Agreement will establish, but not be limited to, the scope of water system improvements required to serve the development, allocation of water to the development, duration of water commitments, timeline for completion of improvements, and payment of applicable facilities charges. The applicant shall also construct all water system improvements as required by the Department of Water Supply through its standards. These improvements may include but not be limited to additional source, transmission, storage and booster pump facilities. L. Construction of approximately 100,000 square feet of the proposed medical office park and approximately 100,000 square feet of the commercial center shall commence within five (5) years of the effective date of the Project District Ordinance. Construction of an extension of Ponahawai Street from Komohana Street to Mohouli Street and related intersection improvements shall commence within five (5) years of the effective date of the Project District Ordinance, and shall be completed within ten (10) years of the effective date of the Project -2- District Ordinance. Completion of construction may be assured by a sufficient surety bond, meeting with the approval of the County of Hawai `i. Final Plan Approval shall be secured in accordance with the requirements of the Chapter 25 (Zoning Code), Hawaii County Code, prior to the commencement of construction of the stated uses. M. The following design standards shall apply: 1. Landscaping for the development shall comply with the Zoning Code and Planning Department's Rule No. 17, Landscaping Requirements. 2. The height limit for structures within the project shall not exceed the following: a. Single -Family Residential Development: thirty five (35) feet. b. Multiple -Family Residential Development (including Senior Housing): forty five (45) feet, provided approval is granted by the Planning Director as part of the approval of the site plan in accordance with Section 25-6-46, Chapter 25 (Zoning Code), Hawai `i County Code. C. Medical Office Campus, Commercial Center, and Business Park Development: forty (40) feet, provided approval is granted by the Planning Director as part of the approval of the site plan in accordance with Section 25-6-46, Chapter 25 (Zoning Code), Hawaii County Code. The minimum yards (setback) shall be as follows: a. Single -Family Residential Development: (1) On a building site with an area of 7,500 square feet to and including 9,999 square feet: (a) Front and rear yards: 15 feet; and (b) Side yards: 8 feet. (2) On a building site with an area of 10,000 square feet to and including 19,999 square feet: (a) Front and rear yards: 20 feet; and (b) Side yards: 10 feet. -3- (3) On a building site with an area of 20,000 square feet or il➢r4Ii[Hi (a) Front and rear yards: 25 feet; and (b) Side yards: 15 feet. b. Multiple -Family Residential Development: (1) Front and rear yards: 20 feet; and (2) Side yards: 8 feet for a one-story building, plus an additional 2 feet for each additional story. C. Medical Office Campus, Commercial Center, and Business Park Development: (1) Front and rear yards: 15 feet; and (2) Side yards: none, except where the side yard adjoins the side yard of a building site used for purposes allowed in RS or RM zones, the yard setback appropriate for the RS or RM district shall be used. 4. The minimum off-street parking and loading space requirements of Chapter 25, Hawaii County Code shall be complied with. The American Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements shall also be complied with. N. All project utilities shall be underground. O. The applicant shall conduct a sewer study in accordance with the then applicable wastewater system design standards prior to approval to connect to the County sewer system. Prior to the issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy, the applicant shall provide such sewer line or other facility improvements as the Director of the Department of Environmental Management may reasonably require, which the sewer study may indicate are advisable for mitigation of impacts of the development. The extension of Ponahawai Street from Komohana Street to Mohouli Street (referred to hereafter as the " Ponahawai Street extension") shall be a minimum right-of-way width of eighty (80) feet and built to County dedicable standards, including the provision of curbs, gutters, and sidewalks, and be built on an alignment meeting with the approval of the Department of Public Works in -4- consultation with the Planning Director. Upon its completion, the roadway shall be dedicated, at no cost, to the County. Q. No lots shall have direct access from either Komohana Street or Mohouli Street, exclusive of permitted road lots. The location of any permitted road lots shall be determined by the Department of Public Works in consultation with the Planning Director. Further, no single family residential lots shall have direct access from the Ponahawai Street Extension and other proposed arterial streets. R. Unless otherwise specified by the Planning Director in consultation with tine Department of Public Works, all streets within the project shall be constructed to dedicable standards, including the provision of concrete curbs, gutters and sidewalks. S. Only emergency vehicular access from the site to the existing side streets to the north (e.g Wiliwili Street, Malanai Street) shall be allowed. The applicant shall provide removable barriers (e.g. concrete posts) on these roadways at the property line to prevent non -emergency vehicular access. T. Streetlights and traffic control devices, as may be required by the Traffic Division, Department of Public Works, shall be designed, purchased and installed by the applicant. U. Revised Traffic Impact Analysis Report(s) (TIAR) certified by a licensed engineer shall be submitted prior to receipt of a Certificate of Occupancy or Final Subdivision Approval for each phase of the development, whichever occurs first. All additional mitigation measures, including intersection and/or roadway improvements, called for in the revised TIAR shall be implemented. V. Because of potential roadway noise, there shall be a minimum 70 -foot setback from the Komohana Street right -of --way, and a 90 -foot setback from the Mohouli Street right-of-way, for any residential structure. W. All development -generated runoff shall be disposed of on-site and shall not be directed toward any adjacent properties. A drainage study shall be prepared by a licensed civil engineer and submitted to the Department of Public Works prior to issuance of Final Plan Approval or Final Subdivision Approval, whichever occurs first. Any recommended drainage improvements, if required, shall be constructed -5- meeting with the approval of the Department of Public Works prior to receipt of a Certificate of Occupancy for any structure. The applicant shall maintain the two major floodways free of debris and obstructions, including trees that could be uprooted and clog the culverts during storms. X. Any construction within the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) designated flood zones shall conform to Chapter 27, Floodplain Management, of the Hawaii County Code. Y. There shall be no construction of residential structures and related improvements or other substantial buildings, or subdivision roads (unless the roads are protected from flooding in a manner meeting with the approval of the Department of Public Works) within areas designated Zone "AE" or "A" on the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM). Restrictive covenants in the deeds of all lots shall give notice of the terms of this rezoning condition. A copy of the proposed covenant(s) to be recorded with the State of Hawaii Bureau of Conveyances shall be submitted to the Planning Director for review and approval prior to issuance of Final Subdivision Approval. A copy of the recorded document shall be filed with the Planning Department upon its receipt from the Bureau of Conveyances. No residential lots may be created which lack a buildable area. As represented by the applicant, the main Alenaio Stream drainageway shall be kept as an open space area, except for drainage improvements which may be required pursuant to the drainage study, and park improvements, including bicycle and pedestrian paths. Z. All earthwork activity, including grading and grubbing, shall conform to Chapter 10, Erosion and Sedimentation Control, of the Hawaii County Code. AA. The applicant shall contact the U.S. Department of Army Corps of Engineers to identify whether a federal permit is required for any possible work involving the discharge of fill material into wetlands or Alenaio Stream. BB. The applicant shall contact the State Department of Health as to whether a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) general or individual permit is required for this development. f'l CC. The applicant shall comply with the State Department of Health's regulations and rules related to, but not limited to, Underground Injection Systems, Air Pollution, Food Establishment Sanitation, Water Quality, and Community Noise. DD. A Solid Waste Management Plan shall be prepared and submitted to the Department of Environmental Management for review and approval prior to the issuance of Final Plan Approval or Final Subdivision Approval, whichever occurs first. EE. Pu'u Honu shall be preserved as a natural feature. FF. An archaeological inventory survey of TMK: 2-3-44:19, meeting with the approval of the Department of Land and Natural Resources - State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-SHPD), shall be completed prior to any construction or land disturbance activity on this parcel. The survey shall include an assessment with further interviews (if needed) of Pu`u Honu as a traditional cultural property. If required by DLNR-SHPD, Pu`u Honu shall be designated as an historic property and assigned an SIHP number. GG. A archaeological mitigation plan addressing data collection at Site 14947 (and any additional sites that might be discovered) shall be completed and approved by DLNR-SHPD prior to any construction or land disturbance activity on TMK: 2-3- 44:19. HH. An archaeological preservation plan addressing preservation of specified segments of Site 14947 (portion of Hilo Boarding School and Old Mission Ditch) and Pu`u Honu (and any additional sites that might me identified) shall be completed and approved prior to the implementation of interim preservation measures. Interim preservation measures shall be in place prior to the initiation of any construction of land disturbing activities on TMK 2-3-44:19. II. Should any unidentified sites or remains such as artifacts, shell, bone, or charcoal deposits, human burials, rock or coral alignments, pavings or walls be encountered, work in the immediate area shall cease and the Department of Land and Natural Resources — State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-SHPD) shall be immediately notified. Subsequent work shall proceed upon an -7- archaeological clearance from the DLNR-SHPD when it is found that sufficient mitigation measures have been taken. JL To ensure that the Goals and Policies of the Housing Element of the General Plan are implemented, the applicant shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 11, Article 1, Hawaii County Code, relating to Affordable Housing Policy. This requirement shall be approved by the Administrator of the Office of Housing and Community Development prior to receipt of a Certificate of Occupancy for the multiple family residential development or the occupancy of the first single- family dwelling, whichever occurs first. KK. The applicant, successors or assigns shall make its fair share contribution to mitigate the potential regional impacts of development of the properties with respect to parks and recreation, fire, police, solid waste disposal facilities and roads. The fair share contribution shall become due and payable prior to receipt of Final Subdivision Approval and /or Final Plan Approval. The fair share contribution for each lot shall be based on the actual number of residential units developed. The fair share contribution in a form of cash, land, facilities or any combination thereof shall be determined by the County Council. The fair share contribution may be adjusted annually beginning three years after the effective date of this ordinance, based on the percentage change in the Honolulu Consumer Price Index (HOPI). The fair share contribution shall have a maximum combined value of $7,738.48 per multiple family residential unit ($12,059.55 per single family residential unit). The total amount shall be determined with the actual number of units according to the calculation and payment provisions set forth in this condition. The fair share contribution per multiple family residential unit (single family residential unit) shall be allocated as follows: $3,817.17 per multiple family residential unit ($5,815.33 per single family residential unit) to the County to support park and recreational improvements and facilities; $120.64 per multiple family residential unit ($280.53 per single family residential unit) to the County to support police facilities; 0 3. $371.11 per multiple family residential unit ($554.09 per single family residential unit) to the County to support fire facilities; 4. $165.40 per multiple family residential unit ($242.59 per single family residential unit) to the County to support solid waste facilities; and 5. $3,264.15 per multiple family residential unit ($5,167.02 per single family residential unit) to the County to support road and traffic improvements. In lieu of paying the fair share contribution, the applicant may contribute land and/or construct improvements/facilities related to parks and recreation, fire, police, solid waste disposal facilities and roads within the region impacted by the proposed development, subject to the review and recommendation of the Planning Director, upon consultation with the appropriate agencies and approval of the County Council. LL. Should the Council adopt a Unified Impact Fees Ordinance setting forth criteria for imposition of exactions or the assessment of impact fees, conditions included herein shall be credited towards the requirements of the Unified Impact Fees Ordinance. MM. Comply with all other applicable County, State and Federal laws, rules, regulations and requirements. NN. An annual progress report shall be submitted to the Plarming Director prior to the anniversary date of the approval of this Project District Ordinance. The report shall include, but not be limited to, the status of the development and the extent to which the conditions of approval are being satisfied. This condition shall remain in effect until all of the conditions of approval have been satisfied and the Planning Director acknowledges that further reports are not required. 00. An initial extension of time for the performance of conditions within the ordinance may be granted by the Planning Director upon the following circumstances: (1) The non-performance is the result of conditions that could not have been foreseen or are beyond the control of the applicant, successors or assigns, and that are not the result of their fault or negligence. (2) Granting of the time extension would not be contrary to the General Plan or Zoning Code. (3) Granting of the time extension would not be contrary to the original reasons for the granting of the Project District. (4) The time extension granted shall be for a period not to exceed the period originally granted for performance (i.e., a condition to be performed within one year may be extended for up to one additional year). (5) If the applicant should require an additional extension of time, the Planning Department shall submit the applicant's request to the County Council for appropriate action. RR. Should any of the conditions not be met or substantially complied with in a timely fashion, the Planning Director may initiate rezoning of the subject area to its original or more appropriate designation. -10- COUNTY OF HAWAII ORDINANCE NO. STATE OF HAWAII BILL NO. (PLANNING DEPT.) AN ORDINANCE AMENDING SECTION 25-8-33 (CITY OF HILO ZONE MAP), ARTICLE 8, CHAPTER 25 (ZONING CODE) OF THE HAWAII COUNTY CODE 1983 (2005 EDITION), BY CHANGING THE DISTRICT CLASSIFICATION FROM PROJECT DISTRICT TO PROJECT DISTRICT AT PONAHAWAI, SOUTH HILO, HAWAII, COVERED BY TAX MAP KEY: 2-3-037:001, 2-3-044:019, AND 2-3-049:053. BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAWAII: SECTION 1. Section 25-8-33, Article 8, Chapter 25 (Zoning Code) of the Hawaii County Code 1983 (2005 Edition), is amended to change the district classification of property described hereinafter as follows: The district classification of the following area situated at Ponahawai, South Hilo, Hawaii, shall be Project District: Beginning at the north corner of this parcel, also being the east corner of Lot 2 on the southwest side of Komohana Street, the coordinates of said point of beginning referred to Government Survey Triangulation Station "HALM" being 109.52 feet North and 797.67 feet West and running by azimuths measured clockwise from True South: Following along Komohana Street for the next twenty-two (22) courses, the azimuths and distances between points being: 1. 320` 40' 42.10 feet; 2. 50' 40' 10.00 feet; 3. 320" 40' 146.28 feet; 4. 50' 40' 5.00 feet; 5. Thence along a curve to the right having a radius of 1945.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 322' 51' 30" 148.76 feet; 6. 235' 03' 10.00 feet; 7. Thence along a curve to the right having a radius of 1955.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 326" 50' 30" 122.25 feet; S. 238' 38' 5.00 feet; 9. Thence along a curve to the right having a radius of 1960.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 336' 09' 512.79 feet; 10. 73' 40' 10.00 feet; 11. Thence along a curve to the right having a radius of 1950.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 344' 40' 68.06 feet; 12. 345' 40' 455.47 feet; 13. 255' 40' 10.00 feet; 14. 345' 40' 73.40 feet; 15. 54' 00' 11.48 feet; 16. 10' 30' 18.00 feet; 17. 333' 00' 83.14 feet; 18. 345' 40' 248.93 feet; 19. Thence along a curve to the left having a radius of 3040.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 342' 20' 353.52 feet; 20. 69' 00' 5.00 feet; 21. Thence along a curve to the left having a radius of 3045.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 336° 51' 56" 226.82 feet; -2- 22. 83' 10' 67.64 feet; 23. Thence following along the middle of Alenaio Stream along Lot 14 of Sunrise Ridge Subdivision Unit 1-B, File Plan 1693, the direct azimuth and distance being: 44' 30' 155.00 feet; 24. 35' 17' 960.00 feet along Lots 15, 16, 20 and 21 of Sunrise Ridge Subdivision Unit 1-B and Lots 27 to 20, inclusive of Sunrise Ridge Subdivision Unit 2-13, File Plan 1693; 25. 59' 01' 27" 1633.86 feet along Government Land; 26. 65' 46' 26" 260.53 feet along Government Land; Thence along Mohouh Street Extension for the next nine (9) courses, the azimuths and distances between points being: 27. 119' 41' 199.44 feet; 28. 209' 41' 25.00 feet; 29. 119° 41' 930.00 feet; 30. 29' 41' 30.00 feet; 31. 119' 41' 170.00 feet; 32. 29' 41' 5.00 feet; 33. 119' 41' 250.00 feet; 34. 29' 41' 5.00 feet; 35. 119' 41' 540.00 feet; 36. 209° 41' 210.35 feet along Lots 75 to 78, inclusive of Kaumana Gardens Subdivision Unit 2 (File Plan 935); -3- 37. 254' 30' 368.44 feet along Lots 56-A, 56-B and 3 of Crescent City Heights Subdivision; 38. 324' 40' 50.00 feet along Liko Lehua Street; 39. 234' 40' 18.63 feet along Liko Lehua Street; 40. 324' 40' 363.00 feet along Lot 57; 41. 234` 40' 398.55 feet along Lots 57, D and C; 42. 144' 40' 262.53 feet along Lots C, B and A; 43. 254' 30' 981.48 feet along Lots 35 to 47, inclusive and Lot 50 of Crescent City Heights Subdivision; 44.-- 136' 15' 200.00 feet along Lots 50 and 49 of Crescent City Heights Subdivision; 45. 226' 15' 50.00 feet along Wiliwili Street; 46. 136' 15' 5.98 feet along Wiliwili Street; 47. 226' 15' 325.00 feet along Roadway Lot and Lot 4; 48. 136' 15' 371.76 feet along Lots 4, 60-E and 59-E; 49. 236' 50' 289.92 feet along Lots 14, 15, 16 and 17; 50. 316° 15' 65.70 feet along Omao Street; 51. 226' 15' 50.00 feet along Omao Street; 52, 243' 20' 146.46 feet along Lot 26; 53. 136' 15' 525.97 feet along Lots 26, 25, 23, 21 and 19; 54. 243' 20' 1324.47 feet along Lot 15, Hualilili Street, Lots 18 and 20, Malanai Street Lots 16 and 18, Spring Street, Lots 15 and 16, Hoomana Street and Lot 16; i 55. 153' 14' 30" 100.63 feet along Lot 16; 0 56. 136' 15' 120.00 feet along Lots 15 and 14; 57. 226" 15' 125.00 feet along Lot 17; 58. 136' 15' 60.00 feet along Lot 17; 59. 226' 15' 165.00 feet along Waipuna Place and Lot 10; 60. 316" 15' 5.00 feet along Lot 11; 61. 232' 49' 135.25 feet along Lots 11 and 12; 62. 322' 49' 5.00 feet along Lot 1; 63. 232° 49' 184.44 feet along Lots 1 and 2 to the point of beginning and containing an area of 171.504 acres. All as shown on the map attached hereto, marked Exhibit "A" and by reference made a part hereof. SECTION 2. In accordance with Section 25-2-44, Hawaii County Code 1983 (2005 Edition), the County Council finds the following conditions are: Necessary to prevent circumstances which may be adverse to the public health, safety and welfare; or (1) Reasonably conceived to fulfill needs directly emanating from the land use proposed with respect to: (A) Protection of the public from the potentially deleterious effects of the proposed use, or (B) Fulfillment of the need for public service demands created by the proposed use. SEE ATTACHED CONDITIONS SECTION 3. In the event that any portion of this ordinance is declared invalid, such invalidity shall not affect the other parts of this ordinance. 5- SECTION 4. This ordinance shall take effect upon its approval. Hawai `i Date of Introduction: Date of I st Reading: Date of 2nd Reading: Effective Date: INTRODUCED BY: COUNCIL MEMBER, COUNTY OF HAWAII 0 Feet 0 1,400 2,800 4,200 5,600 AMENDMENT TO THE ZONING CODE AMENDING SECTION 25-8-33 (CITY OF HILO ZONE MAP) ARTICLE 8, CHAPTER 25 (ZONING CODE) OF THE HAWAII COUNTY CODE 1983 (2005 EDITION), BY CHANGING THE DISTRICT CLASSIFICATION FROM PROJECT DISTRICT TO PROJECT DISTRICT AT PONAHAWAI, SOUTH HILO, HAWAII MAP PREPARED BY: COUNTY OF HAWAII, PLANNING DEPARTMENT TMK: 2-3-037:001, 2-3-044:019; 2-3-049:053 AHlbi I "A DATE: March 9, 2010 Wailani Dev., LLC Map 1291 B WailaniMdoc 3/18/10 COUNTY OF HA'WAI`I PLANNING DEPARTMENT BACKGROUND REPORT WAILANI DEVELOPMENT, LLC CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 10-117) WAILANI DEVELOPMENT, LLC has submitted an application for a Change of Zone from Prcjcet District (University Terrace) to Project District (Wailani) for approximately 171.504 acres of land. The project, referred to as "Wailani", proposes a mixed-use community to include a 180,000 sq ft medical office campus, 200,000 sq ft of commercial space, a 100,000 sq ft business park, up to 333 senior housing units, up to 90 multiple -family residential units, up to 95 single-family residential lots, approximately 6.9 acres of active recreational open space, approximately 19 acres of passive open space including walking and bicycling paths and the Pu`u Honu cinder cone, and supporting infrastructure. The subject properties are located on the west (mauka) side of the Komohana Street - Ponahawai Street intersection and northeast (makai) of the Mohouli Street Extension, Ponahawai, South Hilo, Hawaii, TMK: 2-3-44:19, 2-3-49:53'and 2-3-37:01. REQUEST Request: Change of zone from a Project District (referred to as University Terrace) to a Project District (referred to as Wailani) to develop an urban medical service campus, commercial areas and senior, single-family and multiple -family residential community that is self-sustaining, pedestrian friendly, and in harmony with the natural land features of the Alenaio Stream drainage channel and Pu`u Henn. The applicant also requests to repeal Ordinance No. 04 144 which approved the Project District (University Terrace) subject to adoption of a change of zone ordinance for the Project District referred to as Wailani. 2. Proposed Development: The project will be developed in three phases taking approximately 20 years to complete and will include the following components: Phase 1 (to be completed and occupied by 2015): • A medical office campus approximately 100,000 square feet in size on Note: Exhibit 1 of this background report, due to its size, is Come. 798 not made a part of the duplicate copies, but is available Bill 242 foreViewing in the Office of the County Clerkl w approximately 14 acres, consisting primarily of one- to two-story buildings and accessory site improvements for multiple physician offices such as a primary care clinic, orthopedic clinic or cardiology clinic, as well as stand alone medical service clinics for recognized vendors. Secondary uses of the medical campus include diagnostic services such as radiology and labs; health maintenance services such as dialysis, pharmacy and physical therapy; and ancillary services such as medical records and equipment storage, centralized billing and human resources services, centralized medical data technology center, training classrooms and conference facilities. • Approximately 100,000 square feet of commercial space on approximately 22.70 acres, consisting of one- to two-story buildings and accessory site improvements located near Komohana Street. The intent of this project component is to provide a unique Hilo -style shopping area offering a wide variety of commercial and retail services to serve the adjacent senior community medical campus and surrounding residential community. "Big -box" retailers would not the preferred tenants in the commercial area, as the applicant's intent is to attract local vendors and service providers who will invest in the community for the long-term. • Approximately 6.90 acres of open space will be dedicated for passive and active recreational opportunities. This area would be available to the Hilo community for active recreation such as tennis courts, playgrounds, bike/ pedestrian paths, a soccer field, and picnic pavilions. In addition, it would be desirable to build an indoor recreation complex to provide recreation opportunities during inclement weather. • Approximately 7.50 acres of passive open space. The Pu`u Honu cinder cone, which is currently overgrown with very large trees and bamboo, will be dedicated and preserved as natural open space for passive use. The slopes of the cinder cone are too steep for active recreational use but -2- pedestrian pathways for hiking may be possible. Phase 2 (to be completed and occupied by 2020): • An additional 80,000 square feet of medical office campus similar to the uses developed in Phase 1 within an approximately 14 acre site. • An additional 100,000 square feet of commercial space near Komohana Street similar to the uses developed in Phase 1 within an -approximately 22.70 acre site. • Approximately 333 multiple -family residential units for seniors on approximately 26.80 acres, consisting of independent living, assisted living, and dependent living (skilled nursing) facilities. Interdependent areas for meal preparation, eating, entertainment and recreation would encourage health, vitality, relationships and community fellowship among residents. All areas would be designed to include walkways and dedicated bicycle, scooter and golf -cart paths which would be separate from the vehicular roadway to facilitate universal accessibility and transportation. • Approximately 90 multiple -family residential units on approximately 17.50 acres, served by a roadway off of the Mohouli Street Extension. Access to these lots would not be provided from surrounding existing residential areas. The target market for these units is young professionals and college students due to the site's proximity to the University of Hawaii at Hilo campus, Hilo Medical Center, and the project's medical campus and business park. • Currently the existing Malanai Road serving the residential community north of Pu`u Honu dead ends just north of the pu`u. To discourage additional vehicular traffic through the existing community the termination of this road will be maintained and standard vehicular access will not be allowed as part of this project. However, the Malanai Road will be extended and designed as a 10 -foot wide path suitable for pedestrian, bicycle and emergency vehicle access. Removable bollards (concrete 9911 posts) will be installed at the current termination of Malanai Road to prevent non -authorized motorized transportation. ® Approximately 6.0 acres of natural open space located between the Alenaio Stream drainage channel and a portion of Sunrise Ridge Subdivision will serve as a buffer to the proposed commercial and residential areas of the project. Phase 3 (to be completed and occupied by 2030): • A business park approximately 100,000 square feet in size on approximately 17.80 acres, consisting of one- to two-story buildings for flexible tenant space for start-up or mature companies that require a variety of space needs and types. Tenants may include professional services offices, retail stores, restaurants, and recreational areas. Although the applicant's proposal includes warehousing, manufacturing and light industrial uses, according to the Zoning Code these industrial land uses are not permitted in the Project District zoning district. • Approximately 95 single-family residential lots, consisting of 58 small lots on approximately 13.40 acres served by roadways off of the proposed Ponahawai Street Extension and 37 large lots on approximately 18.50 acres served by a roadway off of the Mohouli Street Extension. Access to these lots would not be provided from surrounding existing residential . areas. Single-family residential lots/units will be located on the mauka portion of the site closer to the Mohouli Street Extension. A portion of the residential units will be targeted at first-time homebuyers. • The banks of the Alenaio Stream drainage way between the Mohouli Street Extension and Komohana Street will be improved for use as a linear park with bicycle and pedestrian walkways. To serve the development the applicant proposes to develop an extension of Ponahawai Street from its intersection with Komohana Street through the project site to the Mohouli Street Extension, two loop roads to serve the senior -housing and medical -4- office campus, and a cul-de-sac from the Mohoub Street Extension to serve the multiple - family residential and large lot single-family residential uses south of the Alenaio Stream drainage channel. These improvements are discussed in detail in the Roadways/Traffic section below. The Project District zoning district allows for flexibility in the location of specific land uses; therefore, the specific location of the various proposed land uses may change at a future date. Should the applicant's request be approved, a master plan and detailed site plans indicating the specific location of the various land uses will be submitted to the Planning Director for review and approval (if in conformance with the Project District enabling ordinance). In support of the request, the applicant has submitted the attached application. (Planning Department (P.D.) Exhibit 1 - Project District Application, January 22, 2010 letter, January 29, 2010 letter containing an Archaeological Inventory Survey) Landowner: Wailani Development LLC. OTHER INFORMATION 4. Current Project District Zoning: Western United Life Assurance Company of Spokane, Washington submitted a Project District application in September 2003 to establish a mixed-use community referred to as "University Terrace" consisting of up to 600 single-family and multi -family residential units, up to 150 transient accommodation units for long-term visitors, up to 350,000 sq ft of retail/commercial space, and open space along the Alenaio Stream drainage channel. As a result of the application, Ordinance No. 04 144 (P.D. Exhibit 2) effective December 8, 2004 rezoned the subject properties from Agricultural — 1 acre (A-1 a), Neighborhood Commercial — 40,000 sq ft (CN -40), Single -Family Residential — 7,500 sq ft and Single -Family Residential — 10,000 sq ft (RS -7.5 and RS -10) and Open to Project District. The ordinance established the "University Terrace" Project District but limited the maximum number of residential units to 500 units (including 150 multiple -family residential units), the maximum square footage of commercial and office uses to 180,000 sq ft with no single commercial business containing more than 45,000 sq ft in gross floor area, and a minimum of 49 acres -5- for open space and recreational use. 5. Administrative Time Extension: Condition L of Ordinance No. 04 144 required that construction commence within five years for the multi -family residential and commercial developments and the extension of Ponahawai Street from Komohana Street to the Mohouli Street Extension and related intersection improvements. The applicant purchased the subject properties in March 2009 and on April 17, 2009 requested a five year time extension to either comply with Condition L or submit a modified project concept. On April 23, 2009 the Planning Department granted the applicant a five-year time extension to December 8, 2014 to comply with Condition L. STATE AND COUNTY PLANS 6. State Land Use Designation: Urban. 7. General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map: Medium Density Urban, which allows for village commercial, neighborhood commercial, single-family and multiple -family residential uses up to 35 units per acre, and related functions. 8. Hilo Community Development Plan (CDP), adopted by resolution on May 21, 1975: Agricultural -1 acre (A -la), Single -Family Residential- 10,000 sq ft (RS -10) and Open along the Alenaio Stream. 9. County Zoning: Project District. According to the Zoning Code, the Project District (PD) zone is intended to provide for a flexible and creative planning approach rather than specific land use zoning designations. It will also allow for flexibility in the location of specific uses and mixes of structural alternatives. The planning approach would establish continuity in land uses and designs while providing for a comprehensive network of infrastructural facilities and systems. A variety of uses as well as open space, parks, and other project uses are intended to be in accord with each individual Project District objective. (Exhibit 3 — Zoning Code Section 25-6-40, Project District) DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT SITE AND SURROUNDING AREA 10. Project Site: The requested rezone area "project site" consists of three adjoining parcels located west of the Ponahawai Street- Komohana Street intersection and northwest of the Mohouli Street Extension. These vacant properties are situated at an elevation between R 240 and 410 feet above mean sea level. The intermittently flowing Alenaio Stream begins mauka of the Mohouli Street Extension and runs generally through the southern portion of the project site to the southeastern corner near Komohana Street. A portion of the project site directly across from Ka Waena Lapa`au Medical Center has recently been grubbed. Portions of the properties were previously in sugar cane production until the early 1970s. Two small cinder cones which are part of the Hala`i Hills are located in the northeastern portion of the property. The westernmost cinder cone is commonly referred to as Pu`u Florin. 11. Surrounding Zoning and Land Uses: The adjacent residential properties to the north are zoned Single -Family Residential - 7,500 square feet (RS -7.5) and consist of the Kaumana Gardens, Crescent City Heights, Pi`ihonua Houselots subdivisions. The Sunrise Ridge Subdivision which is zoned RS -10 is located adjacent to the south along the mauka portion of Komohana Street. The Ka Waena Lapa`au Medical Center and other medical complexes and offices are located along the makai side of Komohana Street and zoned Neighborhood Commercial — 20,000 square feet (CN -20). The Sunrise Estates subdivision, consisting of one -acre sized lots and zoned Agricultural 1 -acre (A-1 a), is located to the south of the property. Lands across the Mohouli Street Extension are vacant and zoned Agricultural 1 -acre (A-1 a) and Open along Alenaio Stream. 12. U.S.D.A. Soil Type: Hilo Silty Clay Loam (HoC) and Keaukaha Extremely Rocky Muck (rKFD) Series. The Hilo Series consists of well -drained silty clay loams formed in a series of volcanic ash layers. In a representative profile, the surface layer is about 12 inches thick and subsoil is about 48 inches thick. Permeability is rapid, runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is slight. The Keaukaha Series consists of well -drained, thin organic soils overlying pahoehoe lava bedrock. Rock outcrops occupy about 25 percent of the area. In a representative profile, the surface layer is very dark brown muck about 8 inches thick. It is underlain by pahoehoe lava bedrock. The soil above the lava is rapidly permeable. The pahoehoe lava is very slowly permeable, but water moves rapidly through the cracks. Runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is slight to moderate. 13. Land Study Bureau's Productivity Rating: The overall crop productivity rating for -7- soils on the subject properties is "C" or "Fair and "E" or "Very Poor" to the north and "D" or "Poor" to the south. 14. Agricultural Lands of Importance in the State of Hawaii (ALISH): The northern portion of the project site between Komohana Street and Wiliwili Street is designated Prime Agricultural Land and the remainder is unclassified. 15. Flora: A botanical survey was conducted by Geometrician Associates, LLC in April 2003. The objectives of the survey were to 1) describe the vegetation; 2) list all species encountered; and 3) identify threatened or endangered plant species. The survey found that the current vegetation consists of alien trees, shrubs, vines, grasses and herbs. No rare, threatened or endangered plant species as listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service were present, and no unique or valuable wildlife habitats were found. Additionally, no existing or proposed federally designated critical habitat was present. 16. Fauna: A Survey of Avian and Terrestrial Mammalian Species was conducted by Rana Productions, Ltd. in June 2003 for the subject properties. The primary purpose of the survey was to determine if there were any federally listed endangered, threatened, proposed, or candidate avian or mammalian species on or in the immediate vicinity of the project site. The survey of mammals was limited to visual and auditory detection and by searching for animal tracks and signs. The survey of avian species included fifteen count stations along two parallel transects within the site. Counts were concentrated in the early morning hours and an additional two hours in the evenings. Time was also spent searching the site and surrounding area for species and habitats not detected during the count sessions. No species listed as endangered, threatened, proposed, or as a candidate for listing under either the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the State of Hawaii endangered species program were found on the property. Although none were observed, the survey noted the possibility that small numbers of the endangered endemic Hawaiian Petrel and the threatened Newell's Shearwater over fly the site between May and October. There is no habitat within the site suitable as nesting habitat for either of these listed seabird species. However, the survey recommends that all exterior lighting within the development be shielded to reduce the potential for interactions between nocturnally 1.2 flying seabirds with lights and man-made structures. Although not detected during the survey, it is also likely that the endangered Hawaiian Hawk forages over portions of the site, at least occasionally. This endemic species is readily seen in and around Hilo. A potential impact of this development on Hawaiian Hawks would be if a tree containing a hawk nest was removed. Given that large `ohi`a trees are the usual preferred nesting trees, this scenario is unlikely though still possible. Therefore, the survey recommends an audio playback survey be conducted immediately prior to initiating clearing activities to ensure that the clearing of site vegetation will not impact nesting Hawaiian Hawks. These surveys should be conducted in either late January -February, prior to the onset of nesting season, or during June -July when the adults will have chicks in the nest. 17. Noise Impacts: An Environmental Noise Report was completed in June 2003 by D.L. Adams Associates, Ltd. The project area and vicinity are currently exposed to daytime ambient noise levels of 45 to 70 dBA (A -weighted decibels), with traffic being the dominant noise source and wind, birds, and small and large aircraft being other noise sources. State Department of Health (DOH) noise control standards for Class A zoning districts (residential, conservation, preservation) are 55 dBA during the day to 45 dBA at night and for Class B zoning districts (multiple -family residential, apartment, business, commercial, hotel) are 60 dBA during the day to 50 dBA at night. The report states that the dominant noise sources during construction will probably be earth moving equipment, such as bulldozers, diesel powered trucks, and pile driving equipment, if used. Surrounding residential properties may be impacted by construction noise due to their proximity. Noise from construction activities should be short term. Construction will be limited to normal working hours and will comply with the State DOH noise regulations. The project has a potential to generate traffic noise. The report states that in order to minimize potential traffic noise impact on the project, greater setbacks from Komohana Street and Mohouli Street should be incorporated if residential housing is to be located along these roadways. The report further recommends a 70 -foot wide setback from Komohana Street and 90 -foot wide setback from Mohouli Street for residential development in order to meet various state and federal agency noise design goals and KIM regulations. According to the report, if residences are constructed within these setbacks, fixed windows and air conditioning should be provided for these homes; otherwise no further traffic noise mitigation will be necessary. Noise at the property lines from on-site equipment such as pumps, air -handling units, compressors, and condensing units will be addressed during the design phase of the project and will meet the State's maximum permissible sound limits for daytime and nighttime hours. 18. Air Quality: An air quality study was conducted by B.D. Neal and Associates in July 2003. Overall, the present air quality is relatively good. Air quality in the project vicinity is mostly affected by emissions from motor vehicles, industry and natural sources. The study states that for a project such as this, there are two potential types of air pollution emissions that could directly result in short-term air quality impacts during project construction: 1) fugitive dust from vehicle movement and soil excavation; and 2) exhaust emissions from on-site construction equipment. Most potential short-term air quality impacts from project construction can be mitigated through implementing best management practices such as frequent watering of bare dirt surfaces, limiting the amount of disturbed areas at one time near existing residential areas, applying chemical soil stabilizers, mulching or using windscreens, and establishing landscaping as early as possible. The study states that the project may have potential long-term impacts due to indirect emissions associated with the project's electrical power and solid waste disposal requirements, but these are not expected to be significant. Nevertheless, the study states that emergency conservation design features and promoting conservation and recycling programs within the proposed development could further reduce any associated impacts and conserve the island's resources. 19. Water Quality: The Alenaio Stream is an intermittent stream that is the primary drainage way through the site. Alenaio Stream is considered a tributary to the Wailoa River. It flows into Hilo Bay via the Waiolama Canal and Wailoa River. The DOH regulates activities that affect the quality of groundwater resources. The project site is located within the State's underground sources of drinking water (USDW) area, and therefore any proposed injection wells are subject to DOH approval and regulation. grill During construction, best management practices will be used to minimize the potential for runoff into the stream arca. According to the applicant, the project will not increase runoff into the Alenaio Stream drainage way and is not expected to adversely impact stream/downstream water quality or groundwater quality. 20. Rainfall: Annual average rainfall in the area is approximately 130 inches. 21. FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM): The Alenaio Stream drainage channel, which runs though the property from the Mohouli Street Extension to Komohana Street, is a designated floodway (Zone AE - areas inundated by a 100 -year flood, base flood elevations determined). A secondary drainage way north of the Alenaio Stream is designated Zone A (special flood hazard areas inundated by the 100 -year flood, but for which no base flood have been determined). The remainder of the property is designated Zone X (area outside of the 500 -year flood plain). 22. Wetlands: A preliminary investigation of potential wetlands was conducted by Geometrician Associates in June 2003. The investigation revealed that there are a few small pockets of wetlands on the property. The conclusion was that the wetlands are not large or widely distributed on the property. The most likely wetland areas are within or directly adjacent to the main channels of the Alenaio Stream and the large pond on the property. The study recommended that future wetland delineation focus on the large pond and several other smaller pothole water features scattered on the property. The study concluded that the most important wetland factor is the Alenaio Stream. Therefore, the study recommends that the stream channels be precisely mapped. Once the precise locations of the channels are known, the limited area of small wetlands directly adjacent to these channels can be efficiently delineated. The applicant states that whenever possible, wetland areas will be excluded from development or will be incorporated into the open space features. 23. Archaeological/Historical Resources: An archaeological inventory survey for TMK 2- 3-44:19 was conducted in 1991 by Paul H. Rosendahl, PhD. During the survey two sites (SIHP 14946 and 14947) were identified. SIHP Site 14946 was assessed as significant solely for information content and required no further work or preservation. SIHP Site 14947 is a ditch system (`auwai) with one primary channel that remains partially intact. The primary channel is the Hilo Boarding School and Old Mission Ditch. The ditch is early historic and probably also prehistoric. The site was assessed as significant for information value, as an excellent example of a site type and culturally valuable. The report recommended further data collection followed by preservation with some level of interpretative development of a representative sample of the site. The report states that further data collection should more accurately characterize feature dimensions, construction techniques, and possible associated artifacts and features. An archaeological inventory survey for TMK 2-3-49:53 and 2-3-37:01 was conducted in 2003 by Hann & Associates. No archeological sites or features were found on TMK 2-3-49:53. Two historic site complexes (SIHP 24022 and 24023) with 23 features associated with historic era sugar cane farming were identified on TMK 2-3- 37:01. The survey recommended no further work or preservation for these sites. In a letter dated February 23, 2010, the Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) expressed concern that the 1991 survey for TMK 2-3-44:19 did not adequately survey and document the entire property and contains insufficient information regarding the condition and disposition of SIHP Site 14947. The DLNR also requested additional information regarding the status of Pu`u Honu as a traditional cultural property and further review of the size and intended uses of the proposed open space area at the pu`u. An approved mitigation plan for SIHP Site 14947, and approved preservation plan for this site, Pu`u Honu and any other identified sites are recommended by the DLNR prior to earthmoving activities on TMK 2-3-44:19. 24. Cultural Resources: A cultural historical study for the area, entitles "He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo, A Collection of Traditions and Historical Accounts for Ponahawai and Punahoa, District of Hilo, Island ofHawai'i " was conducted by Kumu Pono Associates in May 2003. The primary objective of the study was to provide a detailed overview of key facets of history in the Ponahawai-Punahoa vicinity. The study documents the cultural importance of the land during antiquity and the later period of 9VA Hawaiian history, particularly the three hills of Hala`i, two of which are located on the subject property. In the late 1830's, land use in the area changed from a traditional subsistence system to the cultivation of sugarcane. The study detennined that although the lands were significantly altered during plantation development, the storied landscape of Ponahawai, Punahoa, and the Hala`i Hills is still one of importance. 25. Economic Impact: An Economic Impact Assessment of the project was conducted by Plasch Econ Pacific LLC in November 2009. The assessment indicates that at full development, the project is projected to generate about $220,000 per year in net revenues to the County. Construction employment is expected to average about 80 jobs per year during the 18 -year development period. On-site operating employment is expected to grow to over 1,700 jobs at full development in 2030, including about 625 jobs at the commercial center, about 800 jobs at the medical office campus, and about 250 jobs at the business park. PUBLIC UTILITIES AND SERVICES 26. Roadways/Traffic: Primary access to the project site will be from the proposed extension of Ponahawai Street, which will be a makai-mauka roadway from Komohana Street to the Mohouli Street Extension. As a traffic calming measure, the Ponahawai Street extension arterial may include multiple stop signed intersections to slow traffic moving along this corridor. The use of non -vehicular transportation will be encouraged through a network of bicycle, golf -cart and pedestrian walkways and trails. The City of Hilo Zone Map identifies future road alignments and right-of-way needs in Hilo (Exhibit 4 — portion of City of Hilo Zone Map). The map designates an 80 -foot wide right-of- way for the Ponahawai Street extension and indicates an alignment from Komohana Street, south of the Alenaio Stream drainage channel, through the project site to Mohouli Street. The intent is for this alignment to connect with the future Kupulau Street extension at an intersection with Mohouli Street. The Planning Department has required portions of the future Kupulau Street extension alignment to be reserved as road lots when subdivision approval was granted for subdivisions containing the alignment (i.e. Sunrise Estates Subdivision). -13- A secondary access roadway is proposed which would begin as a signalized, fully channelized (as traffic demand requires) intersection on Komohana Street across from Pu`uhonu Place and end at an intersection with the Ponahawai Street extension within the project site. Currently, Komohana Street has a variable right-of-way width ranging from 80 to 90 feet fronting the subject properties. A new cul-de-sac roadway from the Mohouli Street Extension is proposed to serve the townhouse units and large single-family residential lots. The roadway would be located between the existing Kukuau Street and proposed Ponahawai Street extension intersections. Mohouli Street Extension has a right-of-way width that varies between 120 and 180 feet fronting the subject property. There are multiple existing dead end streets abutting the north boundary of the project area. According to the applicant, during public meetings the neighboring property owners indicated that they do not wish to create a through street situation. To satisfy the neighbors and the need for emergency vehicle access and future connectivity, the applicant proposes to construct an improved County standard road within the project site up to the property boundary at Wiliwili Street, but place removable bollards (concrete posts) at the property boundary that can be removed when emergency vehicles need to gain access. Wiliwili Street has an existing right-of-way width of 30 to 45 feet with a 20 -foot wide pavement close to the.property. The pavement width of Wiliwili. Street from Kaumana Drive is 16 feet. A Traffic Impact Analysis Report (TIAR) was prepared for the proposed development project by AECOM in December 2009. The report indicates that the proposed development will add large volumes of traffic on the roadway system, particularly during the afternoon peak hour. The cumulative number of trips that will be generated at full build -out are estimated to be 2,146 a.m. and 4,761 p.m. peak hour trips. The TIAR recommends the following traffic improvements at project build -out to provide access to the project site and to improve the traffic circulation in the area (see Applicant's Appendix I). -14- a. Extend Ponahawai Street from Komohana Street to a stop -controlled T -intersection with Mohouli Street. b. Provide acceleration/deceleration lanes and a left -turn lane on Mohouli Street at the new cul-de-sac roadway stop -controlled T -intersection with Mohouli Street. C. Widen Ponahawai Street to a four lane roadway makai of the Komohana intersection. The study did not indicate how far makai the roadway should be widened. d. Widen Komohana Street to provide four through lanes from Waianuenue Avenue to Mohouli Street. e. Komohana Street — Waianuenue Avenue intersection: No mitigation recommended. f Komohana Street — Pu`uhonu Street/Project Access Road intersection: Signalize the intersection; provide an exclusive left -turn lane on northbound Komohana Street; provide an exclusive right -turn lane on southbound Komohana Street; provide exclusive left -turn lanes and shared through/right-turn lanes on the westbound and eastbound approaches of Pu`uhonu Place/Project Access Road. g. Komohana Street — Ponahawai Street intersection: Provide two left -turn lanes on northbound Komohana Street; provide a second left -turn lane and exclusive right - turn lane on southbound Komohana Street; provide shared though/right-turn lanes and an additional exclusive left -turn lane on eastbound and westbound Ponahawai Street/Ponahawai Street extension; provide two through lanes at the eastbound approach of the Ponahawai Street extension and an additional through lane at the westbound approach of Ponahawai Street. h. Komohana Street — Kukuau Street intersection: No changes recommended other than the additional through lanes on northbound and southbound Komohana Street due to widening the roadway to four lanes. Komohana Street — Mohouli Street intersection: Provide a second left -turn lane on the northbound and southbound Komohana Street and westbound Mohouli 15- Street approaches; provide second through lanes on westbound and eastbound Mohouli Street. j. Widen Mohouli Street to provide four through lanes from Komohana Street to Kukuau Street. k. Mohouli Street — Kukuau Street intersection: No mitigation recommended. 1. Mohouli Street—Ponahawai Street extension intersection: Provide a fully channelized intersection with a left -turn lane on Mohouli Street. M. Mohouli Street — Kaumana Drive — Ainako Avenue intersection: Provide a separate through lane and separate right -turn lane on the eastbound approach of Kaumana Drive. 27. Water: There is no existing water system on the property. Currently, the average daily consumption of water within the Hilo Water System is approximately 8.1 million gallons per day (MGD) and the combined maximum daily capacity of the system is approximately 18.7 MGD. The applicant estimates water consumption for the proposed development to be approximately 283,700 gallons per day. According to the Department of Water Supply (DWS), the Department's existing water facilities in the area of the proposed development have limited capacities. The development will require extensive on- and off-site water system improvements, including but not limited to, source, storage, booster pump, and transmission facilities. The Department of Water Supply requires the applicant submit a water master plan, showing the water system improvements needed for each phase of the project. Additionally, the applicant will be required to enter into a Water Development Agreement with the Water Board, before a water commitment for the project can be effected. The agreement will establish the scope of water system improvements required to serve the project, allocation of water to the project, duration of water commitments, timeline for completion, and payment of applicable facilities charges. According to DWS standards, interior waterlines serving the commercially - zoned areas must meet the minimum fire protection flow of 2,000 gallons per minute (gpm) at 20 psi residual pressure. Minimum fire protection flow is 1,500 gpm for multiple -family residential uses, and 1,000 gpm and 500 gpm for the small lot and large BG9 lot single-family residential uses, respectively. 28. Wastewater: The property is located in close proximity to the County sewer lines along Punahele Street to the north and at Komohana Street at Kukuau Street near the Sunrise Ridge Subdivision. The State Department of Health requires that all wastewater generated from the development be disposed into the County sewer system. According to the applicant, the project is anticipated to generate an average of approximately 299,000 gallons per day of wastewater flow. The existing Punahele Street sewer line is capable of handling the wastewater flows from the proposed Phase I and Phase 2 development. The applicant proposes three options for connecting to the County sewer system. The first option is to provide an approximately 1,690 linear foot sewer extension from the Punahele St — Komohana St intersection to the Ponahawai St — Komohana St intersection. This alignment provides the shortest route to the existing County sewer system but will likely require burying the new sewer pipe 30+ feet under the road surface due to the topography near the Komohana St - Pu'u Honu Place intersection. The second option is to provide a lift station(s) to pump sewer from the lower elevation into the Punahele St sewer line via Waipuna Place. The third option is to provide a new sewer line, approximately 5,260 linear feet in length, from the Keawe Street intersection up Ponahawai Street to the development. This alignment is more than three times the length of the first option but may be less expensive because the sewer line will be running in a shallow trench. According to the applicant, the Department of Environmental Management, Wastewater Division prefers the third option because it will also serve other properties along Ponahawai Street between Komohana Street and Keawe Street. 29. Solid Waste: Solid waste will be disposed of by private hauling contractors or individuals to approved transfer stations, the Hilo landfill site or the Pu`uanahulu landfill site when the Hilo landfill has reached capacity. The applicant estimates that the project at build out will generate approximately 10,000 pounds of solid waste per day. A Solid Waste Management Plan, approved by the Department of Environmental Management, will be implemented by the applicant to handle solid waste during construction and operation of the development. Programs for recycling and re -use will also be encouraged. -17- 30. Drainage: The Alenaio Stream and a second drainage way referred to as North Alenaio Stream traverse the property in a mauka-makai direction. Both of these drainage ways are shown as flood plains on the FEMA FIRM map and convey storm water under Komohana Street and toward Hilo Bay. The Alenaio Stream's 100 -year storm water flow was estimated in 1990 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to be 7,000 cubic feet per second (cfs). The 100 -year storm water flow within the North Alenaio Stream drainage way was estimated to be 400 cfs. Presently, off site storm water runoff generated mauka of the Mohouli Street Extension is directed through culverts into the Alenaio Stream drainage channel, and crosses the subject properties. Additional runoff from existing residential areas to the north enter the subject properties through a concrete lined open channel nearby and parallel to Omao Road. Previous studies indicate that approximately 250 cfs flows from the Omao Road channel. Storm runoff generated from the project site will be managed by roadside gutters, swales, culverts, storm drain pipes, open ditches and drywells. The development will comply with Hawaii County Code drainage requirements by retaining any increase in runoff due to the development on-site, based on a 10 -year storm design. Approximately 14 underground injection control (UIC) drywells (5 feet in diameter by 20+ feet deep) will be required for Phase 1, 80 for Phase 2, and 32 for Phase 3. Regulatory requirements for improvements to the Alenaio Stream drainage way may include, but are not limited to obtaining a Stream Channel Alteration Permit from the State Commission on Water Resource Management, obtaining a Department of the Army Section 404 Permit from the Army Corps of Engineers, complying with Section 401, State DOH, Clean Water Branch, and obtaining a Letter of FIRM Map Revision (LOMAR) from the County and FEMA. 31. Essential Utilities: Electricity, propane gas and telecommunication services can be made available to the site. According to HELLO, the existing Komohana electrical substation will not be adequate to serve the estimated project load of roughly I O,000kW, therefore the applicant will be required to deed land to HELCO for the construction of a new substation. Additionally, given that the existing distribution system along Komohana Street is not adequate to serve the development, new off-site and on-site distribution lines go will be needed. Propane gas tanks may be used, similar to those at the residences in Sunrise Ridge and existing medical facilities on Komohana Street. Telecommunication services can be provided by Verizon Hawaii and Sandwich Isles Communications Company. 32. Police, Fire and Medical Services: Police protection will be provided from the South Hilo District Station on Kapi`olani Street, which is less than a mile from the site. The station has 79 uniformed officers on three shifts according to the applicant. The Central Fire Station is located on Ponahawai Street near Kino'ole Street. According to the applicant, the station has one fire engine and one ambulance and each shift has an average of six firefighters. A second fire station, which provides fire, rescue and hazardous materials operations, is located on Kaumana Drive near Mohouli Street. Hilo Medical Center is located within a mile of the project site on Waianuenue Avenue. 33. Schools: Public schools in the South Hilo district include two high schools, three intermediate and eight elementary schools. The closest public schools are Hilo High and Intermediate, which are about a half mile to the northeast and DeSilva Elementary School located just to the west of the project site. According to the applicant, the project's 185 multiple- and single-family residential units will generate approximately 84 additional elementary through high school students. The University of Hawaii at Hilo Campus is located approximately two miles south of the property. 34. Parks: There are a number of public park facilities within a three-mile radius of the site, which include Wailuku River State Park, Carvalho Park, Mo`oheau and Bayfront Beach Park, Wailoa River State Recreational Area, Hoolulu Park in the civic center, Lokahi Park, University Park, Ainako Park and other smaller community parks. AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS' COMMENTS 35. Department of Water Supply: P.D. Exhibit 5 — March 10, 2010 memo 36. Department of Environmental Management: P.D. Exhibit 6 — February 8, 2010 memo 37. Fire Department: P.D. Exhibit 7 — February 9, 2010 memo 38. Police Department: P.D. Exhibit 8 —February 3, 2010 memo 19- 39. Office of Housing and Community Development: P.D. Exhibit 9 — February 9, 2010 40. Department of Health: P.D. Exhibit 10 — February 2, 2010 memo 41. Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR)- Engineering Division: P.D. Exhibit 11 — February 3, 2010 memo 42. DLNR- State Historic Preservation Division: P.D. Exhibit 12 — February 23, 2010 letter 43. HELCO: P.D. Exhibit 13 —March 2, 2010 letter AGENCIES - NO RESPONSE 44. Department of Public Works, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Education, Civil Defense Agency, Department of Parks and Recreation, Department of Transportation, Natural Resources Conservation Service. APPLICANT'S RESPONSE TO AGENCIES' COMMENTS 45. P.D. Exhibit 14 — February 22, 2010 and March 1, 2010 letters from Sidney Fuke, Planning Consultant to Planning Director. PUBLIC COMMENTS 46. None as of this writing. -20- COUNTY OF HAWAI6I ORDINANCE NO. STATE OF HAWAVI 04 144 BILL NO. 248 Draft T — AN ORDINANCE AMENDING SECTION 25-8-33 (CITY OF HILO ZONE MAP), ARTICLE 8, CHAPTER 25 (ZONING CODE) OF THE HAWAII COUNTY CODE, BY CHANGING THE DISTRICT CLASSIFICATION FROM AGRICULTURAL 1 -ACRE (A-Ia), NEIGHBORHOOD COMMERCIAL– 40,000 SQUARE FOOT (CN -40), SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL – 7,500 SQUARE FOOT AND 10,000 SQUARE FOOT (RS -7.5 AND RS -10) AND OPEN (0) TO PROJECT DISTRICT AT SOUTH HILO, HAWAI`l, COVERED BY TAX MAP KEY 2-3-44:19, 2-3-49:53 AND 2-3-37:1. BF IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAWAI`l: SECTION 1. Section 25-8-33, Article 8, Chapter 25 (Zoning Code) of the Hawaii County Code, is amended to change the district classification of property described hereinafter as Billows: The district classification of the following areas situated at South Hilo, Hawaii shall be Project District: LOT A: Beginning at the South corner of this parcel of land on the northeast side of Mohouli Street Extension, the coordinates of said point of beginning referred to Government Survey Triangulation Station "HALAL' being 3550.79 feet south and 3067.04 feet west and running by azimuths measured clockwise from true south: L 1190 41' 180.00 feet along Mohouli Street Extension; 2. 290 41' 30.00 feet along Mohouli Street Extension; 3. 1190 41' 170.00 feet along Mohouli Street Extension; 4. 290 41' 5.00 feet along Mohouli Street Extension; 5. 1190 41' 250.00 feet along Mohouli Street Extension; Planning Dept. Exhibit _2 6. 290 41' 5.00 feet along Mohouli Street Extension; 7. 1190 41 540.00 feet along Mohouli Street Extension; 8. 2090 41' 210.35 feet along Lots 75 to 78, inclusive of Kaumana Gardens Subdivision Unit 2, Pile Plan 935; 9. 2540 30' 368.44 feet along Lots 56-A, 56-13, and 3 of Crescent City Heights Subdivision; 10. 3240 40' 50.00 feet along Liko Lehua Street; H. . 540 40' 101.37 feet along Lot 58; 12. 3240 40' 363.00 feet along Lot 58; 13. 2340 40' 518.55 feet along Lots 58, 57, D, and C; 14. 1440 40' 262.53 feet along Lots C, B, and A; 15. 2540 30' 981.48 feet along Lots 35 to 47, inclusive and Lot 50 of Crescent City Heights Subdivision; 16. 1360 15' 200.00 feet along Lots 50 and 49 of Crescent City Heights Subdivision; 17. 2260 15' 50.00 feet along Wiliwili Street; 18. 1360 15' 5.98 feet along Wiliwili Street; 19. 2260 15' 325.00 feet along Roadway Lot and Lot 4; 20. 1360 15' 371.76 feet along Lots 4, Lot 60-E, Lot 59-E; 21. 2360 50' 289.92 feet along Lots 14, 15, 16, and 17; 22. 3160 15' 65.70 feet along Omao Street; 23. 2260 15' 50.00 feet along Omao Street; 24. 2430 20' 146.46 feet along Lot 26; 2 25. 1360 15' 525.97 feet along Lots 26, 25, 23, 21, and 19; 26. 2430 20' 1324.47 feet along Lot 17, HualiIiIi Street, Lots 18 and 20, Malanai Street, Lots 16 and 18, Spring Street, Lots 15 and 16, Hoomana Street and Lot 16; 27, 3040 00' 270.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; 28. 2270 00' 210.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; 29. 3170 00' 210.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; 30. 2270 00' 120.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; 31. 1990 02' 170.15 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; Thence along Komohana Street on a curve to the right with a radius of 1960.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 32. 3380 45' 59" 334.85 feet; 33. 730 40' 10.00 feet along Komohana Street; Thence along Komohana Street on a curve to the right with a radius of 1950.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 34. 3440 40' 68.06 feet; 35. 3450 40' 443.23 feet along Komohana Street; Thence along Lot B on a curve to the left with a radius of 32.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 36. 1200 40' 45.25 feet; 37. 750 40' 285.75 feet along Lot B; 38. 3450 40' 668.26 feet along the remainder of Lot B; 3 M 39. 2550 40' 334.33 feet along Lot B; Thence along Komohana Street on a curve to the left with a radius of 3040.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 40. 3400 26' 50" 153.56 feet; 41. 690 00' 5.00 feet along Komohana Street; Thence along Komohana Street on a curve to the left with a radius of 3045.00, the chord azimuth and distance being: 42. 3370 54' 45" 115.58 feet; 43. 640 20' 2302.53 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; 44. 300 00' 70.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; 45. 1560 00' 500.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; 46. 660 00' 400.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; 47. 3360 00' 450.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitram 48. 660 00' 700.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman to the point of beginning and containing an area of 112.129 Acres. LOT B: Beginning at the north corner of this parcel of land, also being the east corner of Lot 57 on the south side of Liko Lehua Street, the coordinates of said point of beginning referred to Government Survey Triangulation Station "HALAL" being 2769.81 feet south and 3573.93 feet west and running by azimuths measured clockwise from true south: F1 t. I . 3240 40' 363.00 feet along Lot 57; 2. 540 40' 120.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; 3. 1440 40' 363.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; 4. 2340 40' 120.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman and along Liko Lehua Street to the point of beginning and containing an area of 1.000 Acre. LOT C Beginning at the west corner of this parcel of land on the northeast side of Mohouli Street Extension, the coordinates of said point of beginning referred to Govenvnent Survey Triangulation Station "HALAI" being 3550.79 feet south and 3067.04 feet west and running by azimuths measured clockwise from true south: 1. 2460 00' 700.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; 2. 1560 00' 450.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; 3. 2460 00' 400.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; 4. 3360 00' 500.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pi0nan; 5. 2100 00' 70.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; 6. 2440 20' 2302.53 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; Thence along Komohana Street on a curve to the left with a radius of 3,045.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 7. 3350 46' 41" 111.27 feet; 5 8. 830 10' 67.64 feet along Lot 12 of Sunrise Ridge Subdivision Unit 1-B, File Plan 1693; Thence following along the middle of Alenaio Stream along Lot 14 of Sunrise Ridge Subdivision Unit 1-B, File Plan 1693, the direct azimuth and distance being. 9. 440 30' 155.00 feet; 1(1. 350 17' 960.00 feet along Lots 15, 16, 20, and 21 of Sunrise Ridge Subdivision Unit I -B and Lots 27 and 20, inclusive of Sunrise Ridge Subdivision Unit 2-13, File Plan 1693; H. 590 01' 27" 1633.86 feet along Government Land; 12. 650 46' 26" 260.53 feet along Government Land; 13. 1190 41' 199.44 feet along Mohouli Street Extension: 14. 2090 41' 25.00 feet along Mohouli Street Extension; 15. 1190 41' 750.00 feet along Mohouli Street Extension to the point of beginning and containing an area of 45.287 Acres. strytli�, Beginning at the southeast comer of this parcel of land on the southwest side of Komohana Street, the coordinates of said point of beginning referred to Government Survey Triangulation Station "HALAP' being 1837.52 feet south and 21.68 feet west and running by azimuths measured clockwise from true south: I . 750 40' 334.33 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; 2. 1650 40' 668.26 feet along the remainder of Lot B; 3. 2550 40' 285.75 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; M ti Thcnce following along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman on a curve to the right with a radius of 32.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 4. 3000 40' 45.25 feet; 5. 3450 40' 12.24 feet along Komohana Street; 6. 2550 40' 10.00 feet along Komohana Street; 7. 3450 40' 73.40 feet along Komohana Street; S. 540 00' 1 1.48 feet along Komohana Street; 9. 100 30' 18.00 feet along Komohana Street; 10. 3330 00' 83.14 feet along Komohana Street; 11. 3450 40' 248.93 feet along Komohana Street: Thence along Komohana Street on a curve to the left with a radius of 3040.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 12. 3430 46' 50" 200.11 feet to the point of beginning and containing an area of 5.000 Acres. LOT E Beginning at the north corner of this parcel of land, also being the east corner of Lot 2 on the southwest side of Komohana Street, the coordinates of said point of beginning referred to Government Survey Triangulation Station "HALAI" being 109.52 feet north and 797.67 feet west and running by azimuths measured clockwise from true south: t. 3200 40' 42.10 feet along Komohana Strcet; 2. 500 40' 10.00 feet along Komohana Street: 3. 3200 40' 146.28 feet along Komohana Street; 4. 500 40' 5.00 feet along Komohana Street; YI Thence along Komohana Street on a curve to the right with a radius of 1945.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 5. 3220 51' 30" 148.76 feet; 6. 23.50 03' 10.00 feet along Komohana Street; Thence along Komohana Street on a curve to the right with a radius of 1955.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 7. 3260 50' 30" 122.25 feet; 8. 2380 38' 5.00 feet along Komohana Street; Thence along Komohana Street on a curve to the right with a radius of 1960.00 feet. the chord azimuth and distance being: 9. 3310 14' 59" 178.94 feet; 10. 190 02' 170.15 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; 11. 470 00' 120.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 2.52 to Benjamin Pitman; 12. 1370 00' 210.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; 13. 470 00' 210.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; 14. 1240 00' 270.00 feet along the remainder of Grant 252 to Benjamin Pitman; 15. 1530 14' 30" 100.63 feet along Lot 16; 16. 1360 15' 120.00 feet along Lots 15 and 14; 17. 2260 15' 125.00 feet along Lot 17; 18. 1360 15' 60.00 feet along Lot 17; 19. 2260 1.5' 165.00 feet along Waipuna Place and Lit 10; H 20. 3160 15' 5.00 feet along Lot I I, 21. 2320 49' 135.25 feet along Lots I I and 12; 22. 3220 49' 5.00 fed along Lot 1; 23. 2320 49' 184.44 feet along Lots I and 2 to the point of beginning and containing an area of 8.088 Acres. All as shown on the map attached hereto, marked Exhibit "A" and by reference made a part hereof. SECTION 2. In accordance with Section 25-2-44, Hawai'i County Code, the County Council finds the following conditions are: (1) Necessary to prevent circumstances which may be adverse to the public health, safety and welfare; or (2) Reasonably conceived to fulfill needs directly emanating from the land use proposed with respect to: (A) Protection of the public from the potentially deleterious effects of the proposed use, or (B) Fuifillmen(of the need for public service demands created by the proposed use. A. The applicant, successors or assigns shall be responsible for complying with all of the stated conditions of approval. B. This project area shall be called the University Terrace Project District. C. The University Terrace Project District shall consist of not more than 172 acres for single-family and multi -family residential, office and retail commercial, open space and recreational uses, and ancillary related improvements. 2 D. The maximum number of residential units allowed shall be 500 units, which includes a maximum of 150 multi -family residential units. E. The maximum square footage of the commercial and office uses shall be 180,000 square feet. No single commercial business may contain more than 45,000 square feet in gross floor arca. F. The minimum lot size for single-family residential units shall be 7,500 square feet. G. A minimum of 49 acres shall be used for open space and recreational uses. H. The uses disclosed in the application, as listed below, and those required as conditions to this Ordinance will be allowed in the University Terrace Project District. The provision of other uses not listed will require an amendment to this Project District Ordinance. All uses allowed as a matter of right in the RS, RM and CN zoned districts. 2.' Open space and recreational uses, including ball fields, linear park, and pedestrian and bikeways. 3. Infrastructure improvements. 1. A detailed Master Plan of the Project District, which includes the location and number of residential lots and units, commercial uses, open space and recreational areas, pedestrian and bikeways, landscaping, parking, and other related 10 improvements on the property, shall be submitted to the Planning Director within one year from concurrence of a Drainage Master Plan cited in Condition BB, or prior to submission of plans for plan approval or subdivision approval, whichever occurs first. Prior to any construction, a landscaped buffer shall be established and planted along the north boundary of the project where commercial or multi- family residential uses are proposed, which conforms to specifics determined through the landscaping master plan, in consultation with the neighboring residents and the applicant. Commercial uses and multi -family buildings shall be .no closer than 200' from existing residential lots adjoining the Project District. n landscaping buffer shall be utilized between commercial buildings, multi -family units and single-family residential units. a. The commercial area shall be located as far awayas possible from existing neighborhoods. The multi -family units shall be used as buffers or "block walls" around commercial areas to mitigate noise and other negative ambient conditions that are associated with commercial activity. All the machinery, operational equipment for said commercial area and multi- family units and parking shall be located in the space between the two areas to further mitigate noise, odors, etc., for the surrounding development and existing neighborhoods. The applicant shall comply with the Department of Water Supply's rules and regulations that shall include entering into a water development agreement. The applicant shall also construct all water system improvements as required by the Department of Water Supply through its standards. These improvements may include but not be limited to additional source, transmission, storage and booster pump facilities. K. The applicant shall pay applicable water commitment deposits in accordance with the water commitment guideline policy to the Department of Water Supply within ninety (90) days from the effective date of the project district ordinance. L. Construction of the proposed multi-tamily residential and commercial developments shall commence within five (5) years of the effective date of the Project District Ordinance. Construction of an extension of Ponahawai Street from Komohana Street to Mohouli Street and related intersection improvements shall commence within five (5) years of the effective date of the Project District Ordinance, and shall be completed within ten (10) years of the effective date of the Project District Ordinance, or before issuance ofa Certificate or Occupancy for any structure within the Project District, or before Final Subdivision Approval for any residential subdivision within the Project District, whichever occurs first. Completion of construction may be assured by a sufficient surety bond, meeting with the approval of the Department of Public Works and Office of Corporation Counsel. Final Plan Approval shall be secured in accordance with the requirements of the Chapter 25 (Zoning Code), Hawaii County Code, prior to the commencement of construction of the stated uses. Development plans shall identity existing and proposed structures, fire protection measures, paved driveway accesses and parking stalls, and other improvements associated with the proposed uses. Landscaping shall be included in the development plans to mitigate any potential adverse noise or visual impacts to adjacent properties in accordance with the Planning Department's Rule No. 17 (Landscaping Requirements). M. The following design standards shall apply: An overall landscaping master plan for the project area shall be prepared and submitted to the Planning Director for review and approval prior to the 12 issuance of Final Plan Approval for any portion of the proposed development. The goals of the landscaping master plan shall be to (1) visually filter parking areas from adjacent roadways and properties, (2) ensure that buildings are framed in settings that include trees, shade parking areas, and moderate the overall appearance of parking areas, (3) create a landscaped area long the Komohana Street and Mohouli Extension and roads adjoining the project area, and (4) visually filter the view of the project area from the Komohana Street, where topography provides extensive views into the project area from Hilo -bound motorists on Mohouli Extension. To achieve these goals, the landscaping master plan, at a minimum shall (I ) require landscaping of all slopes from the Mohouli Extension, the proposed Ponahawai Street Extension, and Komohana Street to the parking areas, (2) screen parking areas from the Mohouli Extension, and proposed Ponahawai Street Extension using hedges, berms, or other visual buffers, except where slopes create an effective visual barrier, and (3) make extensive use of trees. The standards of Planning Department Rule 17, at minimum, shall apply. The height limit for structures within the project shall not exceed the following: a. Single-family Residential Development: thirty-five (35) feet. b. Multi -family Residential Development: thirty-five feet (two stories), provided approval is granted by the Planning Director as part of the approval of the site plan in accordance with Section 25- 6-46, Chapter 25 (Zoning Code), Hawaii County Code. 13 C. Office and Retail Commercial Development: forty (40) feet, provided approval is granted by the Planning Director as part of the approval of the site plan in accordance with Section 25-6-46, Chapter 25 (Zoning Code), Hawaii County Code. 3. The minimum yards (setback) shall be as follows: a. Single-family Residential Development: (1) On a building site with an area of 7,500 square feet to and including 9,999 square feet: (a) Front and rear yards: 15 feet; and (h) Side yards: 8 feet for a one-story building, 10 feet for a two-story building. (2) On a building site with an area of 10,000 square feet to and including 19,999 square feet: (a) Front and rear yards: 20 feet; and (b) Side yards: 10 feet. (3) On a building site with an area of 20,000 square feet or more: (a) Front and rear yards: 25 feet; and (b) Side yards: 15 feet. 14 b. Multi -family Residential Development: (1) Front and rear yards: 20 feet; and (2) Side yards: 8 feet for a one-story building, 10 feet for a two-story building. C. Office and Retail Commercial Development: (1) Front and rear yards: 15 feet; and (2) Side yards: none, except where the side yard adjoins the side yard of a building site used for purposes allowed in RS or RM zones, the yard setback appropriate for the RS or RM district shall be used. 4. The minimum off-street parking and loading space requirements of Chapter 25, Hawaii County Code shall be complied with. The American Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements shall also be complied with. N. All project utility lines shall be underground. O. Sewer lines shall be installed within the development to connect with the Counlys sewer system, meeting with the approval of the Department of Environmental Management, and prior to the issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy. P. The extension of Ponahawai Street to Mohouli Street (referred to hereafter as the "Ponahawai Sheet extension") shall be a minimum right-of-way width of sixty 15 (60) feet and built to County dedicable standards, including the provision of' curbs, gutters, sidewalks, and bike paths and be built on an alignment meeting with the approval of the Department of Public Works. Upon its completion, the roadway shall be dedicated at no cost to the County. Q. The Ponahawai Street extension shall be the only roadway access allowed from Komohana Street or from Mohouli Street. The location and design of the roadway access with Komohana Street and Mohouli Street shall meet with the approval of the Department of Public Works. R. The following improvements (#1 through #6) shall be made by the applicant concurrently with the completion of the Ponahawai Street extension: Provide separate left -tum, through, and right -turn lanes on makai bound Ponahawai Street extension at Komohana Street. 2. Widen Komohana Street to provide exclusive lett-tum and right -turn lanes to the Ponahawai Street extension in the northbound and southbound directions, respectively. 3. Modify the traffic signal system at the intersection of Ponahawai Street and Komohana Street to include the Ponahawai Street extension. 4. Provide stop control on Ponahawai Street to Mohouli Street, with separate left -turn and right -tum lanes to Mohouli Street. 5. Widen Mohouli Street at Ponahawai Street to provide an exclusive left -turn lane and a median shelter lane in the makai bound direction. 16 6. Widen the mauka leg of Mohouli Street to provide a mauka bound auxiliary acceleration lane to mitigate the LOS T" condition on right -turn movement from Ponahawai Street, during the PM peak hour with the proposed project. The following improvements (97 through #1 1) shall be made by the applicant, according to it schedule meeting with the approval of the Department of Public Works: Widen the northwest bound approach of Mohouli Street to provide dual left -tum lanes to mauka bound Kaurnana Drive. Widen the mauka leg of Kaumana Drive to provide an auxiliary merging lane in the mauka bound direction. 9. Modify the traffic signal system to provide a protected left -turn phase on Mohouli Street. 10. Widen westbound Mohouli Street to provide dual left -turn lanes to southbound Komohana Street. 11. Modify the traffic signal system to provide a protected left -turn phase on westbound Mohouli Street from Komohana Street. S. All accesses to the property shall meet with the approval of the Department of Public Works. No more than two vehicular accesses from existing streets in the Kaumana arca maybe allowed or required by the Planning Director, in consultation with the Department of Public Works, provided that such connection shall be for emergency access only. A barricade shall be placed at the terminus of the existing streets and the newly constructed streets, such barriers shall be paid for by the applicant and approved by the Department of Public Works. 17 T. No lots shall have direct access from either Komohana Street or Mohouli Street. Further, no single-family residential lots shall have direct access from the Ponahawai Street Extension and other proposed arterial streets. U. Unless otherwise specified by the Planning Director in consultation with the Department of Public Works, all streets within the project shall be constructed to dedicable standards, including the provision of curbs, gutters and sidewalks. V. Duct lines for future traffic signals shall be installed at the intersection of Ponahawai and Mohouli Streets meeting with the approval of the Department of Public Works. W. Streetlights and traffic control devices shall be installed as required bythe Department of Public Works. X. A revised Traffic Impact Analysis Report (TZAR) certified by a licensed engineer shall be submitted prior to receipt of a Certificate of Occupancyor Final Subdivision Approval for the project, whichever occurs first. All additional mitigation measures called for in the revised TZAR shall he implemented. Y. Because of potential roadway noise, there shall be a minimum 70 -trot setback from the Komohana Street right-of-way, and a 90 -foot setback from the Mohouli Street right-of-way, for any residential structures. Z. A minimum five -acre area, meeting with the approval of the Planning Director and the Department of Parks and Recreation, shall be developed as a passive neighborhood park prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy for any multi -family residential development, or the occupancyof any single-family im homes. The park shall include a restroom facility. The park may be dedicated to the County of Hawaii or retained in private ownership, but in either case, shall he made open to the general public. AA. To ensure that the Goals and Policies of the Housing Element of the General Plan are implemented, the applicant shall comply with the requirements of Chapter I I. Article 1, Hawaii County Code, relating to Affordable Housing Policy. This requirement shall be approved by the County Housing Agency prior to issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy for the multi -family residential development or the occupancy of the first single-family dwelling, whichever occurs first. BB. All development -generated runoff shall be disposed of on-site and shall not be directed toward any adjacent properties. A Drainage Master Plan certified by a licensed engineer, shall be prepared and submitted to the Department of Public Works for concurrence prior to the submittal of the Project District Master Plan. prior to issuance of Final Plan Approval or Final Subdivision Approval, whichever occurs first. The Drainage Master Plan shall address the difference between the Corps of Engineers and FEMA mapping of the Alenaio Stream flood plain. The applicant shall pay for the hiring of an engineer by the County of Hawaii to independently evaluate the completed Drainage Plan. The applicant shall propose any changes to the FEMA Maps that are shown as warranted by the detailed Drainage Master Plan, unless a letter of map revision has alreadybeen approved. Drainage improvements shall be constructed, meeting with the approval of the Department of Public Works. The applicant shall maintain the two major floodways free of debris and obstructions, including trees that could be uprooted and clog the culverts during storms. The subject property shall continue to accommodate existing drainage from the Crescent City Heights Subdivision, Omao Street Subdivision, Kaumana Gardens Subdivision and the Hilo Boarding School Ditch. 19 CC. Any construction within the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) designated flood zones shall conform to Chapter 27, Flood Control, of the Hawaii County Code. DD. There shall be no construction of residential structures and related improvements or other substantial buildings, or subdivision roads (unless the roads are protected from flooding in a manner meeting with the approval of the Department of Public Works) within areas designated Zone "AE" or "A" on the Flood Insurance Rate Map. Restrictive covenants in the deeds of all lots shall give notice of the terms of this rezoning condition. This restriction may be removed by amendment orthis Project District Ordinance by the County Council. A copy of the proposed covenant(s) to be recorded with the State of Hawaii Bureau of Conveyances shall be submitted to the Planning Director for review and approval prior to issuance of Final Subdivision Approval. A copy of the recorded document shall be tiled with the Planning Department upon its receipt from the Bureau of Conveyances. No residential lots maybe created which lack a buildable area. As represented bythe applicant, the main Alenaio Stream drainageway shall be kept as an open space area, except for drainage improvements which maybe required pursuant to the Drainage Plan, and park improvements, including bicycle and pedestrian paths. EE. An Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan shall be submitted for review by the Planning Department in consultation with the Fire Department, Police Department, Department of Public Works and the Civil Defensc Agency prior to the issuance of a Certi Beate of Occupancy for any residential unit. The plan shall be limited to a review of the emergency road network, emergency contact people or association, and use of the emergency evacuation shelter or shelters as required below. 20 FF. The applicant, in conjunction with the Civil Defense Agency, shall designate appropriate commercial units within the Project District for use as an emergency evacuation shelter or shelters, which shall be operated in accordance with Civil Defense Agency policies and procedures. GG. All earthwork activity, including grading and grubbing, shall conform to Chapter 10, Erosion and Sedimentation Control, of the Hawaii County Code. HH. The applicant shall contact the U.S. Department of Army Corps of Engineers to identify whether a Federal permit is required for any possible work involving the discharge of fill material into wetlands or Alenaio Strcam. II. The applicant shall contact the State Department of Health as to whether a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) general pen -nit is required for this project. One or more siltation basins maybe incorporated into a water quality plan to prevent further degradation of the water quality of Hilo Bay or the Wailoa Estuary. These and other pollution prevention measures maybe incorporated if deemed necessary by the State of Hawaii, Department of Health. JJ. A Solid Waste Management Plan shall be prepared and submitted to the Department of Environmental Management for review and approval prior to the issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy. KK. An archaeological inventory survey of TMK: 2-2-37:1 shall be conducted and the findings submitted to the Department of Land and Natural Resources - State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR — SHPD) prior to any construction or land disturbance activity on this eight -acre parcel. 21 LL. An archaeological mitigation plan, which includes data recovery and preservation components, shall be prepared for the archaeological site identified as Site 14947 (portion of Hilo Boarding School and Old Mission Ditch). This plan shall be approved by DLNR — SHPD and the Planning Director. The plan shall be implemented prior to issuance of a grading or grubbing permit. MM. Should any unidentified sites or remains such as artifacts, shell, boric, or charcoal deposits, human burials, rock or coral alignments, pavings or walls he encountered, work in the immediate area shall cease and the Department of land and Natural Resources — State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) shall be immediately notified. Subsequent work shall proceed upon an archaeological clearance from the SHPD when it is found that sufficient mitigation measures have been taken. NN. Pu'u Honu shall be preserved as a natural feature. 00. The applicant shall make its fair share contribution to mitigate the potential regional impacts of the subject property with respect to parks and recreation, tire, police, solid waste disposal facilities and roads. The fair share contribution shall become due and payable prior to final plan approval of that phase of the increment to be developed. The fair share contribution in a fonr of cash, land, facilities or any combination thereof shall be determined by the County Council. The fair share contribution may be adjusted annually begdnning three years atter the effective date of this ordinance, based on the percentage change in the Honolulu Consumer Price Index (HCPJ). In lieu of paying the fair share contribution, the applicant may contribute land, and/or construct improvements/facilities related to parks and recreation, fire, police, solid waste disposal facilities and roads within the repon impacted by the proposed development, subject to the review and recommendation of the Planning Director, upon consultation with the appropriate 22 agencies and approval of the Hawaii County Council The applicant shall be given credit against the fair share assessment for any improvements to the road system in the immediate vicinity (Komohana Street, Mohouli Street, and Katunana Drive) to mitigate deficiencies that would have occurred without the project, as identified in the revised TZAR. The fair share contribution shall have a maximum combined value of $9,671.44 per single-family residential unit and $6,078.25 per multi -family residential unit. The total amount shall be increased or reduced in proportion with the actual number of units according to the calculation and payment provisions set forth in this condition. The fair share contribution per single-family residential unit shall be allocated as follows: I . $4,663.74 per single-family residential unit to the County to support park and recreational improvements and facilities; 2. $224.98 per single-family residential unit to the County to support police facilities; 3. $444.36 per single-family residential unit to the County to support fire facilities; 4. $194.55 per single-family residential unit to the County to support solid waste facilities; 5. $4,143.81 per single-family residential unit to the State or County to support road and traffic improvements. The fair share contribution per multi -family residential unit shall be allocated as follows: 23 I. $2,998.18 per multi -family residential unit to the County to support park and recreational improvements and facilities; 2. $94.76 per multi -family unit to the County to support police facilities; 3. $291.48 per multi -family unit to the County to support fire facilities; 4. $129.92 per multi -family unit to the County to support solid waste facilities; 5. 52,563.91 per multi -family unit to the State or County to support road and traffic improvements; PP. Should the Council adopt a Unified Impact Fees Ordinance setting forth criteria for imposition of exaction or the assessment of impact fees, conditions included herein shall be credited towards the requirements of the Unified Impact Fees Ordinance. QQ. The applicant shall comply with all applicable County, State and Federal laws, rules, regulations and requirements. RR. An annual progress report shall be submitted to the Planning Director prior to the anniversary date of the approval of this Project District Ordinance. The report shall include, but not be limited to, the status of the development and the extent to which the conditions of approval are being satisfied. This condition shall remain in effect until all of the conditions of approval have been satisfied and the Planning Director acknowledges that further reports are not required. 24 SS. An initial extension of time for the perfomtance of conditions within the ordinance may be granted by the Planning Director upon the following circumstances: (1) The non-performance is the result of conditions that could not have been foreseen or arc beyond the control of the applicant, successors or assigns, and that are not the result of their fault or negligence. (Z) Granting of the time extension would not be contrary to the General Plan or Zoning Code. (3) Granting of the time extension would not be contrary to the original reasons for the granting of the Project District. (4) The time extension granted shall be for a period not to exceed the period originally granted for pertonnance (i.e.. a condition to be performed within one year may be extended for up to one additional year). (5) If the applicant should require an additional extension of time, the Planning Department shall submit the applicant's request to the County Council for appropriate action. Should any of the foregoing conditions not be met or substantially complied with in a timely fashion, the Planning Director may initiate rezoning of the area to it original or more appropriate designation. SECTION 3. In the event that any portion of this ordinance is declared invalid, such invalidity shall not affect the other parts of this ordinance. W I SECTION 4. This ordinance shall take effect upon its approval. INTRODUCED BY: c G w� L COU CIL M BG , CO TY OF f WAl'l Kona . Hawai'i Date of Introduction: November 10, 2004 Date of I st Reading: November 10, 2004 Date of 2nd Reading: November 24, 2004 Effective Date: December S, 2004 R[, E-R2NC_". Comm. 560.46 26 OFFICE OF THE COUNTY CLERK County of Hawaii Kona , Hawaii Introduced liv: _Leningrad Elarionoff Dale Introduced: November 10, 2004 First Readinx: November 10, 2004 Published: November 21, 2004 Second Reading: November 24, 2004 10Mayor: November 29, 2004 Returned: December 9, 2004 EI'fcctive: Decembpr R,_2004 Published: -December--15 , 2004 I?/- IL I K,lS: (Draft 5) ROLL CALL VOTE AYFS NOES ABS HX Arakaki X Chung X Elarionoff X Holschuh X Jacobson X Reynolds X Safarik X X ---- -- Tulang -X --- ----- Tyler X Tyler X Draft 6 KULL CALL VU rE AYES NOES ABS EX Arakaki X Chung X Elarionoff X Holschuh X Jacobson X Reynolds X Safarik X Tulang X Tyler X G- I DO IIF -REB)' CER17FY that the foregoing BILL was adopted by the County Council published us indicated ahare. APPROVED AS TO FORM AND LETY: 'OUNC'TL CHAIRMAN ELZ'UTY CORPORATION COUNSEL COUNTY OF HAWAII Date 4l. .Ipprurn )i.cuyprnrtd lln.+� � -- o/ _ Dtcvm btr 20 i ;,VTI all' AWAlI b&UTY COUNTY CLERK Bill No.: 248 (Draft 6) elgi' Reference: C-560.46/PC-117 Ord: 04 144 //tura,', Covw), is un Eepud Oppornumrp, Provider and Panphnwr Division 4. Project Districts (PD) Section 25-6-40. Purpose and applicability. The project district (PD) development is intended to provide for a flexible and creative planning approach rather than specific land use designations, for quality developments. It will also allow for flexibility in location of specific uses and mixes of structural alternatives. The planning approach would establish a continuity in land uses and designs while providing for a comprehensive network of infrastructural facilities and systems. A variety of uses as well as open space, parks, and other project uses are intended to be in accord with each individual project district objective. A project district is an amendment to*this chapter which changes the district boundaries in accordance with the individual project district. (1996, Ord. No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-6-41. Criteria for establishing a project district. A project district may be established as an amendment to this chapter whenever the public necessity and convenience and the general welfare require that a comprehensive planning approach for an area should be adopted in order to establish a continuity in land uses and designs while providing a comprehensive network of infrastructural facilities and systems. In addition, a project district may only be established if the proposed district: (1) Is consistent with the intent and purpose of this chapter and the County general plan; and (2) Will not result in a substantial adverse impact upon the surrounding area, community or region. (1996, Ord. No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-6-42. Minimum land area required. The minimum land area required for a project district shall be fifty acres. (1996, Ord. No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-6-43. Permitted uses. Any uses permitted either directly or conditionally in the RS, RD, RM, RCX, CN, CG, CV or V districts shall be permitted in a project district; provided, that each of the proposed uses and the overall densities for residential and hotel uses shall be contained in a master plan for the project district and in the project district enabling ordinance. . (1996, Ord. No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-6-44. Application for project district; requirements. (a) An application for a project district may be filed by a property owner or any other person with the property owner's consent. The application shall be on a form prescribed for this purpose by the director and shall be accompanied by: (1) A filing fee of $5,000. (2) A description of the property in sufficient detail to determine its precise location. (3) A master conceptual plan of the property, showing the project district boundaries and the land uses and acreage of land involved. (4) A description of the proposed project district, including land uses, densities, infrastructural requirements, and development standards. (5) A description of each of the open space areas proposed for the project district for cultural and/or environmental purposes, including those open space areas preserved because of natural hazards. (6) A metes and bounds description of the property prepared by a surveyor. (7) A list of the names, addresses and tax map key numbers for those property owners and lessees of record of surrounding properties who are required to receive notice under section 25-2-4. (8) A County environmental report; provided that a County environmental report shall not be required where an environmental impact statement or an environmental assessment and negative declaration have been prepared and issued in compliance with chapter 343, Hawaii Revised Statutes, as amended. Planning Dept. Exhibit 3 (9) Any other plans or information required by rules adopted by the director in accordance with chapter 91, Hawaii Revised Statutes. (b) Within ten days after filing an application for a project district, the applicant shall serve notice of the application on surrounding owners and lessees of record as provided by section 25-2-4. The applicant shall also post a sign for public notification on the property as provided by section 25-2-12. (c) Within one hundred twenty days after a project district application has been accepted by the director, the director shall forward the application to the commission, together with the director's recommendation on the proposed project district, and together with a proposed project district ordinance which establishes the project district and provides project district standards and conditions, including permitted land uses, accessory uses, densities, heights, setbacks, and variances from the requirements of this chapter, and from chapter 23 (subdivision control), if applicable, as contained in the master conceptual plan for the project district. (d) The commission shall review any project district application and shall forward its recommendation on the application to the council through the mayor for the council's consideration and action. (1) In reviewing the application, the commission shall hold at least one public hearing in the district in which the proposed project district is located. The commission shall provide reasonable notice of the date of the hearing to the applicant. The commission shall also publish notice of the hearing in accordance with the requirements of this chapter. (2) Within ten days after receiving notice of the date of the public hearing, the applicant shall serve notice of the hearing on surrounding owners and lessees of record as provided by section 25-2-4. The applicant shall also serve notice on owners and lessees of record of interests in other properties which the commission may find to be directly affected by the proposed project district. (3) Within ninety days after receipt of the application from the director, unless a longer period is agreed to by the applicant, the commission shall transmit the proposed project district ordinance together with its recommendation thereon through the mayor to the council. The commission shall recommend approval in whole or in part, with or without modifications, or rejection of such proposal. (1996, Ord. No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999; Am. 2005, Ord. No. 05-136, sec. 8.) Section 25-6-45. Conditions imposed on project district. (a) The council may impose conditions on the use of the property subject to the project district, provided the council finds that the conditions are: (1) Necessary to prevent circumstances which may be adverse to the public health, safety and welfare; or (2) Reasonably conceived to fulfill needs directly emanating from the land uses proposed with respect to protection of the public from the potentially deleterious effects of the proposed uses, or fulfillment of the need for public service demands created by the proposed uses. (b) In addition to the conditions described in subsection (a), the council shall include the following conditions in any project district ordinance: (1) A description of each of the uses proposed in the project district; (2) The overall densities for the residential and hotel uses established in the project district; (3) Any infrastructure requirements for the project district; and (4) Any open space requirements for the project district. (1996, Ord. No. 96-160, see. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-6-46. Review and approval of site plans. (a) After adoption of a project district enabling ordinance, the applicant shall submit to the director detailed site plans for the project district development. The site plans shall conform to the project district enabling ordinance and shall include the following: (1) Plans for required infrastructure improvements; (2) All items required for a plan approval application, as provided by section 25-2-72; and (3) Any other information required by rules adopted by the director in accordance with chapter 91, Hawaii Revised Statutes. (b) Within sixty days after acceptance of the site plans, the director shall either deny or approve the plans. (c) The director may approve site plans for a project district only if the applicant has complied with all of the conditions contained in the project district enabling ordinance and the site plans conform to the standards contained in the project district enabling ordinance. The director may approve the site plans subject to conditions, or the director may approve the site plans subject to certain changes when, in the director's opinion, such conditions or changes are necessary to carry out the purposes of the project district, this chapter and the considerations contained in section 25-6-47. (d) If the director fails to render a decision on the site plans within the prescribed period, the site plans shall be considered approved without further certification by the director. (1996, Ord. No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-6-47. Review criteria and conditions of approval. In reviewing site plans for a project district, the director shall consider the proposed development and uses in relation to the surrounding properties, improvements, streets, traffic, community characteristics, and natural features, and may require conditions or changes to assure: (1) Adequate light and air, proper siting and arrangements of all structures and improvements are provided; (2) Existing and prospective traffic movements will not be hindered; (3) Proper landscaping is provided that is commensurate with the development or use and its surroundings; (4) Unsightly areas are properly screened or eliminated; (5) Adequate off-street parking is provided to serve the development or use; (6) Access to the parking areas will not create potential accident hazards; and (7) Within reasonable limits, any natural and man-made features of community value are preserved. (1996, Ord. No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-6-48. Construction in conformity with approved site plans. Every structure, development and use contained in site plans for a project district approved by the director shall be constructed and developed in accordance with the terns, specifications and conditions of approval for those site plans. (1996, Ord. No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-6-49. Plan approval issued by approval of site plans. Plan approval shall be considered issued when site plans for a project district are approved by the director, as provided by sections 25-6-46 and 25-6-47, and no further action is required for the issuance of plan approval under this chapter. (1996, Ord. No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-6-49.1. Amendments. Any amendment to the conditions and standards contained in a project district enabling ordinance shall be processed in the same manner as the project district enabling ordinance, unless the council in the project district enabling ordinance authorizes the amendments to be made by the director. A request for any amendment shall be submitted in writing to the director, in lieu of the application required for a project district. The request shall be accompanied by a filing fee of $250. (1996, Ord. No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-6-49.2. Appeal of director's actions on project district site plans. Any person aggrieved by the decision of the director in the issuance of a decision regarding project district site plans may appeal the director's action to the board of appeals, in accordance with its rules, within thirty days after the written decision is issued by the director. (1996, Ord. No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) A -20o 1y rc L HUA S C, RJ I_Q' 00a� Fes R S- r DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY • COUNTY OF HAWAII 345 KEKUANAO'A STREET, SUITE 20 • HILO, HAWAI'I 96720 TELEPHONE (808) 961-8050 • FAX (808) 961-8657 March 10, 2010 TO: Ms. BJ Leithead-Todd, Planning Director Planning Department FROM: Milton D. Pavao, Manager SUBJECT: CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 10-000117) REQUEST: PROJECT DISTRICT (UNIVERSITY TERRACE) TO PROJECT DISTRICT (WAILANI) APPLICANT: WAILANI DEVELOPMENT, LLC TAX MAP KEY 2-3-044:019; 2-3-049:053; 2-3-037:001 We have reviewed the subject application and have the following comments and conditions. 77 -,0 The Department's existing water system facilities in the area of the proposed project development have limited capacities. The project will require extensive on and off site water system improvements, including, but not limited to, source, storage, booster pump, and transmission facilities. Notwithstanding, the Department has no objections to the proposed project, subject to the following. The following is provided relative to the applicant's Environmental Report (ER): - The Department no longer uses the `Ola`a Flume as a primary source of water for the Hilo Water System. It serves as an emergency back up source in the event that our Saddle Road Well becomes inoperable. - Currently, the average daily consumption within the Hilo Water System is approximately 8.1 million gallons per day (MGD) and the combined maximum daily capacity of the system is approximately 18.7 MGD. The ER indicated the average daily usage and capacity of the system at 6.0 MGD and over 20 MGD, respectively. - Provide the estimated average daily water demand for the proposed 7.5 acre Puu Honu passive open space (Phase 1) and 6.0 acre open space (Phase 2). - Revise or provide a breakdown of the estimated average daily water demand for the proposed 6.9 acre park. The ER estimates a demand of 1,200 gallons per day (GPD); however, our Water System Standards estimate 4,000 GPD per acre for park land uses, which equates to 27,600 GPD. Further, the applicant shall be informed of the following: A water master plan, showing the water system improvements needed for each phase of the project is required. 2. Pursuant to Rule 5 of the Department's Rules and Regulations, the applicant will be required to enter into a Planning Dept. SCANNED Exhibi Alf916...Water, Our Most Precious Resource ... mane ... B e P. I Ms. BJ Leithead-Todd, Planning Director Page 2 March 10, 2010 Water Development Agreement ("Agreement") with the Water Board, before a water commitment for the project can be effected, as the estimated maximum daily water demand for the project will exceed 120,000 GPD. The Agreement will establish, but not be limited to, the scope of water system improvements required to serve the project, allocation of water to the project, duration of water commitments, timeline for completion, and payment of.applicable facilities charges. 3. Although the applicant will need to develop an offsite water source, the Department may not be able to allow the drilling and outfitting of a privately developed well within the Department's Piihonua Reservoir No. 2 site, as stated in the ER. The applicant will have to pursue the acquisition of a site in the service area. Should there be any questions, please contact Mr. Finn McCall of our Water Resources and Planning Branch at 961-8070, extension 255. FM:dfg copy— Sidney Fake, Planning Consultant Wailani Development, LLC t r, P.E. • William P. Kenai Mayor William T. Takaba Managing Director MEMORANDUM Lono A. Tyson Director Ivan M. Torigoe Deputy Director CIIun laf ]iaf.tlavl DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 25 Aupuni Street Hilo, Hawaii 96720 (808) 961-8083 Fax (808) 961-8086 httr)://co.Hawai'i.hi.US/directory/dir envmng htm Date : February 8, 2010 To BJ LEITHEAD TODD, Planning Director From: LONO A. TYSON, Director Subject: Change of Zone Application (REZ 10-000117) Applicant: Wailani Development, LLC Request: Project District (University Terrace) to Project District (Wailani) TMK:2-3-44:19; 2-3-49:53; 2-3-37:01 We have reviewed the subject application and offer the following recommendations: DEPARTMENT COMMENTS: WASTEWATER COMMENTS: (Contact Wastewater Division for details.) ( ) No comments ( ) Require.connection of existing and/or proposed structures to the public sewer in accordance with Section 21-5 of the Hawai' i County Code. ( ) Require Council Resolution to approve sewer extension in accordance with Section 21-26.1of the Hawaii County Code. Complete Sewer Extension Application. ( ) Require extension of the sewer system to service the proposed subdivision in accordance with Section 23-85 of the Hawaii County Code. Check or line out as a licahle. PP ( �n�*,��-n,®-Ba'ester-e€-th®-B�p�+rentHentel- Ad +tern• rnc�,r pl2ca wa } applicant shall conduct a sewer study in accordance with the then applicable wastewater system design standards prior to approval to connect to the County sewer system. Applicant shall provide such sewer line or other facility improvements as the Director of DEM may reasonably require, which the sewer study may indicate are advisable for mitigation of impacts of the proposed project. Contact Wastewater Division Chief for details. ( ) Other: SOLID WASTE COMMENTS: (Contact Solid Waste Division for details.) (( ) No comments Pla.nning Dept, Commercial operations, State and Federal agencies, religious entities and non-profit ( �organizations may not use transfer stations for disposal. Exhibit -6---- Aggregates and any other construction/demolition waste should be responsibly reused to its fullest extent. (- Ample and equal room should be provided for rubbish and recycling. ( Green waste may be transported to the green waste sites located at the Kailua and Hilo trans r", WTI�IE other suitable diversion programs. WAN NEL and demolition waste is prohibited at all County Transfer Stations.�yi� Countyof Hawaii is an Equal Opportunity provider and Employer. ("N1 Submit Solid Waste Management Plan in accordance with attached guidelines. ( ) Existing Solid Waste Management Plan is to be followed. Provide update to the department on current status. ( ) Other:_ cc: SWD, WWD County of Hawaii is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer. 12430 William P. Kenai Mayor Caunk ofC34"afintT`T DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 25 Aupuni Street • Hilo, Hawaii 96720 (808) 961-8083 - Fax'(808) 961-8086 http://co.hawaii hi.us/directory/dir envmn2 hm, February 12, 2009 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN Guidelines INTENT AND PURPOSE Lono A. Tyson Director Ivan Torigoe Deputy Director This is to establish guidelines for reviewing solid waste management plans, for which special conditions are placed on developments. The solid waste management plan will be used to: (1) promotes and implement recycling and recycling programs, (2) predict the waste generated by the proposed development to anticipate the loading on County solid waste management facilities, and (3) predict the additional vehicular traffic being generated because of waste and recycling transfers. A qualified consultant shall prepare a suitable solid waste management plan for review by the Department of Environmental -Management. REPORT The Solid Waste Management Plan will contain the following: Description of the project and the potential waste it may be generating: i.e. analysis of anticipated waste volume and composition. This includes waste.generated during the construction and operational or maintenance phases. Waste types shall include (but not be limited to): A. Organics (including food waste and green wastes); B. Construction and Demolition; C. Paper (including cardboard); D. Metal (including ferrous and non-ferrous metals); E. Plastic; F. Special (including ash, sludge, treated medical, bulky items, tires); G. Household Hazardous (including paint, vehicle fluids, oil, batteries); and H. Glass. 2. Indicate onsite source separation facilities by waste type; i.e. source separation bins of glass, metal, plastic, cardboard, aluminum, etc. Provide ample and equal space for rubbish and recycling. 3. Identification and location of the proposed waste reduction, waste re -use, recycling facility or disposal site and associated transportation methods for the various components of the development's waste management system, including the number of County of Hawaii is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer. Solid Waste Management Plan Guidelines Page 2 of 2 vehicle movements and associated routes that will be used to transport the waste and recycled materials. 4. The report will include identification of any impacts to County -operated waste management facilities, and the appropriate mitigation measures that will be implemented by the development to minimize these impacts. 5. Analysis will be based on the highest potential use or zoning of the development. REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS A solid waste management plan will be prepared for all commercial developments, as defined under the policies of the Department of Environmental Management, Solid . Waste Division. 2. The Department of Environmental Management will require the developer to provide or . resolve all recommendations and mitigation measures as outlined in the solid waste management plan; besides any conditions placed on the applicant herein. 3. A State of Hawaii licensed engineer will draft and certify in writing the solid waste management plan as complying with applicable Federal, State and County of Hawai'i solid waste laws, regulations, and administrative rules. Should you require additional information, please contact Michael Dworsky, P.E., Solid Waste Division Chief at 808-961-8515. CONCUR: %AW jk- trk Lono A. Tyson DIRECTOR County of Hawari is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer. William P. xenoi Mayor ?°�i•os'Hn"°�` 4 I -, S i 51.i�1 {i�• 1 I7 j" f Countp of'obiat"i HAWAI'I FIRE DEPARTMENT 25 Aupuni Street • Suite 2501 a Hilo, Hawaii 96720 (808)932-2900 • Fax (808) 932-2928 February 9, 2010 TO: BJ LEITHEAD TODD, PLANNING DIRECTOR FROM: . DARRYL OLIVEIRA, FIRE CHIEF Darryl J. Oliveira Fire Chief Glen P. I. Honda Deputy Fire Chief SUBJECT: CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 94-98) APPLICANT: WAILANI DEVELOPMENT, LLC REQUEST: PROJECT DISTRICT (UNIVERSITY TERRACE) TO PROJECT DISTRICT (WAILANI) TAX MAP KEY: 2-3-44:19; 2-3-49:53; 2-3-37:01 In regards to the above-mentioned Change of Zone application, the following shall be in accordance: Fire apparatus access roads shall be in accordance with UFC Section 10.207: "Fire Apparatus Access Roads "See. 10.207. (a) General. Fire apparatus access roads shall be provided and maintained in accordance with the provisions of this section. "(b) Where Required. Fire apparatus access roads shall be required for every building hereafter constructed when any portion of an exterior wall of the first story is located more than 150 feet from fire department vehicle access as measured by an unobstructed route around the exterior of the building. "EXCEPTIONS: 1. When buildings are completely protected with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system, the provisions of this section may be modified. "2. When access roadways cannot be installed due to topography, waterways, nonnegotiable grades or other similar conditions, the chief may require additional fire protection as specified in Section 10.301 (b). Planning Dept. Exhibit I— S(CANNED T 16 Hawaii County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer. BJ Leithead Todd February 9, 2010 Page 2 "3. When there are not more than two Group R, Division 3 or Group M Occupancies, the requirements of this section may be modified, provided, in the opinion of the chief, fire -Fighting or rescue operations would not be impaired. "More than one fire apparatus road may be required when it is determined by the chief that access by a single road may be impaired by vehicle congestion, condition of terrain, climatic conditions or other factors that could limit access. "For high -piled combustible storage, see Section 81.109. "(c) Width. The unobstructed width of a fire apparatus access road shall meet the requirements of the appropriate county jurisdiction. "(d) Vertical Clearance. Fire apparatus access roads shall have an unobstructed vertical clearance of not less than 13 feet 6 inches. "EXCEPTION: Upon approval vertical clearance may be reduced, provided such reduction does not impair access by fire apparatus and approved signs are installed and maintained indicating the established vertical clearance. "(e) Permissible Modifications. Vertical clearances or widths required by this section may be increased when, in the opinion of the chief, vertical clearances or widths are not adequate to provide fire apparatus access. "(f) Surface. Fire apparatus access roads shall be designed and maintained to support the imposed loads of fire apparatus and shall be provided with a surface so as to provide all- weather driving capabilities." (20 tons) "(g) Turning Radius. The turning radius of a fire apparatus access road shall be as approved by the chief." (45 feet) "(h) Turnarounds. All dead-end fire apparatus access roads in excess of 150 feet in length shall be provided with approved provisions for the turning around of fire apparatus. "(i) Bridges. When a bridge is required to be used as access under this section, it shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with the applicable sections of the Building Code and using designed live loading sufficient to carry the imposed loads of fire apparatus. "(j) Grade. The gradient for a fire apparatus access road shall not exceed the maximum approved by the chief." (15%) B3 Leithead Todd February 9, 2010 Page 3 (k) Obstruction. The required width of any fire apparatus access road shall not be obstructed in any mariner, including parking of vehicles. Minimum required widths and clearances established under this section shall be maintained at all times. "(1) Signs. When required by the fire chief, approved signs or other approved notices shall be provided and maintained for fire apparatus access roads to identify such roads and prohibit the obstruction thereof or both." Water supply shall be in accordance with UFC Section 10.301(c): (c) Water Supply. An approved water supply capable of supplying required fire flow for fire protection shall be provided to all premises upon which buildings or portions of buildings are hereafter constructed, in accordance with the respective county water requirements. There shall be provided, when required by the chief, on-site fire hydrants and mains capable of supplying the required fire flow. "Water supply may consist of reservoirs, pressure tanks, elevated tanks, water mains or other fixed systems capable of providing the required fire flow. "The location, number and type of fire hydrants connected to a water supply capable of delivering the required fire flow shall be protected as set forth by the respective county water requirements. All hydrants shall be accessible to the fire department apparatus by roadways meeting the requirements of Section 10.207. kARR O 1VVEIRA Fire Chief GA:lpc JHtY OF N9 G� �9 L Harry ICim 1/grur ry f County of Hawaii POLICE DEPARTMENT 349 Kapiolani Street Hilo, Hawai'i 96730-3998 (808)935-3311 Fax (808) 961-5865 February 3, 2010 TO ZE H AD ODD, P NNING DIRECTOR FROM D. PACHECO, AS POLICE CHIEF AREA 1 OPERATIONS BUREAU Lawrence K. Mahuna Police Chie( SUBJECT: CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 10-000117) APPLICANT: WAILANI DEVELOPMENT, LLC REQUEST: PROJECT DISTRICT (UNIVERSITY TERRACE) TO PROJECT DISTRICT (WAILANI) TAX'MAP KEY: 2-344:19; 2-3-49:53; 2-3-37:01 HarryS. Knbojiri Depito, Police Chiel' Staff, after review of the provided documents and visiting the proposed project site, provides the following comments: The developer proposes to improve the Komohana Street and Pu'uhonu Place intersection by adding turn lanes on Komohana Street for each directional approach to that intersection. Staff opines that these roadway improvements will be insufficient to mitigate the increased volume of traffic which in all likelihood will utilize the intersection as an entry and exit point into the proposed development. In the first phase of the development, a new roadway at Pu'uhonu Place will lead directly into the proposed Medical Park and Commercial Center off of Komohana Street. It can be anticipated that traffic volume on this roadway will reciprocally cause an increase in traffic volume on Komohana Street. In addition, the current southbound approach to the intersection on Komohana Street is a downgrade which limits sight distance to vehicles entering the intersection from either the east or west side. This hazardous roadway condition presently posed to drivers will be exacerbated by any traffic increases on Komohana Street. The traffic studies that were conducted by the developer have projected traffic increases in the area. Although the turn lanes proposed for this intersection should assist in facilitating traffic movements, the anticipated traffic increases will minimize its usefulness. The result will be .more vehicles merging or conducting turning movements onto Komohana Street. 'Nanning Dept. SCANNED Fx�i Pt �i� F� "Hawai'i County is an Equal Opportunity Pro vt er and i er i These vehicle movements will necessitate that drivers strictly follow rules governing the right of way and other traffic laws. Staff has determined that the combination of all these factors may lead to an increased incidence of traffic casualties occurring at this intersection. As a result it is our view that signalization should be required for this intersection as well as a study of the slope within the immediate location of the proposed intersection. Staff does not anticipate any other significant traffic -elated problems or other public safety concerns related to this project. Thank you for allowing us the opportunity to comment M William P. Kenos Mavor February 9, 2.0.0'9 a,p(0 MEMORANDUM Q�ot * ®f waff OFFICE OF HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 50 Wailuku Dnve • Hilo, Hawaii 96720-2456 WIT (808) 961-8379 • FAX (808) 961-8685 TO: Bobby -Jean Leithead Todd Planning Department FROM: Stephen J. Arnett L��t�t/yLLe��2CQ Housing Administra or Stephen 1. Arnett Housing Administ, ator SUBJECT: Change of Zone Application (REZ 10-000117) Applicant: Wailani Development, LLC Request: Project District (University Terrace) to Project District (Wailani) Tax Map: (3) 2-3-044:019; 2-3-049:053; 2-3-037:001 The Office of Housing and Community Development has reviewed the application and determined that Affordable Housing Conditions are applicable to the, subject request. Thank you for the opportunity to comment. G:/PLANNING/1896pasr.doc Planning 1.: e, P I' Exhibit—%_— nSCP,NNED By:� qRN EQUAL HOUSING OPPORTUNITY 'HAWAI' I COUNTY IS AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY PROVIDER AND EMPLOYER' LINDA LINGLE GOVERNOR t STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH P.O. BOX 916 HILO, HAWAII 96721-0916 MEMORANDUM DATE: February 2, 2010 TO: Bobby Jean Leithead Todd Planning Director, County of Hawaii FROM: Newton Inouye V Y Acting District Environmental Health Program Chief CHIYOME L. FUKINO, M.D. Director of Health SUBJECT: Change of Zone Application (REZ 10-000117) Applicant: Wailani Development, LLC Request: Project District (University Terrace) to Project District (Wailani) Tax Man Key: 2-3-44.19. 2-3-49.53. 2-3-37.01 I The subject project is located within or near proximity to the County sewer system. All lots in the proposed project shall connect to the County sewer system. Underground Injection Systems (Ph. 586-4258) which receive wastewater or storm runoffs from the proposed development need to address the requirements of Chapter 23, Hawaii State Department of Health Administrative Rules, Title 11, "Underground Injection Control." The applicant would need to meet the requirements of our Department of Health Air Pollution Rules, Chapter 60. 1, Title 11, State of Hawaii for fugitive dust control. If there is need to discuss these requirements, please contact our Clean Air Branch staff at Ph. 933-0401. Dispensing site locations and food preparation areas would need to meet the requirements of Chapter 12, Food Establishment Sanitation Code. The applicant may call Ph. 933-0917 to discuss the content of this communication. The Department of Health (DOH), Clean Water Branch (CWB), acknowledges receipt of the subject document on January 28, 2010. The CWB has reviewed the limited information contained in the subject document and offers the following comments: The Army Corps of Engineers should be contacted at (808) 438-9258 for this project. Pursuant to Federal Water Pollution Control Act (commonly known as Planning Dept. Exhibit—W-.— SCf7�NED BJ Leithead Todd Page 2 of 4 February 2, 2010 the "Clean Water Act" (CWA)), Paragraph 401(a)(1), a Section 401 Water Quality Certification (WQC) is required for "[a]ny applicant for Federal license or permit to conduct any activity including, but not limited to, the construction or operation of facilities, which may result in any discharge into the navigable waters...". The tern "discharge" is defined in CWA, Subsections 502(16), 502(12), and 502(6); Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Section 122.2, and Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR), Chapter 11-54. In accordance with HAR, Sections 11-55-04 and 11-55-34.05, the Director of Health may require the submittal of an individual permit application or a Notice of Intent (NOI) for general permit coverage authorized under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). a. An application for an NPDES individual permit is to be submitted at least 180 days before the commencement of the respective activities. The NPDES application forms may also be picked up at our office or downloaded from our website at: http://www.liawaii.gov/health/environmental/water/cleanwater/forms/indi v-index.html. b. An NOI to be covered by an NPDES general permit is to be submitted at least 30 days before the commencement of the respective activity. A separate NOI is needed for coverage under each NPDES general permit. The NOI forms may be picked up at our office or downloaded from our website at: http://www liawaii.gov/health/envirorunental/water/cleanwater/fonns/genl -index.html. i. Storm water associated with industrial activities, as defined in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Sections 122.26(b)(14)(i) through 122.26(b)(14)(ix) and 122.26(b)(14)(xi). [HAR, Chapter 11-55, Appendix B] ii. Construction activities, including clearing, grading, and excavation, that result in the disturbance of equal to or greater than one (1) acre of total land area. The total land area includes a contiguous area where multiple separate and distinct construction activities may be taking place at different times on different schedules under a larger common plan of development or sale. An NPDES permit is required before the commencement of the construction activities. [HAR, Chapter 11-55, Appendix C] iii. Discharges of treated effluent from leaking underground storage tank remedial activities. [HAR, Chapter 11-55, Appendix D] BJ Leithead Todd Page 3 of 4 February 2, 2010 iv. Discharges of once through cooling water less than one (1) million gallons per day. [HAR, Chapter 11-55, Appendix E] V. Discharges of hydrotesting water. [HAR, Chapter 11-55, Appendix F] vi. Discliarges of construction dewatering effluent. [HAR, Chapter 11-55, Appendix G] vii. Discharges of treated effluent from petroleum bulk stations and tenninals. [HAR, Chapter 11-55, Appendix H] viii. Discharges of treated effluent from well drilling activities. [HAR, Chapter 11-55, Appendix I] ix. Discharges of treated effluent from recycled water distribution systems. [HAR, Chapter 11-55, Appendix J] X. Discharges of storm water from a small municipal separate storm sewer system. [HAR, Chapter 11-55, Appendix K] xi. Discharges of circulation water from decorative ponds or tanks. [HAR, Chapter 11-55, Appendix L] 3. In accordance with HAR, Section 11-55-38, the applicant for an NPDES permit is required to either submit a copy of the new NOI or NPDES permit application to the State Department of Land and Natural Resources, State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD), or demonstrate to the satisfaction of the DOH that the project, activity, or site covered by the NOI or application has been or is being reviewed by SHPD. If applicable, please submit a copy of the request for review by SHPD or SHPD's determination letter for the project. 4. Any discharges related to project construction or operation activities, with or without a Section 401 WQC or NPDES permit coverage, shall comply with the applicable State Water Quality Standards as specified in HAR, Chapter 11-54. Hawaii Revised Statutes, Subsection 342D -50(a) requires that "[n]o person, including any public body, shall discharge any water pollutants into state waters, or cause or allow any water pollutant to enter state waters except in compliance with this chapter, rules adopted pursuant to this chapter, or a permit or variance issued by the director." If you have any questions, please contact Ms. Joanna Seto, Supervisor of the Engineering Section, CWB, at (808) 586-4309. BJ Leithead Todd Page 4 of 4 February 2, 2010 Construction activities must comply with the provisions of Hawaii Administrative Rules,Chapter 11-46, "Community Noise Control." 1. The contractor must obtain a noise permit if the noise levels from the construction activities are expected to exceed the allowable levels of the rales. 2. Construction equipment and on-site vehicles requiring an exhaust of gas or air must be equipped with mufflers. 3. The contractor must comply with the requirements pertaining to construction activities as specified in the rules and the conditions issued with the permit. Should there be any questions on this matter, please contact the Department of Health at 933-0917. Lands formerly used for sugarcane production are now being developed into communities where residential homes, schools and commercial businesses are being constructed. Chemicals associated with the sugarcane industry persist in soil today and may be a threat to public health and the environment. Elevated arsenic levels were discovered in soil at former sugarcane production areas on the islands. The HEER Office has identified former sugarcane production areas for assessment throughout the state and plans to work with property owners to conduct environmental assessments to identify and address elevated soil arsenic levels prior to finalizing development plans for the properties. The Department of Health does not have any objections to the proposed change in land uses. However, existing or planned land use activities adjacent to the proposed residential area should be compatible with a residential neighborhood. We recommend that you review all of the Standard Comments on our website: http://hawaii.gov/health/environmental/env-planning/landuse/landuse html. Any comments specifically applicable to this project should be adhered to. The same website also features a Healthy Community Design Smart Growth Checklist (Checklist) created by Built Environment Working Group (BEWG) of the Hawaii State Department of Health. The BEWG recommends that state and county planning departments, developers, planners, engineers and other interested parties apply the healthy built environment principles in the Checklist whenever they plan or review new developments or redevelopments projects. We also ask you to share this list with others to increase community awareness on healthy community design. WORD:REZ 10-000117.my LINDA LINGLE, GOVERNOR OF HAWAII MEMORANDUM STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES LAND DIVISION POST OFFICE BOX 621 HONOLULU, HAWAII 96809 February 3, 2010 TO: DLNR Agencies: x Div. of Aquatic Resources Iily. of �o�ivg &Ocean Recreation X Engineering Division res ry Wildlife x Div. of State Parks x Commission on Water Resource Management _Office of Conservation & Coastal Lands x Land Division—Hawaii District LAURA H. TRIELEN CINpIPERSON BO.WD OI I /��D NMNATLRN. RESOLRCLS COnIT11a510N ON \VTTEIt M1ESOLRCE M:1�'TGEMIL l LAN'RECEIVED ' IOM Z" FEB I l P C� 09 NATURAL iPT, OFESOPUR ES STATE OF HAWAII - � FROM: `/Morris M. Atta SUBJECT: Change of zone application from Project District (University Terrace) to Project District (Wailani) LOCATION: Island of Hawaii APPLICANT: Wailani Development, LLC Transmitted for your review and comment on the above referenced document. We would appreciate your comments on this document. Please submit any comments by February 23, 2010. Only 1 copy of the environmental report and master planned development available in Room 220. Land Division — Hawaii District, you will have to contact Ms. Maija Cottle, Planning Department to review the documents. If no response is received by this date, we will assume your agency has no comments. If you have any questions about this request, please contact my office at 587-0433. Thank you. Attachments ( ) We have no objections. ( ) We have no comments. (�() Coilr�ttents are attached. Signed I Date: i M `:0 3 u3 Yrl r�1 ;�T c� Planning Dept. Exhibit It DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES ENGINEERING DIVISION LD/MorrisAtta Ref.: ChangeZoneWailaniMaterPlanDev Hawaii.468 COMMENTS (X) We confirm that the project site, according to the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM), is located in Zones X, AE and A. The National Flood Insurance Program does not have any .regulations for developments within Zone X, however, it does regulate developments within Zones AE and A as indicated in bold letters below. O Please take note that the project site, according to the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM), is also located in Zone () Please note that the correct Flood Zone Designation for the project site according to the Flood hrsurance Rate Map (FIRM) is _ (X) Please note that the project must comply with the rules and regulations of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) presented in Title 44 of the Code of Federal Regulations (44CFR), whenever development within a Special Flood Hazard Area is undertaken. If, there are any questions, please contact the State NFIP Coordinator, Ms. Carol Tyau-Beam, of the Department of Land and Natural Resources, Engineering Division at (808) 587-0267. Please be advised that 44CFR indicates the minimum standards set forth by the NFIP. Your Community's local food ordinance may prove to be more restrictive and thus take precedence over the minimum NFIP standards. If there are questions regarding the local food ordinances, please contact the applicable County NFIP Coordinators below: () Mr. Robert Sumitomo at (808) 768-8097 or Mr, Mario Sin Li at (808) 768-8098 of the City and County of Honolulu, Department of Planning and Permitting. (X) Mr. Frank DeMarco at (808) 961-8042 of the County of Hawaii, Department of Public Works. () Mr. Francis Cerizo at (808) 270-7771 of the County of Maui, Department of Planning. O Mr. Mario Antonio at (808) 241-6620 of the County of Kauai, Department of Public Works. O The applicant should include water demands and infrastructure required to meet project needs. Please note that projects within State lands requiring water service from the Honolulu Board of Water Supply system will be required to pay a resource development charge, in addition to Water Facilities Charges for transmission and daily storage. () The applicant should provide the water demands and calculations to the Engineering Division so it can be included in the State Water Projects Plan Update. O Additional Comments: () Other: Should you have any questions, please call Ms. Suzie S. Agraan of the Planning Branch at 587-0258. Signed: CHIEF ENGINEER Date: LINDA LINGLE GOVERNOR OF IIAIVAII SrareorHSN'S February 23, 2010 I.R!I till t 1 L.0 "1 { STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION DIVISION 601 KAMOKILA BOULEVARD, ROOM 555 KAPOLEI, HAWAII 96707 Bobby Jean Leithead-Todd, Planning Director Attention: Maija Cottle County of Hawaii Planning Department 101 Pauahi Street,' Suite 3 Hilo, Hawaii 96720-4224 Dear Ms. Leithead-Todd: LANKA N. TIDELEN CEETRICRSON BOAROOF.QANONATIIRALRESOORCES COMM6SION ON WATER RESOURCE NEVIAGEMEM RUSSELLY.TSWI FIRST OEPVIY KEN C. KATVADARA UEPOFY ORECTOR-WATER AQUATIC RESOURCES BOATMG ANO DCEAIJ RECRCATION B ONWATECONVEYNCC14 COMMISSIONRV WATERRESONATEL CANES MERT CONSERVATION MIOCOASTAOTORCE CONSERVATION ANORESOOACES FHFORCEMEM ENY ARE1C iOREST0.YANN WILDLIFE NIEISLA PRESERVATION RAXCOIANE ISLANDRESCRVE COMIASSION CAN. STATE PARKS LOG NO: 2010.0762 DOC NO: 1002TD18 Archaeology SUBJECT: , Chapter 6E-42 Historic Preservation Review — Change of Zone Application, Wailani Development (REZ 10-000117) Ponahawai. Ahupua'a, South Hilo District, Hawai i TMK: (3) 2-3-44: 19: 2-3-49: 53 and 2-3-37: 01 Thank you for requesting our comments regarding the subject rezoning application, which proposes to change an existing Project District (University Terrace) to a new Project District (Wailani). The new project district encompasses 171.5 acres and will involve consolidation and resubdivision of the three affected parcels. Three build -out phases are proposed, with designated land areas for single family residential, townhouses, large lots, commercial, open space and a medical park. Our office reviewed the University Terrace Project District application in 2003 and recommended the following: 1. An archeological inventory survey should be conducted of Parcels 2-3-49: 53 and 2-3-37:01; 2. A mitigation plan for the historic ditch (SIHP Site 50-10-35-14947) located on Parcel 2-3-44: 19 should be completed (with components for preservation and data recovery), approved and implemented; 3. A review of the Kumu Pono Report (Maly & Maly 2003) on Ponahawai and Punahoa should be conducted to determine the potential for traditional cultural properties within the proposed project area (P. Holly McEldowney letter to Virginia Goldstein, October 22, 2003, Log 2003.2129, Doc 1002PM06). Item 1: we have recently (February 1) received an inventory survey report for parcels 2-3-49: 53 and 2-3- 37: 01 (Haun & Henry 2010) . No historic properties were identified on Parcel 2-3-49: 53. Two historic properties reflecting historic era sugar cane farming were identified on Parcel 2-3-37: 01. These sites comprise a total of 23 features that occur throughout the 5 -acre parcel. The results of the survey indicate that at least one of the sites (50-10-35-24023) continues into the adjacent parcel (2-3-44: 19) to the south and west. Item 2: a mitigation plan for Site 14947 within Parcel 2-3-44: 19 (Jensen 1991) was received in our office July 19, 2004. We have no records indicating that this plan was reviewed and approved. At this time, we prefer to defer approval of the mitigation plan until we are sure that all significant historic properties have been identified on Parcel 2-344: 19 (see below). Item 3: The full text of the Kumu Pono report on Ponahawai and Punahoa is included in the environmental report for this Project District. However, there is no indication that the potential for Planning Dept. Exhibit V2o 061222 Bobbie Jean Leithead-Todd Page 2 traditional cultural properties in the project area was assessed. It would appear that the criteria for a traditional cultural property can be applied to Pu'u Honu, which is located within the project area. The project Master Plan identifies a 7.5 -acre passive open space area around Pu'u Honu. We agree with the concept of this general treatment; however we will be requesting additional information regarding the status of the Pu'u as a traditional cultural property, and further review of the size and intended uses of this open space area. We have an additional item of concern at this time, regarding the inventory survey conducted of Parcel 2- 3-44: 19 in 1991. According to the report, the survey fieldwork consisted of relocating two previously identified sites, pedestrian survey of the slopes and tops of the two cinder cones, and irregular transects at the ends of observable dirt roads (Jensen 1991: 4). There is no map in the report indicating what portions of the project area were actually walked, or an indication of the percentage of the total acreage that was examined, This type of survey does not constitute an inventory survey, which requires that 100% of the project surface area be surveyed; or requires a previously approved sampling strategy (HAR §13-276- 4(d). We are aware that this area was used for sugar cane cultivation; however, it appears that there is potentially a significant record of non -mechanized cultivation practices that has not been adequately documented. Furthermore, the report contains insufficient information regarding the condition and disposition of Site 14947. Based on the nature of this prior survey, and the new findings that show evidence of historic properties in Parcel 2-3-44: 19 (Hann & Henry 2010), as well other map data showing stone walls and other features in the property; we cannot concur that all historic properties have been identified in Parcel 2-3-44: 19. In conclusion, we request that the following conditions be attached to the approval of the subject Project District change, in order to ensure that the project will have no effect on historic properties: 1. The 1991 inventory survey of Parcel 2-3-44: 19 will be assessed for thoroughness, and if warranted, additional inventory work will be conducted within this parcel. This work should include an assessment with further interviews (if needed) of Pu'u Honu as a traditional cultural property. As such it would be designated as an historic property and assigned an SIHP site number. 2. Following completion of Item 1, a mitigation plan addressing data collection at Site 14947 (and any additional sites that might be discovered) will be completed and approved by aur office prior to implementation. 3. Following completion of Item 2, a preservation plan addressing preservation of specified segments of Site 14947 and Pu'u Honu (and any additional sites that might be. identified) will be prepared and approved prior to the implementation of interim preservation, measures. Interim preservation measures will be in place prior to the initiation of earthmoving activities on Parcel 2- 3-44:19. Please contact Theresa K. Denham at (808) 933-7653 or Theresa.K.Donham(Jbawaii.eov if you have any questions or concerns regarding this letter. Aloha, Nancy McMahon, Deputy SHPO/State Archaeologist and Historic Preservation Manager Historic Preservation Division cc: Sidney Fuke, Planner 100 Pauahi Street, Suite 212 r Hawaii Electric Light Company, Inc.- PO Box 1027 -Hilo, 111 96721-1027 0 March 2, 2010 Ms. B.J. Leithead Todd County of Hawaii Planning Department 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Gentlemen: Subject: Wailani Development, LLC TMK: 2-3-044:019, 2-3-049:053, and 2-3-037:001 South Hilo District, Hawaii County Thank you for the opportunity to review the Subject Project located in South Hilo. HELCO will be able to provide electrical service to the subject development as described in the attached location map however, subject to detailed analysis to be performed after receipt of your consultant's detailed design drawings and estimated demand (by phases). Generation Capacity - HELCO's current system peak load is 196,370 kW and our total generation system capability is 288,150 kW. Our reserve margin is 46.7 percent and has adequate generation to serve the above. 2. Electrical Substation -The area is currently served by our existing 10MVA Komohana electrical substation and a 12,470 volt distribution overhead system along Komohana Street. Based on an assumption of: 3 kW/unit for Residential Homes (58 units) = 174 kW 5 W/sf for Large Single Family Homes (37 units, 3000 sf/house) = 555 kW 3 kW/unit for Townhouses Units (90 units) = 270 kW 2.5 kW/unit for Elderly Housing Units (333 units) = 832.5 kW 15 W/sf for Commercial Center (250,000 sf) = 3750 kW 12 W/sf for Medical Park (200,000 sf) = 2400 kW 6 W/sf for Technology Park (250,000 sf) = 1500 kW 13 kW/acre for Park and Other Components (14.4 acres) = 187.2 kW The capacity of our existing substation is not adequate to serve the estimated load of roughly 10,000kW. One lot with a minimum size of 150' by 150' must be deeded to HELCO for the construction of a new substation. A detailed distribution engineering analysis needs to be done if this substation could serve as the source pending your detailed design drawings. 3. Off -Site Electrical Distribution System — The existing 12,470 volt distribution system along Komohana Street is not adequate to serve the proposed development. Two distribution lines are needed to interconnect the substation to the onsite project. Planning Dept. Exhibit _IS_ Ms. BJ Leithead Todd Page 2 March 2, 2010 4. On -Site Electrical System — On-site distribution line extensions and easements are required on the developer's property to serve the anticipated load. An environmental site assessment may be required to serve this development from our distribution system in the State right-of-way. After the development's detailed loading and civil plans are submitted, HELCO will prepare a firm cost for the off-site distribution system to connect to the development. Although the ultimate load is approximately 10,000kW and will require a new electrical substation, HELCO may be able to serve some of the initial phases of the project depending on the loading and timing of each phase provided by the developer's electrical consultant. HELCO recommends energy efficient and consetvation measures to reduce the maximum electrical demand and energy consumption. The developer may call HELCO's Energy Services Manager, Curtis Beck, at (808) 969-0134 for questions or details on available programs It is encouraged that the developer's electrical consultant opens a service request with HELCO's Engineering Department as soon as practicable to ensure timely electrical facility installation. Should you have any questions, please contact Riley Ceria or Hal Kamigaki at (808) 935-1171. TWC:RYC:bb Attachment cc: R. Ceria (with attachment) H. Kamigaki (with attachment) B. Maeda (with attachment) S. Oshiro (with attachment) Sincerely, ,;/_� U/. 0:vh-", Thomas W. Cummins, L.P.L.S. Manager, Engineering Department U SidneyFuke, Plaru , g Consultant 100 Pauahi Street, Suite 212 • Hilo, Hawaii 96720 t,� (ii 11{k .-i '" i "i"11 I •Planning •Variance •Zoning Telephone: (808) 969-1522 • Fax: (808) 969-7996 r(}tpl^. I J I?t^ ;•fir;1�i }Sat • Subdivision • Land Use Permits E-mail: sidfuke@hawaiiantel.net • Environmental Reports February 221ZDl(f1:B 2.4 Fit 1.'5 G Ms. BJ Leithead Todd, Director Planning Department COUNTY OF HAWAI I 101 Pauahi Street Hilo, 11196720 Dear Ms. Leithead Todd: Subject: Project District Rezoning (REZ 10-000117) Applicant: Wailani Development, LLC TMK: 2-3-44: 19: 2-3-49: 53; 2-3-37: 01 Thank you for providing agency comments to date on the subject matter. In response to said comments, please note the following: As recommended by the State Department of Health the development is proposed to connect to the County's sewer system. Furthermore, the applicant and its consulting engineer are aware of the need of National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) and UIC permits. These permits will be secured prior to commencement of any construction activity on the subject site. The need to consult and comply with requirements of the Army Corps of Engineers pursuant to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (aka "Clean Water Act") is also acknowledged and will be complied with. The applicant is also aware of the former sugar cane use of a portion of the site. Accordingly, if needed, a "Phase I or IP' Environmental Study can be conducted and coordinated with the Department of Health, and if needed, appropriate remediation work can be done prior to development of any of the affected area. Finally, during construction of this project, the applicant will comply with appropriate noise, dust, and storm runoff regulations of the State Department of Health. The County Department of Environmental Management ("DEM") also recommended the project connect to the County's sewer system. As noted above, the project will connect to the system and appropriate studies/plans will be prepared by the applicant and submitted for the review and approval of the DEM. A Solid Waste Management Plan will be prepared for the review and approval of the DEM prior to or in conjunction with the building permit process. The Solid Waste Management Plan will reflect the project's intent to reuse and/or retain much of the waste on site so as to minimize impacts to the County's landfill. As noted by the County Office of Housing and CommuWV Development the applicant is aware of and will comply with the applicable requirements of the County's Affordable Housing Code. Notwithstanding the social and/or community need for the project's planned elderly or senior housing facility, it can also address the Afford!lgI5_ Housing requirement. planning Dept. Exhibit 3y `1135 Ms. B7 Leithead Todd, Director February 22, 2010 Page 2 The Police Department's comments relative to the proposed Komohana Street/Pu'u Honu Place intersection are well taken. A standard intersection at this area could be problematic, given the potential sight distance limitation and projected increase in traffic, with or without the project. As such, to address this understandable concern, the applicant is proposing to initially limit access to this area of the project with a "right - in, right -out" design with no change to the existing Pu'u Hou Place access. In the event a full movement intersection is desired, the applicant would then have it signalized. Whether the intersection is proposed for a right -in, right- out or fully signalized, the related traffic engineering studies (including a sight distance analysis) and design would be prepared by the applicant submitted for the review and approval of the County Department of Public Works. We trust that the information provided herein help address the comments. If not or if there are further questions and/or comments on this matter, please feel free to contact me. Thank you very much. �Sinc`\e''rely*MFUKE NEV\ SID Planning Consultant Copy — Wailani Development LLC w/ enclosures A SidneyFuke, Planning Consultant 100 Pauahi Street, Suite 212 • Hilo, Hawaii 96720 �• iT t•Planning •Variance •Zoning Telephone: (808) 969-1522 • Fax: (808) 969-7996 • Subdivision • Land Use Permits E-mail: sidfuke@hawaiiantel. net • Environmental Reports ®; at is March 11,16W"! "� 9 Ms. BJ Leithead Todd, Director Planning Department COUNTY OF HAWAII 101 Pauahi Street Hilo, 1-1196720 Dear Ms. Leithead Todd: Subject: Project District Rezoning (REZ 10-000117) Applicant: Wailani Development, LLC TMK: 2-3-44: 19: 2-3-49: 53: 2-3-37: 01 We recently received comments from the State Department of Land and Natural Resources — Historic Preservation Division ("SHPD") regarding the subject matter. Because of residual concerns, the SHPD has suggested that certain conditions be attached "in order to ensure that the project will have no effect on historic properties." Please be informed that the applicant also does not want to compromise the integrity of any significant archaeological features on the site. Accordingly, it would have no objections to the conditions recommended by the SHPD. We trust that the information provided herein help address SHPD's comment. If not or if there are further questions and/or agency comments on this matter, please feel free to contact me. Thank you very much. Sincerely, 4N\V 1, SIDNEY M. FUKE Planning Consultant Copy — Wailani Development LLC w/ enclosure via email SC� N' 1F ti, 4 �ri;l �y:_ 12 9'9 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT MASTER PLANNED DEVELOPMENT at PONAHAWAI, SOUTH HILO, HAWAII WAILANI DEVELOPMENT, LLC Planning Dept. Exhibit SidneyFuke, Planning Consultant 100 Pauahi Street, Suite 212 • Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Telephone: (808) 969-1522 • Fax: (808) 969-7996 E-mail: sidfuke@hawaiiantel.net January 22, 2010 Ms. BJ Leithead Todd, Director Planning Department COUNTY OF HAWAII 101 Pauahi Street Hilo, HI 96720 Dear Ms. Leithead Todd: Subject: Project District Rezoning Application Applicant - Wailani Development, LLC Punahoa V & 2"d, South Hilo, Hawaii TMK: 2-3-37: 001: 2-3-044: 019: 2-3-049: 053 Planning • Variance • Zoning Subdivision • Land Use Permits Environmental Reports This is to follow up my letter of January4, 2010 and discussion with your staff • yesterday regarding the subject matter. I appreciate your staff taking the time to review this matter with me. Based on this discussion and inasmuch as it could help address potential questions in the previously submitted Environmental Report ("ER") which accompanied the application, I would appreciate your making a copy of this letter as part of the ER. Pursuant to. that discussion, please note the following: a. Recent Property Histo1y In December 8, 2004, the County approved the Project District University Terrace C'UT') application of Western United Life Assurance Company of Spokane, Washington. The approval was codified in the form of Ordinance No. 04 144. The UT Project District consisted of commercial (retail and office) and residential uses. A few years later, the parent company of the former applicant, Metropolitan Mortgage and Securities, went bankrupt. The property was then taken over by the Washington state insurance commissioner's office. In March 2009, the property was purchased by the current applicant, Wailani Development, LLC. Wailani Development, LLC then immediately embarked on aerogram to substitute the UT Project District with its "Wailani" Project District, one that would also include medical or medial -related and senior housing components. It should be noted that the subject properties have sat idle since the adoption of Ordinance No. 04 144. There has also not been the submittal of any land development or construction permits associated with the UT project. Ms. BJ Leithead Todd, Director January 22, 2010 Page 2 b. General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide Map aXTAG2 Contrary to the description contained in the ER, the General Plan LUPAG map designation of the site is Medium Density and not Urban Expansion. Notwithstanding this oversight, the requested Wailani Project District would still be consistent with the General Plan's Medium Density designation, subject to the qualification noted in the section on "Proposed Uses" below. c. Hilo Community Development Plan The Community Development Plan (CDP) attempts to further define the General Plan and serves as a guide for decision -makers. It was adopted by the Planning Commission in 1975, over 35 years ago. Although reviewed by the County Council, the CDP was never adopted. • The CDP's Land Use Concept map identifies most of the developable area of this site A -la (Agricultural 1 -acre), while the drainage ways are designated 0 (Open). These designations suggest 1 -acre agricultural lots and open space along the drainage ways would be appropriate uses. The proposed Wailani Project District, as with the existing UT Project District, is not consistent with the Land Use Concept map. Notwithstanding this inconsistency, however, it is acknowledged that the growth of Hilo and its outlying areas like Puna, has made many of the planning assumptions of the CDP obsolete. An updated CDP, understandably, would be timely. Furthermore, absent the availability of a relevant intermediary planning document like the CDP, one must rely only on the General Plan LUPAG map and policies. In the end, however, the General Plan is more critical, as the County Charter requires all zone changes to be consistent with it. d. Proposed Uses On page 5 and other parts of the ER, the proposed `Business Park" is described as possibly having office and retail uses, as well as some light industrial uses such as warehousing, manufacturing, and light industrial functions. It has come to light that industrial uses, due in part to the General Plan's Medium Density designation and the • Zoning Code, are not permitted for this Project District application. The applicant understands and accepts this limitation and does not believe that this limitation affects the overall concept or viability of the Wailani project. Furthermore, the associated E Ms. BJ Leithead Todd, Director January 22, 2010 Page 3 infrastructure and related impacts resulting from the elimination of any industrial uses should be negligible or less, than the description contained in the ER. e. Proposed Access Connections In terms of vehicular accesses to the project, the proposed land use plan (Figure 3.C) reflects two (2) principal and two (2) secondary roadways. The principal accesses would be from the extension of Ponahawai Street at Komohana Street and the Mohouli Street Extensiotr. The secondary accesses are proposed at Komohana Street, in the vicinity of Pun Honu Place, and along Mohouli Street to service the proposed residential development. While two (2) incidental or conditional accesses from existing streets are shown, they are not needed for the project. They were shown to create the possibility of more connectivity, in the event impacted residents and the County deem them appropriate. • These incidental or conditional vehicular accesses would be Wiliwili Street and Malanai Road. The concept is to have an improved County standard road built within the'project site up to the property, boundary where it abuts Wiliwili Street. At that point, bollards or removable barriers would be constructed to allow pedestrian and cyclists unimpeded access through this area. The barriers or bollards could be removed only in the event of an emergency or if impacted residents outside of the project area and the County agree to have them removed. This optional future access concept would also apply at Malanai Road. A County " standard road would be constructed between the proposed Puu Holm Park and the elderly housing area. However, 'rather than having this road built up to the property line, it would terminate at the entrances to the proposed Park and/or elderly, housing project, which would be at a certain distance from the property boundary where it abuts Malanai Road. The balance of his possible access would be unimproved and designated as a future access right-of-way. The thought here is to make future access be it for'pedestrians, cyclists, or even vehicles - possible, like Wiliwili Street, should impacted residents and the County deem appropriate. f. Project District Application Form • Your staff rioted that although this was a rezoning action, there is a separate application form for Project District. In that regard, please find enclosed the correct 0 Ms. BJ Leithead Todd, Director January 22, 2010 Page 4 application form. For the signatures of the applicant and landowner, please refer to the previously submitted rezoning application form. The other requested information which do not directly relate to the ER itself will be addressed in a separate letter. Again, thank you and your staff's time to go over this matter. We look forward to your continued processing of this application. If not or if there aie fiuther questions relating to this matter, please feel free to direct them to me. Thank you very much. Sincerely, ``S DNEY IJKE Planning Consultant • Enclosure Copy— Wailani Development, LLC w/ enclosure, via email Scott Fleming, Fleming and Associates via email 0 PROJECT DISTRICT APPLICATION • COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT (Type or legibly print the requested information) APPLICANT: Wailani Development LLC APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE: see rezoning application DATE`. Jan. 4.2010 ADDRESS: c/o 670 Ponahawai Street Suite 214 Hilo 11196720 LIST APPLICANT'S INTEREST IF NOT OWNER: LIST PRINCIPAL(S) INCLUDING NAMES OF MAIN OFFICERS: Peter Matsuura — President and Managing Member: Wendy Matsuura — Sec/Trea• Stephen Matsuura — Member,• Andrew Matsuura Member: Robert Fuiimoto — Member PHONE:(Bus.) (808) 969-3331 (Res.) (808) 959-0775 (Fax) * LANDOWNER(S):. Wailani Development LLC LANDOWNER SIGNATURE(S): see rezoning application DATE:Jan. 4.2010 (May be by letter) LANDOWNER(S) ADDRESS: c/o 670 Ponahawai Street. Suite 214 Hilo_ HI 96720 thmsnn zones (Proposed Zoning) g) TAX MAP KEY: 2-3-44: 019: 2-� 49.051 • '%1-17• nni STREET ADDRESS OF PROPERTY: Ponahawai/Komohana Streets Hilo Hi 96720 SIZE OF PROPERTY OR AFFECTED.AREA(S) TO BE REZONED: 171.5 +/- acres AGENT: Sidney M I Planning Consultant ADDRESS: 100 Pauahi Street Suite 212 Hilo 11196720 TELEPHONE:(Bus.) _ (808) 969-1522 (Res.) (Fax) (8081969-7996 lease indicate to whom original correspondence and copies should be sent. ORIGINAL: Sidney M. Fuke COPIES:_ Wendy Matsuura SldneyFuke, Pla .g Consultant 100 Pauahi Street, Suite 212 • Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Telephone: (808) 969-1522 Fax: (808) 969-7996 E-mail: sidfuke@hawaiianlel.net January 29, 2010 Ms. BJ Leithead Todd, Director Planning Department COUNTY OF HAWAII 101 Pauahi Street Hilo, HI 96720 Dear Ms. Leithead Todd: ` 4i ( ; + I • Planning • Variance • Zoning `, i.' -' • Subdivision • Land Use Permits • Environmental Reports Subject: Project District Rezoning Application Applicant - Wailani Development, LLC Punahoa 1" & 2°d, South Hilo, Hawai i TMK: 2-3-37: 001; 2-3-044: 019; 2-3-049: 053 This is to follow up my letter of January 21, 2010 regarding the subject matter. Please be informed that subsequent to that letter, the applicant learned of the completion of an archaeological inventory survey for the two parcels initially identified by the State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) as being absent in its letter of October 22, 2003 to the consultant (Ms. Virginia Goldstein) of the former owner. A copy of this letter was provided you earlier. In that regard, please find enclosed a copy of this report prepared by Haun and Associates, dated January 2010. You will note that the report concluded that one of the sites (parcel 52) "yielded no archaeological sites or features." Relative to parcel 1, there were two historic sites associated with sugar cane cultivation. Those sites were determined to be significant for informational purposes and that `no further work or preservation" was recommended. This report will be submitted, this date, to SHPD for its review and comment by the archaeologist. We will provide you with a copy of SHPD's comments upon its receipt. We apologize for not having this matter clarified prior to submittal of the application. We trust, however, that it would not affect the processing timetable of the application. Thank you very much for your patience and understanding on this matter. Seely, SIDNEY. FUKE Planning Consultant Enclosure Copy — Wailani Development, LLC w/ enclosure via email • Scott Fleming, Fleming and Associates w/ enclosure via email SC1ANNED U 6 � '2002 3 1 By �_ 1`4li lfi }�ij,y �+C,G ilr�T�t �P�T � 70 Report 316-112003 t k3-, ;r 12 ,5 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY TMK: 2-3-4.9:52 and TMK: 2-3-037:001 LAND OF PONAHAWAI, SOUTH HILO DISTRICT ISLAND OF HAWAPI 0 Haun & Associates Archaeological, Cultural, and Historical Resource Management Services 73=1168 Kahuna, Kailua-Kona Hawaii 96740 Phone: 982-7755 Fax: 325-1520 0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY • TMK: 2-3-49:52 and TMK: 2-3-037:001 LAND OF PONAHAWAI, SOUTH HILO DISTRICT ISLAND OF HAWAPI By: Alan E. Haun, Ph.D. and Dave Henry, B.S. • Prepared for: Wailani Development, LLC c/o 670 Ponahawai Street, Suite 214 Hilo, HI 96720 January 2010 Haun & Associates Archaeological, Cultural, and Historical Resource Management Services 73-1168 Kahuna, Kailua-Kona Hawaii 96740 Phone: 982-7755 Fax: 325-1520 0 SUMMARY 0 C`, At the request of Wailani Development, LLC, Haun & Associates conducted archaeological inven- tory surveys of two parcels situated in the Land of Ponabawai, South Hilo District, Island of Hawaii (TMK: 2-3-49:52 and 2-3-37:001). The objective of the survey was to satisfy historic preservation regulatory re- view inventory requirements of the Department of Land and Natural Resources -State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-SHPD), as contained within Hawaii Administrative Rules, Title 13, DLNR, Subtitle 13, State Historic Preservation Rules. The survey of TMK: 2-349:52 yielded no archaeological sites or features. The survey of TMK: 2- 3-37:001 identified two historic site complexes with 23 features. The identified features consist of mounds, modified outcrops, terraces, a bridge, a road and a wall. The survey results conform to the expectations derived from historical and archaeological background research. The research indicated that sites would be limited to historic remains most probably associated with plantation agriculture. The Site 24023 clearing features probably are associated with sugar cane cultivation. The Site 24022 complex is probably planta- tion -related infrastructure consisting of the remains of a road and bridge that provided vehicular access to shop or work area Both sites are assessed as solely significant for their information content. The sites have yielded information important for understanding historic plantation agriculture in the project area. The mapping, written descriptions, and photography at the sites adequately document them and no further work or preser- vation is recommended. m Introduction - 1 Scope of Work 1 Project Area Description Field Methods • 4 1 Archaeological and Historical Background - 4 Historical Documentary Research • 4 Previous Archaeological Work - 12 Project Expectations - 14 Findings • 15 Conclusion - 27 Significance Assessments - 27 Recommended Treatments - 27 References - 28 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. Portion of 11SGS Hilo Quadrangle Showing Survey Areas - 2 Figure 2. Project Area Overview of TMK: 2-3-49:052 3 Figure 3. Project Area Overview of TMK: 2-3-37:001 3 Figure 4. Ahupua% Boundaries - 5 Figure 5. Portion of Maiden's 1825 Map of "Waiakea or Byron Bay" • 5 Figure 6. Portion of Lyon's 1882 Register Map No. 892 showing 1881 Lava Flow Figure 7. Portion of c. 1920 Map of the Hilo Sugar Company Fields - 10 Figure 8. 1956 Aerial Photograph of Hilo Area Showing Project Area 10 Figure 9. Previous Archaeological Work • 13 Figure 10. Site Location Map • 16 Figure 11. Site 24022, Plan Map of Feature A and Portions of Features B and D Figure 12. Site 24022, Feature A Abutment Retaining wall 18 Figure 13. Site 24022, Feature A Collapsed Concrete Bridge 18 Figure 14. Site 24022, Plan Map of Feature C and Portions of Feature B - 20 Figure 15. Site 24022, Feature C Terrace Retaining Wall • 21 Figure 16. Site 24022, Feature C Concrete Footing - 21 iii 10 17 0 40 CC. • ILLUSTRATIONS (cont.) Figure 17. Site 24022, Feature C Stone Cairns 22 Figure 18. Site 24022, Feature D Retaining Wall 22 Figure 19. Site 24022, Plan Map of Feature E and Portions of Feature D - 24 Figure 20. Site 24022, Feature E Wall 24 Figure 21. Site 24023, Feature J Mound 26 Figure 22. Site 24023, Feature M Mound 26 TABLES Table 1. Land Commission Award Claims in Ponahawai - 8 Table 2. Summary of Previous Archaeological Work 12 Table 3. Summary of Site 24023 Agricultural Features 25 iv INTRODUCTION At the request Wailani Development, LLC Haun & Associates conducted archaeological inventory surveys of the c. I -acre TMK:2-3-49:52 and the c. 8.3 -acre TMK:2-3-37:001 both situated in the Land of Ponahawai, South Hilo District, Island of Hawaii (Figure 1). The objective of the survey was to satisfy historic preservation regulatory review inventory requirements of the Department of Land and Natural Re- sources -State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-SHPD), as contained within Hawaii Administrative Rules, Title 13, DLNR, Subtitle 13, State Historic Preservation Rules. The survey fieldwork was conducted on November 28-29, 2003. No archaeological sites were present in TMK:2-3-49:52 and two historic site complexes were identified in TMK:2-3-37:001. The field- work was conducted under the direction of Alan E. Harm, Ph.D. Approximately 32 labor -hours were re- quired to complete the fieldwork. Described in this final report are the project scope of work, field me- thods, background research, survey findings, and significance assessments of the sites with recommended further treatments. Scope of Work Based on DLNR-SHPD rules for inventory surveys, the following specific tasks were determined to constitute an appropriate scope of work for the project: 1. Conduct background review and research of existing archaeological and historical docu- mentary literature relating to the project area and its immediate vicinity --including ex- amination of Land Commission Awards, ahupua a records, historic maps, archival mate- rials, archaeological reports, and other historical sources; 2. Conduct a high intensity, 100% pedestrian survey coverage of the project area; 3. Conduct detailed recording of all potentially significant sites including scaled plan draw- ings, written descriptions, and photographs, as appropriate; 4. Conduct limited subsurface testing (manual excavation) at selected sites (a) to determine the presence or absence of potentially significant buried cultural deposits or features, and (b) to obtain suitable samples for radiocarbon age determination analyses; 5. Analyze background research and field data; and 6. Prepare and submit Final Report. Project Area Description The project encompasses two parcels situated in the Land of Ponahawai, South Hilo District, Island of Hawaii. The fust parcel (TNM: 2-3-49:052) is c. 1 -acre in area and is located adjacent to the southwestern end of Liko Lehua Street. This rectangular parcel is bordered by undeveloped land to the north, west and south, and by existing houses to the east. Elevation ranges from approximately 360 ft to 400 ft. This portion of the project area has been mechanically disturbed evidenced by numerous pushpiles of soil and stone and secondary growth vege- tation consisting predominately of guava (Psidium caffleianum Sabine). Several scattered coconut trees (Cocos nucifera) and one large mango (Mangifem indica L.) were also present along with grasses and vines. The vegeta- tion present within this parcel is illustrated in Figure 2. Modern trash is scattered along the north and east sides of the parcel. The second parcel (TMK: 2-3-37:001) is 5 -acres in area and is bounded by Komohana Street to the east and undeveloped lands to the north, south and west. A seasonal drainage extends through the northern portion of the parcel in an east-northeast by west-southwest direction. Elevation ranges from approximately 180 ft to 260 ft. . 0 0 0 v b GO L• Figure Project Area Overview of TMK: 2-3-37:001, vie", to southwesa 0 0 • This parcel also appears to have been historically disturbed, likely by the cultivation of sugarcane. The parcel evidences secondary growth vegetation consisting of bamboo (Bambusa spp.), guava (Psidium cat- tleianum Sabine), Umbrella trees (Brassaia actinophylla Endl.), Banyan trees (Ficus benghalensis L.), Be- tel -nut palm (Areca catechu L.), papaya (Carica papaya L.), and coconut (Cocos nucifera). Large open areas of tall grass and ferns are present within the parcel (Figure 3). Scattered trash is present along both sides of the drainage and along Komobana Street The soil within both parcels is comprised of Keaukaha extremely rocky muck on 6-20% slopes (Sato et al. 1973). This soil is characterized by a dark brown muck surface layer over pahoehoe bedrock, with rock outcrops occupying 25% of the ground surface. This soil evidences a rapid permeability, a me- dium runoff and a slight erosional hazard. Field Methods Both parcels were subjected to a 100% surface examination with surveyors spaced at 10 in inter- vals. Survey transects were oriented parallel to the long axis of each parcel. The identified sites were flagged with pink and blue flagging tape and their locations plotted on a scaled project area map with the aid of Garmin Global Positioning System (GPS) III+. The accuracy of the GPS device for a single point is +/- 15 in. This accuracy is increased to less than c. 3-5 meters by taking multiple points including property comers and overlying the plotted points on a scaled map using AutoCAD software. Agricultural features identified within the project area were subjected to limited recording, con- sisting of documenting length, width, height, and shape. Photographs were taken of representative feature types. The non-agricultural sites identified were subjected to detailed recording consisting of the prepara- tion of scaled plan maps, the completion of standardized site/feature forms, and photographic documenta- tion. No subsurface testing was undertaken due to the historic nature of the identified sites. . ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Historical Documentary Research The project area is situated in the ahupua'a of Ponahawai in South Hilo District (Figure 4). Much of the following is summarized from Hilo Bay: A Chronological History (Kelly et al. 1981), an extensive and thorough compendium of historical information about Hilo and He Wahi Mo `olelo No Ponahawai A Me Punahoa Ma Hilo: A Collection of Traditions and Historical Accounts for Ponahawai and Punahoa, District of Hilo, Island of Hawaii which focuses on Ponabawai and the adjacent ahupua `a of Punahoa (Ma- ly and Maly 2003). Hawaiian traditional and legendary accounts attest to the longstanding importance of the Hilo area, but there are very few specific references to Ponahawai. Oral traditions about Hilo collected by Theodore Kelsey in 1921 refer to Ponahawai and Kukuau as chiefess sisters. The chief of the Hilo region, Kuluku- lu`a, who resided in Waiakea, was the first conquest of `Umi-a-Liloa in his campaign to unify the districts of Hawaii Island. Hilo with its large bay, fishponds, wet taro fields, and abundant freshwater was a popula- tion center for commoners and royalty. a ing of 800 vessels. Kamehameha gave his favorite wife, Ka`ahumanu, the ili kupono of Pi`opi`o in Wain - ken. Chief I reportedly built the fust ditch from the Wailuku River which later was used by the Hilo Board- ing School. Kamehameha ordered the construction of a ditch that was fed by the I ditch. Early historic accounts also document the importance of Hilo. In 1823, Ellis estimated the popula- tion to be 2,000 people in 400 houses. Ellis described the extensive use of lauhala thatch in house construe- M lr M tion in Hilo. He described the land as intensively cultivated with plantains, bananas, sugar cane, taro, pota- toes, melons, coconuts, and breadfruit. Wet taro was grown m mounds (kips) in marshlands. Hilo was a center for trade between the people of Ka`u, Hamakua, and Hilo. Between the 1790s and 1820s, sandal- wood was out and brought to Hilo for export. Pulu and pia (arrowroot) were also exported. Ellis also de- scribes coastal fishing. Boundary Commission testimony taken from individuals born in the late 1700s to early 1800s pre- sented by Maly and Maly (2003) provide specific information about Ponahawai. A bird catchers house site is described along the inland boundary with Kaumana. At least three other houses, a water hole, and a ba- nana grove are mentioned further seaward. Taro patches and a spring are described near the coast on the boundary with Punches. In 1824, a missionary station was established in Waiakea and the Hilo Boarding School was built at the foot of Haha`i Hill near the boundary between Ponahawai and Punahoa. Water was supplied to the school by a ditch that from the Wailuku River. Maiden's 1825 map of Hilo (Figure 5) shows a continuous expanse of fish ponds, tam fields and dwellings between the Wailuku and Wailoa Rivers fronting the bay. Whalers began stopping at Hilo in the mid -1820s. In the 1830s, a sawmill was built, and two stores were opened. By the end of the decade, a sugar cane plantation and mill were established on Ponahawai lands. A ditch was constructed by Kanuha in 1841 to supply water to the mill. Governor Kuakini ordered the clearing of Ponahawai lands and the planting of sugar cane. Benjamin Pitman, who was married to a daugh- ter of one of Kamehameha's favored chiefs, was appointed as Konohiki of Ponahawai, In 1840, the Wilkes Expedition arrived in Hilo and constructed an observatory on Waiakea Point on the east side of Hilo Bay. Wilkes made the following observation regarding recent agricultural activity: I have before spoken of the fruitfulness of this side of the island of Hawaii, the sugar -cane grows here in abundance, and is of large size; coffee succeeds well, as do in- digo and the taca, from which they make a quantity of arrow -root. For the manufacture of sugar, Governor Adams owns a small mill, in charge of two or three Chinamen; but it is in wretched condition. It is worked by a small stream of water led from the Wailuku river. The quantity of sugar made in 1840 was about thirty tons; but with a well -adapted mill, and under good management, a much larger quantity might be made... The natives now understand its culture well, and each has a small patch... Mr. Goodrich, the missionary who preceded Mr. Coan, was very desirous of in- troducing the culture of sugar cane and coffee, became very active in promoting it. (Wilkes 1845:209 cited in Maly and Maly 2003) The majority of Ponahawai became Crown Land during the Mahele. In 1850 Benjamin Pitman was issued a Royal Patent Grant (No. 252) for 345.2 acres in Pohahawai including the project area. Maly and Maly (2003; 50-159) provide an exhaustive review of Mahele testimony for Ponahawai including re- production of the original hand-written native testimony and translations. There were 25 claims for lands of which 22 encompassing a little over 44 acres were awarded. Five awarded claims also included lands in Punahoa. Kuleana parcels ranged from 0.28 to 12.8 acres in area. Most of the awarded parcels were ac- tuated between the shore and the base of the upland slopes. One claim Land Commission Award (LCA) 4983 to Kukeleau was for a kuleana consisting of planting fields and a house near Kaumana Cave. Kapuaa (LCA 4994) claimed a parcel in the uplands of Ponahawai close to the forest, which was not awarded. Table 1 lists the LCA claims in Ponahawai complied from Maly and Maly (2003) and the Indices of Awards (Indices 1929). The table gives the LCA number, claimant's name, land use described in the testimony, parcel boundaries, Royal Patent number, acreage, and date the claimant received the land and the person who gave them the land. The boundary data provide some indication of surrounding land use including one or more fish ponds (LCAs 1096-1098), a jail (LCAs 1100 and 1107), a Chinese man's sugar cane plantation (LCAs 1108, 4276, and 5705), and Pitman's cattle corral (LCA 5705). LCA 1334 mentions an adjacent taro patch. 0 0 0 11 I ilk. � \ ��» 0 0 11 C • E Table 1, Land Commission Aivard Maims in Fonakawai ;F}t l.la4nwl Rntav Gad l.4¢ Beaarlv.ry bvuvlary Bauadary 0auvdary baIC RtCd Glrtr .\waded poyal Atwapb Camweu R'ntiSLOYa Nvn4Mawlma Kas6AfaQ 5upth?aro Patent 24: Jahn G. Ce:kw sipRmlmFhwus aneahwd ND Paalzus NN NA Peuvut yn .09 049 Irm Ka+wdwu NM N.D ND NA3 Nal l (/a} Pclepla I UwelnnKl gne3 roxd PalAiBinv rwd, rand IBW Ilalaki IW9 1x17 coak bwaa pxt yn cacbxi Ralpv Ib?fi Bimm wi142 F.wsses, ea yl 15vutw fmLPmJ KavM Nm Jim ' tulJvalG3Ra; .NO its IM annum IUP Pavkaaa r°I°svdlul'°ilh Itwvx gortnai Kvtiw fifhyvrd 1om15roFts Bb N IoP ]n zn 6731 031 )048 KaeJnv mckaM to wiJ� 2kauro Bas1cwd K1iun9 4r4 Pnd Pa4apn 1932 Hanvsza ytr 2430 0)) Iffi9 Pminn nn4sttd\Yana minas Railta'v dv 1:4msna 1818 of ti.l iaiuw Pkla gxismd Puri its 1153 082 1.1W IN. v�wlnedbs..ids goziro� 4o1wh11i jail 1313 Laheca — tMvu 1xi 1154 09T 160) lahaine parfivlly r.MviN Int wkh 24nvstz lUl fwpaN main m:W nrpd NT. . mleeslon xa 1239 1.53 2Mpxaa SbinRemfs - Ila Lmsaws Mhdi>i xtn:e hidkss>m Ncwaixam cpW bsuymdl 1535 Vetaz )<s S718 3)38 2)0 3539 Ksawelwna Keawvlunmlt pwYrNil Knxelclbnh Nuwc,svzam, ND Kahwwnw. 730 2.16 I.M¢ r ad yes halfmdvrN bl 17*0 Heeeou pviil,2h mn,l labs lva z•'uvt Adac .mew 1833 iermHhi m Iluaipa l!i TC 2228 Kequ 2hw:see,2[elds fkwafirry 3.fiys.1N,41 ;Ela W.1 pun lord 1835 ilhlw )es 1152 309 — 2251 hl,nAWw.epn NO NO ND N&i PUU NT NN 7568 0.66 2181 Ivhn b. Kaivry ms1 Wtlxmh Ytalahi'u 1:vpa rews�as }aad�ed Mg wmnz yw 6788 287 KvnevaLitai4' Ili 2MRaunrw IMux, 3U.n. L.p K" idk hlnd i&tuW 1533 111.114" les 11M I."Kmauphmpiki lli 250 uu ' >rr SMI 028 pratwflYepti.,d 2576 11—A uw I IN w fli I M iaw.urm trait louplm& f:uPz X. 1840 Ku',w,1 }tea 458N4553 112 _ end I YJ• 0.1 ! 35.8 Ndrlkkpa faniUly endpstd tars BcAlcy Keaui Puk.t. 1443 KnaLo[e 11\6 ^063 —_._-___ IN Willlruati yes ChhrmzTr ' 42)ti KlPi ILaazGlr.0 rte.«._ Arakvakvz KeJ'a "pima t;H Katawvu ea Ac da claimNPwulwa Ien . 4933 KAk 2L.vmes,l GvW Kandsivn AI4RaiPEL[vm AtriiiiDSMM Alo,im Sura= 1841 Fikanv y> 5516 128 4%,l Ke/wan 2 3 ksmeLile R'a4a ul'etvvl IC®mmv N,b vlrnlvua 5517 5.H Yn J 5122 Kvn:¢+1uwm - e+•,.iffiw- aatexaa las 1114 1.49 — 1 3hwma AaeLit bzsoTiW KWVuu kanMJa 2 1'xibppai^ Wuamw rtxl Kaiemeui l:ainuuv n --_ $ ]05 Kapa1'ukale lab land Pi!mn'z wJ Chinrpmifs Borl rvW ukq,y care Kpkuau svcmv Ia wrtvl nM4N Ie0e31 KUrvlelwl SIIPWat,26ddr vmnsvad k.p Nii rncem ND 1601 Psskem 3a 1131 1.56 KsuaLiwi6 Bi The claim testimonies refer to only three iA land divisions: Huaina, Kanewahineiki, and Kamaka- • wili. Land use described in the LCA claim testimony includes residence, agriculture, and burial. Twenty- one house lots with 39 houses are mentioned and LCA 1709 also describes the presence of a grave. The houses include a cookhouse and two or more victualing houses. Ten of the house lots were either partially or completely enclosed. Most of the enclosures were probably walls, although one claim, LCA 1099, was enclosed with h plantings. The claim testimony mentions 12 kihapai, 7 fields, a planting ground, and coco- nut trees. By 1857, there were three sugar cane mills in the Hilo area. Large tracts of land were put in the cane cultivation and sugar cane was also grown by individuals around their houses. In 1861, a stone wharf was constructed at Waiakea landing on the west side of Waiakea Point. A sugar mill was established in Waiakea at the inland end of Waiakea Fishpond in the late 1870s. A railroad transport system was con- structed for the Waiakea Mill between 1879 and 1880. By 1880, 1,400 acres of sugar cane were in cultiva- tion and by the end of the decade over 5,600 acres were cultivated. In 1877, a 16 ft high tsunami struck the coast of Waiakea destroying all houses within 100 yards of the shore along with a wharf, storehouse, a qua- rantine hospital on Coconut Island, and a bridge. Between the 1860s and 1880s there were two wharf facilities on the west side of Waiakea Point, one on the Wailoa River, and on the west side of the bay at the foot of Waianuenue Street. Figure 6 shows the latter wharf and the extent of an 1881 lava flow from Mauna Loa that threatened Hilo. By the 1890s, the need for improved wharf facilities was recognized and the development of government harbor facilities began on the west side of Waiakea Point. A ship wharf was completed in 1899. By the late 1890s most of the upland portion of Ponahawai was sold in lots ranging from 20 to 100 acres. The lots were used for sugar cane cultivation. The smallest sugar plantation in Hilo was the Hawaii Mill Company in Ponahawai. It was estab- lished in 1901 and by 1905 its holdings consisted of a mill, four acres of land, and 1,776 acres of leased land with 10 miles of cane flumes used to transport the harvested sugar cane. The company was taken over • by the Hilo Sugar Company in 1920. Between 1900 and the 1930s, the population of Hilo grew dramatically with the expansion of sug- ar cane cultivation, pineapple production, the timber industry, and other commercial developments. In the 1910s, the Hilo Railroad Company expanded the rail system to Puna and Hilo Town. A railroad wharf was built north of the mouth of the Wailoa River. Between 1909 and 1913, the railroad was extended to North Hilo and Hamakua Districts. Figure 7 shows the Hilo Boarding School and Old Mission Ditch and a branch ditch to Alanaio Stream that would have been situated immediately seaward of the project area. A planta- tion road is shown that would have passed near the north side of the project area. By 1935, the Hilo Sugar Company had nearly 8,000 acres in cultivation. Although it continued to use flumes, by 1947 much of the cane was transported by truck. The company merged with Hilo Sugar Plantation Company in 1955 and became the Hilo Sugar Company, Ltd. which continued in operation until 1976. Figure 8 depicts the project areas as they were 1956. The pending opening of the Panama Canal and anticipated increase in trans -Pacific shipping lead to serious efforts to build a breakwater to protect shipping in Hilo Bay. Construction of the breakwater be- gan in 1908. The breakwater was initially planned for a location just east of Coconut Island, but the plan was modified and the selected site was approximately 6,000 ft east of the island. The initial plans called for a 10,000 ft long breakwater along Blonde Reef. Stone for the structure was brought by railroad from qua- rries in Puna and Waiakea. The breakwater was completed in 1929. By the 1910s, the existing railroad and government wharf facilities were inadequate to support shipping. In 1912, the Tentorial Government contracted the construction of a new wharf approximately one mile east of Coconut Island and the dredging of the adjacent portion of the bay. The new wharf, desig- nated Kuhio Wharf was completed in 1916. From the beginning, the wharf was congested and plans for a second wharf were made. Construction of the wharf began in 1921 and it was completed in 1923. A third wharf was completed in 1927. 0 . XiX �= r.w 73 rl L14 jp . . ... ... ... .. . .... ....... .. Figure g. Portion of Lyon's 1982 Register Mar No. R92 show 1891 Lava Flow 10 Figure 7. Portion of c. 1920 20 Map of Hilo Sugar Company Fields II E 0 0 r1 U • 12 fa In summary, historical documentary research indicates that the coastal portion of Ponahawai front- • ing Hilo Bay was intensively settled and cultivated. In the early 1800s, missionaries established a mission station at Hilo because of its large population, abundant freshwater, and cultivation potential. Soon churches and schools were established Whalers stopped at Hilo because of the protected anchorage and availability of freshwater and provisions. Sugar cane cultivation, cattle ranching, and trade in pulu, arro- wroot, and sandalwood rapidly changed the traditional subsistence economy. during the early to mid -1800s. . By the late 1800s, vast areas were in sugar cane production and large scale timber harvesting was underway. Transportation infrastructure including a railroad system and wharf facilities were established. The area underwent a dramatic increase in population as people came to the area to work for the plantations and other commercial developments. Previous Archaeological Research A search of the DLNR-SHPD archaeological report database and other sources identified seven archaeological projects that included portions of Ponahawai. Figure 9 shows the project locations and Ta- ble 2 summarizes the projects. Not included in the figure or table are the studies by Stokes (Stokes and Dye 1991), which focused on major sites, primarily heiau throughout Hawaii Island, a survey of east Hawaii by Hudson (1932), and the general, primarily archival, studies of McEldowney (1979). None of the previous studies included the current project area. Stokes (Stokes and Dye 1991), relying in part on the earlier obser- vations of Thrum, listed six heiau for the Hilo area; however, all were destroyed at the time of Stokes fieldwork in 1906 and none were reported for Ponahawai. Table 2. Summary of Previous Archaeological Work Author Land Study Elevation Area Total Total Type' (ft) (ac) Sites Feas. Welder and Kukuau 2, Ponaha- Ward (1992) wai EX 5-15 20.3 0 Kelly and Athens piihonua, Punahoa, (1982), Wickler Ponahawai RN 15-285 13.3 5 5 1990) Wickler (1990) Kukuau 22, Ponaha- EX 40-50 0.34 0 wai Jensen (1991) Ponahawai and Pu- IN 24010 222 2 2 nahoa 1st and 2nd Robins, Fortini Kukuau 1-2, Pona- and Spear hawai and Punahoa IN 280-470 15.15 0 (1996) Latinis and Ken- Punahoa 1, Pona- nedy (1996) hawai Homesteads, WAS 400-840 4.85 1 10 Kukuau 1 Goodfellow and Ponahawai IN 1095-1450 366 5 10 Fager (1992) Total/Average i j 641.94 1 13 27 ` - RN = Reconnaissance, AS = Assessment, E(= Excavation, IN = Inventory Survey • 13 14 9`� \ `'\ `� W F 1 . h No 1, I 16, It k or 14 The projects in Table 2 cover over 640 acres of Ponahawai between 5 ft and 1,450 ft elevation. • None of the projects identified any traditional Hawaiian sites undoubtedly a result of urbanization and plan- tation -related land use. Historic remains identified consist of eight with 27 features. Nearly all of the identi- fied features (20) are piles of stone resulting from clearing for sugar cane cultivation. The other features include two house sites, a cemetery, irrigation ditch, a jail, and two churches. McEldowney (1979) and Hudson (1932) do not report any sites for Ponahawai. McEldowney used the limited site inventory for surrounding areas and historic documentary evidence to develop a land use and settlement pattern model for the Hilo area. The model consists of five elevationally-defined zones: Coastal Settlement, Upland Agricultural, Lower Forest, Rainforest, and Sub -Alpine or Montane. The Coastal Settlement Zone extended approximately 0.5 miles inland from the shoreline between sea level and 50 ft elevation. The zone was the most densely populated with both permanent and temporary habitations, high status chiefly residences, and heiau. Settlements were concentrated at Hilo Bay and sheltered bays and coves. Also present were Fishponds and gardens where breadfruit, coconut, kukui, banana, wauke, sugar cane, sweet potato, and wet and dryland taro were cultivated. The ocean provided fish and other marine resources. The Upland Agricultural Zone was situated between approximately 50 ft and 1,500 ft elevation. Settlement in the zone consisted of scattered residences among economically beneficial trees and agricul- tural plots of dryland taro and bananas. Lava tubes were utilized for shelter. A pattern of shifting cultivation is believed to have converted the original forest cover to parkland of grass and scattered groves of trees. Wetland cultivation of taro occurred along streams. The Lower Forest Zone ranged from 1,500 ft to 2,500 ft elevation. Timber and other forest re- sources such as medicinal plants, olona, and birds were gathered from the zone. Site types consisted of temporary habitations, trials, shrines, and minor agricultural features in forest clearings and along streams. Sites in the Rainforest Zone (2,500-5,000 ft elevation) and Subalpine or Montane Zone (5,000-9,000 ft) were limited to trails and associated temporary habitations. These zones were used for intra -island travel and gathering of valued resources including hardwoods, birds, and stone for tool making. PROJECT EXPECTATIONS Prehistoric to early historic use of the project area was probably limited because the focus of set- tlement was along the coast. The project area is situated in McEldowny's (1979) Upland Agricultural Zone that was traditionally used for gathering floral and faunal resources and limited agricultural activity; how- ever, plantation agriculture probably obliterated any trace of traditional use. Expected historic sites would be dominated by plantation remains such as clearing features, plantation workers camps, irrigation infra- structure and transportation system remains- 15 0 FINDINGS The archaeological examination of the c. 1 -acre portion of the project area (TMK: 2-3-49:52) yielded no archaeological sites or features. This parcel has been disturbed, likely by sugarcane cultivation evidenced by bulldozed berms of soil and stone and secondary growth vegetation dominated by small gua- va The survey of TNM: 2-3-37:001 identified two historic site complexes with 23 features (Figure 10). The identified features consist of 16 mounds, two modified outcrops, two terraces, a bridge, a road and a wall. Functionally the features consist of agriculture (n=18), transportation (n=2), erosion control (n=2) and work area (n=1). No subsurface testing was undertaken during the project due to the historic nature of the identified features. Site 24022 Site 24022 is a complex of five features situated in the northern portion of the parcel, within and adjacent to a seasonal stream drainage that extends through the area in an east-northeast by west-southwest direction. The features consist of a bridge and associated abutments (Feature A), a road (Feature B), a large terrace with associated sub -features (Feature C), a terrace retaining wall (Feature D), and a free-standing wall (Feature E). The distribution of the five features is presented in Figure 10. Feature A (H&A Temporary Number T-1) consists of two stone abutments and a concrete bridge (Figure 11). The main bridge abutment is a large roughly rectangular -shaped terrace that originates on top of the northern side of the drainage and extends across the drainage to the south-southeast. This por- tion of the feature is 16.3 to 23.6 in (east-northeast by west-southwest) and 16.3 to 19.0 in wide (north- northwest by south-southeast). Stacked and faced, near vertical cobble and small boulder retaining walls are present along the east, west and south sides of the terrace, ranging in width from 0.8 to 1.3 in wide and • 0.7 to 3.7 in in height. An example of these well-built retaining walls is presented in Figure 12. U The surface of the abutment is comprised of a level soil deposit with historic debris consisting of a concrete block and a metal fuel drum. Three large banyan trees are growing out of the surface along the eastern side. A berm of soil and boulders is located along the northern side of the abutment likely built to restrict access to the bridge (discussed below) after the site was abandoned. A low terrace is situated 2.75 in east of the main abutment, on the side of the slope angling down to the southeast. The terrace retaining wall is 3.3 in long (north-northeast by south-southwest), 0.3 to 0.45 in in height on the downslope side and level with the surrounding ground surface on the upslope side. The concrete bridge is located in the center of the south -southeastern side of the main abutment. It originates on the abutment and extends 4.95 in to the south-southeast, terminating on top of the southern bank of the drainage. The bridge has collapsed in the center and is comprised of a formed concrete slab that is 6 "(15.3 em) thick (Figure 13). The Feature B road (discussed below) extends to the south-southeast from the concrete bridge. A second stone abutment is located along the southern side of the drainage, also built of stacked cobbles and small boulders. This abutment originates 1.8 in to the west-southwest of the bridge and extends to 19.5 in to the east-northeast. The northern side of this abutment abuts the ground surface along the top of the drainage and the south side has been built up to heights ranging fro in 1.0 to 4.5 in. The stream bed has been artificially channeled between the northern side of the main abutment and the southern side of the second abutment This channel ranges in width from 0.95 to 2.7 in. A free- standing stacked stone wall is located along the north side of the stream bed, at the southwest comer of the main abutment. The wall is 6.3 in long (east-northeast by west-southwest), 0.7 to 0.9 in wide and 0.6 to 0.9 in in height. This wall appears to have been built to assist in diverting the water through the artificial chan- nel. 16 CI Gfi 13E7 2400 . 0 20 4(t bout _ 'z Ponahmsai Street 1� Upper edge of dr hm c ._ Unto of dranmg n Ur9tltigu F KontoLnna Street Site 24022 110�4CL ' ' Fii1L111d:aY i� `K , F Si1c 24023 d, la . C, q.0 i► e ' C ®n Uruccorded 0Q 'o e - � lhlrccordnl '. ntoUtLa Figure 10. Site Location ;Vlap Features A -it —I Iiswric sug:ucmm clearing features asswiated with Site 24023 17 0 0 El 18 I 11 J 18 I Feature A is interpreted as an historic bridge constructed to permit vehicular traffic to cross the stream drainage. This is based on its location and formal type, and the presence of the concrete span and historic debris. The feature is unaltered and in fair condition. Feature B (T -2a) is a dirt road that extends to the south-southeast from the concrete bridge at Fea- ture A. The overall extend of Feature B is illustrated in Figure 10 and portions of the road are illustrated in Figures 10 and 14. The road is 25.5 in long and averages 4.5 in wide. The seaward (eastern) side of the road is bordered by a discontinuous stacked cobble and small boulder retaining wall that ranges in height from 0.3 to 0.6 in and in width fro m0.5 to 0.7 in. The inland (western) side of the road abuts the side of the slope that angles down to the east. The surface of the road is comprised of a level soil deposit with scattered surface stones. The southern end of the road terminates at the northern end of a large terraced area (Feature C) discussed below). Feature B is interpreted as an historic transportation route used to connect the Feature A bridge with the Feature C terrace. This is based on its formal type and spatial association with Features A and C. It is unaltered and in fair condition. Feature C (T -2b) consists of a large irregularly-shaped terrace and associated sub -features si- tuated at the southern end of the Feature B road (see Figure 14). The feature is situated within a dense bamboo grove. The main terrace is 18.5 to 27.5 in long (north-northeast by south-southwest) and 9.3 to 17.7 in wide. Linear stacked cobble and small boulder retaining walls extend along the northeast and south sides of the terrace, ranging in width from 0.4 to 0.7 and in height from 0.6 to 1.25 in. The northeastern wall is 18.5 in long and the southern wall is 18.7 an wide. An example of a Feature C retaining wall is pre- sented in Figure 15. The inland side of the main terrace abuts the side of the slope that angles down to the east. The surface of the terrace is comprised of a level soil with scattered debris consisting of aban- doned dishwashers, vehicle parts and a concrete cinder block. There is a linear, formed concrete footing located on the surface of the terrace 0.5 in north of the southern retaining wall. The footing is 3.05 in long • (east-northeast by west-southwest), 0.4 in wide and 0.2 in in height (Figure 16). A metal bed frame is lean- ing against the southern retaining wall near its southwestern end. Several sub -features are associated with the Feature C terrace. A ramp -like structure extends to the east from the main terrace. This ramp is roughly rectangular in shape and is 5.15 in long (north -south) and 4.1 in wide. A V-shaped indentation bisects the ramp, extending into it from the eastern side. The east and south sides consists of low stacked walls (0.2 to 0.45 in in height) and the north side is comprised of a free- standing wall that is 0.75 in wide, 0.25 in in height above the ramp surface and 0.7 in in height on the northern side. The surface is comprised of uneven soil and cobbles. A linear piled stone wall extends to the east from the main terrace, to the south of the ramp. It is 6.15 in long, 0.75 to 0.9 in wide and 0.6 to 0.6 in in height. A wooden post is set vertically into the wall at its western end, and a circular concrete pad with 4" square hole in the center is located on top of the wall 1.8 in to the east. A second concrete pad with a square hole is located on the ground surface 1.6 in to the east of the wall and a series of three low stone cairns are situated further to the east. These cairns are spaced at 3.7 to 4.6 in intervals (east -west) and range in size from 0.75 to 1.0 in diameter and 0.4 to 0.6 in in height (Figure 17). The two westem-most cairns contain concrete pads with square holes in the center and the eastern cairn contains a metal fence post set vertically in the center. A pair of truck tires is located 6.5 in south of the southwestern western comer of the main terrace. Two additional stone caims are located 18.0 in west-northwest of the tires, spaced 3.6 in apart (east -west). These cairns are identical to those present to the east of the main terrace, both evidencing concrete pads • with square holes in the center. 20 0 21 s r'_ \r2 1 5 c v L . Is L L i C- 00 1 e Li v I I L - O ML m 9 b d 5 L 21 \a/» zzy:/ . d: Figure P. Site 24022, FCatIIFe C Stone Cairns, view to cast Figure 18. Site 24022, Feature D Retaining Wall, view to south 23 • 0 F' C. • Feature C is interpreted as the foundation for a historic work or shop area, potentially used in con- junction with the historic cultivation of sugar cane in the area. A structure may have once existed on the surface of the main terrace based on the presence of the concrete footing. The ramp along the eastern side of the terrace was likely used to gain access to the terrace surface from this side. The linear wall and post - support remnants indicates that at least part of the feature was once surrounded by a fence. Feature C is unaltered and in fair condition. Feature D (T -11a) is a discontinuous terrace retaining wall that extends along the southern side of the seasonal drainage, inland of Feature A. The overall extent of Feature D is depicted in Figure 10 and portions of the feature are illustrated on Figures 10 and 19. It originates 5.8 in west-southwest of the con- crete bridge at Feature A and extends inland along the upper bank of the drainage a distance of 101.0 in. The top of the retaining wall is roughly level with the surrounding ground surface to the south of the drai- nage and varies in height from 0.4 to 0.75 in on the north side (Figure 18). The wall ranges in width from 0.5 to 0.9 in. Feature D is interpreted as an erosional control feature designed to prevent runoff water from eroding the southern stream bank. This feature was likely used in conjunction with artificial channel at Fea- ture A due to their proximity to each other. Feature D is unaltered and in poor to fait condition. Feature E (T -11b) is a free-standing stone wall located in a naturally restricted portion of the sea- sonal drainage, 70.5 in inland from Feature A. The wall is located on the north side of the current drainage bed, 3.15 to 3.75 in north of the Feature D retaining wall (Figure 19). The wall is 8.2 in long (east-northeast by west-southwest), 1.0 to 1.1 in wide and 0.8 to 13 in in height (Figure 20). It is built of stacked and faced cobbles and small boulders with a core -filled interior. The eastern end of the wall terminates at the top of a c. 7.0 in near vertical drop in the stream bed. Feature E is also assigned an erosional control func- tion that was likely used to divert run-off water through an artificially prepared channel, preventing erosion of the southern stream bank. This was likely done to maintain the current stream bed to prevent damage to the main Feature A abutment located downstream. Feature E is unaltered and in fair condition. • Site 24023 Site 24023 is a complex of 18 stone features located in the southern portion of the parcel. The fea- tures consist of 16 mounds and two modified outcrops. Two additional mounds were observed in the im- mediate vicinity of the parcel but were not documented because they are situated outside the boundaries of the project area. The physical characteristics of the recorded features are summarized in Table 3 and their distribution is depicted in Figure 10. The mounds range in length from 2.4 to 8.5 in (average of 5.1 m), in width from 1.2 to 4.1 in (av- erage of 2.84 m), and in height from 0.15 to 1.5 in (average of 0.73 m). The majority of the mounds (n=8) are oval in shape, with the remainder consisting of irregularly-shaped (n=6) and linear (n=2). All of the mounds evidence uneven, irregular surfaces, with three of the mounds built of piled cobbles and small boulders and 15 constructed of stacked stones with faced sides. Large Umbrella trees (Brassaia actinophyl- la Endl.) are growing out of the surface of six of the mounds. A metal fuel drum was noted on one mound, a blue glass bottle was observed at one mound, and two metal fence posts extended out of the surface of one mound. of the center of Feature V. out The Site 24023 features are interpreted as historic sugarcane clearing features. Although the ma- jority of these features are relatively well constructed with faced sides, they each evidenced uneven, irregu- lar surfaces and several contained historic debris. Similar well-built features interpreted as historic clearing features have been documented in the Hilo area by Latinis and Kennedy (1996) and by Rechtman and Hen- ry (1998). Examples of the Site 24023 features are illustrated in Figures 21 and 22. The site is unaltered • and in fair condition. 24 W."") - Height in n"(" i Slnp: JircUion !I 4,' `? 11 11.511 Y i 1 Figure 20. Site 24022, Feature E Nall, view to northeast 25 9 0 11 r� U Table 3. Summary of Site 24023 Historic Agricultural Features e4meaauremants fumeters 26 Length Width Min Max. Shape comment Temp. H&A Fleld Height Height Me ZMwnd Designation 6.80 3.40 0.60 1.50 Irregular Stacked and faced sides, uneven surface 5.10 3.10 0.20 0.75 Oval Piled sides unevsurface 3b 4.60 3.75 0.35 0.50 Irk uiar Piled sides, uneven surface 5 D Mound 6.60 3.30- 0.30 0.90 Irregular Stacked and faced sides, uneven surface 4a E Mound 3.60 1.30 0.45 0.60 Linear Piled sides uneven surface .4b Piled stones around perimeter d knoll, F Modified outcrop 10.80 9.00 0.50 1.00 Irregular metal fuel drum present- Feature G 9 located at south end of knot G Mound 4.40 3.00 0.60 0.85 Irregular Stacked sides with uneven surface, Umbrella tree 8 H Modified outcrop 4.50 2.70 0-40 130 Oval Stacked and faced sides, uneven surface Umbrella tree Be I Mound 5.15 3.30 0.30 1.40 Oval Stacked and faced sides, uneven surface 61) Stacked and faced sides, uneven J Mound 2.40 1.85 0.40 1.00 Oval surface, Umbrella tree, glass bottle 7 resent Stacked and faced sides, uneven K Mound 5.80 1.20 0.30 0.90 Linear surface, 2 metal fenceposts extending 10a vertical from mound L Mound 6.30 2.90 0.15 1.00 irregular Stacked and faced sides, uneven surface 10b 5.80 2.50 0.20 0,70 Oval Stacked sides with uneven surface, Umbrella tree 12 8.50 4.10 1.20 1.50 Oval Stacked sides with uneven surface, Umbrella free 13 5.10 2.90 1.00 120 Oval Stacked sides with uneven surface, Umbrella tree 14a [pRMwnd 4.20 3.00 0.20 1.10 Oval Stacked and faced sides, uneven surface 14b 3.00 2.50 0.40 0.80 Oval Stacked and faced sides, uneven surface 14c Stacked and faced sides, uneven ' 4.30 3.40 0.75 1.10 irregular surface, Umbrella tree, metal fuel drum 15 Present e4meaauremants fumeters 26 Figure 21. Site 24023, Feature J Mound, view to north Figure 22. Site 24023. Feature. M Mound, view to southwest 27 • F", • CONCLUSION The survey results conform to the expectations derived from historical and archaeological back- ground research. The research indicated that sites would be limited to historic remains most probably asso- ciated with plantation agriculture. The Site 24023 clearing features are undoubtedly associated with sugar cane cultivation. Similar features are reported by Latinis and Kennedy (1996) and by Rechtman and Henry (1998). The Site 24022 complex is probably plantation -related infrastructure consisting of the remains of a road and bridge that provided vehicular access to shop or work area represented by Feature C, possibly used to service of store vehicles based on the presence of truck tires, vehicle parts (axle, transmission) and a fuel drum. A concrete footing and rectangular terrace potentially represent foundations for some type of structures. There is no evidence of plumbing associated with two dishwashers on Feature C that probably represent items dumped after it was abandoned. The large Feature A level area with retaining walls may represent an area used for storing vehicles or equipment. Significance Assessments Pursuant to DLNR (2003) Chapter 275-6 (d), the initial significance assessments provided herein are not final until concurrence from the DLNR has been obtained. Sites identified during the survey are assessed for significance based on the criteria outlined in the Rules Governing Procedures for Historic Pre- servation Review (DLNR 1998: Chap 275). According to these rules, a site must possess integrity of loca- tion, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association and shall meet one or more of the following criteria: 1. Criterion "a". Be associated with events that have made an important contribution to the broad patterns of our history; to2. Criterion "b". Be associated with the lives of persons important in our past; • 3. Criterion "c". Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of con- struction; represent the work of a master, or possess high artistic value; 4. Criterion "d". Have yielded, or is likely to yield, information important for research on prehistory or history; and 5. Criterion "e". Have an important traditional cultural value to the native Hawaiian people or to another ethnic group of the state due to associations with traditional cultural practic- es once carried out, or still carried out, at the property or due to associations with tradi- tional beliefs, events or oral accounts—these associations being important to the group's history and cultural identity. Based on the above criteria, both sites are assessed as significant under Criterion "d". The sites have yielded information important for understanding historic plantation agriculture in the project area. Recommended Treatments The mapping, written descriptions, and photography at the sites adequately document them and no further work or preservation is recommended. 28 References DLNR (Department of Land and Natural Resources) ' 2003 Hawaii Administrative Rules, Title 13, Department of Land and Natural Resources, State Historic Preservation Division. Goodfellow, S. and M: Fager 1992 Archaeological Inventory Survey, Kaumana Property, Land of Ponahawai, South Hilo District, Island of Hawaii (TMK: 3-2-5-03:27). PHRI report 1079-011792 prepared for Sam Hirota, Inc., Honolulu. Hudson, A.E 1932 Archaeology of East Hawaii. B.P. Bishop Museum Manuscript. Honolulu. Indices 1929 Indices ofAwards Made by the Board ofLand Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Ha- waiian Islands. Territory of Hawai'i, Honolulu. Jensen, P: 1991 Archaeological Inventory Survey, Komohana Golf Course: Lands of Ponahawai and Pu- nahoa 102, South Hilo District, Island of Hawaii. PHRI Report 998. Kelly, M., B. Nakamura and D.B Barrere 1981 Hilo Bay: A Chronological History, Land and Water Use in the Hilo Bay Area, Island of Hawaii. Prepared for U.S. Army Engineer District, Honolulu. • Kelly, M. and S. Athens 1982 Archaeological and Historical Studies for the Alenaio Stream Flood Drainage Reduction Survey, Hilo Hawaii. Department of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum report prepared for U.S. Army Engineer Division, Pacific Ocean- Latinis, D., and J. Kennedy 1996 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey and Assessment of the Piihonua-Kukuau Trans- mission Main and Reservoir, Punahoa 1, Ponahawai Homesteads, Kukuau 1, South Hilo District, Island of Hawaii. Archaeological Consultants of the Pacific, Inc. Report pre- pared for Mr. Roy Takemoto, Hilo, Hawaii. Maly, K. and O. Maly 2003 He Wahi Mo'olelo No Ponahawai AMe Punahoa Ma Hilo: A Collection of Traditions and Historical Accounts for Ponahawai and Punahoa, District of Hilo, Island of Hawaii. Prepared by Knout Pono Associates for Kimura International. Rechtman, R., and J.D. Henry 1998 University of Hawaii -Hilo, Kawili Street Development, Archaeological Inventory Survey (TMK:3-2-4-01:5), Waiakea Ahupua'a, South Hilo District, Island of Hawaii. P14RI Re- port 1877. Prepared for Inaba Engineering, Inc. Robins, J., W. Fortin, and R- Spear 1996 An Archaeological Inventory Survey of the Proposed Mohouli Connector Road, Abu- pua`a of Kukuau I and 2, Ponahawai and Punahoa, South Hilo District, Island of Hawaii. Scientific Consultant Services of Hawaii Report 085-2 prepared for Youngki Hahn, Ph.D. • 29 • Sato, H.H., E.W. Ikeda, R. Paeth, R. Smythe, and M. Takehiro Jr. 1973 Soil Survey ofthe Island of Hawaii. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and University of Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station. Washington D.C. Government Printing Office. Stokes, J. and T. Dye 1991 Heiau of the Island of Hawaii. Bishop Muse an Bulletin in Anthropology 2. Bishop Mu- seum press, Honolulu. Wickler, S. 1990 Archaeological Subsurface Test Excavations for Alenaio Stream Flood Damage Reduction Measures, Hilo, Hawaii. International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc. report prepared for U.S. Army Engineer District, Honolulu. Wielder, S., and J. Ward 1992 Archaeological and Paleoenvironmental Investigations, Alenaio Stream Flood Control Project, Hilo, Hawaii Island. International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc. report prepared for U.S. Army Engineer District, Honolulu. Wilkes, C. 1845 Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition During the Years 1838-1842. Under the Command of C. Wilkes, S.SN. Vol. 4 Philadelphia: Loa and Blanchard. RIS ,. ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT L WAI LAN I MASTER PLANNED DEVELOPMENT at PONAHAWAI, SOUTH HILO, HAWAII J- Prepared for: WAILANI DEVELOPMENT, LLC Prepared by: FLEMING & Associates, LLC Is December, 2009 v CONTENTS • A. SUBJECT REQUEST.............................................................................1 1. Project Summary.. 2. Project Description a. Phase 1........................................................................................3 b. Phase 2........................................................................................4 c. Phase 3.............................................:..........................................5 3. Statement of Objectives and Reasons for the Request..........................................21 4. Timeframe............................................................................................21 5. Potential Permits and Approvals..................................................................22 B. CONFORMANCE WITH STATE/COUNTY PLANS...................................23 1. State Land Use......................................................................................23 2. General Plan.........................................................................................23 a. Consistency with General Plan Goals and Policies....................................25 b. Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide Map...............................................26 3. Zoning................................................................................................28 4. Community Development Plan...................................................................29 5. Special Management Area........................................................................30 • C. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE PROPERTY AND SURROUNDING AREA...............................................31 1. Physical Characteristics and Environmental Setting...........................................31 a. Description of Subject Property.........................................................31 b. Location....................................................................................31 c. Climate......................................................................................31 d. Topography and Slope....................................................................31 e. Lava Hazard Zone.........................................................................32 f. Soils.........................................................................................32 g. Flood Insurance Rate Map................................................................37 h. Drainage.....................................................................................38 i. Air Quality..................................................................................41 j. Noise.........................................................................................42 k. Water Quality...............................................................................44 2. Historic Resources...................................................................................45 a. Archaeological..............................................................................45 b. Cultural......................................................................................46 3. Natural Resources...................................................................................47 a. Botanical Resources........................................................................47 b. Terrestrial Fauna............................................................................50 4. Socio -Economic Characteristics...................................................................52 • a. Existing Conditions........................................................................52 b. Economic Impact...........................................................................54 5. Surrounding Lands..................................................................................55 a. Land Use....................................................................................55 b. Zoning........................................................................................56 D. PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES.....................................................57 • 1. Roads and Traffic...................................................................................57 a. Access........................................................................................57 b. Traffic Impact Analysis Report...........................................................58 2. Water.................................................................................................70 a. Existing Conditions........................................................................70 b. Project Impacts and Mitigation...........................................................71 3. Sewage Disposal.....................................................................................72 a. Existing Conditions........................................................................72 b. Project Impacts and Mitigation...........................................................72 4. Solid Waste..........................................................................................77 a. Existing Conditions.........................................................................77 b. Project Impacts and Mitigation...........................................................77 5. Electrical..............................................................................................77 a. Existing Conditions........................................................................77 b. Project Impacts and Mitigation...........................................................78 6. Other Utilities and Services........................................................................78 a. Telecommunications.......................................................................78 b. Gas............................................................................................79 7. Police and Fire Protection..........................................................................79 a. Police.........................................................................................79 b. Fire............................................................................................79 • 8. Schools................................................................................................79 9. Parks................................................:..................................................81 E. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS..................................82 1. Relationship Between Local Short Term Uses of Environment and Maintenance and Enhancement of Long -Term Productivity .......................................................82 2. Mitigative Measures Proposed to Avoid, Minimize, Rectify or Reduce Impact ............ 82 3. Alternative to the Proposed Development.......................................................82 4. Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Natural Resources That Would be Involved if the Proposed Action is Implemented...............................................83 F. REFERENCES....................................................................................84 0 Appendices • A Preliminary Drainage Report Prepared University Terrace Master Plan (project) Hilo, Island of Hawai'i M & E Pacific. June 24, 2003 B Draft Air Quality Study (Prepared for the) Proposed University Terrace, South Hilo, Hawai'i B.D. Neal and Associates. July, 2003 C Draft Environmental Noise Report, (Prepared for) Ponahawai University Terrace (Project), Hilo, Hawai'i D.L. Adams & Associates, Ltd. June, 2003. D Letter report Subject: Archaeological Field Inspection, Sure Save Parcel (TMK:3-2-3- 037:001) Hann & Associates. December 12, 2002 E He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai a me Punahoa ma Hilo, A Collection of Traditions and Historical Accounts for Ponahawai and Punahoa, District of Hilo, Island of Hawai'i Kumu Pono Associates. May, 2003 F Botanical Survey, TMK 2-3-44: 19 and 53 Preliminary Investigation of Potential Wetlands at Ponahawai, Hilo • Geometrician Associates, LLC. 2003 G A Survey of Avian and Terrestrial Mammalian Species of the Ponahawai Mixed Use Planned Community Site, South Hilo District, Hawai'i Rana Productions, Ltd. June, 2003 H Wailani Development: Economic and Fiscal Impacts Plasch Econ Pacific LLC. November, 2009 Traffic Impact Analysis Report for Wailani Center, Hilo, Island of Hawai'i, Hawai'i AECOM. December, 2009. Note: Appendices reports A, B, C, D, E, F and G were originally prepared by the individual consultants for Western United Life Assurance Company Metropolitan Mortgage & Securities, Inc., for their Project District Application for the University Terrace Master Planned Community in 2003. Given that the size of the proposed Wailani project approximates that of the University Terrace Master Planned Community it appears that the information contained in the pre-existing reports is relative and meaningful to the Wailani project. is List of FIGURES FIGURE 1 Location Map.....................................................................9 • FIGURE2 Tax Map............................................................................10 FIGURE 3.A Phase 1 Master Plan...............................................................1 l FIGURE 33 Phase 2 Master Plan...............................................................12 FIGURE 3.0 Phase 3 Master Plan...............................................................13 FIGURE 3.1 Vignette Sketch: Medical Office Complex....................................14. FIGURE 3.2 Vignette Sketch: Commercial Complex........................................15 FIGRUE 3.3 Vignette Sketch: Senior Housing "Kupuna Kumiai .......................... 16 FIGURE 3.4 Vignette Sketch: Public Open Space............................................17 FIGURE 3.5 Vignette Sketch: Ponahawai Street Extension.................................18 FIGURE 3.6 Vignette Sketch: Pedestrian & Emergency Access Road at Termination of MalanaiRoad......................................................................19 FIGURE 4 State Land Use....................................................................24 FIGURE 5 General Plan.......................................................................27 FIGURE 6 Not Used FIGURE7 Soils.................................................................................34 FIGURE 8 Land Use Bureau (LSB) Classification.........................................35 • FIGURE 9 ALISH..............................................................................36 FIGURE 10 Flood Insurance Rate Map.......................................................37 FIGURE 11 Stormwater and Water Improvements...................................40 & 74 FIGURE 12 Sewer Study and Improvements................................................75 FIGURE 13 Sewer Flow Estimate.............................................................76 List of TABLES TABLE 1 Proposed Master Plan Uses.......................................................20 TABLE 2 Potential Permits and Approvals................................................22 E Commercial: 22.70 acres. • Phase 1: Approximately 100,000 SF gross building area. • Phase 2: Approximately 100,000 SF gross building area. Elderly Housing: 26.80 acres • Phase 2: Up to 333 units. 1 A. SUBJECT REQUEST PROJECT SUMMARY Item Description Project Name Wailani Landowner Wailani Development, LLC 670 Ponahawai Street. Hilo, HI 96720 Address Inland side of Komohana Street, Ponahawai, South Hilo, Hawaii Tax Map Key Third Division 2-3-44:19 2-3-49:53 2-3-37:01 Acreage and Zoning Parcel Area Zoning 2-3-44:19 162.5 acres Project District 2-3-49:53 1.0 acres Project District 2-3-37:01 8.0 acres Project District • 171.5 Existing Uses Unimproved and overgrown with thick vegetation and large, mature trees. Statement of Objectives and Reasons County Project District Application for the Request Proposed Project (proposed units, Medical Office Complex: 14 acres. timeframe, costs, parking, traffic impacts, on and off site infrastructure) . Phase 1: Approximately 100,000 SF gross building area. • Phase 2: Approximately 80,000 SF gross building area. E Commercial: 22.70 acres. • Phase 1: Approximately 100,000 SF gross building area. • Phase 2: Approximately 100,000 SF gross building area. Elderly Housing: 26.80 acres • Phase 2: Up to 333 units. 1 Proposed Project (cont) Single -Family residential: 31.90 acres • Phase 3: Up to 58 Small Lots and 37 Large • Lots Multi -Family residential: 17.50 acres • Phase 2: Up to 90 units Business Park: 17.80 acres. Phase 1: Approximately 100,000 SF gross building area accommodated on up to 38 individual 20,000 SF parcels). Open Space (excluding roadways): 20.40 acres. State Land Use Designation Urban Zoning Designations The approval of County of Hawai'i Ordinance No. 04 144, approved December 8, 2004, changed the District Classification from A -la, CN -40, RS -7.5, RS -10 and O to Project District. Flood Insurance Rate Map Zone AE (areas inundated by 100 -year flood, base flood elevation determined), Zone A (areas inundated by 100 -year flood, no base flood elevation determined), Zone X (outside flood hazard zone). is 0 1. Project Description • The proposed Wailani project is a mixed-use community incorporating "new urbanism" design concepts, sustainability and other best practices intended to promote a more livable, healthy and pedestrian -friendly community. A preliminary concept plan is shown in Figure 3. A Project District designation would allow flexibility in the mix and location of the various land uses, with the basic parameters of the conceptual plan. This Project District application and Environmental Report assume the following basic parameters: PHASE 1 — to be completed and occupied by 2015 FIGURE 3 A • Medical Office Campus (Approximately 100,000 SF gross building area): the primary component of the project would consist of one to two story buildings and accessory site improvements for multiple physician offices (i.e. Orthopedic Clinic, Cardiology Clinic, Primary Care Clinic, etc.) as well as stand-alone medical service clinics by recognized vendors such as Kaiser Permanente and HMC. The secondary use of the medical campus would be Diagnostic services such as Radiology and Labs; Health Maintenance services such as Dialysis, Pharmacy and • Physical Therapy and Ancillary services such as medical records and equipment storage, centralized billing services, centralized Human Resources and employment services, centralized medical data technology center, training classrooms and conference facilities. • Commercial (Approximately 100,000 SF gross building area): this component of the project would consist of one to two story commercial areas and accessory site improvements located near Komohana Street to create a unique shopping area offering a wide variety of commercial and retail services; a Hilo -Style neighborhood marketplace to serve the adjacent senior community, medical campus and surrounding residential communities. Low density, pedestrian friendly retail and other office uses are envisioned. Tenants may include supermarket/grocery, sundry stores, caterer, pharmacy, restaurants, financial services, insurance services, health club, entertainment services, computer services farmer's market and other types of establishments. The primary goal for the commercial component is to attract local vendors and service providers who may invest in our community for the long-term. Big -Box retail such as Wal-Mart, Target and Costco would not be considered a preferred tenant as construction of such large buildings would be contrary to the goal to attract local vendors and service providers and create a friendly residential style community. • • Open Space Park (Active Space): approximately 6.90 acres has been dedicated for open -space improvements to accommodate passive and active recreational opportunities. This area would be available to the Hilo community and would be 3 suitable for active recreation such as tennis courts, playgrounds, bike/pedestrian paths, soccer field, picnic pavilions, etc. In addition, it would be desirable to build an indoor recreation complex with gymnasium, health club, tennis courts, locker rooms, • indoor track, etc. to provide recreation opportunities during times of inclement weather. • Open Space Park (Passive Space): approximately 7.50 acres at Pu'u Hono will be dedicated and preserved as a natural open space for passive use. Pu'u Honu is a small cinder cone that has been extensively "mined" over time. Presently it is overgrown with very large trees and ample bamboo. Slopes are too steep to accommodate active recreation components such as a soccer fields, tennis courts or bike paths but pedestrian pathways for active hiking may be possible and desirable. PHASE 2 — to be completed and occupied by 2020 FIGURE 3.B • Medical Office Campus (Approximately 80,000 SF gross building area): the primary component of the project would consist of one to two story buildings and accessory site improvements for multiple physician offices (i.e. Orthopedic Clinic, Cardiology Clinic, Primary Care Clinic, etc.) as well as stand-alone medical service clinics by recognized vendors such as Kaiser Permanente and HMC. The secondary use of the medical campus would be Diagnostic services such as Radiology and Labs; Health Maintenance services such as Dialysis, Pharmacy and Physical Therapy and Ancillary services such as medical records and equipment storage, centralized billing services, centralized Human Resources and employment • services, centralized medical data technology center, training classrooms and conference facilities. • Commercial (Approximately 100,000 SF gross building area): this component of the project would consist of one to two story commercial areas and accessory site improvements located near Komohana Street to create a unique shopping area offering a wide variety of commercial and retail services; a Hilo -Style neighborhood marketplace to serve the adjacent senior community, medical campus and surrounding residential communities. Low density, pedestrian friendly retail and other office uses are envisioned. Tenants may include supermarket/grocery, sundry stores, caterer, pharmacy, restaurants, financial services, insurance services, health club, entertainment services, computer services farmer's market and other types of establishments. The primary goal for the commercial component is to attract local vendors and service providers who may invest in our community for the long-term. Big -Box retail such as Wal-Mart, Target and Costco would not be considered a preferred tenant as construction of such large buildings would be contrary to the goal to attract local vendors and service providers and create a friendly residential style community. • Senior Housing "Kupuna Kumiai": this component of the project would consist of up to 333 residential units for Senior's. These units would consist of independent • living, assisted living and "Skilled Nursing (dependent living) facilities. The project envisions interdependent areas for meal preparation, eating, entertainment and 4 recreation to encourage health, vitality, relationships and community fellowship among the residents. All areas would be designed to facilitate universal accessibility • for convenience and ease of access and transportation would be facilitated by accessible walkways and paths and dedicated bicycle, scooter and golf -cart paths which would be separate from the vehicular roadway. In addition, the integration of gardens, fish ponds, greenhouses, orchards and outdoor recreation opportunities into the community fabric would greatly enhance the quality of life and fellowship opportunities for the residents. • Multi -Family Residential: this component of the project would consist of up to 90 units for multi -family residences served by a roadway system fed from the new Mohouli Street extension. Access to these lots would not be provided from surrounding existing residential areas. Multi -family housing will be targeted at young professionals and college students due to the site's proximity to the University of Hawaii Hilo campus, Hilo Medical Center and the projects Medical campus and Business Park. • Open Space: Presently, the existing Malanai Road serving the residential community mauka of Pu'u Hono dead ends slightly mauka of Pu'u Hono. To discourage additional vehicular traffic through the existing community the termination of this roadway will be maintained and standard vehicular access will not be allowed as part of this project. However, the roadway will be extended and designed as a ten -foot - wide "path" suitable for pedestrian, bicycle and emergency vehicle access. Removable bollards will be installed at the current termination of Malanai Road to • prevent non -authorized motorized transportation PHASE 3 — to be completed and occupied 2030 FIGURE 3.0 • Business Park (Approximately 100,000 SF gross building area): this component of the project would consist of flexible -type or "incubator" -type one to two story buildings served by a common roadway system. The tenant space is intended to be flexible and lend itself to a variety of uses. Tenants may be start-up companies or small mature companies that require a variety of space needs and types. The tenants may include professional services offices, retail and wholesale stores, restaurants, recreational areas, warehousing, manufacturing, light industrial or scientific research functions. It is anticipated that the average mix would be 20-30% offices and 70-80% industrial/warehousing. By offering these types of business development opportunities, it is hoped that opportunities for local residents to "come home" will be provided. • Single -Family Residential: this component of the project would consist of up to 58 individual "small" lots and up to 37 "large" lots for single-family residences served by a tributary roadways fed from the Ponohawai Street extension. Access to these lots would not be provided from surrounding existing residential areas. Single family residential units/lots will be located on the mauka portion of the site, closer to • Mohouli Street. A portion of the residential units will be targeted at first time homebuyers (e.g., nurses, police officers, firefighters, teachers, etc.). 5 • Open Space: the Master Plan indicates approximately 6.00 acres of natural open space located mauka of the large residential lots at Sunrise Ridge Estates to serve as a buffer to the proposed Commercial areas and multi -family residential areas of the • project. The Alenaio Stream drainage way bisects the project site from Mohouli Street to Komohana Street. The plan proposes to improve the banks of the drainage way for use as a linear park with bicycle and pedestrian walkways. The project is on a 171.5 -acre undeveloped site in Ponahawai, South Hilo, Hawaii (Figure 1). The site is identified by TMK Third Division, 2-3-44:19; 2-3-49:53; and 2-3-37:01 (Figure 2). This Environmental Report (ER) is being submitted as part of a Project District (PD) application to the County of Hawaii. The proposed circulation system includes a major arterial spine (Ponahawai Street Extension) extending from the intersection of Komohana Street and Ponahawai Street, through the project site to Mohouli Street. To provide vehicular access to the Medical Campus and Commercial areas a secondary road extends from Komohana Street (and is aligned with Pu'u Hono Street on the makai side of Komohana Street) on the southeastern side of the property and intersects with the proposed Ponahawai arterial. A secondary loop -road also extends off the aforementioned road and intersects with the proposed Ponahawai arterial to provide • vehicular access between the Senior Housing and Medical Campus and Commercial areas. The proposed Multi -Family areas will be served by a secondary cul-de-sac roadway system fed from the new Mohouli Street extension. As a traffic calming measure, the Ponahawai Street extension arterial may include multiple stop signed intersections to slow traffic moving along this corridor. The use of non -vehicular transportation will be encouraged through a network of bicycle, golf -cart and pedestrian walkways and trails. The linear park will provide continuous mauka-makai bike and pedestrian walkways connected to other bike and pedestrian paths through residential and commercial areas. In the Phase 2 development, a cul-de-sac road is proposed to connect to Mohouli Street south of the Alenaio Stream culvert crossings. This cul-de-sac road will be serving the proposed Multi -Family and the single-family Large Lot Residential areas. The two proposed access points from Mohouli Extension, Ponahawai Extension and cul-de- sac road, will be new T -intersections. Signalization of these two intersections is likely unwarranted. However, both intersections will require restriping for additional turning lanes and channelization. Pavement widening and/or replacement may also be required if the existing shoulder pavement is not matching the travel lane requirements. The backbone collector roadway serving the Wailani development is the Ponahawai • Extension, approximately 4300 feet long. The minimum County required right-of-way (ROW) width for this Ponahawai Extension is 60 feet wide with concrete curb, gutter and sidewalks. However, the developer may provide additional widths for other features, i.e. landscaping, pedestrian trails and bike lanes. • There are other interior roadway provides interconnectivity and redundant routes of access to the medical complex and elderly housing component. These roads will likely to be 50 -feet wide ROW with concrete curb, gutter and sidewalks on both sides meeting the County Street Standard. There are multiple existing dead end streets abutting the north boundary of the project property. During the various public meetings, the neighboring property owners indicated that they do not wish to create a through street situation. To satisfy the neighbors and the need for emergency access and future connectivity, the developer will use vehicular gates to maintain the existing dead-end street configuration and provide emergency vehicles with keys to open the gate for access. Where the emergency gates are provided, a minimum 14 feet wide of paved roadway shall be provided to connect to the gates. In addition to emergency access routes, ROW or easements joining the various dead-end roadways shall be provided for utility connections. For example, a sewer line connection at Punahele Street is required through Waipuna Place and a waterline connection is required through Spring Street. The proposed interior roadways will be fully paved with asphalt concrete from gutter to gutter. The actual pavement section will be determined by the project soil engineer during the final design phase. • All roads will be designed and built to meet the minimum requirements of the County Street Standard. • 7 New Urbanism design concepts will include residential neighborhoods with pedestrian scale blocks, multiple entry points, and pedestrian/bike networks that connect neighborhoods to other destinations within the community. New Urbanism design concepts consist of making • opportunities for: (1) Walkability for pleasure, convenience, health and safety, (2) Connectivity of destination utilizing pedestrian, bicycle, golf cart and separated vehicular ways to disperse and minimize vehicular traffic and offer alternative means of transportation, (3) Mixed -Use of retail and professional services with residential units to encourage diversity of use and interaction of people of different ages, professions, income levels, cultures, etc., (4) Quality Architecture and Urban Design with an emphasis on aesthetics, human comfort, beauty and accessibility to create a sense of "place" that nourishes the human spirit (5) Increased Density allowing more buildings, residences, shops, and services closer together for ease of walking, to enable a more efficient use of services and resources, and to create a more convenient, enjoyable place to live, (6) Green Transportation that encourages pedestrian -friendly design that supports a greater use of bicycles, rollerblades, scooters, and walking as daily transportation, (7) Sustainability to reduce environmental impact of development and its operations, use of eco -friendly technologies and materials, utilization of local production and less use of finite fuels while harnessing renewable energies, • (8) Quality of Life: taken together these add up to a high quality of life well worth living, and create places that enrich, uplift, and inspire the human spirit. The development will be designed to public safety standards. More detailed design and development standards will be defined in the final master plan. • E I• • !t- q *5C"Y 1 . A K �- C v� I k 8 l O N D E v 1 4r ` ww • Source USGS. DeLorme Maps 0 1000 z00o SCALE IN FEE' 0 \\ Figure 1 Location Map - n J City. of Hilo v 1 4r ` ww • Source USGS. DeLorme Maps 0 1000 z00o SCALE IN FEE' 0 \\ Figure 1 Location Map City. of Hilo m . y l C l 11 A 0 A i a^, C i .• `� Project Site +�. ' N 4:RTh. � f ems_ v 1 4r ` ww • Source USGS. DeLorme Maps 0 1000 z00o SCALE IN FEE' 0 \\ Figure 1 Location Map ml `,i „ Tax Map Key: 2-3-37:0'1 — • P 1 T p y: Tex Map 2-3-49:53 Key: 2-3-44:19 r . J Pool S Akk�" e s _da, ,+''moi"• _ �_ �aFs� r• � of o n.. SoerCe: County of Hawaii m" ,_�IKFE- � i_N 10 • • Figure 2 • Tax Map cnam (n Tn a (n O r \p m rm m y z a m A czi rn ri)< ; c, z r D po o '> L< � 0 T 9 A V = D m m Z j m z x 'z m 3 N y i Y• r D n zA y m 90N n m m m CD ? v NOn, n o rn • I Vii' N m i L7D 3 r r{ � r i D i I e O SS300 d ''AA �oN3`Jd3 H31nOS cn : a ' OtiO'd 1 IIM��IM gA : $o x I ; � N d D j D N a Z > lcP> 9F ddOd NN)d T I V 2 >kOMOygN cn ST � rn 0 0 0 (n m D fa7 m O m r o > N m o m D w w <? 3 n p z r $ :i ; m m m D r x m po D y f o c z n _ � p r a m m ^/ Z r $ _= x � m 3 ra o Qo 7 m m = m O i�D t0 r W01 OV V00 ODW co co roa ro 2y �D ��a A tl!Q NA NO m z D (,Do 0 c�� z N ). m CO r, -n Oo Cl) r Oo DO I W n�N0 SS300d N3 1i3W31 cn O/ IIIMIIIM HlnOS 0 pdOb m m m cn Or'. v o Co. i o n �m x Zr � m A pdOU IdNd�dW I cn q srD�— 00 Am w 0 0 0 N .n m N m 0 D D m n 3 T -� N m no m m m N S ; m D m y D < 3 0 m z m r D z* o v z n,` °c r n IM m Z Z Z x r A y m L) r X N y n x z r O' r r D A z a N IM N nM �^ n T m Z m 90 !! z O Z > Z O D iD r Q Tong, W+ N� VW WW ro ro'O -q cD fD Nn Nn rn r � ONO Z -a T> o„0 N � i1 L7 oZ Z I N j T f i F t < D l I O SbS300d /A� ll AN v♦ aVOb�NM� M HlnOS Ir D co Op I j i ZDC =io C!)m go i Zr- 0 1 Z D QVOb IVNVIVW � I T V 1= r C)> m cn ANA ST n� n ® N lop I -- I v 0 ilk tali I§ t ria Ir - 7%7 ;Ak f�l_Ii+ I v 0 ilk tali I§ I v 0 "MIS ...... JAI NSA Iz X -ii , ice. ,,•� . •- IIJ .ti .�,^J_1° t•t� "t %v.., Nr " �,� � • iY �ti� :.,�- �' •qC.v. •�•. -. �11i+fir � , r yam i j ,y I, ��. , „ ~! ' • '; ` �1,'.t '1 .yt'' ��t.t �'• '�ii -iC r 1 \�,� 1}`�y� 1 ' .'� .� �y'i1r`:�� tom'` : 4wY Ala 10 j; Sf'�ll . 7 JIM :'RAI '�' 'Gil, / 'r `, '., �. r' J w:71 • fro AI t, 7 r � f{ � n f 40f k vto I ",O,O;e4v1M, AI .2, Aft, WOOL' C 41` 0 All; % Table I below summarizes the various Non -Residential land uses and acreage as illustrated in Figure 3. • Table 1: Proposed Master Plan Non -Residential Uses Area Proposed use Acres Zoning Area: 2S% Open Development Parking Approximate Square Space: Area (gross Req: Floor Area foot Square . leasable area 1/300s.f. Ratio foot in SF) • rnase 1&2 Medical Campus 14.00 PD 609,840 152,460 180,000 600 stalls 41 Phase 1 Commercial Area l 16.90 PD 736,164 184,041 100,000 333 stalls .25 Phase 2 Commercial Area 2 5.80 PD 252,648 63,162 100,000 333 stalls .23 Phase 1 Open (Passive) 7.50 NA 326,700 326,700 0 0 - Pu'u Hono Phase 1 Open Space (Active)* 6.90 PD 300,564 300,564 0 0 Phase I Ponohawai Extension 2.49 - - _ Phase 1 Loop Road (at Medical 1.08 Campus) Phase 1 Misc. Open Space: 3.00 - _ _ Walking and Bicycle Paths Phase 3 Business Park: 17.80 PD 775,368 193,842 200,000 667 stalls .25 38 lots at 20,000 SF each lot AL * Not including development of indoor Table 2 below summarizes the various Residential land uses, acreage and range of units, as illustrated in Figure 3. The table presents the number of single and multi -family residential units that may be developed within the Project District. Table 2: Proposed Master Plan Residential Uses SF Residential MF Residential Number of units Number of units Area Proposed use Acres Zoning Proposed Average Proposed Average Units Density Units Density per Acre per Acre Phase 2 Senior Housing 26.80 PD 333 12.42 Phase 2 Multi -Family 17.50 PD 90 5.14 Ph 2 ase Open Space - Natural 6.00 PD Phase 2 Ponohawai Extension 1.56 Phase 2 Loop Road (at Senior 2.22 Housing) Phase 2 Misc. Open Space: 2.77 Walking and Bicycle Phase 3 Single Family 13.40 PD 58 4.32 Small lots Phase 3 Single Family 18.50 PD 37 2.00 Large lots Phase 3 Ponohawai Extension 5.38 Phase 2 Multi -Family cul-de-sac 1.90 TOTAL 93.26 428 7.29 90 5.14 go] 2. Statement of Objectives and Reasons for the Request • The objective of the project is to develop an urban medical service campus, commercial areas and senior, single-family and multi -family residential community that is self-sustaining, pedestrian friendly, and in harmony with the natural environment. The development will include a mix of uses including residential uses of varying densities and structure types, and medical commercial areas in proximity to the residents, minimizing the need to travel outside of the community for goods and services. In addition to the main roadway spines, pedestrian and bikeways are planned to encourage less dependence on the automobile. The development is largely targeted towards the growing needs of the Hilo community. In addition, the site's proximity to on-site and nearby medical facilities will make it convenient for older residents. Natural topographic features of the project site, such as the Alenaio Stream drainage channel and Pu'u Hono, present opportunities for open space, active and passive recreation, and scenic amenities. The development hopes to capture these features and advantages. The use of the Project District with its flexibility in location of uses and types of structures, in addition to accounting for open space set asides, is ideal for a project and site such as this. The Project District will also provide marketing flexibility over the length of the development period. 3. Timeframe • A twenty-year project build out period was used for the market analysis, beginning in year 2010 and full build out in year 2030. As described at the beginning of this Report, the project will be phased, with the eastern section closest to Komohana Street built first. • 21 • 4. Potential Permits and Approvals The following permits may be required as part of this project. Table 2: Potential Permits and Approvals Type Agency Project District Application County of Hawaii, Planning Department HRS Chapter 6E: Historic Preservation Department of Land and Natural Resources, Review State Historic Preservation Division Section 404 Department of the Army permit U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ( if stream channel or wetland areas are impacted) Stream Channel Alteration Permit State of Hawaii Department of Land and (if realignment or modification to the Natural Resources, Commission on Water Alenaio Stream Channel is reguired0 Resource Management Section 401 Water Quality Certification State of Hawaii Department of Health, Clean (if Section 404 permit required) Water Branch National Pollutant Discharge Elimination • State of Hawaii Department of Health, Clean System (NPDES) permit Water Branch Underground Injection Control (UIC) Permit State of Hawaii Department of Health, Safe (for construction of drywells) Drinking Water Branch Noise permit State of Hawaii Department of Health, Noise, Radiation and Indoor Air Quality Branch Letter of Map Revision (LOMAR) County of Hawaii Department of Public (f revisions to FEMA FIRM are required) Works and National Flood Insurance Program/Federal Emergency Management Agenc Plan Approval Coun of Hawaii, Plannin Department Consolidation-Resubdivision/Subdivision County of Hawaii Planning Department Construction and grading permits County of Hawaii, Public Works Department L� 22 B. CONFORMANCE WITH STATE/COUNTY PLANS • 1. State Land Use All lands in the State have been classified in one of four land use districts (Urban, Rural, Agricultural, Conservation) by the State Land Use Commission, pursuant to Chapter 205, HRS. As shown in Figure 4, the entire project site is in the Urban District. 2. General Plan The General Plan for Hawaii County (November 1989) is a statement of development objectives, standards and principles for the long-range comprehensive physical development of the county. The General Plan is currently being revised, with the last draft dated December 2001. Until the updated General Plan is adopted by the County Council, the 1989 General Plan will continue to be the official guiding document, and is therefore discussed in this section. The 1989 General Plan identifies goals, policies, and standards in the areas of the economy, energy, environmental quality, flood control and drainage, historic sites, natural beauty, natural resources and shoreline, housing, public facilities, public utilities, recreation, transportation and land use. • • 23 • • I� IA '`•' '/ \`\fir �•.^•„��••\�\`\•4, ---', •'� I ice, v'`<'��?- �.�,./•..: �/. r. /M''\- �. jam,, r'1 ;: Project Site 'f C..L'fC@; l'o` D ut HSr.;a'i LarnJ IJse f.;:rnlnissun, Sit:..: iSIS 1 • 26ii ?tq (,�, 24 State Land Use Districts i C Cong3rV31r;.�n r lJ Ulbail v.• � o� • • Properly Linc 1✓ter I� IA '`•' '/ \`\fir �•.^•„��••\�\`\•4, ---', •'� I ice, v'`<'��?- �.�,./•..: �/. r. /M''\- �. jam,, r'1 ;: Project Site 'f C..L'fC@; l'o` D ut HSr.;a'i LarnJ IJse f.;:rnlnissun, Sit:..: iSIS 1 • 26ii ?tq (,�, 24 Land 4 State Land tUse i •��•'`'•,. v.• � _ lam,_ l Land 4 State Land tUse a. Consistency with General Plan Goals and Policies • The project is in conformance with the following General Plan goals and policies: Item A: Economic Goals: • Provide residents with opportunities to improve their quality of life. Policies: • The County of Hawaii shall continue to encourage the expansion of the research and development industry by working with and supporting the university... • The County shall identify and encourage primary industries that are consistent with the social, physical, and economic goals of the residents of the County. Item D: Flood Control and Drainage Goals: • Conserve scenic and natural resources • Prevent damage to man-made improvements • Reduce surface water and sediment runoff Policies: 40 • It is the responsibility of both the government and private sector to maintain and improve existing drainage systems and to construct new drainage facilities. Item E: Historic Sites Goals: • Protect and enhance the sites, buildings and objects of significant historical and cultural importance to Hawaii., Item H: Housing Goals: • Attain safe, sanitary and livable housing for the residents of the County of Hawaii. • Attain a diversity of socio-economic housing mix throughout the different parts of the County • . Maintain a housing supply which allows a variety of choice • Develop better places to live in Hawaii County by creating viable communities with decent housing and suitable living environments for our people. • Seek sufficient production of new affordable rental and fee -simple housing in the County in a variety of sizes to satisfactorily accommodate the needs and desires of families and individuals. • • ... encouragement and expansion of appropriate home ownership opportunities... 25 Policies: • The County shall encourage a volume of construction and rehabilitation of • housing sufficient to meet growth needs and correct existing deficiencies. • Increase rental opportunities and choices in terms of quality, cost, amenity, style and size of housing, especially for low and moderate income households. • The County shall work with, encourage and support the private sectors efforts in the provision of affordable housing. Item M: Land Use Goals: Designate and allocate land uses in appropriate proportions and mix and in keeping with the social, cultural and physical environments of the County Policies: • The County shall encourage the development and maintenance of communities meeting the needs of its residents in balance with the physical and social environment. b. Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide Map Figure 5 illustrates the Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) map of the 1989 County of Hawaii General Plan. The LUPAG map indicates the general location of various land uses in relation to each other. It is broad and flexible, and intended to guide the direction • and quality of future developments in a coordinated and rational manner. • The LUPAG map designates two thirds of the project area for "Medium Density" development, with the southern -most portion of the site as "Urban Expansion Area." Medium Density areas are defined as "village and neighborhood commercial and residential related functions (3 -story commercial; residential -up to 35 units per acre). " The Urban Expansion Area is defined as a "mix of high density, medium density, low density, industrial and/or open designations in areas where new settlements may be desirable, but where the specific settlement pattern and mix of uses have not yet been determined. " The proposed development will include low and medium density residential development, commercial use, and open space, which are consistent with these LUPAG designations. The Alenaio Stream drainage channel is overlaid on the LUPAG as a flood plain. No changes are being proposed to the LUPAG map in this area. This development is also consistent with the updated County General Plan and LUPAG, which are pending adoption by the Hawaii County Council. 26 Leg end Medium Density, 0 Low Density Q Open Area Q University Use ® Flood Plain ® Urban Expansion Property Line Project Site SourcesLand Use Pattern Location Guide Map, 1989. County of Hawa't, Plannnig Dept., Panel Overlay - Kimura International Figure 5 SCALE FEE' 1 Mc Q�N JuIY LOOJ General Plan 27 • 0 • 3. Zoning Prior to the approval of County of Hawai'i Ordinance No. 04 144 the majority of the site was zoned A -la, Agriculture, which in 1999 had been redesignated to FA, Family Agricultural District. There were also small pockets zoned RS -7.5 and RS -10 Residential and CN -40 Neighborhood Commercial. The Alenaio Stream drainage, which crosses the southern portion of the site, was zoned Open. The approval of County of Hawai'i Ordinance No. 04 144, approved December 8, 2004, changed the District Classification from A -la, CN -40, RS -7.5, RS -10 and O to Project District. The project site is currently approved as a Project District. The project area is presently called the University Terrace Project District which consists of not more than 172 acres for single-family and multi -family residential, office and retail commercial, open space and recreational uses, and ancillary improvements, and further described as: • 500 maximum residential units, which includes a maximum of 150 multi -family residential units. • Maximum square footage of the commercial and office uses shall be 180,000 square feet. is • Minimum lot size for single-family residential units shall be 7,500 square feet. • Other conditions of approval as described in County of Hawai'i Ordinance No. 04 144, approved December 8, 2004. • 28 4. Community Development Plan The Hilo Community Development Plan (CDP) or "Hilo Plan" was adopted in 1975 and • provides the information to expand on the goals, policies and standards of the county as a whole and the courses of action for the South Hilo District developed by the General Plan. Although the intent of the community development plan was to provide a ten-year framework, the plan has not been revised since 1975. The proposed project is generally consistent with the land use recommendations of the Hilo Plan. The Hilo Plan divided the Hilo urban areas into 25 planning areas. The project site is in Planning Area 22, Kaumana. The plan acknowledged the need for future residential expansion, and stated that "As the population of Hilo grows, there will be need for the allocation of more single-family residential lands." The Hilo Plan also stated, "The trend toward development of multi -family housing will continue in the future due to urban growth, mobile populations and the rising costs of land and improvements." The Hilo Plan identified considerations for determining future housing expansion areas including the locations of existing residential areas, location of other land uses (i.e., commercial, industrial and parks), and the presence of employment centers, schools and public facilities. The Wailani project site meets these criteria for an appropriate commercial and housing expansion area, as it is surrounded by existing residential neighborhoods, and is in close proximity to the city center, employment areas, the Hilo Medical Center and the University of Hawaii at Hilo. The Kaumana planning area was also identified as an area for future neighborhood commercial use, consistent with the proposed commercial areas. • • 29 S. Special Management Area • The project is not within the County's Special Management Area, which is located near the waterfront, generally makai of Bayfront Highway. • • 30 C. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE PROPERTY AND SURROUNDING AREA • 1. Physical Characteristics/Environmental Setting c. Description of Subject Property The subject property is 171.5 acres in size, and is located along the inland of side of Komohana Street, in the Ponahawai area of the City of Hilo. The property is undeveloped and overgrown. It is bounded by the Kaumana Gardens subdivision to the north, Komohana Street to the east, lava flow area to the south, and Mohouli Street to the west. The property is identified on State of Hawaii tax maps as Third Division, TMK 2-3-44:19; 2-3-49:53; and 2- 3-37:01. The property is owned by Wailani Development, LLC. d. Location The property site is located in the Ponahawai ahupua'a, South Hilo District, on the eastern or windward side of the Island of Hawaii. The site is surrounded by residential subdivisions and limited commercial development. Residential subdivisions in the area include Crescent City Heights, Kaumana Heights, Ainako, Komohana Heights, Sunrise Ridge and Sunrise Estates, Phase L Landmarks in the vicinity include the Ka Waena Lapa'au Medical Center, Hilo Hospital, Hilo High School, and downtown Hilo. Access to the site on the east is via Komohana Street while Mohouli Street provides access to • the western portion of the property. e. Climate Climatic conditions in the South Hilo District are predominantly humid and tropical. Normal temperatures range from a daily maximum of 81.5 degrees Fahrenheit to the daily minimum of 66.4 degrees Fahrenheit. Normal relative humidity is 79 percent. Precipitation in Hilo is quite substantial, averaging about 130 inches per year, with monthly totals ranging from a high of 50 inches to a low of 0.13 inches. (Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism, 2001). f. Topography and Slope The site is between 410 and 240 feet above mean sea level on the slopes above Hilo Bay. The topography of the project site features an uneven terrain with a gentle to moderate upward slope in a southwesterly direction away from Komohana Street. A prominent topographic feature in the area is the intermittently flowing Alenaio Stream drainage, which extends from the easternmost comer of the project site and cuts generally through the south side of the project site. Another prominent feature are two small cinder cones (pu'u) — part of the Halai Hills — which are situated in the extreme northeast corner of the project site. The easternmost of the two pu'u has been extensively quarried for cinder and other construction • rock, and has been nearly completely removed over the years. Both pu'u have been scarred by numerous haul roads and bulldozer cuts. 31 g. Lava Hazard Zone The island of Hawaii is divided into lava hazard zones ranked from 1 through 9 (with 1 being the most hazardous). The hazard ranking is based on the probability of coverage by lava flows. The Hilo area is in Hazard Zone 3, defined as "areas gradationally less hazardous than Zone 2 because of greater distance from recently active vents and/or because the topography makes it less likely that flows will cover these areas." The Hilo area is vulnerable to lava flows from Mauna Loa, nevertheless, its distance from the east rift vents warrants the Zone 3 rather than Zone 2 designation. h. Soils U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Report According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service (not known as the Natural Resource Conservation Service), the soil on the northern third of the project site is Hilo silty clay loam (0-10% slope). This soil represents the Hilo series of well -drained soils formed in volcanic ash layers. Soil on the remainder of the site is Keaukaha extremely rocky muck (6-20% slopes), representing the Keaukaha series of well -drained, thin organic soils overlying pahoehoe bedrock. These soil types are shown in Figure 7. Land Study Bureau • The University of Hawaii Land Study Bureau's (LSB) Detailed Land Classification (1972) classifies soils by land type in which classifications are provided for an overall crop productivity rating, with and without irrigation, and for selected crop productivity ratings for seven crops (i.e., pineapple, vegetables, sugarcane, forage, grazing, orchards and timber). LSB overall ratings for cultivated crop production range from A to E, with A being the best. As shown in Figure 8, the LSB classification of the project area is Class C (fair), D (poor) and E (very poor). Because these lands are already in the State "Urban" land use district, and have a fairly low LSB rating, their urbanization will not adversely impact the overall availability of high productivity agricultural lands. Agricultural Lands of Importance in the State of Hawaii (ALISH) Designation The Agricultural Lands of Importance in the State of Hawaii (ALISH) land classification system were developed by the State Department of Agriculture in 1977. The ALISH system identifies three broad classes of lands, including "Prime Agricultural Land," "Unique Agricultural Land," and "Other Important Agricultural Land." As shown in Figure 9, a portion of the site is designated Prime Agricultural Land. This area represents a little less than half of the project site. The remainder of the site is not considered prime, unique or other important agricultural land. The area was under sugar cane cultivation until about 1970 by C. Brewer and Company, when it was removed from cultivation. The site was subsequently sold and has since • remained fallow. In the Hilo area, as in other parts of the State, diversified agriculture has provided an alternative to sugar cultivation. During the period from 1982 to 2001, 32 diversified agriculture has increased by 4.8% annually, while sugar production has declined 3.75% annually. The growth of diversified agriculture has been a significant economic force on the Big Island. • Although a portion of the site is considered prime agricultural land, its development will not have a significant impact on the local environment or economy. The project site is located in the State Urban District, and is designated for medium density development and urban expansion in the County General Plan. The site is surrounded by existing residential and commercial office uses. It is also in close proximity to shopping areas and the University of Hawaii at Hilo campus. As such, the site is more appropriate for urban expansion than agricultural use. Moreover, there are other areas in South Hilo and along the Hamakua Coast with prime agricultural land that is being utilized for, and is more appropriate for diversified agriculture. • • 33 • • Soils in Project Area ti0C Hih; siL'y Cfey If18111, 0-50;0 - J 1 4 � . rKPp I(eculF,al7ae,tremdlyrp�;y, '. _ - .. -- Pronery Lin_ _tiwLo „U:w a ra;.]Ud:G� Up,>'_I': ci+J�� J•JP•:LC .^,?,Y?'1 • �—� �� N 34 Figure 7 Soils HoD Hoc ,M1 M1\. a• •��f • i i r Ho Project Site ` 1•�1' '\ FIr VON rKFD / �► rLW. /' .1000, ti rKFD - _tiwLo „U:w a ra;.]Ud:G� Up,>'_I': ci+J�� J•JP•:LC .^,?,Y?'1 • �—� �� N 34 Figure 7 Soils y Jrce' UnivmiCf e; Hawaii L ani Stacy F,u;eaa Stare GVS o ::a •s: ti SCALL tYt4ri fa � � July ?D,2? 35 • • Figure 8 • LSB Classification , LSB Over-all Productivity Rating — Property Line _ i 1 C - 'U b' r - , ,' Vim•! Project Site � 1 y Jrce' UnivmiCf e; Hawaii L ani Stacy F,u;eaa Stare GVS o ::a •s: ti SCALL tYt4ri fa � � July ?D,2? 35 • • Figure 8 • LSB Classification • U ALISH Categories Prime Agricultural Lands Property Line �A Project Site . t;est,• I1Go� t Wt3Tp,vds lt9fY. tUf.iI Lards 0! 117, WI,3nce 10 Jt« j:3:: Ot ^aw6li A I � SH), JfA.- L VI..C Y' M s36 Figure ALISH i. Flood Insurance Rate Map Figure 10 shows the current Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) designations for the site. According to the FIRM, the Alenaio Stream drainage channel is a designated floodway or Zone AE, areas inundated by a 100 - year flood, base flood elevations determined. There is a second drainage way north of Alenaio Stream that is in Zone A, special flood hazard areas inundated by the 100 -year flood, but for which no base flood elevations have been determined. According to the FIRM, the remainder of the site is not within a flood hazard area. Project Site 'X ..A. Crony of HBeaS. 0.01. Puok'Ner, s, Glam 2003 ON 37 Figura 10 FIRM 0 i • LEGEND '%�' 4riE4S W15!DE?HE of-'iEtF ANDSrY1Y;J..R!1000 i'LAC! 0 cr_rVI FUJOJ W??FP9 hREA51lt�•iFi E➢?1'iHE 7p1-Y=v'.F. FLQ4� � !lo!2vi 6:YJJ Czf2LUf1>[CI�Ii4�Y: ,./,c•. G,vnry id Hm+aifLCDDiY'r.Y Prrc�'l"sn Project Site 'X ..A. Crony of HBeaS. 0.01. Puok'Ner, s, Glam 2003 ON 37 Figura 10 FIRM 0 i • j. Drainage Existing Conditions The flood hazard areas shown on the FEMA FIRM are the existing flood limits of record. The Alenaio Stream drainage channel and the second drainage way, known as North Alenaio Stream, are designated on the FIRM maps. Alenaio Stream's 100 -year storm water flow was estimated in 1990 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to be 7,000 cubic feet per second (cfs). The 100 -year storm water flow within the North Alenaio Stream drainage way was estimated to be 400 cfs (Keith Companies, 1992). Both these drainage ways convey stormwater across Komohana Street to the east, toward Hilo Bay. At present, off site storm water generated mauka of the newly constructed Mohouli Street is directed through culverts into the Alenaio Stream drainage channel, and crosses the subject property. Additional run off from existing residential areas to the north enter the subject property through a concrete lined open channel nearby and parallel to Omao Road. Previous studies indicate that approximately 250 cfs flows from the Omao Road channel. The improved terminus of Alenaio Stream is located off-site, southeast of the intersection of Kilauea Avenue and Ponahawai Street approximately a mile downstream of the project area. It empties into the Waiolama Canal and was designed to overflow onto the adjacent open space being utilized as soccer fields. During periods of heavy rainfall, the runoff overflows onto the soccer fields. • Proposed Drainage Impacts and Mitigation There are two major drainage ways within the project property. Both of them are shown as flood plains on the FEMA Flood Insurance Rating Map (FIRM). The larger drainage way within the project property is the Alenaio Stream which is designated as Flood Zone "AE" in the FIRM. Alenaio Stream is an intermittently flow stream having an overall tributary drainage area over 8.53 square miles. The flow enters the project site through a multi -barrel culvert system in Mohouli Extension from the west and exits through a 32' wide by 12'-8" high concrete box culvert in Komohana Street. The limits of the floodplain within the project site was recently modified and studied as a result of the construction of Mohouli Extension project (Figure 11). This study and the Letter of Map Revision (LOMR 06-09-B247P) was approved and adopted by FEMA and County of Hawaii as the effective floodplain map as of December 2006. The edges of the Alenaio floodplain are undulating within the project site and taken up large portion of land due to natural topography. In addition, the current County Flood Control Ordinance also requires a 50 feet wide "buffer zone" from the edge of the published flood limits. This rule will further restrict development adjacent to the flood zone. Although controlling the flow widths and reclaim more usable area is possible through the process of Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR) through County and FEMA and construction flood walls or lined channels, we still recommend keeping development out of the flood zone and let the flood water take it's • natural course 38 The other drainage course is a smaller drainage way designated as Flood Zone "A" in FIRM which is a tributary of Alenaio Stream (Figure 11). This drainage way converges with Alenaio Stream after crossing Komohana Street in an 8'x10'-6" corrugated metal pipe • culvert. The Flood Zone "A" designation indicates that the area is a known drainage way but no detail study was performed to determine the actual flood limits and flood elevations. The tributary areas of this drainage course consist of the existing Pun O Honu Subdivision, onsite areas, and possibly underground springs fed by drainage areas mauka of Kaumana Drive. Due to the close proximity of this drainage way to the proposed commercial development and the proposed Ponahawai Extension alignment, it is proposed to extend the existing culvert to a further upstream point(s) where land utilization can be most effective (Figure 11, Note 1). This new storm drains pipe (culvert extension) will most likely to be following the Ponahawai Extension alignment and branches off (Figure 11, Note 2) to various pick-up points (Figure 11, Note 3) of a stormwater collection system near northern boundary. The system will consist of headwall inlets, grated inlets, interceptor ditches and drain pipes (Figure 11, Note 4). In order to construct this underground storm drainage system and eliminate the Flood Zone designation, a detail flood study and a CLOMR will be required by the County and FEMA. Results of Preliminary Engineering Calculation: * Design flow rate based on LOMR # 06-09-13247P Storm runoff generated from the project site will be managed by roadside gutters, swales, culverts, storm drain pipes, open ditches and drywells. Per County of Hawaii Drainage Code, the development shall retain any increase in the runoff due to the development on site based on a 10 -year design storm. Approximately 45 UIC drywells (5' diameter x 20'+ deep) will be required for the Phase 1, 80 for Phase 2 and 32 drywells for Phase 3. 39 n U • Alenaio Stream Flood Zone "A" Offsite 8 square miles 94 ac. Drainage Area Q100 cfs 5500* 716 Q50 cfs 4500* 637 Q10 cfs 2580* 437 Method of FEMA Regression Method Wiin TR -55 hydrology model Method of Natural stream / floodplain or 96 -inch CMP @ 1.5% slope Conveyance 30'wide x 10' high concrete or channel 8'X6' Cone. Box Culvert * Design flow rate based on LOMR # 06-09-13247P Storm runoff generated from the project site will be managed by roadside gutters, swales, culverts, storm drain pipes, open ditches and drywells. Per County of Hawaii Drainage Code, the development shall retain any increase in the runoff due to the development on site based on a 10 -year design storm. Approximately 45 UIC drywells (5' diameter x 20'+ deep) will be required for the Phase 1, 80 for Phase 2 and 32 drywells for Phase 3. 39 n U • wv CL C3 6•,. Z Z Jj Q D Z. Z W Z o O a ofQoo�a W 3: m ' N (n Z Ld mcn � m O V P �a-ILdda KpMpNPN �0000 X m Of m m 0 j W d d m d U � I G I� .008 -,l -7hW H[LGN -wo �-N zu Qw -� J _ow Q >�~ d U� w o o N J O U) LLI �. Q W LJ:EO W W � O CLCL -. LL cn �-N zu Qw -� J _ow Q >�~ d U� Regulatory requirements for improvements to the Alenaio Stream drainage way may include, but are not limited to: • Stream Channel Alteration Permit, State Department of Land and Natural Resources, • Commission on Water Resource Management • Department of the Army Section 404 Permit, Army Corps of Engineers • Section 401 Water Quality Certification, State Department of Health, Clean Water Branch • Letter of Map Revision (LOMAR), County Department of Public Works and Federal Emergency Management Agency k. Air Quality An air quality study was conducted for the project by B.D. Neal and Associates (Appendix B). Existing Conditions Overall, the present air quality in the project area is believed to be relatively good. Air quality in the project vicinity is mostly affected by emissions from motor vehicles, industry and natural sources. Perhaps the dominant factor for the past several years has been volcanic omissions from • Kilauea Volcano, although the prevailing winds carry emissions away from the Hilo area much of the time. Most of these emissions occur as sulfur dioxide and then convert into particulate sulfate, which causes a volcanic haze (vog) during kona (southerly) wind conditions. National and State ambient air quality standards (AAQS) have been established for particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone and lead. The State also has a standard for hydrogen sulfide. The Hawaii standards are generally more stringent than the comparable national AAQS. The State Department of Health operates a network of air quality monitoring stations, but only very limited data are available for Hawaii County. The limited data indicates that concentrations in the project areas are within State and national air quality standards. Project Impacts and Mitigation Short -Term Project construction could have short-term direct and indirect impacts on air quality. Potential air pollution sources include 1) fugitive dust from vehicle movement and soil excavation; and 2) exhaust emissions from on-site construction equipment. Indirectly, there could also be short-term impacts from slow-moving construction equipment traveling to and from the project sites, from a temporary increase in location traffic due to construction, and • the disruption of normal traffic flow caused by lane closures of adjacent roadways. 41 There may be fugitive dust from grading and dirt moving activities during site clearing and preparation. Adequate fugitive dust control can be accomplished by frequent watering of • bare dirt surfaces. In dust -prone or dust sensitive areas (e.g., near existing residential areas), control measures such as limiting the areas that can be disturbed at any given time, applying chemical soil stabilizers, mulching and/or wind screens may be necessary. Control regulations stipulate that open -bodied trucks be covered at all times when in motion if they are transporting materials that can be blown away. Road cleaning or tire washing can minimize trucks tracking dirt onto paved streets from unpaved areas. Paving of parking areas and/or establishment of landscaping as early as possible can also lower the potential for fugitive dust. Monitoring dust at the project property line could be considered to quantify and document the effectiveness of dust control measures. On-site mobile and stationary construction equipment will also emit air pollutants from engine exhausts. Nitrogen oxide emission from diesel engines can be relatively high compared to gasoline -powered equipment, but no violation of air quality standards is anticipated. Project construction can obstruct normal traffic flow and temporarily increase vehicular emissions in the area. Roadways will be kept open during peak traffic hours and heavy construction equipment and workers will be moved during periods of low traffic volume. Overall, most potential short-term air quality impacts from project construction can be mitigated. • Long -Term After the project is completed, there will be increase motor vehicle traffic in the project area, potentially causing long-term impacts on ambient air quality. An air quality modeling study was undertaken to estimate current and future levels of carbon monoxide at various intersections, both with and without the project. During worst case conditions, the model indicates that present 1 -hour and 8 -hour carbon monoxide concentrations will meet both State and federal standards. In the year 2014 without the project, carbon monoxide concentrations were predicted to decrease, even though traffic volumes are forecasted to increase. This is because newer vehicles in the future will emit less pollution. With the project in 2014, carbon monoxide concentrations were estimated to increase by about 20 to 30 percent at the intersections compared to the without project condition. However, concentrations would still be lower than the existing condition. With or without the project, worst-case concentrations should remain within both national and State standards. The air quality study concluded that due to the project's small impact, mitigation measures for traffic -related air quality impacts are probably unnecessary and unwarranted. The project may also have potential long-term air quality impacts due to indirect emissions associated with the project's electrical power and solid waste disposal requirements. These are not expected to be significant. Nevertheless, emergency conservation design features and promoting conservation and recycling programs within the proposed development could • further reduce any associated impacts and conserve the island's resources. 1. Noise 42 An Environmental Noise Report was completed in June 2003 by D.L. Adams Associates, Ltd. (Appendix Q. 0 Existing Conditions The project area and vicinity are currently exposed to daytime ambient noise levels of 45 to 70 dBA (A -weighted decibels), with the dominant noise sources being traffic. Other noise sources include wind, birds, and both small and large aircraft. State Department of Health Community Noise Control standards vary by land use and time of day. The Class A zoning district (residential, conservation, preservation) standard is 55 dBA during the day and 45 dBA at night. Class B zoning districts (multi -family residential, apartment, business, commercial, hotel) noise standards range from 60 dBA during the day to 50 dBA at night. Project Impacts and Mitigation Short -Term Project construction will involve excavation, grading and construction or new buildings and infrastructure, and will generate construction -period noise. The dominant noise source during construction will probably be earth -moving equipment, such as bulldozers and diesel powered trucks, assuming pile driving equipment will not be required. Surrounding residential properties may be impacted by construction noise due to their • proximity. Noise from construction activities should be short-term. Construction will be limited to normal working hours and will comply with State Department of Health regulations. Long -Term The project has a potential to generate traffic noise. Predicted traffic noise level increase due to the project for the year 2014 along local roadways in the vicinity were determined to be less than 1.9 dB, which is below the threshold of perceptible change in noise level for most people. This increase is not considered significant. In order to minimize potential traffic noise impact on the project, setbacks from Komohana Street and Mohouli Street should be incorporated if residential housing is to be located in these areas. A 70 -foot wide setback from Komohana Street and a 90 -foot wide set back from Mohouli Street are required for residential development, to meet federal and State design goals and regulations. Unless residential structures are constructed closer than 70 feet from , Komohana Street and 90 feet from Mohouli Street, no further traffic noise mitigation will be necessary. If single or multi -family residences are place within the setback areas, fixed windows and air conditioning should be provided for these homes. Noise from on-site equipment such as pumps, air -handling units, compressors and • condensing units will be addressed during the project design phase. Noise at the property line from on-site equipment will meet the State's maximum permissible sound limits for 43 daytime and nighttime hours, based on applicable zoning district class as determined by the primary land use designation. If on-site equipment noise exceeds this limit, mitigation in the is form of barriers, enclosures, silencers, etc. should be included in the design. m. Water Quality Existing Conditions Surface Water The Alenaio Stream is an intermittent stream that is the primary drainage way through the project site. According to the Hawaii Stream Assessment (Commission on Water Resource Management, 1990), Alenaio Stream is considered a tributary to the Wailoa River. It flows into Hilo Bay via the Waiolama Canal and Wailoa River. Groundwater The Department of Health regulates activities that affect the quality of groundwater resources under HAR Title 11, Chapter 23 Underground Injection Control. The purpose of this chapter is to establish a state underground injection control (UIC) program in order to protect the quality of the state's underground sources of drinking water (USDW) from pollution by subsurface disposal of fluids. The DOH has established an Underground Injection Control (UIC) line. Areas makai of the UIC line are considered exempt aquifers. In areas mauka of the UIC line, conditions are specified to govem the location, construction and operation of is injection wells so that injected fluids do not migrate and pollute USDW. The project site is located within the State's USDW area, and therefore any proposed injection wells are subject to DOH approval and regulation. Project Impacts and Mitigation During construction, best management practices (BMP) will be used to minimize the potential for runoff into the stream area. The project will not increase runoff into the Alenaio Stream drainage way and is not expected to adversely impact stream/downstream water quality. No adverse impact to groundwater is anticipated. The project will be connected to the municipal sewer system. The urbanization of the site will increase impervious surface areas and on-site stormwater runoff. The additional on-site runoff will be disposed of by on-site drywells or seepage pits as required by the County. Because the project site is located mauka of the UIC line, the construction of drywells to accommodate stormwater runoff will require a UIC permit. However, because the project is limited to residential, commercial and recreational areas, the potential for contaminants in the runoff is lower than with industrial or light industrial uses. Potential contaminants in on-site runoff are associated with landscape and maintenance activities. These can be mitigated by minimizing clearing of natural areas, maintaining a naturally vegetated buffer area around the Alenaio Stream channel, and relying on mechanical, rather than chemical means of landscape maintenance. ME The construction of the drywells will comply with all Hawaii County and State regulations and standards. An Underground Injection Control (UIC) permit will be required from the State Department of Health Safe Drinking Water Branch. • 2. Historic Resources a. Archaeological 1991 Archaeological Inventory Survey An archaeological inventory survey for the majority of the site (TMK 2-3-3-44:09) was done for a previous golf course proposal and associated Use Permit application. The inventory survey covered approximately 222 acres, including some lands not within the current project area. The survey report (Paul H. Rosendahl, PhD, Inc., February 1991) noted evidence of preshistoric activity in the project area in the form of remnant section of the Hilo Boarding School and Old Mission Ditch, which is identified on historic maps. Evidence of possible historic use and occupation was observed at a second location within the project area, and consists of the remains of a possible small residence first identified in 1982. The study notes that the project area was extensively cultivated for sugarcane production. During the survey, two sites (SIHP Sites 14946 and 14947) were identified. Site 14946 is a possible former residential site and associated animal shed. In the 1991 survey report, it was assessed as significant solely for information content. No further work was recommended. Site 14947 is a ditch system ('auwai) with one primary channel that remains partially intact. • The primary channel is the Hilo Boarding School and Old Mission Ditch. The ditch is early historic and probably also prehistoric. This site was assessed as significant for information value, as an excellent example of a site type and culturally valuable. The PHRI survey report recommended further data collection followed by preservation with some level of interpretive development of a representative sample of the site. Further data collection should more accurately characterize feature dimensions, construction techniques, and possible associated artifacts and features. 2002 Archaeological Field Inspection of Sure Save Parcel The 1991 PHRI archaeological inventory survey did not include an eight -acre parcel along Komohana Street known as the "Sure Save parcel" (TMK 2-2-037:001). A separate archaeological field inspection of this parcel was conducted in 2002 by Haun & Associates. A letter report of the findings is included in Appendix D. The survey identified 15 sites with 25 component features, including 19 mounds, a road, a low wall, a retaining wall, a terrace and two platforms. Haun & Associates note that the sites are probably associated with historic plantation cultivation of sugarcane. No pre -contact sites or features were encountered, and it is unlikely that such sites, if formerly present, would have survived historic modification of the parcel. Based on the results of the inspection, Hann & Associates recommend that an archaeological • inventory survey be conducted prior to development of the parcel. The survey would likely 45 collect sufficient information to support a recommendation of no further work or preservation for the sites. • An archaeological inventory survey of this eight -acre parcel will be conducted, and the findings submitted to the DLNR-SHPD. Project Impacts and Mitigation In an April 2, 1991 letter to the Hawaii County Planning Director, the Department of Land and Natural Resources State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) stated that the formerly proposed (golf course) project will have "no adverse effect" on the significant site, if combined preservation and archaeological data recovery mitigation occurs. The letter stated that "representative portions of the historic ditch should be preserved with an appropriate buffer zone, and some degree of interpretation should be planned if the ditch is in an appropriate location. Additional data on the ditch should be collected. " At the time, the SHPD recommended that the following be made conditions to any approved use permit: 1. A mitigation plan which includes data recovery and preservation components shall be prepared to treat the one significant site. This plan must be approved by the State Historic Preservation Division and the County Planning Department, before it is implemented. The plan must also be implemented before a grading and grubbing permit is issued. 2. During ground disturbing activities, if any historic remains are uncovered on the • surface or in buried deposits, the State Historic Preservation Division should be contacted immediately to assess the situation and determine if further work is needed. This is particularly important because dense vegetation covers much of the property and there is a possibility that some unidentified historic remains are present. The SHPD will be consulted regarding the current University Terrace mixed use development. The 1991 recommendations for the site will be reconfirmed, and all SHPD recommendations and conditions will be complied with. A mitigation plan including data recovery and preservation components will be prepared and submitted for approval by the SHPD. Should any unanticipated archaeological sites or feature be uncovered during construction, work within the affected area will cease immediately and the SHPD notified. b. Cultural Resources A cultural historical study for the area, entitled "He Wahi Wolelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo, A Collection of Traditions and Historical Accounts for Ponahawai and Punahoa, District of Hilo, Island of Hawaii "was conducted by Kumu Pono Associates (May 2003). The primary objective of this study was to provide a detailed overview of key facets of history in the Ponahawai-Punahoa vicinity. The research was conducted through review of both published and manuscript accounts in English and Hawaiian for the immediate study area and • neighboring lands. Research was conducted in both private and public collections 46 The cultural historical study included as Appendix E, included traditional and historical accounts of the ahupua'a of Ponahawai and Punahoa. Ponahawai and Punahoa are two of the five traditional ahupua'a that make up the region known as Hilo One. Both ahupua'a • were noted for their natural resources, including offshore fisheries, fishponds and estuarine systems, streams and springs. The area's fertile agricultural land supported a wide range of crops such as taro, breadfruit, bananas and sweet potatoes. Mountain resources in the area included birds, plants and timber. The cultural historical study first presents an overview of the cultural historical landscape of the area known as Hilo One, the region of the Hilo District extending from Wailuku River to Waiakea. This section includes a discussion of Hawaiian settlement, population expansion and land management practices. The report notes that by the middle 1800's, land use in Ponahawai-Punahoa and the larger Hilo Town vicinity dramatically changed from its traditional subsistence system. Much of the area was planted in sugar cane and was part of a plantation system that extended across most of east Hawaii. Plantation activities on the land continued through about 1970. This agriculture activity significantly altered much of the landscape in Ponahawai and Punahoa, including the study area. The next section of the report covers native traditions and historical accounts, or mo'olelo. These historical accounts span several centuries, and are organized chronologically. According to native legend, Ponahawai was named for a chiefess, the sister of Kukuau. The goddess Hina and her daughters lived on the lands surrounding the hills on Punahoa and Ponahawai. This section of the report also includes a discussion on the series of three pu'u or volcanic cones in the area. Hala'i (the first hill) is located just makai of and outside the study area. Pu'u Honu, the third hill in this series, is further mauka. There is some uncertainty • regarding the name of the second or middle pu'u, which is located between Hala'i and Pu'u Honu. The name of this middle pu'u is referenced in various historical accounts as "Ope'ape'a," "Pu'u o Kamali" or "Pu'u Ali'i." This middle hill is believed to be situated just mauka of Komohana Street, and is the pu'u that was mined by C. Brewer prior to 1970. Both this middle pu'u and Pu'u Honu, the mauka-most pu'u, are situated within the project area. The cultural historical study also provides observations of non -Hawaiian visitors and residents, and accounts for the construction and use of the historic irrigation channel, the transformation of the area to sugar cultivation, and a chronology of lava flows from Mauna Loa during the nineteenth century. The last two sections of the report provide a detailed discussion of land tenure in Ponahawai and Punahoa. 3. Natural Resources a. Botanical Resources Existing Conditions A botanical survey of the project site was conducted in April 2003 by Geometrician Associates, LLC. A copy of that study is included as Appendix F. The objectives of the survey were to 1) describe the vegetation; 2) list all species encountered; and 3) identify • threatened and endangered plant species. The area was surveyed in March 2003. No rare, 47 threatened or endangered plant species were present, and no unique or valuable wildlife habitats found. No existing or proposed federally designated critical habitat was present. • The study notes that the original vegetation of the general area was lowland rainforest. However, the area has a history of agricultural use. The 1881 lava flow, which covers the southern portion of the project site, "reset the clock" for both geology and vegetation in the area it covered. Land that may have been converted to gardens and groves returned to the primal state dominated by native 'ohi'a trees and uluhe fern. In historical times, sugar cane cultivation, grazing, a homestead -type farm, and agricultural processing all appear to have taken place on the property. However, there appears to have been little active farming for several decades. The current vegetation consists of alien trees, shrubs, vines, grasses and herbs. A botanical survey was conducted for the property in 1990 (Gerrish, 1990) as part of a previous golf course proposal. That study identified three basic vegetation types, which were confirmed by the 2003 survey. The 2003 study identified seven basic vegetation types: • Vegetation Type 1: Areas associated with 1881 lava flow, dominated by short to medium stature 'ohi'a trees with an understory dominated by the uluhe fern. The same alien trees described by Gerrish are present and are becoming more widespread. In the understory, alien grasses such as broomsedge and molasses grass ((Melinis minutiora) are present. • • Vegetation Type 2: This vegetation type is dominated by large Albizia moluccana that form a closed canopy forest. The understory is a mixture of patches of thimbleberry (Rubus rosifolius), the melastome (Pterolepis glomerata), warabi fern (Diplazium esculentum), and California grass. The fringe or margins of this forest type is dominated by California grass. This vegetation type is found on and near the cinder cones mauka of Komohana Street near the northwest end of the property. • • Vegetation Type 3: There are several areas within and near the areas covered by Vegetation Type 2 that are covered densely by stands of a short ornamental bamboo. Little other understory growth is present. • Vegetation Type 4: An area between Liko Lehua Street and the Mohouli Extension is covered by a dense stand of Alexander palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae). The stand of palms forms a closed canopy forest with very little understory growth. • Vegetation Type 5: Several stands of rose apple (Syzygium jambos) appear to be associated with low areas where water intermittently flows. The Syzygium form a dense canopy cover and the understory is poorly developed. • Vegetation Type 6: Numerous stands of waiawi (Psidium cattleianum) are scattered throughout the property; as the Type 3-5, this plant dominates the canopy layer and the understory is poorly developed. 48 • Vegetation Type 7: Numerous open, grassy areas are scattered throughout the site. California grass, Wainaku grass, and broomsedge are the dominant plants, depending • on location. A list of all plant species found during the survey is in Appendix F. Wetlands The April 2003 botanical survey did not include wetland identification or delineation. However, the study noted that wetlands are likely present on the property, mostly in association with small lakes and ponds created during the filling of former quarries. The study noted that wetlands may also be present in drainages that are tributary to the Alenaio Stream Channel, and that wetland indicator species of plants were present. As a result, a preliminary investigation of potential wetlands was conducted as a follow-up study (Geometrician Associates, June 2003). This study is also included in Appendix F. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wetland Inventory maps series does not depict any wetlands within one mile of the site. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) regulates wetlands that meet specific criteria related to 1) hydrology, 2) hydrophytic vegetation, and 3) hydric soils. All three criteria must be met in order for an area to be defined as a jurisdictional wetland regulated by the USACE. Formal wetland delineation is conducted in accordance with the USACE Wetlands Delineation Manual and can be a substantial undertaking. To date, no jurisdictional wetlands, as defined by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, have been delineated or designated on the property. The purpose of the June 2003 investigation was to provide preliminary information on what • areas are most likely to be jurisdictional wetlands, i.e., meeting all three USACE wetland criteria. The study looked for hydric soils in the areas of the property with the most hydrophytic vegetation and at least some possibility of periodic inundation. Focusing in on the areas that appear to meet all three wetland criteria can help determine whether wetlands are likely to be widespread on the property, and provide guidance on the scale of effort that might be required for a full wetlands delineation and determination. The preliminary study involved soil investigations at several types of areas: • In moist basins near the Alenaio Stream channel that have hydrophytic vegetation but no indisputable hydrological indictors; • Surrounding a pond near which hydrophytic vegetation is present and a local water table clearly exists; • The area planned for the most intense development, just mauka of Ponahawai Street. Soil samples were taken at eleven sites. The location of the sites are shown in Appendix F. Hydric soil was found at only three of the eleven sample sites. The study noted that for this site, the prevalence of wetland indicator (plant) species is not a reliable indicator of wetlands. Instead, it is probably related to the constant high rainfall in an open canopy forest where evaporation is reduced and humidity and soil moisture remain high. • 49 The preliminary wetland analysis notes it is likely that at least a few small pockets of wetlands are present on the property. However, based on the limited distribution of wetland • soils, it appears that wetlands are not large or widely distributed on the property. The most likely wetland areas are within or directly adjacent to the main channels of the Alenaio Stream and immediately surrounding the pond. Other low areas, despite the prevalence of wetland plants, are unlikely to contain wetlands. The study recommended that future wetland delineation focus on the large pond and several other smaller "pothole" water features scattered on the property. Other than these, the most important wetland factor is the Alenaio Stream. Therefore, the study recommends that the stream channels be precisely mapped, either separately or as part of detailed topographic survey. This would streamline wetlands determination and delineation. Once the precise locations of the channels are known, the limited area of small wetlands directly adjacent to these channels can be efficiently delineated. Project Impacts and Mitigation The project will not impact threatened or endangered plant species or native plant species or habitat. Because a formal wetland delineation has not been completed, specific impacts on wetland areas, if any, are unknown. Prior to development, the Alenaio Stream channels will be mapped, and wetland areas adjacent to the channels and the existing ponds will be delineated in accordance with the USACE criteria. It is likely that most, if not all of the wetland pockets are within the existing Alenaio Stream flood hazard area, which will remain undeveloped. Therefore, the presence of wetlands is not expected to have a significant • impact on the proposed master plan or the availability of developable areas. Whenever possible, wetland areas will be excluded from development or incorporated into the open space features. If the Alenaio Stream is realigned, some wetland areas may be impacted. Should fill activity be proposed in any jurisdictional wetland, a Department of the Army Section 404 permit will be obtained from the USAGE. b. Terrestrial Fauna An ornithological and mammalian survey of the site was conducted in June 2003 by Rana Productions Ltd. (Appendix G). The primary purpose of the survey was to determine if there were any federally listed endangered, threatened, proposed or candidate avian or mammalian species on, or in the immediate vicinity of the project site. A one-time survey cannot provide a total picture of a wildlife utilizing any given area. However, the findings of the mammalian survey are consistent with the results of other surveys within the lowland areas of South Hilo in the recent past. Existing Conditions Mammalian Survey The survey of mammals was limited to visual and auditory detection, and by searching for • animal tracks and signs. No trapping program was undertaken to quantify the presence of mammalian species. With the exception of the endangered Hawaiian hoary bat, or ope'ape'a, all terrestrial mammals currently found on the island of Hawaii are alien species. 50 Three mammalian species were detected on site. Numerous domestic dogs (Canis f. familiaris) were heard barking from subdivisions to the north and west of the site, and both • dog and cat (Fells catus) sign and scat were encountered within the site. A total of nine pigs (Sus scrofa) were seen during this survey, as well as numerous pig trails, wallows, beds and other disturbance. Although no rodents were detected during the survey, it is likely that roof rats (Rattus r. rattus), Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), European house mice (Mus domesticus) and possibly Polynesian rats (Rattus exulans hawaiiensis) use various resources within the project site. However, without conducting a trapping program, it is difficult to assess their population densities. The endangered Hawaiian hoary bat was not detected. Although no Hawaii hoary bats were recorded during the survey, it is likely that bats do use resources within the site. Bats are regularly seen in and around Hilo, as well as along the coastline from Puna to North Hilo. Avian Survey The survey of avian species included fifteen count stations along two parallel linear transects within the project site. Counts were concentrated in the early morning hours, traditionally the peak of daily bird activity, and an additional two hours on two evenings. Time was also spent searching the site and surrounding area of species and habitats not detected during count sessions. Eight'avian species representing six separate families were recorded duringstation counts. • The species include the Spotted dove (Streptopelia chinensis), Zebra dove (Geopelia striata), Hwamei (Garrulax canorus), Red -billed Leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea), Japanese white -eye (Zosterops japonicas), Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis), House finch (Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis), and Northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis). All species recorded are alien to Hawaii. No threatened or endangered species were recorded within the site. Avian diversity and densities were low. One species, Japanese white eye, accounted for 50% of the total number of all birds recorded during station counts. An average of 29 birds were recorded per station count. Project Impacts and Mitigation The eight avian species detected are species that one would expect within disturbed, alien - species dominated lowland areas of South Hilo. Although none were observed, the study noted the possibility that small numbers of the endangered endemic Hawaiian Petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis) and the threatened Newell's Shearwater (puffnus auricularis newelli) overfly the project site between May and October. The primary causes of mortality in both these species are predation by alien mammalian species and collision with man-made structures. Nocturnally flying seabirds, especially fledglings on their way to sea, can become disoriented by exterior lighting, resulting in collisions with man-made structures. There is no habitat within the site suitable as nesting habitat for either of these listed seabird species. • 51 The project's primary potential impact on the Hawaiian Petrel and Newell's Shearwater is the increased threat that birds will be downed after becoming disoriented by exterior lighting is at the propose development. Although not detected during the survey, it is also likely that the endangered Hawaiian Hawk (Buteo solitarius) forages over portions of the site, at least occasionally. This endemic species is readily seen in and around Hilo. A potential impact of this project on Hawaiian Hawks would be if a tree containing a hawk nest was proposed for removal. Given that large 'ohi'a trees are the usual preferred nesting trees, this scenario is unlikely, though still possible. Recommendations The faunal study had the following recommendations to mitigate potential project impact: External lighting within the development should be shielded to reduce the potential for interactions between nocturnally flying seabirds with lights and man-made structures. This recommendation also complies with the County of Hawaii's current policy recommending the shielding of exterior lights to lower ambient glare to the Mauna Kea observatories. 2. An audio playback survey should be conducted immediately prior to initiating clearing activities to ensure that the clearing of site vegetation will not impact nesting is Hawaiian Hawks. Ideally, these surveys should be conducted in either late January - February, prior to the onset of the nesting season, or during June -July when the adults will have chicks in the nest. 4. Socio -Economic Characteristics a. Existing Conditions Demographic Characteristics According to the 2000 U.S. Census, the Hilo Census Designated Place (CDP) had a population of 40,759 individuals. The Hilo CDP covers roughly the greater Hilo area. The population of the Hilo CDP is a relatively stable and homogeneous group. The population is relatively young, with a median age of 38.6 years. The work force is relatively well educated, with 85.9% having a high school diploma and 24.3% with a bachelor's degree or higher. Of the population 18 years of age or older (32,054), 58.8% are in the labor force (18,848). The largest segment of the work force is employed in education, health and social services at 25.7% (4306), twice the size of the next group in the retail trade at 12.7% (2,131). The private sector employs 62.1% (10,416) of the workforce, with government employees comprising 29.2% (4,904). Median annual household income in the CDP is $39,189. • Population growth was calculated by projecting 2000 population figure by the rate of growth anticipated for the County over the successive five-year periods from 2000 to 2015. The 52 population of the Hilo CDP was projected to increase by approximately 16 percent between 2000 and 2015 (Avalon Development & Consulting, 2003). This increase is slightly higher than the 13% projected for Hawaii County and the State of Hawaii over the same period. • The 2000 census also tallied 16,026 housing units in the Hilo CD, comprised of 13,829 single family residences, 1402 condominium units, 804 rental apartments and 311 units devoted to student housing. Regional Assessment Historically, the South Hilo District and the City of Hilo have been the dominant areas for urban development and population for the entire Island of Hawaii. More recently, however, the Kona and Kohala Districts have grown increasingly less dependent on the Hilo area. The city of Hilo, however, remains the County seat, and is the location of all major government activity. Hilo's deep -draft harbor and its airport function as primary transportation gateways for the island. In addition, the University of Hawaii at Hilo and Hawaii Community College play a major economic role. The growth of diversified agriculture has been a significant economic force on the Big Island, and now accounts for over 38 percent of the $356.9 million in annual market value. More than a third of the State's total agricultural production of $511 million (2001) was generated on the Big Island, second only to Oahu. The Hilo economy is expected to reap further benefits from diversified agriculture as fallowed sugarcane lands along the Hamakua Coast are subdivided into smaller parcels. (Avalon Development & Consulting, 2003). The visitor industry in East Hawaii is relatively understated in comparison to the world-class • resorts in West Hawaii. However, despite the decline in visitor's Statewide after the event of September 11, 2001, visitor arrivals in Hilo have actually increased since 2000, due primarily the continuing eruption of Kilauea volcano. Inter -island and international cruise ships have also brought in visitor expenditures during stops in Kona and Hilo. Astronomy and research related activities contribute approximately $50 million annually to Hawaii County. The Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center is currently developing two sites in East Hawaii — a coastal site at Keaukaha and an inland site approximately six miles away in Panaewa. These centers will provide the infrastructure for a world-class aquaculture and marine science program at the University of Hawaii at Hilo. Other research facilities are associated with the observatories atop Mauna Kea and include the $1.213 Thirty Meter Telescope. The University of Hawaii plans to expand its Hilo campus, and is projecting an increase in student enrollment from 3,000 to over 5,000 over the next five to seven years. Most of the additional students are expected to come from out-of-state. UH -Hilo now has the third highest percentage of foreign students of any university, public or private, in the United States. (First Hawaii Bank, 2002). A First Hawaiian Bank report notes that more students and programs at the university mean that Hilo's economic base will be broadened and deepened. Summary 53 Is The Hilo area is forecasted to experience steady and positive economic growth. Hilo has a relatively stable economic base due to a significant portion of the workforce being employed • by State and County government. The economic base is also diversified, with no single industry dominating the area economy. Other major segments of the economy are: • Diversified Agriculture — This sector is anticipated to expand, particularly with the recent sale of C. Brewer lands along the Hamakua Coast that will provide opportunities for a new generation of farmers. • Visitor Industry — Trips to East Hawaii will continue to increase, particularly with the ongoing eruption of Kilauea. Air travel to Hilo will be augmented by expanding inter -island and international cruise ship arrivals. • Research —Astronomy and agricultural research is projected to create additional jobs for skilled technicians and support staff. • Education — Expansion of the University of Hawaii at Hilo will generate additional teaching positions and support staff. Given the modest but steady expansion projected for the East Hawaii economy, the population of Hilo is anticipated to grow in the 1% to 2% range annually between 2000 and 2015. b. Economic Impact • An Economic Impact Assessment of the project was conducted (Plasch Econ Pacific, November 2009) and is included as Appendix H. A eighteen -year project build -out period was assumed beginning in 2012 with Phase 1, and the development was projected to be completed by the end of 2030 with the completion of Phase 3. However, development could require more or less time, depending on future market conditions and home sales. Construction and Related Employment During the Project's 18 -year development period, construction employment is expected to average about 80 jobs. It is expected that the construction jobs for the Project will be filled by workers already living on the Big Island. As other construction projects are completed on the island, construction workers will be hired to work on the various components of the Project, then move on to other projects. Thus, the Project will help, keep existing construction workers employed. Indirect employment related to Project development is expected to average about 80 jobs on the Big Island and 40 jobs on O'ahu. Thus, total direct -plus -indirect employment associated with Project development activities will average about 200 jobs, of which about 160 jobs will be on the Big Island. The actual job count will fluctuate over time, depending on the pace of construction. • Operating Employment 54 On-site operating employment is expected to grow to over 1,700 jobs at full development in 2030, including about 625 jobs at the Commercial Center, about 800 jobs at the Medical Park, and about 250 jobs at the Business Park. These jobs will include entry-level positions • to highly skilled professionals. Construction Expenditures Over the 18 -year development period, total construction expenditures for the Project are estimated at about $286 million. This translates into average construction expenditures of about $15.9 million per year. In practice, construction expenditures will vary from year to year. In addition to construction costs, other development costs will be incurred for planning, permitting, design, financing, County and State exactions, marketing, and sales commissions. Operational Period At full development, the Project is expected to generate net income to the County exceeding $200,000 per year. Net revenues are positive largely because of the property taxes on the Commercial Center, Medical Park, and Technology Park. In effect, County revenues from these three components of the Project will subsidize County services to Wailani residents. County support expenditures are assumed to be at the same level of service and debt service as provided to current residents and employment centers throughout the island. The assumed debt service will be sufficient for the County to finance about $12.1 million in unspecified general improvements for Wailani residents and workers. Unlike the County, the State derives substantial net revenues from development activity. • Over the estimated 18 -year construction period, the State will net about $27.4 million from construction and related economic activities associated with the Project, or an average of about $1.5 million per year. At full development, the Project is expected to generate net income to the State of about $8.9 million per year. The positive return to the State reflects the various taxes on economic activity associated with the Commercial Center, Medical Park, and Business Park. As with County services, State revenues from these three components of the Project will subsidize State services to Wailani residents. State support expenditures are assumed to be at the same level of service and debt service as provided to current residents and employment centers throughout Hawai'i. The assumed debt service will be sufficient for the State to finance about $8.9 million in unspecified general improvements for Wailani residents and workers. The project is not expected to be a significant source of new costs for the County, as it would not, in itself, attract new residents to Hawaii. 5. Surrounding Lands a. Land use 55 L� Land uses immediately surrounding the property to the north and south are predominantly single-family residential. The northern residential area is part of the long-established • Kaumana residential section of Hilo. To the south are more recently established subdivisions, Sunrise Ridge and Sunrise Estates. Medical complexes and two other office complexes are located to the east and northeast. • • b. Zoning Immediately surround properties to the north are zoned for residential use (RS -7.5 and RS - 10). Property to the east across Komohana Street is designated neighborhood commercial (CN -20) and residential (RS -7.5) use. Areas to the south and west, across Mohouli Street are in the agricultural district (A -la). The zoning designations of these surrounding lands are compatible with the proposed mixed uses within the project area. W. D. PUBLIC FACILITES AND SERVICES • 1. Roads and Traffic n. Access Existing Conditions Hawaii County has about 1,300 miles of public roads, of which approximately 300 miles are State highways, with the remainder County roads. The major highway system on the island is the Hawaii Belt Highway. The City of Hilo is a terminal point of the Hawaii Belt Highway, which encircles the island and links Hilo to communities along the northern Hamakua Coast and the eastern Puna area. The Saddle Road crosses the island, augmenting the Hawaii Belt Highway. The project site is bordered by Komohana Street to the east and the new Mohouli Street extension to the west. The Mohouli Street extension was completed in 2002, and continued Mohouli Street from Komohana Street to Kaumana Drive. Access to the project site is available directly off of Komohana Street. At present, a jeep track enters the property near the northern boundary of the Alenaio Stream drainage channel. A second entrance how heavily overgrown with vegetation extends from Ponahawai Street at its intersection with Komohana Street. Several streets in .the residential subdivisions to the • north dead end at the project's north property boundary (see Figure 3). With the possible exception of South Wiliwili Street — and only in order to provide emergency vehicular access -, none of the surrounding existing residential streets are being proposed as access into the project area. Proposed Access Primary access into the project area will be available from both Komohana Street and Mohouli Street via a proposed extension of Ponahawai Street. This Ponahawai Street extension will connect Komohana Street to the east and Mohouli Street to the west, crossing the entire length of the property and the full extension being developed over the phasing of the project. It will be the primary access to the site and serve as a spine road through the project area. The City of Hilo Zone map shows a similar Ponahawai Street extension. However, that road extends from Komohana Street, crosses Mohouli Street, then turns southwest to Kupulau Street. It borders the Alenaio Stream drainage channel, south of the proposed alignment. This Project District application includes a request to amend the City of Hilo Zone map to allow the proposed alignment of the Ponahawai Street extension. A secondary access from Komohana Street is proposed via a new roadway north of the Ponahawai Street extension. This access road eventually joins the Ponahawai Street • extension/spine road within the project area. This roadway would be a new local roadway which would intersect across from Puuhonu Place as a signalized, fully channelized 57 intersection as traffic demand requires. The southern terminus of the local roadway would be at the Ponohawai Street extension. • A new cul-de-sac roadway to serve the townhouse units intersecting with Mohouli Street extension between Kukuau Street and the future Ponohawai Street extension intersection. b. Traffic Impact Analysis Report An analysis was conducted by AECOM to identify the traffic impacts of the proposed Wailani Center in Hilo, Hawaii, and to recommend mitigating measures; this report is included as Appendix I. The study area was centered on Komohana Street and Mohouli Street Extension from their intersection to Waianuenue Avenue/Kaumana Drive. The proposed project would be developed in three phases with each phase taking about five years. The study years were based on the full occupancy date of the first two phases (2015 and 2020) and 2030 for the third phase to comply with the 20 year forecasting requirement of the concurrency ordinance. The components of each project phase are described below: Project Phasing and Proposed Roadway Improvements PHASE 1 — to be completed and occupied by forecast year 2015• • 100,000 sf medical office building to be built along the Puuhonu Place extension roadway. . • 100,000 sf commercial center (shopping center assumed) to be built along both new roadways. Two new roadways connecting to Komohana Street would be built in this phase. 1. A collector roadway which would be an extension of Ponohawai Street would intersect as a signalized, fully channelized intersection. The western (mauka) terminus of the roadway would be at the limit of the first phase of commercial development. 2. A local roadway which would intersect across from Puuhonu Place as a signalized, fully channelized intersection. The western terminus of the local roadway would be at the Ponohawai Street extension. PHASE 2 — to be completed and occupied by forecast year 2020 • 80,000 sf additional medical office building space for a total of 180,000 sf. • 100,000 sf additional commercial center for a total of 200,000 sf. • 333 elderly housing units to be built along the Ponohawai Street extension with access to Komohana Street. • 90 townhouse units to be built on a separate cul-de-sac. Two roadway improvements would be made in this phase. • 58 1. The western terminus of the Ponohawai Street alignment would be extended toward Mohouli Street to serve the elderly housing units but not connect with the latter street. • 2. A new cul-de-sac to serve the townhouse units intersecting with Mohouli Street extension between Kukuau Street and the future Ponohawai Street extension intersection. PHASE 3 — to be completed and occupied by forecast year 2030. • 100,000 sf business park to built along the Ponohawai Street extension. • 37 large lot single family homes to be built on the same cul-de-sac as the townhouses. • 58 single family homes to be built along the Ponohawai Street extension. One roadway improvement would be made in this phase. 1. The Ponohawai Street alignment would be extended west to connect with Mohouli Street. Study Area The study area included major intersections within the project vicinity, as shown in Figure Appendix I, 11. The following intersections were evaluated: The study intersections which would be most affected by the proposed project include: • • Komohana Street and Ponohawai Street • Komohana Street and Puuhonu Street • Mohouli Street and new residential cul-de-sac • Mohouli Street and new Ponohawai Street extension The study intersections which would be less affected by the proposed project include: • Komohana Street and Mohouli Street • Komohana Street and Kukuau Street • Komohana Street and Waianuenue Avenue • Mohouli Street and Kukuau Street • Mohouli Street and Kaumana Drive and Ainako Street Existing Traffic Conditions Traffic counts were taken at the existing intersections during the weekday morning and afternoon peak commuter periods in September, 2009. Ambient Traffic Conditions • 59 Two alternate scenarios of ambient traffic which do not include the proposed project traffic • were forecast: 1. The first scenario assumed that the University of Hawaii at Hilo (UHH) mauka campus would be developed to include a UHH mauka campus extension, mauka Research Park, and the Hawaii Community College relocation. The following assumptions and adjacent projects were included in these forecasts: • 2015 (Phase 1) - regional growth increasing at 1.4% annually, 3 UHH projects (China -U.S. Center, PBAR Center, Hawaiian Language Center), UHH makai Research Park campus, County of Hawaii Fire Administration Center (phase 1), Mohouli Senior Citizen Community, and 3 County approved projects on Ponohawai Street. • 2020 (Phase 2) - regional traffic growing at 1.0% annually, Fire Administration Center (phase 2), 60% development of the UHH mauka campus. • 2030 (Phase 3) - regional traffic growing at 1.0% annually, Fire Administration Center (phase 3), 100% development of the UHH mauka campus. 2. The second scenario assumed that the UHH mauka campus would not be developed in project phases 2 and 3 to determine the traffic impacts of the mauka development. The 2015 ambient traffic forecast which is common to both • scenarios is shown on Appendix I, Figure 6. The 2020 and 2030 ambient traffic forecasts with the UHH mauka development are shown on Appendix 1, Figures 7 and 8, respectively. The corresponding forecasts without the UHH mauka development are shown on Appendix I, Figures 7B and 813, respectively Project Generated Traffic The traditional three-step procedure of trip generation, distribution and assignment was used to determine the future traffic patterns from the proposed project.. The proposed project would add large volumes of traffic on the roadway system, particularly during the afternoon peak hour. The cumulative number of trips generated during the weekday morning and afternoon peak hours in each project phase are shown below: PEAK HOUR PHASE MORNING AFTERNOON 1 404 11000 2 757 1,751 3 985 2,010 These project generated trips were assigned through the study area network and the resultant trip assignments are shown on Appendix I, Figures 9, 10 and 11 for 2015, 2020 and 2030, respectively. Total with Project Traffic Conditions M The project generated trips were added to the ambient traffic forecasts to obtain the total with project forecasts. Two sets of 2020 and 2030 total with project forecasts were made since there are two sets of ambient traffic forecasts. The following traffic assignments were • calculated and shown on the indicated figures: Level of Service Analysis The existing traffic volumes, ambient and total with project traffic forecasts were analyzed with procedures to calculate levels of service for signalized and unsignalized intersections. The study intersections were redesigned to mitigate the traffic impacts for each forecast year until acceptable levels of service D or better were obtained for the intersection. Most of the recommendations for improvements were driven by afternoon peak hour conditions, when traffic volumes were higher. • The results of the signalized intersection level of service analysis for the traffic forecast conditions with the UHH mauka development are summarized on Appendix I, Table 3A. • The results for the traffic forecast conditions without the UHH mauka development are summarized on Appendix I, Table 3B. The columns for the years 2009 (existing) and 2015 are common to both tables since the question of UHH mauka development affects forecast years 2020 and 2030 only. • The results of the level of service analysis for the unsignalized intersections on Komohana Street are shown on Appendix I, Table 4. The table only extends to • the 2020 ambient year since that is when the outbound left turn on Puuhonu Place is forecast to be level of service F and imply the need for mitigation. Future year results would only show the same need for mitigation. • The results of the level of service analysis for the intersection at Mohouli Street and Kukuau Street are shown on Appendix I, Table 5. • The results of the level of service analysis for the two new intersections to be added by the proposed project to the extension of Mohouli Street are shown on Appendix I, Figure 6. The recommended intersection designs are graphically summarized on Appendix I, Figure 15 and are discussed below by analysis years as follows: • 2009 (Existing) 2015 (Phase 1) Ambient • 2015 (Phase 1) Total with Project • 2020 (Phase 2) Ambient with no UHH mauka development • 2020 (Phase 2) Total with Project and no UHH mauka development • 2020 (Phase 2) Ambient with 60% UHH mauka development • • 2020 (Phase 2) Total with Project and 60% UHH mauka development 61 • 2030 (Phase 3) Ambient with no UHH mauka development • 2030 (Phase 3) Total with Project and no UHH mauka development • • 2030 (Phase 3) Ambient with 100% UHH mauka development • 2030 (Phase 3) Total with Project and no UHH mauka development Existing (2009) Analysis Komohana Street is currently a two lane collector roadway within the study area between Mohouli Street and Waianuenue Avenue,and has turning lanes at the "major" intersections. The Mohouli Street, Ponohawai Street and Waianuenue Avenue intersections are controlled by traffic signals. The Mohouli Street signal is currently operating at level of service D in both AM and PM peak hours, the Ponohawai Street signal is at levels of service D and C in the AM and PM peak hours, respectively, and the Waianuenue Aveneue signal is at level of service B and C in the AM and PM peak hours, respectively. The Kaumana Drive/Mohouli Street intersection is currently operating at levels of service C and B in the AM and PM peak hours, respectively. The Kukuau Street and Puuhonu Place intersections on Komohana Street are stop sign controlled on the side streets. Due to the high volumes on Komohana Street in the peak hours, the outbound left turn movements from Kukuau Street are at levels of service E and D in the morning and afternoon peak hours. The outbound left tum movement from Puuhonu. Place is at level of service D in both peak hours. • Mohouli Street was extended from Komohana Street to Kaumana Drive in the early 2000's as a two lane collector roadway. Currently the only intersection on this extended section is at Kukuau Street, which is stop sign controlled. The Kukuau Street approaches to Mohouli Street are at levels of service B and C in both peak periods implying no need for mitigation. Phase 1 (2015) Analysis The analysis of ambient (without project) traffic forecasts indicates that Komohana Street could remain as a two lane roadway until after 2015 with level of service E operations at the Mohouli Street intersection and level of service D or better at the other intersections. Komohana Street would have to be widened to four lanes to improve to level of service D in the PM peak hour. The Kaumana Drive/Mohouli Street intersection would operate at level of service C in both peak hours. The two unsignalized intersections on Komohana Street at Kukuau Street and Puuhonu Place can expect to be signalized in the future with or without the project as increasing through traffic volumes on Komohana Street.cause increased delays on the side streets to the point they become unacceptable to the driving public. Traffic delays on the side streets would increase due to increased through traffic on Komohana Street even if there is no increase in side street traffic volumes. These two intersections would be operating at level of service F by 2015, implying the need for mitigation. The two approaches of Kukuau Street at Mohouli Street are forecast to operate at level of service E or better, implying no need for mitigating • measures. 62 The proposed project would require that roadway improvements be made at the Ponohawai Street and Puuhonu Place intersections on Komohana Street to provide access into the project site. Komohana street would remain at two through lanes. The specific improvements which • would be required at these two signalized intersections to maintain acceptable levels of service include: @ Ponohawai Street: • Komohana Street northbound approach- addition of a left tum lane to enter the project site • Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of a right turn lane to enter the project site • Ponohawai eastbound approach- addition of one left turn lane, and one shared through/right turn lane (could be separate through and right turn lanes) to exit the project site. • Ponohawai westbound approach — convert the existing right turn lane to a shared rightturn/through lane. • Komohana Street south leg — remove the crosswalk crossing Komohana Street to eliminate the need for a separate pedestrian phase. @ Puuhonu Place: • Komohana Street northbound approach- addition of a left turn lane to enter the project site • Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of a right turn lane to enter • the project site • Puuhonu Place eastbound approach- addition of one left turn lane, and one shared through/right turn lane to exit the project site • Puuhonu Place westbound approach- widen the approach to have one left turn lane and a shared through/right turn lane. Two alternative design concepts were analyzed for the proposed Puuhonu Place intersection: • A signalized, fully channelized intersection as described above would be the most feasible. • The second concept utilized an unsignalized intersection with only right turn in, right turn out movements on the project (west) side of Komohana Street and a fully accessible, unsignalized intersection on the existing (east) approach. This concept was found to be infeasible since the east approach would operate at level of service F and require mitigation in the form of traffic signals, resulting in the first design concept. The only way to make the second concept work would be to have right turn in, right turn out movements on both sides of Komohana Street. This may not be feasible for the east approach of Puuhonu Place since there are no alternate travel paths for the prohibited movements. And Komohana Street is not wide enough to provide an area where U turns could be made downstream. • 63 Komohana Street would have to be widened to four pass-through lanes at Mohouli Street to accommodate traffic from the first phase of project development. The following roadway is improvements to the existing roadway would be required to attain level of service D or better: @ Mohouli Street: • Komohana Street northbound approach- addition of second through lane • Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of second through lane • Mohouli Street westbound approach- addition of second left turn lane The Mohouli Street improvement is the only additional requirement over the ambient traffic design for this intersection. The Komohana Street/Waianuenue Avenue intersection would not require additional improvements. The Kaumana Drive/Mohouli Street intersection would operate at level of service C in both peak hours and not require any additional improvements. Phase 2 (2020) Analysis scenario with no UHH Mauka Development: Several roadway improvements would have to be made to the study area roadway network for the 2015 ambient forecast to serve the 2020 ambient forecast without UHH mauka development scenario. These improvements include a second left turn lane on the westbound approach of Mohouli Street and widening the eastbound approach of Kaumana Drive at Mohouli Street to include a separate right turn lane. • Komohana Street would have to be widened from two to four through lanes to accommodate the traffic generated from second project phase. The improvements needed to transform the 2015 total with project roadway system into the 2020 total with project and no UHH development scenario include: @ Mohouli Street: • Komohana Street northbound approach- addition of second left turn lane • Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of second left turn lane @ Ponohawai Street: • Komohana Street northbound approach- addition of second through lane • Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of second through lane • Komohana Street northbound approach- addition of second left turn lane • Ponohawai westbound approach- addition of second left turn lane The addition of the second southbound left turn lane at Mohouli Street implies the widening of the east leg of Mohouli Street to four lanes makai of Komohana Street. No roadway improvements would be needed on Mohouli Street mauka of Komohana Street • for the 2020 ambient forecast without UHH development. 64 The proposed project would add a new intersection to the section of Mohouli Street between Kukuau Street and Kaumana Drive during the second project phase. This intersection would serve a new residential cul-de-sac and should have acceleration/deceleration lanes with a left • tum lane on Mohouli Street. The residential cul-de-sac would not generate enough trips to warrant a traffic signal. The outbound movement would be level of service D in both peak hours without the UHH mauka development, implying no need for mitigation. Phase 2 (2020) Analysis scenario with UHH Mauka Development: Komohana Street would need to be widened to four through lanes between Mohouli and Ponohawai Streets to serve the 2020 ambient forecast with UHH mauka development scenario. The additional improvements to the 2015 ambient network which would be required at these two intersections to maintain acceptable levels of service include: @ Mohouli Street: • Komohana Street northbound approach- addition of second left turn lane • Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of second left turn lane • Mohouli Street westbound approach- addition of second left turn lane. @ Kakuau Street: • Komohana Street northbound approach- addition of second through lane • Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of second left turn lane @ Ponohawai Street: • • Komohana Street northbound approach- addition of second through lane • Ponohawai westbound approach- addition of second left turn lane The additional traffic generated by the second project phase would require changes to the 2015 total with project roadway network to transform into the 2020 total with project and UHH development scenario. These improvements to serve the Phase 2 project traffic include: @ Mohouli Street: • Komohana Street northbound approach- addition of second left turn lane • Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of second left turn lane • Mohouli Street eastbound approach- addition of second through lane • Mohouli Street westbound approach- addition of second through lane @ Kakuau Street: • Komohana Street northbound approach- addition of second through lane • Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of second left turn lane @ Ponohawai Street: • Komohana Street northbound approach- addition of second through lane • • Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of second through lane 65 • Komohana Street northbound approach- addition of second left turn lane • • Ponohawai westbound approach- addition of second left turn lane @ Puuhonu Place: • Komohana Street northbound approach- separate through and right turn lanes. The section of Mohouli Street between Komohana Street and Kukuau Street would need to be widened to four through lanes by 2020 for the forecast scenario with the development of the UHH mauka campus,. The Kukuau Street approaches would experience increased delays with the increased through traffic on Mohouli Street. The level of service F for the outbound movements implies the need for mitigation. The intersection would probably not warrant traffic signals in the future so that left turns may have to be restricted during peak periods. The remaining section of Mohouli Street Extension to Kaumana Drive would not have to be widened in 2020. The residential cul-de-sac on Mohouli Street would be at levels of service E and D during the morning and afternoon peak hours, respectively, with the UHH development, implying no need for mitigation. Phase 3 (2030) Analysis scenario with no UHH Mauka Development: The growth in ambient traffic between 2020 and 2030 for both with and without UHH mauka scenarios would require roadway improvements for both study networks. For the • 2030 ambient without UHH mauka scenario, Komohana Street could remain at two through lanes at Ponohawai Street and Puuhonu Place, and four lanes at Mohouli Street and Kukuau Street. The additional improvements required to the 2020 ambient without UHH mauka scenario network include: @ Mohouli Street: • Komohana Street northbound approach- addition of second left turn lane • Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of second left turn lane • Mohouli Street eastbound approach- addition of second left turn lane @ Kukuau Street: • Komohana Street northbound approach- addition of second through lane • Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of second through lane @ Ponohawai Street: • Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of second turn lane • Ponohawai westbound approach- addition of second left tum lane Komohana Street could remain as a four lane roadway from Mohouli Street to Puuhonu Place in 2030 with traffic from the proposed project and no UHH mauka development. The additional improvements required to the 2020 total with project and without UHH mauka • scenario network include: @ Mohouli Street: • Mohouli Street eastbound approach- addition of second through lane • Mohouli Street westbound approach- addition of second through lane. • @ Ponohawai Street: Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of second left tum lane @ Puuhonu Place: • Komohana Street northbound approach- addition of second through lane • Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of second through lane The turning lane requirements imply the widening of Ponohawai Street to a four lane facility makai of Komohana Street by 2030. In addition, the four through lane design on Komohana Street would have to be extended from Puuhonu Place to Waianuenue Avenue. The Komohana Street/Waianuenue Avenue and Kaumana Drive/Mohouli Street intersections would not require additional roadway improvements. The outbound movement from the residential cul-de-sac is forecast to be at level of service D in the 2030 peak with two through lanes on Mohouli Street and no UHH mauka development. A single outbound lane would sufficient. The Ponohawai Street Extension would intersect Mohouli Street during the third project phase. The intersection is forecast to generate larger number of trips. With no UHH mauka development, the outbound movement from Ponohawai Street would be level of service E • and not require mitigation. The intersection should be fully channelized with a left turn lane on Mohouli Street. The remaining section of Mohouli Street Extension to Kaumana Drive would not have to be widened. Phase 3 (2030) Analysis scenario with UHH Mauka Development: Komohana Street would require six through lanes at Mohouli Street for the 2030 ambient traffic forecast with the UHH mauka development scenario. The additional improvements required to the 2020 ambient with UHH mauka scenario network include: @ Mohouli Street: • Komohana Street northbound approach- addition of a third through lane • Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of a third through lane Mohouli Street eastbound approach- addition of a second through lane .@ Ponohawai Street: Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of a second through lane • Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of a second left turn lane In order to maintain level of service D operations for the total with project and UHH mauka development scenario, Komohana Street would need to be widened to six through lanes at • 67 the Mohouli Street intersection. The additional improvements required to the 2020 total with project and UHH mauka scenario network include: • @ Mohouli Street: • Komohana Street northbound approach- addition of a third through lane • Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of a third through lane @ Ponohawai Street: • Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of a second left turn lane @ Puuhonu Place: • Komohana Street northbound approach- convert the right turn lane into a shared through/right turn lane • Komohana Street southbound approach- addition of a second through lane The turning lane requirements imply the widening of Ponohawai Street to a four lane facility at its mauka terminus by 2030. In addition, the four through lane design on Komohana Street would have to be extended from Puuhonu Place to Waianuenue Avenue. The Komohana Street/Waianuenue Avenue and Kaumana Drive/Mohouli Street intersections would not require additional roadway improvements. With UHH mauka development, the cul-de-sac roadway should have separate left and right • turn lanes. The outbound left turn is forecast to be at level of service F in the AM peak with two through lanes on Mohouli Street. Widening Mohouli Street to four through lanes at this location would improve the left turn movement's operations to level of service E and negate the need for traffic signals. The Ponohawai Street Extension approach at Mohouli Street is forecast to operate at level of service F with the UHH mauka development and would require mitigation in the form of traffic signals. The intersection should be fully channelized with a left turn lane on Mohouli Street. The remaining section of Mohouli Street Extension to Kaumana Drive would not have to be widened. Accelerating the Completion of the Ponohawai Street Extension The project schedule calls for the Ponohawai Street Extension to be connected to Mohouli Street extension during Phase 3 of the Wailani development. A detailed, quantitative analysis of the impact of completing this connection during the second project phase was not conducted. The following paragraphs discuss the preliminary, qualitative impacts of completing the Ponohawai Street Extension in an earlier project phase. Completion of the Ponohawai Street Extension between Komohana Street and Mohouli Street extension is expected to provide an alternate route between Komohana Street and Kaumana/ Ainako for project visitors and commuters passing through the area. This • diversion could improve traffic operations on Komohana Street, Waianuenue Avenue, and Kaumana Drive. M The Wailani project schedule has its largest trip generators (the medical center and commercial center) completed by the second project phase. As such, almost all the trips to the project site would have to travel on Komohana Street during the first two project phases. • Visitors to the project site from northwest Hilo (Kaumana and Ainako) are not expected to use the Mohouli Street extension route due to the backtracking required to get to the project site. It is estimated that about 10 to 30% of the project visitors (less than 100 an hour each way) would be able to use the Mohouli Street route with the Ponohawai Street Extension opened and avoid the Waianuenue Avenue/ Kaumana Drive route. There is a small group of commuters who travel between downtown Hilo and the northwest Hilo that travel on Ponohawai Street, Kukuau Street and the Mohouli Street. This number was estimated from the number of right turns from Kukuau Street to Mohouli Street extension (less than 50 per hour). This group would also be able to use the shorter Ponohawai Street Extension/ Mohouli Street route with the extension opened and not travel through Kukuau Street. Additional commuters could also be drawn to this route. In all, completing the Ponohawai Street Extension to Mohouli Street in the second project phase would divert about 100 to 150 vehicles from Waianuenue Avenue/ Kaumana Drive and improve traffic operations on the latter route and Komohana Street. It could have an adverse impact at the Kaumana Drive/Mohouli Street intersection by increasing the already large left turning volumes. • C� M. 2. Water • a. Existing Conditions The County of Hawaii Department of Water Supply operates and maintains twenty-three separate water systems. The Hilo Water System is served by three main sources; the Olaa Flume Source, the Panaewa Well and the Piihonua Well. These three sources supply the average City of Hilo consumption of 6.0 million gallons per day (mgd). The combined normal capacity of the three sources is over 20 mgd. Water service to the project area is from the Piihonua well source and is distributed by an 8 - inch waterline from Ainako Street-Kaumana Drive and 12 -inch lines along Komohana and Mohouli Streets. b. Project Impacts and Mitigation Department of Water Supply (DWS) has indicated that the project may be served by the County water system. There is an existing 12 -inch water main on Komohana Street fronting the project site. The same water main also runs on a portion of Punahele Street near Hoomano intersection. Another 12 -inch water main is found on the Mohouli Extension, however, this waterline is in a different pressure zone, and therefore, interconnection between the upper and lower waterlines is not permitted (See Figure 11). • Based on the Water System Standards, 2002, and referencing water usage of similar existing facilities, the estimated water consumptions are as follows: LJ Development Acreage Residential Estimated Equivalent Basis of Units Average Water Units Estimate Daily Water Usa e Medical Park 14 20,407 gpd Say 60 WU 0.1134 gallons per s.f. of floor area, for 180,000 s.f. Commercial 1 5.8 17,400 gpd 43.5 WU 3000 gpd / ac. Commercial 2 16.9 50,700 gpd 126.75 WU 3000 gpd / ac. Park 6.9 1,200 gpd 3 WU Elderly 26.8 333 66,600 gpd 166.5 WU 200 gpd / unit Housing Town House 17.5 90 36,000 gpd 90 WU 400 gpd / unit Business Park 17.8 53,400 gpd 133.5 WU 3000 gpd / ac. Single Family 13.4 58 23,200 gpd 58 WU 400 gpd / lot RS 7.5 Large Lot 18.5 37 14,800 gpd 37 WU 400 gpd / lot RS20 Total 283,700 gpd Say 719 WU 70 The above estimate of water usages are for order of magnitude planning purpose. A better estimate of water usage should be determined in the final design phase. DWS has also indicated that the developer may also need to make the following offsite • improvements at different stages of the development: 1. Connection to Komohana 12 -inch waterline with a new 12 -inch water main that will serve as the main feed to the Phase 1 development. This new water main may be dead ended within the site initially (Figure 11, Note 5). 2. When the water usage exceeds 100 WU, the dead ended 12 -inch waterline must be extended to connect to the existing 12 -inch waterline on Punahele Street to create a looped system. This can be accomplished by extending the 12 -inch waterline through Spring Street and Punahele Street and connect at the Punahele / Punawai Intersection (Figure 11, Note 6). 3. When the development reaches 200 WU, the developer needs to enter an agreement with DWS to develop an off-site water source. This will likely to be drilling and outfitting production water well at the existing DWS Piihonua Reservoir No. 2 site. Actual timing of well construction depends on the current well pump run time. DWS will make that determination at a later date (Figure 11, Notes 7 &11). 4. When the development reaches 350 feet elevation, the water service must be connected to the 12 -inch on Mohouli Extension at the proposed Ponahawai intersection and run and connects to the 16 -inch water main on Waianuenue Avenue on the other end. This new waterline will provide a two-way feed into the project site at a different pressure zone (Figure 11, Notes 8, 9 & 10). Per DWS Water Standards, interior waterlines serving commercial zoned area shall meet the minimum fire protection flow of 2000 gpm @ 20 psi residual pressure. When serving the Elderly Housing and the Townhouses, minimum fire flow is 1500 gpm @ 20 psi residual pressure. For Small Lot single family housing and the Large Lot subdivision, 1000 gpm and 500 gpm @ 20 psi residual is required, respectively. • 71 3. Sewage Disposal is a. Existing Conditions The project area is not presently served by the County sewer system. The closet lines are along Punahele Street to the north and in the Sunset Ridge subdivision to the south which exits crossing Komohana Street to Kukuau Street. The State Department of Heath will require that the proposed community be connected to the municipal system or have its own treatment facility. b. Project Impacts and Mitigation To explore different mitigation options for the proposed development, a preliminary engineering study was performed to determine the capacity of the existing sewer main on Punahele Street (Ainako Interceptor Sewer). According to the record sewer plans, this existing sewer system downstream of the proposed development has a limiting section between Manhole #22 and #23 on Punahele Street. It is a 15 -inch reinforced concrete pipe at a 1.35% slope. Based on the current wastewater standard, this pipe has a maximum capacity of 6.857 cfs or 4.204 MGD (Figure 13). The estimated design peak flow upstream of the development including the future extension of the Ainako Interceptor system to upper Ainako and Kaumana areas, is 3.789 MGD. Applying the Babbit equation for maximum flow rate, the existing 15 -inch sewer is clearly capable of handling the additional flows from the proposed Phase 1 and 2 developments. Therefore, discharging the project wastewater into the existing Punahele sewer is possible, at least in the first two phases. • Option No. 1: Provide a sewer extension from the Punahele/Komohana intersection to Ponahawaii/Komohana intersection, approximately 1,690 linear feet (Figure 12, Note 1). Although this alignment provides the shortest route to County sewer with gravity pipes, it travels through a crest on Komohana Street near Pun Honu Place intersection which may result in burying some portion of the new sewer pipe 30+ feet under the road surface. If open excavation is used, the width at the top of the trench may be as wide as 60 feet. • Option No. 2: Provide lift station(s) to pump the sewer from a lower elevation into the Punahele Sewer system via Waipuna Place (Figure 12, Note 2). This option will avoid deep trenching and working on a busy street like Komohana Street. However, the County Wastewater Division has indicated that they will not accept the lift station(s) as a part of their system, so these lift stations will be privately operated and maintained systems. The cost of forced main sewer will be relatively less expensive than the gravity sewer due to shallower bury. But the lift station(s) may be required to be meet County Standards in redundancy, reliability and emergency power backup requirements which will add significant cost to the lift station system. • Option No. 3: Provide a new sewer along the existing Ponahawai Street down to Keawe Street intersection (Figure 12, Note 3). This extension will be approximately 5260 linear feet from Komohana Street to Keawe Street. This option is more than three • times the length of Option No. 1 but this sewer line will be running in a shallow trench (5'-7' deep). This is a preferred route by the County Wastewater Division because it will also serve other properties along existing Ponahawai Street. 72 The three options presented all have their advantages and difficulties. It is not known at this time which option will be the most efficient and least expensive option. A detail design for • these options in the final design stage would be required to make the final determination. 11 r, U 73 w U d o /as Zot���F�- J Q Z - zw�0�oa 0 0 0 I w L,J 3: M D Qorooi �wwwY U1 U1 (n U 0 00� �C)_0_Q_a U0000 Xlr Of 0!� Of CLEL Cl- 0- N 3 I I I I• , 6y6- 2�� Cy K�M�N ,0091 .7&x ZIN-TO- 0 W N M Q N cn f= WLcli z O/ c r 1 0 p 3 • p C? m j o � srt y p p i 0' c. o p � � N (n C N W O w 0 Y Q Y, p o � o .3 Q - LLJ o w o W, LLJ axi v a'�i cn z W o � W W C) W W \..�s. v a � p d 0. V, •, . yp y W0 Lr) �� J W \.. ,. LLJ Ut O o o Liz ;. •r W 0. 0. 0. Ll W ,0 O o F o Q o `n N M 19WN M& - o. N .z.1. o ,(n W W: Or j . • • Sewer Flow EBtimale.As COMPUTATION OF WASTEWATER FLOW - FIGURE 13 PROJECT I Wailani DIvelO ment PAGE: LOCATION Hilo, Hawaii COMPUTED 9Y: Yen Wen Fan TMK'. DATE 2&Nov-09 TRIBUTAF1 EOUNKENT POP11710tY Note: ueM1asln boM en'n MiO'gn Galbn Per Oe MGD RESIDENTML OTHER T.T. WpaTEWATER FLOW 60MPUTXTgN I 1E.6TING I ULTIIMTE SEWER STUDY 0 E o ® o o �° o o i= C 9 _ _ = o F = im 3a a IN xo i w zo a 3 3 o 's Q 3 ISn '= IS p 3° – m s cri _ 6 1 1160 ++7aG0 0.117 3000 056] 000] 0.1P 4595 f6.] ooas 0610 4981 O. M'0 OaOx oao0 Omrvlol IDNNI 0+696.4 1sn1z o.+62 sa0p III. ON9 0161 117. 62.1 0076 aNi 1.369 1. )(NI, 0 360 3W00 Oo3osW] 01st a., OOi2 0.151 ale 1.0 0191 ..1 1.0.pq^ oa me. an" a5 uz3 u+a40 4122 ss9] owo T.1 II NI Dsfie :aes o3s1 6.9:e 14M 0 MI 0000 affu 624 49920 OOSO 5440 Oz50 0003 0053 0253 675 O. CBC Ov] 0522 OM O.NN ? `1241 j LL —E 99520 0 I arae 06]6 o. M"6 Olas 064 .4 zMs 0361 OW 1.345 O0W o. M'0 2y E j� G. 353E00 0]613]14 1.313 0032 0.375 1136 276.0 0305 1.661 26M 0.. OW0 16 IL11555 0 924132 09243065 2833 ... 0962 269110512 1314 4.205 6.`A7 15 1J5 B,MO 5301 1.21111 H00011 Tolak 6+556 407776 509] 68.653 413875 31058 IC4m PT pm 0182 09a9 0011 01M 09N1 00]1 0991 ppNN! cls c6. cte ck ch ch ahl � Natss' fayuma0 weaNm vI es PipeF Mm94x-(Tax . 1-.'. ebb) Avyum. W. W..l , I'll klzs0 1 Full SI lF.mi R5)ion 4tspAe pal bt 60 parrs iia Centel m -Radio OOM Neo Palk. Comm, Tec�Pa�k'¢40 tspile pxea. OeN Naaam)IN rnM G...) J.W. ai Mann ' DWMDm n51alloMs 0015 WMl Prvbvv PenmD V V bDNNI/pe I aorvml Wailani Development FIGURE 13 4. Solid Waste a. Existing Conditions • The County of Hawaii's solid waste management system maintains two landfills, one in East Hawaii and another in West Hawaii. The County -operated landfill in the airport industrial area serves the entire east section from Honokaa to Waiohinu in Kau. The Puuanahulu site, serving West Hawaii, is operated under contract by Waste Management of Hawaii. In addition, there are 21 transfer stations on the island, serving the rural areas. Solid waste from the transfer stations are trucked to each landfill depending upon location. There are no transfer stations in the city of Hilo, nor are there municipal hauling services on the island. Residential waste is hauled individually or through commercial hauling services to the East Hawaii landfill. No fees are charged for individual households transporting their own solid wastes, however commercial haulers or non -household users are charged a tipping fee. Islandwide, the overall waste generation per capita in the County was estimated at 6.2 pounds in 2000. The Hilo landfill is nearing full capacity. The remaining space is estimated to be enough for approximately two years of operation at the current rate of waste disposal. So far, the State Department of Health has not renewed the waste facility permit that expired in 1998. The landfill must be closed when it is full. Unless an approved site is located in East Hawaii, the waste must be transported to the Puuanahulu site. The landfill has enough capacity to accommodate the waste streams from both the west and east sides of the island • for about 30 more years. There are thirteen recycling companies in Hawaii County. The County of Hawaii pays diversion grants to companies that deliver designated recyclable materials to end users. Additionally the County established an experimental recycling station in Keaau, East Hawaii. b. Project Impacts and Mitigation Assuming that per capita disposal rate remains the same at 6.2 pounds, and assuming that the household size for Hawaii is 2.5 persons, it is anticipated that the project at build out will generate approximately 10,000 pounds of solid waste per day. Programs for recycling and re -use will be encouraged within the project. S. Electrical a. Existing Conditions The Hawaii Electric Light Company, Inc. (HELCO) supplies electricity for the island of Hawaii. HELCO owns and operates several power generation plants that utilize different sources of energy ranging from steam and other combustible gases, hydropower and wind energy. In addition, HELCO purchases power from four other private sources — Hilo Coast • Power Company (coal), Hamakua Energy Partners (oil), Puna Geothermal Venture (geothermal) and a small independent power producer utilizing hydropower. 77 HELCO also owns and operates the electrical distribution system that consists of main cross - island transmission lines with 69 kV capacity. Other regional distributions systems consist of varying voltage levels. HELCO's long-term plans include the eventual conversion to lines of 12.47 kV capacity. The distribution system consists of both overhead pole lines and underground systems. Peak electrical demand in 1999 was 170.2 megawatts. Average annual residential use for that year was 6,563 kilowatt hours per customer. Electrical transmission lines along Komohana Street are three phase, 12.47/7.2 kV capacity and are served by the Komohana Street substation. A two phase, 2.4 kV/13.8 kV line serves Wiliwili Street. Electricity would be available from either transmission line. b. Project Impacts and Mitigation It is anticipated that 12.47 kV lines will be brought into the proposed development. The main lines may then be stepped down to 7.2 kV for the smaller project areas. It is intended that the development will include overhead lines within the project. At build -out, improvements to a substation may be required. Further detailed discussions with HELCO will be held as the project's master plan is prepared. Improvements to electrical service will be phased over the proposed project phasing as follows: • • Phase 1 — Medical Complex and Commercial: Installation of distribution/transmission poles parallel to those at the top of Ponahawai Street; replacement and installation of distribution poles on Komohana Street (2nd feeder from Komohana Sub.) • Phase 2 — Senior Housing and Multi -Family Housing: Installation of distribution lines along Mohouli Street from Uluwai Street to the Multi -Family housing. Installation of transmission lines from Komohana substation along Komohana Street and Puueo substation along Ponahawai Street (from Kinoole Street). This action will require PUC application and approval. • Phase 3 — Business Park and Single -Family Residential Lots: Install new poles on Wiliwili Street. Any proposed overhead line extension will be made in accordance with Rule 13 of HELCO's tariff. 6. Other Utilities and Services a. Telecommunications As in the rest of the world, the County of Hawaii has experienced an accelerated transformation in telecommunication technology and service. Telephone services are now • provided through both wired infrastructure ("landlines") as well as wireless cell towers. Since 1998, the entire island of Hawaii has had digital switching capabilities. This has enabled the existing telephone infrastructure to accommodate high-speed data transfers, 78 internet and World Wide Web services. Verizon Hawaii provides the wired telephone service, while it and other providers offer cellular service. Verizon Hawaii has both a copper cable and fiber optic cable lines located along Komohana • Street. Sandwich Isles Communications Co. has plans to install a fiber optic line along Waianuenue Avenue. b. Gas There are no municipal gas lines adjacent to the project area. Propane gas tanks provide service to both individual residences such as at Sunset Ridge as well as the medical facilities along Komohana Street. 7. Police and Fire Protection a. Police The site is served by the County Police Department's South Hilo Patrol Division. The Division is headquartered at the South Hilo District Station, at 349 Kapiolani Street, less than one mile from the site. The station has 79 uniformed officers on three shifts. b. Fire The County Fire Department's First -In District is the Central Fire Station located on • Ponahawai and Kinoole Streets. Each shift has an average of six firefighters. The station has one fire engine and one ambulance. A second station is located on Kaumana Drive near the intersection with Mohouli Street. In addition to the fire and rescue operation, the unit headquarters the hazardous material operation. 8. Schools Public schools in, the South Hilo district include two high schools, three intermediate and eight elementary schools. The closest public schools in the project area include Hilo High School, about a half -mile north of the project site, and the Waiakea High School, Waiakea Middle School and Waiakea Elementary School, about two miles to the south. DeSilva Elementary School is located just west of the project site. According to the State Department of Education, current official enrollment for school year 2009-2010 is: • Hilo High School — 1,310 students • Hilo Intermediate School — 492 students • Waiakea High School — 1,226 students • Waiakea Middle School (grades 6-8) — 864 students • Waiakea Elementary School —840 students • DeSilva Elementary School —381 students r 1 L_J 79 The private Saint Joseph High and Elementary Schools are located to the east of the project site. • The 185 proposed single-family and multi -family residential units may slightly increase demand on public educational facilities in the area. Assuming standard student ratios per 100 dwelling units, the project's 185 residential units will generate approximately 84 additional elementary through high school students. School Facility Student per 100 Dwelling Projected Increase in Units* Enrollment (185 residential units) _Elementary (Grades K-5) 25 46 _Middle (Grades 6-8) 10 19 High (Grades 9-12) 10 19 Total 84 *Source: State of Hawaii Department of Education The University of Hawaii at Hilo main campus is located about two miles directly south of the project site. The University is the only public institution of higher education in the County of Hawaii, and incorporates a two-year community college, a four-year university, and continuing education. Enrollment at the University of Hawai'i at Hilo reached an all- time high for Fall, 2009. Opening enrollment figures from the University of Hawai'i System shows UH Hilo's fall enrollment increased to 3,996, with a gain of 210 students, or 5.5 percent over the previous year. These enrollment figures extend a steady, upward period of • growth dating back to 1998. Over the next five to seven years enrollment is projected to increase to 5,000. • Major programs include the College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Natural Resource Management; the College of Arts and Sciences; the College of Hawaiian Language; and the College of Continuing Education and Community Service. Distance learning classes and continuing education are also offered. The project itself may not specifically increase enrollment at the University of Hilo, although the proposed residential units could provide convenient housing for university students, faculty and staff. EM 9. Parks n LJ There are a number of public park facilities within a three-mile radius of the project site; these include: • Wailuku River State Park and north of Hilo High School • Carvalho Park north of Hilo High School • Mooheau and Bayfront Beach Park fronting Hilo Bay • Wailoa River State Recreational Area also near Hilo Bay • Hoolulu Park in the civic center • Lokahi Park near Waiakea High School • University Park adjacent to UH Hilo • Ainako Park and other smaller community parks. • Golf courses in the area include the Banyan Golf Course near Banyan Drive and the Hilo Municipal Golf Course about five miles south of the project site. • [1 • E. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS 1. Relationship between Local Short Term uses of Environment and Maintenance and Enhancement of Long -Term Productivity Every project involves tradeoffs between short term uses and potential long-term uses. The short-term use, or development of residential and commercial uses on the site, will preclude future use of the site for agriculture, open space, as well as other urban land uses. However, the project will retain significant open space and recreational areas. It will also provide residential units in the area, addressing an existing need. The need for student housing for University of Hawaii Hilo students is especially great. Long term impacts of the project are expected to be favorable, given that the project is consistent with existing zoning, development plan, and other land use regulations. Any short-term, construction related impacts would be mitigated by the enhancement of long-term productivity of the site. 2. Mitigative Measures Proposed to Avoid, Minimize, Rectify or Reduce Impact Mitigation measures proposed to avoid or minimize environmental impacts were discussed in • Chapters C and D of this environmental report. Short-term, construction related impacts will be mitigated by sound construction practices, which meet County and State noise, air and water quality regulations and requirements. The Alenaio Stream will be improved in a way that maintains a natural appearance, and will be incorporated into the open space component of the development. Stream channel improvements will be designed not to increase off-site runoff or flooding problems. Detention basins will be included if needed. There will be no increase in off-site runoff. An archaeological mitigation plan, including data recovery and preservation components, will be prepared and submitted to the State Historic Preservation Division. Additional surveys and wetland delineation, if appropriate, will be conducted around the existing pond and adjacent to the main stream channels. Whenever possible, wetland areas will be excluded from development and incorporated into the open space features. If any wetland are impacted by the project, a Department of the Army permit will be obtained. Traffic improvements will be made to various roadways and intersections to mitigate the project's traffic impacts. The project will include water, sewer and electrical improvements needed to serve and accommodate the proposed development. 3. Alternative to the Proposed Development Several alternatives to the proposed development were considered, including the no action alternative. The no action alternative would retain the site in its current undeveloped state. • . This alternative would not have short-term, construction related impacts or require 82 expenditures or site improvements, but would also not provide additional medical facilities, commercial options, housing in the region or public open space. A proposal for an 18 -hole golf course and related improvements was proposed by another is developer in 1991. This proposal would have converted the site to a productive use, while retaining the open space character of the area and its natural scenic qualities. A golf course would be compatible with the surrounding residential and medical office uses, provide a recreational and visitor attraction, and could accommodate flooding within the Alenaio Stream channel. However, the previous golf course proposal was abandoned because of changing market conditions and the loss of its anticipated out -of -country financing. Another alternative would be all single family residential development. This alternative was not pursued because a mixed use community was seen as more desirable and beneficial to the community. Moreover, there is a demand for medical, commercial, senior housing and single family and multi -family accommodation uses, especially due to the proximity of the University and Hilo Medical Center. 4. Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Natural Resources that would be involved if the Proposed Action is Implemented With any development, there are irreversible and irretrievable commitments of natural resources. For example, the construction of the proposed medical, commercial, residential and business park development will result in an irreversible and irretrievable commitment of capital, land, labor and energy of the design and development of the project. The • commitment of these resources, however, should be evaluated in light of the expected benefits to the community from the project. The project will transform the 171.5 -acre site from its present fallow agricultural/open state to an urban environment. However, the termination of active sugar cultivation occurred years ago, independent of the proposed development. The proposed development is consistent with the current State Land use "Urban" designation, as well as with County General Plan land use designations and zoning. The project site is surrounded by residential and other urban uses, and as such, is more appropriate for urban expansion than agricultural use. There is ample prime agricultural land for diversified agriculture in other locations. The housing opportunities provided by the project, the associated employment created, and the tax revenues generated offsets the loss of the land's potential agricultural use. The development of a medical campus, commercial areas, up to 333 new senior residential units, up to 185 single-family and multi -family residential units and business park will create a demand on utility systems, existing roadways, schools and public services. However, any new commitment of publicly supported services and facilities will be more than compensated for by increases in tax revenues. 83 F. REFERENCES • A Preliminary Drainage Report Prepared University Terrace Master Plan (project) Hilo, Island of Hawai'i M & E Pacific. June 24, 2003 B Draft Air Quality Study (Prepared for the) Proposed University Terrace, South Hilo, Hawai'i B.D. Neal and Associates. July, 2003 C Draft Environmental Noise Report, (Prepared for) Ponahawai University Terrace (Project), Hilo, Hawai'i D.L. Adams & Associates, Ltd. June, 2003. D Letter report Subject: Archaeological Field Inspection, Sure Save Parcel (TMK:3-2- 3-037:001) Haun & Associates. December 12, 2002 E He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai a me Punahoa ma Hilo, A Collection of Traditions and Historical Accounts for Ponahawai and Punahoa, District of Hilo, Island of Hawai'i Kumu Pono Associates. May, 2003 F Botanical Survey, TMK 2-3-44: 19 and 53 • Preliminary Investigation of Potential Wetlands at Ponahawai, Hilo Geometrician Associates, LLC. 2003 • G A Survey of Avian and Terrestrial Mammalian Species of the Ponahawai Mixed Use Planned Community Site, South Hilo District, Hawai'i Rana Productions, Ltd. June, 2003 H Wailani Development: Economic and Fiscal Impacts Plasch Econ Pacific LLC. November, 2009 Traffic Impact Analysis Report for Wailani Center, Hilo, Island of Hawai'i, Hawai'i AECOM. December, 2009. J County of Hawaii, The General Plan, Hawaii County, November, 1989. K First Hawaiian Bank. Economic Forecast, Big Island Edition, 2002. L The Keith Companies — Hawaii. Use Permit Application Komohana Golf Course. October 1990. 84 n U 0 0 APPENDIX A PRELIMINARY DRAINAGE REPORT for UNIVERSITY TERRACE MASTER PLAN, HILO, ISLAND OF HAWAII M & E Pacific Executive Summary Preliminary Drainage Report for University Terrace Master Plan Hilo, Island of Hawaii TMK: 3rd Div. 2-3-44:por. 09 M & E Pacific, Inc. 1001 Bishop Street Suite 500 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813-3588 0 0 r� U 0 0 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction......................................:..............:........................................ ..........1 2.0 Existing Condition .......................... ...................................................::..:.............................. 1 3.0 Proposed Condition....................:..............:......................................................................... 1 3.1 Drainageway No. 1 — Alenaio Stream........................................................................... 2 3.2 Drainageway No. 2 — North Alenaio Stream ..................... 2 4.0 Conclusion.....................................::....................................................................................... 3 Recommendations................................................................................................................ 3 1.0 Introduction M & E Pacific, Inc. has been contracted to prepare a Preliminary Drainage Report for the University Terrace Master Plan, in Hilo, Island of Hawaii. The proposed University Terrace consists of housing for single family, multi -family, town houses, commercial development and open areas. A hydraulic analysis based on 100 -year storm flows will be performed for the proposed development which encompasses over 150 acres in area (see Figure 1-1). The proposed project is located in Hilo and bounded by Komohana Street to the east, and Mohouli St. to the west, and sandwiched between two existing subdivisions to the north and south. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM), Community Panel Number 1551660880C (revised September 16, 1988) (see Figure 1-2) identifies two drainageways on this parcel: 1) Alenaio Stream flows in a northwest to southeast direction through the development; and 2) a second drainageway flows north of Alenaio Stream. Both drainageways convey stormwater across Komohana Street and to the east toward Hilo Bay. 2.0 Existing Condition A hydrologic analysis" had been performed for the subject area by The Keith Companies Hawaii for Ponohawai .County Club and Resort for a previously proposed golf course development in 1992. This report documents the flows for the two drainageways. Flow for the major drainageway, Alenaio Stream, is referenced to a 1990 Army Corps of Engineers design memorandum and has an estimated 100 -year storm water flow of 7,000 cfs. The second drainageway has 100 -year storm water flow estimated to be 400 cfs. The FEMA FIRM boundaries are recognized as the existing flood limits of record and therefore will be considered the existing conditions in this analysis. Considerations for future flows are presented in the following sections. 3.0 Proposed Condition The major criteria for development conditions for this project are: A. Standard stormwater management design requirement call for a "no impact" to existing conditions. This requirement is for both flow amount and drainage pattern. 1. Flow — any increase in flow coming for improved mitigated on site. Therefore upon development Drainageways No. 1 and No. 2 should remain respectively. 1 areas are required to be completion, the Q through 7,000 cfs and 400 cfs, • Cl • 2. Drainage Pattern the drainage flow pattern shall not be impacted by development. To allow maximum development of these lands, the Alenaio Stream limits through the property may be considered for relocation to the • South. This movement will require a Stream Channel Altemation Permit (SCAP) to bring the project in compliance with Federal and State regulations. B. Design criteria for storm water channels are based on County of Hawaii Storm Drainage Standard, October 1970. Unlined rock channels have a maximum velocity of 15 feet per second (fps). Where streams are to be relocated in soil, lining will be required if velocities exceeds 5 fps. 3.1 Drainageway No. 1 — Alenaio Stream A hydraulic analysis utilizing the HEC -RAS computer model (based on a. Manning's roughness coefficient of 0.04 and a Q=7,000 cfs) was initiated to address impacts of the development to the Alenaio Stream. The analysis was done in compliance with the design criteria that any flow increase to the system will be mitigated on site and therefore the downstream culverts leaving the site would remain at a flow of 7,000 cfs. One goal was to determine the velocities of the existing stream flow. Since the area is generally made of rock materials, lining of the stream may not -be required for flow velocities under 15 fps. For areas where the velocity exceeds 15 fps, or where flow is • over non -rock materials with a velocity greater than 5 fps, lining such as grp or gunite shall be considered. Alternatives methods of reducing flow velocities should also be considered. " Energy dissipaters along the stream can be installed to reduce velocities. Also, an enhanced, detailed grading and landscaping plan that addresses vertical transitional slopes could assist in reducing flow velocity in these critical areas. These areas need to be further investigated during the design phase of this project -with an updated topographic survey and a landscaping plan. 3.2 Drainageway No. 2 — North Alenaio Stream Similar to the main Alenaio Stream, a hydraulic analysis was conducted and verified that the existing culvert capacity exceeded the 400 cfs, 100 year storm flow. To implement the proposed development in this area, a storm drain system shall be installed to carry surface runoff from the northern existing development, inclusive of the channel located at the end of Omao Street, into the existing 120" culvert crossing Komohana Street. All additional runoff created by the proposed development, in compliance with the County drainage standards, shall be mitigated on site thereby producing no increase in flow • through the Komohana Street culvert. The net increase in flow shall be handled by infiltration basins, drywells, retention ponds, etc., prior to connection into the 120" culvert. 2 4.0 Conclusion With proper improvements to mitigate all additional runoff created by the proposed development, there should be no impact to the downstream conditions of Alenaio Stream. The culvert crossings under Mohouli Street will be maintained and therefore no negative • impacts to upstream conditions are foreseen. Lining of Alenaio Stream will not be required where velocities can be maintained below 15 fps. Transitional areas to the existing culverts under Komohana and Mohouli streets may require lining due to high velocities and directional changes in drainage patterns. During construction, best management practices (BMPs) shall be provided to keep downstream pollution and project area erosion to a minimum. 5.0 Recommendations It should be noted that subsequent to the latest FIRM update, some mass grading for the aforementioned golf course and improvements to upstream and downstream roadway crossing have occurred. These construction activities may have impacted the drainage pattern through the subject parcel. For a more in-depth analysis and preliminary design of the drainage conditions along Alenaio Stream within the project boundaries, it is recommended that an updated survey be conducted to determine conformity with the FEMA FIRM flood limits. Subsequently, the hydraulic model(s) should be revised in • accordance with updated topographic survey ground conditions. In addition to a comprehensive drainage report during design, regulatory requirements (permits) for this drainage way include, but are not limited to: ➢ State Department of Health Water Quality Certification Permit ➢ Corps of Engineers Work Within Navigable Waterways Best Management Practices ➢ Environmental Assessment ➢ State Stream Channel Alternation Permit • 3 0 0 0 71� 41 ll� 0 0 n U 0 APPENDIX B DRAFT AIR QUALITY STUDY FOR THE PROPOSED UNIVERSITY TERRACE PROJECT S. D. Neal and Associates DRAFT AIR QUALITY STUDY FOR THE PROPOSED UNIVERSITY TERRACE PROJECT SOUTH HILO, HAWAII Prepared for: Kimura International, Inc. July 2003 B.D. NEAL & ASSOCIATES Applied Meteorology * Air Quality * Computer Science P.O. BOX 1808 * KAILUA-KONA, HAWAII 96745 - TELEPHONE (808) 329-1627 * FAX (808) 331-8428 EMAIL: bdoeal@kona.net is • CONTENTS Section Page 1.0 Summary 1 0.0 Introduction 4 3.0 Ambient Air Quality Standards 5 4.0 Regional and Local Climatology 7 5.0 Present Air Quality 10 6.0 Short -Term Impacts of Project 12 7.0 Long -Term Impacts of Project 19 7.1 Roadway Traffic 19 7.2 Electrical Demand 24 7.3 Solid Waste Disposal 24 8.0 Conclusions and Recommendations 25 References 28 FIGURES re 1 Project Location Map TABLES Table 1 Summary of State of Hawaii and National Ambient Air Quality Standards 2 Air Pollution Emissions Inventory for Island of Hawaii, 1993 3 Annual Summaries of Ambient Air Quality Measurements for Monitoring Stations Nearest University Terrace Project TAHLE3(cont.) Table 4 Estimated Worst -Case 1 -Hour Carbon Monoxide Concentra- • tions Along Roadways Near University Terrace Project 5 Estimated Worst -Case 8 -Hour Carbon Monoxide Concentra- tions Along Roadways Near University Terrace Project 6 Estimated Indirect Air Pollution Emissions from University Terrace Project Electrical Demand • • ii 1.0 SUMMARY Western United Life Assurance Company is proposing to develop the versity Terrace Project in Ponahawai, South Hilo, Hawaii. The posed project will consist primarily of 600 residential units, 150 transient accommodation units and 350,000 square feet of commercial space. The project site is on 179 acres of undeveloped land mauka of Komohana Street in the vicinity, of Ponahawai Street. Construction would likely begin sometime during or after 2009, and the project would be in full use within ten years. This study examines the potential short- and long- term air quality impacts that could occur as a result of construction and use of the proposed facilities and suggests mitigative measures to reduce any potential air quality impacts where possible and appropriate. Both federal and state standards have been established to maintain ambient -.,air quality. At the present time, seven parameters are regulated including: particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen Wide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide,, ozone and lead. Hawaii air quality standards are more stringent than the comparable national, standards except for those pertaining to sulfur dioxide and particulate matter. Regional and local climate together with the amount and type of human activity generally dictate the air quality of a given location. The climate of the Hilo area is very much affected by its windward and coastal situation. Daytime winds are predominantly trade winds from easterly to northerly directions, while nighttime winds are mostly mountain drainage winds from the southwest. Wind speeds typically are relatively light varying 0 between about 5 and 10 miles per hour. Temperatures in the Hilo area are very moderate with average daily minimum and maximum temperatures ranging from 66°F to 82°F. Rainfall is substantial with an average of 129 inches per year. Except for periodic impacts from volcanic emissions (vog) and possibly occasional localized impacts from traffic congestion, the present air quality of the project area is believed to be relatively good. The limited air quality data that are available for the area from the Department of Health indicate that concentrations are within state and national _air quality standards. If the proposed project is given the necessary approvals to • proceed, it may be inevitable that some short- and/or long-term impacts on air quality will occur either directly or indirectly as a consequence of project construction and use. Short-term impacts from fugitive dust will likely occur during the project construc- tion phase. To a lesser extent, exhaust emissions from stationary and mobile construction equipment, from the disruption of traffic, and from workers' vehicles may also affect air quality during the period of construction. State air pollution control regulations require that there be no visible fugitive dust emissions at the property line. Hence, an effective dust control plan must be implemented to ensure compliance with state regulations during the period of construction. Fugitive dust emissions can be controlled to a large extent by watering of active work areas, using wind screens, • keeping adjacent paved roads clean, and by covering of open -bodied OA trucks. Other dust control measures could include limiting the area that can be disturbed at any given time and/or mulching or chemically stabilizing inactive areas that have been worked. wing and landscaping of project areas early in the construction edule will also reduce dust emissions. Monitoring dust at the project boundary during the period of construction could be considered as a means to evaluate the effectiveness of the project dust control program. Exhaust emissions can be mitigated by moving construction equipment and workers to and from the project site during off-peak traffic hours. After construction, motor vehicles coming to and from the proposed development will result in a long-term increase in air pollution emissions in the project area. To assess the impact of emissions from these vehicles, an air quality modeling study was undertaken to estimate current ambient concentrations of carbon monoxide at intersections in the project vicinity and to predict future levels both with and without the proposed project. During worst-case conditions, model results indicated that present *our and 8 -hour carbon monoxide concentrations are within both the state and.the national ambient air quality standards. In -the year 2014 without the project, carbon monoxide concentrations were predicted to decrease even though traffic volumes are forecast to increase. This is because newer vehicles used on the roadways in the future will emit less air pollution. With the project -in the year 2014, carbon monoxide concentrations were estimated to increase by about 20 to 30 percent at nearby intersections compared to the without project case, but concentrations would still be lower than the existing case. With or without the project, worst-case- concentrations should remain within both national and state standards. Due to the small impact the project is expected to have, implementing mitigation 3 • measures for traffic -related air quality impacts is probably unnecessary and unwarranted. Depending on the demand levels, long-term impacts on air quality • are also possible due to indirect emissions associated with a development's electrical power and solid waste disposal require- ments. Quantitative estimates of these potential impacts were not made, but based on the estimated demand levels and emission rates involved, any significant impacts are unlikely. Nevertheless, incorporating energy conservation design features and promoting conservation and recycling programs within the proposed development could serve to further reduce any associated impacts and conserve the island's resources. 2.0 ION Western United Life Assurance Company is proposing to develop the • University Terrance Project on 179 acres of land in Ponahawai, South Hilo, Hawaii (see Figure 1 for project location). The development will include up to 600 single-family and/or multi -- family residential units, up to 150 transient accommodation units, approximately 350,000 square feet of gross leasable retail and office space, and other associated facilities, open areas and park space. The site of the proposed development is on undeveloped land mauka (west) of Komohana Street between Alenaio Stream to the south and existing residential areas to the north. Moholuli Street is the western border of the site. Construction of the project is expected to commence sometime during or after 2004, and full development and occupancy is expected to be achieved by 2014 • 4 The purpose of this study is to describe existing air quality in the project area and to assess the potential short- and long-term direct and indirect air quality impacts that could result from dnstruction and use of the proposed facilities as planned. asures to mitigate project impacts are suggested where possible and appropriate. 3.0 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS Ambient concentrations of air pollution are regulated by both national and state ambient air quality standards (AAQS). National AAQS are specified in Section 40, Part 50 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), while State of Hawaii AAQS are defined in Chapter 11-59 of the Hawaii Administrative Rules. Table 1 summarizes both the national and the state AAQS that are speci- fied in the -cited documents. As indicated in the table, national ...and state AAQS have been established for particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone and lead. The state has also set a standard for hydrogen sulfide. •ional AAQS 'are stated in terms of both primary and secondary standards for most of the regulated air pollutants. National primary standards are designed to protect the public health with an."adequate margin of safety". National secondary standards, on the other hand, define levels of air quality necessary to protect . the public welfare from "any known or anticipated adverse effects of a pollutant". Secondary public welfare impacts may include such effects as decreased visibility, diminished comfort levels, or other potential injury to the natural or man-made environment, e.g., soiling of materials, damage to vegetation or other econom- ic damage. In contrast -to the national AAQS, Hawaii State AAQS are given in terms of a single standard _that is designed "to 5 • protect public health and welfare and to prevent the significant deterioration of air quality". Each of the regulated air pollutants has the potential to create • or exacerbate some form of adverse health effect or to produce environmental degradation when present in sufficiently high concentration for prolonged periods of time. The AAQS specify a maximum allowable concentration for a given air pollutant for one or more averaging times to prevent harmful effects. Averaging times vary from one hour to one year depending on the pollutant and type of exposure necessary to cause adverse effects. In the case of the short-term (i.e., 1- to 24-hour) AAQS, both national and state standards allow a specified number of exceedances each year. The Hawaii AAQS are in some cases considerably more stringent than the comparable national AAQS. In particular, the Hawaii 1 -hour AAQS for carbon monoxide is four times more stringent than • the comparable national limit, and the state 1 -hour limit for ozone is more than two times as stringent as the national 17hour standard. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is currently working on a plan to phase out the national 1 -hour ozone standard in favor of the new (and more stringent) 8 -hour standard. The Hawaii AAQS for sulfur dioxide were relaxed in 1986 to make the state standards essentially the same as the national limits. In 1993, the state also revised its particulate standards to follow those set by the federal government. During 1997, the federal government again revised its standards for particulate, 6 • the new standards were challenged in federal court. A Supreme Court ruling was issued during February 2001, and at this time, it is expected that the new standards for particulate will be implemented by 2005. To date, the Hawaii Department of Health has not updated the state particulate standards. 4.0 REGIONAL AND LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY Regional and local climatology significantly affect the air quality of a given location. Climatological parameters that influence air quality include wind, temperature, atmospheric turbulence, mixing height and rainfall. Although the climate of Hawaii is relatively moderate throughout most of the state, significant differences in these parameters may occur from one location to another. Most differences in regional and local climates within the state are caused by the mountainous topography. LJ The entire_ state of Hawaii lies well within the belt of _ northeasterly trade winds generated by the semi-permanent Pacific high pressure cell to the north and east of the islands. Areas along the eastern coasts of the islands are particularly affected by the trade winds and are usually well -ventilated nearly year round. Although Hilo is situated along the eastern coast of Hawaii Island, the high mountains of Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea significantly modify the trade wind influence. The nearest long- term wind data available for the project area are collected at the Hilo Airport located about 3 miles to the east. These data are probably reasonably representative of the project area. Mean annual wind speed at the airport is about 8 mph, which is lower than many windward locations in the state, and wind directions 0 7 are bimodal showing either a northeast or southw0 preference [1]. Northeast trade winds typically occur during the daytime, while winds from the southwest typically occur during the nighttime due•to cold air drainage from the mountains. winds from the south or southwest also occur occasionally in association with winter storms. Air pollution emissions from motor- vehicles, the formation of photochemical smog and smoke plume rise all depend in part on air temperature. Colder temperatures tend to result in- higher emissions of contaminants from- automobiles but lower concentrations of photochemical smog and ground -level concentra- tions of air pollution from stack sources. In Hawaii, the annual and daily variation of temperature depends to a large degree on elevation above sea level, distance inland and exposure to the. trade winds. Average temperatures at locations near sea le• generally are warmer than those at. higher elevations. Areas exposed to the trade winds tend to have the least temperature variation, while inland and leeward areas often have the most. At nearby Hilo Airport, average annual daily minimum and maximum temperatures are 66°F and 82°F, respectively. The extreme minimum temperature on record is 53°F, and the extreme maximum is 94°F [2]. Temperatures at the project site are probably slightly cooler due to the higher elevation. Small scale, random motions in the.atmosphere (turbulence) cause air pollutants to be dispersed as a function of distance -or time from the point of emission. Turbulence is caused by both mechan- ical and thermal forces in the atmosphere. It is often measured and described in terms of Pasquill-Gif ford stability clan 9 Stability class i is the most turbulent and class 6 the least. Thus, air pollution dissipates the best during stability class 1 conditions and the worst when stability class 6 prevails. In the &o area, stability classes 5 or 6 occasionally occur, eloping during clear, calm nighttime or early morning hours when temperature inversions form due to radiational cooling or to drainage flow from the mountainous interior of the island. Stability classes 1 through 4 occur during the daytime, depending mainly on the amount of cloud cover and incoming solar radiation and the onset and extent of the sea breeze. Mixing height is defined as the height above the surface through which relatively vigorous vertical mixing occurs. -Low mixing heights can result in high ground -level air pollution concentra- tions because contaminants emitted from or near the surface can become trapped within the mixing layer. In Hawaii, minimum mixing heights tend to be high because of mechanical mixing caused by the trade winds and because of the temperature moderating effect of the surrounding ocean. Low mixing heights sometimes occur, .however, at inland locations and even at times along coastal areas early in the morning following a clear, cool, windless night. Coastal areas also may experience low mixing levels during sea breeze conditions when cooler ocean air rushes in over warmer land. Mixing heights in Hawaii typically are above 3000 feet (1000 meters). Rainfall can have a beneficial affect on the air quality of an area in that it helps to suppress fugitive dust emissions, and it also may "washout" gaseous contaminants that are water soluble. Rainfall in Hawaii is highly variable depending on elevation and on location with respect to the trade wind. The Hilo area has a 9 • wet climate. Normal annual rainfall for Hilo Airport is about 129 inches [2]. This is distributed fairly evenly throughout the year, although the summer months are slightly drier. • 5.0 PRESENT AIR QUALITY Air quality in the vicinity of the proposed project is currently mostly affected by emissions from motor vehicles, industry and natural sources. Perhaps the dominant factor for the past several years has been the _volcanic emissions from Kilauea Volcano, although the prevailing winds carry emissions away from the Hilo area much of the time.- Most of these emissions occur as sulfur dioxide and then convert into particulate sulfate which causes a volcanic haze (vog) to blanket the area during kona wind conditions. The major industrial sources in the area are oil - burning power plants which primarily emit sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Motor vehicles emit carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, -hydrocarbons (an ozone • precursor) and smaller amounts of other pollutants. Table 2 presents an air pollutant emission summary for the island of Hawaii for calendar year 1993. The emission rates shown in the table pertain to manmade emissions only, i.e., emissions from natural sources are not included. As suggested in the table, much of, the manmade particulate emissions on Hawaii originate from area sources, such as the mineral products industry and -agriculture. Manmade sulfur oxides are emitted almost exclusively by point sources, such as power plants and other fuel -burning industries. Nitrogen oxides emissions emanate predominantly from area sources (mostly motor vehicle traffic), although industrial point sources contribute a significant share. The majority of carbon monoxide • 1W emissions occur from area sources (motor vehicle traffic), while hydrocarbons are emitted mainly from point sources. aState Department of Health operates a network of air quality monitoring stations at various locations around the state, but only very limited data are available for Hawaii Island. The only data available for the Hilo area are for sulfur dioxide and particulate collected at the Adult Rehabilitation Center at 1099 Waianuenue. Avenue, which are probably reasonably representative of the project area. Table 4 summarizes the data from this location for the years 1999 through 2001. Sulfur dioxide concentrations monitored were relatively high compared to. other locations in the state, but maximum concentrations remained within the standards. Annual second- highest 3 -hour concentrations .(which are most relevant to the air quality standards) ranged from 301 to 402 gg/m3, while the annual ond-highest 24-hour concentrations ranged from 284 to µg/m3. Annual average concentrations were only about 2 to 6 µg/m3. There were no exceedances of the state/national 3 -hour or 24-hour AAQS for sulfur dioxide during the three-year period. Particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter (PM -10) is also measured at the Hilo monitoring station. Annual second- highest 24-hour PM -10 concentrations ranged from 16 to 19 µg/m3 between 1999 and 2001. Average annual concentrations ranged from 11 to 12 11g/m3. All values reported were within the state and national -AAQS. 11 • Given the limited air pollution sources in the area, it is likely that concentrations of other air pollutants are near natural background levels, except possibly for locations adjacent to agricultural operations or near traffic -congested intersections. Present concentrations of carbon monoxide in the project area are estimated later in this study based on computer. modeling of motor vehicle emissions. 6.0 SHORT-TERM IMPACTS OF PROJECT Short-term direct and indirect impacts. on air quality could potentially occur due to project construction. For a project of this nature, there are two potential types of air pollution emissions that could directly result in short-term air quality impacts during project construction: (1) fugitive dust f• vehicle movement and soil excavation; and (2) exhaust emissions from on-site construction equipment.. Indirectly, there also could be short-term impacts from slow-moving construction equipment traveling to and from the project sites, from a temporary increase in local traffic caused by commuting construction workers, and from the disruption of normal traffic flow caused by lane closures of adjacent roadways. Fugitive dust emissions may arise from the grading and dirt -moving activities associated with site clearing and preparation work. The emission rate for fugitive dust emissions from construction activities is difficult to estimate accurately. This is because of its elusive nature of emission and because the potential for its generation varies greatly depending upon the type of soil at the construction site, the amount and type of dirt-disturo 12 activity taking place, .the moisture content of exposed soil in work areas, and'the wind speed. The EPA [3] has provided a rough estimate for uncontrolled fugitive dust emissions from struction activity of 1.2 tons per acre per month under ditions of "medium" activity, moderate soil silt content (30%), and precipitation/evaporation (P/E) index of 50. Uncontrolled fugitive dust emissions at the project site would likely be somewhere near that level, or possibly lower due to the wet climate. In any case, State of Hawaii Air Pollution Control Regulations [4] prohibit visible emissions of fugitive dust from construction activities at the property line. Thus, an effective dust control plan for the project construction phase is essential. Adequate fugitive dust control can usually be accomplished by the establishment of a frequent watering program to keep bare -dirt surfaces in construction areas from becoming significant sources of dust. In dust -prone or dust -sensitive areas, other control measures such as limiting the area that can be disturbed at any given time, applying chemical soil stabilizers, mulching and/or Ong wind screens may be necessary. Control regulations further stipulate that open -bodied trucks be covered at all times when in motion if they are .transporting materials- that could be blown away. Haul trucks tracking dirt onto paved streets from unpaved areas is often a significant source of dust in construction areas. Some means to alleviate this problem, such. as road cleaning or tire washing, may be appropriate. Paving of parking areas and/or establishment of landscaping as early in the construction schedule as possible can also lower the potential for fugitive dust emissions. Monitoring dust at the project property line could be considered to quantify and document the .effectiveness of dust control measures. 13 • On-site mobile and stationary construction equipment also will emit air pollutants from engine exhausts. The largest of, this equipment is usually diesel -powered. Nitrogen oxides emissions from diesel engines can be relatively high compared to gasoline - powered equipment, but the standard for nitrogen dioxide is set on an annual basis and is not likely to be violated by short-term construction equipment emissions. Carbon monoxide emissions from diesel engines, on the other hand, are low and should be relatively insignificant compared to.vehicular emissions on nearby roadways. Project construction activities will also likely obstruct the normal flow of traffic at times to such an extent that overall vehicular emissions in the project area will temporarily increase. • The only means to alleviate this problem will be to attempt to keep roadways open during peak traffic hours and to move heavy construction equipment and workers to and from construction areas during periods of low traffic volume. Thus, most potential short- term air quality impacts from project construction can be mitigated. 7.0 LONG-TERM IMPACTS OF PROJECT 7.1. Roadway Traffic After construction is completed,. use of the proposed facilities will result in increased motor vehicle traffic in the project area, potentially causing long-term impacts on ambient air quality. Motor vehicles with gasoline -powered engines are • 14 significant sources of carbon monoxide. They also emit nitrogen oxides and other contaminates. lderal air pollution control regulations require that new motor vehicles be equipped with emission control devices that reduce emissions significantly compared to a few years ago. In 1990, the President signed into law the Clean Air Act Amendments. This legislation requires further emission reductions, which have been phased in since 1994. More recently, additional restrictions were signed into law during the Clinton administration, which will begin to take .effect during the next decade. The added restrictions on emissions from new motor vehicles will lower average emissions each year as more and more older vehicles leave the state's roadways. It is estimated that carbon monoxide emissions, for example, will go down by an average of about 30 to 40 percent per .vehicle during the next 10 yearsdue to the replacement_of older vehicles with newer models. evaluate the potential long-term indirect ambient air quality impact of increased roadway traffic associated with a"project such as this, computerized emission and atmospheric dispersion models can be used to estimate ambient carbon monoxide concentrations along roadways leading to and from the project. Carbon monoxide is selected for modeling because it is both the most stable. and the most abundant of the pollutants generated by motor vehicles. Furthermore, carbon monoxide air pollution is generally considered to be a microscale problem that can be addressed locally to some extent, whereas nitrogen oxides air pollution most often is a regional issue that cannot be addressed by a single new develop- ment. 15 • For this project, three scenarios were selected for the carbon monoxide modeling study: (1) year 2003 with present conditions, (2) year 2014 without the project, and (3) year 2014 with the project. To begin the modeling study of the three scenarios, • critical receptor areas in the vicinity of the project were identified for analysis. Generally speaking, roadway intersections are the primary concern because of traffic congestion and because of the increase in vehicular emissions associated with traffic queuing. For this study, four of the intersections identified in the traffic study were also selected for air quality analysis. These included the following intersections: • Komohana Street at Mohouli Street; • Komohana Street at Kukuau Street; • Komohana Street at South Project Access Road; • Komohana Street at. Ponahawai Street. These are considered to be either representative of the project • area or are locations where traffic is most congested or where the project will likely have the most impact. The traffic impact assessment report for the project [5] describes the projected future traffic conditions and laneage configurations of these intersections in detail. The main objective of the modeling study was to estimate maximum 1 -hour average carbon monoxide concentrations for each of the three scenarios studied. To evaluate the significance of the estimated concentrations, a comparison of the predicted values for each scenario can be made. Comparison of the estimated values to 16 • the national and state AAQS was also used to provide another measure of significance. Oimum carbon monoxide concentrations typically coincide with peak traffic periods. The traffic impact assessment report evaluated morning and afternoon peak traffic periods. These same periods were evaluated in the air quality impact assessment. The EPA computer model MOBILE6 [6] was used to calculate vehicular carbon monoxide emissions for each year studied. One of the key inputs to MOBILE6 is vehicle mix. Unless very detailed information is available, national average values are typically assumed, which is what was used for the present study. Based on national average vehicle mix figures, the present vehicle mix in the project area was estimated to be 45.0% light-duty gasoline-- powered asoline-powered automobiles, 42.3% light-duty gasoline -powered trucks and vans:; 3.6% heavy-duty gasoline -powered vehicles, 0.2% light-duty diesel -powered vehicles, 8.3% heavy-duty diesel -powered trucks and Os, and 0.6% motorcycles. For the future scenarios studied,- the vehicle mix was estimated to change slightly with fewer light- duty gasoline -powered automobiles and more light-duty gasoline,- powered asoline-powered trucks and vans. Ambient temperatures' of 59 and 68 degrees F were used for morning' and afternoon peak -hour emission computations, respectively. These are conservative assumptions since morning/afternoon ambient temperatures will generally be warmer than this, and emission estimates given by-MOBILE6 generally have an inverse relationship to the ambient temperature. 17 • After computing vehicular carbon monoxide emissions through the use of MOBILE6, these data were then input to an atmospheric dispersion model. EPA air quality modeling guidelines [7] currently recommend that the computer model CAL3QHC [8] be use* to assess carbon monoxide concentrations at roadway intersections, or in areas where its use has previously been established, CALINE4 (9] may be used. Until a few years ago, CALINE4 was used extensively in Hawaii to assess air quality impacts at roadway intersections. In December 1997, the California Department of Transportation recommended that the intersection mode of CALINE4 no longer be used because it was thought the model has become outdated. Studies have shown that CALINE4 may tend to over -predict maximum concentrations in some situations. Therefore, CAL3QHC was used for the subject analysis. CAL3QHC was developed for the U.S. EPA to simulate vehicula• movement, vehicle queuing and atmospheric dispersion of vehicular emissions near roadway intersections. It is designed to predict 1 -hour average pollutant concentrations near roadway intersections based on input traffic and emission data, roadway/receptor geometry and meteorological conditions. Although -CAL3QHC is intended primarily for use in assessing atmospheric dispersion near signalized roadway intersections, it can also be used to evaluate unsignalized intersections. This is accomplished by manually estimating queue lengths and then applying the same techniques used by the model for signalized. intersections. Currently, only one of the study intersections (Komohana Street at Kukuau Street) is unsignalized. In th• W. future in the with -project scenario and in accordance with the traffic report, all four study intersections were assumed to be signalized. • Input peak -hour traffic data were obtained from the traffic study cited previously. This included vehicle approach volumes, saturation capacity estimates, intersection laneage and signal timings (where applicable). All emission factors that were input to CAL3QHC for free-flow traffic on roadways were obtained from MOBILE6 based on,assumed free-flow vehicle speeds corresponding to the posted speed limits. Model roadways were set up to reflect roadway' geometry, physical dimensions and operating characteristics. Concentrations predicted by air quality models generally are not considered valid within the roadway -mixing zone. The roadway -mixing zone is usually taken to include 3 meters on either side of the traveled tion of the roadway and the turbulent area within 10 meters of ross street. Model receptor sites were thuslocated at the edges of the mixing zones near all intersections that were studied for all three scenarios. This implies that pedestrian sidewalks either already exist or are assumed to exist in the future. All receptor heights were placed at 1.5 meters above ground to simulate levels within the normal human breathing zone. Input meteorological conditions for this study were defined to provide "worst-case" results. One of the key meteorological inputs is atmospheric stability category. For these analyses, atmospheric stability category 5 was assumed for the morning cases, while atmospheric stability category 4 was assumed for the 0 19 afternoon cases. These are the most conservative stability categories that are generally used for estimating worst-case pollutant dispersion within suburban areas for these periods. A surface roughness length of 100 cm and a mixing height of 1000 • meters were used in all cases. Worst-case wind conditions were defined as a wind speed of 1 meter per second with a wind direction resulting in the highest predicted concentration. Concentration estimates were calculated at wind directions of every 5 degrees. Existing background concentrations of carbon monoxide in the project vicinity are believed to be at low levels. Thus, background contributions of carbon monoxide from sources or roadways not directly considered in the analysis were accounted for by adding a background concentration of 0.5 ppm to all predicted concentrations for 2003. Although increased traffic is expected to occur within the project area within the next several years with or without the project, background carbon monoxide • concentrations may not change significantly since individual emissions from motor vehicles are forecast to decrease with time. Hence, a background value of 0.5 ppm was assumed to persist for the future scenarios: studied. Predicted Worst -Case 1 -Hour Concentrations Table 5 summarizes the final results of the modeling study in the form ofthe estimated worst-case 1 -hour morning and afternoon ambient carbon monoxide concentrations. These results can be compared directly to the state and the national AAQS. Estimated worst-case carbon monoxide concentrations are presented in the table for three scenarios: year 2003 with existing traffic, year • 20 2014 without the project and year 2014 with the project. The locations of these estimated worst-case 1 -hour concentrations all occurred at or very near the indicated intersections. F_ 1 LJ As indicated in the table, the highest estimated 1 -hour concentra- tion within the project vicinity for the present (2003) case was 6.1 mg/m3. This was projected to occur during the morning peak traffic hour near the intersection of Komohana Street and Mohouli Street. Concentrations at other locations and times studied were 4.7 mg/m3 or lower. All predicted worst-case 1 -hour concen- trations for the 2003 scenario were within both the national AAQS of 40 mg/m3 and the state standard of 10 mg/m3. In the year 2014 without the proposed project, the highest worst- case 1 -hour concentration was again predicted to occur during the morning at the intersection of Komohana Street and Mohouli Street. A value of 4.1 mg/m3. was predicted to occur at this location. Peak -hour worst=case values at the other locations and times Oied for this scenario ranged between about 1 and 3 mg/m3. Although traffic volumes are expected to increase over time compared to - the existing case, worst-case carbon monoxide concentrations were predicted to decrease. This is because tailpipe emissionson an average per vehicle basis are forecast to decrease with time as older, more -polluting vehicles are retired. All projected worst-case concentrations for this scenario remained within the state and national standards. Predicted 1 -hour worst-case concentrations for the 2014 with project scenario were projected to increase by about 20 to 30 percent compared to the without project case but would be lower or 21 • nearly unchanged compared to the existing case. All predicted worst-case 1 -hour concentrations for the 2014 with project scenario were within both the national and the state AAQS. Predicted Worst -Case 8 -Hour Concentrations • Worst-case 8 -hour carbon monoxide concentrations were estimated by multiplying the worst-case 1 -hour values by a persistence factor of 0.5. This accounts for two factors: (1) traffic volumes averaged over eight hours are lower than peak 1 -hour values, and (2) meteorological conditions are more variable (and hence more favorable for dispersion) over an 8 -hour period than they are for a single hour. Based on monitoring data, 1 -hour to 8 -hour persis- tence factors for most locations generally vary from 0.4 to 0.8 with 0.6 being the most typical. One study based on modeling [10] concluded that. 1 -hour to 8-hourpersistence. factors could typically be expected to range from 0.4 to 0.5. EPA guidelines [11] recommend using a value- of 0.7 unless a locally derived persistence factor is available. Recent monitoring data for • locations on Oahu reported by the Department of Health [12] suggest that this factor may range between about 0.2 and 0.6 depending on location and traffic variability. Considering the location of the project and the traffic pattern" for the area, a 1 -hour to 8 -hour persistence factor of 0.5 will likely yield reasonable estimates of worst-case 8 -hour concentrations. The resulting estimated worst-case 8 -hour concentrations are- indicated reindicated in Table 6. For the 2003 scenario, the estimated worst- case 8 -hour carbon monoxide concentrations for the three locations studied ranged from 1.6 mg/m3 at the Komohana Street at Kukuau Street intersection to 3.0 mg/m3 at the Komohana Street at Mohouli Street intersection. The estimated worst-case concentrations were • 22 within both the state standard of 5 mg/m3 and the national limit of 10 mg/m3. 0 the year 2014 without project scenario, worst-case concentrations ranged between 1.2 and 2.0 mg /m3, with the highest concentration at the Komchana Street and Mohouli Street intersection. Concentrations at all three locations studied decreased substantially compared to the existing case. All predicted concentrations were within the standards. For the 2014 with project scenario, worst-case concentrations increased compared to the without project case, but all predicted 8 -hour concentrations for this scenario were well within both the national and the state AAQS. Conservativeness of Estimates • results of this study reflect several assumptions. that were made concerning both traffic movement and worst-case meteorological conditions. One such assumption concerning worst- case meteorological conditions is_ that a wind speed of 1 meter per second with a steady direction for 1 hour will occur. A steady wind of 1 meter per second blowing from a single direction for an hour is extremely unlikely and may occur only once a year or less. With wind speeds of 2 meters per second, for example, computed carbon monoxide concentrations would be only about half the values given above. The 8 -hour estimates are also conservative in that it is unlikely that anyone would occupy the assumed receptor sites (within 3 m of the.roadways) for a period of 8 hours. 23 • 7.2 Electrical Demand The proposed project also will cause indirect air pollution emissions from power generating facilities as a consequence o• electrical power usage. The electrical demand of the project when fully developed is expected to reach about 17 million kilowatt-hours per year [13]. Electrical power for the project will most probably be provided mainly by oil -fired generating facilities, but some of the project power may also be derived from geothermal energy, wind power or other sources. In order to meet the electrical power needs of the proposed project, power generating facilities will likely be required to burn more fuel and hence more air pollution will be emitted at these facilities. Given in Table 6 are estimates of the indirect air. pollution emissions that would result from the project electrical demand assuming all power is provided by burning more fuel oil at local power plants. These values can be compared to the island -wide emission estimates for 1993 given in Table 2. The estimate• indirect emissions, from project electrical demand amount to less than 1 percent of the present air pollution emissions occurring on Hawaii Island even if all power is assumed to be derived from oil. 7.3 Solid Waste Disposal Solid waste generated by the proposed development when, fully completed and occupied is not expected to exceed about 2000 tons per year [19]. Currently, all solid waste on the island is buried at solid waste landfills. Thus, assuming this continues to be the method for solid waste disposal, the only associated air pollution emissions that will occur will be from trucking th• 24 �te to the landfill and burying it. These emissions should be relatively minor. 8.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOHbMNDATIONS The major potential short-term air quality impact of the project will occur from the emission of fugitive dust during construction. Uncontrolled fugitive dust emissions from construction activities are estimated to amount to about 1.2 tons per acre per month, depending on rainfall. To control dust, active work areas and any temporary unpaved work roads should be watered at least twice daily on days without rainfall. Use of wind screens and/or limiting the area that is disturbed at any given time will also help to contain fugitive dust emissions. Wind erosion of inactive areas of the site that have been disturbed could be controlled by mulching or by the use of chemical soil stabilizers. Dirt -hauling trucks should be covered when traveling on roadways to prevent wage. A routine road cleaning and/or tire washing program will also help to reduce fugitive dust emissions that may occur as a result of trucks tracking dirt onto paved roadways in the project area. Paving of parking areas and establishment of landscaping early in the construction schedule will also help to control dust. Monitoring dust at the project boundary during the period of construction could be considered as a means to evaluate the effectiveness of the project dust control program and to adjust the program if necessary. During construction phases, emissions from engine exhausts (primarily consisting of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides) will also occur both from on-site construction equipment and from vehicles used by construction workers and from trucks traveling to is 25 and from the project. Increased vehicular emissions disruption of traffic by construction equipment and/or construction workers can be alleviated by moving equip personnel to the site during off-peak traffic hours. due to commuting ment and After the proposed project is completed, any long-term impacts on air quality in the project area due to emissions from project - related motor vehicle traffic should be small. Worst-case concentrations of carbon monoxide should remain within both the - state and the national ambient air quality standards. Implementing any air quality mitigation measures for long-term traffic -related impacts is probably unnecessary and unwarranted. • Any long-term impacts on air quality due to indirect emissions from supplying the project with electricity and from the disposal of waste materials generated by the project will likely be relatively small based on the magnitudes of the estimated • emissions compared to the current island -wide emissions. To further moderate any impacts, indirect emissions from project electrical demand could likely be reduced somewhat by incorporat- ing energy-saving features into project design requirements. This might include the use of solar water heaters, water heater timers or possibly hot water on demand systems; designing building space so that window positions maximize indoor light without unduly increasing indoor heat; using landscaping where feasible to provide afternoon shade to cut down on the use of air conditioning; installation of insulation and double -glazed doors to reduce the effects of the sun and heat; movable, controlled openings for ventilation at opportune times; and possibly automated room occupancy sensors. Solid waste related air Pollution could likely be reduced somewhat by the promotion of • 26 conservation and recycling programs within the proposed develop- ment. • • 27 REFERENCES 1. Atlas of Hawaii, Second Edition, Department of Geography, University of Hawaii, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu,' • 1983. 2. "Local Climatological Data, Annual Summary With Comparative Data, Hilo, Hawaii, 199311, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Envi- ronmental Data Service, National Climatic Center, Asheville, NC. 3. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources, Fifth Edition, AP -42, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, January 1995. 4. State of Hawaii. Hawaii Administrative Rules, Chapter 11-60, Air Pollution Control. 5. The Traffic Management Consultant, Traffic Impact Analysis Report for the Proposed University Terrace, Draft, July 2003. 6. User's Guide to MOBILE6.0, Mobile Source Emission Factor Model, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Assessment and Standards • Division, Ann Arbor, Michigan, January 2002. 7. Guideline on Air Quality Models (Revised), Includin Supplements A and B, EPA -450/2-78-027R, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, July 1986. 8. User's Guide to CAL3QHC Version 2.0: A Modeling Methodolo for Predicting Pollutant Concentrations Near Roadway Intersections, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, November 1992. 9. CALINE4 - A Dispersion Model for Predicting Air Pollutant Concentrations Near Roadways, FHWA CA/TL-89 15, California State Department of Transportation, November 1984 with June 1989 Revisions. 10. "Persistence Factors for Mobile Source (Roadway) Carbon Monoxide Modeling", C. David Cooper, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, Volume 39, Number 5, May 1989. • KPI 11. Guideline forModelinq Carbon Monoxide from Roadway Intersections, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA -454 R-92-005, November 1992. 12. Annual Summaries, Hawaii Air QualityData, 1999-2001, State • of Hawaii Department of Health. 13. Personal communication regarding University Terrace electrical demand, from Leslie Kurisaki, Kimura International, Inc. to Barry D. Neal, B.D. Neal & Associates, June 10, 2003. 14. Personal communication regarding University Terrace solid waste disposal demand, from Leslie Kurisaki, Kimura International, Inc. to Barry D. Neal, B.D. Neal & Associates, June 27, 2003. • 29 • ,1 Figure 1 - PROJECT LOCATION MAP —� Altura L amp Q faafitpw Falls--- -.A,I WStreo `._...` Reedys Isla .'"'Kalmutaaala,,P7lifey„r�Kiti00 �•'—JRai &Rs ' ai nn: du YC 2D t o a uloan, Ka rape r Na l University Terrace Project Mag 13.OD Fn Jul 04 11.18 2003 Scale 1:62,5D0 (at Carder) 1 Mles_ i 2KM i t Lo®I Roed Mator connector State Route Tree 0 Point of interest donde Reef Hilo Braskwaler0 Kaokea Nita Bay Kaulalnam laiando t'rk to Wa-elaea Penlp .2: rnaaj p3r�. FrAi Bay Radw Bay KaAta Bay / Pma ti.n vu-•, �laumau Poral Itof v�--'IparlaeFaUs 4aukais 3. Point tr r.r+n M... LF -.1% \ -i ukaa H Cave su Hue Point —� Altura L amp Q faafitpw Falls--- -.A,I WStreo `._...` Reedys Isla .'"'Kalmutaaala,,P7lifey„r�Kiti00 �•'—JRai &Rs ' ai nn: du YC 2D t o a uloan, Ka rape r Na l University Terrace Project Mag 13.OD Fn Jul 04 11.18 2003 Scale 1:62,5D0 (at Carder) 1 Mles_ i 2KM i t Lo®I Roed Mator connector State Route Tree 0 Point of interest donde Reef Hilo Braskwaler0 Kaokea Nita Bay Kaulalnam laiando t'rk to Wa-elaea Penlp .2: rnaaj p3r�. FrAi Bay Radw Bay KaAta Bay / Pma ti.n vu-•, Table 1 SUMMARY OF STATE OF HAWAII AND NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS a Three-year average of annual arithmetic mean. b 99th percentile value averaged over three years. C d Not to be exceeded more than once per year. 98th percentile value averaged over three years. e Three-year average of fourth -highest daily 8 -hour maximum. f Standard is attained when the expected number of exceedances is less than or equal to 1. Note: Scandards for particulate matter (<2.5 microns) and for 8 -hour ozone have not yet been implemented Maximum Allowable Concentration Pollutant Units Averaging National National Time Primary Secondary of qRawaii Particulate Matter Pg/m3 Annual 50a SO 50 (<10 microns) 24 Hours 150° 150° 150` Particulate Matter Ng/m3 Annual 15a 15a - (<2.5 microns) 24 Hours 651 651 Sulfur Dioxide Rg/m3 Annual 80 - B0 24 Hours 365` - 365` 3 Hours - 1300` 1300` Nitrogen Dioxide Pg/m3 Annual 100 100 70 Carbon Monoxide mg/m3 8 Hours lo` - 5t 1 Hour 40` - loc Ozone Pg/M3 8 Hours 157e 157e - 1 Hour 235° 2351 100` Lead Ag/m3 Calendar 1.5 1.5 1.5 Quarter Hydrogen Sulfide µg/m3 1 Hour- - 35c a Three-year average of annual arithmetic mean. b 99th percentile value averaged over three years. C d Not to be exceeded more than once per year. 98th percentile value averaged over three years. e Three-year average of fourth -highest daily 8 -hour maximum. f Standard is attained when the expected number of exceedances is less than or equal to 1. Note: Scandards for particulate matter (<2.5 microns) and for 8 -hour ozone have not yet been implemented 0 Table 2 AIR POLLUTION EMISSIONS INVENTORY FOR ISLAND OF HAWAII, 1993 • Air Pollutant Point Sources (tons/year) Area Sources (tons/year) Total (tons/year) Particulate 30,311 9,157 39,468 Sulfur Oxides 9,345 nil 9,345 Nitrogen Oxides 4,054 8,858 12,912 Carbon Monoxide 3,357 23,934 27,291 Hydrocarbons 1,477 203 1,680 CJ Source: Final Report, "Review, Revise and Update of the Hawaii Emissions Inventory Systems for the State of Hawaii", prepared for Hawaii Department of Health by J.L. Shoemaker & Associates, Inc., 1996 • Table 3 ANNUAL SUMMARIES OF AIR QUALITY MEASUREMENTS FOR MONITORING STATIONS NEAREST UNIVERSITY TERRACE PROJECT Parammter / Location 1999 2000 2001 Sulfur Dioxide / Hilo 3 -Hour Averaginq Period: No. of Samples 2816 2277 2876 Highest Concentration (µq/m') 652 438 461 2ntl Highest Concentration (pq/m') - 402 301 348 No. of State AAQS Exceedances 0 0 0 24 -Hour Averaging Period: No. of Samples - 362 284 363 Highest Concentration (gg/m') 111 94 101 2"a Highest Concentration (µg/m') 68 73 89 No. of State AAQS Exceedances 0 0 0 Annual Average Concentration (ug/m3) -2 - 4 6 Particulate (PH -10) / Hilo 4 -Hour Averaging Period:0001 , No. of Samples 42 - 41 55 Highest Concentration (µq/m') 30 18-- 20 T° Highest Concentration (µg/m') 19 16 - 19 No. of StateAAQSExceedances 0 - 0 0 Annual Average Concentration (µg/m') 11 11 12 Source: State of Hawaii Department of Health, "Annual Summaries, Hawaii Air Quality Data, 1999 - 2001" 0 0 Table 4 ESTIMATED WORST-CASE 1 -HOUR CARBON MONOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS . ALONG ROADWAYS NEAR UNIVERSITY TERRACE PROJECT (milligrams per cubic meter) Hawaii State AAQS: 10 National AAQS: 40 0 Year/Scenario Roadway 2003/Present 2014/Without Project 2014/With Project Intersection AM PM AM PM AM PM Komohana Street at Mohouli Street 6.1 4.3 4.1 3.3 4.8 4.0 Komohana Street at Kukuau Street 3.1 2.0 2.3 1.4 2.9 2.0 Komohana Street at South Project Access _ 2.4 2:6 Komohana Street at Ponahawai Street 4.8 3.1 3.1 2.3 3.6 2.9 Hawaii State AAQS: 10 National AAQS: 40 0 0 Table 5 ESTIMATED WORST-CASE 8 -HOUR CARBON MONOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS ALONG ROADWAYS NEAR UNIVERSITY TERRACE PROJECT (milligrams per cubic meter) Hawaii State AAQS: 5 National AAQS: 10 U Year/Scenario - Roadway Intersection - 2003/Present 2014/Without Project 2014/With Project omohana Street at Mohouli Street 3.0 - 2.0 2.4 Komohana Street at Kukuau Street 1'6 1.2 1.5 Komohana Street at South Project Access - 1.3 Komohana Street at " Ponahawai Street 2.4 1.2 1.8 Hawaii State AAQS: 5 National AAQS: 10 U 0 Table 6 ESTIMATED INDIRECT AIR POLLUTION EMISSIONS FROM UNIVERSITY TERRACE PROJECT ELECTRICAL DEMANDa Air Pollutant Emission -Rate (tons/year) Particulate 6 Sulfur. Dioxide 92 Carbon Monoxide q Volatile Organics <1 Nitrogen Oxides 19 1 J • aBased on U.S. EPA emission factors for utility boilers [3]. Assumes electrical demand of 17 million kw-hrs per year and low -sulfur oil used to generate power. 0 APPENDIX G DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE REPORT, PONAHAWAI UNIVERSITY, TERRACE, • HILO, HAWAII D. L. Adams & Associates, Ltd. CD. L. ADAMS ASSOCIATES, LTD. ACOUSTICAL CONSULTANTS • DRAFT Project No. 03-31 ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE REPORT PONAHAWAI UNIVERSITY TERRACE HILO, HAWAII • June 2003 Prepared for Kimura International, Inc. Honolulu, Hawaii PALI PALMS PLAZA • 970 NO. KALAHEO AVENUE • SUITE A-311 • KAILUA, HAWAII 96734 • (808)154-3318 • FAX (808) 254-5195 CONTENTS Section Description paee • Executive Summary 1 2.0 Project description 2 3.0 Noise Standards 2 4.0 Existing Acoustical Environment 4 5.0 Potential Noise Impact Due to the Project and Noise Mitigation 4 6.0 References 7 Appendix A Acoustical Terminology -A-1 Tables 1 FHWA Recommended Equivalent Hourly Sound Levels Based on Land Use 2 Measurement Locations and Sound Pressure Levels Projected Future Peak Hour Traffic Noise Level Increases Figure .. 1 Project Location and Study Area 2 Maximum Permissible Sound Levels for Various Zoning Districts 3 Locations of Noise Measurements 4 Noise Sensitive Locations 5 Typical Sound Levels From Construction Equipment D* Projeci No. 03-31 Page i 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 The Ponahawai University Terrace project site is proposed to provide a mixture of single and multi -family residential housing, mixed commercial, and open spaces in close proximity to the University of Hawaii Hilo campus. • 1.2 The project area and vicinity are currently exposed to daytime ambient noise levels of 45 to 70 dBA, with the dominant noise sources being traffic. Other noise sources include wind, birds, and both small and large aircraft. 1.3 The dominant noise sources during project construction will probably be earth moving equipment, such as bulldozers and diesel powered trucks, assuming pile driving equipment will not be required. Noise from construction activities will occur on the subject property. Noise from construction activities should be short term and must comply with State Department of Health noise regulations. _ 1.4 . Predicted traffic noise level increases due to the project for the year 2014 along local roadways in the vicinity of the completed project were determined to be less than 1.9 dB, which is below the threshold of perceptible change in noise level for most people and not considered significant. DLAA Project No. 03-31 Page I • 0 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Ponahawai University Terrace project site is proposed to provide a mixture of single and multi -family residential housing, mixed commercial, and open spaces in close •proximity to the University of Hawaii Hilo campus. Design concepts of "new urbanism" are planned to be incorporated, intended to promote a more livable and pedestrian friendly community. The Ponahawai University Terrace site is comprised of undeveloped properties totaling approximately 179 acres (the "Project"), as shown in Figure 1. The Alenaio Stream drainage way bisects the project site from Mohouli Street to Komohana Street. The primary access to the Project will be via an extension of Ponahawai Road to Mohouli Street. Secondary access will be provided by a road extending from Komohana Street on the southeastern side of the property and intersects with the proposed Ponahawai extension. Bicycle and pedestrian walkways and trails are planned for non -vehicular transportation. The proposed development plan calls for up to 600 residential units, 150 transient - accommodation units, and 350,000 SF of commercial retail and office space. 3.0 -NOISE STANDARDS Various local and federal agencies have established guidelines and standards for assessing environmental noise impacts and set noise limits as a function of land use. A brief •description of common acoustic terminology used in these guidelines and standards is presented in Appendix A. . 3.1 State of Hawaii, Department of Health, Community Noise Control The State of Hawaii Department of Health Community Noise Control Statute [Reference I] defines three classes of zoning districts and specifies corresponding maximum permissible sound levels due to stationary noise sources such as air- conditioning units, exhaust systems, generators, compressors, pumps, etc., and equipment related to agricultural, construction, and industrial activities. These levels are enforced by the State Department of Health (DOH) for any location at or beyond the property line and shall not be exceeded for more than 10% of the time during any 20 -minute period. The specified noise limits which apply are a function of the zoning and time of day as shown in Figure 2. With respect to mixed zoning districts, the statute specifies that the primary land use designation shall be used to determine the appiicable zoning district class and the maximum permissible sound level. DLAA Project No. 03-31 Page 2 0 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The U.S. EPA has identified a range of yearly day -night equivalent sound levels, Ldp, sufficient to protect public health and welfare from the effects of environmental noise [Reference 2]. The EPA has established a goal to reduce exterior environmental noise to an La„ not exceeding 65 dBA and a future goal to further reduce exterior environmental noise to an Ld, not exceeding 55 dBA. Additionally, the EPA slates that these goals are not intended as regulations as it has no authority to regulate noise levels, but rather they are intended to be viewed as levels below which the general population will not be at risk from any of the identified effects of noisy U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) The FHWA defines four land use categories and assigns corresponding maximum hourly equivalent sound levels, Lq, for traffic noise exposure [Reference 3], which are listed in Table 1. For example, Category B, defined as picnic and recreation areas, parks, residences, motels, hotels, schools, churches, libraries, and hospitals, has a corresponding maximum exterior Lia of 67dBA and a maximum interior Lq of 52 dBA. These limits are viewed as design goals, and all projects meeting these limits are deemed in conformance with FHWA noise standards. Hawaii Department of Transportation (HDOT) The HDOT has adopted FH WA's design goals for traffic noise exposure in its noise analysis and abatement policy [Reference 4]. According to the policy, a traffic noise impact occurs when the predicted traffic noise levels "approach" or exceed FH WA's design goals or when the predicted traffic noise levels "substantially exceed the existing noise levels." The policy also states that "approach" means at least 1 dB less than FHWA's design goals and "substantially exceed the existing noise levels" means an increase of at least 15 Db. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HUD's environmental noise criteria and standards in 24 CFR 51 [Reference 5] were established for determining housing project site acceptability. These standards are based on day -night equivalent sound levels, Ld,,, and are not limited to traffic noise exposure. However, for project sites in the vicinity of highways, the Ld. may be estimated to be equal to the design hour LN1h1, provided "heavy trucks (vehicles with three or more axles) do not exceed 10 percent of the total traffic flow in vehicles per 24 hours and the traffic flow between 10:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. does not exceed 15 percent of the average daily traffic flow in vehicles per 24 hours." For these same conditions, 4.1 may also be estimated as 3 dB less than the design hour Lio DLAA Project No. 03-31 Page 3 • • 0 HUD site acceptability criteria rank sites as Acceptable, Normally Unacceptable, or Unacceptable. "Acceptable" sites are those where exterior noise levels do not exceed an Ld. of 65 dBA. Proposed housing projects on "Acceptable" sites do not require additional noise attenuation other than that provided by customary • building techniques. "Normally Unacceptable" sites are those where the Ldp is above 65 dBA, but does not exceed 75 dBA. Housing on "Normally Unacceptable" sites requires some form_ of noise abatement, either at the property line or in the building construction, to ensure the interior noise levels are acceptable. "Unacceptable" sites are those where the Ld, is 75 dBA or higher. The term "Unacceptable" does not necessarily mean that housing cannot be built on those sites. It means that more sophisticated sound attenuation will likely be needed. 4.0 EXISTING ACOUSTICAL ENVIRONMENT Ambient noise level measurements were conducted on June 10, 2003, at the locations shown on Figure 3, to assess the existing acoustical environment at the project site and surrounding areas. These measurements were taken with a Larson -Davis Laboratories, Model 824, Sound Level Meter. The results, presented in Table 2, expressed in terms of equivalent sound levels, L�q, in units of A -weighted decibels (dBA), were obtained. Presently, traffic is the dominant noise source at the measurement locations. Other noise •sources include wind, birds, and both large and small aircraft. Traffic volume and vehicle mix were also recorded during the measurements at Locations 1 through 6 and 8. 5.0 POTENTIAL NOISE IMPACT DUE TO THE PROJECT AND NOISE MITIGATION 5.1 Project Construction Noise Development of project areas will involve excavation, grading, and construction of new buildings and infrastructure. The various construction phases of the project may generate significant amounts of noise. The surrounding residential properties may be impacted by the project construction noise due to their proximity, as shown on Figure 4. The actual noise levels produced during construction. will be a function of the methods employed during each stage of the construction process. Typical ranges of construction equipment noise are shown in Figure 5. In cases where construction noise exceeds, or is expected to exceed the State's • "maximum permissible" property line noise levels [Reference 11, a permit must be obtained from the DOH to allow the operation of vehicles, cranes, construction equipment, power tools, etc., which emit noise levels in excess of the "maximum DLAA Projcct No. 03-31 Page 4 permissible" levels. In the State of Hawaii, noise permits are required for construction projects. Specific permit restrictions for construction activities are: "No permit shall allow any construction activities which emit noise in excess of the maximum permissible sound • levels .. before 7:00 a.m. and after 6:00 p.m. of the same day, Monday through Friday." "No permit shall allow any construction activities which emit noise in excess of the maximum permissible sound levels ... before 9:00 a.m. and after 6:00 p.m. on Saturday." "No permit shall allow any construction activities which emit noise in excess of the maximum permissible sound levels on Sundays and on holidays." The use of pile drivers, hoe rams, jack hammers 25 lbs. or larger, high pressure sprayers, and chain saws may be restricted to 9:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., Monday through Friday. 5.2 Project Generated Traffic Noise Measured traffic noise levels along with traffic volume and vehicle mix counts obtained during the measurements were used to calibrate the FHWA's Traffic Noise Prediction Model [Reference 6]. The noise model, together with the traffic • data [Reference 7], was then used to calculate the peak hour traffic noise levels with and without the project. The results are presented in Table 3. Predicted traffic noise level increases for the year 2014, with and without the project, were calculated and included in Table 3. As can be seen, the predicted maximum traffic noise level increase along the assessed roadways due to the project is 1.9 dB, which is below the threshold of change in noise level that is perceptible to most people with normal hearing. The increase in traffic noise level due to project development is not considered significant. 5.3 Potential Traffic Noise Impact on.the Project The proposed project should incorporate setbacks from Komohana Street and Mohouli Street if residential housing is located in these areas. A 70 foot wide setback from Komohana and a 90 foot wide setback from Mohouli is required to meet the FHWA, HDOT, HUD, and EPA design goals and regulations. Unless residential structures are constructed closer than 70 feet from Komohana and 90 feet from Mohouli, no further traffic noise mitigation will be necessary. If single DLAA Project No. 03-31 Page 5 40 or multi -family residences are placed within these setbacks, fixed windows and air-conditioning should be provided for these homes. 5.4 On -Site Equipment • Noise from pumps, air handling units, compressors, condensing units, and other on-site equipment must be addressed during the design phase of the project. Noise at the property line from on-site equipment must be within the State's maximum permissible sound limits for daytime and nighttime hours according to the applicable zoning district class as determined by the primary land use designation. if on-site equipment exceeds this limit, mitigation in the form of barriers, enclosures, silencers, etc. should be included in the design. is DLAA Project No. 03-31 Page 6 6.0 REFERENCES: Chapter 46, Community Noise Control, Department of Health, State of Hawaii, Administrative Rules, Title 11, September 23, 1996. 2. Toward a National Strategy for Noise Control, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, • April 1977. 3. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration Procedures for Abatement of Highway Traffic Noise, Title 23, CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter J, Part 772, 38 FR 15953, June 19,1973; Revised at 47 FR 29654, July 8, 1982. 4. Noise Analysis and Abatement Policy, Department of Transportation, Highways Division, State of Hawaii, June 1977. 5. Department of Housing and Urban Development Environmental Criteria and Standards, Title 24, CFR, Part 51, 44 FR 40860, July 12, 1979; Amended by 49 FR 880, January 6, 1984. 6'. Federal Highway Administration's Traffic Noise Model, FHWA-RD-77-108; U.S. Department of Transportation, December 1978 Peak Hour Traffic Data, The Traffic Management Consultant, June 11, 2003. DLAA Project No. 03-31 Page 7 C E Ec D. L. ADAMS ASSOCIATES. LTD ACOUSTICAL CONSULTANTS 9/0N k&V EOAVENUE. SUITE A-311. MAUA NAW* 96734 IMB1254 3318 +A%. t8Wrl5e 5295 EWU M Q)t e Scda I :37" FIGURE I -PROJECT LOCATION AND STUDY AREA 0 dBA CLASS C ZONING DISTRICTS (AGRICULTURE, COUNTY, INDUSTRIAL( 70 DAYTIME AND NIGHTTIME CLASS B ZONING DISTRICTS (MULTI -FAMILY DWELLINGS. APARTMENT, BUSINESS, COMMERCIAL, HOTEL RESORT) 60 DAYTIME CLASS A ZONING DISTRICTS (RESIDENTIAL, CONSERVATION, PRESERVATION, PUBLIC SPACE, OPEN SPACE) DAYTIME 50 CLASS B ZONING DISTRICTS (MULTI -FAMILY DWELLINGS, APARTMENT, BUSINESS, COMMERCIAL HOTEL RESORT) NIGHTTIME CLASS A ZONING DISTRICTS 40 (RESIDENTIAL, CONSERVATION, PRESERVATION, PUBLIC SPACE, OPEN SPACE) NIGHTTIME NOTE: SOUND LEVELS INDICATED BY ZONWG DISTRICT ARE THE'MAXIMUM PERMLQ®LE" SOUND LEVELS DUE TO E)aCESSNE NOISE SOURCES SUCH AS STATIONARY MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT AND EQUIPMENT REIAIED TO AGRICULTURAL, CONSTRUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ACINMES THAT SHALL NOT SE EXCEEDED FOR MORE T1iAN 10% OF THE TIME WTMW ANY20.MINUIE PERIOD DURING THE TIME PERIOD SHOWN. [DAYTIME: 7:00 AM. TO 10:00 PM_ NIG14TiME10:00 P.M. TO 7:00 A_M.) CD. L. ADAMS ASSOCIATES, LTD. ACOUSTICAL CONSu1rANTS FIGURE 2 - STATE OF HAWAII MAXIMUM 97DN x EOA9WUt-WT A-311 Rauq9e1M PERMISSIBLE SOUND LEVELS FOR VARIOUS IeaeRs+3�Fs FM (R Mqs+s:cs twu ^v-oi4ima ZONING DLSTRICTS I 0 I ioo \ 3 4 PROJECT SITE 1 Mow= sl vx3,� I i Omeaswemenf lormon Q kulr. I; ARM c D, L. ADAMS ASSOCIATES. LTD, cACOUSTICAL CONSULTANTS FIGURE 3 - LOCATIONS OF NOISE MEASUREMENTS 91U N. KAlAIEO AVENA. SURE A-311. KARUA W1WAA 9E734 1a1739.3318 EAK1A0917USM EIAAL: Ifdp1@lbe.mm NOISE LEVEL IN 00A AT 50 FEET 60 70 80 90 100 110 _--_.-. -- COMPACTORS IROLLERS)- i FRON7 LOADERS Z l7 BACKHOES wL ... . ._. .._. __ O O 1RACTORS - L5 SCRAPERS GRADERS I 0 u5 U i PAVERS TRUCKS 2 m CONCRETE MIXERS Ur ! ..-- g CONCRFTE PUMPS CRANES (MOVABLE) W - CRANES [DERRICK) �. W PUMPS ' GENERATORS G. COMPRESSORS PNEUMATIC WRENCHES 2 JACK HAMMERS AND ROCK DRILLS 2 i PILE DRIVERS (PEAKS) !-_- w VIBRATORS SAWS .. NOTE: BASED ON LIMITED AVAILABLE DATA SAMPLES c D. L. ADAMS ASSOCIATES. LTD. -`' c: ACOUSTICAL CONSULTANTS FIGURE 5 - TYPICAL SOUND LEVELS FROM 910 N. ¢MAFEO AVEMl1. iM A J 11, KMUA MWAI %ya. CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT lbm,2 a 3318 fu ;808175A 5295 EWA: ^v akwb Can TABLE I Federal Highways Administration Recommended Equivalent Hourly Sound Levels Based On Land Use [Reference 3] Activity Category Leq(h) Noise Reduction Exterior -to -Interior Lands on which serenity and quiet are of extraordinary significance and serve an important A 57 (Exterior) public need and where the preservation of those qualities is essential if the area is to continue to serve its intended purpose. B 67 (Exterior) Picnic areas, recreation areas, playgrounds, active sport areas, parks, residences, motels, hotels, schools, churches, libraries, and hospitals. C 72 (Exterior) Developed lands, properties, or activities not included in Categories A or B above. D --- Undeveloped Land Residences, motels, hotels, public meeting rooms, E 52 (Interior) schools, churches, libraries, hospitals, and auditoriums. E • u 0 TABLE 2 Measurement Locations and Equivalent Sound Levels Measurement Location Time of Measurement Duration of Measurement Equivalent Sound Level L in dBA 1 10:26 AM 10 Minutes 70.3 2 10:48 AM 15 Minutes 3 11:15 AM 15 Minutes 70.0 4 11:37 AM 15 Minutes 66.2 5 12:09 PM 15 Minutes 70.2 6 1:33 PM 15 Minutes 67.8 7 1:58 PM 10 Minutes 44.6 8 2:44 PM 10 Minutes 63.2 TABLE 3 Peak Hour Traffic Noise Levels and Predicted Noise Level Increases (L., in dBA) MEASUREMENT LOCATION Predicted Predicted I Year 2014 Year 2014 (22 ft from Existing Without With centerline of Proposed Proposed Mohouli Street) Project Project Peak Traffic AM PM AM I PMAM AM PM Noise Level 72 8 71,6 73:8 73.2 75.0 74.6 Predicted Year 2014 Increase - - - - - 1.0 1.6 2.2 3.0 Above Existing - - - - - - Predicted Year 2014 Increase - - - - - - - - -. - - - 1.2 1:4 Due to Project MEASUREMENT LOCATION Predicted Predicted 2 Year 2014 Year 2014 in A from. Existing Without With centerline of Proposed Proposed Komohana Street) Project Project Peak Traffic AM PM AM I PM AM I PM Noise Level 69.0 69.01 70.0 1 70.0 69.6 1 70.7 Predicted Year 2014 Increase - - - - - - Above Existing Predicted Year 2014 Increase - - - - - - - - - -- = -0.4 0.7 Due to Project • • E MEASUREMENT LOCATION •3 (18 ft from centerline of Komohana Street) Peak Traffic Noise Level Predicted Year 2014 Increase Above Existing - Predicted Year 2014 Increase Due to Project Cm TABLE 3 Continued... MEASUREMENT Predicted Predicted Year 2014 Year 2014 Existing Without With Proposed Proposed (26 rt from Project Project AM PM AM PM AM PM 71.7 70.8 72.6 71.8 72.6 1 72.6 --- --- 0.9 PM Noise Level 67.9 65.8 68.9 67.2 69.3 67.7 Predicted Year MEASUREMENT LOCATION Predicted Predicted 4 Year 2014 Year 2014 (26 rt from Existing Without With centerline of Proposed Proposed Ponahawai Street) Project Project Peak Traffic AM PM AM PM AM PM Noise Level 67.9 65.8 68.9 67.2 69.3 67.7 Predicted Year 2014 increase - - - - - - 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.9 Above Existing Predicted Year 014 Increase Due to Project --- --- --- --- 0.4 0.5 1. TABLE 3 Continued... MEASUREMENT LOCATION Predicted Predicted s Year 2014 Year 2014 (24 it from Existing Without With centerline of Proposed Proposed )(omohann Street) Project Project Peak Traffic AM PM AM PM AM PM Noise Level 72.8 71.0 73.5 71.7ff2.6 69.7 69.6 70.6 71.0 70.7 71.1 Predicted Year Predicted Year 2014 Increase 2014 Increase - - - - - - 0.7 0.7 1.5 Above Existin Above Existing Pr=Ycar20 Predicted Year -__ __- --_ 0.8 1.9 D Due to Project MEASUREMENT LOCATION Predicted Predicted e Year 2014 Year 2014 (38ftfrom Existing Without With centerline of Proposed Proposed Mohoull Street) Project j Project Peak Traffic AM PM AM PM AM PM Noise Level 69.7 69.6 70.6 71.0 70.7 71.1 Predicted Year 2014 Increase - - - - - - 0.9 1.4 1.0 1.5 Above Existin Predicted Year 2014 Increase - - - Due to Project • • MEASUREMENT LOCATION • 8 (26 ft from centerline of Kaumana Drive) Peak Traffic Noise Level Predicted Year 2014 Increase Above Existine Predicted Year 2014 Increase Due to Proiect L� • TABLE 3 Continued... Predicted Predicted Year 2014 Year 2014 Existing Without With Proposed Proposed Project Project AM PM AM PM AM PM 65.6 64.0 67.0 65.9 66.4 65.0 1.0 APPENDIX A ACOUSTICAL TERMINOLOGY Sound Pressure Level • Sound or noise consists of minute fluctuations in atmospheric pressure capable of evoking the sense of hearing. It is measured in terms of decibels (dB) using precision instruments known as sound level meters. Noise is defined as "unwanted" sound. Technically, sound pressure level (SPL) is defined as: SPL = 20 log (P/Pref) dB where P is the sound pressure fluctuation (above or below atmospheric pressure) and Pref is the reference pressure, 20 micropascals, which is approximately the lowest sound pressure that can be detected by the human ear. For example, if P is 20 micropascals, then SPL = 0 dB, or if P is 200 micropascals, then SPL = 20 dB. The relation between sound pressure in micropascals and sound pressure level in decibels (dB) is shown in Figure A-1. The sound pressure level that results from a combination of noise sources is not the arithmetic sum of the individual sound levels, but rather the logarithmic sum. For example, two sound levels of 50 dB produce a combined level of 53 dB, not 100 dB; two sound levels of 40 and 50 dB produce a combined level of 50.4 dB. Human sensitivity to changes in sound pressure level is highly individualized. Sensitivity to sound • depends on frequency content, time of occurrence, duration, and psychological factors such as emotions and expectations. However, in general, a change of 1 or 2 dB in the level of a sound is difficult for most people to detect. A 3 dB change is commonly taken as the smallest perceptible change and a 5 dB change corresponds to a noticeable change in loudness. A 10 dB increase or decrease in sound level corresponds to an approximate doubling or halvingof loudness, respectively. A -Wei hted Sound Level The human ear is more sensitive to sound in the frequency range of 250 Hertz (Hz) and higher, than in frequencies below 250 Hz. Due to this type of frequency response, a frequency weighting system, was developed to emulate the frequency response of the human ear. This system expresses sound levels in units of A -weighted decibels (dBA). A -weighted sound levels de-emphasizes the low frequency portion of the spectrum of a signal. The A -weighted level of a sound is a good measure of the loudness of that sound. Different sounds having the same A -weighted sound level are perceived as being about equally loud. Typical values of the A -weighted sound level of various noise sources are shown in Figure A -l. A-1 0 4Wndix A stical Terminology (Continued) Statistical Sound Levels The sound levels of long-term noise producing activities, such as traffic movement, aircraft operations, etc., can vary considerably with time. In order to obtain a single number rating of such a noise source, a statistically -based method of expressing sound or noise levels developed. It is known as the Exceedence Level, L.. The Exceedence Level, Ln, represents the sound level which is exceeded for n% of the measurement time period. For example, L10 = 60 dBA indicates that for the duration at the measurement period, the sound level exceeded 60 dBA 10% of the time. Commonly used Exceedence Levels include L„ L10, L501 and L90, which are widely used to assess community and environmental noise. Figure A-2 illustrates the relationship between selected statistical noise levels. Equivalent Sound Level The Equivalent Sound Level, Lcq, represents a constant level of sound having the same total acoustic energy as that contained in the actual time -varying sound being measured over specific time period. is commonly used to describe community noise, traffic noise, and hearing damage potential. It units of dBA and is illustrated in Figure A-2. Day -Night Equivalent Sound Level The Day -Night Equivalent Sound Level, Ld,, is the Equivalent Sound Level, Lq, measured over a 24-hour period. However, a 10 dB penalty is added to the noise levels recorded between 10 pm and 7 am to account for people's higher sensitivity to noise at night when the background noise level is typically lower. The Ld, is a commonly used noise descriptor in assessing land use compatibility, and is widely used by federal and local agencies and standards organizations. Qualitative descriptions, as well as local examples of Ld,, are shown in Figure A-3. • A-2 SOLM PRESSURE LEVEL IN DECIBELS (dBA) 120 DQE 110 TEXTILE MILL PRINTING PLANT 100 JACKHAMMER AT 15 m PRINTING PLANT 90 HEAVY TRUCK AT 15 m CONCRETE MIXER AT 15 m so INSIDE AUTO AT 84 km81r VACUUM CLEANER AT 3 m 70 AUTO (100 kmMr) AT 30 m 80 LARGE TRANSFORMER AT 15 m URBAN RESIDEh= 50 SMALL TOWN RESIDENCE 40 SOFT WHISTLE AT 2 m1000 UNOCCUPIED BROADCAST STUDIO 30 NORTH RIM OF GRAND CANYON THRESHOLD OF HEARING CD. L. ADAMS ASSOCIATES, LTD. ACOUSTICAL CONSULTANTS 970 a KAlANEO AVENUE, SUITE A-31 1. KALU4 HAWAII 96734 180812543318 FAX (800)2545295 EMALL: howclKMocLcom 10 J,r 20 FIGURE A-1 - THE RELATION BETWEEN SOUND PRESSURE, P, AND SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL SPL ALSO SHOWN ARE TYPICAL VALUES OF A -WEIGHTED SOUND LEVELS OF VARIOUS NOISE SOURCES. 0 • 80 --————— — — — — ——-- — — — —— L, --— — — — — —— — — ————— — — —Lio 70 L --BQLu ------------- --- j - - - - - - - - ----- - - - - -- - L50 cO 60 0 w ~ = INSTANTANEOUS A-WEIGHTED CD SOUND LEVEL —--—— ——-—-————— — — — — -- L90 50 , 40 TIME D. L, ADAMS ASSOCIATES, LTD. FIGURE A•2 - COMPARISON OF AN INSTANTANEOUS C SOUND LEVEL AND THE CORRESPONDING ACOUSTICAL CONSULTANTS STATISTICAL SOUND LEVELS 970 N. KAIAHEO AVENUE. SURE A.311, KAILLik HAWAII 96734 (8081254-3318 FAX (8081254-5295 EMAIL; howc9@aaa.com RESIDENTIAL wa -.-. .. ep VERY NOISY NOISE URBAN �I SUBURBAN Ldn (dB) 70 W FROM CURB OF H-1 Q CAMPBELL IND. PARK EXIT IANAI OF WAIKIKI HIGH RISE ON KU HIO AVE W FROM THE CENTERLINE OF PUNCHBOWL ST. Q QUEENS MEDICAL CENTER KALIHI, HICKAM HOUSING 60 AREAS, CAMP CATLIN, HALSEY TERRACE, FT. KAMEHAMEHA EWA BEACH TO IROQUOIS POINT SMALL TOWN, 50 A QUIET SUBURBAN CD. L. ADAMs ASsociATEs, LTD. ACOUSTICAL CONSULTANTS 970 N. KMA EO AVENUE, SUI1E A-311. KA&U k W1WAN 96734 "1254-3318 FAX 180812544295 EN14a rcwakpcL=com 0 FIGURE A-3 - QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE DAY. NIGHT EQUIVALENT SOUND LEVELS (Ldn) AND EXAMPLE Ldn's AT SELECTED LOCATIONS ON OAHU 11 11 APPENDIX D LETTER REPORT SUBJECT: ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD INSPECTION, SURE SAYE PARCEL • Cf M K 3-2m3„037:00 1 ) Haun & Associates �aun & Associates 0 emservims ArChaeoiog.t Bed Hisiertcal Ran" V NIM g2-634 HCR 1 Sox 4730, U110%��,a96749 Phone: 962-7755 Feo< 9B7�343 VisFax (4 PP•) December 12, 2002 Mr. Bill Arsenault a Company Western United Life Assuraae 601 West 1° Avenue Spokane, WA 99201 OO Subject: Sine Field Insp 2 3-037:001) Sine Save Pared fes= Land of Bonohawai. South Hilo District. _ island of Hawae i pear Mr. Arsenault: on ofhe At your request,Hain & Associates eoutiucted an a�alo�� field inspecTi 3-2-2.037.001) located in the Land of Ponohawai, c. 8 acro Sure Save parcel (TNtK Parte is bounded by,Komohana "'to The South Hilo District, Island of Hawaii. Thep nal drainage east h l undeveloped lands w the north, soudi, and � (y8tec 1) Ab West Southwest extends through the northern Portion of the parcel in as eastnortheast direction • The vegetation within the project area consists of secondery � S vegetation B Consisting tr 5 of eau (Hibiscus rilioceus L.). false staghoto fent (Dicranoprais linearis Brutes). tree ferns (Ciborium splendens Gaud.), bamboo (Bamburo spp.), Guava (Psgrass sardeia nes Sabine), coconut (Cocos racifi a L.), several unidentified tress' and glosses and vines- ferns muck on 6-20% The soil within the parcel is comprised of Keaukaha a dark brown muck surface layer slopes (Sam et al. 1973). This soil is characturized by25No of the ground surface. over pahoehoe bedrock, with rock outcrops occupying 71oe project area was inspected on December 12, 2002 with a new of four under The 15 rection. The survey identified 15 sites with 25 competent features (See Tab� )!.� �_ sites consist of 11 siagle feature sites orad four complexes of feaall, acs ( e and two plat- s txm5ist of 19 mounds, a mad, a low wall, a retaining wall, a tettac . form+. Feature fitncnon includes agtieultire (n-1 i. foundation (tt�2), fence (a=5). irons Portation (n=1) and erosion ca al"ol (n"1) Ilte tnajo^tY of the mounds (a'l6) appear to reprereot field Bearing features associated with historic suBarcaae cultivation. Site 2 is comprised of a low platform wuh historic debris, a low wall. and four small mortared stone mounds which appear in be post tio - ports The Platform Potentially represents the remains of a historic building foundation nt and all were probably Pan of a fence 'in"- ?t,e mounds align with the wall segme 0 0 Ponahawai field Inspection 2 The road (Site 1) includes bridge abutments on either side of the seasonal drainage in the northern portion of to parcel, and eutetrds 55.0 m w tile south, terminating at a large, low platform With scattered historic debris. This pladotm appears to be an equipment yard or building foundation, potentially associated with historic P4=canc cultivation The.re- taining wail (Site 11) is situated along the southern bank of the seasonal drainage. This discontinuous stacked stone wall likely served to control erosion of the drainage bartlt_ 4ke sites are probably associated with Mgtnric Plantation cultivation of sugarcane. No pre_conuact sites or features were encountered and it is unlikely that snob sites, if for- merly present, would not have survived historic modification of the parcel. Based an the results of the inspection, an archaeological inventory survey would he re- quired prior to development of the pared. The survey would likely collect sufficient in- formation to support a trconuacndation of no further woclt or preservation for the sites. Tryou bane any questions or comments, please contact me At 992-7755- Sincerre�y, Alan E. Haun, Ph.D. Principal Investigator cc: Stere Yamashiro �eference Cited Sato, El, W. Ikeda, R Paeth, R Smythe, and M. Takehiro 1973 Soil Survey of the bland of Hawaii, United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, In Cooperation with the University of Hawaii Agricultural Ex- periment Station. Ponahawai Field Iatipeaiou 3 • n U • 0 • 4, ponabawni Field Inspection Table 1. Summary of Identifred Sites 0 0 0 APPENDIX E • HE WAHI MO'OLELO NO PONAHAWAI A ME PUNAHOA MA HILO, A COLLECTION OF TRADITIONS AND HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS FOR PONAHAWAI AND PUNAHOA, DISTRICT OF HILO, ISLAND OF HAWAII Kumu Pono Associates 0 HiPonaha78-051203 HE WAHI MO`OLELO 0 NO PONAHAWAI A ME PUNAHOA MA HILO . A Collection of Traditions and Historical Accounts for Ponahawai and Punahoa, District of Hilo, Island of Hawaii 1 JprJ agC•Nc• • p , • Spa WIC• Portion of Map - 'Waiakea or Byrn Bay" from original by Lt. C.R. Maiden, 1825 (Fitzpatrick 1986:65) Depicting Settlement and Land Use Across Waiakea, Kukuau, Ponahawai, Punahoa and Prihonua. Kumu Pono Associao Historical & Archival Documentary Research - Oral History Interview Studies Researching and Preparing Studies from Hawaiian Language Documents - Mahele dina, Boundary Commission, 8 Land History Records - Integrated Cultural Resources Management Planning Preservation & Interpretive Program Development , JI if a s R �•� •f a „J„u "vti ! M , v JprJ agC•Nc• • p , • Spa WIC• Portion of Map - 'Waiakea or Byrn Bay" from original by Lt. C.R. Maiden, 1825 (Fitzpatrick 1986:65) Depicting Settlement and Land Use Across Waiakea, Kukuau, Ponahawai, Punahoa and Prihonua. Kumu Pono Associao Historical & Archival Documentary Research - Oral History Interview Studies Researching and Preparing Studies from Hawaiian Language Documents - Mahele dina, Boundary Commission, 8 Land History Records - Integrated Cultural Resources Management Planning Preservation & Interpretive Program Development HiPonaha78-051203 0 HE WAH/ MO`OLELO NO PONAHAWA/ A ME PUNAHOA MA HILO A Collection of Traditions and Historical Accounts for Ponahawai and Punahoa, District of Hilo, Island of Hawaii (TMK 2-3-44:19; 2-3-49:53; 2-3-37:01) By • Kepil Maly - Cultural Historian & Resource Specialist 8 Onaona Maly - Researcher Prepared for Glenn L Kimura Kimura International 1600 Kepi'olani Blvd., Suite 1610 Honolulu, Hawaii 96814` May 12, 2003 02003 Kumu Pono Associates Kumu Pono Associates Historical & Archival Documentary Research • Oral History Interview Studies Researching and Preparing Studies from Hawaiian Language Documents • Mahele Ana, Boundary Commission, & Land History Records - Integrated Cultural Resources Management Planning Preservation & Interpretive Program Development • 554 Keonaona St. Hilo, Hawaii 96720 (pVax) eoa. 981. 0196 (e -mail) kumupono@hawafi.n:com EXECUTIVE SUMMARY At the request of Glenn T. Kimura, of Kimura International, Kumu Pono Associates conducted a general review of historical documents pertaining to the land of Ponahawai, in the District of Hilo, Island of Hawai'i. This study was undertaken in conjunction with preparation of an environmental assessment (EA) for the proposed development of the University Terrace. The project proposes to develop a 179 acre parcel situated primarily in the ahupua`a (a native land division) of Ponahawai, with a small portion situated in the Ahupua'a of Punahoa 2nd. The project proposes a mixed-use development including, single and mufti -family residential uses, commercial areas, open space in parks, and pedestrian walkways and bicycle paths. The study area extends from approximately 250 to 400 feet above sea level, and is bounded on upland (mauka) side by the Mohouli Street extension; on the shoreward (makal) side, by Komohana Street; on the Waiakea side by the Sunrise Ridge subdivision and open land; and on the Wailuku side by the Punahoa Homestead lots. The primary objective of this study was to provide readers with a detailed overview of key facets of history in the Ponahawai-Punahoa vicinity. While detailed, the study is not exhaustive, and does not repeat everything previously reported. The research of Kelly (1982), Jensen et al. (1991), and Wolforth (1999) should be consulted to complete the historical picture. This paper includes several important primary sources—particularly the testimonies of native residents collected in the 1800s—and reports on such documentation that would help readers better understand native Hawaiian customs, traditions, and historic -- events associated with the lands of Ponahawai, Punahoa and neighboring lands of the Hilo Bay vicinity. In preparing the archival -historical documentary report for this study, the authors reviewed both published and manuscript accounts in English and Hawaiian—referencing documentation for the immediate study area as well as those of neighboring lands. Research was conducted in both private and public collections, and focuses on several archival resources which have not received much exposure in past studies. Among the narratives cited herein, are traditional and historical accounts pertaining to the hills of HAla'i, Pu'u o Kamali'i (or Pu'u Ali'i), and Pu'u Honu. The latter two hills are situated within the proposed project area. One of the most significant historical events associated with the Ponahawai-Punahoa uplands occurred in 1881, when a lava flow from Mauna Loa traveled to within one mile of Hilo Bay. As the flow approached town, governess Ruth Ke'elikolani, a descendant of the Kamehameha line traveled to a place called Pu'u o Kamali'i, an area mauka of Hala'i—by reference to the native account, a place in Ponahawai, or very near the Ponahawai-Punahoa boundary—where she personally asked Pele to spare Hilo from the lava flow. The flow stopped shortly thereafter, thus saving Hilo. Earlier accounts also associated with the three hills, further describe them as the abode of children of the goddess Hina, and their followers. By the middle 1800s, land use in Ponahawai-Punahoa and the larger Hilo Town vicinity was dramatically changed from its traditional subsistence system. In the late 1830s, the kula lands of Ponahawai—the area extending mauka from the present-day Ululani Street. to Hila'i—had been planted with sugar cane, and by 1840, "30 tons" of sugar had been produced from the young Ponahawai fields. Sugar continued to be planted in Ponahawai through the 1800s, extending further mauka, towards Ka0mana. By the early 1900s, lands He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponshawal at Hilo H (HiPonaha78-051203) • 11 • of Ponahawai and upper Punahoa were part of a plantation system that extended across most of East Hawaii. Plantation activities on the land continued through ca. 1970. As a result of the plantation development, much of the landscape in Ponahawai and Punahoa, including the study area, was significantly altered. •Historical documentation also describes an 'auwai (irrigation ditch system) being developed during the early period of the plantation activities to support the cultivation (Site No. 14947). Archaeological research (Jensen 1991 and Wolforth 1999) revealed that the 'auwai crosses into the present project area, on the Puna side of Pu'u Honu, from Punahoa Ahupua'a into Ponahawai Ahupua'a, and then continues makai to where it is cut off by Komohana Street (ibid.). This section of the 'auwai was determined to be a significant historical resource, meeting all criteria of the of the State Historic Preservation Division, and it was recommended that: At a minimum, representative portions of the historic ditch should be preserved with an appropriate buffer zone, and some degree of interpretation should be planned if the ditch is in an appropriate location... [letter of April 2, 1991; D. Hibbard, SHPO to N. Hayashi, HCPD) The historical narratives cited in this study add to the previous historical research, and in combination with such research, provides readers with a historical overview that spans many centuries and facets of the cultural -historical landscape'. • In addition to the Executive Summary above, readers who desire further details on the summary of information cited in this study, are directed to please see pages 180-182. He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo iii (HiPoaaha78-051203) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Background 1 Approach to Conducting the Study 1 • AN OVERVIEW OF THE CULTURAL HISTORICAL LANDSCAPE a 4 Natural and Cultural Resources 0 4 An Overview of Hawaiian Settlement 0 4 Hawaiian Land Use and Resource Management Practices 5 Ahupua'a—A Hawaiian Land Division 6 NATIVE TRADITIONS AND HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS OF PONAHAWAI, PUNAHOA AND NEIGBORING LANDS OF HILO ONE 9 L Mo'oieio Aina: Traditions of the Waiakea-Wihonua Section of Hilo One 9 "Ka'ao Ho'oniva Pu'uwai no Ka-Miki" 9 Ponahawai and Kukuau, Lands Named for Their Chiefesses 12 The Hills of H810, Pu'uhonu, ldpe'ape`a and Pu'u o KamaIN 14 The'Alas Birds ofPShakunul 21 Ponahawal and Punahoa.- Chiefly Associations and Early Residents of the Land - 22 11: Observations of Foreign Visitors and Residents (ca. 1823-1900) 25 "The Journal of William Ellis" (1823) 25 Hilo and Environs Described in 1825 30 • Changing Landscapes, Declining Populations and - Advent of Sugar Plantations (Ponahawai Planted In ca. 1839) • 35 Water Drawn Across the Lands of Punahoaand Ponahawai (ca. 1770-1926) 0 36 Lava Flows of the Nineteenth Century 6 42 Homestead Lots of the KaOmana-Ponahawai Vicinity 47 MAHELE'A1NA- LAND TENURE IN PONAHAWAI AND PUNAHOA (1848-1854) 48 Ponahawai and Punahoa Disposition of Land and Residency 50 Ponahawal 50 Punahoa 1't and 2nd 52 Ponahawai and Punahoa- Claims and Awards of the Miihele 'Aina 53 BOUNDARY COMMISSION PROCEEDINGS: KAMA'AINA WITNESSES DESCRIBE PONAHAWAI, PUNAHOA AND NEIGBORING LANDS 160 Ponahawai and Punahoa— Testimonies and Certificate of Boundaries 161 • He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo iv (H/Ponaha78-051203) Testimony from the Ahupua'a of Kaumana Testimony from the Ahupua'a of Kukuau 2nd 0ONCLUSION: PONAHAWAF-A STORIED LANDSCAPE REFERENCES CITED ILLUSTRATIONS • Figure 1. Proposed University Terrace — Ponahawal, District of Hilo, Island of Hawaii (Portion of Master Plan Map— Kimura International, April 28, 2003) Figure 2. Portion of 1932 Hilo Quadrangle (based on surveys of 1912-1914). • 173 • 174 • 180 • 183 2 • 14 Figure 3. Portion of Map — "Walakea or Byron Bay" from original by Lt. C. R. Malden, 1825 (Fitzpatrick 1986:65) Depicting Settlement and Land Use Across Weiakea, Kukuau, Ponahawai, Punahoa and Pi'lhonua 32 - Figure 4. Portion of Map of the Hilo Sugar Company Fields (ca. 1920; Co. of Hawaii Dept of Public Works, Ref. No. GIH-23-10).Detail of Punahoa•Ponahawal Ditch Section, Punahoa-Pi'Ihonua Ditch Section, and Ha/a'l Hills. 38 Figure S. Detail from Register Map No. 892; C.J. Lyons, 1882. Sketch showing Lava Flow of 1881. Points nixed by previous survey flow, by Information from F.S. Lyman, C. Fumeaux, and others. (State Survey Division) 44 Figure 6. Portion of 1926 Tax Map of Hilo Town (revised 1929); Detail of Ponahawal-Punahoa Section Lands showing Kuleana and Historic Reference Points (Real Property Tax Office Honolulu) 51 He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo v (HlPonaha78-051203) INTRODUCTION Background At the request of Glenn T. Kimura, of Kimura International, Kumu Pono Associates conducted a general review of historical documents pertaining to the land of Ponahawai, in the District of Hilo, Island of Hawai'i (Figure 1). This study was undertaken in conjunction with preparation of an environmental assessment (EA) for the proposed development of the University Terrace. The project proposes to develop a 179 acre parcel situated primarily in the ahupua`a (a native land division) of Ponahawai, with a small portion situated in the Ahupua'a of Punahoa 2nd. The project proposes a mixed-use development including, single and multi -family residential uses, commercial areas, open space in parks, and pedestrian walkways and bicycle paths. The study area extends from approximately 250 to 400 feet above sea level, and is bounded on upland (mauka) side by the Mohouli Street extension; on the shoreward (makal) side, by Komohana Street; on the Waiakea side by the Sunrise Ridge subdivision and open land; and on the Wailuku side by the Punahoa Homestead lots. Approach to Conducting the Study Though limited in scope, the archival -historical documentary research reported herein was performed in a manner consistent with several important guidelines of Federal and State agencies for such research. These include, but are not limited to the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's "Guidelines for Consideration of Traditional Cultural Values in Historic Preservation Review" (ACNP 1985); the Hawai'i State Historic Preservation Divisions' guidelines for the evaluation and documentation of cultural sites (cf. Title 13, Sub - Title 13:275-8; 276:5 – Draft Dec. 21, 2001); -and -the November 1997 guidelines for cultural. = impact assessment studies, adopted by the Office of Environmental Quality Control (which also facilitate the standardized approach to compliance with Act 50 amending HRS Chapter 343; April 26, 2000). The primary objective of this study was to provide readers with a detailed overview of key _ facets of history in the Ponahawai-Punahoa vicinity. These lands are a part of the storied landscape of the larger Hilo One region ---Hilo One is a traditional name for the region of Hilo District, extending from Wailuku River (where begins Hilo. Palika), to Waiakea at Kanukuokamanu (where begins Hilo Hanakahi). Hilo One is interpretively translated as Hilo - of -the -sandy -shore, and is descriptive of the region of Hilo Bay fronted by the sandy beach. While detailed, the study is not exhaustive, and does not repeat everything previously reported. Research conducted by Kelly (1982), Jensen et al. (1991), and Wolforth (1999) should be consulted to complete the historical picture. This paper includes several important primary sources—particularly the testimonies of native residents collected in the 1800s— and reports on such documentation that would help readers better understand native Hawaiian customs, traditions, and historic events associated with the lands of Ponahawai, Punahoa and neighboring lands of the Hilo Bay vicinity. While the present research was not undertaken as a formal cultural assessment study (which would have included a broader scope of research and oral history interviews), it does provide readers with a wide range of historical references, including, but not limited He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 1 (H/Ponaha78-051203) • • • ���\ e� , «© « - . » «, � « - \i�� /fes � ; : -- 2 � � \ � �\\���z^�\ \� \ 2 » � � ��� � \2?/ to: land use records of the Land Commission Award (L.C.A.) records from the Mahele 'Aina (Land Division) of 1848 to 1850; Boundary Commission testimonies of native residents from 1873-1874; and historical texts authored or compiled by—J.P. I'i (1959); S. M. Kamakau (1961, 1964, 1976, and 1991); Wm. Ellis (1963); R. Dampier (1971); H. Bingham (1969); (1969); C.S. Stewart (1970); S.J. Lyman (1992); C. Wilkes (1845); A. Fornander (1916-1919 and 1996); Wise and Kihe (1916; Maly, translator); Handy, Handy and Pukui (1972); and historical notes collected from elder kama`aina in the 1920s by Theodore Kelsey. The archival -historical resources were located in the collections of the Hawai'i State Archives (HSA) and Survey Division (SD); the Bishop Museum Archives (BPBM); University of Hawai'i-Hilo Mo'okini Library; Lyman House Museum Library (LHML); private family collections; and in the collection of Kumu Pono Associates. Perhaps the most important component of this study, are the narratives recorded by kama'aina (native residents) of Ponahawai, Punahoa and neighboring lands between 1848 to 1874, in which those people who were of the land provided first-hand descriptions of Hawaiian residency and land use; shared their knowledge of features of the cultural landscape; and described native practices of access and resources collection. Most of the narratives cited in this study have had little or no exposure since the dates of their original recordation. He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponshawai me Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 3 (HiPonaha78-051203) • is is AN OVERVIEW OF THE CULTURAL HISTORICAL LANDSCAPE This section of the study provides readers with a general overview of the Hawaiian landscape—with emphasis on the Hilo One region—including discussions on Hawaiian •settlement; population expansion; and land management practices that are the basis of the sustainable relationship shared between the Hawaiian people and the land. Natural and Cultural Resources In Hawaiian culture, natural and cultural resources are one and the same. Native traditions describe the formation (literally the birth) of the Hawaiian Islands and the presence of life on and around them, in the context of genealogical accounts. All forms of the natural environment, from the sky and mountain peaks, to the watered valleys and lava plains, and to the shore line and ocean depths were believed to be embodiments of Hawaiian gods and deities. One Hawaiian genealogical account, records that Wakea (the expanse of the sky– father) and Papa-hanau-moku (Papa—the strata that gave birth to the islands)—also called Haumea-nui-hanau-wa-wa (Great Haumea born time and time again)—and various gods and creative forces of nature, gave birth to the islands. Hawaii, the largest of the islands, was the first-born of these island children. As this Hawaiian genealogical account continues, we find that these same god -beings, or creative forces of nature who gave birth to the islands, were also the parents of the first man (Haloa), and from this ancestor, all Hawaiian people are descended (cf. David Malo 1951:3; Beckwith 1970; Pukui and Kom 1973). It was in this context of kinship, that the ancient Hawaiians addressed their environment and it is the basis of the Hawaiian system of land use. An Overview of Hawaiian Settlement •Archaeologists and historians describe the inhabiting of these islands in the context of settlement which resulted from voyages taken across the open ocean. For many years, archaeologists have proposed that early Polynesian settlement voyages between Kahiki (the ancestral homelands of the Hawaiian gods and people) and Hawai'i were underway by AD 300, with long distance voyages occurring fairly regularly through at least the thirteenth century. It has been generally reported that the sources of the early Hawaiian population— the Hawaiian Kahiki—were the Marquesas and Society Islands (Emory in Tatar, 1982:16- 18). For generations following initial settlement, communities were clustered along the watered, windward (ko'olau) shores of the Hawaiian Islands. Along the ko'olau shores, streams flowed and rainfall was abundant, and agricultural production became established. The ko'olau region also offered sheltered bays from which deep sea fisheries could be easily accessed, and near shore fisheries, enriched by nutrients carried in the fresh water, could be maintained in fishponds and coastal fisheries. Itwasaround such bays as that of Hilo One, that clusters of houses where families lived,. could be found (McEldowney ms., 1979:15). In these early times, the residents generally engaged in subsistence practices in the forms of agriculture and fishing (Handy, Handy and Pukui, 1972:287). As a general summary of lowland residency and cultivation of food resources in the Hilo One region, Handy, Handy and Pukui (1972) reported that: • He Wahl Mo'oleto no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 4 (HiPonaha78-051203) Hilo as a major land division of Hawaii included the southeastern part of the windward coast ... the northern portion, had many scattered settlements above streams running between high, forested kula lands, now planted with sugar cane. From Hilo Bay southeastward to Puna the shore and inland are rather barren and there were few settlements. The population of Hilo was anciently as now • concentrated mostly around and out from Hilo Bay... The Hilo Bay region is one of lush tropical verdure and beauty, owing to the prevalence of nightly showers and moist warmth which prevail under the northeasterly trade winds into which it faces... In lava -strewn South Hilo there were no streams whose valleys or banks were capable of being developed in terraces, but cuttings were stuck into the ground and on the shores and islets for many miles along the course of the Wailuku River far up into the forest zone. In the marshes surrounding Waiakea Bay, east of Hilo, taro was planted in a unique way, known as kanu kipi. Long mounds were built on the marshy bottom with their surface two or three feet above water level. Upon the top and along the sides of these mounds taro was planted. Flood waters which occasionally submerged the entire mound are said to have done no harm, as the flow was imperceptible. This swampy land is now abandoned to rank grass. Kipi (mounds) were also formerly made along Alenaio [Alanaio] Stream above Hilo... [Handy, handy and Pukui 1972:538-539] The "Alenaio° Stream referred to above is written as Alanaio in the early native texts, and is the boundary between Ponahawai and Kukuau 2id. Native testimonies in 1873, describe the water as belonging to-Ponahawai, and earlier claims of the Mahele 'Mina (1848), reference the %pf method of planting (see testimonies in this study). Hawaiian Land Use and Resource Management Practices 4 Through their generations of residency, the ancient Hawaiians developed a sophisticated system of land- and resource -management. By the time 'Umi-a-Liloa rose to rule the island of Hawai'i in ca. 1525, the island (moku-puns) was divided into six districts or moku-o-loko (cf. Fomander 1973–Vol. 11:100-102). The district of Hilo is one of six major moku-o-loko on the island of Hawaii. The district of Hilo itself, extends from the shore up to the 9,000 foot. level on Mauna Kea, and up to the summit of Mauna Loa, where it joins the districts of Ka'u, Kona and HamAkua. Towards the east, Hilo joins Puna at Mawae, and on it's north western boundary, Hilo joins HaImakua at Ka'ula. Within this district, today simply described as North and South Hilo, there were at least three traditional regions. The area from Waifkea to the Puna boundary was known as Hilo Hanakahi—Hilo, land of Hanakahi, one of the noted chiefs of Hilo, whose reign was one of peace. The middle section of Hilo, fronted by the sandy beach of Waiakea Bay, extending from Kanukuokamanu (at the mouth of Wailoa Stream) to Wailuku River was simply known as Hilo One—Hilo of the sandy shore. The remainder of Hilo, extending from the cliffs on Wailuku River to Ka'ula.was called Hilo Palika--Hilo of the upright cliffs. The entire district of Hilo has been most famed for its rains; and is commemorated in many traditional mete (chants) and Welo no'eau (poetical sayings) by reference to the rains. This may seem to some to be an undesirable epitaph, but in the Hawaiian mind, the rains were god given, and manifestations of the gods Kane and Lono. Rains gave life to, and healed the land, thus a land of water was a rich one. Indeed, in some accounts, the place name, • He Wahl Nlo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kum Porto Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 5 (HiPonaha78-051203) Ponahawai is said to describe water which swirls or swells up, or is descriptive of water found in an opening in the forest (cf. Pukui et al., 1974; and T. Kelsey Notes, 1921, in this study). Punahoa too is a water associated name which is literally interpreted as "Companion spring" or perhaps "Friends' spring" (cf. Pukui et al., 1974). The tradition of Hina-a-ke-ahi •may give us a possible clue as to the source of the place name, for this goddess was a friend and companion of the people of the land. During a time of famine and draught, Hina- a-ke-ahi sacrificed herself for her people. She went underground at Hala'i Hill and traveled towards the shore, and at two or three locations, she caused springs (puna or punawal) named Hina 'Au'auwai, to rise to the surface (cf. T. Kelsey notes, 1921, in this study). Native tradition records that lands with "waT (water) names were themselves associated with the god Lono (G.W. Kahiolo in Ka Hae Hawaii, July 10, 1861), thus another level of cultural significance might be associated with these lands. We also find that one of the famous sayings of Hilo describes the beauty of the rains—source of the waters given by Lono—that seem to resonate from the leaves of the ohi'a lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) trees which at one time grew luxuriantly from shore to mountains— No ka pehi mau o ka ua iluna o ka lihilihi o ka lehua i ka wa a na manu a kani hone ana a mukiki i ka wai a kilihune iho la i ka liko o ka lehua... o ka ua kani lehua o Hilo la! — Because the frequent pattering of rains upon the lehua blossoms is accompanied by the sweet singing of the birds as they sip the nectar which drips upon the young budding lehua leaves... the rain of Hilo is called the rain which resounds upon the lehua blossoms of Hilo! [Wise and.Kihe in Ka Hoku o Hawaii; February 24, 1916 (Maly, translator)] Ahupua`a—A Hawaiian Land Division Hilo, like other large districts on Hawaii, was -further divided into smaller manageable units of land, and were tended to by the maka'ainana (people of the land) (Malo 1951:63-67). Of all the land divisions, perhaps the most significant management unit was the ahupua'a. • Ahupua`a are subdivisions of land that were usually marked by an altar (ahu) with an image or representation of a pig (pua'a) placed upon it, thus the name ahu-pua'a or pig -altar. Ahupua'a may be generally compared to pie -shaped wedges of land that extended from the ocean fisheries (the wide section) fronting the land unit, to the mountains (the narrow section) or some other feature of geological significance. such as a valley, hill or crater. The boundaries of the ahupua`a were generally defined by the topography and cycles and patterns of natural resources occurring within the lands (cf. Lyons, 1875; in "The Islander"). The ahupua'a were also divided into smaller manageable parcels of land (such as the 'N, k5'ele, mala, and k7hapai, etc.) in which cultivated resources could be grown and natural resources harvested. As long as sufficient tribute was offered and kapu (restrictions) were observed, the common people,. who lived in a given ahupua'a had access to most of the resources from the mountain slopes to the ocean. These access rights were almost uniformly tied to residency on a particular land, and earned as a result of taking responsibility for stewardship of the natural environment, and supplying the needs of ones' alis (cf. Malo 1951:63-67; Kamakau 1961:372-377; and Boundary Commission Testimonies – ca. 1865-1891). Entire ahupua'a, or portions of the land were generally under the jurisdiction of appointed konohiki or lesser chief -landlords, who answered to an ali'i-'ai-ahupua`a (chief who controlled the We Wahl Mo 016/0 no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 6 (HiPonaha78-051203) ahupua'a resources). The ali'i-'ai-ahupua'a in tum answered to an a/i'i 'ai moku (chief who claimed the abundance of the entire district). Thus, ahupua'a resources supported not only the maka1inana who lived on the land, but also contributed to the support of the royal community of regional and/or island kingdoms. This form of district subdividing was integraft to Hawaiian life and was the product of strictly adhered to resources management planning. In this system, the land provided fruits and vegetables and some meat in the diet, and the ocean and onshore fishponds provided a wealth of protein resources. Also, in communities like that of the Ponahawai-Punahoa vicinity, with long-term royal residents, divisions of labor (with specialists in various occupations on land and in procurement of marine resources) came to be strictly adhered to. It is in this cultural setting that we find Ponahawai, Punahoa, and the present study area. In 1979, Holly McEldowney conducted an archaeological and historical literature search for lands of the Hilo Bay region. In this study McEldowney presented a basic pattern for land use according to five environmental zones. Excerpts from McEldowney's study, below, describe activities within specific elevational zones—the present project area would fall within McEldowneys' Zone II: Zone / Coastal Settlement The highest number of people in the early historic period, and subsequently the highest site probabilities, are found in this zone from sea level to roughly 20 to . 50 ft elevation or 1/2 mile inland. Early descriptions, as well as the distribution of known sites, suggests that structures representing both permanent and/or temporary use occur along the entire coast. In 1823, Ellis estimated that 2,000 people lived in 400 houses or huts along Hilo Bay. Consistently, this village was described as a nearly continuous complex of native huts and garden plots interspersed with shady .groves of trees, predominantly breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) and coconut (Cocos nucifera)... Gardens, outlined by windbreaks or small plantations of banana (Musa hybrids), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), and wauke (Broussonetia papyrifera) were primarily planted with dryland taro, mixed with sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) and minor vegetable _crops. Other economically valuable trees, mostly Polynesian introductions (e.g., Eugenia malaccensis, Pandanus odoratissimus, Thespesia populnea, Aleurites moluccana) grew singularly or as components of these groves (McEldowney 1979:15-16). Zone 11 Upland Agricultural Zone The extent of this zone varies in early journals, but most confirm that an expanse of unwooded grasslands or a "plain" behind Hilo town extended up to approximately the 1,500 ft elevation (i.e., the edge of the forest). Scattered huts,. emphasized by adjacent garden plots and small groves of economically beneficial tree species, dotted this expanse. The cumulative effects of shifting agricultural practices (i.e., slash -and -bum or swidden), prevalent among Polynesian and Pack peoples, probably created and maintained this open grassland mixed with pioneering species and species that tolerate light and regenerate after a fire... With remarkable consistency, early visitors to Hilo Bay describe an open parkland gently sloping to the base of • He Wahl Mo'oielo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 7 (HiPonaha78451203) the woods. This open but verdant expanse, broken by widely spaced "cottages" or huts, neatly tended gardens, and small clusters of trees... Estimates as to the extent of this unwooded expanse ranged from between five and six miles (Goodrich 1826:4) to between three and four miles (Goan 1882:29) above the coast or village, with most falling between four or five miles. • The constituents of gardens and tree crops in the village basically continued in the upland except that dry -land taro was planted more extensively and bananas were more numerous... This same pattern occurred between Waiakea Pond and the Pana'ewa Forest in the four or five miles of open country dominated by tall grasses. Here stands of kukui (Aleurites moluccana), pandanus, and mountain apple became more conspicuous, with large areas of dryland taro planted in rocky crevices on the younger Mauna Loa flows... (McEldowney 1979:18-20). McEldowney's descriptions of native Hawaiian land use—residency- and agricultural systems—is supported in numerous traditional and early native accounts cited in this study. •. 7WWahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pone Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 8 (HlPonaha78-051203) NATIVE TRADITIONS AND HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS OF PONAHAWAI, PUNAHOA AND NEIGBORING LANDS OF HILO ONE This section of the study introduces readers to some of the mo'olelo—native traditions and historical accounts—of the Hilo One region that span several centuries. Though only a few • accounts specifically referencing the ahupua'a names of Ponahawai and Punahoa were found, more traditions of places or features within and adjoining the lands were located. Traditional patterns of residency, land use, and the evolving social -political structure of pre - and post -western contact Hawaii, make it safe for us to assume that similar practices as described in neighboring lands of the Hilo One region occurred in the ahupua'a of Ponahawai and Punahoa. The traditions and historical accounts cited in this section of the study are generally organized chronologically, by date or period of events described, and cross many centuries. The narratives are also presented in two categories, those associated with native traditions and lore, and those which describe the land and communities—generally from non - Hawaiian perspectives. Underlining is used below to draw reader's attention to selected texts of importance to the Ponahawai-Punahoa vicinity, or the broader historical context of referenced events. 1. Mo`olelo `dina: Traditions of the Waiakea-Pi`ihonua Section of Hilo One "Ka'ao Ho`oniva Pu'uwai no Ka-Miki" "Ka'ao Ho'oniva Pu`uwai no Ka-Miki' (The Heart Stirring Story of Ka -Mild) is about two supernatural brothers, Ka-Miki (The quick, or adept, one) and Maka-'iole (Rat [squinting] • eyes), who traveled around the island of Hawai'i along the ancient ala loa and ala hele (trails and paths) that encircled the island. During their journey, the brothers Ka-Miki and Maka- 'iole competed alongside the trails they traveled, and in famed kahua (contest arenas) and royal courts, against 'olohe (experts skilled in fighting or in other competitions, such as running, fishing, debating, or solving riddles, that were practiced by the ancient Hawaiians). They also challenged priests whose dishonorable conduct offended the gods of ancient Hawai'i. Ka-Miki and Maka-'iole were empowered by their ancestress Ka-uluhe-nui-hihi-kolo- i-uka (The great entangled growth of uluhe fem which spreads across the uplands), a body - form of the goddess Haumea (the creative force of nature also called Papa and Hina— who was a goddess of priests and competitors). The tradition was presented to the native newspaper, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, by noted Hawaiian historians, John Wise and J.W.H.I. Kihe, between 1914 to 1917. It is set in about the 1300s, at the time when Pili-a-Ka'aiea (Pili) was sovereign chief of all Kona. It was while on their journey that the brothers arrived at the royal court of the chief Waiakea-nui-kumu-honua, who was the brother of the chiefess Pana'ewa-nui-moku-lehua, and the chief Pi'ihonua-a- ka-lani. The traditions associate place names with people and events in history, and describe a broad range of sites and travel across the Hilo landscape. The narratives also share with us the poetry and attachment that Hawaiians share with the forests, rains and streams which were such an integral part of the Hilo landscape. • He Wahl Mo`olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 9 (HiPonaha78-051203) While the tradition does not specifically name Ponahawai or Punahoa, it is clear that the area described includes those lands. Also, it should also be noted, that Kaumana (discussed below) is a land -locked ahupua`a which bounds sections of Ponahawai. •Ka-Miki, Maka-'iole, and their companion, Keahi'alaka, departed from the compound of Kapu'euhi and continued their journey, descending on the ala loa to Hilo. Reaching the Hilo Boundary, the travelers approached a large compound, where they saw a man coming towards them with a club. This man was Kukulu-a-hane'e-a-hina-pu [Kukulu]. Kukulu was a guardian of the chiefess and lands called Pana'ewa-nui-moku-lehua [Pana'ewa of the great lehua forest]. Pana'ewa was a sacred chiefess of Hilo. and sister of the chiefs Waiakea-nui- kumu-honua and Pi'ihonua-a-ka-lani. The compound of the chiefess and surrounding community were forbidden to strangers, and Kukulu regularly killed unaware travelers [thus the name Pana'ewa — "Unjust place"]. Kukulu challenged Ka-Miki ma but he was quickly defeated... lehua... [February 17, 1916]. When Ka-Miki arrived at the court of Waiakea, arrangements were made for him to compete with the Wohe--experts of the land, at the kahua [contest site] of Kalepolepo. 'Upeloa the champion, land administrator and war counselor of Waiakea, and an expert fighter with 'oka's la'au [war clubs] was called to Kalepolepo... After much boasting, 'Upaloa and Ka-Miki met on the contest field, and in no time, 'Upeloa was defeated and completely bound up... •...Chief Waiakea heard that 'Upeloa had been defeated and was greatly surprised that his war counselor and war club fighting expert had fallen. Waiakea then called to his messenger Kapunako to go get Kaumana, the foremost teacher of lua, ha'iha'i. kaka Way [bone breaking fighting, and spear fighting], and all manner of fighting and bring him to the kahua. Upon arriving before his Kalepolepo. The place called Kalanakama'a, situated in Kukuau, was named for Kalana- kama'a-o-uli, the foremost `dlohe student of KaGmana, and champion of Waiakea. Kalanakama'a was the ward of Kipuka 'china [k], Hale -aloha [w] and Hale-loulu [k], who dwelt above Hilo on the mountain lands. When Kapunako arrived before IGpuka 'china, he spoke about the great rains and rivers of Hilo, a poetic reference to the many skilled 'blohe for which Hilo was famed. It was in this way that Kapunaka described the overwhelming skills of Ka-Miki and his victory over'Upeloa. Kiipuka 'china then asked: Mama Hilo i ka wai? (Is Hilo lightened of the waters?) Kapunako responded: • He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 10 (HlPonaha78-051203) 'Ae mama Hilo i ka wai 'ole, ua kau i ka lani ka holo [wa'a] ua o Hilo, na ka Malualua a ki'i ala i pulu ka liko o ka lehua a me ka mamane! (Indeed one can move swiftly through Hilo, for the streams are without water, the water trough [i.e., the clouds] of Hilo are set in the heavens. It is the Malualua that fetches moisture for the budding lehua and mamane.) Kipuka 'china then asked in amazement: Nawai a nele o Hilo i ka wai? He tau ka pu'u, mann ka ihona, he kini na kahawai o Hilo, a 'au i ka wai o Hilo a pau ke aho! (Who could possibly make Hilo destitute of water? There are lau [400, poetically many] hills, mano [4,000, many] places to descend, and kini [40,000, many] streams to cross, indeed one is worn out swimming through the waters of Hilo!) It was in this way that Wpuka 'china learned that a master 'blohe had come to Hilo challenging its many 'olohe. Using his ipu hokiokio [gourd nose flute], IGpuka 'china awakened Kalanakama'a, for this was the only way in which Kalanakama'a could be safely awakened, or he would kill whoever dared to wake him. [February 24–March 2, 1916] Kalanakama'a joined his teacher Kaumana, and met with the assembly at Kalepolepo. Carrying his club Popu-kani-oe-i-ka-ua-o-Hilo [Land -snail singing in the rain of Hilo], Kalanakama'a entered the kahua with KaGmana and a great cry arose praising the abilities of these Hilo champions. Ka-Miki and Kalanakama'a exchanged taunts, Ka-Miki stated that Kalanakama'a would become the kama'a lau-7 i hili kuanaka 'ia [twined ti leaf sandals] that Ka-Miki wore upon his feet. Outraged, Kalanakama'a leapt to attack Ka-Miki with his club Popo-kani-oe-i-ka- ua-o-Hilo, Ka-Miki leapt out of the may, and took 'Upeloa's club from Maka-'iole. Seeing his student miss, Kaumana called out to Kalanakama'a telling him how to strike Ka-Miki— 'alelo no`eau: Kau i ka law ka holoua o Hilo, No 'fa i ke aho a ka ua he 'lo ka hauna la'au a ki'i ai, a'ohe wahi pa We, pa me ke poo a hb'ea i na wawae, pa no pau, ka 'oni, 'oni no he alWaiwa ia, he hialoloa no ka nae/e, alada ho'i hou ka hauna la'au a ke koa kua makani. Placed in the heavens is the water trough of Hilo, entwined in the cordage of the rains, 'lo [Hawk] is the war club strike to use, for there is no place that can't be hit. Strike at the head and reach to the feet, for once struck, there will be no movement. If there is any movement, he is indeed a skilled expert of the depths [deepest knowledge], then return and strike again in the manner of the windswept koa tree [March 9, 1916]. Ka-Miki then attacked Kalanakama'a and quickly over came him. KaOmana then leapt to the kahua and was beaten as well. After Ka-Miki defeated Kaumana, word spread throughout the region, and Pi'ihonua called his council together, wondering how they might help regain the honor of Hilo from this stranger. He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 11 (HlPonaha7"51203) E 0 • Hanakahi told Pi'ihonua that it would be best not to fight. Pi'ihonua then said that • perhaps it had been a mistake to honor Hanakahi with his title as champion, and marriage to 'Ohele [March 16, 1916]. Hanakahi told Pi'ihonua all of the things that Na-Mau'u-a-Pa'ao had told Pi'ikea about Ka-Miki, and said it would be unwise to compete and thus leave all of the champions of Hilo in disgrace. Hanakahi himself was a master 'blohe trained by Maulua, of Hilo-Paliku. He was skilled in kakala'au [spear fencing], pololu [long spear fighting], the laumeki [barbed spear fighting], and all manner of knowledge. Hanakahi told his chief, "It is my desire to go before Ka-Miki, not in the manner of a competitor, but in the spirit of friendship, and to learn from them the things that they have been taught by their teachers. If I succeed, I will be the foremost 'o/ohe of all Hilo, and I will serve as their guide as they journey from one border of Hilo to the next border of Hilo." Hanakahi then asked his chief, "Do you agreer Pi'ihonua told Hanakahi to go and compete first, and then if he was securely bound, to surrender and ask for friendship. Hanakahi approached Kalepolepo, and the contest between Ka-Miki and himself was announced. 'Oka'a la'au [club -spear fighting] was selected as the method of fighting, and when Hanakahi asked Ka-Miki, "How shall the victory be determined?" Ka-Miki said, "By the breaking of one's spear.' Ka-Miki greatly admired the nature of Hilo-Hanakahi, and as they competed, Ka- Miki dodged each of the thrusts. To those gathered at the kahua, it was as if Ka- Miki was the teacher and Hilo-Hanakahi was the student. Hilo-Hanakahi tried each technique he had learned from his teacher, but was unable to score against Ka-Miki. Worn out, Hilo-Hanakahi collapsed and was taken off of the kahua borne in a net. Hilo-Hanakahi acknowledged the nature and skills of Ka-Miki and surrendered to him, thus ke 'ahi kanana [the fierce tuna] of Hilo befriended Ka- Miki ma upon the kahua. Hilo-Hanakahi returned to the chief Pi'ihonua, and they spoke of the events which had taken place at Kalepolepo. Pi'ihonua then sent his messenger to invite Ka-Miki and companions to his compound, in the manner of aikane [companions] [March 23, 1916]. Ka-Miki ma were well hosted.by Pi'ihonua, and Ka-Miki asked Hilo-Hanakahi to accompany them to the border of Hilo and HAmakua, at Ka'ula. Pi'ihonua agreed, and the group then departed for Wailuku... [March 30, 1916]. Ponahawai and Kukuau, Lands Named for Their Chiefesses A few years after the publishing of Ka-Miki, Theodore Kelsey, a resident of Kukuau, was collecting traditions from native Hawaiian residents of the district. Throughout his life, Kelsey collected a wealth of information from elder kama'aina throughout the islands. Portions of the Kelsey collection have been curated by June Gutmanis (since deceased), the Lyman House Memorial Museum (LHMM), Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum (BPBM), and the Hawaii State Archives. Selected manuscripts have been viewed by the author in the above collections, and are cited below. In 1921, Theodore Kelsey was working with several elder Hawaiians in Hilo and Puna, • recording traditions of places, the meanings of place names, and uses of the Hawaiian He Wahi No'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 12 (HiPonaha78-051203) language. Among his informants were Reverend H.B. Nalimu, James and Philip lokepa, J.P. Hale, Mrs. Kukona Porter, and Kiaaina, who at the time was over 100 years old. Among the accounts recorded by Kelsey, is one which tells us that the lands of Ponahawai and Kukuau were named for sister chiefess who resided on those lands. In one of their adventures, their activities also gave rise to names of other lands in the vicinity. July 2, 1921 ...0 Kukuau a me Ponahawai, he Mau kaikamahine laua. He/e Mau nei lana e holoholo a hiki ma Kalalau, O ka inoa pololei o keia wahi, o Pukihae, a mamuli o ka hoo/alau is ana o kela Mau kaikamahine, ua kapai 'ai keia wahi o Kalalau. Huli mai nei laua, nana i lalo o ke kahawai. Ike Mai nei laua he elua Mau kaikamahine a auau ana. A olelo kekahi kaikamahine i kekahi, "U'i maili ka ho'i kela Mau kaikamahine! E hele ho`i kaua a hooaikane me kela Mau kaikamahine." Hoomaka laua a iho #alo o ke kahawai. Eia nae ka mea apiki i ko laua hiki an' aku, ua na/owale honua iho /a ua Mau kaikamahine nei. Noke i iho la ka huli ana, ao/e nae he /oaa. A nolaila i kapa i' ai kela wahi o Kalalau a me Wainaku, mamuli o ka hoolalau is ana o keia mau kaikamahine a kela Mau kaikamahine e nalowale honua ai. Ala' pahee was the name of the pond in which the bathing girls were seen: NAku means to walk thru thick vegetation where you cannot see your way out... are street names of Hilo. I have not been able to find out anything more about these sisters... [Kelsey notes in the collection of June Gutmanis] The Bishop Museum collection includes a translation of this account of the two beautiful chiefess sisters and lands, Ponahawai and Kukuau: ...Once upon a time, when these royal sisters were out for a walk, they beheld below them in the pond of Ala-pahee (Slippery Ala rock), now largely covered by the railroad where Wainaku Stream meets the ocean, two lovely young women combing their hair with their fingers. The princesses did not know that these women were really moo (huge crocodile -like creatures) who, in guise of comely females with averted faces, appeared on the banks of sequestered pools, gracefully swaying their magnificent glistening bodies. 'How beautiful they are! Let's go down and make friends with them," said one princess to the other, so down they went. Behold, when they reached the pool, the wonderful maidens had vanished!... [the sisters separated, one looking for the women on the Hilo side of the Wainaku stream, and the other looking on the Hamakua side of the stream] ...Then ascending the bank on the opposite sides, they scoured the land. Alas, of no avail were their best efforts. "Where are you going?" (Ihea aku nei oe?), asked travelers who met the weary princess on the Hamakua side. I am going to the Water of Searching, the place where I searched" (/ Wainaku wau, kahi i naku hele al), she answered mysteriously. "Where are you going?" queried wayfarers of the princess who ran about on the Hilo side. "I am going to The Straying, the place where I went astray" (l Kalalau aku nei au, kahi i /a/au hele ai), she replied evasively. From that time forth, the land and the stream on the Hamakua side has been known as Wainaku (Water He Wahi )Wo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 13 (HlPonaha78-051203) • • • of Searching), and the land on the Hilo side as Kalalau (The Straying). Though unfortunately now, it has been renamed Halaulani Place. [Kelsey; LHMM, Box 1, Folder 19] The Hills of Hala`i, Pu`uhonu, • `Ope`ape`a and Pu'u o Kamali`i In 1910, W.D. Westervelt, published a collection of �:i"'==y /Y " i tl r Kaulainaiwi 4 traditions pertaining to the a M_, Nkn t� I Cocoanut t�4 x goddesses who bore the name of Hina, and the demi- god, Maui, son of one of the (r Hinas. In that collection, IS J(sr� f • �:,� found an account of the pu'u r (hills) of Halal, 'Ope'ape'a ` and Pu'u Honu. The tradition tells us of the presence of Hawaiian villages and agricultural fields in the J r vicinity of the hills. Hala'i (the first hill) is in Punahoa, oc bounded on the Puna side by the land of Ponahawai (just makai of the study area). Pu'u Honu, the third hill in this series of volcanic cones, is / r — , f L •further mauka, and crossed by the boundary between / % Punahoa and Ponahawai (Figure 2). 'Ope'ape'a is not Figure 2. Portion of 1932 Hilo Quadrangle (based on surveys named on any of the historical of 1912-1914). Showing location of eHalai"and "Putt Hono" maps viewed to date, but has (Pu'u Honu) Hills, and boundary between Punahoa and been interpreted as being the Ponahawai. Also note the occurrence of flumes and i middle, or second hill, and is ditches (blue dashed lines) in vicinity of Hiila and crossing Ponahawai.. thus situated just mauka of the present-day Komohana Street. This is the hill that was mined by C. Brewer prior to 1970, and is between Hala'i and Pu'uhonu. There is some confusion regarding the name of the °middle' hill (see discussion in Wofforth 1999), and one or two historical accounts describing important facets of the history of Hilo appear to be centered on the "middle" hill. In one account it may be referred to as Pohakunui (Westervelt, 1910; in this study) and in another account, as Pu'u o Kamali'i (see T. Kelsey notes, 1921, in this study). Regarding the tradition of Hina and the Hala'i Hills, Westervelt (reprinted in 1987) wrote: Ghosts of the Hilo Hills THE LEGENDS about Hina and her famous son Maui, and her less widely known daughters, are common property among the natives of the beautiful little city of Hilo. One of these legends of more than ordinary interest finds its location • in the three small hills back of Hilo toward the mountains. He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 14 (HiPonsha78-051203) These hills are small craters connected with some ancient lava flow of unusual violence. The eruption must have started far up on the slopes of Mauna Loa. As it sped down toward the sea, it met some obstruction which, although overwhelmed, checked the flow and caused a great mass of cinders and ashes to be thrown [page 25] out until a large hill with a hollow crater was built up, covering many acres of ground. Soon the lava found another vent and then another obstruction and a second, and then a third, hill were formed nearer the sea. These hills or extinct craters bear the names Halai. Opeapea. and Puu Honu. They are not far from the Wailuku River, famous for its oicturesaue waterfalls and also for the legends which are told along its banks. Hina had several daughters, four of whose names are given: Hina Keahi, Hina Kekai, Hina Mahuia, and Hina Kuluua. Each name marked the peculiar mana or divine gift which Hina, the mother, had bestowed upon her daughters. Hina Keahi meant the Hina who had control of fire. This name is sometimes given to Hina the mother. Hina Kekai was the daughter who had power over the sea. She was said to have been in a canoe with her brother Maui when he fished up Coconut Island [Mokuola], his line breaking before he could pull it up to the mainland and make it fast. Hina Kuluua was the mistress over the forces of rain. The winds and the storms were supposed to obey her will. Hina Mahuia is peculiarly a name connected with the legends of the other island groups of the Pacific; Mahuia or Mafuie was a god or goddess of fire all through Polynesia. The legend of the Hilo hills pertains especially to Hina Keahi and Hina Kuluua. the days were like fire and the sky had no rain to it. The taro planted on the the fruit on the trees was blasted. The people were faint because of hunger, and the shadow of death was over the land. [page 26] Hina Keahi pitied her suffering friends and determined to provide food for them. Slowly her people labored at her command. Over they went to the banks of the river course, which was only the bed of an ancient lava stream, over which no water was flowing. The famished laborers toiled, gathering and carrying back and ohia forests, gathering their burdens of fuel according to the wishes of the chiefess. He Wahl Mo'clelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 16 (HiPonaha78-051203) E • Then came the days of digging out the hill and making a great imu or cooking oven and preparing it with stones and wood. Large quantities of wood were thrown into the place. Stones best fitted for retaining heat were gathered and the fires kindled. When the stones were hot, Nina Keahi directed the people to • arrange the imu in its proper order for cooking the materials for a great feast. A place was made for sweet potatoes, another for taro, another for pigs, and another for dogs. All the forms of preparing the food for cooking were passed through, but no real food was laid on the stones. Then Hina told them to make a place in the imu for a human sacrifice. Probably, out of every imu of the long ago, a small part of the food was offered to the gods, and there may have been a special place in the imu for that part of the food to be cooked. At any rate, Hina had this oven so built that the people understood that a remarkable sacrifice would be offered in it to the gods, who for some reason had sent the famine upon the people. Therefore it was in quiet despair that the workmen obeyed Hina Keahi and prepared the place for sacrifice. [page 27] It might mean their own holocaust as an offering to the gods. At last Hina Keahi bade the laborers cease their work and stand by the side of the oven, ready to cover it with the dirt which had been thrown out and piled up by the side. The people stood by, not knowing upon whom the blow might fall. But Hina Keahi was "Hina the Kind,° and although she stood before them robed in royal majesty and power, still her face was full of pity and love. Her voice • melted the hearts of her retainers as she bade them carefully follow her directions. "O my people! Where are you? Will you obey and do as I command? This imu is my imu. I shall lie down in its bed of burning stones. I shall sleep under its cover. But deeply cover me, or I may perish. Quickly throw the dirt over my body. Fear not the fire. Watch for three days. A woman will stand by the imu. Obey her will." Hina Keahl was very beautiful, and her eyes flashed light like fire as she stepped into the great pit and lay down on the burning stones. A great smoke arose and gathered over the imu. The men toiled rapidly, placing the imu mats over their chiefess and throwing the dirt back into the oven until it was all thoroughly covered and the smoke was quenched. Then they waited for the strange, mysterious thing which must follow the sacrifice of this divine chiefess. Halai hill trembled and earthquakes shook the land round about. The great heat of the fire in the imu withered the little life that was still left from the famine. Meanwhile, Hina Keahi was carrying out her plan for securing aid for her people. She could not be injured by the heat, for she was a goddess of fire. The waves of heat raged around her as she sank down through the stones of the imu into • the underground paths which belonged to the spirit world. He Wahi Mo'olefo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponshawai at Hilo 16 (HiPonaha78-051203) The legend says that Hina made her appearance in the form of a gushing stream of water which would always supply the wants of her adherents. The second day [page 28] passed. Hina was still journeying underground, but this time she came to the surface as a pool named Moe-waa (Canoe Sleep), much nearer the sea. The third day carne and Hina caused a great spring of sweet water to burst forth from the seashore in the very path of the ocean surf. This received the name of Auauwai. Here Hina washed away all traces of her journey through the depths. This was the last of the series of earthquakes and the appearance of new water springs. The people waited, feeling that some more wonderful event must follow the remarkable experience of the three days. Soon a woman stood by the imu, who commanded the laborers to dig away the dirt and remove the mats. When this was done, the hungry people found a very great abundance of food, enough to supply their wants until the food plants should have time to ripen and the days of the famine should be over. The joy of the people was great when they knew that their chiefess had escaped death and would still dwell among them in comfort. Many were the songs sung and stories told about the great famine and the success of the goddess of fire. The second sister, Hina Kuluua, the goddess of rain, was always very jealous of her beautiful sister Hina Keahi, and many times sent rain to put out fires which her sister tried to kindle. Hina Keahi could not stand the rain and so fled with her people to a home by the seaside. - Hina Kuluua could control rain and storms, but for some reason failed to provide a food supply for her people, and the famine wrought havoc among them. She thought of the stories told and songs sung about her sister, and wished for the same honor for herself. She commanded her people to make a great imu for her in the hill Puu Hong. She knew that a strange power belonged to her and yet, blinded by jealousy, forgot that rain and fire could not work together. She planned to furnish a [page 29] great supply of food for her people in the same Way in which her sister had worked. The oven was dug. Stones and wood were collected and the same ghostly array of potatoes, taro, pig and dog prepared as had been done before by her sister. The kahunas or priests knew that Hina Kuluua was going out of her province in trying to do as her sister had done, but there was no use in attempting to change her plans. Jealousy is self-willed and obstinate, and no amount of reasoning from her dependents could have any influence over her. The ordinary incantations were observed, and Hina Kuluua gave the same directions as those her sister had given. The imu was to be well heated. The make-believe food was to be put in and a place left for her body. It was the goddess of rain making ready to lie down on a bed prepared for the goddess of fire. When all was ready, she lay down on the heated stones and the oven mats were thrown over her and the ghostly provisions. Then the covering of dirt was He Wahl Waldo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 17 (HiPonaha78-051203) • • thrown back upon the mats and heated stones, filling the pit which had been dug. The goddess of rain was left to prepare a feast for her people as the goddess of fire had done for her followers. • Some of the legends have introduced the demi-god Maui Into this story. The natives say that Maui came to "bum or cook the rain" and that he made the oven very hot, but that the goddess of rain escaped and hung over the hill in the form of a cloud. At least this is what the people saw — not a cloud of smoke over the imu, but a rain cloud. They waited and watched for such evidences of underground labor as attended the passage of Hina Keahi through the earth from the hill to the sea, but the only strange appearance was the dark rain cloud. They waited three days and looked for their chiefess to come in the form of a woman. They waited another day and still another, and no signs or wonders were manifest. Meanwhile, Maui, changing himself into a white bird, flew up into the sky to catch the ghost of the goddess of [page 30] rain that had escaped from the burning oven. Having caught this spirit, he rolled it in some kapa cloth that he kept for food to be placed in an oven, and carried it to a place in the forest on the mountainside, where again the attempt was made to "bum the rain"; but a great drop escaped and sped upward into the sky. Again Maui caught the ghost of the goddess and carried it to a pall or precipice below the great volcano Kilauea, where he again tried to destroy it in the heat of a great lava oven. But this time the spirit escaped and found a safe refuge among kukui trees on the mountainside, from which she sometimes rises in clouds that the natives say are the sure sign of rain. • The ghosts of Hina Keahi and Hina Kuluua sometimes draw near to the old hills in the form of the fire of flowing lava or clouds of rain, while the old men and women tell the story of the Hinas, the sisters of Maui, who were laid upon the burning stones of the imus of a famine. [Westervelt 1987:31] While Theodore Kelsey was working with kopuna of Hilo (1921), they shared with him descriptions the Ponahawai-Punahoa landscape that were of cultural and historical importance. Among their.stories was that of Hina-a-ke-ahi and Hina-kulu-ua, similar to that above. They also told him of an important event that took place on a small hill above Hala'i in 1881. Though late in the history of these lands, this event was one that stood our in the native mind as being of great importance to the well-being of Hilo. In a series of letters from Kelsey to Thomas Thrum (in the collection of Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum), Kelsey wrote of the famed hills of Hala'i, Pu'u Honu and Pu'u o Kamali'i, the latter being the hill to which Princess Ruth Ke'elikolani (Governess of Hawai'i) went in August of 1881, when she personally asked Pale to spare Hilo from the Mauna Loa lava flow of 1881. Kelseys' letters on this matter include the following observations: June 16, 1921 ...Ben Brown W gave me the meanings of the names of the hills back of Hilo. • Z The Brown line descends from Benjamin Pitman and his chiefess wife, Kinoole (daughter of Ho'olulu and Halaki); coming from the line of Mo'oheau (k), one of the four children of Pitman and Kinoole. He Wahl Moblelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponehawaf at Hilo 18 (HlPonaha78-051203) Ahi, after she had relieved their famine by placing her body in the imu to create food for them. She went under ground appearing at two or three springs called Hina Auau Wai, and finally came walking up from the sea. Puu Honu is named after the rain sister. Hina a ka Ua, who was baked in her unsuccessful attempt to imitate Hina a ke AN. Hina a ka Ua only crawled about like a tortoise, never getting anywhere—nee wale iho no i kauhale [moving about only in her dwelling]. Prayed for the lava flow to stop, the hill has often been called Puu Alii Hill]... [BPBM Vol. 1:9301 Based Kelsey and his informants references to known locations—Hala'i and Pu'u Honu also being identified on historic maps—Pu'u o Kamali'i (Hill of the Children — perhaps referring to the children of Hina), or Pu'u Alii (Royal Hill) would apparently be the middle hill, as there is no other hill in the vicinity. Another reference to. the trip of Princes Ruth Ke'elikolani ("Luka") to the hills above Hilo, is given later in this study, in the letters of Sarah Joiner Lyman (1992), wife of Reverend D.B. Lyman, who lived in Punahoa from 1832 to 1885. Also among the notes of Kelsey are the following references to: Places of Legendary and Historic Interest Hilo. Haili with a long -drawn a, is the name of a well-known Hawaiian church in Hilo, timbers for which were obtained from Hailkkula-manu, a little below 8 camp Waiakea, on the Puna side... As the names of important places especially commemorate great chiefs and chiefesses of the past, it may be assumed that this name Wai-a-Kea (Water used by Kea), commemorates that same great ancestor of the Hawaiian race as does Hawaii's majestic snow -crowned mountain of Mauna Kea. A former native expert interpreted Heili-kula-manu as Alighting place of the Birds [in other notes, we find that Rev. H.B. Nalimu^ and James lokepa provided Kelsey with this interpretation]... 2 Jos. Nawahi's property was situated at the comer of the present-day Ponahawai and Kaprolani Street Intersection (mauka-Wailuku side of street). Based on this description, the holua and pu'u feature would be near the Ponahawai-Punahoa boundary; the upper part near Komohana Street, and the lower section near Kapi'olani Street (the former School Street). Kelsey later recorded notes from Mrs. Kaouli Pahi o, that Princess Ruth Ke'elikolani's home in Hilo, was called. Waialeale, and was situated at the makai end of Pi opi'o Street (T. Kelsey Notes — from collection of J. Gutmanis). The rich ponds of the Pi'opi'o and larger Waiakea coastal lands, being threatened by the flows, would have been lost had Pele continued her journey to Hilo Town. Kelsey's notes report that Henry B. Nalimu was bom at Papa'aloa in 1835, and that he was a descendant of the chief 1, who was credited with construction of the famed 'auwai of Punahoa and Pi'ihonua (r. Kelsey Notes — from collection of J. Gutmanis).. He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates AHistorlcalOverview ofPonahawai atHilo 19 (HiPonaha78-051203) • • breaking, answered back, "Noho mailde ka ua o Hft elua wale no maua." (Keep quiet rain of Hilo, there are only two of us), lived on the Puna side of [what is nowt the Home-lani Cemetery at Ponahawai (forest clearing containing water). • Kanuha meant that only himself and Gov. Kuakini in Kona were in authority, so that Rev. Coan would have to wait until they were out of the way before he gave directions. It is said that Rev. Coan laid a curse upon Kanuha so that today not one of his descendants survives. Anecdote from Rev. Desha... One of the important features on the cultural landscape in Punahoa and Pi'ihonua, with later sections constructed through Ponahawai, is the 'auwai that transported water across the lands of Punahoa and Pi'ihonua. Kelsey's aged informant, Reverend Henry B. Nallmu, who was born in Hilo in 1835, shared with him his recollections of the water channel of 'T and other features associated with the chief. flow into the sea near at the foot of Waianuenue St. near the old P.O. Ihalau, the great long house of I, was mauka of Waiakea, near Pooholua and mauka of that place. Rev. Nalimu has only heard of the place. He thinks that it is in the forest. When the occupants of Ihalau finished a meal they slammed the covers down onto their calabashes in unison so that the report could be heard at Iko'a, the fishing -grounds of I where he fished for ahi. The location of this ko`a was obtained by bringing into line the coconuts of Papal and the Cape of Anapuka (ka lae o Anapuka) on the Puna side, and on the Hilo side, the • coconuts of Kau Maui (near Keaukaha), and the cape of Kiha... [Kelsey notes, 1921; in collection of June Gutmanis] Another reference to the location of 'T 'auwai is found in Kelsey's' notes, in association with the place names Kano-kapa and Pali-iki, extending from the boundary of Punahoa and across the land of Pi'ihonua: Kano-kapa (to hold. up tapas with the forearm while swimming the river) extends from Pi'i-lani (the site of the lighthouse at the foot of Wai-anuenue St.) to the river bank, and upland to the former ditch 'Auwai o `Wauwai. From there it extended down to Richardson's Lumber Yard that extended to the boundary of the lands of Pi'i-honua and Puna-hoa, to the little ledge (ka`e pad) of Pali-iki in the land of Pi'ihnoua. Pali-iki became the property of Cecil Brown (Kikila) of the family of Mo'o-he-au, son. of Pitman (Pikimana) by his wife Kino-'ole... [Kelsey notes, 1921; in collection of June Gutmanis] One additional note from Kelsey reported that the aged Mrs. Ka-'ouli Pahi'o, told him the fishpond of Hauna on the sand -shore of Ponahawai-Punahoa (see Mahele and Boundary Commission descriptions) was previously known as Hanauna. The pond formerly situated behind the Hata Store (Kelsey notes, 1921; in collection of June Gutmanis). s Kanuha was the father of Kapahukula, one of the applicants for several parcels of land in Ponahawai. • Testimonies from Land Commission Awards No. 1709 and 5705 (cited in this study) document the nature of the claims and their subsequent denial of award. Kapahukula's final award recorded under Land Commission Award No. 234 B. was for one-half acre of land in the ahupua'a of Kukuau. He Wahi hlo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 20 (HiPonaha78-051203) The `Alae Birds of Pohakunui Another of the traditional accounts, which by association with the goddess Hina and her son Maui, dates to the period of early Hawaiian settlement was recorded by W.D. Westervelt (1910). While retelling the legend of how Maui secured the knowledge of making fire from the 'alae (Hawaiian Gallinule), a tradition generally set on the island of Maui, Westervelt • included a brief version of the story from Hilo. The account is one that is shared with various locations throughout the Hawaiian Islands, and through greater Polynesia, and describes the contest between Maui and the 'alae guardians of the secret of making fire. Westervelt's story is set at the "Halae Hills" behind Hilo, and includes another name for one of the three hills in this series of volcanic cones. The name of this hill is "Pohaku-nui," and it was the home of two bird -god brothers, one of whom possessed the secret of fire: Another Hawaiian legend places the scene of Maui's contest with the mud -hens a little inland of the town of Hilo on the Island of Hawaii. There are three small birds of the Alae family. They were gods. One had the power of fire making. Here at Pohaku-nui they were accustomed to kindle a fire and bake their dearly loved food—baked bananas. Here Maui planned to learn the secret of fire. The birds had kindled the fire and the bananas were almost done, when the elder Alae called to the younger: "Be quick, here comes the swift son of Hina." The birds scratched out the fire, caught the bananas and fled. Maui told his mother he would follow them until he learned the secret of fire. His mother encouraged him because he was very strong and very [page 64] swift. So he followed the birds from place to place as they fled from him, finding new spots on which to make their fires. At last they came to Waianae on the island Oahu. There he saw • a great fire and_ a multitude of birds gathered around it, chattering loudly and trying to hasten the baking of the bananas. Their incantation was this: "Let us cook quick." "Let us cook quick." "The swift child of Hina will come." Maui's mother Hina had taught him how to know the fire -maker. "If you go up to the fire, you will find many birds. Only one is the guardian. This is the small, young Alae. His name is Alae-iki: Only this one knows how to make fire." So whenever Maui came near to the fire -makers he always sought for the little Alae. Sometimes he made mistakes and sometimes almost captured the one he desired. At Waianae he leaped suddenly among the birds. They scattered the fire, and the younger bird tried to snatch his banana from the coals and flee, but Maui seized him and began to twist his neck. The bird cried out, warning Maui not to kill him or he would lose the secret of fire altogether. Maui was told that the fire was made from a banana stump. He saw the bananas roasting and thought this was reasonable. So, according to directions, he began to rub together pieces of the banana. The bird hoped for an unguarded moment when - he might es- [page 651 cape, but Maui was very watchful and was also very angry when he found that rubbing only resulted in squeezing out juice. Then he twisted the neck of the bird and was told to rub the stem of the taro plant. This also was so green that it only produced water. Then he was so angry that he nearly rubbed the head of the bird off—and the bird, fearing for its life, told the truth and taught Maui how to find the wood in which fire dwelt. • He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 21 (HiPonaha78-051203) •They learned to draw out the sparks secreted in different kinds of trees. The sweet sandalwood was one of these fire trees. Its Hawaiian name is "llf-ahr — the "ili" (bark) and "ahr (fire), the bark in which fire is concealed... [Westervelt 1910:66] The introduction of the place name Pohakunui (literally, Big -stone) to one of the hills is an interesting factor. Wolforth (1999) noted that there was some confusion on this matter, and suggested possible reasons for it. we note here, that Westervelt, as published in 1910 wrote "One, the southern or Puna side of the hills, is a place called Pohaku-nui" (Westervelt 1910:64). This writer posits that the well established use of Pu'u Honu and Hala'i precludes this name being either of those hills, and that if the sentence as published is correct, it would have to refer to. the "middle" hill. It may also be possible that the sentence should have originally read, "On the southern or Puna side of the hills, is a place called Pohaku- nui." If this is the case, there are possibly four names that might be applied to this little hill— 'Ope'ape'a, Pu'u o Kamali'i, Pu'u Alii, and Pohakunui. A part of the basis for this line of thought is that while none of these names appear on historical maps, the names -of Hala'i and Pu'u Honu have remained fairly consistent in their use and locational references since the early 1800s. Ponahawai and Punahoa: Chiefly Associations and Early Residents of the Land One tradition of the Punahoa-Kaumana vicinity, names the chief and chiefess of Hilo and describes the early practice of traveling to the uplands of KaOmana, to cultivate the land for - food crops. This account (Fomander Volume IV, 1916) names Ku and Hina—a recurring •figure in traditions of the land—as the early rulers of the region, and presents the information in the following introductory paragraphs of the "Legend of Kapuaokaolehloai:" Ku was the father and Hina' was the mother. They had two children, Hookaakaaikapakaakaua' a son, and Kapuaokaoheloai' a daughter. Waiakea in Hilo is the country where these people lived. The brother was the first born and the sister the last. These people were of high chief rank of Hilo. These two children were brought up without knowing that they were brother and sister. They never saw each other although they lived in the same house. The brother had a male attendant and the sister a female attendant... This manner of living was maintained for twenty years, without their seeing one another. One day the Punahoa to do farm work. After the departure of the attendants in the early morning, Kapuaokaoheloai arose and walked out of doors. Upon looking back at the house she saw a bright light within; so she again entered the house and began a search and found a door, which she opened. As she walked in she saw a red object lying on a bed. She removed the tape from the face and saw a very handsome young man... [Fomander 1916 IV:540] This is the only reference to Punahoa (with none for Ponahawai), in the Fomander collection. AdhAnother Ku and Hina contribution; the favorites of story writers. Hoo-kaa-kaa-i-ka-paka-ua, literally"to roll, or rolling in the rain drops." Ka-puao-ka-ohelo-ai, literally "the blossom of the eatable ohelo" (berry). (Vaccinum reticulatum.) He Wahl MoVelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 22 (HiPonaha78-031203) Among the earliest recorded traditions associated with lands of the Hilo One vicinity, are those penned by native historians, Samuel Mfinaiakalani Kamakau (1961) and John Papa I'i (1959). The events described, date from 1773 to 1797, and relate to the chiefs of Maui, Oahu, and Hawai'i. Kamakau (1961) told of an event in which attendants of the. chief Kahekili of Maui, came to Hawai'i, in search of feather adornments. The feathers were collected in the lands above Ponahawai, in the forests of Punahoa and Pi'ihonua. Interestingly, in this account, is found the name, Keawe-hano (Keawehano), a chief of the Hilo region. In 1848, seventy-five years after the events described below, we find a descendent of Keawehano, who still bore the name, was a resident of Ponahawai, and applicant-awardee of land in the Mahele 'dina'. Regarding Keawe-hano, and the practice of collecting feathers in the uplands, Kamakau reported: ...Ka-pohu and Ka-'akakai went to Hawaii after feather capes and bird feathers in order to gain admission to 'Umi-hale. They landed in Kohala and Ka-'akakai went by way of Hamakua to Hilo and became friendly with Keawe-hano, the chief of Hilo. As for Ka-pohu, he went around by Kona, Ka -'u, Puna, and finally reached Hilo and there heard in some native villages that a man from Maui had become a friend of Keawe-hano and had obtained a feather cape from him. Keawe-hano's houses were situated on the beach at Punah6a, close to Pi'ihonua and facing the waves of Huia and Hikanui. Ka-pohu went along outside the fence of Keawe-hano's place and saw Ka-'akakai sitting with Keawe-hano at the threshold of the house, both wearing feather capes on their shoulders, feather necklaces about their necks, and helmets on their heads. Now when Ka-'akakai saw Ka-pohu standing outside the fence, he scowled, took up as much room as possible, and left no room in the doorway. Ka-pohu, observing their splendid apparel, chanted these words: Po Ka'ula i ka hulu o ka manu, Ke nonoi a'e la ka hulu o ka manu I komo Yoko ua i Poli - e. Ka'ula is darkened by the feathers of the birds, The feathered birds are appealing to the rain to fall at Poli. As soon as Keawe-hano heard these words chanted, he brushed Ka-'akakai aside and looked out. Then Ka-pohu went on boldly chanting: Ku pololei ka 'opua ua malie A ka luna aku i Maunalahilahi, Eia la! 0kai`aakeakuala Ua lahilahi wale. The hanging clouds stand erect; it is calm On the upland of Maunalahilahi, Lo, here it isl The fish of the god Is thin. Keawe-hano heard the words and called out to Ka-pohu, "Come into the housel There is food and fish in here." As Ka-oohu entered he chanted: ' Keawehano— see Land Commission Award HOW 1334 in this study. He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview o1 Ponahawal at Hilo 23 (HlPonaha78-051203) • • 0 • E A Kahuku i Ola'a, Ka uka i Pana ewa, Ka uka o Haiti, Kapili manu e, Kawili manu e, Ko/olio manu e, Wiliwili manu e, O ka hulu o ka manu. Ahu'ula mai no, Mahiole mai no. Hulikua mai no. From Kahuku to Ola'a [I have traveled], To the uplands of Pana'ewa, To the uplands of Haiti, To catch birds with lime, To catch birds with snares, To catch birds with lines, To twist the necks of birds, For their feathers. [Give me] a feather cape, [Give me] a feather helmet, [Give me] a feather necklace. To these words Keawe-hano responded, "Here is your feather necklace, here is your feather helmet, but the cape you two shall sharel" No sooner had he uttered the word share (mahele) than Ka-pohu reached for a comer of the feather cape that Ka-'akakai was wearing and drew it over his own shoulders, leaving Ka- 'akakai without any. In that short space of time Ka-pohu had gained the friendship of Keawe-hano. He turned to Keawe-hano and said, 81 have two masters, Ka-hekili and Ka-hahana. If your lord goes to war against my two lords, should my lords be victorious over yours I will preserve your life that day° (o 'oe ka'u ola nui is la). Keawe-hano made the same promise to Ka-pohu, and both agreed to abide by their vow... [Kamakau 1961:130-131] Following the death of Kalani'dpu'u, king of Hawai'i, in 1782, the island was to have been ruled by KTwala'6, Kalani'dpu'u's son, while the gods and heiau were to be cared for by Kamehameha I. Disagreements arose over the division and redistribution of lands. Kamakau (1961) referenced Ponahawai—giving it a place .of importance in the history and value of the land—in his description of the events that occurred: Keoua Kuahu 'ula heard that the land was being divided. He was a twin son of Ka-lani 'opu'u, his twin brother being Keoua Pe'e-'ale... That day about nine o'clock he came to the ruling chief, Kiwala'o, and said, "Are Ola'a and Kea'au ours?" The chief answered, "They have been given away; they are not ours." "How about Waiakea and Ponahawai?" "They have been given away: they are not ours." "Waipi'o and Waimea are ours?" "They are not ours; they have been given away." "Pololu and Makapala are ours?" "They have been given away; they are not ours." "The two Napu'u and the two Honokahau are ours?" "They have been given away; they are not ours.' "Kahalu'u then, and the two Keauhou?" "They have been given away; they are not ours." `Then I am to have nothing in this division?" "You and I are left without land in this division. Our uncle has taken it... [Kamakau 1961:119-120] Shortly after the division occurred, Kiwala'd was killed at Moku'dhai, South Kona. John Papa I'i records that while the division of land was being discussed, the neighboring land of WaiAkea was likened to a food container (11 1973:14); a symbolic reference to the agricultural and fishpond resources of the lands of Hilo One. Following Kiwala'd's death, the island was basically controlled by three individuals, two cousins and their uncle. Keawemauhili the sacred half-brother of Kalani'dpu'u, resided in the Punahoa-Waiakea He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 24 Kumu Pono Associates (HiPonaha7"51203) section of Hilo District, and controlled the districts of Hilo and HAmAkua. Keoua-kO'ahu'ula (son of Kalani'opu'u) resided in Ka'0, while Kamehameha I, also a nephew of Keawemauhili's and cousin of Keoua, controlled Kohala and Kona. In about 1790, a dispute arose between Keawemauhili and his nephew Kebua, and Keoua attacked and killed Keawemauhili. Kamakau reports that Keoua divided the lands of Hilo District between his chiefs and warriors, and 'the fat Mullet of Waiakea and Pi'ooi'o became theirs" (Kamakau 1969:152). In 1791, Keoua was himself killed, and Kamehameha I in turn, claimed Pi'ihonua, Punahoa, and Waiakea as his personal land holdings in Hilo One. Liholiho (Kamehameha II) himself, was bom while his father and mother were in residence in the Punahoa section of Hilo in 1797 (Kamakau 1961:260). I/: Observations of Foreign Visitors and Residents (1823-1893) "The Journal of William Ellis" (1823) In 1823, British missionary William Ellis and members of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (A.B.C.F.M.) toured the island of Hawai'i seeking out primary community in which to establish church centers for the growing Calvinist mission. The writings of Ellis and his companions (Ellis 1963) offer readers a glimpse into the nature of communities, agricultural fields, and natural landscape around the island. The selected narratives below, provide readers with specific descriptions of lands situated on Hilo Bay, Reverend Bishop (in Ellis 1963) journeyed from Waiakea to Kea'au and reported: ...The country was populous, but the houses stood singly, or in small clusters, generally on plantations, which were scattered over the whole country. Grass and herbage were abundant, vegetation in many places luxuriant, and the soil, though shallow, was light and fertile (Ellis 1963:212). On the return journey from Kea'au (Kaau) to Waiakea, it was reported: ...At half -past ten we resumed our walk, and passing about two miles through a wood of pretty large timber, came to open country in the vicinity of Waiakea. At one p.m. we reached the house of the chief Maaro, the chief, who, though very ill, was glad to see us. [Ellis 1961:2131 In Hilo, the party was under the care of the chief Ma'alo (written Maaro), Ellis and companions offer the following narratives, describing the land there about and activities of the people, among which included hundreds of residents being required to go to the mountains above, and gather sandalwood for their chiefs: Natives Collecting Sandal Wood ...we overtook Maaro, the chief of Waiakea, and three of four hundred people, returning with sandal wood, which they had been cutting in the mountains. Each man carried two or three pieces, from four to six feet long, and about three inches in diameter. [Ellis 1963:214] The bark and sap had been chipped off with small adzes, and the wood appeared lighter in colour than what is usually sold at Oahu, probably from its having been but recently cut down.... Although a plant of slow growth, it is found in abundance in all the mountainous parts of the He Wahi Wolelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 25 (4iPonaha78-051203) • • • Sandwich Islands, and is cut in great quantities by the natives, as it constitutes • their primary article of exportation. It is brought down to the beach in pieces from a foot to eighteen inches in diameter, and six or eight feet long, to small sticks not more than an inch thick and a foot and a half long. It is sold by weight, and the merchants, who exchange for it articles of European or Chinese manufacture, take it to the Canton market, where it is bought by the Chinese for the purpose of preparing incense to bum in their idol temples. Hilo a Rainy District ...Dense fogs and heavy rains are more frequent at Waiakea, and over the whole division of Hiro, than in any other part of the island... [Ellis 1963:215]. Discussions with Maaro, Chief of Waiakea ...Leaving Maaro, we returned through a highly cultivated part of the district. Everything in nature was lovely, and the landscape around awakened emotions... We were highly gratified with the fertility of the soil, and the luxuriance of the verdure... [Ellis 1963:2221 Ellis commented on the dwellings of the natives of Hilo, and records that certain materials for construction were collected from the uplands: Status of the Natives Compared with Society Islanders • The houses of the natives who we had visited today, like most in this part of the island, where the pandanus is abundant, were covered with the leaves of this plant, which, though it requires more labour in thatching, makes the most durable dwellings. The inhabitants of Waiakea are peculiarly favoured in having woods producing timber, such as they use for building within three or four miles of their settlement, while the natives in most parts of the islands have to fetch it from much greater distance... ...There is also less variety in the form of the Sandwich Island dwellings, which are chiefly of two kinds, viz. the hale noho (dwelling house), or halau (a long building), nearly open at one end, and, though thatched with different materials, they are all framed in nearly the same way. They begin to build a house by planting in the ground a number of posts, six or eight inches in diameter, in a row, about three or four feet apart, which are to support one side of the house. When these are fixed in a straight line, they erect a parallel row, to form the opposite side.., [Ellis 1963:224] Superstitions Connected With House Building -How Furnished While idolatry existed, a number of superstitious ceremonies were performed, before they could occupy their houses. Offerings were made to the gods, and presents to the priest, who entered the house, uttered prayers, went through other ceremonies, and slept in it before the owner took possession, in order to • prevent evil spirits from resorting to it, and to secure its inmates from the effects of incantation. He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 26 (HiPonaha78-051203) When the house was finished, it was soon furnished. A sleeping mat spread on the ground, and a wooden pillow, a wicker basket or two to keep their tapa or native cloth in, a few calabashes for water and poe [pot], and some wooden dishes, of various size and shape, together with a haka, were all they required. This latter article was sometimes like a stand used by us for hanging hats and coats on. It was often made with care, and carved, but more frequently it was a small arm of a tree, with a number of branches attached to it. These were cut off within a foot of the main stem, which was planted in some convenient part of the house, and upon these natural pegs they used to hang their calabashes, and other vessels containing food... [Ellis 1963:228] Ellis reported that the Wailuku River was at times a place a great activity, in the exchange of goods between various districts of the island. He also reported that a toll had been levied for easy access across the river: Toll Charged For Crossing Wailuku River Returning from Pueo [Pu'ueo], I visited Wairuku, a beautiful stream of water flowing rapidly over a rocky bed, with frequent falls, and many places eligible for the erection of water -mills of almost any description. Makoa and the natives pointed out a square rock in the middle of the stream, on which, during the reign of Tamehameha, and former kings, a toll used to be paid by every traveller who passed over the river. Whenever anyone approached the stream, he stood on the brink, and called to the collector of the toll, who resided on the opposite side. He came down with a broad piece of board, which he placed on the rock above mentioned. Those who wished to cross met him there, and deposited on the board whatever articles had been brought; and if satisfactory, the person was allowed to pass the river. It did not appear that any uniform toll was required; the amount, or value, being generally left to the collector. The natives said it was principally regulated by the rank or number of those who passed over. In order the better to accommodate passengers, all kinds of permanently valuable articles were received. Some paid in native tapa and mats, or baskets, others paid a hog, a dog, some fowls, a roll of tobacco, or a quantity of dried salt fish. Market Fairs Held at Hilo The river of Wairuku was also distinguished by the markets or fairs held at stated periods on its banks. At those times the people of Puna, [Ellis 1963:229] and the desolate shores of Kau, even from the south point of the island, brought mats, and mamake tapa, which is a remarkably strong black or brown native Goth, for the manufacture of which the inhabitants of Ora ['Ola'a], and some of the inland parts of Puna, are celebrated throughout the whole group of the Sandwich Islands. It is made of a variety of the morus papyrifera, which grows spontaneously in those parts. These, together with vast quantities of dried salt fish, were ranged along on the south side of the ravine. He Wahl Mo'oleto no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 27 (HiPonaha78-051203) • • CJ • The people of Hiro and Hamakua, as far as the north point, brought hogs, tobacco, taps of various kinds, large mats made'of the pandanus leaves, and bundles of ai pa [`ai pa`a] which were collected on the north bank. Ai psi, (hard food). A kind of food made of baked taro, pounded together without water. When properly prepared, it is wrapped in green ti leaves, and tied up in bundles containing from twenty to forty pounds each; in this state it will remain several months without injury. From bank to bank the traders shouted to each other, and arranged the preliminaries of their bargains. From thence the articles were taken down to the before -mentioned rock in the middle of the stream, which in this place is almost covered with large stones. Here they were examined by the parties immediately concerned, in the presence of the collectors, who stood on each side of the rock, and were the general arbiters, in the event of any disputes arising. To them also was committed the preservation of good order during the fair, and they, of course, received a suitable remuneration from the different parties. On the above occasions, the banks of the Wairuku must often have presented an interesting scene, in the bustle of which these clerks of the market must have had no inconsiderable share. According to the account of the natives, this institution was in force till the accession of Rihoriho, the late king, since which time it has been abolished. • In the afternoon I called on Maaro, and found him very ill, and averse to conversation. His wives sat in the same room playing at cards, and apparently too intent on their game to be easily diverted. [Ellis 1963:230] At one point, while Ma'alo was ill, Ellis found that he had traveled a mile and a half inland to stay at a house there, all around which had been set ti leaves (Ellis 1963:236). This is a significant statement, as it tells us that a chiefs' dwelling, and presumably the retainers and resources to support such a residence were situated in the upland region. Also describing the streams of Hilo, Ellis referenced Wailuku, Waiekea, and Waiolama (Wairama). The latter stream is fed in part by the Alanaio Stream which along part of its course, serves as the boundary between Ponahawai and Kukuau. These streams and associated springs, sustained fishponds and cultivation across the landscape of Hilo One. Rivers Emptying into Bay There are three streams of fresh water, which empty themselves into the bay. One on the western angle is called Wailuku. It rises near the summit of Mouna- Kea, and, after taking a circuitous course for several miles, runs rapidly into the seas. Two others, called Wairama and Waiakea, rise in springs, boiling up through the hollows of the lava, at a short distance from the shore, fill several large fish- ponds, and afterwards empty themselves into the sea. Waiakea, on the eastern side of the bay is tolerably deep, and is navigated by canoes and boats some distance inland. He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 28 (HiPonaha78-051203) Products of Wafakea The face of the country in the vicinity of Waiakea is the most beautiful we have yet seen, which is probably occasioned by the humidity of the atmosphere, the frequent rains that fall here, and the long repose which the district has experienced from volcanic eruptions. The light fertile soil is formed by decomposed lava, with a considerable portion of vegetable mould. The whole is covered with luxuriant vegetation, and the greater part of it formed into plantations, where plantains, bananas, sugar -cane, taro, potatoes, and melons, grow to the greatest perfection. Groves of Cocoa -nut and breadfruit trees are seen in every direction loaded with fruit, or clothed with umbrageous foliage. The houses are mostly larger and better built than those of many districts through which we had passed. We thought the people generally industrious; for in several of the less fertile parts of the district we saw small pieces of lava thrown into heaps, and potato vines growing very well in the midst of them, though we could scarcely perceive a particle of soil. [Ellis 1963:239] There are plenty of ducks in the ponds and streams, at a short distance from the sea, and several large ponds or lakes literally swarm with fish, principally of the mullet kind. The fish in these ponds belong to the king and chiefs, and are tabued to the common people. Along the stone walls which partly encircle these ponds, we saw a number of small huts, where the persons reside who have the care of the fish, and are obliged frequently to feed them with a small kind of mussel, which they procure in the sands round the bay. The district of Waiakea, though it does not include more than half the bay, is yet extensive. Kukuwau [Kukuau] in the middle of the bay is its western boundary,. from which, passing along the eastern side, it extends ten or twelve miles towards Kaau [Kea'au], the last district in the division of Puna. Recommended as a Mission Station Taking every circumstance into consideration, this appears a.most eligible spot for a missionary station. The fertility of the soil, the abundance of fresh water, the convenience of the harbour, the dense population, and the favourable reception we have met with, all combine to give it a stronger claim to immediate attention than any other place we have yet seen, except Kairua. There are 400 houses in the bay, and probably not less than 2000 inhabitants, who would be immediately in the operations of a missionary station here, besides the populous places to the north and south, that might be occasionally visited by itinerant preachers from Waiakea... [Ellis 1963: 240] • E Within the year following the visit of Ellis and the members of the A.B.C.F.M., a church was established, and by mid 1825, school was being attended by native students. The school evolved into the Hilo Boarding School that was situated in the lands of Punahoa and • Ponahawai for nearly 100 years. He Wahi Mo'otelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 29 (HlPonaha78-051403) Hilo and Environs Described in 1825 In 1824, Liholiho (Kamehameha 11), who had been born at Punahoa, his wife, Kamamalu, and a group of retainers and foreign advisors, traveled from Hawaii to England. Liholiho and his wife died there, and in May of 1825, their bodies were returned to Hawai'i by Lord Byron (Stewart 1970:338). While preparing for the return voyage to England, Lord Byron Wad the H.M.S. Blonde port in Hilo Bay for refitting. Several. of the visitors recorded descriptions of Hilo during this visit. One, by the American missionary, C.S. Stewart (1970), who accompanied Byron in Hawai'i, provides additional details on the nature of the land— dwellings, plantations, and population --shoreward and mauka of the Waiakea Bay. Upon departing from the ship, and taking up residence at the mission station in Punahoa, Stewart reported: Is Mission House, Hido, Monday, June 13. Yesterday morning, at the break of day, we were farther from the harbour of Waiakea than we had the evening before expected to be... [Stewart 1970:360] ...As we approached the land after church. richly mantled with shrubbery and creeping plants, and ornamented with several beautiful cascades. These in connection with the breakers which ran high upon the rocks, often dashing their spray many feet in the air, gave the cliff an uncommonly picturesque appearance. The land rose gradually from the cliff, to The mountains were entirely covered with clouds, or the prospect would have been rendered more delightful from their sublimity. Such was the scene on our right, as [Stewart 1970:361] we sailed close along the breakers to the narrow channel forming the entrance to the harbour, the gentlemen of the Blonde exclaiming "This is more like English scenery than any thing we have yet seen!" and we equally ready to say, `This looks something like America, it has some of the features of a civilized land!" pandanus and tutui, or candle -tree, the hibiscus and the acacia. &c. The tops [Stewart 1970:3621 of these rising gradually one above another, as the country thirty miles in the south-east. a delightful forest scene, totally different in extent from any thing 1 had before witnessed on the Islands... He Wehi Mo`olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 30 (HlPonaha78-051203) ...After rowing half a mile, we entered a beautiful fresh -water creek [Wa!olamal, which winds its way close to the Missionary enclosure, and in a few minutes were welcomed to the cottage of Mr. Ruggles, where Mrs. Goodrich had resided during her husband's absence... Tuesday, 14. ...This afternoon I ioined Lord Byron and party in a [Stewart • 1970:364) visit to a large fish -pond, of which the creek or river is the outlet. It is a pretty sheet of water in its natural state, excepting strong _stone dams, to prevent the escape of the fish. These are tabu to all but high chiefs; and no one of rank having lived here lately, the whole pond is literally alive with the finest of mullet; the surface of the water is almost in a constant ripple from their motions: and hundreds can be taken at any time by a single cast of a small net. Expressing our astonishment at the sight, Sir Joseph Banks, who. from understanding and speaking some English, has been appointed by her maiesty interpreter, caterer, gentleman in waiting, &c. to Lord Byron, very seriously says, "O dis noting, sir— noting—I see him before now:—he so full fish. I see one man, he fall backwards in him he no sink at all!" After satisfying our curiosity here, we rowed down the creek and across the bay, to another stream on the western side of the harbour, called Wairuku—river of destruction—where the ships get their water... [Stewart 1970:3651 The inhabitants of Hido are in a state of much greater simplicity than those in many other parts of the Islands, owing to the infrequency of the visits of ships, and a less degree of the corrupting influence of foreign example in vice... We passed near the chapel on our return. It stands almost midway between the Mission House and the watering place, close to the beach, and although small, is well built, and neatly thatched. The thatching of the houses in general, here, is • altogether more neat and beautiful than at the leeward islands. It is made from the leaves of the pandanus, and so put on as to conceal [Stewart 1970:3661 all the rudeness of the timber and sticks on the inside; while on the outside, a deep edging of fern, along the peak and ends of the roof, and down the corners of the house; having something of the effect of the cornice and pilaster, give a finished and ornamental appearance, not seen in the common grass huts. The ease with which stout timber can be procured here, enables them also to build their dwellings much larger than at Lahaina and Oahu, where the wood most accessible is small and crooked... [Stewart 1970:3671 Another visitor at the time, was Robert Dampier, a member of Byron's crew. He too penned his observations of Hilo and environs, and again noted the important resource of the fishponds, and verdure of the land (Dampier 1971). The fishponds, villages and planting fields between Waiakea and Wailuku River, up to Hala'i were depicted on a map during the visit, by C.R. Malden (1825). A portion of that map is reproduced below as Figure 3. Dampier wrote: ...Hido may most appropriately be termed the Valparaiso of the Sandwich Islands. The view from the ship, a panoramic drawing of which I have taken, is peculiarly striking. A native so called. • He Wahl Wolelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 31 (HiPonaha78-051203) I r u A N a # a e R .. .. r —.+,ted r a • s •,_ as •¢ w • r a +,` r+l - " w 4Y� s • r a's-; `.rti • eu� \ ate. Y • r a • Hr : .� • s aj a � x � �� � {1V'" 'b ��' w #� M • Y s a . Figure3. Portion of Map — "Waiakea or Byron Bay" from original by Lt. C.R. Malden, 1825 (Fitzpatrick 1986:65) Depicting Settlement and Land Use Across Waiakea, Kukuau, Ponahawai, Punahoa and Pi`ihonua. • On all sides the most lively verdure prevails, luxuriant breadfruit trees flourish to the water's edge; these are thickly intermingled with towering cocoanut trees; amongst these are scattered the neat looking huts of the natives. In the distance the gigantic forms of Mowna Kaah, & Mowna Roa, rear their towering crests to the clouds; the summits of the former are continually veiled in snow, & the eye, wandering from the sunny landscape below, enjoys a fine contrast when resting on the bleak & snow Capt peaks of the neighbouring mountains. At five on the following morning I rose to go on shore. A sunrise at this place, is the most beautiful thing in nature I ever beheld: the tops of Mowna Kaah, & Mowna Roa, become a complete mass of the most lively crimson, their tints rendered more vivid & brilliant by the cold grey morning mists in which the woods & country at their base are thickly enveloped. I hastened on shore, & was much gratified with my morning's excursion & amusement. We landed at the mouth of a beautiful fresh water stream, which empties itself into the sea, & along whose meandering banks, shaded by cocoanut and breadfruit trees, we pursued our walk until we came to a large reservoir, which had been formed for the purpose of rearing & keeping fish. As we went further into the country, we saw several of these ponds, which we afterwards understood belonged to Kahumanu, who indeed possesses a vast extent of land at Hido. • All these lakes are most plenteously stocked with very fine fish, resembling mullet, which, taken from the neighbouring streams, are [Dampier 1971:53] fed He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 32 (HiPonaha78-051203) & fattened here, & flourish so abundantly, that a native assured me, (I am not prepared to back his veracity by ocular demonstration) that he once tumbled into one of these ponds, and was literally buoyed up by the immense quantity of fish immediately beneath him. Still no Kanaka is allowed to touch them, indeed before our arrival, the two missionaries who are stationed here, could scarcely • ever procure any. For us however, to whom in point of furnishing provisions, they have been at all times abundantly liberal, orders were immediately issued to draw the ponds, & during our stay here we had a constant supply of these excellent fish, daily furnished for our tables. Owing to the woods being uncommonly thick, together with the rugged stratas of Lava, which everywhere abound in this neighbourhood, we were unable to extend our walk very far; we were however altogether amazingly pleased with the appearance of the country, & congratulated ourselves in having so snug a place to refit the ship in. Her rigging underwent in a very short time a thorough overhauling. In the mean time Lord Byron having expressed a wish to Kahumanu that he should like to live on shore, she accordingly assigned to him a large & commodious habitation which had just been built for one of the chiefs. This house was most agreeably situated on the banks of the stream, I before mentioned: the floor which was strew'd with small pebbles was carefully covered with mats. It had two doors & several windows & when stocked with a few chairs & a table, presented to us a very original & comfortable dwelling place. I was again kindly invited to live with his Lordship, as well as the surgeon, naturalist & chaplain: We all brought our cots on shore, & suspended them from the comers of the house; in this as in all their dwellings there was no partition. His Lordship had therefore apart skreened off with Tapa for his bedroom. • Every thing being thus arranged, we entirely deserted the ship, & I do not know when I have spent my time so delightfully, as during the three weeks we sojourned at this place. Kahumanu ordered several houses to be erected for herself & suite, immediately in the neighbourhood of our own. Her commands were most promptly executed, & in the course of four & twenty hours three or four huts reared their pigmy heads. These notwithstanding the dispatch were well & firmly built. They were roofed & lined with banana and the broad thick leaf of the tea [h] plant, and thus rendered completely impenetrable from rain for at least two months. After that time the leaves become devoured by insects which breed in them, & the but then requires a new covering. Our habitation was roofed & lined with the leaf of the Pandanus tree, which will last, and completely defy the inclemency of the weather, for six or seven years... ...All our supplies at this place, which consisted of fish, Poultry, yams, Pigs, Taro, plaintains, &c., were furnished gratis, & without any difficulty whatever. Our indefatigable purveyor, backed with the all powerful name of Kahumanu, provided for our wants at a moment's notice. • He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 33 (HiPonaha78-051 203) I amused myself during the time I remained here, in making as [Dampier 1971:541 many sketches as I possibly could: altho the scenery was beautiful, still it possessed little variety, & owing to the very difficult walking, sharp lava rocks springing up in all directions, it was tedious & fatiguing to advance into the • country, added to which Hido is a notorious place for rain, which sometimes proved uncomfortable & inconvenient. One recreation here was particularly delightful, which was that of bathing in the fresh water stream before our door. I generally indulged myself in this refreshing exercise two or three times a day: the natives are constantly in the water, & it was at all times a curious and novel sight to see so many people of both sexes, constantly sporting about in this refreshing element, & exhibiting a variety of tricks. They were very fond of walking with their hands along the bottom of the river, showing only their feet & legs above the surface of the water. I have seen two or three dozen pairs of legs thus exhibited, making their way gradually across the stream. They are particularly expert in swimming, and delight in throwing themselves into the water from very great heights. About a mile & a half from our hut, situated on the opposite side of the bay, was a most beautiful waterfall, which, descending from a ledge of Lava rocks, emptied its.contents into the sea. Nothing can be more romantically picturesque than the situation of this delightful spot: it proves a most excellent watering place for ships, whose boats are enabled to enter a small creek, & take in their water immediately below the falls. The entrance is rather wide & easily approached: On either side are high •precipitate rocks whose brows are ornamented with cocoanut and breadfruit trees. The sides of these rocks are covered with beautiful creepers of all descriptions, abundantly bearing flowers of every hue & dye, & large elegant spreading leaves almost conceal the rock itself from your view. Having advanced about one hundred & fifty yards, you arrive at the first fall, beyond which the boats are unable to proceed. A few yards higher up is a grander & more important fall, descending from a ledge of black lava rocks. The scenery around is strikingly beautiful. In company with Lord Byron, I frequently of an afternoon took a paddle across the bay, in a small double canoe which was always at his command, in order to witness the aquatic sports of the natives, who were very fond of exhibiting their dexterity at this place. I have seen several plunge in above the fall, & allow themselves to be transported down by the roaring torrent which tumbled them over a precipitate ledge of rugged lava rocks, into a foaming abyss below. One would suppose when approaching this place, that they were incurring the risk of being dashed to pieces: the exercise however seems to afford them the greatest diversion. Overwhelmed by the whirling eddies they for a few moments entirely disappear then soon rise at some distance from the first fall, & are ready to encounter the second which however is inconsiderable when compared with the first. I have also seen some of the natives place themselves on the brow of a cliff, its • height being about fifty feet, & with a running leap precipitate their persons into He Wahi Mo'o►elo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 34 (HiPonaha78-051203) the fall below. These feats, both men and women and even children are fond of practicing, & appear pleased at the astonishment excited in us at witnessing such daring adventures. Shortly after our arrival at Hido some of our officers undertook a journey to the top of Mowna Kaah: they found this a most difficult and fatiguing enterprise. They were obliged to make their way thro almost impassable woods. Sometimes they were forced to cross torrents & rocky ravines, and at last when arriving at the dreary summit of all their wishes, so thick a haze prevailed, that the boundless prospect seen from so exalted a height in fair weather, was completely shrouded from their view. In a clear day, from the top of this mountain, most of the islands composing the Sandwich group, are distinctly discernible. The party returned after a week's absence, disappointed, & almost worn out by fatigue... [Dampier 1971:571 Changing Landscapes, Declining Populations and Advent of Sugar Plantations (Ponahawal Planted in ca. 1839) One result of the missionary effort throughout the islands was to bring the traditionally dispersed native population into westem-style towns and population centers, where the fold could be kept under the watchful eyes of church leaders. On the island of Hawai'i, the port of Hilo, was a favored spot for marketing goods to foreign vessels, and as trade increased, western businesses began setting up shops. One of the prominent non -missionary foreign residents of the time was Benjamin Pitman, who married the chiefess Kino'ole, daughter of one of the favored chiefs and advisors of Kamehameha I. By the late 1830s, Pitman was assigned the role of Konohiki (overseer) of the land of Ponahawai, and himself, set up business trade in Hilo to supply the needs of visitors and residents alike. The traders had speck demands for crops and various materials with which to supply foreign vessels. As foreign crops were introduced Hawaiian agricultural systems and production were significantly modified. In ca. 1839 Governor Kuakini ordered land to be cleared in Ponahawai, and Hilo s largest sugar plantation was planted. Charles Wilkes, Commander of the United States Exploring Expedition, visited the Hawaiian Islands in 1840- 1841, and reported on the cultivation of sugar cane in Ponahawai—wincluding the use of a "small stream of water led from Wailuku river (an 'auwar)—and other foreign crops in the region (Wilkes 1845:209). Describing the Hilo bay lands, Wilkes observed: I have before spoken of the fruitfulness of this side of the island of Hawaii; the sugar -cane grows here in abundance, and of a large size; coffee succeeds well, as do indigo and the taca, from which they make a quantity of arrow -root. For the manufacture of sugar, Governor Adams owns a small mill, in charge of two or three Chinamen; but it is in a wretched condition. It is worked by a small stream of water led from the Wailuku river. The quantity of sugar made in the year 1840 was about thirty tons; but with .a well -adapted mill, and under good .management, a much larger quantity might be made, for much of the cane is now suffered to rot from want of facilities to grind it. The natives now understand its culture well, and each has a small patch... Mr. Goodrich, the missionary who preceded Mr. Coan, was very desirous of introducing the culture of sugar -cane and coffee, became very active in promoting it. [Wilkes 1845:209] He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo, 35 (HlPonaha78-051203) • r L • By ca. 1843, a Chinese by the name of Aiko, who had helped Kuakini establish his Waimea plantation, moved to Hilo, and oversaw the manufacture of sugar at Ponahawai for a time • under the governor (Dorrance and Morgan 2000). In 1848, Aiko was well established in Hilo, and was granted kuleana land in the neighboring ahupua'a of Kukuau during the Mahele of 1848 (see L.C.A.. Helu 3205). The plantation operation in Ponohawai (partially mapped in Mahele Claim No. 387, of the Hilo Mission Station), is also referenced in several testimonies of native applicants for kuleana in Ponahawai (see section on the Mahele Aina in this study). Several other mills were set up around this time in outlying lands of Hilo as well, and by the 1860s, Aiko had established his in mill in Amauulu (Dorrance and Morgan 2000). This specialization of crop production had a significant impact on native Hawaiian crop production, subsistence agriculture, land use, and the cultural landscape. But, these were not the only factors at play in the changing system of residency and agriculture during these years. Nature also played a role in the changing tide. In a letter to Reverend Bingham, Hilo's Reverend Titus Coan reported on an event in 1837 that impacted Hilo. On November 7, 1837, a tidal wave (tsunami) washed in across all of the shoreline of Hilo Bay, Coan wrote: ...God has recently visited this people in judgment as well as mercy ... ... at 7 o'clock P.M., as we were calling our domestics together for evening prayers, we heard a heavy sound as of a falling mountain upon the beach. This noise was followed by loud wailing and cries of distress, extending for miles around the _ shores of the bay... House furniture, calabashes, fuel, timber, canoes, food, clothing, everything floated wild upon the flood. The waters rushed up valleys, carried away fish -ponds, and swept over many plantations of food... (Coan in Bingham 1969;519). • Thus, through an act of nature, important features of the earlier settlement and land uses base was washed away. At the same time, foreign diseases were taking their toll on the native population. In 1848, so many Hawaiians had died throughout the kingdom, as a result of a measles epidemic, that the King and his advisors set aside a day of prayer and fasting for the nation (HSA Interior Department Misc. Box 143; Dec. 30, 1848). McEldowney (1979) reported that the epidemic "killed an estimated one-third of the population" (McEldowney 1979:37). Without a doubt, the effects of consolidation of the community, modification of agricultural production and land use, development of the Hilo Trade Center, and natural disasters, coupled with the declining population, had an irrevocable impact on long-term native residency on lands of the Hilo Bay. In those times, the first aspects of traditional land use to disappear, would have been in the Hilo uplands within and above the current study area. This is the land component described earlier in McEldowney's Zone II (McEldowney 1979). Further, it is noted that in the period between 1845-1865, in the growing population center of Hilo Town, the native dwellings and garden complexes gave way to wooden structures that were primarily situated between the Walolama and Wailuku Rivers. Water Drawn Across the Lands of Punahoa and Ponahawai (ca. 1770-1926) Sugar cultivation on the Ponahawai lands began down slope of the project area in the 1830s. By the early 1900s fields had been extended upland through the present study area, where it continued through ca. 1970. In conjunction with the development of the early sugar ,• plantation at Ponahawai under Governor Kuakini in the 1830s, an 'auwai (irrigation channel) was developed to supply the fields with the water, necessary to grow and produce He Wahi Wolelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 36 (HiPonaha78-051203) the sugar. Jensen (1991) reported that Site No. 14947 within the Ponahawai=Punahoa study area was a part of the "ditch" system. As noted at the beginning of the study, this site was determined to be a significant historical resource on the landscape. Preservation of representative portions of the ditch and interpretation were recommended (letter of April 2, 1991, D. Hibbard, SHPO; to N. Hayashi, HCPD). Archaeological field work and additional documentary research was conducted on the larger ditch system in 1999 by PHRI archaeologist, Thomas Wolforth. Wolforth's study area was situated in Pi'ihonua along the Wailuku-facing slopes of HMO, and his work included a synthesis of past research (Kelly, 1981, 1982; Jensen 1991; and Maly 1997) on the ditch system. Wolforth's work (1999) set forth a format by which the varying ditch components could be located and dated. The section of the 'auwai extending across Pi'ihonua, into Ponahawai and across the study area to the present-day Komohana Street, appears to date back to ca. 1840. As sugar cultivation and plantation operations continued to develop in this section of Hilo, modifications to the 'auwai were made, and it continued to be in use through the early 1900s. Figure 4 is a section of what was labeled the Hilo Boarding School Ditch Map -from around 1920. In the early 1900s water rights became an issue and it is from those proceedings that the most detailed descriptions of the 'auwai-to-ditch system were recorded. Describing the section of the ditch within the Ponahawai-Punahoa study area, we find the testimony of a native witness who had been born in Waiakea in 1845. The witness, Solomon P. Kaleioholani (also known as Peleioholani) was a great grandson of Governor Kuakini. His testimony In the Water Rights Case No. 2248, is dated January 13, 1915, and describes the development and general ages of several ditches of the "village of Hilo." The majority of Kaleloholani's ditch feature locations appear to be situated some distance makai of HMO Hill. He does note that the first of the ditches was built under the rule of a chief by the name of 1, prior to the reign of Kamehameha I (see historical notes regarding I earlier in this study). S.M. Kamakau (1961) refers to a chief by the name of 1, or'T-maka- koloa of Puna, in the period prior to Kamehameha's bringing the island of Hawaii under his rule. This chief 'T rebelled against Kalani'bpu'u in c. 1770, and was killed at Ka'0 (Kamakau 1960:108,110). Though not directly associated with Hilo, I was a relative of Keawemauhili, ruler of Hilo prior to Kamehameha, and he may have frequented the district and had some capacity over the land. Kaleioholani s testimony also reported that the 'auwai attributed to I provided water to residents of Hilo, some of whom had previously needed to go to the Wailuku River for water (Kelly 1982:19-28). Thus, some sections of the Hilo Boarding School Ditch may pre -date 1770. Describing the section of the irrigation system that passes through Punahoa and Ponahawai, Kaleioholani reported (see Figure 4): and gave it to the father of Queen Kaahumanu. The third ditch was dug when Adams was appointed Governor of Hawaii, and through his instructions to He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 37 (HiPonaha78-051203) • r-11 LJ • wIn,IJ u w i rIN� r IIL\i\ . �r _ ; '�+•ajY, m •. i/11,eMIF41 ` ' 1.414 . lyr'•���\\� _ tA- �1 S j - 1' �J�f 1UM� �'- 1r I\`�. i r.. / ��\\.�i�A�at`♦ d .i' -Y4 ♦/.' .i`�L. h .�. 16 :X u" i�r >' \t. �fl f v s0aei `. 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( ` IllrlIlYIN11cY//% ""' Gy Ami/1� F• .'. ` .(:, , \`111IIiI'3ir1,JNe ur t i•. ,y♦ 44g �y 0-9v �1 i',.T +n ✓t II / z �. , Z � y�{s � y �{'m ilia , i�\Ill W�t�it `�• 1 �hi •� � x { b -•t . v fi� �\�� � n ,'i`� �3�. .,` 1 r t II ,tit 3 y i�"'ftlJ` `L r� -• 'k'a�t 1�IalUIP� �\/ r... f t/A Ji c71wy I _ m � 9'Ji•-� i 6>;•�alp `.1.' � ,F a l•F .rT .� Fd„(iii � 'i j r it ;�,✓ � l - � ` o /rw+'3µ-M L. Wim• n�= j'F C r I _ , .1 r .r a Y � c2 40!1 ='r'`t IU4 a/i/ nim 9, %q ��1\\� r ' a\ W i au�,•.w �rt !c W � s✓ � t/! � � yp. - a"..f �{ w.��,3 _ v ��\` ��� �. I1t /11'6 '- ✓Y `Slrt "'t -• • 9 +e Ill /�' e e x J -»a '4\\ +•« is +R•F #TN. It\xi cuiel :- i sy i# �i yll��/i iSz w\, , r -r. J, - y ^y T!•j y - %fir a, a I.�wc t4..�11Q.� � c � ` I �• � ' 'fh"9S.i ��� >. IF ^IQ � ; t •t' 1�. ,r tG l=:L •'T r 'kl t % •c.-��. S�tiO'I` jF,.'r. cc. �9n=`,.1 � Ifs 7✓Y ''T :3,F: �. �1"l' !� , �f C• 1, "+' ��.' , �!" f � 4 , . �'OARU1KG I D._: Figur 4. Portion of Map of the Hilo Sugar Company Flelds (ca. 1920; Co. of Hawaii Dept of Public Works, • Ref. No. G/H-23-10).Detail of Punahoa-Ponahawai Ditch Section, Punshoa•PI'lhonua Ditch Section, and H41aI Hills. He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 38 (HiPoneha78-051203) Kaina. The Boarding School ditch is the branch of the Kanuha auwai... [Kaleioholani in Water Rights Case No. 2248, January 13, 1915]. It may be recalled from historical accounts cited earlier in this study, that Kanuha, was also a resident of Ponahawai, and during the MAhele 'Aina, one of his children, Kapahukula, applied for a ku/eana in Ponahawai (see Helu 5705 in this study). In the matter of determining the water rights of the Hilo Boarding School, several testimonies were taken, among them the statement of Frank Swartz Lyman who bom in Hilo in 1837. Probably due to his life-long association with the Hilo Boarding School, his occupation as a surveyor and land agent, and his service as the Circuit and Probate Judge of the district, F.S. Lyman's testimony was the most detailed of those reviewed (Lyman, February 1912) _Of particular geographical interest for the current study, Lyman reported that he had been told that the ditch was initially constructed to transport water to the ahupua'a of Punahoa, which had no water sources of its own. Lyman provides a detailed outline of the ditch's routes. Excerpts of Lyman's testimony (Lyman 1912) follow: I know the facts about the Water Rights of Hilo Boarding School, in the ditch leading from the south branch of the Wailuku River, District of South Hilo, Island of Hawaii, to the premises of the said Boarding School in the town of Hilo. I remember when a boy going up to the water head of the said Hilo Boarding School ditch with my father who was the Principal of said school, and saw the ditch and the water head, which was at the same place and size as it is now. The first time I went there was about 1845 - I was about 8 years old. I have been to the same place many times since that... [S]tarting in the South branch of the Wailuku River, about 4 1/2 miles from Hilo Town, and leading through said Hilo town. The water head and the water ditch are practically the same now as they were when I first saw them. I was told when I was a boy. by P. Barenaba, when this ditch was made, and by whom. He was a kamaaina. He stated that he was a resident in the town of Hilo Almost every Ahuyuaa, or strip of land by name, in the District of Hilo, each had He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 39 (HlPonaha78-051203) • is r1 U land under the Kinn and operated by the water of this ditch. The mill was located directly above the present homestead of Rufus A. Lyman. on School Street, up nearly as far as the present Catholic School. From the Mill the water ditch went down through the land of Punahoa to the house of Mr. Goodrich, and other houses below, and on to the sea shore. Practically this same statement was made to me by my father. In fact it was common knowledge and of common repute throughout the Hilo Community. The other matters herein stated are of my own knowledge... [LHMM Box 8, Folder 18, Record 83.15.16.7; Lyman Ms. 1912:1-3] In the next section of his testimony, F.S. Lyman provides a detailed account of land matters associated with the boarding school and mission, from 1827 through 1853: A Grant of 40 acres of land was made about 1853 by the Hawaiian Government for the use of the Hilo Boarding School... Lyman, Coan and Wetmore were the only ones entitled to water flowing through said ditch. •The new School Building was built ... and a branch of the water ditch was taken in 1856, from the said ditch known as the Mission Ditch, at Halai Hill, and ran down through the new School premises... Later on Messrs. Coan and Wetmore arranged to take water from the Piihonua water ditch, at the Union School, to . their houses, and discontinued using the said Mission ditch water, and gave their rights therein to the Hilo Boarding School. Father Lyman still continued to use the water, retaining a small stream that went from his house down the Church Street Ditch, as now. Later on, Father Lyman made other arrangements for water, and gave his right in the ditch to said Hilo Boarding School. From the time the Boarding School was first started in 1836, they used the water from this ditch for their household purposes and for irrigating their kalo land whenever it was needed, and have continued to do so up to this time... [Lyman Ms. 1912:4-5] Lyman reported that use of the water from the HBS Ditch was the exclusive right of the elder Lyman, Coan, Wetmore and the Boarding School, but from 1869 to 1873, school were upheld (ibid.:5). In 1895, several school trustees and Hilo businessmen leased water from the Hilo Boarding School Ditch and began generating electricity to supply users in Hilo Town. The generator plant was located on Pitman Street and also powered a small ice plant, '...the water running from said ditch through a 6 inch pipe from the reservoir... situated below the school premises" (ibid,:8). The demand He Wahl Ho'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 40 (HlPonaha78-051203) for electricity and ice was so great that by 1897, a 3,000 light dynamo was installed. Operation of the generator and new ten -ton ice plant required that additional water resources be made available (ibid.:9). Lyman records that the partners: ...put in a 36 inch water pipe near the top of Halai Hill using water from said • dhch, with a fall of 185 feet; fluminq the water of the ditch from the foot of the fk; /A UNI nn�--- ♦6— —.w A UNI .....1 ♦......�. •L. •-- —1 ♦L— C. -_a u_t_. , ,:., a_ a, _ head of the Pipe line. An 1901 a new company was formed to be run with water from the Wailuku River... Hilo Electric and Light Company, Limited;... When the location of the Electric and Ice Works was changed to the new location by the Wailuku River, it was deemed best to use the water of the Boarding School ditch, not reserved for the School, by returning it to the Wailuku River to flow down the new water head of the Electric Light Company above the Rainbow Falls. his was done by taking it out of the ditch just below the roadway near the office of the Hawaii Mill Company, some half mile below the said water head, and a ditch takes the water to the River near by [Lyman Ms. 1912:9-10]. An October 11, 1926 historical sketch (Walker 1926) of the "Water Right Owned by the Hilo Boarding School" is unsigned, but attributed to Reverend G. Shannon Walker (of the boarding school). It provides further background and details concerning water use after Lyman's account above: In 1813 King Kamehameha instructed the Chief of the Hilo district to get out water from the Wailuku for the Haili Hill region. The Chief did the best he could in carrying out the order but was unsuccessful until the first Missionaries came. They worked with the chief and constructed a ditch that was successful in bringing the water down. In 1846 ... the King deeded this water to the American Board in recognition of services rendered by the Missionaries. • When the American Board discontinued its connection [in 1863] with the work here, it divided the land and water right between the three resident missionaries—Coan, Wetmore and Lyman... When the water system was developed for the two, the Missionaries no longer had need of the water right so granted siad [sic] right to the Hilo Boarding School. In 1917 some question arose as to ownership and the water right case was settled in the Supreme Court in favor of the Hilo Boarding School. 5,590,000 gallons per every 24 hours to be their allotment. During the summer of 1926 the County took for the use of Hilo and vicinity certain water from mauka of the H.B.S. intake which did not permit the established amount to enter the Boarding School Ditch. This permission was temporarily granted due to the drought then[.] [A]t the dose of the same the County set about to establish ownership and invalidate [the] H.B.S. claim. An reliable agreement is reached and contract is pending at date [page 161, LHMM Water Right files]. Important locational references to sections of the 'auwai and ditch system in upper Ponahawai and Punahoa are also given in the surveys and testimonies of the Mahele 'flina and Boundary Commission in this study. • He Wahl Mo`olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview or Ponahawal at Hilo 41 . (H1Ponaha78-051203) Lava Flows of the Nineteenth Century One of the most intriguing facets of history for those who call Hilo home, is its relationship with Mauna Loa, the largest, and one of the most active volcanoes on earth. In the nineteenth century, several flows poured forth from Mauna Loa on the Hilo side of the volcano. One in 1855, and another in 1881 caused the residents of Hilo to prepare •themselves for inundation from above, as lava flows marched steadily towards the town. The makai ends of the flow, passing into the Kukuau, Kaumana and Ponahawai lands. Descriptions of the flows and activities around the growing Hilo Town, are found in a number of sources. Below, are excerpts of letters from the Journal of Sarah Joiner Lyman, wife of Reverend D.B. Lyman, resident in Punahoa, and communications between government agents and agencies. In her journal, Lyman (1992), noted that after 20 years of living in a grass -thatched house, a new wood -frame house had been built, and that the new Hilo Boarding School buildings had been constructed. Then the eruption and lava flow of 1855-1856 began: August 11, 1855. A new volcano in Mauna Loa. August 14, 1855. A good view of the eruption which is not on the summit of the mountain. [page 1361 August 15, 1855. At early dawn the crater was very active, jets 300 or 400 feet high. Stream extending down the mountain till hidden by trees, course N W. Such was the appearance in the P.M. that some were of the opinion that a new crater had opened well on towards Mauna Kea, but we are safe. • August 17, 1855. Saw the lava spouting from the crater at 10. The lava is evidently spreading over the plain between the mountains. September 15,1855. Mountain clear. Smoke rising from the crater and much smoke in the woods — No fire trouble. A continuous evidence that it is approaching us. October 15, 1855. The flow still advancing in the woods and coming directly towards Hilo — very smoky by day and light at night, partly from burning vegetation. November 1,1855. Heard thro Mr. Coan that the end of the flow is about 12 miles from us. This causes anxiety. November 25, 1855. The lava is advancing gradually and may soon be flowing through our beautiful town. I confess to a feeling of nervousness and have laid out suits for myself and children, so that we can flee at a moment's warning. February, 1856. Went with a party, (a large one of ladies and gentlemen) to visit the flow—spent the night at the end of it and saw the liquid fire flowing over a precipice, 30 ft. high, into a basin of water which might float a schooner. •September 15, 1856. Letter to Silas and Melissa (Joiner) Hall. ...Our new school house is commodious, airy and convenient, well adapted to the necessities of He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview o/Ponahawal at Hilo 42 (HlPonaha78-051203) school. In the basement which is of stone, we have a dining room, a store room and a place for storing farming utensils, on the first floor is the school room, a room for our native assistant and another room like it. [page 137] The second story is used for sleeping as is the attic. Their beds are, most of them, single —made by nailing 4 strips of boards on to 4 square legs, with slats across the bottom. The cook house is of stone and a little in the rear of the school house. It is a pleasant location and a much better house than our old one. Our own house too is much improved. We got quite tired of living under a roof of thatch, which needed renewing every four or five years, and mending frequently... November 1856. The lava approached no nearer to us than what we saw in Feb. Still there was some action judging by the smoke till about the last of Oct... [Lyman 1992;138] The eruption ended and flow ceased about six miles from the coast. Thus, Hilo Town found itself at peace and no worse for the experience. Once again, in 1880, Mauna Loa stirred on the Hilo front, giving rise to old fears. Lyman, wrote once again of the eruption, it's steady progress towards Hilo, where it finally ended the lands of Punahoa, Ponahawai and Kukuau, at one point not much more than a half mile above the Waiakea fishponds and one mile above the Hilo Court House (Figure 5). Lyman described the beginning of the eruption in a letter of May 4, 1880: ...I must not close without speaking of the fine display of fire works which we had here three nights ago. Our far famed Mauna Loa is about 40 miles from us with nothing to obstruct our view, (I mean the summit) and has an immense crater on the summit which is dormant most of the time, but occasionally it wakes and burns so brightly as to light up the heavens to the Zenith; but its depth is so great that the fire cannot be seen from here and it never flows out of that crater. It is the reflection of the light which we see, and yet it looks as though the whole summit of the mountain was on fire. It has been so cloudy since the first day, we have not been able to see it and do not know how it is progressing or whether there is a flow. There have been a [page 165] number of flows during our residence here, some of which have extended to the sea, and one [1855-1856] marched grandly on till within six miles of our little town, and then stopped... [Lyman 1992:166] On June 30"' 1881, J. F. Jordan, Supervisor of Roads for Hilo and Puna wrote to the Minister of the Interior regarding roads, and the progress of the lava—adding a little road making humor to his communication, something that was probably not appreciated by the residents of Hilo Town: ...It now looks as if we were soon to have a good road making material in as close to the town of Hilo, the lava has taken a fresh start. It ran into a ravine on Sunday morning last and has come down to about two miles, since 7 A.M. that morning, heading for Waiakea Plantation. It is certainly one of the grandest sights.that man ever looked at, the stream of liquid lava is about 10 or 12 feet He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponshawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 43 (HiPonaha78-051203) • • • PiA, u. @ 0 I 0 j•L,... na's s.w..c � auk Nvew r JY X C -pe En'L SA £law 41. b..4 W' 'j P P- e e / J F,r�i.Poriact \j ' ylru:..awsa. 1t �tAl Figure 5. Detail from Register Map No. 892, C.J. Lyons, 1882. Sketch showing Lava Flow of 1881. Points fixed by previous survey flow, by information from F. S. Lyman, C. Furneaux, and others. (State Survey Division) • He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponehawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponshawai at Hilo 44 (HlPonaha78-051203) r - 0 j•L,... na's s.w..c � auk Nvew r JY X C -pe En'L SA £law 41. b..4 W' 'j P P- e e / J F,r�i.Poriact \j ' ylru:..awsa. 1t �tAl Figure 5. Detail from Register Map No. 892, C.J. Lyons, 1882. Sketch showing Lava Flow of 1881. Points fixed by previous survey flow, by information from F. S. Lyman, C. Furneaux, and others. (State Survey Division) • He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponehawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponshawai at Hilo 44 (HlPonaha78-051203) wide, running at the rate of about four miles per hour, with high banks of as on each side. The lower end has been at a stand still for the past thirty-six hours • owning to the fact of its been spreading out. It is now within two miles of town, but not likely to do any damage soon. The flow is now aa, this would be a grand thing for our Hilo Streets, if it would come close enough to town to enable us to haul it on the street as it would make a good road... [HSA – Roads Hawaii] On July 71° 1881, Jordan, described again, the progression of the lava flow, and that it had attracted many visitors who were making their way to view it: ...I was forced to do a little work on the Hilo Road this week owing to the heavy rains and the great amount of people now travelling to see the lava flow. They are coming from all parts of the island. The lava is about the same distance from town as it was on June 30th. Some what owing to its filling up the Kukuau gulch where it has been running. It is now spreading out on the Puna side and not near so active as it was last week... .[HSA - Roads Hawaii] Once again, on July 21'`, 1881, Jordan observed: ...Owing to a sudden change taken by the lava flow since Monday last, I concluded that it would not be advisable to do any more work on the Volcano Road close to the town of Hilo. Therefore 1 have let the prisoners go, as they can get employment on the plantations close to town... The lava is again very active and about 1 '/ miles from town. We are all making our plans for a move, it has come so far now that it is likely to change the waters course so that if we are not burned out we are likely to be flooded out on the Waiakea side of town... [HSA – • Roads Hawaii] Sarah Lyman also penned additional descriptions of the eruption, and circumstances around the march of the flow towards town. In this series of letters, she also noted that "Luka" (Ruth Ke elikolani) had traveled up to the "3° hill" (presumably the Pu'u Kamali'i, mentioned earlier in this study), above Hala'i, where "incantations' were made to appeal to the flow (Lyman 1992:167), and thus protect the coastal lands and resources of Hilo. July 26,1881. Letter to daughter Emma. We are in the same state of suspense about the flow, as when we wrote last week. No abatement of action at the summit or in and out of the woods, and it still moves; is now, by measurement, 2'% miles from the lower end of the flow to the governors old house at Waiakea _[Pi'opi'o] — At Laumaia (at the north) there is considerable show at night but does not attract as much attention as the other and yet some of us have more fear of that, than of the other. Fred. and his family with Rufus jr. and Mr. Baker, have gone up to Laumaia to spend the night. The Hitchcocks, Castles, and others have started to -day for Kilauea which is said to be very active at present. We have been having a good deal of rain and yet people go to the flow by day and by night. The clouds prevent our seeing the three beautiful morning planets and the two comets. • He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 45 (HiPonaha78-051203) 27th Fred. ma [family] did not get up to Laumaia, but camped above the end of the other flow. They report great activity and [page 1661 progress. Your father and I get perfectly bewildered in hearing so many reports and not knowing just where it is. I shall try and have your father go up, but I can no longer mount a • horse. ... It looks now as tho if the flow, or a part of it comes down in the Kukuao [Kukuau] gulch, when it gets below the cemetery, it will spread over the lower part of the town, probably to the Wailuku River, so what will there be left. I wish I could keep from writing about the flow, for your father thinks I write in a way to excite the fears of people too much, so I will leave it for him to report in future... Aug. 3, 1881. It seems now Pretty evident to all that the lava will ere long reach Conways. including Deacons beautiful home. A number of families have moved over to Puna and others are leaving. Mrs. Wetmore has got nearly all of her Curios packed and some other things, ready to move to Papaikou if they are molested as that will be their future home. Ohl it seems so dreadful to think that we may yet see lava flowing down our streets like rivers of water, leaving utter desolation in their track! and passing on to fill up our beautiful harbor. There is a constant stream of visitors to the flow, and last night, Luka the old governess of been sold to haoles". (white settlers) • Thurs:.4th....The Str. [steamer] came early bringing lots of people, Dominis and wife, Mrs. Bishop, Mr. Cleghom and our Governess. — The Str. was crowded, but some return on her. The lava on the Waiakea side is moving fast now. Last night we could not see it from our house, this morning it was much lower down .L_ • _. _L:11 r"21- ❑ ..J :. .....L[.. •......J. LL. TL. [page 167] Aug. 16, 1881. Wonderful isn't it that the lava flow should have stopped so suddenly and died out so soon? Just as people were beginning in earnest to Drotect themselves, it cooled off (last Wednes.) at the lower end and very soon all appearance of fire and smoke disappeared. ...I think that very many have been singing the doxology in their hearts ever since, whilst some few of the superstitious ones attribute the cessation of the flow to the _influence of the chiefs. January 4, 1882. Letter to Mrs. Lucia Hazen, Northfield, Vermont. ...Our lava flow ceased, after coming within half a mile of us, and no light has been seen from it, for four months, yet after a hard rain steam is seen rising from it, almost the entire length of the flow... [Lyman 1992:168] • He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 46 (HlPonaha78-051203) By the time the 1881 eruption ended, it had crossed the lands of Kaomana, Ponahawai, and Kukuau, covering an area that extends below the present-day Komohana Street, in the vicinity of Mohouli Street. In 1942, and again in 1984, lava flows from Mauna Loa, moved to within four miles of Hilo Town. The latest eruption occurred between March 2e to April 1" 1984, following similar routes of those described above. Homestead Lots of the Kaomana-Ponahawai Vicinity In the files of the State Archives,, is a letter to John Dominis, Agent of Crown Lands, from Rufus A Lyman the lease -hold value of Crown Lands of Waiakea and Ponahawai. Lyman wrote: Waiakea in Hilo, has been bringing in with ponds about $700. The dams to fishponds have been broken down several times by tidal waves & freshets and the fish lost. With the privilege of cutting say 300 cords of fire wood a year for sale, included in the lease of land, ponds & fisheries, the land would be worth about $1000. a year. There are two lands.belonging to Est. [of] Kekuanaoa, and one to Govt. come into the middle of Waiakea in three different places and cut it up some what. Ponahawai has a few town lots left, and quite a tract of land a short distance below the woods and a wood land... (letter: R.A. Lyman to J.O. Dominis; March 5, 1873). After the eruption of 1881, things settled down once again around Hilo Town, and the sugar plantations continued to develop. Following the overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy in 1893, the Provisional Government, under the leadership of Sanford B. Dole, opened up large tracts of land from the inventory of the Crown and Government, for lease, and sale. Primary uses focused on plantations and homesteading. In the 1890s many foreign residents began applying to -the Minister of the Interior for the development of Homestead lots.on the. forested mountain slopes of Kaomana, above the growing Hilo Town. A.B. Lobenstein was sent to survey theland of Kaomana in late 1893 , and observed: ...the lava flow of 1880-81 has coursed down about the middle of the lands, leaving an undestroyed strip or remainder on each side... The remainder on the South side is covered by applications from E.G. and D.H. Hitchcock and W.R. Castle, on the North side adjoining Ponahawai by the various other applicants, the whole section is one of extreme richness and fertility but there is not enough to go around without taking in Ponahawai. [A.B. Lobenstein; HSA Interior Department Letter File --December 10, 1893] By the late 1890s, the upper lands of both Kaomana and Ponahawai had been sold in lots averaging from 20 to 100 acres each (see Register Map No. 1748 and HTS Plat 712; and the Index of Grants and Patents, 1916). These lots were generally put into sugar cultivation, which was in tum harvested by the various mills operating in Hilo. The Hawai'i Mill Company, situated in Kukuau, along the Alanaio stream (next to Ponahawai), was in operation between 1901 to 1923 (Dorrance and Morgan 2000:84). Under C. Brewer, harvests from the Ponohawai-KaOmana area fields were processed by the Hilo Sugar Company and Hilo Coast Processing Company until ca. 1970. He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 47 (HiPonaha78-051 103) • • • MAHELE 'AINA - LAND TENURE IN PONAHAWAI AND PUNAHOA 1848-1854) In pre -western contact Hawaii, all land, ocean and natural resources were held in trust by � he high chiefs (aI 'ai ahupua`a or a#7 'ai moku). The use of land, fisheries and other resources were given to the hoa'aina (native tenants) at the prerogative of the a/i`i and their representatives or land agents (konohiki or haku 'aina), who were generally lesser chiefs as well. By 1845, the Hawaiian system of land tenure was being radically altered, and the foundation for implementing the Mahele 'Rina (a fee -simple right of ownership), was set in place. As the Mahele evolved, it defined the land interests of Kauikeaouli (King Kamehameha III), some 252 high-ranking Alii and Konohiki, and the Government. As a result of the Mahele, all land in the Kingdom of Hawai'i came to be placed in one of three categories: (t) Crown Lands (for the occupant of the throne); (2) Government Lands; and (3) Konohiki Lands (cf. Indices of Awards 1929). The "Enabling" or "Kuleana Act" of the Mahele (December 21, 1849) further defined the frame work by which hoa'aina (native tenants) could apply for, and be granted fee -simple interest in "Kuleana" lands (cf. Kamakau in Ke Au Okoa July 8 & 15, 1869; 1961:403-403). The "Enabling" or "Kuleana Act" (December 21,1849) laid out the frame work by which native tenants could apply for, and be granted fee -simple interest in "Kuleana" lands, and their rights of access and to collection of resources necessary to their life upon the land in their given ahupua`a. The Act reads in part: August 6, 1850 •An Act confirming certain resolutions of the King and Privy Council passed on the 21" day of December 1849, granting to the common people allodial titles for their own lands and house lots, and certain other privileges... ...Section 1. Resolved. That fee simple titles, free of commutation. be and are said lands shall be recognized as genuine by the Land Commission; Provided however, that the Resolution shall not extend to Konohikis or other persons WIM Section 2. By and with the consent of the King and Chiefs in Privy Council assembled, it is hereby resolved, that fee simple titles free of commutation, be and are hereby granted to all native tenants who occupy and improve any lands chief or Konohiki for the land they so occupy and this Resolution shall not extend to house lots or Districts of Honolulu, Lahaina and Hilo. n U He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 48 e. Provided however, lands situated in the Kumu Pono Associates (HiPonaha78-051203) Section 3. Resolved that the Board of Commissioners to quiet Land titles be, and is hereby empowered to award fee simple titles in accordance with the foregoing Resolutions; to define and separate the portions belonging to different where it can be done so that each man's land may be by itself. Section 4. Resolved that a certain portion of the Government lands in each Island shall be set apartand placed in the hands of special agents to be per acre. Section 5. In granting to the People, their House lots in fee simple, such as are separate and distinct from their cultivated lands, the amount of land in each of said House lots shall not exceed one quarter of an acre. to the waste lands. for profit They shall also inform the Landlord or his agent and proceed with his consent. The people shall also have a right to drinking water, and running water. Done and passed at the Council House, Honolulu this 6"' day of August 1850. [copied from original hand written "Enabling Act"10 – DLNR 2-41 The lands awarded to the hoa'aina (native tenants) became known as "Kuleana Lands.' All of the claims and awards (the Land Commission Awards or LCA) were numbered, and the LCA numbers remain in use today to identify the original owners of lands in Hawaii. The work of the Land Commission was brought to a close on March 31, 1855. The program, directed by principles adopted on August 20, 1846, met with mixed results. Several factors contributed to the outcome of the program, among them being—failure of the hoa'aina to grasp the concept of fee -simple title to land; and the death of many Hawaiians in the years of the Mahele. It is estimated that the total amount of land awarded to hoa'aine across the islands, equaled approximately 28,658 acres (cf. Kame'eleihiwa 1992:295). 0 See also Kanswai Hoopai Karaima no ko Hawaii Pee Aina (Penal Code) 1850. He Wahl No'clelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 49 (HiPonaha78-051203) LJ • • Ponahawai and Punahoa: Disposition of Land and Residency Ponahawai In the "Buke Kakau Paa no ka Mahele Aina" (Land Division Book of 1848), between 41camehameha III and his supporters, we learn that a chief by the name of Kinimaka" claimed Ponahawai as one of his 'aina. But on February 9, 1848, he relinquished his claim to Kauikeaouli in commutation for other lands he was allowed to keep (Buke Mahele 1848:126-127). Subsequently on March 8, 1848, Kauikeaouli designated lands he would keep, and those he chose to set aside from his land base as a part of the Government Land inventory. Among the lands kept by the King as a part of the Crown Lands inventory ('Rina Lei Alit), was Ponahawai—also the neighboring lands of Waiakea, Pi'ihonua and Humu'ula (Buke Mahele 1848:186-187). A thorough review of all records of the Mahele, revealed that twenty-seven claims for kuleana in Ponahawai, under twenty-nine Helu were filed before the Commission. Of the total number of claims, four were from foreign residents (including the Hilo Mission Station), and the remainder were native residents. Twenty-two claims were awarded, and contained approximately 44 and 2/10"15 acres of the total available land in Ponahawai. Five of those claims also included land situated in Punahoa (two of which were A.B.C.F.M. claims). The Ponahawai kuleana awards ranged in size from .28th acre to 12.80 acres. Almost all of the claimants placed their parcels in the area extending from near the shore to the edge of the slopes just back of Hilo Town, the award furthest inland being situated just mauka of the present-day Kapi'olani Street (Figure 6). One claimant, Kukeleau (Helu 4983) was awarded a kuleana in Ponahawai near "Kalua o Kaaumana° (now called O.KaOmana Caves"), on which one house and planting fields were kept. Another claimant also applied for a parcel situated 'in the uplands of Ponahawai, close to the forest" (Kapuaa, claimant, Helu 4994; in •this study). Because the piece was not awarded, its specific location is unknown. At least one additional claimant for land in Ponahawai and Punahoa (Helu 2228) is also associated with cultivated lands in the forest zone, though no claim was registered. His name was Kaapa. We find reference to the planting area of Kaapa in the Boundary Commission testimonies and surveys of 1873 (see testimonies in this study). One further point of interest regarding the disposition of Ponahawai is that while the Mahele was taking place, the King also allowed Royal Patent Grants (grant) to be issued to applicants for land which fell under the Government inventory. While Ponahawai was a Crown Land, Grant No. 252, was issued in 1850 to Benjamin Pitman for 354.2 acres in Ponahawai. The grant covered the area extending mauka from the vicinity of the present- " Kinimaka was of chiefly rank, but not of the highest lines. His father was Kapiiwi and his mother was Kahioloa. Through his mother, he was the half brother of Hoolulu, the chief who In the later years of his life, oversaw the lands of the Ponahawai-Pi'ihonua vicinity. Ho'oluiu's father was Kameeismoku, husband of Kahikoloa. Kameeiamoku and his twin brother were of high chiefly and priestly lineages and were favored uncles and counselors of Kamehameha I. Upon his death in 1819, it was Hoolulu and his half brother, Hoapili,.who were charged with the secret burial of Kamehameha I. Hoolulu's last wife was Halaki, and together, they had several children, one of whom was Kinoole, who in the 1830s married Benjamin Pitman, who later assumed the role as konohiki of Ponahawai (see McKinzie 1983 8 1986; and Barrere 1994). 0 I was perhaps, Kinimaka's relationship with Hoolulu, that led him to initial right of claim to Ponahawai. He Wahl Wolelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 50 (HlPonaha78-031203) Figure 6. Portion of 1926 Tax Map of Hilo Town (revised 1929); Detail of Ponahawai-Punahoa Section Lands showing Kulean and Historic Reference Points (Real Property Tax Office Honolulu) He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 51 (HiPonaha76451203) 0 0 U day Ululani Street, crossing what is now to Komohana Street, and continuing mauka to the upper Ponahawai boundary of the study area. Pitman was married to chiefess Kino'ole, daughter of Ho'olulu and Halaki, and also served as Konohiki (land and resource overseer) in Ponahawai during this period. OPunahoa 13t and 2"d A similar review as described above, was conducted in the records of the Mahele Aina for the lands of Punahoa 15` and 2n4. Enoka Kahakumakaluia, a Konohiki awardee received 846 acres of Punahoa 151 and smaller house lots in the same ahupua'a from the King in the Mahele. Kahakumakaluia's right to the land descended from his grandfather Kuihelani I, and father, Kawailepolepo. John Papa Vi (1959) observed that Kuihelani "an important person...of high station" (I'i 1959:94). S.M. Kamakau (1961) stated that he had been a steward of Kamehameha I, who was also placed in charge of the island of O'ahu in 1796, during the King's return trip to Hawaii to squelch the Namakeha rebellion. Said rebellion ending in the sacrifice of Namakeha on the heiau of Kaipalaoa in Pi'ihonua, neighboring Punahoa (Kamakau 1961:173-174). The 846 acre parcel extended from the mauka rim of Hala'i to the uplands, bounding Ponahawai and Punahoa 2nd. On the Ponahawai boundary, running across the middle pu`u to Pu'u Honu (a part of which is the present study area), and into the forest zone. The smaller house lots were situated on the coastal flats, of what has become Hilo Town. Other land in the lower section of Punahoa 1st and a portion of Ponahawai was awarded as a part of Claim No. 387 to D.B. Lyman for the American Board of .Christian Foreign Missions (AB.C.F.M.) for the Hilo Boarding School and Mission Station. The entire ahupua'a of Punahoa 2nd was awarded to Titus Coan and mission members for the A.B.C.F.W, as a part_ of Claim No. 387. *At various times, sections of the Punahoa lands were conferred to the mission station (see L.C.A. 387 & 509). Conveyance began as early as 1824 at the missions' establishment. With more land being set aside in 1825, as a part of the re -division of lands upon the return of the bodies of Liholiho and Kamamalu on the H.M.S. Blonde. Additional lands, including the ahupua'a acreage were given to the station in 1828, when the young King, Boki (his guardian), Ka'ahumanu and others of the chiefs, went to Hilo. As a result, no other chiefly claims were recorded for Punahoa 2n°. In addition to the claim of Enoka Kahakumakaluia (Helu 463), and the A.B.C.F.M. (L.C.A. 387 & 509), at least seventeen claims for kuleana on Punahoa, were filed. One of those clams (L.C.A. 11298) was made by a foreigner, John Nomore, Nomore's claim was denied, though his house lot is referenced in several claims along the Punahoa-Ponahawai boundary. Four other claims of native tenants were denied as well. Also, three of the native claims (Helu 2228, 2281 & 4276) included lands in both Punahoa and Ponahawai. A total of about fourteen acres were awarded as kuleana in the near shore flatlands of the two Punahoa. The lot sizes ranged from 0.38 to 2.53 acres. The claims of Enoka Kahakumakaluia and the A.B.C.F.M. totaled approximately 12,056 acres. Apparently no native tenant claims for lands above the coastal flats of the Hilo Town vicinity were filed. Based on the criteria for confirming awards of land in the Mahele (laws given at the .beginning of this section), it is not surprising that native claimants limited claims to their house lots and nearby garden (kihapat) plots. This being particularly so as they were in the He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 52 (HlPonaha78-051203) middle of the growing economic center of Hilo Town, and that the emerging use of lands for sugar plantations occurred on lands that had formerly been in the subsistence agricultural field system inventory. In the year 2000, Kumu Pono Associates digitized the entire collection of handwritten • records from the M9hele 'Rina. Most of the records are in the Hawaiian language, and to - date have not been accurately indexed or completely translated. Maly and Maly have conducted an extensive review of the records, and prepared an index of all the records from four primary record sources associated with the Mahele 'Rina. From that research come the following records of claims for kuleana in Ponahawai and Punahoa. The claims are given below in their numerical sequence, some covering both Ponahawai and Punahoa. The claims recorded in Hawaiian include the original handwritten notes (as a digitized image) and an English translation prepared by Maly accompanies the Hawaiian texts. Claims originally recorded in English, generally in the volumes of the Foreign Register and Foreign Testimony are given only as verbatim typed texts (the digitized images are not included here). We also have inserted underlining in the typed texts to draw reader's attention to.selected references in the claims. Ponahawai and Punahoa- Claims and Awards of the Mahele 'Aina Ponahawai—Foreign Register Volume 1:158 ` Helu 242, John G. Perkins Hilo, Byrons Bay, Hilo, Hawaii, October 19, 1846 To the Honorable Board of Commissioners, U, &c, Gentlemen: In pursuance of your advertisement, I hereby lay before you my claim to a • building lot situated on the land of Ponahawai in the bay of Hilo running in front on the main road 106 feet, thence is a northeastern direction towards the beach 183 feet, thence on and along the land held by Paakaua 106 feet, thence to the front 183 feet, forming a rectangular parallelogram containing 19398 feet. The land was given me by Paakaua being a part of his kihapais [cultivated fields] with the sanction and consent of his Excellencies, William Pitt Leleiohoku and Mr. B. Pitman, the Konohiki. Signed, John G. Perkins Ponahawal – Foreign Testimony Volume 5:20, 56 Claim No. 242, John G. Perkins (with Claims No. 190 & 2257) These three claims are obscure, the lots having reverted to the Konohiki (Mr. Benj. Pitman); the claimants having left the Islands for California and no one has appeared to substantiate their claims. They are at present occupied victual ling houses, the owners paying a yearly rent to the konohiki of $4.50. John Pelham, sworn deposed, that he knows these 3 claims to have reverted to the konohiki and the claimants pay a yearly rent of $4.50 to Mr. B. Pitman. [Volume 5:20] • He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 53 (HiPonaha78.051203) Benjamin Pitman, sworn deposed, that Perkins bought this lot of Pakaua [Paakaua], and afterward sold the same lot (his claim) to Benjamin Pitman with all his right and title. Perkins is now in California. [Volume 5:56] • Ponahawai — Native Testimony Volume 4:416 .G/6 sem; 's�i JJV .v �h+nf� ;-iii ,�, Z�.r. �.�•..... &�->t:...r rirse' Alot- /�i.• :�l.Oit .C.'IL• Lt/17?I�J'ri pti /%?� An,- � ✓JLc. Claim No. 242, John G. Perkins Claim No. 1911, Ragsdale Claim No. 2257, John Anderson This claim which the foreigners have filed unclear and has been'retumed to the konohiki there. Pili has been sworn by the work of God as to the irregularity of these claims and for their return to Pitman, the konohiki. Native Testimony Volume 4:667-668 ///!iN •ritn 42- He J He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 54 (HiPonaha78-051203) Helu 242 John G. Perkins Oct. 19, 1849 He sold his property outright to B. Pitman. The work of the Commissioners is finished. Punahoa 13' — Native Register Volume 2:183-184 • 1 AA4 /i 4j �/ d .4 x Q4<� +Q a 4aosaa4r4r, �°- •.//�,.., n.�' cru: �� D//loam a�.��. � 1� wa�H ppa- 0 �..� I'CLCGt' M.ttc.t ave. a iL=- [wyia�' yAo- of-Fz" 1'e�u n• ���• a/�.. � At xe a./,414� 144"7a,4.;- - a _ leu. ��. a ��o/%c; rGo�.: !� M.e....a...ra �.�w-Co• LA - .y. w v bee : s+ • ' m �4. "40r'-IXi �c t��:' ' �a a ..Y. a �,,c� • , 1i1'oapp�e�G�ia-%n4 '1.'/o4swc: .oma Ate.; /;A aws•.ae_ .� . • • ••v �iNa ��sjtsiLY/jLLa �i.//Gc��ct///.'G.�w/�a aA/1� _ JN2ls�TLt �J�jK-/lOGU .[u -✓(J is/l�lLtt'•Gt�p� ' / • ��Q�- �io �� i1/�I �K�vI cr o .�UA ��i.xe.a tt, + �Y►'�,a� �V[�Ga �s'LGC.�////%mac= pc.- �y�nja�.� Ot�� , q /!' I 4W4, � • � tom_ c; rH-r CY7i.L a.cl: -�/C��''�Q-/�Y� �Y�" ra.. « 'tt Ba OZo i...o_. A.vr.a_ duc. • a �Ce. � p�J..�. ..' d^s•o�-�a. O.e�u �'�. •I • He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 55 (HlPonaha7&461203) F -IL C� • ,! f'F/••rf/GLts��aq.s_' �isia�o.,,a� 61a. •�a. � s�rs. �a_�i�..._ ®rs�-�/fc.-. �w� sfte ��c.'.' Helu 463, Kuihelani A letter stating the source of the land claim of Punahoa at Hilo, Island of Hawaii. This is how Enoch got the right to this land, he .is the heir of Kawailepolepo.- These were the King's lands which he gave to Kawailepolepo; Poki got it from Kawailepolepo, Keaholawaia, the husband of Piopio, got it from Poki. That was the time the King went with Poki to Hilo, when the people gave their lands to the King. Kanokapa was the place at which the land was given to the various subjects of the King. This was what Poki said to Kawailepolepo, that Kawailepolepo was over Keaholawaia because our friend lives here in Hilo. From this time until the death is of Kawailepolepo, he had this land and it was then inherited by his son. He Wahl Mo'oieio no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 56 (HiPonahs78-051203) i �N•�sisre HQ ti..•.r 0. �'Ju-' I a� l�+'ud•CL /L�l,� l� m, cs. w.../77lLGr; is�I tr a-u/�ias�. c �Lor'm Il•1.��irs•�e/ Cwt- O -r �,� se ry� lt/��� �yy�({��[�2 _s../gYrei �cCc�p-� pLj/!j'��I LL/(�aa L %/ Q� LV/u-c- iJ'1/-�-� I R s`+•�/�t•P'a.�� /H Q w �lLIt7+I 0.t�slM{ ' ��,;• ,2, �a fid... � R„-. a. �„Q ���,d.a: • ,! f'F/••rf/GLts��aq.s_' �isia�o.,,a� 61a. •�a. � s�rs. �a_�i�..._ ®rs�-�/fc.-. �w� sfte ��c.'.' Helu 463, Kuihelani A letter stating the source of the land claim of Punahoa at Hilo, Island of Hawaii. This is how Enoch got the right to this land, he .is the heir of Kawailepolepo.- These were the King's lands which he gave to Kawailepolepo; Poki got it from Kawailepolepo, Keaholawaia, the husband of Piopio, got it from Poki. That was the time the King went with Poki to Hilo, when the people gave their lands to the King. Kanokapa was the place at which the land was given to the various subjects of the King. This was what Poki said to Kawailepolepo, that Kawailepolepo was over Keaholawaia because our friend lives here in Hilo. From this time until the death is of Kawailepolepo, he had this land and it was then inherited by his son. He Wahl Mo'oieio no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 56 (HiPonahs78-051203) i When the Legislature of Nobles met at Lahaina for the counting of the lands. Enoch inherited these lands, so I heard. Here is Enoch's message to me by letter, for me to tell you, the Land Commissioners, concerning the taking of Punahoa by Kaeo. It is for you to remedy with Kaeo, therefore this letter telling you of what action Kaeo has taken, of his own wishes. The witness of the action at Lahaina on the land, is John Ii, the konohiki and the King. Wailuku. 13 February 1847 H. Kuihelani, foster parent of Enoch. Here are the witnesses, the people who went with the King to Hilo in the year 1828. He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 57 (HiPonaha78-051203) u E • • • Native Testimony Volume 2:553-555 / --�-- 4.13 Slcu � Am 30� 04Z /0�sess�.�4-T. /ysl a. 76t� AAW- cow'", sr•Qa:.,t, , r",IINQ/N•�c. M- /st /R, /SLI* ?'4144 I• �• / • cn. u s- �' ia-, K ///L a./.s itl • �iu�cri4n�e_i, ua lI'YY/-Q- 7'1164 GLz91� Q1K< / /r. Nis- �.ils.r/hlr�JiR. / „!"' t; /hai ✓he Yt/+- .Act. Q.sssa/ Ir Of 'I /iosiaG�i�a-. He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 58 Kumu Pono Associates (HiPonaha78-051203) M ,� (/fes a AlEs/. s t. &' ilm s« u-asiw..•.�. I,Z iW V Q• a/I,t. iL�Lt4. (J•N/a`/ I.Q- (jHAN KI•rsL. 6TiL q-IYs� L+I.- s�Ll� `�isa. All �I o..��+'✓a.. C!• Q.[. .7rr4i ✓e• .4�/ I i//>•Q N/Jir�/. GKK ti .bL I i/•N • 6ALI�Ge .OVet z/�� K. 2 /%%I/2/ls4 ? -I .P/ice/a+t/lllJ�R. P. I- d '�j�"' .// OG'IISI•ga. w� ONo� / ��IL � �a.. Gf•6f//Q�//fstt- iiQ. �s+srase/�•,. fi .a�'itt. - �c/ �' • " I�;4, �//A „o,.,w.�•�i .��jul:: .�m l�seO ..fes 11,Hf/... . ��� Q, iJ,ia-- - /IaL �� • nQ�,� .kis'/ • C. ��nA.e.- CLft-��Q`�r`/� J�LI-sf Ll •�.e. Gr I Ga-aL/� -�(J/�- s.re �lw.. A�+/II•Y�- A/I �I; Iq iw. O/V/o�.� JI Q( /y d. /M•I'a- I /J/b--G`LI/M- 6 X�►T�f. LCI. /JLI JCgt,�' �0N/. /.>��^�•/!/"Ji liY/Rbc-�41/wL/ f.4. j / / f fNw•. /1d/ w/LI- //�-/ sL.. 2 /I L7 RtAsn•4l� b�i/was a/w� �IO-t= .IN'ea ywcs/t: i/�Rfir rwr/si� s Ma. [.sari I iflt-VIII ctAfr �•�Iw.....i l��.f�•a-�,�a• 'ht/..a..�q, He Wahl Weida no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 59 (HiPonaha78-051203) • • frr NrR�%t //(/(lc��as%tyTsr hots, AO;14 a. !i 020 : ya.s.: e N S^"tc-rsd /i -ca_ • /Nss+� Q. KX+ ct�Cs. s .9l R aas�+a�a�� �/11� `Q/('-/_ st /��1� �y�Q- ►�a�-s mat-eri� !/04 Q�sra/►��f/YCJT/1 4"Fc�= JeX04 Jt4 .OY•CLL 6u'�av, LL�QiI � lo Ise- !Rr YZN/6o Helu 463, Kuihelani, Honolulu, March 6, 1848 Kekupanio, sworn and stated. I have seen this land there at Hilo, Hawaii, named Punahoa, the boundaries are thus: on Hilo, the cliff of Punahoa 1; to the uplands, Waiakea; on Hilo One, Ponahawai I; on the shore, Waiakea. In the year 1828, Poki gave me the lands and I gave them to all the people. By this action of the chief, I had given Punahoa to Kawailepolepo and after he had received it, Poki had asked Kawailepolepo to return that property, which he did, Poki then placed Keaholawaia on the land with the instructions that Kawailepolepo be over him. Namauu, sworn and stated. My first understanding is as Kekuapanio stated, the • lands was for Kawailepolepo. Later, about 4 years perhaps, he thought of returning with Auwae who was on Maui, at that time, he was residing here, so he returned to Wailuku and ordered me thus: I am returning to Maui, you watch that should the land of our child be asked for of the King, and if it is asked for, you must deny our land. When Keaholawaia died the land went to Piopio, Piopio lived on the land under Kawailepolepo. When the Overseer went to have all the lands of Hawaii spoken of , and the Ili brought up, at that time, this land was not brought into that process, therefore Keoki, the overseer, took this land, that overseer explained the error of that land, why it was removed, and at that time I spoke with the King so as to retain our land; the King agreed. In the year 1841 this property was taken again by Mahune because the people did not go to help gather the lumber for the Piula house, it was because of Piopio that the people did not go. Afterwards Mahune reported to the King about the removal of the land, and upon hearing of this, Piopio told me about the removal of the land. So I went to the King and told him that Mahune had taken the land away. The King returned the land to Enoch, the son of Kawailepolepo, and below him would be Piopio, that is the way it is to this time; when Piopio died the land was given out without reason. • He Wahl Mo`olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hiio 60 (H/Ponaha78-051203) i Z. Kaauwai, sworn and stated. My first understanding of this land is as Namauu • has stated. IN the year 1840, 1 heard Piopio tell Kaaimalalo thus: The child of ours with Kawailepolepo has been removed. I did not hear that Namauu had asked the King to have that land returned to Enoch. Piopio died in the year 1845, and at that time Kaaimalalo asked me to write a will. They bequeathed their own lands to Kaeo, and the names of the lands to be inherited by Kaeo were included in the will. Haehae's lands were also mentioned in the will for Kaeo, for he was the husband of Kaaimalalo; when this was done, Kaaimalalo also stated the lands of the other relatives; at that time, there came the wife, Kaunahi by name, to ask for Punahoa as her own; Kaaimalalo said, that the lands was for the son of Kawailepolepo. I have heard twice that the land was from Kawailepolepo, and that is what 1. heard from Piopio. That is my testimony. Look on page 246, Book 3. [Testimony of Asa Kaeo for same parcel, contested by Kuihelani 11 on behalf of E. Kahakumakaluia.] . Foreign Testimony Volume 2:226-228 Claim 463, Kuihelani, Counter 12, Kaeo, March 6 Kuapanio, sworn: I know this land called Punahoa II situated at Hilo, Hawaii. Bounded: Mauka by Waiakea; Hilo by Punahoa I; Makai by the sea of Waiakea; Puna side by Ponahawai. It is an ahupuaa. Boki gave me this land in 1828 when he went to Hilo to divide among the people and I was ordered to give this place in dispute to Kawailepolepo and -the King • heard the order. I gave to him from the King through Boki. He taking this gift into possession, Boki asked him for it, and he gave it to him, and Boki then said to him, "You are the Chief over this land and Keaholawaia is to be under you as a resident on this land." In whose hands this land has since been I know not. - Namauu, sworn: I was present and all that has been said by Kuapanio I know to be true. About 4 years after this Kawailepolepo proposed to leave Oahu, where he was living with the King, and go to Wailuku. He said to me, "I am going to Wailuku to live now. I have heard that some are begging Punahoa 11, my land at Hilo from the King, and let it be remembered that it is my land, and no ones besides." When Keaholawaia, who was living under him on the land died, he gave it into the possession of Piopio, his wife, and soon on account of her mischievous conduct and disobedience to Government, she had it taken from her, by Keoho, a luna, who proposed to the King to keep this land for himself. Hearing_ this I reminded the King of Kawailepolepo, and he then said, "You cannot have this land because it will belong to Kawailepolepo and his heir, Enoch." Piopio still remained on the land, and misbehaving herself again, Mahune, a luna hana, removed her, and she came to me to inform me of it. This was in 1841. I went and informed the King. He said, "What, has the land been taken from Piopio a second time?" I said, "Yes." He said, "Let it be restored to her to keep for the child of Kawailepolepo, Enoch." Kawailepolepo died about 1837 and made me his Executor to look to this land for his child, Enoch, who is now about • He Wahl No'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 61 (HlPonaha78-051203) 14. So it was till Piopio died. I have heard she willed this land away, which she had no right to do, having no right in it. Kaeo, said, It was always my opinion that this land belonged to Kawailepolepo's •child, Enoch, and I never thought different till I was told by Kekauluohi, the late Premier, that it was given to Piopio. This was my ground for putting in a claim for this place. Z. Kaauwai, sworn: I can verify all the facts Namauu has sworn to previous to the dispossession of Piopio, the second time by Mahune. I heard Piopio & Kaaimalalo conversing about the difficulty with Mahune concerning this land, and from this conversation I inferred that it belonged to Enoch. In 1845, after Piopio's death, Kaaimalalo said to me, write the will of Piopio, as she dictated it to me and according to one agreement that whichever of us two died first, should have each other's property. I wrote it down accordingly. By this will conjointly with that of Kaaimalalo, all the lands truly belonging to Piopio, Kaaimalalo, and her husband, were to go to Kaeo, the son of Kaaimalalo, Claimant in No. 12. She mentioned to me all her lands, and on coming to Punahoa Il, the one in dispute, she said this belongs to Enoch, heir of Kawailepolepo. Kaunahi, wife of Pikanele said, "To whom does this land, Punahoa belong? and give to me." She replied, "No, I cannot do that because it belongs to Enoch, child of Kawailepolepo." Postp'd to 8th inst. - Resumed March 8th [1848] _ Kanaina, sworn, on part of Kaeo, No. 12 •I heard the land belonged to Kawailepolepo, the same day it was given to him. It was given to the husband of Piopio, to take charge of and he took it under Kawailepolepo & after when Kaahumanu was making the circuit of the Islands, they heard of Boki's death, they arrived at Hilo and were at the house of Keaholawaia where were Piopio, Kaahumanu, Kamehameha "& others. Piopio, whose husband said at that time in their presence, that when they might die, this land would go to Kaeo. This agreement was equal to making a will. I asked them, I understood that Kawailepolepo's right ceased at that time and that the land would fall of consequence to their heir. Piopio asked my opinion. After this when they were at Lahaina on the death of Nahienaena, I understood that Kawailepolepo, who had died, had willed this -place to Enoch, his heir. I do not know whether it was written or verbal - this was under the King. On Piopio's death or soon after, there was a written will which gave this land and her own possessions with what she held under the King to Kaehu, who would hold also under the King all that was not her own. I held those papers. Kaeo stated he had possession of this land since last February. He was instated in it last February by the Premier, subject to the decision of the Land Commission. See FT Vol. 5 page 76. [No. 12, Asa Kaeo] • He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 62 (HiPonaha78-051203) Royal Patent 5707 — Punahoa ist Kuihelani (no E Kahakumakaluia) Kulean Helu 463 ...G.W.C. Jones the present occupier of the said Ahupuaa of Punahoa io, has presented to the Minister of the Interior a certificate of the Commissioners of Boundaries for the Island of Hawaii, defining the boundaries of a portion of said Ahupuaa as hereinafter described... July 29, 1872... Commencing at the North East comer oft is land at a 6x6 red wood Dost on edge of ditch on the mauka slope of Halai Hill, on which is nailed a copper plated marked P, and running along Punahoa 2nd according to Royal Patent No. 1946. ODUIn U4- 90 YY. muci VI ODUUI D.7- YV. IIII2iU.1 tlOtl {CtlL VYGI NIG WV VI NIG middle hill to a stone buried at its Western base; thence South 590 30'W. (true) or S. 500 W. (mag.) 2666 feet to a pile of stones a few feet S.W. of a dead Kukui tree, and 50 ft. or so west of a grove of kukui trees; thence S. 820 15' W. (true) or S. 720 45' W. (mag.) 462 ft. or 7.00 chains to pile of stones on ahua; thence S. 680 W. (true) or S. 580 30; W. (mag.) 1430 ft. to a pile of stones on ahua on old timber road just above stream and small swamp; thence N. 890 45' W. (true). or S. 820 37' W. (mag.) 3772 ft. to rock on ahua marked P and a pile of stones; thence S. 810 28' W. (true) or S. 720 08' W. (mag.) 338 ft.; thence S. 680 W. mag 1090 ft. to ahua, marked ++ and by a pile of stones; thence S. 660 38'W. (true) or S. 57 0 08'W. (mag) 2986 [ft.] to North W. Lilac or Pride of India tree at Kalama; thence S. 660 15' W. (true) or S. 560 20' W. (mag) 3816 ft. to a small kukui tree in the edge of woods on N.W. side of road, marked by two copper plates marked P; thence through woods S. 730 55' W. (true) or S. 640 W. (mag) 13,173 ft, to and across.makai end of lava flow of 1855 & 1856. 188 ft. S. of where the road strikes the lava, and marked y a pile of stones, where the line again enters the woods, into which it runs 2664 ft. to mauka corner of land marked by blazing'the trees and planting the yellow -foreign gingers; thence along the land of Ponohawai N. 810 12' E. (true) or N. 710 42' E. (mag) 3925 ft. to blazed Koa tree on which is deeply cut H, and gingers planted (Hedychenin Garduerienum); thence S. 700 20' E. (true) or S. 7V30 E. (mag) 75 ft.; thence S. 70 13' E. (true) or S. 15 0 02' E. (mag) 210 ft.; thence S. 150 51' E. (true) or S. 240 40' E. (mag) 93 ft.; thence S. 370 38' E. (true) or S. 470 27' E. (mag) 189 ft.; thence S. 440 46' E. (true) or S. 540 35' E. (mag) 130 ft.; thence S. 230 34' E. (true) or S. 320 25' E. (mag) 206 ft. to gingers; S. 830 35' E. (true) or S. 860 55' E. (mag) 93 ft.; thence N. 660 58' E. (true) or N. 57° 28' E. 133 ft.; S. 820 05' E. (true) or S. 900 E. (mag) 90 ft. to gingers; S. 670 38' E. (true) or S. 740 08' E. (mag) 68 ft.; S. 810 30' E. (true) or S. 840 58' E. (mag) 96 ft.; N. 650 34' E. (true) or N. 600 04'E. (mag) 110 ft: thence along ancient road N. 790 E. (true) or N. 710 30' E. (mag) 54 ft. to gingers; N. 590 E. (true) or N. 500 E. (mag) 83 ft.; S. 600 23' E. (true) or S. 690 53' E. (mag) 53 ft.; N. 620 37' E. (true) or N. 530 07' E. 64 ft.; N. 200 E. (true) or N. 100 30' E. (mag) 62 ft. to gingers; N. 620 54' E. (true) or N. 520 24' E. (mag) 52 ft.; S. 770 38' E. (true) or S. 870 08' E. (mag) 67 ft.; S. 860 43' E. (true) or N. 840 17' E. (mag) 112 ft.; N. 620 52' E. (true) or N. 530 22' E. (mag) 145 ft.; N. 680 22' E. (mag) 120 ft. to gingers; N. 400 12' E. (mag) 147 ft.; N. 770 28' E. (mag) 97 ft.; N. 580 34' E. (mag) 111 ft.; N. 880 17' E. (mag) 125 ft; N. 700 34' E. (mag) 80 ft.; S. 810 25' E. (mag) 150 ft. to gingers; S. 470 25 E. (mag) 68 ft.; S. 300 28' E. (mag) 173 ft. to gingers; S. 300 28' E. (mag) 173 ft.; S. He Wahl Waldo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 63 (HlPonaha78-051203) 0 11 • • 430 27' E. (mag) 78 ft. to gingers; Leaves ancient road, thence N. 810 E. 250 ft. to gingers; N. 620 12' E. (mag) 112 ft. to ginger 12 ft. N. of station; N. 790 23' E. (mag) 195 ft. to bottom of kualapa or ridge; N. 730 38' E. (mag) 167 ft. along foot of ridge to ginger; N. 670 28'E. (mag) 216 ft. to head of small gulch; S. 760 30'E. (true) or S. 870 02' E. (mag) 137 ft. along gulch; N. 50014' E. (true) or N. 380 47' E. (mag) 53 ft. N. 730 04' E (true) or No. 610 32 E. (mag) 95 ft.; N. 330 20' E. (true) or N. 210 48' E. (mag) 80 ft. to gingers; N. 540 20' E. (true) or N. 420 52' E. 129 ft.; N. 790 40' E. (true) or N. 680 28' E. (mag) 110 ft.; N. 630 29' E. (true) or N. 570 50' E. (mag) 151 ft.; N. 620 29' E. (true) or N. 510 40' E. (mag) 163 ft. to gingers; S. 800 39' E. (true) or N. 880 25' E. (mag) 101 ft.; S. 200 22' E. (true) or S. 320 50' E. (mag) 70 feet; N. 800 E. (true) or N. 670 32' E. (mag) 80 ft.; N. 900 E. (true) or N. 750 20' E. (mag) 75 ft. to gingers; N. 310 E. (true) or N. 140 55' E. (mag) 76 feet; N. 660 40' E. (true) or N. 570 32' E. (mag) 168 ft.; N. 110 57' E. (true) or N. 50 35' E. (mag) 75 feet; N. 480 36' E. (true) or N. 410 23' E. (mag) 192 ft.; N. 350 36' E. (true) or N. 280 27' E. (mag) 40 ft. to gingers; N. 620 15' E. (true) or N. 550 12' E. (mag) 43 ft.; N. 350 WE (true) or N. 280 27' E. (mag) 115 ft.; N. 580 52' E. (true) or N. 510 47' E. (mag) 165 ft. to gingers; S. 730 09' E. (true) or S. 810 40' E. (mag) 86 ft.; N. 720 05' E. (true) or N. 640 34' E. (mag) 60 ft.; N. 750 WE (true) or N. 770 35' E. (mag) 115 ft.; S. 670 40'E. (true) or S. 580 09' E. (mag) 87 ft. to gingers; N. 690 57' E. (true) or N. 780 05' E. (mag) 77 ft.; S. 570 00' E. (true) or S. 480 05' E. (mag) 83 ft.; N. 670 25' E. (true) or N. 740 53' E. (mag) 361 ft. to gingers; N. 880 33' E. (true) or S. 850 12' E. (mag) 130 ft.; S. 740 53' E. (true) or S. 680 38' E. (mag) 168 ft.; N. 570 53' E. (true) or N. 490 05' E. •(mag) 126 ft.; N. 840 53' E. (true) or N. 760 50' E. (mag) 174 ft.; N. 600 00' E. (true) or N. 510 57' E. (mag) 148 ft.; S. 710 57' E. (true) or S. 780 50' E. (mag) 50 ft.; N. 810 51' E. (true) or N. 740 28'E. (mag) 100 ft.; S. 780 54' E. (true) or N. 870 45' E. (mag) 67 ft.;. S. 800 05' E. (true) or N. 700 25' E. (mag) 185 ft. to mauka edge of Kawa; N. 900 E. (true) or N. 810 30' E. (mag) 274 ft.; S. 640 29' E. (true) or S. 790 59' E. (mag) 90 ft. to P cut in rock 15 ft. below 8 5 ft above station; S. 420 11' E. (true) or S. 510 21' E. (mag) 142 ft. to P cut on edge of Kawa; N. 700 23' E. (true) or S. 600 57' E. (mag) 205 ft.; N. 700 03' E. (true) or S. 600 37' E. (mag) 164 ft. to P marked in bed of stream; S. 760 25' E. (true) or S. 830 55' E. (mag) 234 ft.; N. 560 32' E. (true) or N. 590 02' E. (mag) 286 ft. to P marked in bed of stream; N. 230 28' E. (true) or N. 150 28' E. (mag) 168 ft. to P marked in bed of stream; N. 470 25' E.- (true) or N. 400 E. (mag) 365 ft. to point 30 ft. N.E. of place marked P; S. 440 20' E. (true) or S. 520 20'W. (mag) 178 ft.; N. 730 27' E. (true) or N. 650 27' E. (mag) 165 ft. to pile of stones on the edge of stream; N. 590 40' E. (true) or N. 500 40' E. (mag) 144 ft. to P marked in bed of stream; N. 840 40' E. (true) or N. 770 40' E. (mag) 132 ft. to P marked in bed of stream; N. 320. 04' E. (true) or N. 250 04' E. (mag) 179 ft. to P marked in bed of stream; N. 86" 50' E. (true) or N. 760 50' E. (mag) 143 ft. to P marked in bed of stream; S. 390 25' E. (true) or N. 490 25' E. (mag) 158 ft.; N. 420 48' E. (true) or N. 330 48' E. (mag) 130 ft. to P marked in bed of stream; S. 660 E. (true) or S. 740 40' E. (mag) 270 ft. to P marked in rock below Kawa; N. 730 04' E. (true) or N. 650 56' E. (mag) 430 ft. to kukui tree marked P south side of stream; N. 160 48' E. (true) or N. 70 ITE. (mag) 355 ft. to P marked in bed of stream; N. 570 38' E. (true) or N. 480 38' E. (mag) 200 ft. to P marked in bed of stream; N. 31148' E. (true) or •N. 230 48' E. (mag) 236 ft. to P marked in bed of stream; N. 750 32' E. (true) or N. 660 07' E. (mag) 158 ft. to P marked in bed of stream; N. 250 52' E. (true) or He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 64 (HiPonaha78-051203) N. 170 52' E. (mag) 211 ft. to P marked in bed of stream; N. 320 22' E. (true) or N. 250 40' E. (mag) 253 ft. to P marked in bed of stream; S. 88° 57' E. (true) or N. 850 E. (mag) 171 ft.; N. 210 50' E. (true) or N. 30° 50' E. (mag) 195 ft. to pile of stones in gulch, edge of woods; N. 310 45' E. (true) or N. 22° ITE. (mag) 560 ft. to a pile of stones; N. 790 05' E. (true) or N. 700 05' E. (mag) 2892 ft. to a pile of stones on ahua and bamboos; N. 80° 37' E. (true) or N. 700 37' E. (mag) 2044 ft. to a pile of stones on ahua and bamboos; N. 64° 05' E. (true) or N. 550 35' E. (mag) 3998 ft. to Kukuiula Station, marked by a red wood post in the around with of the middle hill to ditch on slope of Halai hill; thence N. 43120' W. (true) or N. 530 20' W. (mag) 280 ft. along ditch to place of commencement; and containing an area of 846 acres. [survey by J.M. Lydgate]. Punahoa 1'r & 2nd and Ponahawai — Foreign Register Volume 2:19, 45-46 Claim No. 509 J.D. Paris Hilo Dec. 25, 1846 [A.B.C.F.M. — Sandwich Island Mission, Helu 387] ... Hilo, Hawaii. Lands held by the Mission at Hilo. 1" Punahoa. This land was given by Kaahumanu I & is bounded E, by Byron's Bay; N. by Piihonua & S. by Punahoa. The boundaries of this land are well understood by natives of the vicinity. All the dwelling houses at the station, belonging to the Mission are on this land; also the buildings & yards of the two boarding schools together with all the cultivation connected with the school for boys, & a considerable portion of that belonging to the school for girls. A portion of this land is worthless, except for pasturage & is used for that purpose. A small portion is occupied by natives; another& probably the largest portion is still a forest. On the shore this land is supposed to be from 10 to 15 rods wide. The section occupied for the schools & dwelling houses may be from 25 to 30 rods in breadth. 2° That portion of Punahoa 2° & Ponahawai which is situated on the hill surrounding an old crater, directly back of the land now cultivated for the boarding schools. This land was granted the mission for a pasturage at or about the same time as the former & was enclosed together with that portions of Punahoa 1st on the same hill, previously to 1831. 3° A section of Punahoa 2n° 34 rods long & 18 broad, given about the same time, as those before specified. On this plot of ground, a large protestant He Wahl Mo`clelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 55 (H1Ponaha78-051203) 11 • U meeting house & a native school house now stand. Also a stone building erected by the mission for a dwelling house, but now occupied as a school house. This land is bounded: N. by Punahoa 151; E. by Punahoa 2n°; South by Ponahawai & West by Punahoa 2n°. • Note: Rcv'd 2 August a Survey from Mr. Metcalf of above Premises — registered in full Page 92... Punahoa 1s & 2id and Ponahawai – Foreign Register Volume 2:92-96 Claim No. 387, Protestant A. Mission claims, continued from page 46 Notes of survey of the A. Mission, Premises, Punahoa. Hilo, Hawaii. [Punahoa-Pi'ihonua Boundary] Commencing at the east corner of place now occupied by Rev'd Mr. Paris at corner of Pitman & Punahoa Streets & running North 520 30' East 12 chains 5 3/12 feet along N.W. side of Punahoa St. to E. comer of Halai's fence; about 1 ch. above high water mark. Thence N 240 30'W. 3 Ch. 2 8/12 ft. along Halai's makai fence (as now is) & to stake at Piihonua 1/7 chain above high water mark. Then following boundary line between this (Punahoa 2°) & Piihonua to Kukui tree marked B (see diagram) by these courses & distances, Viz.: S. 680 %: W. 45 2/100 ch. Thence S. 550 1/2 W. 4 9/100 ch.; S. 650 W. 4 72/100 ch. to Pitman St. S. 550 W. 45/100 of a chain across St. S. 540 W. 2 59/100 ch. S. 590 W. 1 29/100 ch. S. 520 % W. 4 01/100 ch. S. 46 % W. % ch. S. 490 W. 7 80/100 ch. to W. corner of Mr. Lyman's school lot. S. 450 % W. 53 ch. S. 670 % W. 15 20/100 ch., Kukui B. •Thence from point of Commencement following boundary line between this and Punahoa 161 by these courses & distances. -.Viz.: S. 480 % W. 4 92/100 ch. S. 510 % W. 4 % ch. S. 480 E. 95/100 of a ch. across Punahoa St. to W. Comer of Church ground on Punahoa 1". S. 40 1/: W. 14 88/100 ch. to N. course of Chinamen's cane fields. S. 410 % W. 9 % ch. S. 480 W. 4 28/100 ch. S. 550 1/z W. 3 33/100 ch.. [to Punahoa-Ponahawai boundary] South 540 % W. 3 % ch. S. 450 W. 3 3/7 ch. to stake on Kuauna at Makai foot of to stake at foot on mauka side. S. 560 W. 40 40/100 ch. to Kukui tree marked A. S. 720 % W. 1 ch. to pile stones as far as measured on this side --then N. 370 W. 12 chains across to Kukui marked B. Including an area of 125 acres. That part of this survey makai of stone Wall on mauka side of Mr. Lyman's school house land contains an area of 19 acres -9/10. Note: The Natives say the boundary lines of this land on to Woods are the same as drawn on Map. Notes of Survey of the ""Church Ground" (including the Wm. Beckley claim) on • Punahoa 1s1. He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponshawai at Hilo 66 (HiPonaha78-051203) Commencing at stake at west corner of this land on Puna side of Punahoa St. & running: S. 481 E. 3 % ch. along land claimed by Paiwa to stake at S. comer of this land — thence N. 46° East 6.67/100 ch. along land occupied by Kaapa to S. corner of Ki fence & lot claimed by Wm. Beckley. Thence N. 500 E. 5 63/100 ch. along Ki fence to post at E. corner on Volcano St. Thence N. 570 45 W. 3 48/100 ch. along Mauka side of Volcano St. to Punahoa St. Thence S. 51 ° W. 4 60/100 ch. along Punahoa St. to W. corner of Ki fence & comer of lot claimed by Wm. Beckley. Thence S. 480 30' W. 7 16/100 chains along Punahoa St. to place of commencement. Including an area of in all 4 acres 141100. The William Beckley claim has an area of acres 16-7/100. See diagram in the two following pages. He Wahi Mo`olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 67 (HiPonaha78-051203) • • 0 A He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponshawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 68 (HiPonaha78-051203) • He Wah! Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 69 (HiPonaha78-051203) 0 • • Native Testimony Volume 3:462-464 dr , Ala �2'c< tt./%�� Li •/�. Bair,. o �«sv o. •-� <!G!� . • 11 .Na+ � YII-w %r4 rs..�� ga.if�% /K�f ;//l�ts�^ R.0 GrGrw Ga. djr 4.�.•c� . (.!� O LYf^+�t o•. '�• R ryt� � a/ t% t7Q-Kt Y2rJY�Qiss. ! � f:. ✓. ae. i i� I .?er vY7A+ �j/IR�MA / IL!/ � /��� �!'•' %L'ii.K � iVll� 01AI�.— /H /K//[w 4i i,Y /JepILW /c!///r4 •� (/•� �dif w.• !2/w7 �.> Oit C. = f'ja� /i;�tiss,ul� /' [%t. (/1e.fi2tc4+./?2fi /�.Qi1+. :� '/s�•. — is. j �� �.%- safe. -o �-�= y..-< � o•a.`i,..Ast.t-s..�e. � i • %/w �s?.�:�•iQsl� F' 10, i G« milia+ e �w� nA, Nc+.�?0��.' � •" /�'•-G+ ' /� �t, ir'R �a•i v %yr <7•/T Q�t: ll�K� / //R QCI•�cLC. f'l C•v { n..--y� R w St .4.9.c tL.� .^ ' fild/•s.. i. � ��lr�/�Cr-1I+ IIlI :salt.. --c � I f� rylf.ca..� c ,�.?.s`ic..IL• �r�..... .0 a:., I �fdz� � �>r" •Q-�:..--- 4 C -a saw: ./.i ete- �-p' I,•... 's, c..: 7z. =�lG ri/'i1• n-. 1�'!. /�li li��oo-t �'.fifti� •-Y� / ', iyc�ri s+, c t6.w.l� I LsRR a! Q%• 1110 /art Gi. f a 1�000� He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 70 (H!Ponaha78-051203) -4,41 r is✓f✓ ANS • •• 0a, Ater- s-rsa. 4l71.w-4..4-e �bR-'.r•a. ' ///f♦ • I' -I ' ^ I.A%rra fes•. , 4 KI ryJ...�II�Va' - .�•n»...a, A /J.i` .�ae� It�i I�td/2Liy �ii,sa.a.a s-ea.1 r.yy.. ✓wL' a "' � /11 rI1.. •w /mrd♦,./Ytw �b /!•t.tv d�s,.r / � H�L.+ /J�L.J✓i1 r � I -N 6IIa4 _ .�•� yV/�C. L �r•J�JLr�i J t! � OL ii. - ♦ Y/ O Ory�l4ss-. R.. �I /s/Li! Ii.. � � ♦P. �/ .. •�� /. .a:J-r . . 62tae� � •srOe�; �... /dam /l/.ea. %lam a....: 1I aixsi-..o-�•.o.. .moi-.�i/t�ie. .n/.�6 oa.a..%d -s•..i t7�� /x.1.4., /vi.a+.' ..a: ..r+ •oa.�.: �- s+�. 9//1+ffIQ-Ir s..� ✓ ore d+-• �' 4sr d 4 Y/lill �f'R/�., .ilN 3 w ' .,-/Jjr/JJM�.jI... I/J�s�•�^� I�f4.A��-•._�'�/• /�+.�� Ji/•fo r►F ��f..I . '' ' ^ . L, /wc I/ v'ta J I,.Fr/ �/ �.•r/✓�Ji�fJC .✓!Lu .rs. /l. -a /Jw A//s.= -¢/lEe. . I.f,'�/ /. ai�ias.l. •: • � J�./1.J.Gr r�.. a/,s.. .I. • /l. -a.. /l..r.G s,.. • /Ti./. ..Js... � r✓,. o-+.. �+. ✓�%- irr ml./cam.' os. OPs -�' Irs..itf �/i la--� � ILL � Ji'riVrJ O / Ni .++ ✓/L•J�%s��.' . • rr.�: • Dae -- - = �- Qf/+au�f�: O%Ow.. /r'v.� , 4, a•e .60^9.1 1 � / IO r!t-s,r Is.. •e%/Ii% / •nn rh''..a/?�i./? i �i w�i �'�+.. er olva � you e%j+I /!1•.41r /� bs.es /Y+• ti�s � /Ji"J:� i - •. 7/C/ .. iZe Q...,r ti %-�/G.�o/J...-.•/�...• . Ii;,••�%JR..//j Le .w.�t He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 71 (HlPonaha78-051203) • • • 0 • • t;« �I -AK.4, Za,e Ir v x111, Nw��A� O Zti /ham Ga. 12�wr . a lAeld 4/2.-- i J&d.do, Helu 387, Missionaries' Claim, Section IV, Hilo, Hawaii, May 4, 1849 T. Coan, sworn and stated: I have seen and I am familiar with Hilo. Punahoa is the general name of that entire area and there are two areas. I have seen the boundaries of west Punahoa for I had lived there in 1834 and I think.they have been established through the survey of Melekapu. There were several natives .living there under the missionaries. Land was given to M. Mikuluiki [Rev. Goodrich] and the missionaries in 1824, after which Kaahumanu and the chiefs went there and gave that place to him. Some house lots have been enclosed, but most of them have not been enclosed. I have always lived there peacefully from the beginning. The remaining area makai of the chapel has been disputed. This place has been given by Kaahumanu to "Keiki Misinele° (Missionary Keiki), a long time ago and since that time, several missionaries have lived there. Keiki, Andrew, Clark, Green, Dibble, Lyman, Wilcox. The missionaries had allowed Piopio to live there and upon her death, her husband thought the place was hers. There were no objections until 1846, when he claimed that the land was his because Piopio had lived there under the missionaries, so he threatened to break down the school house and sell it to Wm. Beckley. The missionaries did not approve the sale conveyance of this place by Kaeo. Lyman, sworn and stated: I have seen .the land of the missionaries in Hilo from 1832 and I have lived there since that time to the present. I think the surveying done by Melekapu is correct. The missionaries have lived there peacefully since I have lived there to this time. A small parcel only, makai of the chapel, remains outside of the missionaries' boundaries. I had built,my house on that disputed area and have stopped living there after three years. However, there is cultivation there by some natives with my permission and Piopio had asked for taro land to which Coan had consented. When we came to the Legislature last year, Kaeo Eleele sold that land. Andrew, sworn and stated: I have seen the disputed land while I was living there as a missionary in 1829. 1 had lived there for nine months in the house of Keiki and on the land which was given for farming. No one denied the missionaries living there and when I returned to Maui, Green went there. He Wahl MoWelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 72 (HlPonaha78-051203) Ponahawai — Native Register Volume 2:625 C�JJCna//si a. ��.�•-rs c�� a ate Av- air c. 40- 024 &"04"-I�: o-ttisc%e2Wcc S6 rs r a fs.l. a az'c" Aze olipf 0 o ; c�a�?,rr/fZw e" a e� a-vo +- a-y�}� .i 4 rd4-do ... a/fs�c ' ccso. O "' 00-tafZ�L.3-[�� CG=� �P['� O (!U O?-LQ'�K�[•�L �� E11�'J: hal4w,4, WU November 10 Helu 1093 Kahalehau Hear Ye, O Commissioners sitting on the Island of Oahu, Capital in Honolulu, we two have a thought to explain to you about our residence in this ahwuaa of Ponahawai Here is the length of our lot. 53, and the width is 43. By Kahalehau [No subsequent records regarding this claim, under this Helu were located; notes . on following claims by Kahalehau, indicated that the original claim (above) was lost, and a new Helu 11048 B, assigned.] He Wehi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 73 (HiPonaha78-051203) 0 �J is • U Native Testimony Volume 4:472 x /��r L!/LY .�Y!/It4• .11fi. (�ifi .!/11%/// 6C KJy /�/1-'�/.• G.•/I�t. GLG �-'H•!I!/ / ��'M/��G• ✓ I-H/K�l1.aRraK. G(.G l:`lLL�GG/� G!!./'/��Z�svl�aG• �/i /L r/Y l41!lLYi7 i/i�rx.. /�i 7Z14LGYr.G- //!r/1 ..7.t-'- %GGA Oi��[�sLss►s�� .. .I.t i (Z. /Z/ OAc L IT �iL�^ 'yJQi Z/•!L �f-!�l•9�G/`� Fif„/L' 9fil e Jw , A��/ J L♦ •7//7c�'/�Ki.I.L �I2 ,t //��K� ite u- .v Claim lost [new number assigned] Helu 11048 B, Kahalehau, Nov. 23 (Probably 11048 B.) Kapuna, sworn and stated: I have seen it in the M of Kamakawili in Ponahawai, Hilo, Hawaii. House lot Parcel: Mauka by Government road; Hamakua by Konohiki Makai by stream; Puna by Kahaui's lot. Two cultivated gardens, five houses therein, one for Kahalehau, four for his people. Land from Paakaua in 1843. Kahalehau is living here. Hewahewa, sworn and stated: I know this to be just as Kapuaa. He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponshawal at Hilo 74 (HiPonaha78.051203) Helu 11048 B, Kahalehau Foreign Testimony Volume 5:38 This claim has not been forwarded to Hilo. Kapuna, sworn deposed, he knows the claim of Kahalehau to be situated on the Ahupuaa Ponahawai in the iii of Kamakawili, that it is an house lot bounded on the West by main road; on the North by Konohiki•, on east by stream of water, and on the South by the land of [name illegible]; contains 2 fields and 5 houses, 1 his dwelling house and 4 houses for his people. He received it from Paakaua in the year 1843. His right has never been disputed. Hewahewa, sworn deposed, that this evidence of Kapuna was true. Ponahawal — Native Register Volume 2:626 A. /�Ll� G O?.CY. �LIiYLRr rI'7'1T022!/p�LC<LYiZA [�/�L� a ��-' fr, kall- 1414 ,. Y0?71� H lam- r,.,�a. Gt•�-'�.� .Aay .� d& He Wahl Mo'clelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 75 (H1Ponaha78-051203) • • • • Helu 1095, Peleula Island of Hawaii, Ponahawai, Hilo, 18 November 1847 Know, O Commissioners who Quiet Land Titles, officiating on the Island of Oahu, in the capital at Honolulu, I, Peleula, hereby tell of my house lot claim in Before William L. Lee, J.H. Smith, Z. Kaauwai, John Ii, N. Namauu. With thanks, Peleula Native Testimony Volume 4.409 isy.1G�-.._.._.. _ /IH rf/ /'C�li ��1. (i {-JY�'s+1 ✓'�� . � � �'sf- r '7//(/H R. r ;• a,.f%.c� �s..if. �.7+��-..�c�. ate � e.,� .ci[,'.ti :jc'ias.� - - .l.v 4 �,i/,! L4l -E� �s.c-L, fr,�.cl�t..c iio� �•/1�.... ' •. November 8, 1848 Helu 1095, Peleula Halaki12, sworn, and stated: I have seen, there in the Ahupuaa of Ponahawai, Hilo, Hawaii, a house lot. Mauka is a new Government Road; Hamakua is Konikiki's lot; Makai is Government Road; and towards Puna is the Road going to the uplands. It has been enclosed and there is a dwelling house for him. We two [Halaki and her late husband] gave it to him 1844. There have been no new objections to him. 12 Halaki was the wife of Hoolulu, son of Kameeiamoku, one of the twin chiefs and uncles of Kamehameha i. The • children of Hoolulu and Halaki were Kaiheekai (K.), Mooheaunui (k), Kahina (w.) and Kinoole (w.), in the late 1830s, Kinoole married Benjamin Pitman, who became the Konohiki of Ponahawai, assuming the role that his father-in-law once held. He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 76 (HiPonaha78-051203) Foreign Testimony Volume 5:6 Helu 1095, Peleula Halaki, sworn deposed, she knows the land of Peleula to be situated on the Ahupuaa Ponahawai, that it is a house lot bounded on the west by the new road; on the North by John Nomore's ground; on the East by the old main road; and on • the South by a road separating it from Puniana's lot; it is enclosed, has 1 dwelling house and 1 cook house belonging to claimant. He received it from Halaki in gift in the year 1844, since which time he has lived thereon without anyone disputing his right. Only 1 witness, Halaki the donor. Ponahawal — Native Register Volume 2:626 G I _ � � �• ar+a /L off' !zG - 04w lap- Me iesMe Aog- acro *,2r �r �, �rwc�i • Helu 1096, Hiona Island of Hawaii, Ponahawai, Hilo, 18 Nov. 1847 Know, O Commissioners who Quiet Land Titles officiating on the Island of Oahu, in the capital at Honolulu: 1, Hiona, describe my house lot claim in Hilo, in the Ahupuaa called Ponahawai, stating the—.length—and width of the four side; 138 feet on the shoreward side; 240 feet on the Puna side; 234 feet on the upland side; 330 feet on the Hilo side. Before William L. Lee, J.H, Smith, Z. Kaauwai, John Ii, N.-Namauu. With thanks,. By Hiona • He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 77 (H1Ponaha78-051203) 0 • • Native Testimony Volume 4:415 l,��R�s-sec, �i l7zacn��r///JJ`.t• !/LLo>cysss��/� Gfiss-jios-rsc�.y�+"•'1 /�'giiruz/%l.�.c�ct� .�Y�s.�a. � ✓,X.f.ys� pe,, f72ct..� /grt' c�it� /fa••/����, rrsa..e, ��ssa,�.. /I�1y"i G(6cuCsc/a- /yr�I, .*%W le • vLs//t. �Lre. l�Ltc,L��f• 1 fis , Ife, h �ca-ruc lr.. - /u- _ �) u.,e.. •%L,t w �LR•r c.s+r-, oLt � if. uwc_.�l.�i�/J�c.se_ • awe /, // �c t r� rrca. /�i �ltiCe� �u �9u�, •[�G/� �r.� �fz/ i I Helu 1096, Hiona and Kauakahi, November 9 Lahaina, sworn: I have seen in the ahupuaa of Ponahawai, Hilo, Hawaii, a house lot and a cultivated place. The Government Road is mauka; Punahoa Ahupuaa on Hamakua; a pond is makai; Kaulua's lot is on Puna side. It is enclosed with a wall, there are two houses; 1 house for Hiona, 1 house for Kauakahi; Kauakahi has a property right within this lot. Also at Punahoa, they two have some coconut trees. No one objects to them. Kawa, sworn: I have seen this kuleana, it is just as Lahaina has stated. I know that Kauakahi has a property right in this place. He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 78 Kumu Pono Associates (HiPonaha78-051203) Foreign Testimony Volume 5:9 • Helu 1096, Hiona Lahaina, sworn deposed, said he knows the land of Hiona to be situated on the Ahupuaa Ponahawai; that it consists of a house lot, part of which is on Punahoa; it is bounded on the West by the main road; on the N. by the Ahupuaa Punahoa; on the E. by the fish pond; and on the South by Kaulua's ground. It is enclosed and has 2 houses, 1 belonging to Hiona and the other to Kahukai, who has a right on that part on Punahoa, and Hiona on the part situated on Ponahawai. There is no difficulty as to their claim. Kaua, swom deposed, that the evidence of Lahaina was true. Ponahawai — Native Register Volume 2:626-627 /. ' .<�sGYi.Y-� �/N.6t_/Ilwv'H�l•4C• •/��7'LAJL�17ff�H • Jac fi i Q f rnv�iGl+•�• ; /lam s�lN'ti a ���Q-- � "" "" _ _ ��/ — Al", f� / • !7 6 Aft- 4"z'— �.rq.o t�iLFi. U%l�'"7777 __G�OCr� �� A /1s /�oo�* %•di • f/ .,f'� ��ay9q,�yyclL[� 1117��f �»�+•b+s�/c� • �'L �'•v Lwwr*.0✓acs, �i�-s'K� a�i� .�Y../Yc>•m �-�- ,�OLa Helu 1097, Paakaua, Island of Hawaii, Ponahawai, Hilo, 18 Nov. 1847 Know, O Commissioners who Quiet Land Titles, officiating on the Island of Oahu, in the capital at Honolulu, 1, Paakaua, hereby tell of my house lot claim in side. Before William L. Lee, J.H. Smith, Z. Kaauwai, John Ii, N. Namauu. With thanks • By Paakaua He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview o/ Ponahawai at Hilo 79 (HlPonaha78-051203) Native Testimony Volume 4:413 . I !/GfjH IJL..n e.1 /LJ'Q•%1 xv, ae-;aa. L 'A ,.•r•/-: J,yr0 �j,O'.tl••+.G. . /7Ll.�Ti�j d •4[i�i.41i, /r.0 oe �fifr"ri.-ti/� /l/ •iG/J/!�,d %rs� e!!�/ce.-- fA:.-�rp.- J r --[' •IR /J !/ilk-: !?6r ,yJR� G QUA a?L: i�l�t 4!I !r%laafi�.[.r1 yii t•r�i�•� a•�re.s.: �..<r.ra.. rPiiA •./i��d•.►a.e•w.:�a�i-mss' /. �`r./%r: I /�r�= fo, -4r J144 _... j w/.ifil��'tlisl •IGrs'•e. �i!� .y'x1r �`:�� ../u a -r rlel .r..� k• 7J4.�' 4-e .sae rr Helu 1097, Paakaua, November 9, 1848 Kanaina, sworn and states: I have seen, there in the Ahupuaa of Ponahawai, • Hilo; Hawaii, a house lot. It's boundaries are Mauka by. Government Road; Hamakua by Kaulua's lot; Makai by pond; Puna by land gotten by the foreigner. It is enclosed with a wall, and there is 1 house for Paakaua. It came from Hopuola in 1840. No one has objected to Paakaua to the present day. Lahaina, sworn and stated: I have known exactly as Kanaina stated. Foreign Testimony Volume 5:9 Helu 1097, Paakaua Kanaina, sworn deposed, that he knows the land of Paakaua to be situated on the Ahupuaa Ponahawai, that it is an house lot and is bounded on the West by the main road; on the N. by Kalua's enclosure; on the E. by the fish pond; and on the South by the enclosure given to John G. Perkins, now occupied by John Stokes. Paakaua received his land from Opuola in the year 1845. 1 know of no difficulty in regard to his claim. Lahaina, sworn deposed, that the evidence of Kanaina was true. John Pelham wished to have the evidence of Mr. B. Pitman, who is the Konohiki as regards that part of Paakaua's land given to Ragsdale and Perkins, now occupied by Stokes and Simmons. Mr. Pitman being absent, his evidence could not be had, deferred until tomorrow or some other day. • He Wahl Mo'clelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kum Porto Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 8o (HiPonaha78-051203) Ponahawal — Native Register Volume 2:627 lqr ,..:. /����// %miff. or,a p(• a 0Wa4c. D / oet cr a. a'/�srti ana- � a� arsac- O�� nzac: v Ae voo&l ce_. v la a �szt �R Iaue�a �J Z /ia'�s�at� • aecvc o o?r a, 0"47, l9yY����?� . �ia a.w �2.ra�rou;• tJP�Gf7se/ Q oa. q�.a /laGo Zfrf,/�fca�ss��', .7•a�v�C.r/. .K��Au.'�. I %%'Q��,.rsat�� , �db• .�.,szi4�; �OG�.,�.Ja.�; �/iveyc�- � Helu 1098, Kaulua Island of Hawaii, Ponahawal, Hilo, 18 Nov. 1847 Know, O Commissioners who Quiet Land Titles, officiating on the Island of Oahu, in the capital at Honolulu, I, Kaulua, hereby describe my house lot claim in the Hilo side: 246 feet on the mauka side. Before William L. Lee, J.H. Smith, Z. Kaauwai, John Ii, N. Namauu. With thanks, By Kaulua Native Testimony Volume 4:406-407 • • � �.v�llffn.. !•^' H/K/wi •✓ ✓V ���Mldrls� He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 81 Kum Pono Associates (HiPonaha78-051203) 0 is • • • ,r "hololce il"or 1.001r [a s e- 1✓k cr- ter. %.• �rs.��iw/`u�. Aow-a Ar a7'-AC41 i"1 "e"i ,h•a/tom . boy , , sr�rs•r�.� .!H /if.r/4- Q91CL!- /fL1 N!t_. I�f!� `� " /s•/ .YJ a/�- �(,//w- � r I /Lt --1 /= i x1+11.* 1.in.> /si 87•.(,c%+lG.r..,/1 .. �CI ✓1 •.i 1./ter /i�r G ��r.L �•rGt %'u i c/ •!%i/i �Yi-✓ !r 'c.. ✓, /i .. i�•/14 :.. . 1 Helu 1098, Kaulua, November 8, 1848 Kauakahi, sworn and state: I have seen, there in the Ahupuaa of Ponahawai, Hilo, Hawaii, a house lot. (Boundaries) Mauka by Government Road; Hamakua by Hiona's lot; Makaj by a Pond for the Konohiki; Puna by Paakaua's lot. It has been enclosed with a wall, and there are 2 houses; one house is for him, and one house for Pika, Pika only has a house lot under Kaulua. Puniawa gave it to him in 1832. No one has objected to him. Lahaina, sworn and stated: I have known exactly as Kauakahi had stated. Foreign Testimony Volume 5:5 Helu 1098, Kaulua Kauakahi, sworn deposed, he knows the land of Kaulua to be situated on the Ahupuaa Ponahawai, that it is a house lot surrounded by a tea [ti] fence and bounded on the West by the old main road; on the North by ground occupied by Kahiona; on the East by the fish pond; and on the South by Paakaua's enclosure. There are 2 houses on it, 1 belongs to Kaulua and 1 to Pika (Peter) who has no other title in the premises but his dwelling house, the right and title being Kaulua's, who received it from Puniawa (who is since dead) in the year 1832. The title to this claim is not clear. Lahaina, sworn deposed, that the evidence of Kauakahi was true. He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 82 (HiPonaha78-051203) Ponahawai— Native Register Volume 2:627 6 ad/tG B of a. rY4vatL X-rvoza. Awnlzezo� _ 4 ' a- h6c ars`�/Lw e/L,rttu, o ar�s-ar/ua/nuc; �tc1.%%TAaA our v fsew �Lcrf�wrsse. W R�[� a 'o LM awm 6'Aae-..E' , V �La�// sc-' i uJir�Ui/�.+iaQQ.c..; cQp. �ityiwd lYruc �+..c GGrwo G /I•LL. V `riA� Q Olr.G [!tt(iCIC.� �91i i�'(.IfJfJNK�ILu VY"R i /Gsc Z ./ �wQrQ c "/Jfc a lla,� 4"r Aa,h-"" '1tlr `aar irc ? '&L ., e �,.Cir...ri ald�G d�/6�• d�i►idil�- .�. S6a�+wa.aa�"�iw�c �' .�1� Helu 1099, Puniana Island of Hawaii, Ponahawai, Hilo, 18 November 1847 Know, O Commissioners who Quiet Land Titles, officiating on the Island of Oahu, in the capital at Honolulu, I, Puniana, hereby describe my house lot claim annotation is imprecise] Before William N. Namauu. With thanks, Puniana 30 feet wide. 2 sides. [original J.H. Smith, Z. Kaauwai, John li, He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 83 (HiPonahs78-051203) • • • Native Testimony Volume 4:408 i 7�C1!lciw �� f2-c�./Zu•L: �.'l o�GG� iJsrccr%w.� I + t• I Helu 10699 [1099], Puniana, Hilo, Hawaii, November 8, 1848 Puaa, sworn and states: I have seen, in the Ahupuaa of Ponahawai, the Ili land of Kaluakapo, Hilo, Hawaii, a house lot. Mauka is my lot; Hamakua is a trail leading to the uplands; Makai is a Government Road; Puna is Kaimana's lot. It has been enclosed with a wall and there is one house for him. He had received it from his father, Puni; and upon Puniana's death on October 31, 1848, it has been bequeathed to his five children. The eldest is: Kekuaiwa, Kamahiai (f.), Haole, Kualau, Like (6 years) He Wahi Mo'olefo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 84 (HlPonaha7&051203) • : Lp.G !/[.�, /ls.,+ CML✓//q��44 etc L/ Z/7/MT���-��G 602'"-C ' . 4iR.1/ •%iIJ, �2 d�/(�l�gAJ G /'SRliH1�lG� /f,� I!a•-'i...% ,/''QIJ►-�.. J'gLt•./!� /!Al.I/ ✓ a, •gyre rllYirlO/!�!� G�/�......-��w,.:• . ��f�Pt.. Vii, u��� � � .'7"4 i �A, c611/llr� ♦ • �//! ✓ LLy � elf' diI H ! /7/'J K/lL JI -♦u. ,, X�//'�4rt !A� %2I Os�lc/R�4%'Li.G•'.:L v�?!'r 111 L / / ` ,'70 (% ✓!l-4�/l. J1r%JbC 1rrlle[' L`H-r/lV rJr4 "PJa..�, ./l//a��••u� iu� v. ! &r fii* jalls[aw .. _ e G' �Qy! -a — �(il�+P+JtcLf7le l �/O-Ca y�,a��c, %l�i!%IE/-r••�� i 7�C1!lciw �� f2-c�./Zu•L: �.'l o�GG� iJsrccr%w.� I + t• I Helu 10699 [1099], Puniana, Hilo, Hawaii, November 8, 1848 Puaa, sworn and states: I have seen, in the Ahupuaa of Ponahawai, the Ili land of Kaluakapo, Hilo, Hawaii, a house lot. Mauka is my lot; Hamakua is a trail leading to the uplands; Makai is a Government Road; Puna is Kaimana's lot. It has been enclosed with a wall and there is one house for him. He had received it from his father, Puni; and upon Puniana's death on October 31, 1848, it has been bequeathed to his five children. The eldest is: Kekuaiwa, Kamahiai (f.), Haole, Kualau, Like (6 years) He Wahi Mo'olefo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 84 (HlPonaha7&051203) Puniana's father had obtained this land during the time of Kamehameha I. No one has objected to him. Peleula, sworn, He has known exactly as Puaa had related here. is Foreign Testimony Volume 5:5 Helu 1099, Puniana, November 8, 1848 Puaa, sworn deposed, that he knows the land of Puniana to be situated on the Ahupuaa Ponahawai on the Ili Kaluakapo, and that it is a house lot bounded on the West by the enclosure of Puaa; on the North by a foot path dividing it from Kapeleula's fence; on the East by the main road; and on the South by the fence of John A. Simmons. It is enclosed by a tea [ti] fence and has one dwelling house belonging to Puniana; has held possession and lived there since the time of Kamehameha 1". Puniana died Oct. 21'' 1848 and his wife died Oct. 23d, 1848 and left 5 children as heirs to his property: Kekuaiwa k., Clt. 19; Kamahiai w., Clt. 17; Haolenamuole k., CR. 15; Kualau k., Clt. 11; Like (Dick) k., Cit. 6. Kapeleula, sworn and stated: My knowledge of this is exactly the same as Puaa stated. • He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview or Ponahawai at Hilo 85 (HlPonaha78451203) • • • Native Register Volume 2:628 [.ryrr�a�lAur�iimc� rsla� G�v+rcz /.✓it ����,c' OaM✓Qs-c- rytiL� � �'e`Q o✓�c 2/GGG aAsw ✓ lD GGL// ♦[l !% &ve lf�L.Q !/tr*.� ynu /rlifr:Lih� GLtP�O /IEGt . 4/ a vz a vzm, &,"ar Arlla A,- ��.p/.c .9� cc alL7avLL- r7arrt �ZZIi//�4/iu'LLrao .29, l2,yiGtirrrt r»�rx tjlC'/t o.�Gt`ra�e ,}` a�vasac�. t��a./%e.t�Get�ra i�L�Ln oovu�Zrr.[� �J/ ,a„ �r' �{.A � t/Irr.r.. ,A'Rxr. •�»rvi/7%..�r c.. �Ls [�/a s r'Clrct.. �iltis. G� hr M� r7��r cc. �Yi rct+-t r�✓La'L�— r/�''7/`'D / �� . - OCLI•o�91rlt rLsL7. &SW! i �/Cttn nra �Gt2a� �l�a-� nJafa/.rKic- f�� Ponahawai— Helu 1100, Puaa, Moo. d KelilkoGola, Ponahawai, November 19,.1847 Greetings to you, John Young, Premier -Minister of the Interior of the Hawaiian Kingdom: I, hereby explain the dimensions of my lot to you, the character of it's length and width: on one side it is 41 fathoms; on one side it is 36 fathoms; on one side it is 29 fathoms, and on one side it is 36 fathoms. That is the nature of our lot, we are a group of people who are within this lot. Here are our names. Moo Keliikoliola Puaa This is the nature of my message to you, with appreciation. This letter being done by Puaa. . He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 86 Kumu Pono Associates (HiPoneha78-051203) Native Testimony Volume 4:412-413 d., r1f•L�R4R 6b6i � K /.CO • +�LL�i�•' %L/z.• %��f K-�f..•, //��jK - /r �04�c.d / • �.f L�1r..si .> /s o �N qc/ J%�.I�ILt-1+�4"�+-s►� OsQ Y/ ��cC� � �U-lo /011 ,4 As-�; 4�0 c A %w ,�/p �u�h�—/i •%Gtw �ci� � Sze-z.� 4/f�u- Au-/S�c.i Helu 1100, Puaa, Moo & Kellikollola, Nov. 9, 1848 Lahaina, swom and states: I have seen there in the Ahupuaa of Ponahawai, Hilo, Hawaii, a house lot. Mauka is the new Government Road; Hamakua is for the Konohiki, idle land; Makai are the lots of Puniana and Kaimana; Puna is the jail. The lot has been enclosed, House lot has been enclosed. 1 house is for them. This is group of people, Puaa, Moo and Keliikoliola. Their land was gotten from I in 1843. No one has objected to this day. I, swom and stated: I gave this place to Puaa. My knowledge of this is the same as his. He Wahi No'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 87 (HIPonaha78.051203) • • • •Foreign Testimony Volume 5:7 Helu 1100, Puaa Lahaina, sworn deposed, he knows the land of Puaa to be on the Ahupuaa Ponahawai and that it is a house lot and bounded on the West by the new road; on the North by the Konohiki, on the East by Puniana's lot; and on the South by the prison yard; that it is enclosed and has 1 house owned by Puaa, Moo and Keliikoliola in conjunction. He had the lot from li in the year 1843. 1 do not know of any difficulty. li, sworn deposed, that he gave as a free gift unto Puaa all his right and title to this house lot. • • He Wahi Wolelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 88 (HiPonaha78-051403) Ponahawai — Native Register Volume 2:631 arzea-rhe / a/I�u- a sv/ic a� • ®tsu�/%tGc�to r - i.2ta-• e ha_ Gcu mz 06 rirs a/�ICca . a �Go�. �� .(l.O kz)&za -i Aar- 1.4.4 ar-/.4.4 A?aA-e , Afa, C:� .wa her, ami a„a A*- �yyry�st/ R _ I04/6zdl e— ®LL 4/lD hA�m" O JWApe,` Ire Axvu"—' e- 7/R•�-�/��C/t. j7a�ZtZ� vr,Ar.Gw•Ge o Q'[oG/�u/�c�ucca- o fla GLS-L-�ae�i�s /lcg afGa� %a-.y1recce a %a zorr h4,1 su, a A,,*. 14oz — • /.rs� h��;� � azw�ir«-•�eer�a-�sau. G�YLGt, e.�,¢�ov, `. �lra�w'mzau ha4,ez� o4 jq-, 414 a,40-cl�- �.,. a,,le ozac- ca ilii m,, ara* a-� A44t:" a0�e�.�� h� Ae;," '0 A ".ey I ej�u a -w • . i� He Wahl Waldo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 89 (HlPonaha78-031203) • • l 0 Helu 1106, Haae or John Taylor A letter to the people who quiet property rights. I, Haae, am the claimant of my house lot in Hilo, in the Ahupuaa called Kukuau. Here are the dimensions of the lot: the length on the Hamakua side is 420 feet, the width on the makai side is 144 feet, the length on the Puna side is 408 feet, the width on the mauka side is 138 feet. The- total circumference is 1,100 feet. The measurement of this lot is finished. Also, there are the farms made by my own hands. At Waiakea there is a farm under someone else in the ili called Kolea, 1056 feet long by 1050 feet wide, that is the total of each of the two sides. There are also some planted fields at Ponahawai 2,568 feet long by 2.150 feet wide. There are many farms at various places, but they are not mentioned, but perhaps to be acted upon. I cannot explain, being unprepared. This is finished. Farewell to all your Honors at Halekauwila in Honolulu. The Lord be with you all. Done by me, John Taylor Haae Kukuau, Hilo, Hawaii Native Testimony Volume 4:399-400 • ��1e'' LLGIQ/ 4O IOme' QUA /r/A �Llsc•Ls'LCip i f.: �//(LJ70-L� ,J/L! ///Nl�t�tL�i�r��r. lfj��Q .' J %% j�itz��u✓ai � �-1,. d/`moi+acs • ��/+-_✓wrls�i e >�O �iE(trr>;-�N Q, /,Cq�po i • ISO lQ; .� /CQ�:rri.. J. /�7�..�,�w.- � ii�;.tiGr�Cwa-% .sJ+..r L�.rss•.�fa ia' ,•,tea-,�� •� .���.�� �. �at�; He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 90 (HiPonaha78-051203) os�o `�iws�o� e k4y: ��,ex, 0.✓ /0 -"lit C --&P4 iL %'pili G-Lrt rNlsc Qt,e.. `o• wa acv_ ;ayl l�/`�Jd/t -1/H/ lL/CHR t�1y,10'f1•���N� ��� .� %��-�QJ �s� %�.j.>o t.•• G�i�G /Zllit/ a :dT 11 !Bite r 4 7N-�HO.t..r R�t7u�. YI�ac" �ct tt��I et•: LNa w.//e ��ass,,0//liQl✓su_� - e �I .%%r• f irn�ior..ra..r1 c• �leia= i,ii..fH� a+ ✓�Ivsv� u.---4. ~.A..:✓(<clli.a r !/!�• •/w��.�: w � ;-tel, .�N r�G� • IrGf C!la Nom!/ 9/ZI /4THH ns.o ✓Zsi�lsclt�._. l.iv'�/s., �e.• R e fi i s i •� Trc�LY/+ a... s. ys+ d. �Na�tL�.�a?c. p ./yil•�.,af�.-G. r .;1.-� o.-. nw• Iola v�- I9AuJ fi�2c. Helu 1106, Haae, Hilo, November 7, 1848 Kanakaole, sworn and stated: I have seen in the Ahupuaa of Kukuau, 4 sections. Section 1: House lot. Mauka by Government Road; Hamakua by Alanaio stream; Makai by Alanaio estuary; Puna by Kaiwi's lot. Enclosed by a wall. 2 houses for Haae. Section 2: Mauka by estuary; Hamakua by Ponahawai Ahupuaa; Makai by stream; Puna by Kanaina's lot. Partially cultivated. Section 3: Kolea Ili, Waiakea Ahupuaa of Hilo, Hawaii. I have actually heard of Haae's planting fields, but do not know the boundaries. One kihapai, the distance is 1056 ft; the width is 1050 ft. All of it joined together. He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 91 (HlPonaha78451203) • • Section 4: There in the Ahupuaa of Ponahawai. It is confusing, and Pitman, the Konohiki of this section objected. No one has objected to Haae's interest at Kukuau. •Papa, sworn and stated: I know the three parcels in Kukuau. He has no claim in Ponahawai. My knowledge is as Kanakaole has stated. Native Testimony Volume 4:668 i/- A9 Helu 1106, John Taylor Haae, Hilo, October 19, 1849 Section 4 - The Konohiki B. Pitman has taken it. Foreign Testimony Volume 5:3 -Helu 1106, Haae Kanakaole, being swom deposed, that he knows the land of Haae to be situated on the Ahupuaa Kukuau 2 and to be a house lot and a cultivated field, that Lot 1 was a house lot and that it was bounded: on the West by the main road; on the North by the stream Alanaio; on the East by the same stream; and on the South by the enclosure of Kaiwi. It is enclosed and has 3 dwelling houses within the • enclosure. Lot 2 a field for cultivating bounded: on the West by the stream Alanaio; on the North by the Ahupuaa; on the East by the Sea Beach; on the South by the enclosure of Kanaina. It is cultivated. I also know that he has a field for cultivating in the Ili called Kolea in the Ahupuaa Waiakea, but I do not know the boundaries. They were formerly two fields, but are now joined in one measuring 1056 feet in length an 1050 feet broad, being the same length and breadth throughout, making Lot 3. (Lot 4 relinquished) Lot 4 the right of possession to this lot is not clear, being disputed by the Konohiki, but the three first lots are good. Papa, being sworn deposed, that the deposition of Kanakaole was true. Foreign Testimony Volume 5:55 Helu 1106, Haae (John Taylor) from page 3 Lot 4 — Declares under oath he relinquishes his claim to this lot (No. 4) of his claim 1106 to the Konohiki. He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 92 (HlPonaha78-051203) Ponahawai — Native Register Volume 2:631-632 the, e 4*ra- 4-pvK.. lcmZov� 94"� . Arm: , Z4 , Ire, .ms.- xfxv .rzu� o�-ra. o /Lc S aorL , i��s y aUu�a cam, e - Pecs c a� zap ei o2a; cZc-ao �,Q. Helu 1107, Lahaina Island of Hawaii, Kukuau, Hilo, 16 Nov. 1847 Know, O Commissioners who Quiet Land Titles, officiating on the Island of Oahu, in the capital at Honolulu, I; Lahaina, hereby tell of my claim for house lot 270 feet long on the mauka side. Before William L. Lee_, J.H. Smith, Z. Kaauwai, John Ii, N. Namauu. With thanks, By Lahaina He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 93 (HlPonaha78-051203) 0 • CJ Native Testimony Volume 4:405 44, � • .- yF/[t/K??/L!.•. �//��•�Kr/pr c. oe� IIIw/�-•• { rr //fG� t r// / "ter Aria" e. /•% . �i//r/'X/r// �/ %/Ha!•►!J/./Ci •/ �al, 'J, !/�.•/1..... i• �h Gj //n JGIn.I. l7r r/'/n �/ �,//'/ano.fi.9• r,s �/ /!�/y.i .r/y♦ ��•bp�i!ar/J �.: �i/?/Yrs.. i.• J i sr+•�r :/YrHn, �✓ �4/twee/�r'�ra•r... ,y/r Cw �ou ./i �O� ti �iV �,, L� � // / /s -C �fG O./Oir •rr� / /7.• �L ?IrI/1/'n y i/L4�7,r./ //i �ti!!//I.1Vr1� ✓I�s•C/ Itr � /:ir N OH�!•�!!1!f•: ..., I/1P - ,�U . .�li�r ury.s� lY �l•. %fro-..� ✓a�r. •/,•.s/.I�r .'7 tIlA..df. �..� f 01 . r.' r/lt s./ /e•sr-. �/%/-C .YKrw %C//i %Ila I/t-r .r... r/ //i/.i I X.- 40 .- , . �Lldo.. !./-A/K�%Ir/ . -/% r!//� .!/. !M r. r� si•q ��/ Ir•N-� .. �//T2r I/l. i, y'�.( �I �Qa.w�%!!•Y//-� ✓ /lqi� /!!• .yr/ •- i i 1 i 1 •Helu 1107, Lahaina Hilo, Hawaii, November 8, 1848 Kauakahi, sworn and stated: I have seen, there in the Ahupuaa of Ponahawai, Hilo, Hawaii; houses within a house lot. Mauka is the government jail; Hamakua is Foot path; Makai and Puna is Government Road. This is partially enclosed and there is one house for Lahaina and one for Kaneahakini who has a house interest only, under Lahaina. The place is old from Lahaina's grandparents, who then gave it to his parents and now to him. No one has objected to him to the present time. Puaa, sworn and stated: I have known exactly as Kauakahi had stated here. Foreign Testimony Volume 5:6 Helu 1107, Lahaina Kauakahi, sworn deposed, that the land of Lahaina was situated on the Ahupuaa Ponahawai, that it was an house lot and only partly enclosed, that it was bounded on the West by the Prison yard; on the North by a road leading to the Prison; on the East by the main road; on the South by a new road. There are two houses, 1 belonging to Lahaina and one to Kaneahakini, who has no rights in the lot, but has privilege of residence; claims possession by inheritance, having descended to him from his ancestors. • Kapuaa, sworn deposed, that the evidence of Kauakahi was strictly true. He Wahl Mo'olelo no.Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pone Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 94 (HiPoneha78-051203) Ponahawal — Native Register Volume 2:632 IVOeE P942"- 0'71w yOi,.y=a.. 4M.170L �CLy/R lLs 40gte rrTir l+2fai V � INA�Q�J't.2 /Ld -4 arra ,7ms Go;• AR-fiw t.,' h aorn-R Ia��� t/il� an, sAm— zto la'lc. cs !I'JZe. h&- s ia- .7N7 s 2c Aa- at" SO,j�i..ann���s////%i" Qw lwstee- �s ra �ss�rtw tom! �ar�sv `cx� -e of'VAeaA. ' �t'J• G�s�.ealet.C_� �'irrru jl� ' - �d r.GJrl2etcL �f /?n Xf�svlra�Gr� .r1'a 4lcvnzarncc� Helu 1108, Lumaina, Island of Hawaii, Kukuau, Hilo, 16 November 1847 Know, O Commissioners who Quiet Land Titles, officiating on the Island of Oahu, in the capital at Honolulu: I, Lumaina, hereby tell of my farm claim at Hilo, in the Ahupuaa called Ponahawai, whose dimensions are 300 feet long on the Hilo side; 468 feet long on the makai side; 504 feet wide on the Puna side; 588 feet long on the mauka side. Before William L. Lee, J.H. Smith, Z. Kaauwai, John li, N. Namauu. With thanks, By Lumaina He Wahl Mo'ofelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 95 (HlPonaha78-051203) • • • Native Testimony Volume 4:405_406 .• t //O /` ! �i�vzatus-gni ' - ,err. i./ii�E�:......'//.,.�..: ✓fv� i` .4Z�Z J6RrrRas+ev. d/raf J/. o. • '%st/ •'.. so .u�/.z' �+O st(!l .a.G-1 ai!//!//1/� ..9,Y.,/....�f... ., ✓',-.. I. Qid A-c_�lli. .. ; J �/i LI/sN��`•' CNM^a��. /.1Y/ 'YJ�O.N /F'I.t•✓�%e.i' 7J7/ ✓'I %t� I.fr.•s�.�all. '•d�xcci.Nn ' O/A/••r•fir �/j/GJ �A �Lt/t''L, YYlO Ibr'i10��./� �y •//�'f�...r� �'Q�� N/�a. i J� �� �iI O �11•e.! ��s ✓71G�ZI�I:'.. J!-7 9 M - I • ' / Y' f�I NP- iV L' 4/lift �aIJ��« Oar A�� /•J!�/� .Y /�•� i ♦ F1R/..R./ .i. /�"� 1//sry.s /GHQ"oi (r�G .1r. MGewsi1t+ �1 �C1!!O fs+ �'�' %v�..-may X • , , WL/OG ./Y/s/�f/f-f.l a� v_/ �'i/r.� 1JI1rJew NSI/ I 40 �'rr./ /-/r:G h•C/%v GJA&4-0<..I.a+r 1..i• Helu 1108, Lumaina, Hilo, Hawaii, November 8, 1848 Kanaina, sworn, and stated: I have seen, there in the Ahupuaa of Ponahawai, Hilo, Hawaii, some cultivated fields and houses. The boundaries are: Mauka by a cane field for the Chinaman; Hamakua by trail going to the uplands; Makai by Hewahewa and Keaniho's lot; Puna by trail going to uplands for the Chinaman. There is no fence, there are 2 houses for Lumaina and 4 cultivated kihapai. Petero gave him this land in 1835. No one has objected to him to the present day. Puaa, sworn and stated: I have known exactly as Kanaina had stated here. Foreign Testimony Volume 5:6 Helu 1108, Lumaina Kanaina, sworn deposed, that he knows the land. of Lumaina to be situated on the Ahupuaa Ponahawai, comprising a field for cultivation and an house lot, that it bounded on the West by the Chinaman's sugar plantation; on the North by a • He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 98 (HiPonaha78-051203) Bridle road; on the East by the lots of Hewahewa and Keaniho; and on the South by a road leading to the sugar works. It is not enclosed, has 1 framed dwelling house and 1 cook house belonging to him; contains 4 fields. He received this land from Petero Aipuhi as a gift in the year 1835. His right has never been disputed. • Kapuaa, sworn deposed, that the evidence of Kanaina was true. Ponahawai— Native Register Volume 3:77 _ 4,e�„�Tlj • ;-•,.�//�/� , . �(.y/� ,jam/ . 1 �•+ / ` a/��/`.•� ,• 'V,MR�. f-N's�LL ///O,✓y///HRS• /w•f/-CL /fis�llL :-��Q; ��"'*�i " "�/lii.. lr.�ird-tui ' /�+•�!?1�ihOisr D�Q� rrrLtw L: 1 9 r �� fir a�aa. GE • Ii.�rlr ac`j'""` � ...54!'nsa�aa'y .�/'�ei. �rutl , �� • / L ,\tea - •�yRJ.,/::• � i1. a_ irrc �czr'a •�G� o-r�/q�/-iQ'ic�oL /Ga.�Lo•�. Y+jG�y �M g9Lt i�'!R) ` a% /uR.O LIQ ILh a- R�RtieiJ'Vsu'; •:J'Y Rf9v Oux�ti� 9/.' .... ' Helu 1334, Keawehano • Hilo, September 4, 1847, Ponahawai, Hawaii To the Commissioners who Quiet Land Titles and House lots. Greetings to you, I, Keawehano, am the one who tells of the kihapai It is 40 fathoms Iona: 29 wide; 40 Ion • 62 wide. With thanks to you, the Honorable Commissioners. A letter to the Foreign and Hawaiian Commissioners, so and so, Kaauwai, Namauu, Ii. By me Keawehano C� He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 97 (HiPonaha78-051203) 0 • C1 Native Testimony Volume 4:411 i s -U---1 �r�.lac>sv f� a �ll� v��.. !li c�, c • sEi t e. /sr� _- �. !� �-i•a Lyy�lLs.Jta.si h� �%/�(,yr.. t_ l•�-... s� _ - .. i A JrN !!•s�ll6+- � •/ate /1! Cs�s./-E %s.,r+yfLFasi-• /1i2..:.. ry�N_• � i i 1 i��� J� ��l .cud.-� s ��; ✓u/ 1�! a..�. t. .: ' ✓L/�%svCi! G�7c-a .ii+ 2%!L•la - C✓�.¢•ft/Qi�4JTse.� `Ji tri +� X� ,yam �itGe� rs� /Q'at�� Ise �c �iac•�.v �� vx-Ge•%Ti�' � r./s2 ¢ate . �fi�.lr�.i%1�.:a c.. 7' .•-r�i� �-s.� c%. oo-o+e om— Helu 1334, Keawehano, Nov. 9, 1848 Lahaina, sworn and stated: I have seen, there in the Ahupuaa of Ponahawai, a parcel of land. Mauka by Keawekunane's land; Hamakua by new Government Road; Makai by Kaneahakini's land; Puna by Alanaio stream. It is not enclosed. 1 house for Kaheananui; Keawehano has interest under Kaheananui and both live together there. No one objects. Kapuaa, sworn and states: I have known exactly as Lahaina has related here. Foreign Testimony Volume 5:8 Helu 1334, Keawehano Lahaina, sworn deposed, that the claim of Keawehano is situated on the Ahupuaa Ponahawai; that it is a planting lot and it is bounded on the West by Keawekunane's ground; on the North by the new road; on the East by Kaneahakini's kalo patch; on the South by the stream Alanaio. That it is not enclosed, there is one house belonging to Kaiananui. He holds it under Kaiananui. They both live on this lot and both plant thereon. No one has ever troubled them. Kapuaa, sworn deposed, that the evidence of Lahaina was true. He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 96 (HiPonahaT8.051203) Native Register Volume 3:221-222 (Not Awarded] 4100 !hf J NAI 11 n. � �!/Oy L %Y+>"/ -ice L+i� M?Gc Ara 'L'r �a(r.�e-Fi,ii. /t /,trLL(er/¢tL E✓J.4'6a/urlfsz vs�aro- f[r P'/C .;- I/•n (r. XI eW4 c Itrr:4 m -Arlt - f2r /R+. asorR.n ae. L• L[/t •:1l77,1 /.cam%••,. ..r.^...,. S �.t�;,. �( R/r[• !r.• I//r' •I(il rG.(( Ift w0r("Li/M /(/'�(2//Cr /..tir(Z I' rilA- �Q/i"(^C ( .. ; . Q��/+! itl. i �wi Lr /f /1 • /rir/r w •%/%rL%r/(! .`��� Mill �2f�Q-!� ez A IIoo AQ. fQr((A %JlO.i7Qu .i9/ %,n laa onrt �/,n. ALO All /It. oJ'A /r./yr/. i, /,'+ .f/[�; l�'`k �;l;L✓,., a?F. a? �N ./,f�; �.;i..u,t,rr.�l;:G. isr..rle in /i� LL /�:'j�iai� Lr7rZh.(r c _• d/ 41/'C.rrn.•J_ : c t'ja1//!r/itY/2. a .J& C.. ,I�I�Lr r�/waL Ponahawai—Helu 1709, Haalo'u Island of Hawaii, Ponahawal, Hilo, December 2, 1847 O Commissioners who Quiet Land Titles. Greetings to you who officiate on Oahu in the Capital of Honolulu. Be it known that I, Haalo'u, am the representative of the heir of B. Kanuha, for the claims shown below, describe the length and width of the four sides. Kihapai Claim at Ponahawai; 850 feet on the makai side: 1110 on the Puna side: 1230 on the mauka side: 1110 on the Puna side. House lot Claim: 260 feet on the makai side; 320 feet, the length on the Puna side; 260 feet wide on the mauka side; 320 feet long on the Hilo side. To William L. Lee, J.H. Smith, Z. Kaauwai, John li, N. Namauu. With thanks. By me Haalou He Wahl No'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 99 (HiPonaha78-051203) • 11 is • • • Native Testimony Volume 4:456 �.. ev I�/i%I tLC� // �LG.Lb%is�i/i � il�sJF(tiLQ� � ii' / // R�iuxcv/ftc G• y�YrCi, �/L'!/ �r �°Yije�r� ///�LQILRL GYf �`�'-�J�L • L!/ tom' i7tfJZ� %/'LQ� .,Fis/��^ - /tom .�/[�OJI?o♦ e JYlL �.bJ9'/+! _ .. ✓rir.t� %%% p/ � �f�6C/ /LKsi/ .N�s�Y�-4• I/t/ �L�Y7•Y+4'�6L-' G' r �Yy /�• � ��•'3i///fK.�Lf/,/,fL�J , / ✓/'N�-"' iY2fi. �ifi !%YJ�ft�fi / •' /✓t!1 -K 71A.� YI'aRi �.�/ fit�X� Q� !-Gs/[r ftd[/��GLft+'�•!/ �ri4 He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo A Historical Overview o1 Ponshawal at Hilo 100 Kumu Pono Associates (HiPonaha78-051203) Helu 1709, Haalo'u, 21, Nov. • Kaihekaola, sworn and stated: I have seen, there in the Ili land of Huaina. Ahupuaa of Ponahawai. Hilo, a house lot. Mauka by Chinese John Ina's land; Hamakua by a street; Makai by Mane's land; Puna by a stream. Three kihapai, 1 house, 2 living quarters, 1 grave, 1 house ownership uncertain, perhaps for Kanuha, perhaps for the govemment. About half of the lot is enclosed for Kapahukula: Kapahukula is an heir of Kanuha. Kanuha acquired this place when he had been separated from Waiakea in 1839. Kanuha's land is from Kalaauhoanamoku, who is the fourth Konohiki on that place and has given to his people to this time, no one has objected. Haae, sworn and stated: t have seen this land just as Kaihekaola has related to all of you. • • He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 101 (HiPonsha78-051203) Ponahawai 8 Punahoa — Native Register Volume 3:406 .'.� �dv � or, a,✓z �-o�. SIL cl .(�rdl. !y ,/G % �! ,• �T••'(..Ol'i O�jtf//JLfp�T.ri [�• � !Yi7 G!-�. YLGvr-a R�s7lL/f0161V I/�_ `�.. �' a%H QGk� LLI4 A.•� !YC �ifL+ ; (kiC��i% la'H GP pe / ...t-, �1 � . •' Imo• Y�li6Y uv `O Tru n•)7.P fI ?/KCl_. Lz �i�G ' �GGc � Y - • : • a p -e: w 'Yf-I•o� • O'fibr'-D[i a a -PA' r O ♦'' \ �, j�gf�Gi'!�r•f .•C�`' a exp eleel.!//mer .Yt7LL rl�e /&PAZ i - • • ^ - (/ • /Y17 fzI Bum A& 4'I%lti. /JTii'd'//Le.! O(�r L IYJr LtCAc rJ Lf GLS { �' %Yr ee m r Ga.' e ' •i i `��' 4zi ea -e% eat-- Az- LA iP • •`•� •, :• Lt GG(A Q^H a� LGY�r-.e, i r/%�-�•• 4s-ie2.r.L' �.G� tZe•t?oa_. 0�-- +•, '•�, ('t •JePt a. 2_-KOOeyvr LLc✓O-c../ " ..(/•�/p - q/. M- + "\ ♦ `, Lei JL!/�r�Q7'e ar �,AzTCtz /Yi I Q. " ✓��G.I ^: ^� �i ae�r. e� t lyJ�nC G e'er Cep , 7221 GY- gT2G M/ (lCcr • ` • r 1lra./`h a/fP.. lC�a�ur�otr ccp'i' ha. l a& 77Ge.-Llrs�r /r4 ��a./�4e.r-r-ic� 4 Lac mt. lea, v .era/ ie� ?,,Nr6z-" - Oce de • "�.��Yve �- � f�Car.J.r•s� �. C(/iCu � lIZL oe-e.�+ ,. _.:•.�, .: �. W,.a�✓%1'-i.��C �ws, a.. z a//u.:% i�u-c.: ',cocy - � • He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 102 (HiPonaha78-051203) Helu 2228, Kaapa, Punahoa, Hilo, December 17, 1847 Greetings to you all Land Commissioners. I hereby describe my land claims. At Kalaoa are two ili, Ulumehame and Hulueu. This was where Liholiho was born and my elders lived there to care for the belongings of the Chiefs. Those ili have been held from that time until the present. The house lot claim is at Punahoa and Ponahawai. There are two parcels of land in this house lot. The dimensions_ are fathoms long and 30 fathoms wide at one part, and 35 at another part. Those are my claims which are stated to you, the commissioners. By Kaapa Native Testimony Volume 4.408-409 r _ f.2211j J� �A Q v/ry-o... 6 AA/ - J Cys O'6 �•�. � i� lr�Js. i�Lfi t /moi I/ri»... ir/sG�.. .� a/.ta�'4/' 1 mac; s,.l1 '"1./.I�J...).iH�, C+ , f., .�Y.�••/ , i,�,�,..L .�s...�csL�t Ria.�u/. ' I✓I�•f+..+' d►rG - !z. a =its,-..� Q ,,IR , I.� ��s a�/id�%, ✓{i.•zl .vsra.e c� . s+ a �/Fi.� .. IfaG ,/�jR /p+✓ ct .. w.. !i, �.a gze---ti dt. li.-cam 16i • 4s.rr He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview o1 Ponshawai at Hilo 103 (HiPonaha78-051203) • • • liy. � ys. s.•/wc.�%e � Ldet.4-. ��i./�e�•� sz-./� /l_iay/� L% / uA _ ` / /PJ Z �%lk/ 1001-'l101e*2. f e 40f4i CJ n U ��.i�G�- �..r�.+�.. ) f1i0 rJ?./1f:.c. ` Com/ �• i ��l�s..�Lt/t %/✓' �c/. /�. G- �.t «e s� .e ' fc'G� t��'!�s ��.�-.�..//t%/ �,1,a1 Julrz�., 1. - /l7 -e -0J <-Y f. /ldw Lpex� /L3ijs .: r_... i�/cG� . �-� r j t%YO , 'ite ltu •e. 1 �1-c�Yr.a h0,ee , A2, Gf 'i-e�-.Ofd .L✓ el. i / .-i Y.? // .G (%L+ ~��te s•JtG %!. 0*vei 192Ge� ~ Ala+tee., cae.Ri i Helu 2228 & 8629, Kaapa, Novern. 8, 1848 Keaniho, sworn and stated: I have seen, there in the Ahupuaa of Ponahawai, and a small part in the Ahupuaa of Punahoa. Mauka is Hewahewa's lot; Hamakua is the land of the Missionaries; Makai is idle land; Puna is mine and Hewahewa's. It is partially enclosed. There are 2 kihapai and two houses for Kaapa. Hoolulu and Keaholawaia had given them land. Lyman had placed them there because they were teachers in 1835; no one has objected. He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponshawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 104 (HiPonaha78-051203) Lahaina, sworn and stated: I have known exactly as Keaniho had stated. Halaki (female), sworn and stated: I have seen, there in the Ahupuaa of Kalaoa, Hilo, Hawaii, 2 ili lands. One is for Ulumalu and the other is Huluoolu. She has not known whether his [Kaapas'] father, Ake, had utilized all of those ili nor has she actually seen Ake farming on those lands. She had only heard of these places as mentioned by name. At the present time, Halaki sees they belong to Kaapa although she has not seen the place where Kaapa has been cultivating. He has lived there since the time of Kamehameha 1 to the present time. Foreign Testimony Volume 5:4 Helu 2228 & 8629, Kappa Keaniho, sworn deposed, that he knows the land of Kaapa to be situated partly on the Ahupuaa Punahoa and partly on the Ahupuaa Ponahawai; that it is bounded on the West by Hewahewa's ground; on the North by the Mission land; on the South by the grounds of Keaniho and Hewahewa. That it is partly enclosed, has 2 fields, and 2 Dwelling houses belonging to Kaapa. It was given to him by Hoolulu and Kaholowaia at the solicitation of Reverend D.B. Lyman in the year 1835 since which time he has lived thereon. Lahaina, swom deposed, that the evidence of Keaniho was true. He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponshawai ma Hilo Kumu Porto Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 105 (HiPonaha78-051203) is CJ • Ponahawai — Foreign Register Volume 2:147 Claim 2257, John Anderson December 24, 1847, Byron's Bay, Hilo, Hawaii I hereby send you agreeable to your public notice the copy of the registering of • my land & building lot situated on Bridge Street. Copy Received for Registry, April 15, 147 at 12% P.M. and recorded in Liber 3 miscellaneous conveyances pages 39 & 40 and compared. John Ricord, Registrar of Conveyances Fees 3 folio $1.50 To Honorable Board of Commissioners, &c, &c, &c Your obedient servant John Anderson Native Testimony Volume 4:413 No. 2257, John Anderson [See notes in Helu 1097, for Paakaua] Native Testimony Volume 4:416. Helu 2257, John Anderson, November 9, 1848 [See notes in Claim 242, for John G. Perkins et al.] Foreign Testimony Volume 5:20 • Helu-2257, John Anderson [See notes in Claim 242, for John G. Perkins et al.] Foreign Testimony Volume 5:55 Helu 2257, John Anderson, from page 20 Declares on oath he relinquishes all right & title to this claim, having sold the same to Benjamin Pitman, Konohiki of Ponahawaii [Ponahawai]. • He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 106 (HiPonaha78-051203) Ponce � ah Rwai — Native Register Volume 3:428 I•_tl , . .. \ 91.1" lot r [L4 -i LL •�'YPts?,LL /46drs-+�/�.I�Q�H� RH'7 o�+� , ���l�t •P%•I�-vb. \ [/!(lam p•,✓(a� .GL AGLI L:O� �'6L04'cs+ • /O LLf�l2[Ai /! !!/I'[ Q•t[lLL!/ G /✓4• •C !•�iL��i N�� L 4/ I �1��. a � � s/ ✓`3'[a. m-[ a. pp�/Gt ..ya��u���wC'tr. w.r %irn or a-a.ras IA"4-of 44 L ��I /�• asrAN �i+4�/ Lav p'y�u'i �iYsF+ra � ils+td?�cc4. �iiY.ci: C�'. [a /cv ava. .00 ..... :.�. � • �[.✓P'-r K- e,fb�o-rt[ Aev .,, , .\ 5 ��` 7G Qw�✓A-ems.-.' He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 107 (HiPonaha78-051203) �'+ • �/s Iza J0/e �.o c ale Q�1�r..irxw . rav,Zp.4... S�o[ •�i LLC/ •rrr eLc� G � q%Yt-♦-ei LVH Gtid'LLIi Gi „ , ... , �`��� � Gets O•-Gf.�%`DZLT ✓ [' L Q% a'✓a A'- Ae- . •t•`'•` .. - :✓rf?ivc�t-',-i cc:� Gt-[��"�G� Lo :..., \•, _ .. `•- ` -W- _��etia�:i� aw[-i ie:' �[7e ip �it,` �it inaa� � G$?w: �lYJ Q/I 4 , , \ \ //i R•N/ LLf7� � LL_� � /LG Li/H �• � , l l' � ��4 v.+ .1 �Li.�l��' rYJ•O 9"Jil/ /.-^i !/YJ � .\ He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 107 (HiPonaha78-051203) Helu 2281, John B. Kaiana •Hilo, Hawaii, 22 December 1847 O Commissioners who Quiet Land Titles — Greetings to you. I hereby state my claim, as enacted in law. In the Ahupuaa of Ponahawai, Ili of Kanewahineiki, is a parcel of four acres of land to which I have a right from my parents. The witnesses are Lahaina, Kauakahi, Akenaka. I am with thanks, John B. Kaiana Tax Official Hilo, Hawaii 22 December 1847 To the Land Commissioners. Greetings. I hereby state my claim, as enacted in law. In the Ahupuaa of Waiakea, Ui of Alenoho, a parcel of land of ten acres according to my belief. My claim to it is from Kaunuohua. The witnesses are: : L. Kaunuohua and his letter which was written on February 15, 1846. am, with thanks, John B. Kanaina [Kaiana – transcription error in Testimony Volume] Tax Official • is He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 108 (HiPonaha78-051203) Native Testimony Volume 4:406 � 'l � d6R!/"r10 rf✓ i ! .. rte, /� •. AK Of.- a...re 4"- . &AD ,iAr.: n...• a Xp r /�st�i,a. a fit-ss!*Jll. I� itti�'✓_. �Nif/�•a.•'s.- r /t. � ! 'Q W Gl7Py�ll !!. 4'te %I.! /I�.ita%21/tci llse ✓7401/Lt %Hirai i A4 ✓ a7i4 Grcr, I���i r ri.�i✓« %i� w ' �,.rlr' I'�tvi'rQ lJ6tfiL Nro•risrF/'YLl iYN r I'Krte%is/2c+ s��/�lllLi L• h -O ;r.�K. / ✓'A-�.l- .r a�s.✓O_lam►! lS.s�skt� /lam►. I /yI%a/ 9// /I.'.Ii9sb L!i•r 1141: /J9'i�H.>L AY!/i4, Ir' /Q/ liL/ q .tt.y/cu c a..i w• f!a •7rrwf�r•s..i, t .: %I.IN /_jiii'. , _4.-i.: lLsr s �l•L •moi• �rlN/�/'e td / , /' �e-44Z*p Ac,; �i)7/+Nw•LI+ �Kl�� d7+ As/6J Via. a.•�/L/-a��!■.I ✓//J��1iI.4I�.. �LI�I L+/1'le� ✓YH//i 2iL`�t� '!O✓ R f7//!/�lH�r/s e/ yyA �is-rte O F ..e -id d"O /CL/ . %Liz -sem r^�ti !! cit I1/. /4w �ulvi yi.� :y,Q. (ifPi• �- ' He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo • Kumu Pono Associates A Historical overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 109 (H1Ponaha78-051203) C� CI Helu 2281, Kaiana, J.B., Hilo, Hawaii, Nov. 8, 1848 Lahaina, sworn and stated: I have seen, there in the Ahupuaa of Ponahawai, the ili land of Kanewahineiki, Hilo, Hawaii. •Section 1: House lot, the boundaries are: Mauka is an idle land for the Konohiki; Hamakua is Kaapa's land; Makai is a new Street; Puna is an idle land for the Konohiki. The lot has been enclosed. There is a house for him. This is an old land from his parents, and when he died in the month of April 1848, the land was bequeathed to his wife, Kahalelau. I do not know that it has been objected. • • Kauakahi, sworn and stated: I have known exactly as Lahaina has stated here. The second section is in Alenoho, an ill land of Waiakea Ahupuaa. This [proceeding] has been postponed until the commissioners meet with Kaunuohua the Konohiki, and agree on the ten acres of Kaiana, J.B., just as he filed in his claim document. Foreign Testimony Volume 5:7 Helu 2281, Kaiana, J.B., Wednesday, November 8, 1848 This Claimant died in April 1848. Kahalelau, the Widow, appeared to prove the claim. Deceased, left no children, deferred reading the will until tomorrow. Lahaina, sworn deposed, he knew the land of John B.- Kaiana to be situated in the Ahupuaa Ponahawai but does not know the boundaries of the four areas as stated in his claim but knows that the House Lot is surrounded on the West by a strip of waste land; on the North by Kaapa's lot; on the East by the new road; and . on the South by a .tract of waste land. There is one dwelling house, belonging to him. The lot has descended to him from his forefathers. Kauakahi, sworn deposed, that the evidence of Lahaina was true. The claim for the other part of the land [illegible] the last clause deferred until proving the will. He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 110 (Wonaha78-051203) Ponahawai - Native Register Volume 3:483 ' ` . �/IM �Lt f�P G J6GMTl. �/4/O•s2L/sl R. /L6G(.L.LL - - R�IJ ¢ iZr fun. d /lsa a� 10& /74Lu. ayLO� O ��•`� OH RU R/ 'r'Yo /l� r/�7G+•ct Ls. �7Lt'ui iLttiCI LL/I�JLe. �Ay'7�RK- .� . • � . A.(G (�i.ycLw• 0 �GTJ�L.O a i1'JZL_• �Czhc�C`o/z� ,�rs[+s Q // �•••• •. n�A%i/.0 /✓F G�4Lt ' .y,w LYS' �! /�T-'c. 0 � �Yi•� Q-Lr2 LY.f!ricri /�[�.(riT�Lc /(Lts+�Li.O�• � A4VVI r.• p / • �iaw� eLv. !o a b, f,'v�i a�iYxe' pti.� n� u ��i. �ii�..L� ., iia C/f Le ii au .rez Z..Ir4-e-- ,yra L.rrxiYw O i I;,'"dz L ov-14Ld !/JILL Rti•f�.!�/! l2u I/r /lLrcra�l�9w, //.e /If/GtuL.•�a LLdo A",,>czlu fiA'4x, rf/'IQ LMnTOc9r o� a�Lrysg/R!1 �✓�u ri rCl cQ! /Gs s.� lYN-/640jfzi e: 4Y7 lit," 6 J7 QA[rcv Rti Lui WZ.j19rw Helu 2402, Keaniho, December 18, 1847 Greetings to you, John Ii, and all the Land Commissioners: We have heard we should petition by the end of the year, therefore we hereby petition for our house lot. I. Keaniho. of Ponahawai, and Kahue, of Kukuau. Here is the diagram of our house lot. This is finished. also, there is a hale grove at Waiakea, a portion is pahoehoe lava and a portion is as lava. The boundaries are unequal: 60 by 84 by 160 by 110. This diagram will be kept until the time when we meet. Done by me, Keaniho Ponahawai, Hilo He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview o1 Ponahawai at Hilo 111 (HiPonahaMOM203) • • Native Testimony Volume 4:407 / //%i !2t/i rtaqi Ii�TJ ✓/ll��/ir•ilr.e� a- �'I,//i•so��idl�r!/G� . .. leQ c.la. zze-rsa.i v ./S /7-, a/wL�kr -/[G.f.:li /L[. �i 7'ifCr�fi/• --�� zeL f% r�llG<'" y./i ��ll�i-t-,c.i a.•+-TCI O %I •ii ru.sbili..._aec..o v a ♦J�/ /L'e �'v!sorAltG✓n ,�,e9%r, s�rafw L,rryb•,�i+✓'srf ; .moo r�itisa. s.hA:-�� bhrq Nsr r re-f• -sv, wv-� v�iwv. �t -' /'LI , J ,�rs•�f O�/l W fi �/ �li.� r77•/� a-.�-..t/, ✓/6 �il%7-r r;-F. rho....-u� ote Jai, /iia �e� ..*i.G�n•c.�..r�ri�-ii�b� o f�9u � � ./r�� /a . Ja �Z..-� .,� Y'f!J �/ZG � iii-isv /%rG rrsa �J.oi J(!JR>7Rr ri IYLsr rt.G ��I/Yll6lti! /i<.. �e r.. �/IO�+•..... r �r%O7HH/rL.t• //�� b ��G. �S O`i `?tai i � ✓% .e rllQ �ti Qui bL /y' Ii -%j L��i1,-r wi•+ ! I%IarA��/.�� 3�o ..fc rti 1 AQu.• a : 6•% cls �.ai (��tCi �a dr i .-r I 'w I�o1lavL� �•rn �• 'is rw us/�c.. /U'.-'a..� �qm /.��i0 r�1 . e Helu 2402, Keaniho, Novemb. 8, 1848 Kaapa, sworn and stated: I have seen, there in the Ahupuaa of Ponahawai, the Ili land of Kanewahineiki, Hilo, Island of Hawaii, a house lot and cultivated plants. The boundaries are thus: Mauka by Lumaina's land; Hamakua by mine and • Hewahewa's lot; Makai and Puna by idle land. It is not enclosed by a fence. He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 112 (HiPonaha78-051203) There are 3 kihapai and 1 house for him. Hoolulu had given Keaniho this land in 1835 because he was a school teacher and he lives there. No one has objected to this day. Lahaina, sworn and stated: I have known exactly as Kaapa stated. Work on the Waiakea section has been postponed till a witness is available. Kahue, sworn and stated: I have seen, there in the Ahupuaa of Waiakea, 2 kihapai I gave to Keaniho. Three kihapai are mine, I gave him his in 1840. No one has objected to us. Foreign Testimony Volume 5.4 & 79 Wednesday November 8th 1848 Helu 2402 & 2663, Keaniho and Kahue Kaapa, sworn deposed, that the land of P is bounded on the West by Kalo field; on the North by the ground of Hewahewa and Kaapa; on the East by strip of waste land; and on the South -by a piece of waste land; d is not enclosed and has 3 fields for cultivation, 1 dwelling house belonging to Keaniho the land was given to him by Hoolulu and Kahololawaia in the year 1835 since which time he- has always resided thereon. Kahue not, decided, sent for. Lahaina, sworn, deposed that the evidence of Kaapa was true. [Volume 5:4] Helu 2402, Keaniho Hilo, September 5th, 1852 (from page 4) Part 2nd. Kamakani, sworn says, I an old resident on Waiakea and I know Keaniho's claim there... [Volume 5:791 He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 113 (HlPonaha78-051203) • • • • Punahoa — Native Register Volume 3:484-485 .' q riL� •p �-oG t ?N A�itLt a4 0444 a LH7cG �/�st..4't�L•���Y(O i /N -N/ ��(f•6'i.LL' a �.�WGL /1Y7. LL• Y ii/1iA' - t� iZsr ��a-.a•c� a .s'�te.. /G2/ 0'4� !?It c. sr.�/irr�e ✓ . �r/./ at .tea. // orsvar\..i. o-.". �als.,'�•I�-� rsa a 7LL �" jfZ'�'e sem, ys. ��`!/JyO, vr��,7ses• .�az/ua.-; /2t� — N. ti.) t��. ��\`t�!'•?�R, �4:r R'rxt .or j' K��z� /!'� �1s2:1�'.G � � - :. �.r„'a.. .t�'s� 42cri.�. o��' m-rcr�l�a•�•ec. • r.A�•c \a�N�' :.. • .�m .�� ,o, :.i -%a. a,•.a\lu..�i.i.,� . lOw.er u .n -e •� � , l f�iis•r'a.�rra� �/-cla ✓�'N�2...J :0�. iii :�% Helu 2406, Kanoa Before the Esteemed Land Commissioners. Greetings. I, the one whose name is below, hereby petition for my house lot claim at Punahoa, Hilo, Hawaii. Here are the boundaries: On the North and East is Kauohe; on the South is Hewahewa; and on the West is Kaiho, those are the ones whose garden plots surround my lot. Here is the length on the east side is 20 fathoms, and also on the west; on the North it is 18 fathoms, also on the south. This is my little gift to you. Aloha to you, and peace. I am respectfully yours, By Kanoa Punahoa, Hilo, Hawaii, Dec. 23, 1847 He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawa/ at Hilo 114 (HiPonaha78-051203) Native Testimony Volume 4:405 �� 6�rh. rfal rf�.' �O S•I��ti .t,�o6 ../sGa�sa.rz• �.-.,.... f Atm • WO /l%/uJs.raP. +s A. /O/I�/fw �✓o,n •.f .lYn rr..�i rn. •••r ✓/i�iiA ✓ii, ✓/{w•�'rt �'/ Rlik'�iK �GL. .7HP 'r Ktrs/ iGr L-%IR/s LIAilr.li• ��(I /dam+ f r / o •%e, / xeyli 'l!I/ia /N .ss.rJun. A/c i. /r:irrw Baru /r i ' a dri..-fii /%Ji^ • /�ir ar�.i.e. /�IAIFYn rr. rw�• .A Helu 2406, Kanoa, Hilo, Hawaii, November 8, 1848 Kapau, sworn and stated._ I have seen, there in the Ahupuaa of Punahoa, Hilo, Hawaii,- one section, a house lot. The boundaries are thus: Mauka, Peahi's lot; Hamakua, Kekaua's lot; Makai, Kauohe's lot; and Puna, a Foot path. It has been enclosed, 1 house for him. His right came from us two on 17, June 1848. No one has objected to him. Foreign Testimony Volume 5:5 No. 2406, Kanoa, Wednesday, November 8, 1848 Kapau w. sworn deposed: that the claim of Kanoa was on the Ahupuaa Punahoa, was a dwelling lot bounded: on the West by Keahi's ground; N. by Kekaua's ground; E. by Kauohe's ground; S. bridle road; is enclosed, has 1 house belonging to Kanoa, received it in gift from Hewahewa in 1847. • He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 115 (HiPonaha78-051203) • --Ponahawai & Punahoa — Native Register Volume 3:563 - . (1/�PLv/!Carl-.Yi ` f�i r%izs/dam-cacti•/�r�°,r_�lei rycr/rrL-w /(.ccl�a�Iet. Rerirw �i✓-Ru.Valk •"Wlee • llie�l�O'nti (i]'L // I'L!/ !� .c q t6C�'LLI.t/ t GYM •0 6i' <i. G +� - ' _Y 4 / v 7l lLYr �r�,•I <IR- fl' -),0' 'L/� A 1fL��!- IYJG[. • r.L�A , i/ a yyyG /lL Au 07-1,q07-1,qr�G�LSYser C1r%sL� ({r AW+w a /jR/ ICG Ae.� rrNr_Ltl /illF� �rA'f/!<�11R 61E-e/!U O/LG •rL�TgOI i+/ Helu 2578, Hewahewa, Hawaiian Islands Greetings to you Commissioners who Quiet Land Titles: I am a claimant, and hereby set my name and the diagram of my claim before you, who are in charge of this work. �!lib1 y!v!t 'rr� V /fLsorrclt.�,, //6•� i/�' 1 �i'N lr.C�la, 4J0 iJ/ti��'r 4s -ICH-;. � ✓ 1 /�(Ctr:C sY/ er R. /J'eGlLls�cZa- asp' �,,,�...�.� «� .�;�✓� ��� lf�� ��.� a✓.� �� Law ♦H,j Gr J!!X , R -t Q.�-tl. GLO'LF�• Y2O/LOG yyjY(••�.t4 �R�� v,e..�� ,i���J ✓� •e• �.<✓�v-sci•tt ice/L_!.. _ `,`./• - ' t/4 oLGi� /t% K/ �''�+'r�•r��1 The glace where my lot is at Ponahawai and Punahoa at a place called Kawela. It was from Pekelo and Aikane. Therefore I have a right to this place. Therefore the claim is for this place, stated truly, and not with deception, that you may see this diagram with its dimensions on all sides. Farewell to you all. Done by me, Hewahewa • He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 11 ti (HlPonaha78.03f203) Native Testimony Volume 4:410 40ko ic�.G_...� t% i/i?�7lLh .2-.i,.�r_ •. - � - 1...4 f1I .� ogle, - !y�iR�dv' .✓[`'yc� N4� .lt.tG-%-I4J-t i1 6/aa'-' .. i/ �l�cw !j'J.•A F>4� �/Ylit/�-!A�/sem / J///aa'�..��r'fiL�//i.0 QJ•Lt• Wevov .. ✓L�/ //�a�eltw ✓G m sfp�Ly�e.. �'� No. 2598 [2578] Hewahewa, Nov. 8, 1848 Kaapa sworn and stated: I have seen, there in the Ahunuaa of Ponahawai and'/ and'/ in Punahoa Ahuouaa , Hilo, Hawaii. A house lot. Mauka is Lumaina's lot; Hamakua is trail leading to the uplands; Makai is my lot; Puna is Keaniho's lot. It is partially enclosed and there is 1 kihapai that is adjoining the makai lot. Petero Kaaipuhi had given Ponahawai by love in 1840. No one has objected to him. Keaniho sworn and stated: I have known exactly as Kaapa had stated here. He Wahl Uo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 117 (HiPonaha78-051203) 0 • • Foreign Testimony Volume 5:6 Helu 2578, Hewahewa Kaapa, sworn deposed, he knows the land claimed by Hewahewa to be situated partly on the Ahunuaa Ponahawai partly on the Ahunuaa Punahoa and to •consist of a house lot bounded on the West by Lumaina's lot; on the North by a bridle road; on the East by Kaapa's lot; on the South by Keaniho's ground; it is partly enclosed, and has one framed dwelling house belonging to Hewahewa, and one field or kihapai on the eastern side of dwelling house. That part of this lot situated on Ahupuaa Ponahawai was given him by Peter Aipuhi in the year 1841, and the part on Ahupuaa Punahoa, his own, given him in the year 1835, at the time the lands were given to the teachers Kaapa, Keaniho and others. Keaniho, sworn deposed, the evidence of Kaapa was all true. Punahoa — Native Register Volume 3:564 .ap 6 • 4� • ;� •5 r ��_ LL ![r lrlLL..�jfRrrrrrw/�� mr'.710 Z0 p / _ s•`��/ / /. -c- v -I ,.� d. t i i r 4� �%r•�r e l 0.t� ,l,{i.CGll�f�. I Vie �! rie , r{�%e'e.r� 77<' r • 414 e- !.!t_ • r� r r %Z., w. .J/ G it R ALr ' Rif $1 et- O' • 6r/s,r2 . /Y/•�y/lrr� %d07A_.�y�4flc�, rJ.77 lL V LIC/ fY ✓V4GO lt.cd. re<.G.1 .JY.CIi, !' r, G/�L O //,C �i• Jr r•��ze !/• 07.U.1� J..R/ /! tr//•ldrs-r ldr✓ rL .i7s.r-C� rl'/�C r'-"!•=� rf-! A / LI RN•.lr� / �•f'+•t�' �7o'1•r{!:- /j�e(1•.�Zc4.vel� rrl�sc- •c.Lx.•�1r! Are s -r elm , 4VA4 r rxi Fau�'Ce r»•e%L+e L.r-G/rmR-• [xz/�: r•."<1/`[t'.r.,lr.lilr{Lr� O � /niltel�t ri9.a9C/�e. 4 .r�r, o r/rr✓ili!�.a- //lfaia kr[/r.� fie. W�i.4� C.L .'W" �/.[•(lc.. r, !l��r.?-i. rr•!/��ee. o_ /Z. rye. lc. ♦ tem vss9/raw4 a�[�• /Lrr��s cGsL. !er, /L/� srvliea� eryyrw- �,� jflYls-c-F CLCC�• GL .rla�•cc. 6[s -s -o ! /UG/a..•rJLYf�i•� G7,u� ��ha-� �-s� •-rrC-u, a�ac.• .��: ,�Zei�asr o -Le O !zLu�rr� eza f" AFG ;!i<iV v r l�/�i.� t �r acs ✓ lCwcv ute�iu! `LC Gi�lti�[ ; 'Z.':%z�� /pp' o..G .�yrr. �..�Il/y%L•e1/!/Y!-srw 2,'rs- !Y/r dt>...L..ha4✓-Q; Q. 9• !'�./x (�scGi�; /•esti r✓-�i%WjiLv�li a h�iR-dvC� �.f�•�l��+zs_-.• . Helu 2582, Haanio, Kailua, Hawaii, 29 Decem. 1847 Greetings to the Land Commissioners. I hereby explain to you the source of my claim for a land at Punahoa, Hilo, Hawaii. Piopio was the konohiki. and from that time my father dwelled on this piece; there was no one there before, our father • was the only one His name was Kapihana. This place was formerly kula with pili He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo Ila (HiPonaha78-051203) grass and our father built a house; this place of which I tell you is of two types, because it is not enclosed with a wall it is called a parcel of land, but, it is correct to say that it is a house lot and a parcel of land. It is 2 5 fathoms long by 30 wide. That is our farm. By D. Haanio Foreign Testimony Volume 5:75 No. 2582, D. Haanio, Hilo Hawall Kahuli, sworn deposed; knows the claim Punahoa 1 and to consist of 2 fields in 2 of D. Haanio to be situated in the Ahup. lots. 1. An house lot in 1 field of coffee by which the house is surrounded, has one house belongs to Haanio. 2. A kalo field joining to coffee patch, cultivated both lots. The gift of Kapihana. A.D. 1839. Bounded West by the field of Makuakane; North by the Mission land East by the land of Kaihu and Kanoa; South by the land of Hewahewa and Makuakane. I know of no counter claim. Kaihu, swom deposed. That the deposition of Kahuli was true. — Native Register Volume 8:678 x..a'EwGaw�i. "✓Lw;a., il+. �Fisra, o„s�wuC��Gw.� Helu 3769, Apiki Punahoa, Hilo, Hawaii Greetings to the Honorable Land Commissioners: I hereby truthfully state to you that my parcel of land is 24 fathoms by 24 fathoms. Apiki kane, for his wife, Kahuhu is her name, her claim is for a parcel 15 [fathoms] long by 11 [fathoms] wide. Done by me, Apiki He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 119 (HiPcnaha78-051203) • • L� 49 Native Testimony Volume 4:418 ,e/w lLe..e. im/.+ems a '7-z - _.� 20 :.r��e.., j�i�.,�rNV-is`m_-+-.a��r�y-�— /�- -lfyl.K77�1/, A •/r- g'A'& �'/ys�'�eG 'gg K� �� �YLC/ LLi D� l O Z //.�a�e//�.�.�_ -ifs,.., -�y i�llL,f�JLfS.R. � ,..C.►n...,� G�..✓�s�---�� 4PZ10-0 .4- . -AV %!tet% Apr'&,'•..-,+...�.- �•.- fte� L /C�//cw� /�-l'vaA. v �LrOld �►+�- 4sa� 4�+�1. �di6O9L� �iL�G� /}�'a ti /�-L llZu.•. �1ia.w.ai Yc� Helu 3769, Apiki Kauohe, sworn. I have seen at Ni, Ahupuaa of Punahoa, Hilo, Hawaii, a House lot. Mauka, is Puali's lot; Hamakua, is the Government Road; Makai, is the shore; Puna, is Aipinepine and the Pond (Loko). It has been enclosed, 1 house is for Apiki. It was from Piopio in 1824. Three houses for a Chinaman are within the parcel, from Kaeo. Kaeo has no interest here, there is no Poalima [land worked for Friday tax days]; no days of work. Section 2: Mauka, is the trail; Hamakua, is the Government Road; Makai is Puali's lot; Puna is Kanoa's lot. • He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 120 (HiPcnaha78-051203) It is enclosed with a wall, 1 house for him. Gotten from Puali in 1844. No one has objected. Kanoa, sworn. I know this land, it is exactly as Kauohe has •stated, from beginning to end. • Foreign Testimony Volume 5:12-13 No. 3769, Apiki Kauohe, sworn deposed, that he knows the claim of Apiki to be situated on Ahupuaa Punahoa 2 and to consist of 2 lots. Lot 15`, an house lot bounded: on the west by Puali's ground; on the north by Church Street; on the east by the sea beach; and on the south by the ground of Aipinepine and the fish pond. That it is enclosed and has 1 house belonging to Apiki. This lot was given to Apiki by Piopio in the year 1834. There are 3 houses in this lot occupied by Amoe, the Chinaman. The ground was given to him by Kaeo, who had no right or title in the lot. Nor had he any labour days on the land as konohiki. Lot 2 is also situated on the Ahupuaa Punahoa 2 and is bounded: on the west by the main road; on the north by Church Street; on the east by Puali's ground; and on the south by the ground of Kanoa. It is enclosed and has one house belonging to Apiki. This was given to him by Puali in the year 1844. His right has never been -disputed. Kanoa, sworn deposed, that the evidence of Kauohe was true from first to last in all its bearings. • Native Register Volume 8:678 ls�,C 0 Helu 3771, Aipinepine Punahoa, Hilo, Hawaii Hear ye, ye Land Commissioners of the Government, l hereby describe my house lot to you commissioners who quiet land titles, that it is 56 [fathoms] long by 32 [fathoms] wide, 34 on its sides, 30 [description unclear]. By Aipinepine He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 121 (HlPonaha78-051203) • Native Testimony Volume 4:422 / wd ./�AYr+zw�lGs+.a Jl►s� A-si-c.e-, �jia�J'!'.t�: ite. HJR ,((at /lss �/�fi� AGI �l ii Oryw•r. �c.+ liar AW4�/�I/�, �.�... Jl./A!v I� Dildo � /IZ.Gy i Helu 3771, A)pinepine 10 Nov. 1848 •Puali, sworn and stated. I know, there in the Ahupuaa of Punahoa, Hilo, Hawaii. Mauka, is Kanoa's land; Hamakua, is my land; Makai, is the Chinaman; Puna, is Kanahele's. One Garden, one house for him. Piopio gave it to him in 1835. No one objects to him. Kanoa, sworn and states. My knowledge about this land is the same as Puali stated here. Foreign Testimony Volume 5:11 No. 3779 [see 3771 above], Aipinepine Puali, sworn deposed, that he knows the claim of Aipinepine to be situated on the Ahupuaa Punahoa 2 and to be bounded on the West by ground of Kanoa; on the north by the ground of Puali; on the east by the Chinaman's fence; and on the south by the ground of Kanahele; consists of 1 kihapai, has 1 house. He received the land from Piopio in the year 1835. He knows of no difficulty in regard to his claim. Kanoa, sworn deposed, that the evidence of Puali was true. • He Wahi Mo'clelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 122 (HlPonaha78-051203) Punahoa — Native Register Volume 8:680 /f'�'�r �Y.�•G/a�osc/rev r/u�isc..v�EsC,/sx•.�i/r Gaal.; vera 0IAV6 s.- ao,c. -Z.121 a� loam Helu 3867, Puali Punahoa, Hilo, January 6, 1848 Hear ye, ye Land Commissioners who Quiet Land Titles of the Kingdom. I hereby state that the size of my house lot is 40 long, 24.wide, on one side it is 42 long and 12 wide. By Puali Native Testimony Volume 4:416 �/Y- /tilt I�l�/Rsr/rte (/IOOE_ .Iu- .7r �.IiN r/ ✓Llif�/,.�9`l1Sv�ryhc-fie../I/� /r�+•.a-moi.._ 10 �/�i/!i �./vN �^7 /�sr/ArL fr ✓ ViyR Ci.� � � /%it..tsr'h.:a.� `:fi..Lys/y�v4 /IGA'1� if'ti� (Za �%r��'s`!/Gfv .ya.�. �irc r� • %y�i.ei AaP.n�c� �zaV �is� �t./�/Zc /1.:•�.r yZG[i /T/� fes/ _ I1s•+.a•L � �.cs.lG Ai . �sa� �- . . Helu 3867, Puali Nov. 10, 1848 Kanoa, sworn. I know, there in the Ahupuaa of Punahoa 2, Hilo, Hawaii, a House lot. Mauka, Apiki's lot; Hamakua, Government Road; Makai, Apiki's lot; Puna, Aipinepine's lot. It is enclosed with a wall, there are three living houses for him. It came from Piopio in 1824 and he has lived there. No one has objected to him. Apiki, sworn. I know just as Kanoa has stated here. He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 123 (HiPonaha78-051203) Foreign Testimony Volume 5:10 No. 3867, Puali Kanoa, sworn deposed, he knows the land of Puali to be on Punahoa 2"d, and to be bounded on the W. by Apiki's fence; on the North by Church road; in the East •by Apiki's land; on the South by Aipinepine's lot; has 3 houses of his own within the enclosure. He received the land from Piopio in the year 1824. His right has never been disputed. Apiki, sworn deposed, that the evidence of Kanoa was true. Punahoa — Native Register Volume 8:680.681 a•rsa .Cwu+��sa- dlsc(s2sts. oscscsv ./ce<.�,us- /..dC,c ossa: a 1Ti+v/'1i:+rJ[aCG�+t+ rly� r.�rs<.•�Neq/ / lto4z �l z.�//z 4000�&.' al a Helu 4002, Halelepo, Punahoa, Hilo, January 6, 1848 Hear ye, ye Land Commissioners: I hereby state the size of my house lot to you, the Commissioners to quiet land titles; it is 30 feet [perhaps fathoms] long on one side, 21 wide, 30 on one side, 24 on the other. Halelepo He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kurnu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 124 (HiPonahaTa-051203) Native Testimony Volume 4;421 f A' �044.✓lLLloca—�J♦/ �r1� s/Etc- !Zr„if. V 1L� vy/Y/sv�uc,.csr. • /Lvsc.✓�S-. s- 1 �f Z/tys�et. �.GlXiN.tt�. f2G ��LyC_H-s�si� .�. /®/ .0"���//s v>flo .JLa/4ryttsr-ri �lz.t. ✓.s-s-�c..e, iilo �+�.� ire-0. cvlti'c. AWOL- zzmc i .O`�' o-s • • � �ac fti tee.. �.•�� Helu 4002 (3996), Halelepo, November 10 • Kanoa, sworn. I know, there in the Ahupuaa of Punahoa, Hilo, Hawaii, a.House lot. Mauka, by the Government Road; Hamakua, by Uilama's lot; Makai, by John Nomore's lot; Puna by Peleula's lot. There is one house; gotten from Kanahele in 1845. No one objects to him. Pukoa, sworn and stated. I know this lands just as Kanoa has stated here. Foreign Testimony Volume 5:11 No. 4002, Nahalelepo. 3996 true index No. Kanoa, sworn deposed, that he knows the claim of Nahalelepo to be situated on the Ahuauaa Punahoa 2. That. it is an house lot bounded on the West by the New Road; on the North by the enclosure of William Beckley; on the East by John Nomore's fence; on the South by Peleula's ground. He received it from Kanahele in the year 1845. He has one house on it. It is partly enclosed. Pukoa, sworn, that the deposition of Kanoa was true. r , U He Wahl Mo`olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 125 (HiPonaha78-051203) Iv LwI:� 4►i�i � -. //LL�t• /1Z1L�L qti 1 Helu 4002 (3996), Halelepo, November 10 • Kanoa, sworn. I know, there in the Ahupuaa of Punahoa, Hilo, Hawaii, a.House lot. Mauka, by the Government Road; Hamakua, by Uilama's lot; Makai, by John Nomore's lot; Puna by Peleula's lot. There is one house; gotten from Kanahele in 1845. No one objects to him. Pukoa, sworn and stated. I know this lands just as Kanoa has stated here. Foreign Testimony Volume 5:11 No. 4002, Nahalelepo. 3996 true index No. Kanoa, sworn deposed, that he knows the claim of Nahalelepo to be situated on the Ahuauaa Punahoa 2. That. it is an house lot bounded on the West by the New Road; on the North by the enclosure of William Beckley; on the East by John Nomore's fence; on the South by Peleula's ground. He received it from Kanahele in the year 1845. He has one house on it. It is partly enclosed. Pukoa, sworn, that the deposition of Kanoa was true. r , U He Wahl Mo`olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 125 (HiPonaha78-051203) Ponahawai & Punahoa — Native Register Volume 8:681 Irt��CftR/ /div/.1.� ots� 2�cs:-:s/s. o�s.nc /�c6./✓� • 4 p ac .iw �a eA A / �Gsc�al sr. a a c oh,.✓�/ arw .i�r..LL . /2,s �t/ists[i/llsR.��.mb'�sa�C/ a� /Ja�sssu..o�*.�• /� .t osr.�� Helu 4276, Kapahl Punahoa, Hilo, Hawaii, Jan. 4, 1848 O Commissioners who Quiet Land Titles. Respectful Greetings to you; I have a One iihi [narrow section] is in Punahoa and the other lihi is in Ponahawai. Here is the measurement of the kihapai - 80 fathoms in circumference. On the other side, it is 22 fathoms on the north, on the west it is 19 fathoms, on the south and • east it is 39 fathoms, a total of 80. By Kapahi Native Testimony Volume 4.416-417 Mot- 4,00& /-cors f" -- .L, �La-�c, 1lpi.�«tea- Acv 4akl� AV IVLWW-. /fes. r,,` . %ha.� ,ode a..�r.•-, . 74.:-,x- •ate • He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview or Ponahawai at Hilo 126 (HlPonaha78-051203) Gy�R�Lw.cvss,cie. Helu 4276, Kapuhl, November 10, 1848 Keawekoa, swom: Knows that there in the Ahuouaa of Punahoa 2. and half in Ponahawai, is a house lot. Mauka. is the Chinaman's sugar cane plantation; Hamakua, is Makuakane's lot; Makai, is Kaiho's lot; Puna, is Lumaina's Lot. I, and my husband, Kalawaia, gave it to him in 1844. No one objects. Foreign Testimony Volume 5:10 Helu 4276, Kapahi Keawekoa, W., sworn deposed, she knows that land of Kapahi to be situated on Punahoa 2, that is it is not enclosed, that it is bounded on the West by Chinaman's sugar plantation; on the north by Makuakane's enclosure; on the East by Kaihu's fence; on the South by Lumaina's ground. It has 1 field for cultivation and 1 house. Myself and my husband gave this land to Kapahi in the year 1844, since which no one has ever disputed his right. (Only 1 witness to Kapahi's aina, the donor.) Ponahawai — Native Register Volume 8:696 140 -- �yuvacijae�/ �o�ap e.�<C arrc��,�j�i,I�irs.�itau%e �waascpu�.� /<Tl/�6-11e i.Y�ev Topp y�WJ[Rc<�v1i�.e-h.�sLocL, f<<c �l11[... ,/mac I�oa� � r ✓/lam aPiarycaaQcia.0 a /&,atfsu, qr.e—/ a•/ iw /iJL,t. Helu 4983, Kukeleau, January 17, 1848 1 am Kukeleau of Ponahawai, I have a claim for land here in Ponahawai. The measurements of my lands amounts to 9 Acres. It is good land when tended He Wahl Mo'ofelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 127 (HiPonaha78-051203) 0 • • • • • are the old-timers of this place. born here. By Kukeleau ave held it until the present. My witnesses know my occupancy of this place as one Native Testimony Volume 4:411 'j Lza '%/�JJLtrst� l��s( ����r!✓J?i7� ..jula /1s-! L i - '%�jG Is' aD �/Iut 7Le�7%e-ta/.' !/4s�/ li �i�, /'lt/mss-rti /c �2ie ��i -✓�s� - � / i -.g' /-,.* 0.A 0* -.0 001a.. fId, df. ♦ Adm .L/ 1 Helu 4983, Kukeleau, November 9, 1848 Kapuaa, sworn and stated: 1 have seen, there in the Ahupuaa of Ponahawai, Hilo, Hawaii, a land parcel. Mauka is Kanehiwa's land; Hamakua and all around is the stream. 1 kihapai & house for Kukeleau. Gotten by him from Aikane in - 1844. No one has objected. Kaehupuakea, sworn and stated: I have known exactly as Kapuaa stated here. Foreign Testimony Volume 5:8-9 Helu 4983, Kukeleau, Thursday, November 9th, 1848 Kapuaa, sworn deposed, that he knows the land of Kukeleau to be situated on the Ahupuaa Ponahawai, that it is a ground lot and is bounded on the West by Kanehiwa's lot; on the North by the stream Alanaio; on the E. by the stream Alanaio; and on the South by the stream Alanaio. It is. only 1 field and there are 2 houses on it belonging to him. He received the land from Aikane in -the year 1844. No opposition has ever been made to this claim. Kaehupuakea, swum deposed, that the evidence of Kapuaa was true. He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview o1 Ponahawai at Hilo 128 (HlPonaha78-051203) — Native Register Volume 8:697 ryi�. may.!/ �if���k� K�Yr• ,v.escL �i�c, Rl�c+r✓ lJJca�lr�se4j / /GR- �%�ll49LK/!G Rcr. y • Ru�� lliOtc+� 6GC.. i�J+K! 0'.Gt� ' - i Helu 4994, Kapuaa, Ponahawai, Hilo, January 15, 1848 Hear ye, ye Commissioners who quiet land titles. I hereby tell you of my separate It is 320 fathoms by 240 fathoms. Done by me, Kapuaa Native Testimony Volume 4:413-414 • BNIJKA/ v v Gaol/ zZ,-e, - Al -e .t •7GL !/"//L�+ +e/�•�`� �— ,, Ij�j-a-� Q•>'iQ/�� Eta 417 Osr 4 G(i+tt� /H lJ.e.�+flQ L1Gs,ia� • He Wahi No'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hifo 129 Kumu Pono Associates (HiPonahal&051203) • • • W/� Llic✓!!-C%:- -Jrta e.•kH.s. �I�c-� '�!J`N•Li.�.�. Cs-IKc4' ,�„j.t `jL��.l..-� ,� J/�! /'I�yy� 4 i/s..[ f��t 4 •1A�7 /!/.r t / ✓'A' ii.cL � 6 .�ri.6� w L" rs. � ei� �/!..-Fig' iYy✓n /!wo%lsC� �Xd j , G I/:k !illt'lZs r. ! .f/lGc• 4f Helu 4994, Kapuaa, November 9, 1848 Kukeleau, sworn and stated: I have seen, there in the Ahupuaa of Ponahawai, a land parcel. Mauka, is idle land for the Konohiki; Hamakua by Wahea's land; Makai by idle land; Puna by Kaimana's land. 3 kihapai and 2 houses for him and his people. It is old land from the grandparents during the time of Kamehameha I. No one has objected. Kahau, sworn and stated: My knowledge is exactly as Kukeleau has stated here. Foreign Testimony Volume 5:9 Helu 4994, Kapuaa, Thursday, November 9, 1848 Kukeleau, sworn deposed, he knows the land of Kapuaa to be situated on the Ahupuaa Ponahawai; that it is bounded on the West by the Konohiki; on the North by the land of Ekoa: on the East by Konohiki, on the South by Kaaimana: that there are 2 around nlots and 2 houses: 1 belonas to Kaouaa and the other It has never been disputed. Kahue, sworn deposed, that the evidence of Kukeleau was true. He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 130 (HiPonaha78-051203) — Native Register Volume 8:701 / 4Gs� ��//KGLQ4iAi Ups/� �-�IY//C 014/P� •+�N'+V /7J1s4./G ./Yaffe eC. 4WAI Helu 5110, Kalho Punahoa, Hilo, January 11, 1848 Greetings to the Land Commissioners who Quiet Lands titles. 1 have a lot claim in Punahoa, Hilo. The sides of my lot are, N. 32 fathoms; East 34 fathoms; South 28 fathoms; West 37 fathoms; it is good land, crops grow well when properly tended. The right to this place was from our parents; on their deaths we inherited it. By Kaiho Native Testimony Volume 4.421-422 1 i II li•y: i 000'f e Z01�r .v // fZSL. -, 14 Pl�i(Js/,s.� /f :�/��Oti1%%[-/�//!t/c• �fctL� OH/%/®QvJ� ✓ Q1'7 9 Lt/ �Il�� /Z /ti ✓.LY1'�O�/ /L�i !/KL'SNsvj /f.1R•/��,za,•,y,� �/.�'a<,��� ,• is � l; •�it,L .>rf� .sie o4itd.-se.,:. 1 O 1 He Wahi No'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Porto Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 131 (HiPonaha78.051203) 0 • L] �..LtiilsL.fi iyys iL.yrec, v X or, tirs� �c/' /«i, ��+ moi'..-H..=�► I// HiQ'' AZ fy/t�lttil ru/%/O 6jrrw .N..�i . 6- fr' at., -':� Helu 5110, Kaiho, November 10 Puahewa, swom and stated. I know, there in the Ahupuaa of Punahoa 2, Hilo, Hawaii, a House lot. Mauka is Mealoha's lot; Hamakua is Laimana's lot; Makal is Kanoa's lot; Puna is the Government Road. It is enclosed with a wall, with three house; two houses -for Haanio, 1 for Keahi. Kaiho has garden on the Puna side. Kaiho's claim from Mealoha during the life time of Piopio. Haanio's interest from Kapihana. No one has objected. Mealoha, sworn, and stated. I know this land to be just as Puahewa has stated here. Foreign Testimony Volume 5:11. No. 5110, Kaiho, Friday, November 11, 1848 Hewahewa, sworn deposed, he knows the claim of Kaiho to be on the Ahupuaa Punahoa 2"d, that it is an house lot bounded on the West by Meaaloha's lot; on the North by Mission land; on the E. by Kanoa's fence; on the South by a bridle. road; that it is partly enclosed and has 3 houses, 2 houses belong to Keaniho, to whom belongs the right and title to the lot and to the cultivation; 1 house belongs to Naai. Kaiho's claim is on the south side of this lot and was given him by Meaaloha, who received it from Keaniho, to whom it was given by Piihana in the life time of Piopio. I know of no difficulty in the way of -his claim. Meaaloha, swore, that the above deposition was true: He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 132 (HiPonaha78-051203) Ponahawai — Native Register Volume 8:702 r j. '1�iN/dtr ///IAB• i F /,': "'•"�/.(/!/rLlNr�di -�i f. '! .L �rl .J,�G[ JK G 1/(P/6 //{d!•9/ay •�L//:G lib f•XA .'.�s.cJ.e.;//f/s //:.,c �tcuitR, �+.>�.�crurr�./�irro,tuc.L j G/fCa h.•a.sX<ev•4,�. I!/:ti i -/:G //I� /C�r. pJ[ � OJaIL•-/lira /7/dNa. yil/2/rltai �Kru/ R Nib./. - . ds .lil✓�/c .Il..ullcN: Jhr2c ,J14•-iir�� �a�/oi� a.-�r`r/� � �lhrri .cai�• !� +fa.L !O-4. b iflvlfOIXCC, i+ 2 CJrILMCiWGClp21rL r Helu 5122, Keawekunane, January 17, 1848 Greetings to you, the Commissioners who Quiet Land Titles. 1, Keawekunane, of Ponahawai, hereby state my claim for land to you, the commissioners of the government. My land is 9 acres in size and is a right presently held from my By Keawekunane C� C� He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 133 (H1Ponaha78-051203) Native Testimony Volume 4:410-411 SRL-•-, ..�• - Q,.. C_ M•... e'Cuo1 !iI vts�... .(i'.t.! re /J e.,O .ti/i�.r p es[. J �.Zc !✓ .� %iLtL� �J•s+ G�ia•1t�� R.C�� i'lfwQ.(iVltswe%Cc��t�/fL� L��/���++� �af�/•/1vrc..• • � �O•e% Q � /! �?ilr.I.2r. �!-re.�...- r'L1. .yi.. ! Jilt -i sJ s •.li. fid.-�/. �i i+-�.G, 9 9w� � - Yom+ F � a 6k•as� i:. Q�a- _ hd! .Ao -ri.. z,^ B•a. Q%s.0 �. .: .-�..�-a! v ,.e.....l c — /,' // /J✓(R�/lcc,�/��� � lvi�rifri�u-s.�i.� C.�'�./a/CGI, rac� Y�.P �fi/�G� �v� \Yes•u� .�'/�t� o�-.-e- %lk.. a✓�2lfr�r�ua • He Wahl Mo'oie/o no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 134 (HiPonaha78.051203) Helu 5122, Keawekunane, Novemb. 9, 1848 Kaehupuakea, sworn and stated: I have seen, there in the Ahupuaa of Ponahawai. Hilo, Hawaii. Parcel 1. The application for 9 acres is in error. Mauka by Wahiawa's land; Hamakua by idle land; Makai by idle land also; Puna by the Ahupuaa of Kukuau. This has been cultivated but there is no fence. Three houses for Wahiawa and not for Keawekunane. Parcel 2. House lot. Mauka is Wahiawa's lot; Hamakua is a new Government Road; Makai is Kaheananui's lot; Puna is Kaheananui's lot. It is not enclosed and there is no house. 1 cultivated kihapai. It is old land from parents during the time of Kamehameha I. No one has objected. Kupuea, swom and stated: I My knowledge is exactly as Kaehupuakea has stated here. Foreign Testimony Volume 5.8 Helu 5122, Keawekunane, Thursday, November 9, 1848 Kaehupuakea, sworn deposed, he knows the land of Keawekunane to be situated on the Ahupuaa Ponahawai and consists of 2 lots. Lot 1 is bounded on the W. by Awahia's land; on the North by the Konohikr, on the East by Ahupuaa Kukuau; on the South by Konohiki. It is not fenced in, but is under cultivation. There are 3 houses on this lot belonging to Konohia who has no right in the land. Lot 2 is bounded on the West by Wanana's enclosure; on the North by the new road; on the East by Kaiananui's lot and; on the South by Kaiananui's lot. Claims it by inheritance from his ancestors since the time of Kamehameha I. Kapuaa, swam deposed, that the evidence of Kaehupuakea was true. He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponshawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 135 (HiPonaha78-051203) 11 • P Punahoa — Native Register Volume 5:36 C, J iV-) Sj- A' CJ � a JG ctLr�J/ �1Ya �./,e4/X��+� na,�li�stes a ��a. P 9x /T/•L O / /a "Jim ✓ �N'+f� •F/+�• p / ✓ Gbh[/ v7i/t�/s��t. ��f b(�Ji/�<!rb :✓7 %1R� O �.f A'r�s/llN/(� • / �"/�'J R..- cfi P 7TGL/Ll i/Y�•N N/ Esc Y"'a �(R.!!iR•L.�. m / � R 7LGKl Lk i i R J7 � �I[ 71'4 Uh HLL/��n Fes, /���/JR•�K• //97 A+ 'v ��+'POHsv.'� / � i/ylL�� .� ��+a•r�• Q. ✓•fA R L►� ✓-Liv _ OC /�JJf Q.Hv Ov /r LeY'! �� a"t . aY 'rp � �'L b Y�.F(+ ! �/G i�� • IY �/H� K� ILS a- - IV 4a Alree-10 Helu 5320, Asa Kaeo Honolulu, 28 January 1848 I, Asa Kaeo. One with a claim on the Island of Hawaii, in Hilo, at Punahoa: A house lot for the Chinese, first; second, a House lot where the Chinese living at Punahoa. Lot at Ninole, Kau. Lot at Hianaloli, Kona. Those are my claims on Hawaii. The claims on the Island of Maui. Lot in Lahaina — Kaalolo. Lot in Lahaina — Kauapo. Lot in Lahaina — Puaa. Lot in Lahaina — Waianae. Those are my claims from Hawaii to Maui. These are house lot claims only, - which I state in this letter. Aloha to you, the Land Commissioners. Asa Kaeo • He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 136 (HlPonaha78-051203) Native Testimony Volume 3:246 `7C ✓fain �i�zc, 7Gs ✓�,o Aae� 944; Imo: �'a Ate.: �ka.�, am ma....I�a.:../vi ✓f�0at..��+ �crn. ars�w. t.//� /�RGf.LCL 4-4 -6t aci+..Lt....:.� �� �.-.w . �G.✓�.+co�i. s%lLa, �✓. /ice. �.�...1� He Wahl Mo'o/elo no Ponehawei me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 137 (HiPoneha78-051203) CJ • Halt; 5328, Asa Kaeo For Asa Kaeo Laimi Ili in Honolulu, Kona, Oahu •Puaa Ahupuaa, Lahaina, Maui Ainakea, Ahupuaa, Kohala, Hawaii Punahoa, Ahupuaa, Hilo, Hawaii • • Sept. 6,1848 I agree to this division, it is good. The lands written above are for Asa Kaeo; it is agreed tat they may be taken before the Commissioners who Quiet Claims. (Name) Kamehameha Hale Alii February 1, 1848 I show herewith the copy I have from within the Division Book. G.M. Robertson Secretary Land Office 6 September 1848 See the objection of Kuihelani for the Ahupuaa of Punahoa, at Hilo, on page 553 of Book 2. He Wahl Mo'ofelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 138 (HiPonaha78-051203) Native Testimony Volume 4:424-425 �s�I /�4,w sem l�Lta ��•t/,� �it iso ✓Gl4Ga�•v� iyl7sL .fLJ? �T/2i-� S2 ` ,// axons fc.�lti •i7J 7d/scK Ca w v /r•o, l Gi 4:; �f(iC. i)7'if�.fi�A p7•L 07..0 /LK yys.N y/L.�L,�• �'iai9J`.v,GOJ�..C� ,•:�. Gi,�.-�iJ4�sYi. � of, et*ZAL- ' �i.,�i,•e�.s - ih./�ri pis, fLe, lLcsr�a� 40 He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 139 (HiPonaha78-051203) • i • a A�l� .fes e ./�/ amu.,% �%�ss� , .�. , a�� tx- 16~u: 4; a.00001ee4o sr �ldj .��- � I gzP .r.c.a. rr,.a.c- Atd�aco ' d A. Iv �y1Z.vszcsut� i i He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview o/ Ponshawai at Hilo 140 (HiPonaha78-051203) Helu 12, Asa Kaeo Puali swam: I know, there in the Ahupuaa of Punahoa, Hilo, Hawaii, two parcels, house lots at Punahoa I and Punahoa II. Parcel at Punahoa I: Mauka, is Kailikahawai; Hamakua, is Kalaeloa; Makai, is Halai's lot; Puna, is Moehihio losua. It is enclosed with a stone wall, wall made by the Government; it is not lease- hold. So thought because he is the magistrate. There is one house, it is for Piopio, from her own personal lands. Gotten from Koahou, her elder brother. Piopio died in 1844, when she died, it was bequeathed to her son, Asa Kaeo. I actually heard it, as did Kanahele, Opunui, Maile and Kapulelona, people who were stewards of Piopio, we were not led to the court. Ahupuaa of Punahoa two: Mauka, Government Road; Hamakua, Government Road; Makai, the shore; Puna, Ponahawai Ahupuaa. Piopio did not enclose this lot but had the following people do this: Pake, Apiki, Puali, Amoe Pake and Kauakahi. These people have interests in this lot, land and houses. Kaeo has no house here, Lapailani is the name. Koahou built a house and all of Hilo trimmed it around 1825. That house fell downin a tidal wave in 1837: When Kaeo's claim there had ended, Aipinepine lived there and planted, and built a house and fence, in the year 1847. Kaeo gave the interest to the Chinaman. Opunui, sworn. I have known this land to be exactly as Puali, except, no one has objected. Kalakuaioho did apply for the parcel before. [Not awarded, see Helu 463 of Kahakumakaluia] Foreign Testimony Volume 5:14-15 No. 12, Kaeo [Note] given to Kekauonohi Puali, swam deposed, that he knows Kaeo has two house lots both on the Ahupuaas of Punahoa 1 and 2. Lot 1 is situated on the Ahupuaa Punahoa 1 and is bounded: on the West by the ground of Kailikahawai; on the North by Kalae's ground; on the East by L.K. Halai's lot; on the South by losua's lot and Church Street. It is surrounded by a stone wail which was built by the prisoners at the time Piopio had charge of them. There is one dwelling house built by the people from the lands belonging to Piopio. The lot was given to Piopio by her brother, Kekoahou. Piopio died in the year 1844. At the time of her death she gave this lot to her child, Kaeo. I heard her give it to her child. There were many people there at the time. These are the names of those who were present: 1. Hianahole k.; 2. Opunui k.; 3. Maile He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 141 (HiPonaha78.051203) • • w.; Kapulolona w. We are the kahus of Piopio. We were not called upon at the trial concerning the division of the property because we were unskillful and not proper for witnesses. • Lot 2n° is bounded: on the West by the new road; on the North by Church Street; on the East by the beach; on the South by the Ahupuaa Ponahawai. It was never enclosed by Piopio, but by the Chinaman, Aican [? illegible] in part. by Apiki in part. by Puali in part, by the Chinaman, Ahmoy, in part, by Kauakahi in part. Their right consists in their several plots and buildings on this lot. Kaeo has no house on this lot. His title was in an house called Lord Byron, built on this lot by Kekoahou. The whole district of Hilo built it in the year 1825, which house was swept away in the great inundation of the sea in the year 1837, which put an end to his title. Aipinepine has cultivated, built on, fenced and lived on the spot until 1847 when Kaeo gave the place to the Chinaman, Aican [? illegible]. Adjourned until Wednesday November 15 1848 Opunui, sworn deposed, that the whole of the evidence given yesterday, the 14th, was true. That there was no objection to his title. Kalakuaioho disputed the right of Kaeo to Lot 1. Rev'd. Titus Coan, sworn deposed, I gave permission to Kalakuaioho to live in the enclosure of Piopio, his deceased wife,. under and according the honor by which we held the land from Kaahumanu, the right to which is laid before the • Board for Quieting Land Claims for the whole of the Ahupuaa of Punahoa 1 from sea to mountain. We have therefore given permission for those whom we chose to reside thereon, requiring them to comply with our wishes in regard to their conduct, but we have not given any; part of the land to anyone to hold in his own right, because we considered the land to be held in trust and to belong to the Hawaiian Government as long as we lived on the Hawaiian Islands, but we have given to Kalakuaioho the right to live in this place. I do not know of any right Kaeo has in the land. Ours is the superior right. We have executed a writing between us and Kalakuaioho accordingly and to which we have set our hands on the 21 st day of April 1847, to which Kaaiawaawa was witness. Lot 3`" situated on Punahoa 2. Kaaiawaawa, sworn, knows the [boundaries] of this lot, namely on the West by the school house; on the North by Church Street; on the East by the main road; and on the South by John Nomore's lot and Halelepo's fence. It is enclosed. Kalakuaioho enclosed it formerly, but the present fence was put up [by] Mr. B. Pitman. There is 1 house on it belonging to Kalakuaioho, who received the lot from Piopio, who did not give it to Kaeo. Kaeo has no right in the lot, he only thinks he has in right of his mother (Piopio). Piopio left it by will to Kalakuaioho. I did hear her give it to him. There were present at the time and heard it also Kalahuna w., Kaahana w., Kalakuaioho k., losua and his wife, Kanihokapu and her husband, Kalakoa k., Maluai, Napuni who all heard this command of Piopio, that Kalakuaioho was heir to all her property. This lot was sold by Kaeo to William Beckley in the year 1846, which causes the • difficulty. He Wahi Woleto no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 142 (HlPonaha78-051203) Kanae, swom deposed, that the evidence given by Kaaiawaawa was true. Kalakuaioho, sworn, in regard to Lot 3 now occupied by L.K. Halai, 1 do hereby relinquish all my right and title to this lot to L.K. Halai under the Reverend Titus Coan, and will never put in any claim to his disadvantage. [Not awarded to A. Kaeo; see Helu 6244, awarded to Kalakuaioho] Punahoa — Native Register Volume 8:703 ' � C�Ji-nuc i a�srao ,:La.d�uc. ��ssc..0 •�i�l�i.��� sP.��srtte..�i 9l`w/le,14zwOVAP�Q; 4Jluy�R/cGX•<E•lG��rfJ�o, At-.z.zw-o.o Liles/ •t/ /'-v/`s i irs' a aJ7aG osee . / +I i[ro' .. AV ,� d !/ �/Flo'X�A�-��1/f��L.G�✓/GL✓�lct�(//lL�a/�+pfl�fl�•�!ll��j?Sv /Y� �h'< I� A/1� A/lsL a L(/IteR.�1Lr/tla�c<•a "�1%+Lu�.Sse. /mai � t��I/�� .� .Ltr+tK✓ La2r�/. :�+/B �lt�W Helu 5701, Kaiu Punahoa, Hilo, January 10, 1848 I, Kaiu, the one who drew this diagram, hereby describe the measurements of my house lot. My right to this lot was that the alil, Piopio, who lived here in Hilo district, gave it to our parent, Unea. We lived together, and when Unea died he bequeathedme this lot, since I am his son. That istheright by which this place became mine. By Kaiu He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates AHistorical Overview ofPonahawalatHilo 143 (HlPonaha78-051203) • Native Testimony Volume 4:412 . X � �r t'(/i /sem. a.I.v ✓ J� fi.'/)'/,«�r..�i%r�/.�/ ,� -.•�.�,lsJ�.s� i C !a2/'/•�.o ✓ `Q , 3/+ 6 C�QAAi1'�.� / ✓G� cif IL/ I /iLl/`I"Y�ci� �eG tia� /%!c/!4� - /%r-'� h4• /Rr�h•J�' ;fr.G« .. o s o, CJs. ♦ /!.v/o� • �:.• �lllri�Iit � � �; G./ x , ./u i .e. � ` •n- Ae f: . o•% C<.�..�i/ i//oma//�lZo•.-r�,Q/' �e.,�,� t %i � %�vr5e/fr�% /fly l�FfJ Nw lls.•. ilCt+.u•� G moi•/I JK� %ze • ..-, ✓bQ.s�� /��� a f// s+. /!�i/� int 6ctlo•-• �i lia�dl. l/ -.e fro ...... "I/�2G- ,re.�/i •.c.. E7 Jill-' .e: Helu 5701, Kaiu, November 9, 1848 Puali, sworn and stated: I have seen, there in the Ahupuaa of Punahoa, Hilo, Hawaii, a House lot. Mauka, is Haanio's lot; Hamakua, is the missionary land; Makai, is the missionary land; Puna is Kaapa's land. It is not enclosed; 2 houses, 1 house for him, and 1 house for Kauohe. Kauohe has interest in this lot from Piopio and his father. However, they are dead and land has been bequeathed to Kaiu. It was conveyed to him permanently in 1839. No one has objected. Kanoa sworn and stated. I have known exactly as Puali has stated here. Foreign Testimony Volume 5:8 No. 5701, Kaiu, Thursday, November 9, 1848 Puali, sworn deposed, he knows the land of Kaiu to be on the Ahupuaa Punahoa, that it is a dwelling lot, bounded on the West by Keaniho's ground; on the North by the Mission land; on the East by the new road; on the S. by Kaapa's • He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 144 (HlPonaha78-051203) lot; it is not enclosed, has 2 houses, 1 belonging to him and the other to Kauohe, who has no right or title in the lot. The lot was given to Kaiu's father by Piopio in 1839 since which Kaiu has never been disputed in regard to his title. Kanoa, sworn deposed, that the evidence of Puali was true. • Ponahawai — Native Register Volume 8:704 44. ill ✓�rl�arr , lrr. ���S,ss ; ..rY!<lda.�irL�rr[ a-nrrrt:. /!.r-;'.�,�j�yrL J.•irle.Ytrc�oluL-�t'.c.• i �/PtG�-1rG,,ll/�ll�./ '•;itrl .GGr;o.c �jyrrG c - (Oc�ri �lt�tc .lYc L�lJca o •rYt•sc � /./rr.r/t'+rr.'.�.tc�/.f� .¢r. lru!!a dicditrF'w., _t .�CJ"/�ie .ylr2 .40 lr K,i-a o/ doz .Z.Y Irx• W146- /r%'�r ; r c7�Rr•. ,w� - : . J%. Gay rissr ,.rLGcao XG. r. w. Gia: ra�t•,t stn ,l,rrrr.c lew , i •/ �f'gilYKAc,b �.c .G;v:rr�a �lJt•al�KG' /ItrG! �If<dlAlr4 .lia !rn•.�.GcrA :bG . at; /J�fKrd.t/ya lesn• 4.v:1/a,e.: �v� % !ts-.v , :� • �re sr/!.e � - 1W`x r 4 - r�r Helu 5705, Kapahukula, Hilo, Hawaii, January 11, 1848 Greetings to the Honorable Land Commissioners on the Island of Oahu. O Land Commissioners, here are the measurements of my kihapai for your information. The makai width is 138, the mauka width is 52, the length on one side is 305 and it is 302 on the other, a circumference of 797. Here also is another kihapai of mine which is 8 fathoms on the mauka side, 85 fathoms, makai side, 115 fathoms on one side and 125 fathoms on the other side. It is finished. Farewell to you. By your very humble servant By E. Kapahukula n U He Wahl Mo'clelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 145 (HlPonaha78.051203) Native Testimony Volume 4:454-455 d7i� T • (�ilfi L�LG 0l�L %LIQ/ L' �FL fi/�• Lia ••cs� 4� lwld 1 10 LTi / t�'�TY 4/JGr ., (yj� /IC/7OOFd � �14 -LSL • O��LGIit ; /y//JJ1 At = �liL-- ��[.. . iyrrc/za�v, ,�e/. .:r�f/.� met• .,.c/o ,� :Q r �iL ,siusrr .Le, //� ��s�• ✓/(jG�ss-t-r�acs...�•� AI ✓ Ll7LiNlil.I�4.��rr• !/ .!'tom �r%'Zd f4 �LL• - saa.� .[.�v (/l/ice L•/L� .s•to sc/sem � �i•ud/� tit-CCS�-��?•y-�.ti J�l� iia/L�dc./�/7cri Lv /�% m f�I r�.'�s- /?tLfW.I��!"•9f�'C'/''L, !yam/W [� G•' G/-- •Ge"L-' Lim• I � � �ys� IA�%�/liGii�il2��r>tit-/ i �C11e.-e-• ee r— / Ld-si /32e ��C.6ICL .ga He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 146 (HlPanaha78-051203) /,� ��-1 s'm-r+� /i .u.o� y �y 000, �•i�.G) ��/ ./vJ�sze�sc 'J?.e vitt/ )?Lifr 1 !7 J, s.r. t-tti �. e s�srr�ewq sv Z4 e7-" as e"- I j Jti . i I / r liljls L M/ Je�ArsY�-rFJ G.s.. 7-�LL. ��y "rsLsu, r !l'A1�ir/r ,,e. r.t! s.-G, !'t`.»-cac�• rrsf, �i�-���yw,i, ce�sQJeL rJ�zd .rav r/.-w.�1i, Jei .hr�0 1 ,�Nlb .f �• IY<.r/riL•.J,<t rcly ra-[. / 444CLIl: /�TYf�'�LL>N[fi /YJ r�C C/ f Ir'1/if. if-pror, "f/ ` / 1 !/ R/N-L/L-f�e%jV l/L✓-'+���/1 R-1 S1 a b/•�- f/L!/CL 119.rt. N//L/r'iYf/Gd �/K-lLs-L�HJ[- SJR/ �N ILfJ9 Ol•!/dam /L /Z�LO /�JI�/rLG/` . J1``O � //!� �N ir• r//LA L' si /�"li I [Its .9•s-O .?i "Pap rdo !A4- •lr2e.- l7icGc- ' .!c-.2. GLtc�! � /�s4 .yJ•7..c'�lsWar.%LC�.. L/Jt, -Gly+ �JZa OCI�/s. /[p ✓�/lr,�.N�yi R•sLCG•LR� eA-J•7 it-zc; • 'W".,YZCt� Ar st /i!•r a sti �c,.vp c s/,."/c r! LLGjd Kms+ ' <lL inCt / AV �jyr'ic.. /�/�cK�,✓//Y!•9ti t/ /GG- IGO-It./fu.� �l•�Zc. �H�i�Jt RJIN/�. /�MiJ7t•s�ref9s.v ✓9�Ks<e' Oye..tG,'�eV/.�`/�/t4 r /d(ORI ' .IcP.bc� G 44 44.fJsc• /liter Ae4i 0, ✓L�GJ40oz e; pe"et,• Lit/ .7YfeEli ",s2 e�-�J/t c0 `%a- Xr. K '„�JL/ hi! ./�i+ti �/-li1lZ4' ✓>7ti A.' /LG /L�-S� He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 147 (HiPonaha78-051203) • • 0 Helu 5705, Kapahukula, November 21 Haae, sworn and stated: I have seen the iii land in the Ahupuaa of Ponahawai, it •is a parcel of land. Mauka is Pitman's cattle corral; Hamakua is the Government Road; Makai by Chinese people; Puna by Kukuau stream. No cultivation done by Kapahukula, no house built. I cannot say whether Kapahukula still has the place. It is rumored at present the land has been returned to the Konohiki. Kanuha" had done this in 1847. 1 heard Kapahukula had turned the land over to the Konohiki. Parcel Two. Kanaina, sworn and stated: I have seen this claim, during the time of his father, it is true. I have not heard that Kanuha returned the land to Pitman, neither has Kapahukula. Only today I heard they have returned it, I do not know whether that boy has a claim. Keoni Ina — Chinese: I actually heard Kanuha return the place on which I first planted in 1847. It was Kanuha who told me, "I have returned the land to Pitman." Then I went and asked Pitman, "Has Kanuha returned it to you?' He answered yes, so I had a lease with Pitman for that place. When Kanuha died, I. bought Kapakukula's taro (a/) which was on the land for which he is now petitioning for. He agreed to let me have one section. Pahukula and_I went to Pitman where he said, "I am returning that kihapai on which Keoni Ina and I had a sale so that the annual tax might be reduced.' I heard Pitman agree with him and told him that I had been fanning on the land. He agreed on this also. Therefore, Kapahukula has no interest here. The claim is for the Konohiki. No • one has objected. Pitman, sworn, Kanuha had come to me just as Keoni Ina has stated. He returned the land to me. It was exactly as Keoni Ina's testified, and I deny he has any claim. Foreign Testimony Volume 5:28 Helu 5705, E. Kapahukula, Tuesday, November 21, 1848, G.D. Hueu Counter, No. 4801 Haae, sworn deposed, he knows the claim of Kapahukula to be situated on the Ahupuaa Pohanawaii [Ponahawai] on the Ili [illegible], bounded on the West by the bullock pen; on the North by Government road; on the East by Chinaman's sugar plantation; and on the South by the stream Pohakunui. He has never cultivated it. There is no house on it. I do not know who has the right to A. I now hear that this piece of land belongs to the Konohiki, that Kanuha transferred it to the Konohiki in the year 1847. It is only today I have heard that Kapahukula has reclaimed this piece of land, to which he has no right or title. Lot 2. 1 do not know if this piece of land is below the Chinaman's ditch. Kapahukula has no right or title to it. wring his visit of 1841, Chas. Wilkes noted: "Kanuha is the representative of Governor Adams, who is the ruler of the five [sal districts of Hawaii, of which Hilo Is one.' (Wilkes 1845:208) He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 148 (HiPonahat8-051203) Kanaina, sworn deposed, he knows the right to this lot did belong to Kanuha. I never heard that he had given up his claim to the Konohiki. Therefore I think they have no just claim. Keoni Ina, sworn deposed, that Kanuha did give up to the Konohiki that part of the land on which I have planted sugar cane. Kanuha told me that he had returned that piece of land to Mr. B. Pitman. I went to Mr. Pitman and inquired K such was the case, who confirmed what Kanuha had told me, since which time I have rented that piece of land from Mr. Pitman. After Kanuha's death I bought a patch of kalo from Kapahukula because I wished to extend and unite my sugar plantation in one fence. I gave to Kapahukula forty-six dollars in trade for the kalo patch and the same day we went to Mr. Pitman's, when Kapahukula told Mr. Pitman that he wished to give up the claim to this lot to Keoni Ina, begging Mr. Pitman to permit him to do so, to which Mr. Pitman gave his consent. After which I inquired of Mr: Pitman if any difficulty would arise from my planting it with sugar cane, to which he answered no, since which time there has been none, for which reason Kapahukula has no right in Lot 2, his right being returned to the Konohiki. Mr. Benjamin Pitman, swom deposed, that Kanuha came to him as stated by Keoni Ina, and that the deposition of Keoni Ina was true, and that this is the first time I have heard of Kapahukula having part in a claim to this land. [Helu 5705 not awarded; see Helu 234 B for land in Kukuau] He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview or Ponahawal at Hilo 149 (HiPonaha78-051203) • • • Punahoa — Native Register Volume 5:267-268 • • J / L/4_caaA A�u� y/ //J ✓./�G fiLf�t�f.��G �L/•1- �HiAyJf�/Jr}fif6A A., mvcL �Lsi• 6f1� AOL" fz.w wl/z�. a�.ca• IP.lifa .tv� av/�lw/.l-r2R•• bioL i" � ./_ t vpe a 444,4111 10- d �R- �WlO ti A ��/17.:if "/L� �IA�LC•/L"JL<�. i/K<R.I OfLd �/. rLtb'Q-�t?/d'!_P 2r.1./7ifi '01,0,�e� 4. .4L.4 d--,444ZL. 0,006 �"✓ZJLL•" a �bt.�. WLl►/Ln _ 411,4- tA• A*zs+., G" 4 91- /l 114,0 Az;, /to 4*'t.4"A .i ywas%[G IA. lli. 7fQg.z,�.< a/e/staa,1"G, e".-c/ua!lad "aespz: /At; az. lea- %da/ui/i<i, 4t�Jsd ppAwc Gtu rof-A, 44 Aa4�ioA,, `I iCA• l� l A�a 1A.161, Aloe &4 Arl ifL'Gt r r, qtr iaG 2LV oTyi�ua, Z 1 A,. e4j zt a -t' 1 He Wahl Mo`olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 150 (HiPonaha78-051203) Jil � Ora. & , mta, r>tia- Gie-ao . .c iia" us+" GtLo Pzo 2te J7�, avr,/tea- I L In. 1....e u� / /1p/YtGa yCLL 41 tsi/t'w, L Z;".. 4 �ZL�1.r.sL+-f,L�h.A. .L lea 212PA, (J�..• �atcvn�'o sa. tint. , e, Gu li�Q" e dtt.a 9Lcca� A<.. � A1A.G/K" CR6oG LZ-lru At" z� Jy./s-w ' frvtA.w 411zt- ZA', %h._ Past.A- fi / ti A. f tf/, (�LL/R�iR-L.a./LrLLr�ce�'.R-•77r�/j�Y®'iL/.�li.r�.fis'��, j �ivl2C/+,`'roil i01,a Helu 6244, Kalakualoho, February 3, 1848 Be it known by you, the Land Commissioners, in accordance with the Law and the announcements pertaining to the various places, in the Elele, the one who swiftly travels here and there. I have three house lots in Hilo. The right was acquired. as follows; I had it from my wife, Piopio, and on her death it was bequeathed to me, her husband. The length of my right of occupancy is from the year 1840, that was when we married, and she died in. the year 1844. Koe took one lot of. mine in 1846, without my getting it. But it was taken in the manner of and oppressive konohiki. When Halai came as magistrate, my place was taken, this same lot. The third lot remains to me. This place was from Namilaneoe to my wife, Piopio, that is the one which remains, and if it is on the side of the chiefs, it is lost, because Hawaii's chiefs have no love for the little people, it is regretfully in the name of the chiefs, and the property is lost to someone else, such as this which is gathered up. 'When the day comes and you direct me. I will bring my witnesses, Mr. Coan and my written bequest. Respectfully, Kalakuaioho He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 151 (HiPonsha78-051203) • is is Native Testimony Volume 4:435-437 ii Ax �rAja +ate• a�� � -'r- .� fir. er� .a� .ww eal .Alr.�s:.�.�: � IJ��' v �sas�e Giles s� � �h�.ae/1Ir.•c_. Iifrry /ylYQ?Lf4u /ti Nib/- 4,�.sc. �r.e•Ofi-+ti �i � �ia�%�sc/�d�l�t�,ra-�ie.� Of �1ZztnRi �l�Aifi .7YJ•G� /'! Loi�fs-Sys-oc-- o .J.��-' ',t-sa�,/J .oc�/� v ys a �, L� c� yrs-+�f�•�-- iIrk /Luf/ /iLIJ�Jys�+s✓Ybi. �� iyrs..a-7tii�-. . ti �:�osr�«-e ���.o �i�•s.� ✓T�iaci �P//�•w+�-x- i }.4 zssti, o /L�Oj /��y��t� Q/� • / � / l2 �LG.l1 J•[/�- /4_��/!� siiYJ � f/ L Li/GSIq�(I6/ owe, fes- •Cz• �i 0 He Wahl Wolelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 152 (HlPonsha78-051203) � �yy,c� a�%vl .✓�iouc� v oz, • ' / Jyf91IFNi�i f�/ifi I J.Lf�it�L/R� y O�C� I� .lJL lZ!/ !moi I�QJr� ! ctst� R•« LJ Ore_ ti��yt.Itt.efi . � ✓ -ii72 iLIiI R/ eZ �/ 0 /%iL�/LA-t•� �•�' �s�Y!'sr.�v �.i/�a !moi-+�- %iAz�iC-/ ! • /.,Ga�1x�e. %ip � s:� �p�/!�i• �t/lJ•tsri, ,{�l/x-/`tit •c: j /�� �is�isi. .G J%/D��il�/h���o✓�ly2� rystl�isae'C.�.� G - .%!,!-Illi Ilya l►�Jt A�svTr� /7iti `�sa-i �2..�r yc•sC. ,L. E �/l�/il�it , l�a�/ s •%L_•Hu/e�s►�s.�/�/ s� :st�.��ti �p.e � �-al�Ls� y�,ae•/�; /f1��[.. %L"soG : yir ai 7 i�j�es�/�tj/i� �%Z.�./c_ � //1 Q•/L!•!i(�•%7•i !!<Le �/.7�A�li l3 l �� /ZS O / �/��L NA•G $ r-iV.00Y ,Y�zzrp num ti Zee • �Lrc�s�1Ti�•r p �sr /` jst� ✓lost�'/�L���a c� �.� . �il�Q��,e%>.s•sic Ili 7•r1G Q��!!-rs �t-e�l.� rte 07tC- J�?tir ee . Al7�G�eeaa !� iiilG .7L�>t®c� /variiis-sem He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 153 (HiPonaha78-051203) / fPr- �O A l r-f/'�N�/G>�!2!i f�i 'W e'!i >.1iL77'ZCt� 0 q•> nf� x%17 �'Q� GLi /ISA /�-: c^ a� j I(J /yyyCi .�/GG �riLGL� OJ-?.1.st /�-• I �G�Ge�� fillt�� OF 446* oG/ v7 f•"p �1'W/'Y�OIJt'i O � / �iLL ��G L' .1A 4iat- .JJZL ,yrael a., ft ss la-,+�. 1 ct �� GLAiq.Gv'Jr;Gc av >s.� si //LG2 G' AG�i l zG� . Helu 6244, Kalakuaioho, (Claim lost) Hilo, Nov. 15 Mr. Coan, missionary. I agreed to have Kalakuaioho live on this lot where his wife lived before, as Kaahumanu has conveyed this land to us we have filed out claim for this entire Ahupuea of Punahoa I, from the sea to the uplands. We have permitted various people on the said land to remain here, and for us to make it -right. We do not intend to give up entirely, sections of the lands to others, because we are caring for the lands for the Kingdom. I know that Kalakuaioho's interest is from us. I do not know Kaeo's right there, and it is us who have the greater right there. We have drawn out our papers of agreement with Kalakuaioho have been approved. Every word written on the agreement with Kalakuaioho, and they have been carried out and our names have been attached • on the 21 st day of April 1847, with Kaaiawaawa as the witness. He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 154 (HiPonaha78-051203) Parcel two, Punahoa 2, Hilo, Hawaii. Kaaiawaawa sworn and stated: I know, there in the ahupuaa of Punahoa 2, Hilo, Hawaii. Mauka, is a School house; Hamakua, is the Government Road; Makai, is the Government road; Puna, John Pukiki's land. It is enclosed with a wall by Kalakuaioho from before. Now, Pitman has it enclosed; there is 1 house for him. He has it from Piopio; it was not a bequest right of Kaeo. It was only in the thoughts of the mother. This property is only for Kalakuaioho. I actually heard instructions, so did Kalahuna, Kapahana, Kalakuaioho, losua Moehihio and his wife, Hanaukapu, Kalaeloa , Maluae, and Napuni, they are the people who actually heard the command of Piopio, the inheritance was fro Kalakuaioho, all of the things. W. Beckley purchased the lot, though Kaeo did not have the right to it. It was sold in 1846. He is the one who protests. Kanae sworn and stated. I know this lands exactly as everything said by Kaaiawaawa, before. Kalakuaioho sworn and stated. I have agreed to third parcel. The third parcel was gifted to me, but is taken by Halai and now under Coan. One house for Kalakuaioho, his land from Piopio. Piopio did not bequeath this lot to Kaeo. Kaeo has no claim there. Kalakuaioho is the only claimant in that lot. He Wahl INo'oleto no Ponahawal me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview ofPonahawal at Hilo 155 (HiPonaha79-051203) U • Punahoa - Native Register Volume 5:544 7. yaGv Q+.L c.iti d'►�r�fL�w l/ i2.L �.L[.N.R- v�rr,.6.a../L(.,,�•,.,v.J OtMe 41 A-01101014 % �� 6•v„��A,DLfit�i .,//,/ o; •� iYul�6L ' //J��Ga.,�' ei/ ly �►cGcv / frra. a r ., v, GL iG i,ia. �. fel t%r�t� 1yi /✓�a.G 2 //�/r-✓rrv��DDaz/�w �u/{� • Helu 8352, Kanahele, Honolulu, 11 February, 1848 To the Esteemed Commissioners: I hereby state to you, the. Land Commissioners that I, the one whose name is below, am a claimant of a house lot at Punahoa in Hilo, Hawaii. Furthermore, Asa Kaeo is the one who has the land, and I have some house lot claims from Kaeo. I am, respectfully, Kanahele his mark X Place of residence, the lot of Kaeo [Helu 8352 not awarded] Punahoa — Foreign Testimony Volume 5:37 No. 11047 B, Makuakane This claim has not been forwarded to Hilo. Kapuaa, sworn deposed, he knows the claim of Makuakane to be situated in the Ahupuaa Punahoa bounded on the West by Mission ground; and on the North by • Mission ground; on the East by Keaniho and Kaiho's land; on the South by He Wahi Wolelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historicai Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 156 (HlPonaha78-051203) Keaniho; contains 1 field partly cultivated and one house belonging to Makuakane. It is partly enclosed. He received it from Unea in the year 1835. 1 know of no difficulty. Kalamainui, swom deposed, that the evidence of Kapuaa was true. • Punahoa — Foreign Testimony Volume 5.95-97 No. 11298, John Nomore, Hilo, October 21, 1854 To the Honorable Board of Commissioners for Quieting Land Titles. Gentlemen: The humble petition of John Nomore shewith that in the month of August A.D. 1854 Kalepolepo arrived from Oahu having an adjudicated claim to the land of Punahoa 2 and to my surprise told me .1 have no claim to the house lot I now occupy, for that my claim had not been entered during the time allowed by law, & threatened me with an ejectment -unless I pay him an heavy yearly rent which is beyond my means. Your petitioner therefore prayeth that he may be permitted to lay before your honorable Board the evidence as taken before John Pelham, Esquire who is connected with our honorable board, as also to present to you the reason why and how my claim came not to be heard and forwarded to your Board with the other land claims. The late Governor Leleiohoku ordered me to leave our house lot I then occupied on Piihonua, telling me to chose another place in exchange; I first thought of building on the beach on Punahoa 2, but finally went to Kailua to know with certainty from the Governor Leleiohoku, where I should chose another house lot and whether I should receive indemnity for the buildings and other improvements I had on Piihonua. The Governor Leleiohoku told -me to chose my spot on Punahoa 2, which he would cause to be enclosed by a Tea [t►] fence and give it to me both in exchange and compensation and that I must consider lt as such, he then gave me a letter to Mr. Pitman and Kaiwi, the Lunaauhau [tax assessor], with directions to them pursuant to which, they put me in possession of the house lot I occupy present on Punahoa 2. Furthermore, at the time that Z. Kaauwai Esq. was here at Hilo to receive claims I went to John Pelham, Esquire, one of the Commissioners and laid my claim to this house lot before him, also as John Pelham Esq. was well acquainted with the circumstances under which I obtained the house lot I inquired of him if anything further was needed, and I understood from his answer that I had done all that was required. Very shortly after I went to California leaving Mr. Pitman as my agent, but it appears that he neglected doing anything towards perfecting my claim. When I returned here the time allowed by the law to present claims had elapsed, but even had it not, I should have allowed it to elapse firmly believing that I had presented my claim to John Pelham, Esq. Therefore your petitioner humbly prayeth that his house lot may be awarded to him as set forth in the accompanying surveys made by John Pelham, Esquire and that your Honorable Board will grant this, his petition is the prayer of, Gentlemen, your most obedient humble servant, John Nomore. He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 157 (HlPonaha78-051203) Hilo, Hawaii, 21stOctb. 1854 To the Board of Land Commission for Quieting Land Titles: Gentlemen, John Nomore, living, employed Mr. John Lippitt to lay before your •Board his case relative to his kuleana and Mr. Lippitt having notified him that it would be necessary for him to lay before you the proofs connected with his kuleana, he applied to me to take the deposition of his witness, which I have done and which 1 hereby enclose, I have taken the liberty of acting in this case without any express orders from your board to do so on account of the shortness of time yet remaining in which action can be taken on any case. I will also observe that as I was myself residing at Kaipalaoa at the time the circumstances transpired as given in the depositions I can vouch for the accuracy of the statements. I do also remember when the Commissioner Z. Kaauwai, Esquire, first came to Hilo to take testimony on land claims John Nomore came to Mr. Pitman's office one morning while I was busy writing, wishing to know if I would given testimony in his claim. I told yes, at to be at the court house at 10 o'clock, he continued to trouble me with questions; I told him in answer, I knew all about, it would be all right, but to go way now as I was very busy from which it appears he supposed there was no occasion to do anything more in the matter. I was too much engaged myself to think any more of it, and thus I presume through his ignorance, nothing had been done in the case. I have the honor, to be Gentlemen, most respectfully, your.obedient servant, John Pelham. Foreign Testimony Volume 5:98-99 No. 11298, John Nomore Deposition taken on the claim of John Nomore to his kuleana situated on the land of Punahoa 2nd, Hilo, Hawaii, by John Pelham 21, October 1854. Mr. John Nomore Kahalehau, sworn deposed, he knows the kuleana of John Nomore to be situated on Punahoa 2nd. A long time ago when I lived on Piihonua on the beach with my grandmother Namaka, who was konohiki, John Nomore lived there too, Namaka gave him leave to build his house there, close to our house. In the year 1843 Leleiohoku, the Governor, came to Hilo and ordered all of us who lived there on the beach at Piihonua to remove from there, as all that place was reserved for the King and nobody was to live there. He told John Nomore to go and find another place and he would give it him. He went and lived in a house on the beach at Punahoa where the Chinaman lives on the kuleana which is now Apiki's, but he was afraid of the eruption of the sea, he went to Leleiohoku at Kailua to get a better place. When he returned I saw Kaiwi, the Lunaauhau give him this place and saw him build a tea [N] fence round it. He said he did so by the Governor's orders who had written to him and Mr. Pitman to give him that place. This was, I think, in 1844, afterward when the Governor came to Hilo, I heard the Governor Leleiohoku tell to Kaiwi, that was, a good place and that he gave to John Nomore. • He Wahi Mo'clelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 158 (HlPonaha78-051203) Kalaloa, swom deposed, that he and John Nomore lived on the beach at Piihonua, at the time Leleiohoku came and ordered us all to remove from that place as it was to be preserved for the King. I know he told John to get another place and he would give it him instead of the old one, and then John went and lived on Punahoa and Kaiwi, the Lunaauhau, gave him the place where he now lives, and enclosed it with a Tea fence. I know John went to Kona to see the Governor, and when he came back he told the Governor had given him a letter to Mr. Pelham and Kaiwi to give him this place. Hewahewanui, sworn deposed, when Governor Leleiohoku came from Kailua he stopped at my house at Laupahoehoe and I came with him in my canoe to Hilo at the time -George Paulet was at Hilo. John Nomore was living on the beach at Piihonua. The Governor said to me all those people who are living there must go away as the King wants all that place for himself. I was with the Governor when he told John Nomore he must go away and take down his houses, as they King wanted to keep all that place to himself, and told him to look out for a place on Punahoa and when he had chosen a place to tell him and he would given it him in the stead of this place on Piihonua. He also told Kaiwi the Lunaauhau who was there at the time that when John Nomore had selected his place to build a Tea fence round it. I know that Kaiwi did enclose the house lot now occupied by John Nomore, because the Governor, Kaiwi, myself, and others coming up from Kaiwi's house, he shewed it to the Governor, and told that was John Nomore's place which he had given him and enclosed and the Governor said it was good. " It was the next time the Governor came to Hilo after he told John. Nomore to leave Piihonua. (No deliberative Council held in these cases, consequently dropped) (Claim No. 11298, not awarded] He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 159 (HiPonaha78-051203) • • CJ BOUNDARY COMMISSION PROCEEDINGS: KAMA`AINA WITNESSES DESCRIBE PONAHAWAI, PUNAHOA AND NEIGBORING LANDS *The emergence of fee -simple title for land in Hawai'i following the Mahele, saw rapid growth of business interests as well. In 1857 J.F.B. Marshall addressed the Annual Meeting of the Royal Hawaiian Agricultural Society, and reported on the increasing development of business in the islands. Ventures included cultivation of sugar and coffee; harvesting pulu for mattresses and pillows, and kukui for oil; ranching and export of hides, tallow and wool; and salt manufacture (Pacific Commercial Advertiser; November 5, 1857). Fee -simple title and growing business interests also heightened the need to establish boundaries of lands so that private property "rights" could be protected. In 1862, a Commission of Boundaries (the Boundary Commission) was established in the Kingdom of Hawai'i to legally set the boundaries of ahupua'a that had been awarded to ali'i, konohiki, and foreigners during the Mahele. The Commissioner was charged with the responsibility of determining the traditional boundaries of the given lands, and documenting the occurrence of traditional uses and access. The primary informants for the boundary descriptions were old native residents -(generally bom between the 1780s to 1820s) of the areas being discussed—in this case Ponahawai (generally written "Ponohawai) KaGmana (generally written "Kaaumana°) and Kukuau. The native witnesses usually spoke in Hawaiian, and their testimony was translated into English and transcribed as the proceedings occurred. Readers here will note that there are often inconsistencies in spelling of particular words such as place names and features. Maly has •also observed that often, when two of the same vowels were used by the original translator/transcriber, it indicated that he heard a lengthened pronunciation of a particular vowel. This -emphasis of pronunciation is now indicated by a macron mark. The descriptions of boundaries for Ponahawai, Punahoa, Kaumana and Kukuau, include important descriptions of traditional knowledge of land, place names, and specific features from the sea to the mountain lands, where Ponahawai and adjoining lands are cut off by Waiakea and Pi'ihonua. Kukuau 2nd and Ponahawai share the same boundary from the shore and along a section of the Waiolama-Alanaio streams to Nohoanaokaalu, where Kaumana (which has no ocean frontage), separates Kukuau from Ponahawai. Kaumana then runs mauka between these two lands. The narratives for this upland section describe trails, houses of canoe makers and bird catchers, water holes, sport diving places, and upland cultivating areas; and places where worship once occurred. One of the upland planting areas (situated in what was then forest, is identified as Ka'apa, also the name of a Mahele awardee of land in Ponohawai and Punahoa. References to 'auwai and ditch systems on the land are also given in the testimonies and notes of survey. . The witnesses also described at least two heiau, Mahipe'e and Ahulau, apparently on the flat land between the shore and first slope behind Hilo Town. These heiau are situated in the ahupua'a of Kukuau, and no reference was made in the karna`aina testimonies to heiau in Ponahawai. • He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kum Pone Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 160 (HiPonaha78-051203) The full testimonies and metes and bounds recorded as a part of the Boundary Commission proceedings for Ponahawai (including the Ponahawai-Punahoa Boundary across HAla'i and Pu'u Honu), are cited below. Additional testimonies and descriptions of features and noted resources on the landscape between the boundaries of Ponahawai, Punahoa, Kaumana and Kukuau 15t and 2n4 are excerpted and cited as well. Underlining has been used in these texts to draw the reader's attention to particular references to practices or features of the cultural landscape. Register Maps No. 513, and 514, depict the 1873 surveys of J.M. Lydgate, cited as a part of the Commission proceedings; additionally, Register Map No.'s 1744 and 1914, by H.M. Lyman in 1853; and Register Map No. 1689, by A.B. Loebenstein in 1898, provide key points along boundaries, as cited in the testimonies below, for the lands of KaGmana, Ponahawai and Punahoa. Ponahawai-Punahoa: Testimonies and Certificate of Boundaries Ponohawai (Ponahawai] Ahupuaa District of Hilo, Island of Hawaii Honolulu, July 7, 1873 R.A. Lyman, Esquire, Hilo Dear Sir Mr. F.H. Hams is authorized by the commissioners of Crown lands to make application to you as commissioner of Boundaries to have the boundaries of all Crown lands on the Island of Hawaii defined: He has a list of the lands with him. I have also authorized Mr. F.H. Harris to make application to you for the settlement of boundaries of all lands _belonging to Estate of His late Majesty and Her Excellency, R. Keelikolani. I expect to be in Kona by the trip of the "Kilauea" which leaves here on the 28"' instant. Can't you make it convenient to come round as the steamer goes to Hilo on that trip. I wish also to apply for the settlement of the boundaries of Honohina. I remain, Yours respectfully Jno. O. Dominis Honorable R.A. Lyman, Boundary Commissioner for Island of Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands. The undersigned would herewith make application for the settlement of the boundaries of the following named Ahupuaa or lands belonging to the Crown, viz.: Waiakea in the District of Hilo bounded by Keaau, Olaa, Kapapala, Humuula, Piihonua. Piihonua in the District of Hilo, bounded by Punahoa, Waiakea, Humuula and Puueo, Paukaa & Alae and other lands names not known. Ponahawai in the District of Hilo bounded by Punahoa, Kukuau & other small lands... (Volume A No. 1:2381 He Wahl Ho'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 161 (HlPonaha78-051203) • • • ...Your Honor will therefore please appoint a day for the hearing the evidence in the foregoing named lands and having decided upon the same to grant a certificate to that effect to the undersigned. (Signed) Jno. O. Dominis, Crown Land Agent, is by F.H. Harris, attorney at law, Hilo Hawaii, August 16"' A.D. 1873 [Volume A No. 1:240] Ponahawai Ahupuaa District of Hilo, Island of Hawaii 3rd J. C. On this the 29'" day of September A.D. 1873, the Commission of Boundaries for the Island of Hawaii, 3° J. C. met at the Court House in Hilo, Island of Hawaii, on the application of J.O. Dominis, Agent for Crown Lands, for the hearing of testimony of witnesses; for the settlement of the boundaries of Ponohawai, situated in the District of Hilo, Island of Hawaii aforesaid. Notice of the hearing of said application, served on the Agents or owners of adjoining lands, as far as known. . Present: E.G. Hitchcock for applicant for the Estate of M. Kekuanaoa, for Rio Dias and P. Nahaolelua, Guardian of A. Kuniakea [Kunuiakea]. Notice also served by publication in the Hawaiian Gazette of f and Kuokoa of F For petition see Folio 238 Book A Certificate of Boundaries of Punahoa 1 and Royal Patent of Punahoa 2° filed for a portion of the boundaries on the Hamakua side of the land of Ponohawai. • Testimony Kekai K. sworn: Piihonua loins Ponohawai at Puuike, at the mauka comer of Punahoa. Puuike is a hill with,banana trees growing on it, situated on the Puna side of the lava flow of 1855. Thence the boundary of Ponohawai runs along the land of Piihonua on the Puna side of the lava flow... [illegible] ...as from Court House to Puuhonu (the mauka hill of the three hills back of town) to Nahuina- Thence the boundary between Kaaumana and Ponohawai runs makai, along on Punahoa; thence makai to Makena a kulana kauhale. where we used to mahiai INWahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 162 (HiPonaha78-051203) we used to go after yams & hoi* thence makai to Kaenaena, a Kauha►e: tnence to at the lower edge of the woods: thence makai to Poauwai, near an orange tree. have planted bamboo This is the makai comer of Kaaumana: tnence to and Kukuau. The swamp above the bakery on the beach is on Ponohawai, and the dry land, on the Hamakua side of said swamp is on Punahoa; the spot where the old cocoanut tree, which was used as a whipping post, used to stand is on the boundary; thence direct to the sea shore. The sea belongs to Waiakea. The fence near the Hale Paikii [Photo Shop] is not on the boundary. It is on Ponohawai. CX'd. [Vol. B:13] Hilo, October 2d,1873 The following witnesses having been sworn, the Boundary Commission adjourned to have them point out the boundaries at shore; between the lands of Ponohawai and Punahoa. Witnesses: Naluahine K; Puaa K.; Kamalo K. Case continued until October 2° 1873, at 10 o'clock.A.M., see previous page. R.A. Lyman, Commissioner of Boundaries, 3° J.C. Office of the Commissioner of Boundaries for the island of Hawaii, 3° J.C. Hilo Court House, October 2°, 1873. The Boundary Commission opened according to adjournment on the 29'" instant. Present: E.G. Hitchcock for all parties. Witnesses, sworn, Kaluahine, Puaa and Kamalo. & then went to beach to have witnesses point out boundaries. After returning to Court House took their evidence. Puaa K sworn: My knowledge of the boundaries comes from Waikane, who pointed them out to me. The place I showed you at the beach is the true boundary between Punahoa and Ponohawai, a little mound in the road at the distance of about thirty feet from the Puna end of John Pitman's Bakery; thence straight to shore Thence returning to point of commencement the boundary runs mauka across the rushes and into the cocoanut prove. (The old pond of water He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 163 (H►Ponaha78-051203) 11 • • on the Puna side of the boundary). Thence mauka passing through the grove. Four cocoanut trees on the land of Punahoa and the balance on Ponohawai; •thence across the road and to the north end of the house on Peleula's kuleana, said kuleana being on Ponohawai, and bordering on the boundary (Nahalelepo's kuleana laps over the boundary); thence to the Government road, and mauka through Kaapa's kuleana, to where a large None [none] tree used to stand; thence to the Government road makai of the Haili Church; thence cross said road and through the small gate in [Vol. 8:14] the Parsonage lot; thence along Hitchcock's fence, on the Hamakua side of his lot, along Kaiu's kuleana, and thence along Kanoa's lot to the mauka Government road; thence along the boundary between Lumaina and Makuakane's lot, and thence along Makuakane's to the makai wall of Hilo Boarding School lot; thence to the School yard, and running to, within two fathoms of the Hamakua end of the School House; thence to Halai hill: thence the boundary is settled by Royal Patents and (I have never been there) [see testimony of Kekai, above]. Ponohawai is cut off at Nahuina by Piihonua and Kaaumana. I have been most [of way] to Nahuina. The junction of Ponohawai and Kaaumana on the boundary of Kukuau is at Nohoanaokaalu, at a place where the gulch runs towards Hamakua, and onto Kaaumana, the road mauka of the gulch is the boundary between Kukuau and -Kaaumana; boundary follows the road makai to near Waiapahoehoe gulch, a short distance mauka of the gulch to Kalua o Kaaumana; thence follow the old road, on the mauka side of Lua o Kaaumana, •to the Hamakua side of the settlement where Akii and others have lately lived. The boundary does not follow the roads all the way. Thence to Poauwai. where Piihonua. at Nahuina. I have always been told that Kaaumana runs through the woods. CX'd. Note: At the beach Puaa, Kaluahine and Kamalo all agreed on the place where the canoes landed but Kamalo pointed out the boundary line some distance to the Hamakua side of said landing and running diagonally to shore. The other two pointed it out as running straight to shore from the house. Puaa makes it run from the makai road direct to the ki, growing on the mauka side of the Waiolama stream. [Vol. B:15] Kaluahine " sworn: The .place I pointed out at shore is the. true boundary, thence mauka to Peleula's kuleana, thence mauka through Kapa's to E.G. Hitchcock's, passing through the Parsonage yard; thence along the North boundary of Lumaina, thence along Makuakane to the North end of Hilo Boarding School & House and from thence up to Halai hill. The place I -pointed out, at Waiolama, above Kahoowaiwai's house at the old canoe landing is the boundary between •Ponohawai and Kukuau. Thence straight to sea shore. CX'd. He Wahl Wolelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Nilo 164 (HiPonaha78-051203) Kamalo K. swom: Naihualii K (now dead) is the one who pointed out the boundary between Ponohawai and Punahoa to me, and they are the same as I have pointed out to you today. I was bom on Ponohawai below the Gov't. Road (the Commissioner). Peleula's kuleana is on Ponohawai adjoining the boundary (Witness pointed out a point about thirty feet on the Puna side of the bakery, he also pointed out all the points from shore to the Hamakua side of the kuleana, the same agreeing with Puaa and Kaluahine.) I do not know certain about the boundary above Peleula's kuleana. Kaaiahua showed me what I know about the mauka boundaries between Kaaumana and Ponohawai. Ponohawai Piihonua and Kaaumana loin at Nahuina, a kauhale: thence the boundary runs makai between Ponohawai and Kaauman_a, along an old road to Ninaukala, a kauhale: thence makai to Waaloa, a kauhale; from here I do. not know the points on the boundary till you come to Papal, a kauhale and water on Kaaumana thence makai to Papaiono. near Laumaia on Punahoa: thence makai to Kaumumaonooho, a kauhale: thence to Koholoina palipali kauhale: thence Ponohawai is bounded by Piihonua from Kapoha, on the mauka [Vol. B:161 side of Puuike to Nahuina. I was bom at Ponohawai below the makai Government road. CX'd. Case continued until further notice to all parties interested. R.A. Lyman, Commissioner of Boundaries... Hilo, October 6°i, 1873... Kauohe K swom: I was bom at Papaikou, District of Hilo, Hawaii and lived there till I was grown. I then moved to Punahoa 1't, above the church, lived there until all the Hilo chiefs were dead. At one time I and Unea had charge of Punahoa I went with the surveyors and Kauakahi, who is now dead, was the kamaaina. CX'd. Wainanaia is makai of the cocoanut trees, thence to Halepaikii, all the rushes belong to Punahoa, the pond called Hauna was half on Punahoa and half on Ponohawai. The cocoanut trees above the spring are all on Punahoa. The boundary runs from said spring mauka to the north side of Peleula's house, and through his kuleana to Keoni Ko's lot; thence to Benjamin's house; thence to the He Wahl Mo`olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawar at Hilo 165 (HIPonaha78-051203) • CJ Puna end of E.G. Hitchcock's house; thence to the Puna end of the Hilo School yard, passing close to the Boarding School [Vol. B:17] Thence to the big ditch at Haili Hill. •Peleleu's kuleana was said to be on Ponohawai and from thence the boundary runs mauka to the Puna side of Keoni Ko's, and makai from said kuleana to the spring and thence to shore, but does not run towards Puna. Kauhikoa K. sworn: I was born on Waiakea, and moved to Piihonua after the death of Kekuaokalani [1819], and then moved to Punahoa and lived with Unea. This was before the arrival of the missionaries. I know the boundary between Punahoa and Ponohawai, but know the mauka one best. Unea pointed them out to me. The boundary at shore is about four feet on the Hamakua side of the Halepaikii, where a cocoanut tree used to stand, thence it runs mauka to Wainanaia; thence to Peleula's kuleana, to the Hamakua end of where the house used to stand; thence mauka to Benjamin's house; thence to Keaniho's kuleana; thence along the edge of awaawa [gulch or grotto] to Lumaina's kuleana, said kuleana is partly on Punahoa and partly on Ponohawai; thence to the Hilo Boarding School House. Passing on the Puna side of the fence; thence to the ditch on the Puna side of Halai Hill. CX'd. Puni w (now dead) who was the wife of Lumaina pointed out these- makai boundaries to me. The cocoanut tree which was used as a whipping post, was • on the boundary. The line runs direct from where Peleula's house used to stand, to the spring, and from thence to shore, and does not turn towards Puna. The At the time Ponohawai went into Pitman's hands, he moved the boundaries towards Hamakua. In olden times the Punahoa People used to mahiai on some kipi and the fish were given to the Ponohawai Chief. The cocoanut trees above the spring are all on Punahoa. [Vol. B:181 Court adjourned to look at the boundaries, and case continued until further notice to all interested parties. R.A. Lyman, Commissioner of Boundaries... ...Case opened according to adjournment on this fifth day of September A.D. 1874 at the office of E.G. Hitchcock, Hilo, Hawaii. Present: E.G. Hitchcock for applicant. • He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 166 (HiPonaha78-051203) J.M. Lydgate, Surveyor I followed the boundaries of Ponohawai kamaaina Kekai K pointed them out to knew the right boundaries. on the side adjoining Kaaumana as the me, and it seems to me that he really The pieces in town were surveyed according to Royal Patents and Land Commission Awards. Decision The boundaries of Ponohawai are decided to be the same as given in evidence and Notes of survey. For description see Certificate of Boundaries No. 47. R.A. Lyman, Commissioner of Boundaries, 3° J.C... [Vol. B:19] Ponohawai Ahupuaa, District of Hilo, Island of Hawaii, Land Boundary Commission No. 47 Hawaii 3id. J.C. ...Upon the application of A.F. Judd, Attorney at law for J.O. Dominis, Agent of Crown Lands, and by virtue of the authority vested in me by law, as sole Commissioner of Boundaries of Land Boundaries for the Island of Hawaii, 3' J.C. I hereby decide and certify the boundaries of portions of the Ahupuaa of Ponohawai, situated in the District of Hilo, Island of Hawaii, to be as hereinafter set forth. Given under my hand at Hilo, Hawaii, This Fifth day of September A.D. 1874 R.A. Lyman, Commissioner of Boundaries, 3° J.C. Boundaries of portions of Ponohawai: First Piece. South 440 East 29.24 chains to a large kukui &c not now standing; North 500 15' East 55.30 chains to kukui tree &c not standing; North 34°. 00' East 13.03 chains to head of Alanaio stream; Thence up along land of Kukuau; South 260.17' West 14.55 chains; South 6°.10' East 10.16 chains to pile of stones on edge of water run; South 48°.28' West 3.23 chains; South 430.50' West 8.46 chains to pile of stones and K cut in rock; South 60°.27' West 8.40 chains to pile of stones on edge of water run and an arrow cut in bed of stream at original station; North 700.32' West 3.56 chains to a hole; South 610.17' West 25.18 chains to a pile of stones on South end of island; also PK cut in the rock; South 18°.44' West 14.59 chains along bed of stream to large boulder marked PK and JL 73; South 300.30' West 1278 feet or 19.37 chains at 975 feet the boundary passes 55 feet West of Waiola spring to the edge of water hole below a large bunch of gingers; South 00.35' West 20.16 chains to a large flat stone on ahua in bed of stream marked P, and a pile of stones on edge. South 810.13' West 2.94 chains along bed of stream, the center He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 167 (HlPonaha78-051203) • E • of which is the boundary between this land and Kukuau to P cut in rock; South 270.38' West 4.88 chains to North side of bend; South 10.27' East 4.52 chains along bed of stream filled with boulders, and lined on the upper side by hau grove to P cut in large boulder, South 28°.30' West 3.15 chains; there is a P cut on North •side and K in cliff on the other side; North 68°.05' West 385 feet or 5.83 chains (at 65 feet Pohaku Umi, a remarkable large stone 12 feet X 4 feet squared on two sides on one [Volume C:51] of which is cut P) to P cut in rock just above Paihi or pall; South 830.40' West 4.82 chains to P cut in bed of stream; North 790.00' West 6.19 chains to P cut in bed of stream; South 540.57' West 5.44 chains to ahua west of stream and P cut in bed of stream; South 29°.35' West 3.37 chains to P cut in bed of stream; South 550.42' West 7.91 chains to ahua and P cut in bed of stream; South 810.03' West 6.26 chains to P cut in bed of stream; South 430.00' West 10.35 chains to P cut in bed of stream; South 70.50' West 2.94 chains to P cut in bed of stream; South 700.56' West 7.81 chains to P cut in bed of stream; South 540.30' West 3.55 chains to P -cut in bed of stream; South 40.30' West 5.96 chains to K cut in cliff 30 below station; South 870.14' West 7.39 chains to a point North of Pilali Kawai; North 890.44' West 9.79 chains to P cut in rock on the trail; South 200.12' West 10.39 chains to P cut in bed of stream; South 620.20' West 4.46 chains to ahua in bed of stream; South 35°.30' West 0.23 chains-, South 28°.22' West 13.97 chains to top of spur running out into the stream; South 440.03' West 5.73 chains along bed of stream;. South 290.02' West 4.69 chains along bed of stream; South 730.02' West 4.61 chains along bed of stream; North 50°.24' West 8.87 chains to center of long narrow island in bed of stream; North 710.39' West 8.90 chains to point on North side of stream just below makai of earth pati; North 520.20' West 5.51 chains to a post and copper plate on North bank of gulch at its junction with the road; this point is the comer of Ponohawai, Kaumana and • Kukuau. Thence along Kaumana North 330.46' East 7.64 chains along present road; North 120.45' East 3.46 chains; North 310.22' East 3.31 chains; [Volume C:52] {forth 150.28' East 7.94 chains; North 520.10' East 10.08 chains still along present road; North 740.40' East 1308 feet leaving road to buried bottle; South 301. East 240 feet of clump of coffee trees; South 720.34' East 20.88 chains to junction of ancient road and auwai; North of large puhala tree; North 450.30' East 29.60 chains to bamboos and gingers at Lua of Kaumana; North 390.40' West 2.27 chains to post in center of present road 440 above Waipahoehoe gulch; North 390.40' West 0.91 chains; South 660.17' West 26.86 chains to large ohia tree; South 67°.07' West kuleana: South 580.00' West 4.44 chains to buried bottle ana bamboos at junction of auwaiss South 41.10' West 2.13 chains to buried bottle on edge of ditch; South 610.17' West 705 feet to bamboos and buried bottle; South 890.48' West 17.41 chains to bamboos from which an orange tree bears: North 620.52' West 118 feet; South 530.50' West 11.40 chains to bamboos and buried bottle; South 310.20' West 3.22 chains; South 480.44' West 9.28 chains to bamboos and buried bottle; South 70°.40' West 5.55 chains; South 790.58' West 4.54 chains; South 430.32' West 3.40 chains to bamboos and buried bottle; South 89°.30' West 2.41 chains; South 78°.57' West 3.02 chains; North 840.58' West 3.69 chains to buried bottle and bamboos; South 760.33' West 886 feet or 13.43 chains at 600 feet passes •kukui tree on which is cut JL 73. North 81°.00' West 5.55 chains; North 440.52' West 207 feet or 3.14 chains, at 150 feet crosses small gulch; North 840.06' West He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponshawai at Hilo 168 (HIPonaha78-051203) 2.14 chains to an old kauhale called [Volume C:531 Kiikii; South 410.24' West 2.72 chains; South 4°.52' west 3.00 chains to edge of small gulch; North 770.37' West 2.46 chains along gulch; South 540.33' west 4.55 chains along stream; South 50.72' East 3.52 chains across stream; South 150.47' West 2.32 chains to ancient road. Thence along road; South 710.02' west 3.70 chains; South 730.52' west 2.62 chains; South 57°.22' west 4.93 chains; South 700.42' West 3.94 chains; still along road; North 81°.15' West 6.28 chains to bamboos on mauka edge of Puakoki gulch; South 52 48' West 2.85 chains along ancient road; South 380.41' West 1.91 chains; South 660.20' West 2.50 chains; South 510.10' West 2.73 chains to bamboos; South 820.12' West 6.48 chains still along ancient road; South 73°.26' West 4.07 chains; South 890.25' West 3.03 chains to bamboos; North 810.30' West 7.61 chains; South 830.52' West 3.87 chains; South 690.05' West 2.70 chains to bamboos; North 860.12' west 2.35 chains; South 57°.24' West 3.20 , chains; South 68°.03' West 4.60 chains to gingers (Hedychium); South 540.55' West 3.17 chains along road; South 47°.35' West 4.52 chains; South 33°.41' West 2.82 chains to gingers; South 440.43' West 2.72 chains; South 280.57' West 4.52 chains; South 530.50' West 3.31 chains to gingers; South 440.00' West 1.37 chains; South 850.10' West 3.03 chains; South 77°.30' West 2.34 chains to gingers and bamboos; North 750.20' West 3.29 chains; North 840.20' West 3.53 chains; North 610.22' West 2.17 chains to bamboos; South 860.00' West 2.79 chains; South 720.42' West 1.64 chains; North 840.35' West 2.09 chains; South 50°.52' West 2.48 chains; South 390.30' West 2.66 chains; South 440.47 West 3.09 chains; South 690.08' West 3.20 chains; North 600.40' West 11.49 chains; North 310.47' West 2.08 chains; North 750.58' West 2.12 chains to gingers; North 870.00' [Volume C:54] West 1.81 chains; North 800.00' West 1.66 chains; South 660.24' West 3.39 chains; South 750.24' West 2:28 chains; South 680.45' West 3.64 chains; South 270.05' West 2.97 chains; South 260.52' West 1.40 chains to gingers; South 10.10' West 1.24 chains; South 28°.22' West 4.35 chains; South • 510.25' West 2.37 chains; South 290.50' West 2.79 chains to gingers; South 600.27' West 1.66 chains; South 460.01' West 3.21 chains; South 230.28' West 1.18 chains; South 56°.32' West 1.00 chains to gingers; South 210.01' West 2.95 chains; South 160.23' West 124 chains; South 46°.23' West 3.03 chains; South 31°.14' West 287 chains to gingers; South66°.55' West 4.18 chains; South 500.35' West 2.17 chains; South 720.38' West_ 3.03 chains; South 63°.20' West 2.58 chains, South of large banana patch; South 640.33' West 2.58 chains to gingers; South 790.36' West 4.55 chains; North 68°.16' West 3.32 chains; North 810.35' West 3.03 chains to gingers; South 75°.20' West 1.70 chains; South 750.20' West 1.70 chains; North 780.05' West 3.21 chains; South 650.38' West 6.21 chains; South 790.06' West 3.58 chains to ginger; South 89°.50' West 1.00 chain; North 540.17' West 1.14 chains; South 730.35' West 5.61 chains; South 510.47' West 4.41 chains to gingers; South 120.52' West 1.23 chains; South 57°.31' West 0.97 chain to top of rise; South 390.09' West 2.91 chains; South 58°.30' West 2.73 chains to gingers; South 240.48' West 2.03 chains; South 48°.51' West 4.58 chains; South 520.03' West 3.29 chains; South 330.30' West 2.79 chains to gingers; South 620.10' West 2.23 chains; South 750.50' West 1.75 chains; South 56°.11' West 1.72 chains; South 700.50' West 2.24 chains to top of ahua; South 510.30' West 1.67 chains; South 430.50' West 1.65 chains to a point 30 feet East of single palm tree at Kapaaua [Kapaana in earlier texts]; South 48°.10' West 1.97 chains; [Volume C:55] South 70°.10' West 2.08 chains; Uhihi begins here, South 280.15' West 4.36 chains; South 660.02' West 1.78 chains; South 680.01' West • He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 169 (HlPonaha78-051203) 2.03 chains; South 510.03' West 5.05 chains to place called Waaloa, on top of rise •50 feet above two large palm trees on side of hill, a spiral groove is cut in one of them; South 390.55' West 9.09 chains; South 490.55' West 3.86 chains to gingers; South 460.10' West 18.18 chains to gingers; South 470.10' West 6.82 chains to gingers; South 570.55' West 2.31 chains; South 590.00' West 1.49 chains; South 540.25' West 3.72 chains to gingers; South 410.05' West 2.24 chains; South 530.35' West 2.36 chains; South 410.25' West 2.24 chains; South 410.05' West 2.24 -chains; South 530.35' West 2.36 chains; South 410.25' West 2.24 chains to gingers; South 440.12' West 7.46 chains; South 440.35' West 2.40 chains to gingers; South 410.28' West 1.52 chains; South 490.32' West 2.28 chains; South 840.50' West 3.11 chains to gingers and Palm tree; North 760.28' West 5.82 chains to gingers; North 480.30' West 1610 feet to gingers, and marked tree at Nahuina. Thence along the top of this land; North 50.15' East 33.20 feet to a point on the lava flow of 1856, that is 300 feet South of a pile of stones on ahua. Thence down along the land of Punahoa 20 in accordance to notes of survey in Royal Patent No. 1950; North 640.00' East 13020 feet North 710.42' East 3925 feet or 59.48 chains to a large koa tree 100 feet from the edge of the lava near the lower end of flow marked H and P, also gingers. This course runs along land of Punahoa 1" from blazed trees at the mauka comer of Punahoa 15'. Thence along boundary; [Volume C:56] of said land; South 780.30' East 1.14 chains; South 150.02' East 3.19 chains; South 240.40' East 1.17 chains; South 470.27' East 2.87 chains; South 540.35' East 1.97 chains; South 320.25' East 3.12 chains to gingers; North 860.55' East 1.17 chains; North 570.28' East 2.02 chains; South •900.00' East 1.37 chains to gingers; South 740.08' East 1.02 chains; South 840.58' East 1.41 chains; North 600.04' East 1.64 chains; North 710.30' East 0.82 chains to gingers; North 50°.00' East 1.26 chains; South 690.53' East 0.81 chains; North 530.07' East 0.97 chains; North 100.30' East 0.94 chains to gingers; North 520.24' East 0.79 chains; South 870.08' East 1.02 chains; North 840.17' East 1.70 chains; North 530.22' East 2.35 chains; North 680.22' East 1.82 chains to gingers; North 400.12' East 2.15 chains; North 770.28' East 1.48 chains; North 580.34' East 1.69 chains; North 880.17' East 1.90 chains; North 700.34' East 1.25 chains; South 810.25' East 2.28 chains to gingers; South 470.25' East 0.96 chains; South 300.28' East 2.63 chains to gingers; South 430.27' East 1.06 chains to gingers; North 810.00' East 3.79 chains to gingers; North 620.12' East 1.70 chains to gingers or near them; North 790.23' East 2.95 chains along foot of Kualapa; North 730.38' East 2.54 chains to gingers; North 670.28' East 3.28 chains to head of small ravine; South 870.02' East 2.08 chains along gulch, the center of which is the boundary between this land and Punahoa 1°S; North 380.47' East 1.11 chains; North 610.32' East 1.44 chains; North 210.48' East 1.22 chains to gingers; North 420.52' East 1.95 chains; North 680.28' East 1.68 chains; North 570.50' East 2.30 chains; North 510.40' East 2.48 chains to gingers; North 880.25' East 1.53 chains; South 320.50' East 1.07 chains [Volume C:571 North 670.32' East 1.22 chains; North 750.20' East 1.14 chains to gingers; North 140.55' East 1.15 chains to Kawa; North 570.32' East 1.85 chains; North 50.35' East 1.14 chains; North 410.23' East 2.91 chains; North 280.27' East 0.61 chains to gingers; North 550.12' East 0.66 chains; North 280.27' East 1.75 chains; North 510.47' East 2.51 chains to gingers; South 810.40' East 1.31 •chains; North 640.34' East 0.92 chains; North 770.35' East 1.75 chains; South 580.09' East 1.32 chains to gingers; North 780.05' East 117 chains; South 480.05' He Wahl Uo`olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 170 (HiPonaha78-051203) East 127 chains; North 740.53' East 5.46 chains to gingers; South 850.12' East 2.97 chains; South 680.38' East 2.55 chains; North 490.05' East 1.90 chains; North 760.50' East 2.84 chains; North 510.57' East 2:25 chains; South 780.50' East 0.77 chains; North 740.28' East 1.52 chains; North 87°.45' East 1.01 chains; North 700.25' East 2.86 chains to mauka edge of Kawa; North 81°.30' East 4.16 chains; South 790.59' East 1.37 chains to P cut in rock 15 feet below and 5 feet above station; South 510.21' East 2.15 chains to P cut on edge of Kawa; South 600.57' East 3.11 chains; South 600.37' East 2.49 chains to P cut in bed of gulch; South 83°.55' East 3.55 chains; North 590.02' East 5.85 chains, to P cut in bed of stream; North 150.28' East 2.55 chains to P cut in bed of stream; North 40°.00' East 5.53 chains to point 30 feet North East of P; South 520.20' East 2.70 chains to P cut in bed of stream; North 650.27' East 165 feet or 2.81 chains to pile of stones south side of stream; North 500.40' East 2.19 chains to P cut in bed of stream; North 770.40' East 2.00 chains to P cut in bed of stream; North 250.04' East 2.72 chains to P cut in bed of stream; North 760.50' East 211 chains to P cut in bed of stream; South 49°.25' East 2.55 chains; North 33°.48' East 1.97 chains to P cut in bed of stream; South 740.40' East 4.09 chains to P cut on rock below hole or kawa; North 650.56' East to P cut on kukui tree [Volume C:581 on South side of stream, 6.52 chains; North 7°.13' East 5.38 chains to P cut in bed .of stream; North 480.38' East 3.03 chains to P cut in bed of stream; North 230.48' East 3.58 chains to P cut in bed of stream; North 660.07' East 2.55 chains to P cut in bed of stream; North 17°.52' East 3.20 chains to P cut in bed of stream; North 250.40' East 3.84 chains to P cut in bed of stream; North 850.00' East 2.61 chains; North 300.50' East 2.95 chains to pile of stones in gulch just below edge of woods; North 220.15' East 8.48 chains to pile of stones; North 790.05' East 45.19 chains to pile of stones; North 700.37' East 30.97 chains to pile of stones and bamboos; North 55°.35' East 60.58 chains to point of commencement and containing an Area of 2890 Acres. Second Piece Commencing at the South East corner of this piece at a buried stone and bottle in the Alanaio small ravine 50 feet or so above the Government road (Volcano street) and running down along Ouluihi's kuleana and the stream, the Eastern edge of which is the boundary between this land and land of Kukuau 2°. North 380.10' East Magnetic 191 feet; North 400.10 East 336 feet, North 10°.00 East 105 feet; North 330.15' East 55 feet across branch of Waiolama stream; North 200.00' East 122 feet to bottles and a buried 4 X 6 redwood post in road on the beach. Thence across the beach, North 16°.12' East 350 feet to seashore. Thence along changeable shore, North 720.45' West 760 feet; South 36°.30' West 383 feet [Volume C:59] to stump of cocoanut tree in road; South 55°.30' West 310 feet along John Nomore's land on Punahoa 1" to Hionaa's kuleana; South 460.40' East 204 feet along mauka edge of swamp; South 600.20' East 210 feet to the North West comer of Perkin's kuleana on Ponohawai. Thence along it in accordance with its survey. South 630.00' East 62 feet; South 420.00' West 40 feet; South 530.30' East 49 feet to Kahalehau's kuleana. Thence North 400.45' East 182 feet along Kahalehau's; South 390.15' East 126 feet; South 250.15' East 127 feet; South 550.20 West 107 feet; South 250.15' West 85 feet; North He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 171 (HlPonaha78-051203) • • • 660.00' West 50 feet; South 360.00' West 63 feet to Volcano Street; South 350.20' East 217 feet to point of commencement and containing an Area of 16.6 Acres. •Third Piece Commencing at the South comer of this lot at an A cut in the bottom of the Alanaio gulch, and running along makai side of B. Pitman's purchase; North 42°.00' West 541 feet to a buried earthen dish at the comer of Maa's lot (J.B. Kaiau's kuleana). Thence along Maa's lot North 430.15' East 264 feet to earthen dish buried on edge of road. Thence including I and the central street; South 380.00' East 262 feet along street to South edge of cross street North 450.00' East 33 feet; South 380.00' East 150 feet to Burke's lot; South 32°.00' West 64 feet along Burke's; South 500.15' East 66 feet to Alanaio gulch. [Volume C:60] Thence along gulch South 301.30' West 2.33 feet to point of commencement and containing an area of 3.11 Acres. Fourth Piece Commencing at a buried stone or block marked P on the lower edge of Jail Street at the South West comer of this lot and running along road; South 390.05 East Mag. 90 feet to buried stone or block, marked P at corner of J. Like's lot; North 320.45' East 160 feet to buried stone marked P on edge of ditch; North 640.15' West 66 feet along ditch, along Puaa's lot; South 410.00' West 130 feet to point of commencement and containing an area of 0.25 (One quarter) of an Acre. Fifth Piece • Held by Hilo Boarding School by grant from Hawaiian Government. Commencing at the North West corner of this lot and running along Punahoa 15`: South 430.00' West 1075 feet or 16.29 chains; South 520.30' West 726 feet or 11.00 chains; South 330.30' East 825 feet or 12.50 chains to B. Pitman's purchase. Thence along said purchase North 470.30' East 1919 feet or 29.08 chains; Thence North 42°.00' West 825 feet or 12.50 chains along makai wall of school premises adjoining Foreign Cemetery &c to point of commencement and containing an area of 34.2 Acres. [Volume C:61] Sixth Piece Commencing at large rock marked + in the stone wall at the South West comer of this lot and running North 420.00' West Mag. 424 feet along Hilo Boarding School Lot; North 480.00' East 322 feet along Makuakane's kuleana; South 31°.45' East 346 feet along Lumaina's kuleana; South 330.15' West 270 feet along Foreign Cemetery to point of commencement; and containing an area of Two and a half (2 1/2) Acres. [note on side states] This is wrong, includes a part of Lumaina's kuleana. F.S.L. As surveyed by John Lydgate R.A. Lyman, Commissioner of Boundaries, 3° J. C... [Volume C:62] • He Wahi Mo'clelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 172 (HiPonaha78-051103) Testimony from the Ahupua`a of Kaumana The Ahupuaa of Kaaumana, • District of Hilo, Island of Hawaii, 3° J.C. ...29ei day September A.D. 1873... Kekai " Swom: Kaiahua a bird catcher (now dead) showed me the boundaries of Kaaumana Waiakea and Piihonua, in the woods. Kapulu is at the mauka comer of Kukuau, and at the junction of Waiakea and Kaaumana. Thence the boundary between Waiakea and Kaaumana runs mauka to Kalapalapanui. an Kaaumana is on the Hilo side of this ridge; thence 'mauka to Kapualei, now covered by the lava flow of 1855. Thence to Kalaeokoieie, lae koa [a section of koa forest extending onto a lava flow] mostly destroyed by the lava flow. Kaaumana ends at the Mawae [fracture], makai of this place, and mauka of the tall woods, at the junction of Piihonua and Waiakea. Thence the boundary of Kaaumana runs makai [Volume B:1] along Piihonua to Kaoili, an old kauhale rhouse sitel now covered by the lava flow; thence makai to Kilohana, now covered by lava; thence to Kaunaunamoa [?]; thence makai to Nahaleoeleele, the mauka comer of Ponohawai. CX'd. See testimony Kukuau 3 to 10; testimony Ponohawai 12 to 19... Testimony Closed • Decision: The boundaries of Kaaumana are decided to be as given in Notes of survey filed by surveyor J.M. Lydgate... [Volume B:2] Certificate of the Boundaries of Kaumana, District of Hilo, Island of Hawaii 3° J. C... Upon the application of F.H. Hams, Attorney at law for J.O. Dominis, Administrator of the Estate of H.H. M. Kekuanaoa... I hereby decide and certify the boundaries of the Ahupuaa of Kaumana ... ... This 5"' day of September 1874. Boundaries of Kaumana Commencing at the North East corner of this land at a point known as Lua o Kaumana, where Hawaiian, bamboos and the foreign yellow ginger have been planted, and running thence along land of Ponohawai [Volume 1 No. 3:69] North 390 40' West 150 feet to post center of present Road 440 feet above Waipahoehce gulch...; ...to a bunch of bamboos on edge of deep "auwaT... ; ...to Kikii...; ...to ancient road...; ...to bamboos on mauka edge of Puakoki gulch:..; [Volume 1 No. 3:70] ...South 630 20' West 170 feet to near large Banana Patch...; [Volume 1 No. 3:71] ...South 430 50' West 109 feet to point near single Palm tree at Kapaaua... ; ...Uluhi begins here...; ...South 510 03' West 333 feet to Waaloa Station on top of rise near 2 large Palm trees on the He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 173 (HiPonaha78-051203) side hill marked by a spiral groove, and gingers...; ...North 480 30' West 1610 feet to gingers and marked ohia at [Volume 1 No. 3:72] head of Ponohawai; Thence... along head of Ponohawai to point on large flow of 1856, 300 feet South of pile of stones on ahua. Thence along land of Punahoa 2° in accordance with •Royal Patent No. 1950 ... ... to head of Punahoa 2°...; ...across head of Punahoa 2°; North 83° 27' West 5230 feet along land of Piihonua to a pile of stones at the mauka West comer of this land. Thence South 80 00' East 640 feet along land of Waiakea; thence makai along land of Kukuau 2° ...; ...to place known as Kawaaoksmoi: thence down an ancient canoe trail...; ...thence leaves old road...; [Volume 1 No. 3:731 ...to Keawekekua gulch; North 71° 16' East 473 feet across gulch; North 640 21' East 186 feet along an ancient trail...; ...South 820 52' East 342 feet at 250 feet to koa tree marked "PIO' standing in the Kapuahilua gulch...; ...to place called Ohia Kiikii; Thence... to place called Maialoa... ; ...to a kauhale and kipuka... ; ...North 280 25' East 175 feet to place called Kaapa...; [Volume 1 No. 3:74] ...to Puaapilau gulch...; ...to Uliuli koa...; ...to Hoopili gulch...; ...North 320 01' East 250 feet to lower edge of woods...; ...to a large ohia post on which is nailed a copper plate near Kekai's house; thence... across gulch to ohia post on which is nailed a copper plate. This post stands on the North side of the gulch at the corner of Kaumana, Kukuau 2 and Ponohawai. Thence down the present wood road...; ...thence leaving the road...; ...to buried bottles on ancient road; South 30° 00' East 240 feet to a clump of coffee trees; South 720 34' East 1378 feet to *unction of ancient road and auwai near a large Puhala tree; North 450 30' East 1963 feet to point of commencement. Containing an area of Two Thousand Nine hundred and Eighty (2980) Acres • more or less. As surveyed by J.M. Lydgate. [Volume 1 No. 3:75] Testimony from the Ahupua`a of Kukuau 2nd The Ahupuaa of Kukuau 2"d District of Hilo, Island of Hawaii, 3id J.C. ...29' day September A.D. 1873... Kekai r Sworn: I have lived on Kaaumana and Ponohawai in the District of Hilo, since the lava flow at Nanawale in 1840; know the land of Kukuau 2° and was told the boundaries by Kalawaianui (brother of Hanaike, now dead), both of these men, Kalawaianui and Hanaike, were kamaaina of the land. Commencing at the seashore, Kukuau 2° is bounded by Ponohawai on the Hilo side. Beginning at Kahoowaiwai's fence on the Hilo side of the house the boundary line runs direct makai across the beach to the water's edge. Returning to the fence; the boundary between these two lands runs mauka to Alanaio; the crossing of the road through the gulch, half of the water in this branch of the Waiolama, is on Kukuau and half on Ponohawai. • He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 174 (HlPonaha78-051203) . Waikane K (now dead) the kamaaina of Ponohawai, told me these boundaries Kukuinuil across the oahoehoe to a kahawai rstream — gulchl on the Hilo side of but spreads out again at Waiola. After passing the spring the boundary is a Tew fathoms from the spring towards Hamakuaa thence mauka to Pohakuoumi, a hau grove where the boundary enters a gulch thence mauka in the gulch to Piilali, a and Kaaumana, commences. Leaving the gulch the boundary runs along said land (the gulch running on Kaaumana), to Kauakahiwai, in the edge of the woods; here the gulch bends around to the boundary but Kukuau does not reach to the gulch. There is an old planted food here and the trees are dead. Thence from Kauakahiwai up the road passing Oliolikoa to Kapuapilau (Kapuaapilaul, an oioina and water hole; thence mauka across said kahawai to Keaweakaihoni, a kulana kauhale kaawili by Waiakea and Kaaumana. I do not know the boundaries between [Volume B:4] Kukuau 1" and Kukuau 2°. Know they do not own any of Hilo bay. CX'd. Puaa K sworn [a Mahele awardee at Ponahawai]: I was born in Kau, have lived in Keaau, Waiakea and Piihonua, moved to Ponohawai in 1845, and resided there since that time; Waikane K. pointed out the boundaries between Kukuau, and Ponohawai to me. He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 175 (H/Ponaha78-051203) • L� • Commencing at the shore, the boundary runs from the Hamakua side of (Kauhema's) Kahoowaiwai's house direct makai to the beach, and edge of tide. is Returning to the house the boundary line runs mauka to a branch of the Waiolama; thence mauka in the center of kahawai (in the water) to Alanaio; thence mauka in the center of the gulch; passing Pohakunui, to Punikii, a cave in the kahawai on the Puna side of Mokulau, an iii aina on Ponohawai; thence up the Puna branch of the kahawai to Waikoloa; thence mauka to Wawahihao, there is a pile of stones at this place, which were put up when Pitman had the land surveyed; thence mauka to Waiola, a spring on Ponohawai, the swamp below the spring is on Kukuau 2°, the boundary leaves the kahawai just before coming to Waiola; thence it turns towards Puna and runs to Pohakuoumi, or Hau o Umi; here it passes into the gulch again and runs mauka to Waipahoehoe, thence along the Puna branch of said gulch to Piilali, the kawa is on Kukuau, and Ponohawai is on the Hilo side of the gulch; thence mauka to Nohoanaokaalu_ a ona.nva, a W01,01 IlUM ulCnce rnauKa to YamaU a Kulana kauhale; thence mauka to Ohiakahalei, an ohia on Kukuau, on the Puna side of the road; thence mauka to KaDuaoilau- a kulana kauhalo anri uM+nr k. i. e.e....,. ..._..,._ ._ ai uu nurana Kaunale manu ano kanawai on Kukuau 2"; This is as far as I have been on the road. [Volume 8:511 do not know where Kukuau 2° ends but that both Kukuau 15r and Kukuau 2° are cut off by Waiakea and Kaaumana. The boundary at the seashore between the lands of Kukuau 1'i and Kukuau 20 is in Mr. Clark's yard, at'the Puna end of his house; thence mauka crossing the • branch of the Waiolama to Paekaha, an X aina, thence to the Hamakua side of Aiko's Yard thence mauka to Mahioee a heiau on the Hamakua side of the bullock Den; thence to Kipi's kuleana... CX'd. Kaluahine K sworn: Fwas born in Puna, moved to Kukuau when Goodrich lived at Waiakea, and have lived here ever since. I know the boundaries of Kukuau 2° below the woods, but not in the woods. The boundary at shore between Kukuau and Ponohawai runs from the beach to the Hamakua end of Kauhema's or Kahoowaiwai's house;- thence mauka to Kaumukii, at the branch of the Waiolama, that runs to Alanaio, the water there all belongs to Ponohawai and the land on the Puna side to Kukuau; thence to Luapilo, the water hole below the Government road, thence mauka [Volume 8:61 along the gulch to Kahapaha, below Kipi's premises. Thence mauka to opposite Pohakunui; thence along the gulch to Waipau; thence to Kawaiiki, thence to Punikii; thence to Koheo, a cave on the Puna branch of the kahawai, - thence to Waikoloa, and thence to Wawahihao, there -leaves the gulch and runs up the Hamakua side of the gulch to a pond of water called Kawauiki; thence to where the road to Kaunaunamoa crosses the gulch; thence the boundary follows up along the gulch to below Waiola; thence mauka on the bank of the kahawai to Waiola, said spring belongs to Kukuau 2°; here the boundary turns towards Kau to mauka of Ainalua; thence up the gulch passing Pohakuoumi, and Kukuiohapu on Ponohawai; thence up to where the Waiapahoehoe gulch empties into the }WWahl WoMlo no Ponahawal me Nilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 176 (HiPbnaha78451203) Papakolea gulch; thence mauka to Papakolea; thence to Piilali 1", a lua wai [water hole] in the gulch thence mauka to Piilali 2d; thence to Kahookelekele 2d; thence to Nohoanakaalu, there Kukuau 2d joins Kaaumana; Thence leaving the gulch and running along the road along the land of Kaaumana to Hoopili; a gulch that runs across both Kukuau 1st and Kukuau 2d and onto Kaaumana; thence mauka to Oliolikoa; thence to Oliolikoa 2d (distance between the two is about as far as from here to Hitchcock's; one quarter of a mile); thence to Kapuapilau, awaawa kahawai [river gulch] with water flowing; thence to Kaapa, thence to worship* thence to Maialoa, a banana grove on Kukuau 2°; thence to Ohiakiikii, a tree with three roots above ground, and all ending in one trunk; said tree is on Kaaumana; thence to Kapuahilua, and thence to Keaweakeakua. This is as far as I know the boundaries, and they were pointed out to me by Waikane (now dead) who used to live on Ponohawai. I have heard that Kukuau runs to Hoaa, a place destroyed by the lava flow of 1852. Do not know what lands cut Kukuau 2d off mauka. The boundary at the seashore between Kukuau 1" and Kukuau 2d is at the high tide mark, at the Waiolama river, taking in the whole of A. Clark's lot, thence to [Volume 8:71 Kapuewai, in the middle of the Waiolama; thence to a small house, on the Hamakua side of the house to Kaumuohina, a large hole where food is planted on Pio's land above Aiko's; thence along Puna side of this hole; thence to Ahupau, a heiau on Kukuau 15i; thence to Waipio, on Kukuau 1", the line passing through Kipi's house; thence to the South East side of Makaliiaina, thence to Kalokoike a mahina aina rcultivatin4 fieldl adjoining Waiakea, part of which belongs to that land and a part to Kukuau; thence mauka to Paelokukui, a fallen kukui tree; thence to Halehaku, two kihapais, the hollow between now grown over with shumac [sumac] is the boundary; thence to Kalenakeakua, a lua. wai in the kahawar, thence to Kahalealewa, at the edge of the gulch; here the • boundary leaves the gulch, and runs mauka to Kamoa a rock with a mark like (a moa) a chicken on it. Thence mauka to Mahipee, an old planting ground, the boundary passing through the Hamakua end of it. A road on the boundary runs from Kahalealewa to Mahipee; thence mauka along the road to Wainahehia at the edge of the woods, two groves of this here; thence boundary running between groves to Kukuikomo, a kukui grove in edge of woods; thence to Kapalaha, and thence to Kapalaha 2d. This is as far as I know this boundary. Waikane, is the one, who pointed them out to me. Bird catchers from Piihonua used to go on these lands. Kamoa and Kaunaunamoa is the same place. Case adjourned until October 2" 1873... [Volume 13:81 Hanaike w sworn: I was bom on Kukuau 2d and have always lived there, and know the boundaries of Kukuau 1 st and Kukuau 2d. My Father, Kaiaeleele (now dead) showed me the boundaries when I went bird catching with him, he was kamaaina of these land[s] and head man under Maiholo. He Wahl Mo'clelo no Ponshawai ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates • A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 177 (HiPonaha7"51203) n U • • The boundary between Ponohawai and Kukuau 21 is in a little cove in the Waiolama river; thence makai passing about two fathoms from the Hamakua end of Kahoowaiwai's house and from thence across the beach to the waters edge. The sea all belongs to Waiakea. Returning to said cove the boundary runs mauka to Alanalo, at the Government road, dividing the stream between the two lands; thence up the center of the kahawai to Pohakunui, a cave on Kukuau 2°; Ponohawai is on the Hamakua side of the gulch and Kukuau 2° on the Puna side; thence up the gulch to Punikii; thence mauka to Waikoloa, a bathing place on Kukuau; the boundary is on the Hamakua side of the pond; thence up the gulch to kukui trees, and thence across the pahoehoe to Kukuinui, where kukui trees are growing on both sides of the valley, thence up the valley or kahawai to makai of a spring called Waiola, said spring is on Kukuau 2° and the boundary runs about as far as from Court house to beach at Kaipalaoa on the Hamakua side of it, all the good land belongs to Kukuau 2° and the pahoehoe to Ponohawai; thence mauka along the pahoehoe (the line running towards Puna). to Pohakuaumi, a hau grove by the gulch on Ponohawai; thence the boundary runs mauka to where the gulch branches; then up the Puna branch, called Papakolea, to Piilali, a kauhale on Kukuau 2°; thence mauka along the gulch to Nohoanaokaalu, on the Hamakua side of the gulch, and Kukuau on the Puna side; This is where Ponohawai leaves Kukuau and Kaaumana joins it; thence mauka along the old road, along Kaaumana to Oliolikoa, at the side of the pati; thence along the road to Palaau; thence to Kapuahilua, a kauhale with water, belonging to Kukuau: thence to Keawekeakua kauhale kaawili manu• thence along the road to Puulepo; thence to Keawekauhoni, a rising ground. I have heard from my Father that Waiakea cuts Kukuau 24 off [Volume B:9] and joins Kaaumana in the woods; he also said that Kukuau extended farther mauka than Keawekaihoni. Hoa is on Waiakea. - The Boundary at shore between Kukuau 161 and Kukuau 2° is at the post where the _scow rope is tied on the Hamakua side of the Waiolama stream, beyond Clark's house; thence mauka through the rushes to Umuoopu, in. the crook of that branch of the Waiolama, that cuts across the land, thence to the kahawai, crossing the stream onto dry land, and thence to the Puna side of Kamakahema's house. Thence the boundary crosses the Government road and runs to the fence, on the Hamakua side of Aiko's lot; thence along the fence to a lua (food patch) passing through said lua and from thence to S. Kipi's premises, passing through the center of the front yard, and on the Hamakua side of the house, and from thence running to Waipio. (The heiau called Ahuoau is makai of Kipi's Yard and Kukuau 10 a few fathoms from the boundary.) From Waipio which is on Kukuau 1s' to Makaliiaina, belonging to Kukuau 2°; thence to the Puna side of Waikoloa, the same bathing place, as mentioned in the boundary between Kukuau 2° and Ponohawai, thence to Wawahihao, an oioina; thence to Kaloikoike,- a mahina koele [panted field worked for the chief], on Kukuau 1'4; thence mauka to kahawai of Waiola, the boundary running along pahoehoe to this place. Thence along the kahawai to Ainaulua (kawa le/e) a lumping off place, bathing place on Kukuau 15; there leave the gulch and run to Kahalanaleoa, a koele on Kukuau I"; thence to Kamoa, thence to Mahipee, He Wahi MoWelo no Ponahawal me Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 178 (HlPonaha78-051203) the boundary runs past these places on the pahoehoe, on the Hamakua side of the good land, thence to Waihinaheihei [sp?]; thence along the old road to Kukuikomo at the edge of the tall woods; thence along the road to Kapalaha; thence to Kuakamakau, kauhale kalaiwaa; thence to Kokihe, a kauhale. This is as far as I know the boundaries; my Father is the only one who showed them to me. Waikane was the kamaaina nui [one most familiar] of these lands and Kekai used to live with him. CX'd. (Volume 6:101 Testimony closed.... Hilo, Hawaii, September e, 1874 Survey filed and accepted by the Agent for both Kukuau 1e1 and Kukuau 2°, Waiakea and Kaaumana. Decision The boundaries of Kukuau 2° are decided to be as given in evidence and Notes of survey. For description, see Certificate of Boundaries No. 52... [Volume 6:11] He Wahi Wolelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 179 (HiPonaha78.051203) is • • CONCLUSION: STORIED LANDSCAPE OF PONAHAWAI AND PUNAHOA The ahupua'a Ponahawai contains some 3,000 acres, and Punahoa 18'& 2n° contain some •12,050 acres. The ahupua'a extend from the sea shore to approximately the 3,000 foot elevation, where they are cut off by the lands of Waiakea and Pi'ihonua. While nearer to Mauna Kea, the lava flows of Mauna Loa, are those which make most of the landscape visible in the Hilo One region. Ponahawai and Punahoa are two of five traditional ahupua'a which make up the region of Hilo One. Both Ponahawai and Punahoa were noted for their natural resources, including—offshore fisheries; fishponds (loko i'a) and estuarine (muliwai) systems (Hauna or Hanauna, being a dune -banked pond shared between Ponahawai and Punahoa); kahawai and punawai (streams and springs); fertile agricultural lands which supported growth of kalo (taro), 'ulu (breadfruit), mai'a (bananas), 'uala (sweet potatoes), and a wide range of other crops; and mountain resources including, birds, plants, and timber. The general practice of residency in the Hilo One region included near shore (kahakal) dwellings from which fisheries. and water could be accessed; and residences extending upland across the kula or flat lands, which allowed easy access to the extensive mahina 'ai and knapai (gardens and planting fields) which were developed over the generations. Further upland coming into the forests and on the mountain slopes, trails, shelters, and houses which were used seasonally for bird catching, canoe making, and other such practices occurred. Generally, each ahupua'a contained one or more trail by which native tenants traveled between the shore lands and uplands. Along these trails have been described—heiau (ceremonial sites); residences and shelters; caves; cultivating fields; and a wide range of other features. Native knowledge ofthis broad landscape—from shore to •mountain ---of which Ponahawai and Punahoa are a part, is demonstrated in the many place names which have been recorded for the ahupua'a and.neighboring lands. Native traditions tell us that Ponahawai was named for a chiefess, the sister of Kukuau. We also learn that in antiquity, the goddess Hina and her daughters who also bore Hina names lived on the lands surrounding the Hala'i and Pu'u Honu hills of Punahoa and Ponahawai. At that time in antiquity, it is reported that the people cultivated the lands above what has now become Hilo Town. In this part of history, we find that the lands of Ponahawai and Punahoa share an affiliation, and it is difficult to know where one stops and the other begins. In the later period of Hawaiian history, as Kamehameha I was emerging in his role as the unifier of a kingdom, the land Ponahawai, is named as one of importance. Following the Mahele 'Aina of 1848, the importance of Ponahawai is suggested once again as the lands placed in a category then known as 'Aina Lei Alii (Crown Land), be retained by Kauikeaouli (Kamehameha Ill). Punahoa, was also a land of significance, and is noted as.the residence of families associated with the Kamehameha line as it was establishing the kingdom. During the Mahele, twenty-seven claims for kuleana in Ponahawai, under twenty-nine Helu were filed before the Commission. Of the total number of claims, four were from foreign residents (including the Hilo Mission Station), and the remainder were native residents. Twenty-two of the claims were awarded. • He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai ma Hilo Kum Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 180 (HiPonaha78-051203) In Punahoa 1" & 2n4, at least seventeen claims for native tenant kuleana were filed. Also, three large claims, two for the Christian Mission Station (taking almost the entire ahupua a of Punahoa 1" & 2nd), and one claim in Punahoa 1" by an aiN awardee (covering a part of the study area), were made and awarded. Four of the native tenant claims, and one claim by a foreign resident were denied. Of the total claims between Punahoa and Ponahawai four of them (L.C.A. 387, 2228, 2281 & 4276) included lands in both Punahoa andW Ponahawai. Almost all of the claimants placed their parcels in the area extending from near the shore to the edge of the slopes just back of Hilo Town. In this zone, the award furthest inland was situated just mauka of the present-day Kapi'olani Street. One claimant, Kukeleau (Helu 4983) was awarded a kuleana in Ponahawai near Ka lua o Kaaumana (now called "Kaumana Caves'), on which one house and some planting fields (klhapal) were located. Another claimant also applied for a parcel situated 'in the uplands of Ponahawai, close to the forest" (Kapuaa, claimant, Helu 4994). Because the piece was not awarded, its. specific location is unknown. At the same time that the Mahele was taking place, the King also allowed Royal Patent Grants to be issued to applicants for land which fell under the Government inventory. While Ponahawai was a Crown land—thus, not generally open to grant applications—one grant was issued to Benjamin Pitman for 354.2 acres in Ponahawai. This grant, No. 252, was issued in 1850, and covered the area extending mauka from the vicinity of the present-day Ululani Street, to Komohana Street, and mauka, as far as the upper Ponahawai boundary of the proposed project area. Pitman was married to chiefess Kino'ole, daughter of Ho'olulu and Halaki, and through her line, he inherited the responsibility of Konohiki (land and resource overseer) in Ponahawai in ca. 1840. As a result of the Mahele and Grant disposition, of lands in Ponahawai and Punahoa 13', the primary source of property within the proposed University Terrace project, comes from two original owner—Benjamin Pitman, by Royal Patent Grant No. 252 in Ponahawai; and Enoka Kahakumakaluia, by Land Commission Award No. 463. One of the significant historical events associated with the Ponahawai-Punahoa uplands, in the vicinity of the present study area occurred in 1881. A lava flow from Mauna Loa traveled to within one mile of Hilo Bay, and governess Ruth Ke'elikolani, a descendant of the Kamehameha line traveled to a place called Pu'u o Kamali'i, an area mauka of Hala'i—by reference to the native account, a place in Ponahawai, or very near the Ponahawai- Punahoa boundary—where she personally asked Pele to spare Hilo from the lava flow. The flow stopped shortly thereafter, and saved the town and fishpond resources of Hilo One from destruction. In Kukuau-Waiakea, one finger of the flow descended makai of the present-day Komohana Street. By the middle 1800s, land use in Ponahawai-Punahoa and the larger Hilo Town vicinity was dramatically changed from its traditional subsistence system. In the late 1830s, the kula lands of Ponahawaithe area extending mauka from the present-day Ululani Street to HAla'i--had been planted with sugar cane, and by 1840, '30 tons' of sugar had been produced from the young Ponahawai fields. Sugar continued to be planted in Ponahawai through the 1800s, extending further mauka, towards Kaumana. By the early 1900s, lands of Ponahawai and upper Punahoa were part of a plantation system that extended across most of East Hawai'i. As a result of the plantation development, much of the landscape Ponahawai and Punahoa, including the present study area, was significantly altered. He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawal at Hilo 181 (HiPonaha78-051203) Though altered, the storied landscape of Ponahawai, Punahoa, and the Hala'i Hills is still one of importance. Care in development, and acknowledgement of the history of the land— perpetuation of place names and sharing the history of the land with those who come to call Ponahawai and Punahoa home—will help to ensure that some part of what makes this land • unique will be handed down through the generations. U •E malama i ka '3ina a malama ka 'dina is 'oel He Wahl Mo'clelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 182 (HiPonaha78-051203) REFERENCES CITED ACHP (Advisory Council on Historic Preservation) 1985 Guidelines for Consideration of Traditional Cultural Values in Historic Preservation Review. Draft Report. Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. • Washington, D,C. Barrer6, D.B. 1994 The Kings MAhele. (Privately published manuscript) (Report Title) Beckwith, M. 1970 Hawaiian Mythology. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Bingham, M. 1969 A Residence of Twenty-one Years in the Sandwich Islands. Hartfort. Buke Mahele 1848 Buke Kakau Paa no ka mahele aina i hooholoia iwaena o Kamehameha 3 a me Na Lfi a me Na Konohiki ana Hale AN Honolulu. lanuad 1848. (Ke Kope 1864). Coan, Titus 1882 Life in Hawaii. New York: Anon Randolf & Co. Dampier, R. 1971 To the Sandwich Island on H.M.S. Blonde. The University of Hawaii Press. Ellis, Wm. 1963 Journal of William Ellis. Advertiser Publishing Co., Ltd. Honolulu, Hawaii. • Fitzpatrick, G.L 1986 The Early Mapping of Hawaii. Honolulu: Editions Limited. Fornander, A. 1916- Fomander Collection of Hawaiian Antiquities and Folklore. 1919 (9 vols.). Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press. 1969 An Account of the Polynesian Race: Its Origin and Migrations. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Co, Inc. Handy, E.S.C., E.G. Handy and M. K. Pukul 1972 Native Planters in Old Hawaii. B.P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 233. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1'i, J.P. 1973 Fragments of Hawaiian History. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press. Indices of Awards 1929 Indices of Awards Made by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. (Copy in Hawaii State Archives) He Wahl Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates • A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 183 (HlPonaha78-051203) Jensen,P.M. 1991 Archaeological Inventory Study, Komohana Golf Course. Lands of Ponahawai and Punahoa 1-2, South Hilo District, Island of Hawaii (TMK3-2-3-44:09). Report 998-021091 PHRI. Prepared for KTA Consulting Group, Hilo, Hawai'i. • Kamakau, S. 1961 Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii. Honolulu: The Kamehameha Schools Press. 1964 Ka Poe Kahiko: The People of Old. B.P. Bishop Museum Special Bulletin 51. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1976 The Works of the People of Old, Na hana a ka Poe Kahiko. B.P. Bishop Museum Special Publication 61. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1991 Tales and Traditions of the People of,Old. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press. Kame'eleihiwa, L. 1992 Native Land, and Foreign Desires. Bishop Museum Press. Kingdom of Hawaii 1850 Kanawai Hoopai Karaima no ko Hawaii Pae Aina. (Penal Code) Lyman, Sarah J., et al. 1992 The Lymanss-of Hilo. A Fascinating Account of Life in 19'" Century Hawaii. Lyman House Memorial Museum. Hilo, Hawaii _ Malo, D. 1951 Hawaiian Antiquities. B.P. Bishop Museum Special Publication 2. -B.P. Bishop • Museum Press, Honolulu. (2nd edition) (translated by Emerson, N.) Maly, K. 1997 Historical Documentary Research. IN Limited Archaeological Inventory Survey, Proposed Housing Facility, Hawaii Community Correctional Center, by A.T. Walker, K. Maly, and P.H. Rosendahl, pp. 6-14. Report 1736-012897, PHRI. Submitted to Belt Collins Hawaii, Honolulu. Maly, Kepa (translator) Ms, Kaao Hooniva Puuwai no Ka-Miki (The Heart Stirring Story of Ka-Miki). Native traditions of people and places of the island of Hawai'i. J. Wise and J.W.H.I. Kihe, in the Hawaiian Newspaper Ka Hoku o Hawaii; January 8, 1914 - December 6, 1917. McEldowney, H. 1979 Archaeological and Historical Literature Search and Research Design: Lava Flow Control Study, Hilo, Hawai'i. BPBM Report, Honolulu. OEQC (Office of Environmental Quality Control, State of Hawal'i) 1997 Guidelines for Assessing Cultural Impacts. Adopted by the Environmental Council; November 17, 1997. Pukui, Mary K. is 1983 '01elo No'eau: Hawaiian Proverbs & Poetical Sayings. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu. He Wahl Mo'oleto no Ponahawal ma Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview of Ponahawai at Hilo 184 (HiPonaha78-051203) Pukui, M.K., and A.L. Kom 1973 The Echo of Our Song. Chants and Poems of the Hawaiians. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii. Pukui, M.K., S. Elbert, and E. Mookini • 1974 Place Names of Hawaii. Honolulu: University.of Hawaii Press. State of Hawai'i Ms. Files cited in text from the collections of the: Hawai'i State Archives Department of Land and Natural Resources — Bureau of Conveyances Department of Land and Natural Resources — State Survey Division Stewart, C.S. 1970 Journal of a Residence in the Sandwich Islands During the Years 1823. 1824 and 1825.... University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. Stokes, J.F.G., and T. Dye 1991 Heiau of the Island of Hawai'i; A Historic Survey of Native Hawaiian Temple Sites. BPBM, Honolulu. Tatar, E. 1982 Nineteenth Century Hawaiian Chant.. Pacific Anthropological Records No. 33, B.P. Bishop Mus. Honolulu. Westervelt, W.D. 1987 Myths and Legends of Hawaii. Mutual Publishing, Wilkes, C. • 1845 Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition During the Years 1838-1842, Under the Command of C. Wilkes, U.S.N. Vol. 4. Philadelphia: Loa and Blanchard. Wolforth, T.R. 1999 Data Recovery for the Housing Facility at the Hawai'i Community Correctional Center: Investigation into the Network of Ditches in the Hala'i Region of North Hilo. Land of Pi'ihonua, South Hilo District, Island of Hawaii. Report 1741- 092999 PHRI. Prepared for Architects Hawai'i Ltd. Honolulu, Hawai'i. • He Wahi Mo'olelo no Ponahawai me Hilo Kumu Pono Associates A Historical Overview ofPonahawal at Hilo 185 (HlPonaha78-051203) APPENDIX F 0 BOTANICAL SURVEY TMK 2-3-44:19 AND 53 PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS OF POTENTIAL WETLANDS AT PONAHAWAI, HILO, ISLAND OF HAWAII Geometrician Associates, LLC 1�1 0 BOTANICAL SURVEY TMK 2-3-44:19 and 53 By Ron Terry, Ph.D. and Layne Yoshida, B.A. Geometrician Associates, LLC April 2003 Introduction This report describes the results of a botanical survey of an approximately 180 -acre property in Hilo that is planned for development. The propert; is bordered by the Mohouli Extension, Komohana Street, Sunrise Estates, Kaumana Gardens, and various other properties, as indicated in figures in the document to which this report is an appendix. Purpose and Methodology 0 The objectives of the survey were to 1) describe the vegetation; 2) list all species encountered; and 3) identify threatened or endangered plant species. The area was surveyed on foot by Layne Yoshida and Ron Terry on several days in March 2003. Observation took place on transects that covered all vegetation types on the property. Approximately 50 percent of the property was intensively and directly surveyed; the • remainder was observed from a distance of no more than 50m from transects. Species were identified in the field and, as necessary, collected and keyed out in the laboratory. Special attention was given to the possible presence of any federally (USFWS 2000) listed endangered plant or animal species. Vegetational Influences The property includes samples of some of the oldest and youngest Mauna Loa geology present in the Hilo area. Cinder cones older than 10,000 years are present in the northeast corner near the intersection of Komohana and Ponahawai Streets. Surrounding the cones is an area of deep, weathered Pahala ash with similar or slightly younger dates. These areas provide rich soil that is suitable for crops such as sugar cane (Saccharum ofricinarum). Three separate lava flows take up the remainder. One dates from 3-5,000 years BP and the second from 750-1000 years BP. The earlier flow is fairly well - weathered with pockets of soil in depressions, and the latter flow is locally weathered, with many rock outcrops. Although not as suitable for agriculture as ash -based soils, such areas are often used for pasture and tree crops. Finally, the 1881 lava flow covers a portion of the southern part of the property. This terrain is basically unweathered and is not suitable for agriculture without extensive site work. 0 The original vegetation of the general area was lowland rainforest, per Gagne and Cuddihy (1990), consisting of a closed canopy forest of 'ohi'a (Metrosideros polymorpha) and perhaps koa (Acacia koa), and a diverse array of canopy and understory shrubs, herbs, vines and ferns, including hapu'u (Cibotium sp.), uluhe (Dicranopteris Wnaris), and neneleau (Rhus sandwichensis). However, this area has a long history of ing during both traditional Hawaiian times and the past two centuries. A summary of Hilo land use history reported that early Western visitors remarked on the forest line that appeared uniformly about four or five miles inland from the coast (McEldowney 1979:22). The areas makai of the forest line were converted by slash -and -burn early in prehistory into cropland and grassland. For many centuries, much of the inland portions of Hilo was covered in gardens of taro (Colocasia esculenta) that were associated with residences: The gardens were often outlined by windbreaks of sugar cane, banana (Musa spp.), and wauke (barkcloth) (Brousonettia papyrifera). Interspersed with settlements were mixed groves of trees with economic uses — such as kukui (Aleurites molluccana), hala (Pandanus odoratissimus), coconut (Cocos nucifera), ulu (Artocarpus altilis), 'ohi'a 'ai (Syzygium malaccense), milo (Thespesia populnea) and hau (Hibiscus tiliaceus). Platforms or mounds of rock were constructed to promote the growth of gourds, ti (Cordyline fruticosa) and noni (Morinda citrifolia)plants. Based on the adequate -to -good soil and the evidence of irrigation provided by still -extant auwai (irrigation ditches), the property was no exception to this general land use pattern in Hilo. The 1881 lava flow "reset the clock" for both geology and vegetation in the areas it covered. Land that formerly supported gardens and groves of economic trees returned to the primal state dominated by 'ohi'a and uluhe. eistorical times, sugar cane cultivation, grazing, a homestead -type farm, and agricultural processing all appear to have taken place on the property. However, there appears to have been little active farming over most of the property for several decades. The current vegetation reflects a very dynamic secondary succession involving a multitude of alien trees, shrubs, vines, grasses and herbs. Although environmental factors such as soil type, soil moisture and slope aspect are important influences (with the 1881 lava flow the best example), stochastic processes are also important determinants of the rapidly evolving vegetation. The many differences in the property's current vegetation and flora with that documented as recently as 13 years ago (Gerrish 1990) illustrate this dynamism. Results: Vegetation A botanical survey conducted for the property (including a portion mauka of the then - unbuilt Mohouli Extension, not included in the current study area) in 1990 (Gerrish) found three basic vegetation types: Type 1: 1881 Lava Flow: Dominated by 'ohi'a and uluhe, this type was the only native plant community. A number of aliens, including Christmasberry (Schinus • terebinthifolius), waiawi (Psidium cattleianum), broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus), melastoma (Melastoma candidum), octopus tree (Schej)`lera aclinophylla), and melochia (Melochia umbellata), had invaded, in places heavily. Type 2: Open grasslands with scattered trees and thickets of aliens, associated • with the presence of the next most recent lava flow. At that time it appeared to be lightly grazed by horses and cattle. Gunpowder tree (Trema orientalis), Alexander palms (Archontophoenix alexandrae), melochia, African tulip tree (Spathodea campanulata), guava (Psidium guajava), and waiawi dominated the tree and shrub layer. Dense patches of California grass (Brachiaria mutica) and wainaku grass (Panicum repens) were also common. Some `ohi`a and uluhe were found as well. Patches of standing water were present in places. Type 3: Deep soil, lush, highly diverse mixture of species found in Type 2 and many more. Albizia (Albizia moluccana — or Paraserianthes falcataria), banyan (Ficus microcarpa), bamboo (Bambusa sp.) and sugarcane were prominent. The results of the 2003 survey confirm the basic vegetation types described by Gerrish (1990). The apparent cessation of grazing along with more than a decade of rapid tree growth have transformed the Gerrish's Type 2 and Type 3 zones considerably. It is recognized that any categorization is somewhat arbitrary, and furthermore, subject to rapid change as the weedy vegetation continues to undergo its somewhat unpredictable succession However, based on the current -vegetation, we recognize seven basic vegetation types: Vegetation Type 1: Essentially the same as Gerrish's Type 1, this is associated with 1881 lava flow. It is dominated by short to medium stature 'ohi'a trees with an understory dominated by the uluhe fern. The same alien trees described by Gerrish are present and are becoming more widespread. In the understory, alien grasses such as broomsedge and molasses grass (Melinis minutijlora) are present. Vegetation Type 2: This vegetation type is dominated by large Albizia moluccana that form a closed canopy forest. The understory is a mixture of patches of thimbleberry (Rubus rosifolius), the melastome (Pterolepis glomerata), warabi fern (Diplazium esculentum), and California grass. The fringe or margins of this forest type is dominated by California grass. This vegetation_ type is found on and near the cinder cones mauka of Komohana Street near the northwest end of the __property. • Vegetation Type 3: There are several areas within and near the areas covered by Vegetation Type 2 that are covered densely by stands of a short ornamental bamboo. Little other understory growth is present. Vegetation Type 4: An area between Liko Lehua Street and the Mohouli • Extension is covered by a dense stand of Alexander palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae). The stand of palms forms a closed canopy forest with very little understory growth. 0 Vegetation Type 5: Several stands of rose apple (Syzygium jambos ) appear to be associated with low areas where water intermittently flows. The Syzygium form a dense canopy cover and the understory is poorly developed. Vegetation type 6: Numerous stands of waiawi (Psidium cattleianum) are scattered throughout the property; as with Types 3-5, this plant dominates the canopy layer and the understory is poorly developed Vegetation type 7: Numerous open, grassy areas are scattered throughout the site: California grass, Wainaku grass, and broomsedge are the dominant plants_, depending on location. Results: Flora *plant species found during the survey are listed in Table 1. Results: Threatened and Endangered Species and Critical Habitat No rare; threatened or endangered plant species as listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service are present on the parcel, nor are there unique or valuable wildlife habitats. No existing or proposed federally designated critical habitat is present on the property. The history of continuous disturbance coupled with the lowland context indicates that the property has little value in terms of conserving native species. No impact on native plant species or habitat is expected to result from human activity -on the site. Other Botanical Issues: No systematic determination for the presence or absence of wetlands was performed as part of the botanical survey. However, based on the authors' experience with jsdictional wetlands, wetlands are likely present on the property, mostly in association $h small lakes and ponds that were reportedly created by the filling in of former quarries. Wetlands may also be present in drainages that are tributary to the Alenaio Stream Channel, as plants that are fairly strong indicators of wetlands (e.g., the alien primrose willow, or Ludwigia octovalis) were found. Table 1 Plant SnPrirc nhcnrvn.l Scientific Name Family mmon Name .Life Form Status* DICOTS Thunber is fragrans Acanthaceae White Thunber is Vine A Alternanthera sessihs Amaranthaceac Sessile Joyweed Herb A Man i era indica Anacardiaceae Mango Tree A Rhus sandwicensis Anacardiaceae Neneleau Tree/Shrub I Schinus terebinthi olius Anacardiaceae Christmas Berry Tree/ Shrub A Cenlella asiatica A iaceae Asiatic Penn ort Herb A Sche era actino h /la Araliaceae Octo us Tree Tree A Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae Ageratum Herb A Bidens pilosa Asteraceae Beggar's Tick Herb A Con a bonariensis Asteraceae Hairy Horseweed Herb A Emilia coccinea Asteraceae Flora's Paintbrush Herb A Emilia sonchi olia Asteraceae Flora's Paintbrush Herb A Erecthhes hieraci olid Asteraceae Fireweed Herb A Ga/ipso a parviflora Asteraceae Galinso a Herb A P/uchea s m h ti olid Asteraceae Sourbush Shrub A Sonchus oleraceus Asteraceae Pualele Herb A S nedrella nodi ora Asteraceae Nodeweed Herb A Wedelia trilobata Asteraceae Wedelia Herb A Youngiajaponica Asteraceae Oriental Hawksbeard Herb A Impatiens wallerana Balsaminaceae I atiens Herb A Begonia s . Be oniaceae Begonia Herb A S athodea cam anu/ata Bignoniaceae African Tulip Tree A Buddleia asiatica Buddleiaceae Buddleia Shrub A Hippobroma lon i ora Cam anulaceae Star -of -Bethlehem Herb A "Sambucus mexicana Ca rifoliaceae Mexican Elder Shrub . A Drymaria cordata Caryophyllaceae Pi ili Herb A Silene gallica Caryophyllaceac Catchfly Herb A Clusia rosea Clusiaceae - Automph Tree Tree A Terminalia m riocar a Combretaceae Jhalna Tree A Convolvulus arvensis Convolvulaceae Field Bindweed Vine A Ipomoea alba Convolvulaceae Moon Flower Vine A Merremia afEEtia. Concolvulaceae Merremia Vine 1(?) Kalanchoe pinnata Crassulaceae Air Plant Herb A Styphefto tameiameiae E acridaceae Pukiawe Shrub I Chamaes ce hirta Eu horbiaceae Sure Herb A Chamaes ce prostrala Eu horbiaceae Sure Herb A Codiaeum varie atum Euhporbiaceae Croton Shrub A Macaran a mappa Euphorbiaceae Bin abin Tree/ Shrub A Ph llanthus debilis Eu horbiaceae Niruri Herb A Acacia con usa Fabaceae Formosa Koa Tree A Albizia moluccano Fabaceae Albizzia Tree A Chamaecrista nictitans Fabaceae Partridge Pea Herb A Crotalaria pallida Fabaceae Smooth Rattlepod Herb A Crotalaria micans Fabaceae Rattlepod Herb A Crotolaria retusa Fabaceae Rattlepod Shrub A Desmodium ca'ani olium I Fabaceae ??? Shrub/ Herb A Desmodium incanum I Fabaceae Spanish Clover Herb A • A = anen, C = endemic, i = mdrgenous, End = Federal and State listed Endangered Species (none) • Table 1, (cont'd) Plant Species Observed on Site Desmodium sandwicense c Fabaceae Spanish clover Herb A Dsmodium tri orum Fabaceae ??? Herb A moss pudica Fabaceae Sleeping ass Herb A nna s . Fabaceae ??? Shrub A Erodium cicutarium Geraniaceae Pin Clover Herb A Hyptis pectinata Lamiaceae Comb Hyptis Shrub A Prunella vulgaris Lamiaceae Prunella Herb A Persea americana Lauraceae Alligator Pear Tree A Cu hea cartha enensis Ly1hraceae Tarweed Herb A Hibiscus furcellatus Malvaceae Akiohala Shrub I Hibiscus s . Malvaceae Hibiscus/ Cultivar Shrub A Sida rhombi folia Malvaceae Ilima Herb A Sida spinosa Malvaceae Prickly Sida Herb A Clidemia hrita Melastomataceae Koster's Curse Herb A Dissotis rotundi olio Melasto,nataceae Dissotis Herb A Melastoma candidum Melastomataceae Melastoma Shrub A Pterole is glomerata Melastomataceae Pterole is Herb A Rrtocarpus hetero h Ilus Moraceae Jack -Fruit Tree A Cecro is peltata Moraceae Trumpet Tree Tree A Ficus microcar a Moraceae Chinese Banyan Tree A Morus alba Moraceae White Mulberry Tree A M rico Geri era Myricaceae Wax Myrtle Tree A isia elliptica Myrsinaceae Shoebutton Ardisia Tree A 41L*calyptus citriodora Myrtaceae Lemon Scented Eucalyptus Tree A Eucaly prus de lu to Myrtaceae Painted Gum Tree A Melaleuca uin uenervia Myrtaceae Paperbark Tree A Metrosideros of mor ha Myrtaceae Ohia Tree I Psidium cattleianum M ceae Waiawi ula ula Tree A Psidium gujava Myrtaceae Guava Tree A Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Myrtaceae Downy Rose Myrtle Shrub A syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Java Plum Tree A Syzygiumjambos Myrtaceae Rose Apple Tree A Ludwi is octovalvis Ona aceae Primrose Willow Herb A Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae Yellow Wood -sorrel Herb A Oxalis corymbosa Oxalidaceae Pink Wood-sorrcl Herb I A Passi ora eduhs Passifloraceae Lilikoi Vine A Passi ora oetida Passifloraceae Love -in -a -mist Vine A Planta o lanceolata Plantago major Planta inaceae Planta inaceae Narrow -leaved Plantain Common Plantain Herb Herb A A Eriobot a a onica Rosaceae Lo uat Tree A us rosi olius Rosaceae . Thimblebe- try Herb A TUffea aribica Paederia scandens Castille'a arvensis A -..I: __ r-__�_... Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Scro hulariaceae Coffee Maile Pilau Indian Paintbrush Shrub Vine Herb A A A �:. — uuumm, r = magcnous, trio = Yederal and State listed Endangered Species (none) Table 1, (cont'd) Plant Species Observed on Site A = alien, E = endemic, I = indigenous, End = Federal and State listed Endangered Species (none) � I • Torenia asiatica Scro hulariaceae Olaa Beauty Herb A Melochia umbellate Sterculiaceae Melochia Tree A Waltheria indica Sterculiaceae Uhaloa Shrub I Trema orientalis Ulmaceae Gun wder Tree Tree A Citharexylum caudatum Vcrbenaceae Fiddleood Tree A Lantana camara Verbenaceae I Lantana I Shrub I A Stachytarpheta amaiensis Verbenaceae Stachytarpheta Shrub A MONOCOTS Cord line ruticosa A avaceae Ki Shrub A Dracena s . q avaceae Money Tree Shrub A Colocasia esculents Araceae Kalo Herb A Die enbachia s . Araceae Dumb Cane Shrub A Monstera s . Araceae Monstera Shrub A Philodendrons . Araceae Philodendron Vine A Scinda sus aureus Araceae Taro Vine Vine A S n onium c..auritum— Araceae Syngonium Vine A Archontophoenix alexandrae . Arecaceae Alexandra Palm Tree A Cocos nuciera Arecaceae Coconut Ptychosperma macarlhurii Arccaceae Macarthur Palm Tree A Commelina diffusa Commelinaceae Honohono Herb A C ecus hal an Cyperaceae Sedge Herb A creus polystachyos Cyperaceae Sedge Herb I Scleria tesiacea Cyperaceae Scleria Herb I Heliconia SP. Musaceae Heliconia Herb A Heliconia s . Musaceae Heliconia Herb A Musa s . Musaceae Banana Shrub A Arundina graminifolia Orchidaceae Bamboo Orchid Herb A E idendrum s . Orchidaceae E idendrum Herb A Spathoglottis plicata Orchidaceac Phillipine Ground Orchid Herb A AndropojZon vir inicus Poaceae Broomsed a Herb A Bambusa s . Poaceae Bamboo Shrub A Bambusa s . Poaceae Bamboo Shrub/ Tree A Bambusa sp.. Poaceae Bamboo Shrubfrree A Brachiaria mutica Poaceae California Grass Herb A Coix lac ma- obi Poaceae Job's Tears Herb A C nodon datylon Poaceae Bermuda Grass Herb A Di itaria violascens Poaceae Smooth Crabgrass Herb A Melinis minuti ora Poaceae Molasses Grass Herb A O lismenus hirtel/us Poaceae Basket Grass Herb A Panicum maximum Poaceae Guinea Grass Herb A Panicum re ens Poaceae Wainaku Grass Herb A Pas alum conk alum Poaceae Hilo Grass Herb A Pas alum urvillei Poaceae Vasey Grass Herb A A = alien, E = endemic, I = indigenous, End = Federal and State listed Endangered Species (none) � I • Table 1, (cont'd) Plant Snecies Observed on Site A = auen, r = enaenuc, i = indigenous, End = Federal and State listed Endangered Species (none) Note: As an area mauka of the Mohouli Extension was surveyed simultaneously with the subject property without attempting to differentiate the location of species, the geographic distribution of some species in this table may not include the subject property. Literature Cited Gagne, W., and L. Cuddihy. 1990. "Vegetation," pp. 45-114 in W.L. Wagner, D.R. Herbst, and S.H. Sohmer, eds., Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. 2 vols. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Gerrish, G. 1990. Botanical Survey, Komohana: TMK 2-3-44:09. McEldowney, H. 1979 -Archaeological and Historical Literature Search and Research Design, Lava Flow Control Study, Hilo, Hawaii. Prep. For U.S. Army Engineer Division, Pacific Ocean, Honolulu, HI. Honolulu: Bishop Museum. &al, M.C. 1965. In Gardens of Hawaii. B.P. Bishop Museum Special Publication 50. Honolulu: Bishop Museum. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2000. Threatened and endangered plants in Hawaii. Washington: GPO. 11rennisetum eurpureum Poaceae Napier Grass Herb A Rh nchel Crum re ens Poaceae Natal Redtop Herb A Saccharum o rcinarum Poaceae Sugarcane Herb A Sacciole is indica Poaceae Glenwood Grass Herb A Setaria palmifolia Poaceae Palmgrass Herb I A S orobolus diander Poaceae I Indian Aro seed Herb A Themeda villosa Poaceae Lyon's Grass Herb A Hed chium coronarium Zin iberaceae White Ginger Herb A FERNS AND FERN ALLIES L co odiella cernua L co odiaceae Wawae'iole Herb I Di lazium esculentum Athyriaceae Paco Shrub A Blechnum a endiculatum Blechnaceae Blechnum Herb A Dicrano teris linearis Gleicheniaceae Uluhe Vine I Ne hrole is exaltata Ne prole idaceae Sword Fern Herb I Le isorus thunber ianus Polypodiaceae Pleo eltis Herb I Phelbodium aureum Polypodiaceae Laua'e Haole Herb A Ph matosorus gros5us Polypodiaceae Maile Scented Fern Herb A rogramma lomelanos Pteridaceae SilverF_em Herb A Lygodium japonicum Schizaeaceae Japanese Climbing Fern 1 Vine A Christella dentato Thelypteridaccae Downy Wood Fern Herb A A = auen, r = enaenuc, i = indigenous, End = Federal and State listed Endangered Species (none) Note: As an area mauka of the Mohouli Extension was surveyed simultaneously with the subject property without attempting to differentiate the location of species, the geographic distribution of some species in this table may not include the subject property. Literature Cited Gagne, W., and L. Cuddihy. 1990. "Vegetation," pp. 45-114 in W.L. Wagner, D.R. Herbst, and S.H. Sohmer, eds., Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. 2 vols. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Gerrish, G. 1990. Botanical Survey, Komohana: TMK 2-3-44:09. McEldowney, H. 1979 -Archaeological and Historical Literature Search and Research Design, Lava Flow Control Study, Hilo, Hawaii. Prep. For U.S. Army Engineer Division, Pacific Ocean, Honolulu, HI. Honolulu: Bishop Museum. &al, M.C. 1965. In Gardens of Hawaii. B.P. Bishop Museum Special Publication 50. Honolulu: Bishop Museum. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2000. Threatened and endangered plants in Hawaii. Washington: GPO. Preliminary Investigation of Potential Wetlands at Ponahawai , Hilo by Ron Terry, Ph.D, Geometrician Associates.' • INTRODUCTION The purpose of this report is to provide information concerning the potential distribution of wetlands on an approximately 180 -acre property planned for development in the ahupua'a of Ponahawai and Punahoa, Hilo (Fig. 1). The property is bordered by the Mohouli Extension, Komohana Street, Sunrise Estates, Kaumana Gardens, and various other properties, and includes TMKs 2-3-44:19 and 53. DEFINITION AND LEGAL CONTEXT OF WETLANDS Wetlands under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACOE) as Waters of the United States are defined by the presence of specific indicators related to hydrology, vegetation and soils. Paraphrasing from the Wetlands Delineation Manual (USACOE 1987:13- 14), hydrologically, a wetlands is inundated either permanently or periodically during the growing season of the prevalent vegetation. Wetlands vegetation is characterized by a prevalence of hydrophytic vegetation, i.e., plants typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands soils are saturated, flooded or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions that favor the growth and regeneration of hydrophytic vegetation. -A// three criteria must be present for a site to be defined as a wetlands. • The State of Hawai' i contains certain very valuable wetlands, with rich assemblages of native plants and habitat for native animals. In particular, scenic coastal wetlands support a variety of native and migratory birds, and bogs at the summits of mountains throughout the chain have unique native plants. Some wetlands have clear and substantial utility in tempering floods and removing sediment and other contaminants. Other wetland areas, particularly those partially created by human activity and dominated by aliens, may have a more restricted range of beneficial values. If a project involves the discharge of dredged or fill material into the Waters of the U.S., including wetlands, the USACOE must review the action under the authority of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344). Only if certain conditions are met may a permit be obtained and the action be allowed to proceed. The process includes detailed study. public notice, and interagency review. Mitigation conditions that protect and/or replace wetlands are often imposed. • ' i gratefully ac)nowledge the skillful assistance of Yusuf Tamimi, Ph.D., who performed the soil sampling and analysis, and Christian Rygh, B.A who helped with sampling and mapping. DESIGNATED WETLANDS ON THE PROPERTY According to project managers and planners, no wetlands have been officially designated on the property during previous due diligence or environmental assessment studies. The U.S. Fish and life Service's National Wetlands Inventory maps series, which was consulted in its digital in the State of Hawai' i GIS system, does not depict any wetlands within one mile of the site. DISTRIBUTION OF WETLANDS INDICATORS ON THE PROPERTY Hydrology: The property includes part of the stream channel of the Alenaio Stream, which begins as the Kaluiiki and Waipahoehoe Branches approximately I 1 miles southwest of the Hilo coastline. These two branches converge above Chong's Bridge at elevation 800 ft. above sea level, below which the stream is called Waipahoehoe. After crossing under Chong's Bridge. the stream becomes "undefined" in the areas covered by the 1881 and other recent pahoehoe lava flows. According to geologists, this is because the surface water percolates into these young lavas and is transported laterally in subsurface flow. The stream disappears so completely that it is not mapped on USGS topographic maps. Substantial amounts of surface flow over this area occur only during heavy and sustained rainfall of at least 5 inches per 12 hours. A defined stream does not again emerge until the elevation of Komoharia Street, where the name Alenaio Stream is used (U.S. Department of the Army 1982). Surrounding Alenaio Stream is a designated Zone AE Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) in the County of Hawai'i's Flood Insurance Rate Maps (Fig. 2). Zone AE areas are SFHA's subject to indundation by the 100 -year flood determined in a Flood Insurance Study by detailed methods. Base flood elevations are shown within this zone. Son the property is a separate Zone A (similar to Zone AE, but without detailed study) SFHA ciated with a tributary to Alenaio. In addition to these streams there is also a small pond on the property that appears to be man-made. Each -of these water features has at least some potential to contain wetlands. Despite the apparent detail of the mapped flood zones, in reality the complex topography, geology and dense vegetation make hydrologic understanding of the area difficult. Vegetation: The original vegetation of the general area was lowland rainforest, per Gagne and Cuddihy (1990), consisting of a closed canopy forest of 'ohi`a (Metrosideros polymorpha) and perhaps koa (Acacia koa), and a diverse array of canopy and understory shrubs, herbs, vines and ferns, including hapu`u (Ciborium sp.), uluhe (Dicranopteris linearis), and neneleau (Rhus sandrvichensis). However, this area has a long history of farming during both traditional Hawaiian times and the past two centuries, and the vegetation is almost entirely alien except for on the 1881 lava flow. Botanical investigations of the property (Gerrish 1990, Terry and Yoshida 2003) indicate that there is a prevalence of hydrophytic vegetation throughout substantial areas of the property. Very widespread plants include the Facultative Wet species California grass (Brachiaria mutica), the Facultative Wet+ sedge Cyperus halpans, and the Facultative+ Hilo grass (Paspalum conjugaium).' The Obligate Wetlands species primrose willow (Ludwigia 0 By definition, Obligate wetland plants occur almost always (>99t:) r natural conditions in wetlands; Facultative Wetland plants usually (estimated probability 67-994) occur in wetlands, but are occasionally found Preliminary Investigation of Potential Wetlands at Ponahawai , Hilo Page 2 octovalvis. or kamole, a Polynesian introduction) is also fairly widespread in open areas. However, it should be noted that areas with a prevalence of these species are common in Hilo. with its average annual rainfall of nearly 130 inches, even on well -drained, highly -sloped sites lacking wetlands soils. Hydrophytic vegetation may not be a good overall diagnostic of wetlands conditions in such areas. • Soils: The property includes samples of some of the oldest and youngest Mauna Loa geology present in the Hilo area. Cinder cones older than 10.000 years are present in the northeast comer near the intersection of Komohana and Ponahawai Streets. Surrounding the cones is an area of deep, weathered Pahala ash with similar or slightly younger dates. These areas provide rich soil suitable for crops such as sugar cane. Three separate lava flows take up the remainder. One dates from 3-5.000 BP (years before present) and the second from 750-1,000 BP. The earlier flow is fairly well -weathered with pockets of soil in depressions, and the latter flow is locally weathered, with many rock outcrops. Although not as suitable for agriculture as ash -based soils, such areas are often used for pasture and tree crops. Finally, the 1881 lava flow covers a portion of the southern part of the property. This terrain is basically unweathered and is not suitable for agriculture without extensive site work The mapped soil types on the property include Hilo silty clay loam, 0-10% slopes (a Typic Hydrandept, a type of Latosol) on the area covered by Pahala Ash. and Keaukaha extremely rocky muck (Lithic Tropofolist, a type of Lithosol) in the more recent lava flows of the other areas of the property (Sato et al 1973). These soil groups are not those typically associated with wetlands (USACOE 1987:135), although soil may vary greatly within a mapped type. Given the difficulty of determining the hydrology in geologically young areas without well- • developed drainage networks, as well as the unreliability of hydrophytic vegetation as an indicator of wetlands in Hilo, it is hypothesized that soil could provide the best diagnostic indicator of either wetlands conditions or the lack thereof at specific sites. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Based on similar experience delineating wetlands under COE supervision in the Hilo area (Terry 2002), a full wetlands determination and delineation as specified in the Wetlands Delineation Manual for the Ponahawai property would likely be a substantial undertaking. The purpose of this study is provide preliminary information on whether hydric soils appear to be present in those parts of the property with the most hydrophytic vegetation and at least some possibility of periodic inundation. Focusing in such "worst-case" areas can help establish whether wetlands are likely to widespread on the property, and can provide guidance on the scale of effort that might be required for a full wetlands delineation and determination. in non -wetlands; Facultative plants are equally likely to occur in wetlands or • non -wetlands (estimated probability 34-66%). within a category, "+" or indicates a greater or lesser tendency to be found in wetlands (USACOE 1987:18). Preliminary Investigation of Potential Wetlands at Ponahawai. Hilo Page 3 • METHODOLOGY This preliminary study involved investigations at several site types. In moist basins near the Alenaio Stream channel that have hydrophytic vegetation but no indisputable hydrological wetlands indicators. Su:Tounding a pond near which hydrophytic vegetation is present and a local water table clearly exists. The area planned for the most intense development, just mauka of Ponahawai Street. Figure 1 shows the sites. At each site type, several sample points were selected. The samples were not random but instead were selected to be represent typical low-lying micro -sites with hydrophytic vegetation. In a sense, these were "worst-case" samples that could indicate whether wetlands soil was present in the "wettest" looking areas. Sampling took place on May 27 and May 29, 2003, when weather had been dry for several days. Month -to -date rainfall in Hilo had been 4.65" (compared to the average of 6.97") and year-to-date rainfall 27.03" (as compared to the average of 52.36"). . All sample sites were photographed (typical sites are shown in Fig. 3), flagged and their latitude and longitude reckoned by Global Position System (GPS) and recorded for ease of relocating, verification and sample duplication (Table 1). • At each sample site, researchers cleared an approximately 4'x 4' area of vegetation and dug a 1' x 1' soil pit to a depth of 18 inches (or less, as dictated by bedrock). The soil profile was studied in the pit to determine horizons, other layers, water tables, water content, and other variables. Several of the samples showed obvious signs of being hydric and soil pits were not prepared. For all other samples, researchers collected representative soil samples from 6 -inch depth layers (i.e., 0-6"; 6-12"; 12-18") as appropriate for laboratory analysis. The presence or absence of the following criteria from the. Wetlands Delineation Manual were noted. • • Organic soil (greater than 50% organic soil material by volume) • Histic epipedon Sulfidic material • Aquic or peraquic moisture regime • Reducing soil conditions Wetlands soil color (either gley, bright mottles and/or low matrix chroma) • Iron and manganese concretions If any of these criteria were present, the soil was considered hydric and the soils criteria for wetlands was satisfied. Table I presents the hydric soil finding for all samples, and also includes a list of the dominant plant species for each site. Preliminary Investigation of Potential Wetlands at Ponahawai , Hilo Page 4 Table 1 Sample Site Locations and Results Site/ Lat-Long Dominant Species (2) Hydric Soil/ Sample (19*N Indicator (1) 155*W) A-1 42.584/05.965 Cal. grass, Ageratum conyzoides, Desmodium NONE incanum,. Koster's curse, comb hyptis, sensitive plant A-2 42.588/05.970 Cal, grass, Ageratum, Desmodium, palmgrass SULFIDIC A-3 42.597/05.998 Cal. grass, Desmodium , thimbleberry NONE A-4• 42.627/06.017 Cal. grass, LudwiQia octovalvis, thimbleberry NONE B-1 42.677/06.019 Wedelia trilobata SULFIDIC B-2 42.682/06'A I I CWerus halpans, Palmgrass SULFIDIC B-3 42.712/05.989 Cal. grass, LudwiQia, sensitive plant, Pycreus NONE polysiachus C -I 42.717/05.952 Hilo grass, palmgrass NONE C-2 42.808/05.868 Cal. Grass, warabi fem, Wedelia, honohono NONE C-3 42.822/05.&77 Warabi, Cal. Grass, Wedelia, NONE C-4 42.791/05.866 Warabi, ban an, banana, rose apple, pilau maile NONE • Notes: (1) Sample Sites: A=Alenaio stream channel side -basins ; B=pond area; C=open area near Ponahawai St. (1) Dominant species include consideration of trees, saplings, shrubs, herbs and vines. Trees were present • in only a few plots, although they did shade sites. Plant species that indicate wetland vegetation if comprising.50 percent or more of the dominants are noted in underline. If one species was overwhelmingly dominant, itis bolded. Plant is identified by common name if widely used. In subsequent entries of plants with scientific name given, second part of binomial is excluded. Scientific Names: Banana- Musa spp; Banyan - Ficus microcarpa; Comb hyptis - Hyptis pectinate; Hilo grass - Paspalum conjugatum Honohono - Commelina dlffusa; Koster's curse - Clidemia hiria; Palm grass - Setaria palmifolia; Pilau maile - Poederia scandens; Rose apple - Syzygium jambos; Sensitive plant - Mimosa pudica; Thimbleberry - Rubus rosifolius. Warabi fern - Diplazium esculentum. DISCUSSION Hydric soil was found at only three of the eleven sample sites. The hydric determination of each was based on the obvious factor of highly sulfidic smell, but other indicators such as saturated water conditions and reducing soil chemistry conditions were also apparent. The vegetation at sample site A2 would be considered hydrophytic, as the two most prominent of four species were plants associated with wetlands. The dominant vegetation at Bl, the pond bank, consisted of just one upland species (Wedelia trilobata). This was probably an anomaly, as the plant did not appear to be rooted in the wetlands soil but simply formed a mat over it. At B2 the vegetation would definitely be classified as hydrophytic, as it was dominated by only one species, the Facultative Wet wetlands species Cyperus halpans. is Preliminary Investigation of Potential Wetlands at Ponahawai , Hilo Page 5 However, as indicated by the dominant vegetation column in the table (in which Obligate, Facultative Wet. and Facultative wetland species are underlined), the vegetation at most of the sample sites was moderately hydrophytic. This is particularly true when considering the non - hydric soil sample sites at which there was a single "dominant" dominant, which in each case aCalifornia grass, which is Facultative Wet. Nevertheless, the soils at such sites were well - Mined, deep brown and showed good aggregation, and were decidedly not wetlands soils. A monoculture of Cyperus halpan appears to hold promise as a good indicator of wetlands soil, although this and similar sedges are also found on roadside shoulders where road runoff and soil compaction provide extra soil moisture but no true wetlands soils. On the other hand, California grass dominance does not appear to signify wetlands, even when it contains scattered Ludwigia ociovalvis, an listed obligate wetland plant. In general, the prevalence of "wetlands" indicator species at any given site on this property is not a reliable indicator of wetlands. Instead, it is probably related to the constant high rainfall in an open canopy forest where evaporation is somewhat reduced and humidity and soil moisture remain high except during the most prolonged droughts. Occasional episodes of very high rainfall and subsequent over -bank flooding and sheet -flow lead to short -duration ponding, but these factors do not tend to develop wetlands soils in this area. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS It should first be noted -that sampling covered only -a small portion of the property and may not be � pletely representative of conditions in all areas. However, as the sample distribution was d at areas of hydrophytic vegetation and was informed by a thorough familiarity of the property gained through a four-day botanical reconnaissance, the general conclusions may be fairly reliable. Although the systematic evaluation of hydrology and vegetation necessary to provide a conclusive wetlands determination was not conducted, it is likely that at least a few small pockets of wetlands are be present on the property. Based on the restricted distribution of wetlands soils sampled at various low-lying spots that contained a prevalence of hydrophytic vegetation, it would appear that wetlands are not large or widely distributed on the property. The most likely area to find them would be within or directly adjacent to the main channels of the Alenaio Stream and immediately surrounding the pond. Other low areas, despite the prevalence of California grass and Ludwigia ociovalvis, are unlikely to contain wetlands. Monocultures of the sedge. Cyperus halpan, are probably good indicators of wetlands soils. In terms of future work, there is one large pond and several other smaller "pothole" water features scattered on the property. Other than these, the most important factor is the Alenaio Stream. In order to streamline wetlands determination and delineation for the property, the channels that comprise the stream should be precisely mapped, either separately or as part of detailed topographic survey. Once the precise locations of the channels are known, the rather ted area of small wetlands directly adjacent to these channels can be efficiently delineated Preliminary Investigation o/'Potential Wetlands at Ponahawai , Hilo Page 6 A Section 404 permit could then be sought if these areas required fill. More likely, the areas could be restricted from development. Most, and perhaps even all, of these wetland pockets may be within the currently identified Special Flood Hazard Area as well, meaning that their presence • would result in little net loss of developable property. Ideally, stream channel wetlands could form an interesting and environmentally useful part of the open space for the development. REFERENCES Gerrish, G. 1990. Botanical Survey, Komohana: TMK 2-3-44:09. Sato, H.H. et al. 1973. Soil Survey of Island of Hawai 'i, State of Hawaii. Washington: U.S.D.A. Soil Conservation Service. Terry, Ron. 2002. `Innovative Wetlands Mitigation in Hawai'i." Land and Water 46(1):60-63 Terry, R. and Yoshida, L.. 2003. Botanical Survey TMK 2-3-44:19 and 53. Prep. for Kimura International. U.S. Department of the Army. 1982. Harbors and Rivers in Hawaii. Alenaio Stream... Interim Survey Report and Environmental Impact Statement. Ft. Shaffer, HI: U.S. Army Engineer District, Honolulu. U.S. Department of the Army (Army Corps of Engineers [USACOE]. 1987. Corps of Engineers • Wetlands Delineation Manual. Prep. By Environmental Laboratory, Department of the Army, Vicksburg, MS. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1988: National List of Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: Hawaii (Region H). Biological Report 88 (26.13) U.S. Dept. of the Interior. University of Hawaii at Manoa, Dept. of Geography. 1983. Atlas of Hawaii. 2nd ed. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Wagner, W.L., D.R. Herbst, and S.H. Sohmer. 1990. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. 2 vols. B.P. Bishop Museum Spec. Pub. 83. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Wolfe, E.W., and J. Moms. 1996. Geologic Map of the Island of Hawaii. USGS Misc Investigations Series Map i -2524-A. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey. • Preliminary Investigation of Potential Wetlands at Ponahawai , Hilo Page 7 Mit FEW Figure 2 • Streams and Floodplains ONE VE rPtO n+� NOM i .....,\ E\Y�.u�o� YGm Nh^• .nniY.1E ARE. 01 • •.w.[I.rr• y„Yi EO1N IO.YwIIOn - _ .{iO + YYM MRrr IN EA ZONEX _'rr .i ��I) •� m Y J I ZO EVE YYpr�4rn E ✓✓' I � X ° + a b f f • ..pQ!;���.. S NE re . ZONE♦ ter__ _",.,� ZONE% ZaV • N ai N )" ri._ •4- ' ti ,1��-•+�,, ZONE16, •ZONE @ ':R ZONE AE s`�AE L' ZONE X SNE®t• �i S ZONE .Y �• ~ y - w 20N[ X a. SONONE E\' o _ ulnM % R pp�EZ[Yt� AS � J 4 zlru•TVT [a' ZDNE k •S � t ZZ1E � i O ° in ' •� ONE ZONE AlE Zd%EI<- y,:, • ' J „ ,y ZONE PZONE 4°«.. .lk a ' rs° .�✓e. �d' !e} il �__� RE »r t. ONE AE tw+� ZONE%20NE4-ii wnn •�S"f4O% `a ZONEAE rq n[lw•ErY•r f�' �Y.y �' s v� �r ` ONE % y ZONE % E % •�< �� ° ' FR ZA ONE .K 4 ♦.rw co b,l ZONE ZONE ' i 'Gd ,• "' ..e _ 11 --�za. d• • �:- L •��i II rl I'. Il iii. f xOrNYF a r n [ r. 20%iE I't f4 1I' t LONE AN ZONE % �1p • • .f '` '� I�I b LONE 1 IIIIFF�FFF 1 II � � G1 O t ZONE AE �. U L•. L�� q h �' SCALE IN NILOMMS O2000 W00 1'.0=4i +b • Y. wlr•w,.ry III �+ �I 67 +.°ZONE AN 9 $cut IN ctrl n U Figure 3 - Photo Figures 3c -d • 3c. Possible Wetlands near Pond Edge, Site B2 • 3d. Soil Pit, Site B2, Showing Mucky Texture, Color Change Figure 3 - Photo Figures 3a -b 3a. Soil Pit in California Grass, Site I 3b. Soil Pit at Site A3 • J J • Figure 3 - Photo Figures 3e -f • 3e. California Grass/Warabi Fern Vegetation at Site C2 • 3f. Soil Pit in Warabi Fern at Site C4 n U APPENDIX G A SURVEY OF AVIAN AND TERRESTRIAL MAMMALIAN SPECIES OF THE PONAHAWAI MIXED USE PLANNED COMMUNITY SITE, SOUTH HILO DISTRICT, HAWAII Geometrician Associates, LLC A Survey of Avian and Terrestrial Mammalian Species of the Ponahawai Mixed Use Planned Community Site, South Hilo District, Hawaii. Prepared by: Reginald E. David Rana Productions, Ltd. • P.O. Box 1371 Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96745 Prepared for: Kimura International, Inc. 1600 Kapiolani Blvd. Suite 1610 Honolulu, Hawaii 96814 June 2003 • Ponahawai Planned Community -Faunal Surrey - 2001 - 1 Table of Contents • Table of Contents............................................................................................2 Introduction.................................................................................................... 3 General Site Description.................................................................................4 Mammalian Survey Methods...........................................................................5 AvianSurvey Methods....................................................................................5 Mammalian Survey Results.............................................................................5 AvianSurvey Results.......................................................................................6 Discussion....................................................................................................... 6 Reccomendations..........................................................................................10 LiteratureCited.............................................................................................I 1 Figures & Tables Figure 1. Site and Avian Count Stations Map.................................................4 Table 1. Avian Species Detected During Station Counts on the Ponahawai Site...................................................................................................7 • Ponahawai Planned Community TaiuW Survey - 2001 . 2 Introduction This report summarizes the findings of a three day ornithological and mammalian survey • of a 179 t acre site on which it is proposed that a planed mixed use community be developed. The site is bound to the southwest by the Mohouli Extension Street, and to the northeast by Komohana Street (Figure 1). As currently envisioned the development will consist of a mix of some 600 single and multi -family residences, 150 transient accommodations (small hotel), and 35,000 square feet of retail space. Fieldwork was conducted between June 19th and 2151, 2003. The primary purpose of the survey was to determine if there were any federally listed endangered, threatened, proposed, or candidate avian or mammalian species on, or in the immediate vicinity of, the proposed project site. In addition, we were asked to assess the probability of any use of the site by listed species, given the habitat present on the property. Avian phylogenetic order and nomenclature follows The American Ornithologists' Union Checklist of North American Birds 7hh Edition (American Ornithologists' Union 1998), and the 42"d and 43rd supplement to Check -list of North American Birds (American Omithologists' Union 2000, 2002). Mammal scientific names follow Mammals in Hawaii (Tomich 1986). Plant names follow Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i (Wagner et al. 1990). Place names follow Place Names of Hawaii (Pukui et al. 1974). • General Site Description The project site encompasses approximately 179 acres located in the Ponahawai ahupua'a, South Hilo District, Island of Hawaii. The area surveyed slopes gently from southwest to northeast, from an elevation of — 400 feet above mean sea level (ASL), down to — 240 feet ASL (USGS 1995). The site is bound to the southwest by the Mohouli Extension Street, and to the northeast by Komohana Street (Figure 1). The terrain within the project site is composed of a mix of pahoehoe and a`a lava flows formed by Mauna Loa. The northeastern third of the side is covered with Pahala Ash deposited during the Pleistocene Epoch overlaying much older flows. There are two older cinder cones formed over 10,000 years ago on the northeastern corner of the site immediately adjacent to Komohana Street. One of these is named Pu`u Hono, the other is not named (USGS 1995). A portion of the Pahala Ash deposits on the south and southwest of the site have been overlain by lava flows formed during the late Holocene Epoch, dating back some 1100 years. There is one small tongue of lava formed by the 1881 Mauna Loa flow overlaying a portion of this flow on the southern boundary of the site. (USGS 1995; Wolfe and Morris 1996). The vegetation on the site clearly shows signs that it has repeatedly been altered by the • hand of humans. The majority of the of the site is covered with alien (i.e., introduced to Porahawai Ra nhed Commhmity -Faunal Survey — 2001 - 3 FIGURE 1. PONAHAWAI STUDY SITE Study Site Boundary f—+— Transects and Bird Count Stations SCALE N 1000 0 1000. 2000. 3000 4000 Feet Ponohawai Planned Comrtwnity -Faunal Survey- 2001 - 4 Hawai'i by humans), plant species, though there is a section on the northeast corner where the ground cover is mainly made up of is a mix of uluhe (Dicranopteris linearis), and hapu'u (Cibotium glaucum), there are also several loulu palm (Pritchardia sp?) groves • scattered across the site. Uluhe is considered to be indigenous (i.e., native to Hawaii, but also found elsewhere naturally), and hapu'u, and loulu endemic (i.e., native and unique to Hawai'i) species. The bulk of the site is vegetated with an eclectic mix of alien trees, shrubs including, but not limited to the following species; strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum), common guava (Psidium guajava), Christmasberry (Schinus terebinthifolius), octopus tree (SchefJlera actinophylla), African tulip (Spathodea campanulata), rose -apple (Syzygium jambos), moluccan albizia (Paraserianthes falcataria), rose myrtle (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), and numerous alien weedy and grass species, including Clidemia (Clidemia hirta), sugar cane (Saccharum ofcinarum), and thimbleberry (Rubus rosifolius). Vegetation was very dense, with free movement possible only along the numerous pig trails, river beds, and along several tracks apparently cut by surveyors, archaeologists, and possibly others. Mammalian Survey Method All observations of mammalian species were of an incidental nature. With the exception of the endemic endangered Hawaiian hoary bat, or 'ope'ape'a, as it is known in Hawaiian, all terrestrial mammals currently found on the island of Hawaii are alien species. Most are ubiquitous; no trapping program was proposed or undertaken to quantify the use of • the study site by alien mammalian species. The survey of mammals was limited to visual and auditory detection, and by searching for animal tracks and sign. Additionally, visual scans were made for bats on the evenings of the 19th and 20th, and for two hours each on the mornings of the 20th, and 215` of June 2003. Avian Survey Methods Fifteen count stations were established along two parallel linear transects within the project site (Figure 1). Eight -minute variable circular plot counts were made at each station (Reynolds et al. 1980). Counts were conducted once at each station. Field observations were made with the aid of Leitz 10 X 42 binoculars and by listening for vocalizations. Counts were concentrated during the early morning hours, traditionally the peak of daily bird activity. An additional two hours were spent on site on the evenings of the 190' and 20th, and two hours in the early morning of the 20th, and 215` of June 2003, in an attempt to detect nocturnally flying seabirds and owls overflying the area. Time not spent counting stations was used to search the site and the surrounding area for species and habitats not detected during count sessions. • Ponehawai Ple med Corte wu y -Faunal Survey — 2001 - 5 Mammalian Survey Results Wee mammalian species were detected on site. Numerous domestic dogs (Canis f. iliaris) were heard barking from subdivisions located to the north and west of the site, and both dog and cat (Fells catus) sign and scat were encountered within the site. A total of nine pigs (Sus scrofa) were seen during this survey, six on the 200' and three on the 21'. There are numerous pig trails, wallows, beds and other disturbance throughout the site. In the more densely vegetated parts of the site pig trails afford the only means of traversing these areas. All of mammalian species detected are deleterious to native ecosystems, and the endemic avian and plant species which inhabit them. The endangered Hawaiian hoary bat was not detected. Avian Survey Results Eight avian species, representing six separate families were recorded during station counts (Table 1). All species recorded are alien to Hawaii. No species listed as endangered, threatened,.proposed, or as a candidate for listing under either the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) or the State of Hawaii `s endangered species programs was recorded within the proposed project site (DLNR 1998; Federal Register 1999x, 1999b, 2001, 2002). Wvtan diversity and densities were low. One species, Japanese White -eye (Zosterops onicus) accounted for 501/6 of the total number of all birds recorded during station counts. An average of 29 birds were recorded per station count. Discussion A one-time survey can not provide a total picture of the wildlife utilizing any given area. Certain species will not be detected for one reason or another. Seasonal variations in populations coupled with seasonal usage and availability of resources will cause different usage patterns throughout a year or, in fact, over a number of years. The findings of the mammalian survey are consistent with the results of other surveys conducted within the lowland areas of South Hilo within the recent past (David 1996, 1998 a, 1998 b, 1998 c, 2001 a, 2001c). Although no Hawaiian hoary bats were recorded during the course of the survey, it is likely that bats do use resources within the site. Bats are regularly seen in and around Hilo, as well as along the coastline from Puna to North Hilo (David 1992, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 a, 1998 b, 1998 c, 1999 a, 1999 b, 2000, 2001 a, 2001 c, Cooper and David 1995, Menard 2001). like nocturnally flying seabirds, which often collide with man-made structures, bats are quely adapted to avoid collision with obstacles, man-made and natural. They navigate Ponahawal Planned Community -Faunal Survey -2001- 6 and locate their prey using ultrasonic echolocation, which is sensitive enough to allow them to locate and capture small volent insects at night. Although no rodents were detected during the course of this survey, it is likely that roof rats (Rattus r. rattus), Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), European house mice (Mus domesticus) and possibly Polynesian rats (Rattus exulans hawaiiensis) use various resources found within the project site. Without conducting a trapping program, it is difficult to assess the population densities of these often hard -to -see mammals. Table I Avian Species Detected During Station Counts Ponahawai Development Site Common Name Scientific Name ST RA 11 PIGEONS & DOVES - Columbidae Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis A 2.33 Zebra Dove Geopelia striata A 2.67 BABBLERS — Timahidae • Hwamei Garrulax canorus A 4.33 Red -billed Leiothrix Leiothrix lutea A 0.27 SILVEREYES — Zosteropidae Japanese White -Eye Zosterops japonicus A 14.13 STARLINGS — Stumidae Common Myna Acridotheres tristis A 0.40 CARDULINE FINCHES & ALLIES — Fringillidae House Finch Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis A 0.73 SALTATORS, CARDINALS & ALLIES — Cardinalidae Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis A 3.67 KEY TO TABLE I ST Status A Alien (i.e., introduced to the Hawaiian Islands by humans) Species RA Relative Abundance = number of bids detected divided by number of stations counted (15) The findings of the avian survey are consistent with the findings of other recent surveys conducted within the lowland areas of South Hilo (David 1996, 1998a, 1998b, 1998c, • 2001a, 2001b, 2001c). The eight alien avian species detected during station counts are Ponahawai Planed Community -Faunal Survey -2001 - 7 species that one would expect to record within disturbed, alien species dominated, lowland areas in the South Hilo District. *is also possible that small numbers of the endangered endemic Hawaiian Petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis)', or ua'u, and the threatened Newell's Shearwater (Pufnus auricularis newelli), or 'a'o, overfly the project site between the months of May and October (Banko 1980a, 1980b, Day et al. 2003, Harrison 1990). Hawaiian Petrels were formerly common on the Island of Hawaii (Wilson and Evans 1890-1899). This pelagic seabird reportedly nested in large numbers on the slopes of Mauna Loa and in the saddle area between Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea (Henshaw 1902), as well as at the mid to high elevations of Mount Hualalai. It has, within recent historic times, been reduced to relict breeding colonies located at high elevations on Mauna Loa and, possibly, Mount Hualalai (Banko 1980a, Banko et al. 2001, Cooper and David 1995, Cooper et al. 1995, David, Unpublished Field Notes 1986-1995, 1999, Harrison 1990, Hue et al. 2001). Newell's Shearwaters were formerly common on the Island of Hawaii (Wilson and Evans 1890-1899). This species breeds on Kauai, Hawaii and Molokai in extremely small numbers. Newell's Shearwater populations have dropped precipitously since the 1880s (Banko 1980b, Day and Cooper, in press). This pelagic species nests high in the mountains in burrows excavated under thick vegetation, especially uluhe fem. There are numerous records of this species having been seen, heard, or collected in and close to to (Banko 1980a, Conant 1980, David, pers. obs., Day et al. 2003, Kepler et al. 1979, ) The primary cause of mortality in both these species is thought to be predation by alien mammalian species at the nesting colonies (Ainley et al. 2001, Cooper and Day 1995, 1998, Day and Cooper 1997, Hue et al. 2001). Collision with utility structures is considered to be the second most significant cause of mortality of these seabird species in Hawaii. Nocturnally flying seabirds, especially fledglings on their way to sea in the summer and fall, can become disoriented by exterior lighting. When disoriented, seabirds often collide with manmade structures, and if they are not killed outright, the dazed or injured birds are easy targets of opportunity for feral mammals (Ainley et al. 1995, 1997, 2001, Cooper and Day 1995, 1998, Day and Cooper 1997). There is no habitat within the site suitable as nesting habitat for either of these listed seabird species. The principal potential impact that development of the project site poses to Hawaiian Petrels and Newell's Shearwaters is the increased threat that birds will be downed after The Hawaiian endemic endangered sub -species of the Dark-rumped Petrel (Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis) has been elevated to a full species, based on the differences in vocalizations, and morphology between it, and the nominate Galapagos species (Pterodroma p. phaeopygia). The new common and nufic names for the Hawaii breeding species are Hawaiian Petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis) (American ethological Union 2002) Ponahawai Planned Gomm w ily -Faunal Surrey - 2001 - 8 becoming disoriented by exterior lighting that may be required in conjunction with the planned development. Although not detected during this survey it is likely that the endangered Hawaiian Hawk • (Buteo solitarius) forages over portions of the site, at least occasionally: The habitat is not ideal for this species as the vegetation is extremely dense with verylittle open grassy areas — habitat more suitable to this species foraging techniques. This species is readily seen in and around Hilo (David 1996, 1998b, 2001 a, 2001 b, 2002a, Klaviter 2000). The Hawaiian Hawk, or Vo as it is known locally, is the only extant falconiform in Hawaii. It is currently endemic to the island of Hawaii. Sub -fossil remains indicate that it was also formerly found on Molokai, and Kauai (Olson & James 1982, 1991, 1997). Several incidental unconfirmed sightings of this species exist from Kauai (Dole 1879, Beaglehole, 1980) and Maui (Banko 1980c). This species was first mentioned in the western literature by Cook and King in 1784, and was scientifically described by Peale in 1848, from a specimen collected in "Kealakekua" (Medway 1981, Peale 1848). The Hawaiian Hawk was first listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in 1967 (Federal Register 1967). The USFWS published a proposal to down - list the species from endangered to threatened in 1993 (Federal Register 1993), and without down -listing the species retracted their 1993 proposal in 1994 (Federal Register 1994). Currently it is listed as an endangered species under both the federal and State of • Hawai`i's endangered species programs (DLNR 1998, Federal Register 1999a, 1999b, 2001,2002). Hawaiian Hawks are found in nearly all vegetation habitats that still have some large tree components. Densities are highest in mature native species dominated forests with grassy understories. This habitat with high amounts of forest edge supports large populations of game birds, and the four species of introduced rodents known from the island; it also provides numerous perches and nesting sites (Klavitter 2000). Much of this habitat has been created by logging, land clearing and cattle grazing. It appears that Hawaiian Hawks can coexist with, and may have in fact benefited from anthropogenic land clearing activities — this is not to say that more clearing is going to result in more hawks, but does indicate that the species can coexist with anthropogenic natural resource extraction and, or clearing activities, as long as natural resource management plans ensure the continued recruitment of native trees and the regeneration of native species dominated forests. Current population estimates based on John Klavitter's research, extrapolates that there are currently 1,457 Hawaiian Hawks, which in his estimation is equal to, or higher than what was present in pre -contact times (Klavitter 2000). Hawaiian Hawks, like many other Hawaiian endemic avian species have low mortality • PonahawaiPlanned Community -Faunal Survey —2001- 9 < 9%, and reproductive rates; lay only one egg per season, fledge one chick and live — 20 years (Klavitter 2000). Hawaiian Hawks breeding season starts in late March, chicks &ch in May, and begin fledging in July (Griffin et al. 1998). Although hawks use ources in most forest habitats, they usually pick 'ohPa trees in which to nest. Of 112 nests found during the 1998, and 1999 nesting seasons, 82% of the nests were located in `ohi'a trees (Klavitter 2000). The principal potential impact that development of the project site poses to Hawaiian Hawks, is if hawks build a nest in one of the trees on the site, and it is necessary to fell the tree during the course of development. Given that large `ohi'a trees are the usual nesting trees selected by Hawaiian Hawks, this scenario is unlikely, though still possible. Recommendations: 1. To reduce the potential for interactions between nocturnally flying Hawaiian Petrels and Newell's Shearwaters with external lights and man-made structures, it is recommended that any external lighting planned within the proposed development be shielded (Reed et al. 1985). This mitigation would serve the dual purpose of minimizing the threat of disorientation and downing of Hawaiian Petrels, and Newell's Shearwaters, while at the same time complying with the County of Hawai`i's current planning policy which recommends the shielding of • exterior lights, so as to lower the ambient glare caused by unshielded lighting to the astronomical observatories located on Mauna Kea. 2. To ensure that the clearing of vegetation on the site will not impact nesting Hawaiian Hawks, an audio playback survey should be conducted immediately prior to initiating clearing activities. Protocols for undertaking this type of survey have recently been developed and implemented at several locations on the Island of Hawaii (David 2001b, 2002a, 2002b, Klavitter 2000). Ideally these surveys should be conducted in either late January - February, prior to the onset of the nesting season, or during June -July when the adults will have chicks in the nest, hawks tend to be most responsive to playbacks prior to egg laying and again when they have a chick in the nest, and less so when they are incubating an egg (Klavitter, 2000). • Ponahawai Planned Conununity -Faunal Survey -2001- 10 Literature Cited: Ainley, D. G, R. Podolsky, L. Deforest, G. Spencer, and N. Nur. 1995. Kauai endangered • seabird study. Volume 2: The ecology of Dark-rumped Petrels and Newell's Shearwaters. Final Report TR -105847-V2, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, by PRBO Stinson Beach, CA. 1997. New Insights into the Status of the Hawaiian Petrel on Kauai. Colonial Waterbirds, 20 (1): 24-30 . 2001. The Status and Population Trends of the Newell's Shearwater on Kaua'i: Insights from Modeling, in: Scott, J. M, S. Conant, and C. Van Riper III (editors) Evolution, Ecology, Conservation, and Management of Hawaiian Birds: A Vanishing Avifauna. Studies in Avian Biology No. 22: Cooper's Ornithological Society, Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas. (Pg. 108-123) American Ornithologist's Union. 1998. Check -list of North American Birds. 7th edition. AOU. Washington D.C. 829pp. 2000. Forty-second supplement to the American Ornithologist's Union Check -list of North American Birds. Auk 117:847-858 . 2002. Forty-second supplement to the American Ornithologist's Union Check -list of North American Birds. Auk 119:897-906 Banko, W. E. 1980a. Population Histories- Species Accounts Seabirds: Hawaiian Dark- rumped Petrel ('Ua`u). Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Botany, Technical Report #513. • . 1980b. Population Histories- Species Accounts Seabirds: Newell's Shearwater CA`o). Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Botany, Technical Report #5A. . 1980c. Population Histories- Species Accounts Forest Birds: Hawaiian Hawk ('lo). Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Botany, Technical Report #6A. Banko, P. C., R. E. David, J. D. Jacobi, and W. E. Banko 2001. Conservation Status and Recovery Strategies for Endemic Hawaiian Birds, in: Scott, J. M, S. Conant, and C. Van Riper III (editors) Evolution, Ecology, Conservation, and Management of Hawaiian Birds: A Vanishing Avifauna. Studies in Avian Biology No. 22. Cooper's Ornithological Society, Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas (Pg. 359-376). Beaglehole, J. C. (editor).1967. The journals of Captain James Cook on his voyages of discovery. Vol. 3, The voyage of the Resolution and Discovery 1776-1780. 2 pts. Hakluyt Society Extra Series, no. 36 Cambridge University Press. Conant, S. 1980. Recent records of the `U`au (Dark-rumped Petrel) and `A`o ( Newel)'s Shearwater ) in Hawaii. 'Elepaio, Vol. 41: 11-13 Cooper, B. A. and R. E. David 1995. Radar and Visual Surveys of Seabirds in the HELCO SSP Unit 71, Puna, Hawaii, During July 1995. Prepared for R. M. Towill • Corporation & Hawaii Electric Light Co. Ponahawai Planned Community -Faunal Survey — 2001 - 11 Cooper, B. A and R. H. Day. 1995. Kauai endangered seabird study. Volume 1: Interactions of Dark -romped Petrels and Newell's Shearwaters with utility structures on Kauai, Hawaii: Final Report, TR -105847 -VI, Electric Power Research Institute, • Palo Alto, California. . 1998. Summer Behavior -and Mortality of Dark-rumped Petrels and Newell's Shearwaters at Power Lines on Kauai. Colonial Waterbirds, 21 (1): 11-19 David, R. E. 1992. Ornithological and Mammalian Survey of Ainaloa, Puna District, Island of Hawaii Prepared for Sidney Fuke & Associates & Ainaloa Development Corp. . 1995. Faunal Survey of Helco SSPP Unit 71- Rauenhorst, Kehena- Keekee Homestead, Puna, Hawaii. Prepared for R. M. Towill Corporation & Hawaii Electric Light Co. . 1996. Ornithological and Mammalian Surveys of the Proposed Improvement and Realignment Corridors of the Saddle Road (State of Hawaii Route 200), Island of Hawai'i, Hawaii. Prepared for: Rust E&I & The Federal Highways Administration, Central Federal Lands Highway Division. 1997. Avian and Mammalian Surveys of the Hawaii Electric Light Company (HELCO) Puna Generating Station Site, Kea'au, District of Puna, Island of Hawaii, Hawai'i. Prepared for: CH2M Hill and HELCO. . 1998a. A Reconnaissance Survey of Terrestrial Vertebrate Species for the Kolckole Bridge Seismic Retrofit Project, District of North Hilo, Island of Hawai'i. Prepared for Engineering Concepts, Inc. • . 1998b. A Reconnaissance Survey of Terrestrial Vertebrate Species for the Puainako Street Extension And Widening Project, South Hilo, Hawaii. Prepared for Okahara and Associates and the County of Hawaii Department of Public Works. . 1998c. A Reconnaissance Survey of Terrestrial Vertebrate Species for the Pahc'ehe'e Bridge Seismic Retrofit Project, District of North Hilo, Island of Hawai'i. Prepared for Engineering Concepts, Inc. . 1999a. A Survey of Terrestrial Vertebrates on the Proposed New Hawai'i Island Correctional Facility Site, Waiakea, South Hilo, Island of Hawai'i. Prepared for Wilson Okamoto & Associates & the State of Hawai'i General Accounting Office. . 1999b. A Survey of Terrestrial Vertebrate Species along the Proposed Improvement Corridor of Stainback Highway, Waiakea, Island of Hawai'i. Prepared for Wilson Okamoto & Associates & the State of Hawai'i General Accounting Office. 2000. A Reconnaissance Survey of Avian and Mammalian Species at Three Sites Along the Kalapana Roadway Realignment and Resurfacing Project, Puna District, Island of Hawai'i, Hawaii. Prepared for: SSFM International, Inc. and The Department of Public Works, County of Hawai'i. . 2001a. A Survey of Avian and Mammalian Species Hilo International Airport . Improvement Project, South Hilo Disdtrict, Hawai'i. Prepared for Wilson Okamoto & Associates and the State of Hawai'l Department of transportation Airports Division (HDOT-A). Ponahawai Planned Community -Faunal Surrey -2001 - 12 David, R. E. 2001b. Puainako Street Widening and Extension Project: Hawaiian Hawk nest survey. Prepared for Goodfellow Brothers, Inc. . 2001c. A Survey of Avian and Terrestrial Mammalian Species of the USDA Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center Site, South Hilo District, Hawai'i. Prepared for: SSFM Engineers, Inc. and The U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2002a. An Audio Playback Survey for Hawaiian Hawks on the Hawai'i Army National Guard, Keaukaha Military Reservation, Hilo, Hawaii. Prepared for: Hawaii Army National Guard. 2002b. An Audio Playback Baseline Survey of Hawaiian Hawks (Buteo solitarius) for the Umikoa Ranch, Safe Harbor Agreement. Prepared for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Ecoregion, Honolulu, Hawai'i, and Umikoa Ranch. Day, R. H., and B. Cooper, 1997. Patterns of Movement of Dark-rumped Petrels and Newell's Shearwaters on Kauai. The Condor, 97: 1011-1027. Day, R. H., B. Cooper, and R. J. Blaha. 2003. Movement Patterns of Hawaiian Petrels and Newell's Shearwaters on the Island of Hawai'i. Pacific Science, 57, 2:147-159. Department of Land and Natural Resources. (DLNR). 1998. Indigenous Wildlife, Endangered And Threatened Wildlife And Plants, And Introduced Wild Birds. Department of Land and Natural Resources. State of Hawaii. Administrative Rule §13-134-1 through §13-134-10, dated March 02, 1998. Dole, S. B. 1879. List of birds of the Hawaiian Islands. P.p. 41-58 in T. G. Thrum (comp.). Hawaiian almanac and annual for 1879. Honolulu. • Federal Register, 1967. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. Appendix D — United States List of Endangered Native Fish and Wildlife; 32 FR 4001 —March 11, 1967, 1993. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; proposed Reclassification of the Hawaiian Hawk from Endangered to Threatened Status. 58 FR 41684-41688 — August 5, 1993. 1994. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; withdrawal of proposed rule to reclassify the Hawaiian Hawk from Endangered to Threatened Status. 59 FR . 1999a. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. 50CFR 17:11 and 17:12 — December 3, 1999 . 1999b. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 50 CFR 17. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Review of Plant and Animal Taxa that are Candidates or Proposed for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Recycled Petitions, and Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions. Federal Register, 64 No. 205 (Monday, October 25, 1999): 57534-57547. . 2001. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 50 CFR 17. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. Notice of Findings on Recycled Petitions. Federal Register, 66 No. 5 (Monday, January 8, 2001): 1295 — 1300. Ponahawai Planned Community -Faunal Survey — 2001 - 13 • Federal Register, 2002. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 50 CFR 17. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. Review of Species That Are Candidate or Proposed for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of • Findings on Recycled Petition; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions. Federal Register, 67 No. 114 (Thursday, June 13, 2002): 40657-40679. Harrison, C, S. 1990. Seabirds of Hawaii: Natural History and Conservation. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y. 249 pp. Henshaw, H.W. 1902. Complete list of birds of the Hawaiian Possessions with notes on their habits. Thrum, Honolulu. 146 pp. Hue, D., C. Glidden, J. Lippert, L. Schnell, J. Maclvor and J. Meisler. 2001. Habitat Use and Limiting Factors in a Population of Hawaiian Dark -romped Petrels on Mauna Loa, Hawaii. , in:: Scott, J. M, S. Conant, and C. Van Riper Ill (editors) Evolution, Ecology, Conservation, and Management of Hawaiian Birds: A Vanishing Avifauna. Studies in Avian Biology No. 22. Cooper's Ornithological Society, Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas (Pg. 234-242). Griffin, C. R., P. W. C. Paton, and T. S. Baskett. 1998. Breeding Ecology and Behavior of the Hawaiian Hawk. Condor, 100:654-662. Kepler, C. B., J. Jeffrey and J.M. Scott 1979. Possible breeding colonies of Manx Shearwaters on the Island of Hawaii. 'Elepaio, Vol. 39, No.: 115-116 Klavitter, J. L. 2000. Survey methodology, abundance, and demography of the endangered Hawaiian Hawk: Is de -listing Warranted? Unpublished Master of Science Thesis. • University of Washington. Medway, D.G. 1981. The contribution of Cook's third voyage to the ornithology of the Hawaiian Islands. Pac. Sci. 35: 105-175. Menard, T. 2001. Seasonal Activity of the Endangered Hawaiian Hoary Bat on the Island of Hawai'i. Unpublished Draft Master of Science Thesis, Univ. Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i. , Olson, S.L., and H.F. James. 1991. Descriptions of Thirty-two New Species of Birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Part 1. Non-Passeriformes . American Ornithological Union, Washington D.C. 88 pp. 1997. Prehistoric status and distribution of the Hawaiian Hawk (Buteo solitarius), with the first fossil record from Kauai. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 49:65-69. 1982. Fossil birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Evidence for Wholesale Extinction by Man Before Western Contact. Science. 217:633-635 Peale, T. R. 1848. United Exploring Expedition. Vol. 8, Mammalia and Ornithology. Philadelphia, Lea and Blanchard. 338 pp. Pukui , M. K., S. H. Elbert, and E. T. Mookini 1976. Place Names of Hawaii. University of • Hawaii Press. Honolulu, Hawai'i. 289 pp. Ponanawai Planned CQnmuu*-Faunal Swwy-2001- 14 Reed, J. R., J. L Sincock, and J. P. Heilman 1985. Light Attraction in Endangered Procellariform Birds: Reduction by Shielding Upward Radiation. Auk 102: 377-383. Reynolds, R.T., J.M. Scott and R.A. Nussbaum. 1980. A variable circular plot method •, for estimating bird numbers. Condor. 82:309-313. Tomich, P.Q. 1986. Mammals in Hawaii. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu, Hawaii. 375 pp• USGS. 1995. Hilo Quadrangle, Hawaii -Island and County of Hawaii. 7.5 minute series (Topographic). Denver, Colorado. Wagner, W.L., D.R Herbst, S.H. Sohmer 1990. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii 1854 pp. Wilson, S. B., and A. H. Evans 1890-1899. Aves Howaiiensis: The birds of the Sandwich Islands. R. H. Porter, London. Wolfe, E. W., and J. Morris 1996 Geological Map of the Island of Hawaii. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. L 0 PwMawai Planned Community -Faunal Survey — 2001 . 15 WAILANI DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC AND FISCAL IMPACTS • Plasch Econ Pacific LLC CJ WAILANI DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC AND FISCAL IMPACTS PREPARED FOR: Wailani Development LLC PREPARED BY.• Plasch Econ Pacific LLC November 2009 C� CJ U 0 CONTENTS EXECUTIVESUMMARY.......................................................................................................................................................ES-1 1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................................................................1 a. Content and Purpose.......................................................................................................1 b. Methodology.....................................................................................................................1 c. Organization of the Report....................................................................:........................ 2 d. Economic Consultant....................................................................................................... 3 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION...............................................................................................................................................................3 a. Project Location and Area............................................................................................... 3 • b. Project Components.........................................................................................................3 3. ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES....................................................................................4 a. Development Period........................................................................................................5 b. Construction Expenditures.................................................................:...........................5 c. Indirect Sales Generated by Construction Activity ..................................................... 5 d. Property Sales and Values...............................................................................................6 e. Summary of Expenditures and Sales............................................................................ 6 f. Profits................................................................................................................................. 6 g. Employment..................................................................................................................... 6 h. Payroll................................................................................................................................7 i. Supported Population and Housing............................................................................. 7 j. Sources of Construction Workers................................................................................... 8 4. ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF OPERATIONS AT FULL DEVELOPMENT.........................................................8 a. Housing Uses and Characteristics, Detailed................................................................ 8 • b. Housing Uses and Characteristics, Summary.............................................................9 C-1 CONTENTS C-2 c. On-site Economic Activities..........................................................................................10 d. Sources of Professional and Skilled Workers............................................................. 11 5. IMPACTS ON COUNTY REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES............................................................................11 a. Development Activities.................................................................................................11 b. Operations at Full Development.................................................................................12 6. IMPACTS ON STATE REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES..................................................................................13 a. Development Activities.................................................................................................13 b. Operations at Full Development.................................................................................14 7. REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................................................................................14 FIGURE 1. Wailani Development TABLES 1. Proposed Development............................................................................................... T-1 2. Economic Impacts of Development Activities......................................................... T-2 3. Economic Impacts of Operations at Full Development .........................................• T-5 4. Impacts on County Revenues and Expenditures..................................................... T-8 5. Impacts on State Revenues and Expenditures....................................................... T-10 • • 0 0 • r 1 U EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT Wailani Development ("the Project") is a proposed master -planned development on a 172 -acre site located in Hilo, Hawaii. The Project will include a Commercial Center of about 250,000 sq. ft. of floor space, a Medical Park of about 250,000 sq. ft., a Technology Park of about 200,000 sq. ft., an elderly housing complex of about 333 units, about 90 townhouses, about 58 standard single-family homes, about 37 large -lot single family homes, a 6.9 -acre park, about 7.5 acres of passive open space, pedestrian trails, and interior roads. Development of the Project is expected to occur over an 18 -year period from about 2012 to 2030, but development could require more or less time, depending on future market conditions and home sales. 2. HOUSING BENEFITS The Project will supply about 518 homes to house Big Island residents. About 481 of these homes (9317o) will be sold or rented at "affordable" prices, including about 333 homes for senior citizens. 3. CONSUMER AND BUSINESS BENEFITS a. Commercial Center The Commercial Center will supply a large number and variety of stores, shops, services, fast-food restaurants, and family restaurants typical of a large neighborhood shopping center. The additional goods and services will benefit Project residents as well residents of surrounding communities. b. Medical Park The Medical Park will increase the supply and variety of medical and dental professionals and specialists. The additional medical services will benefit residents throughout the region. ES -1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY c. Technology Park ES -2 Companies located in the Technology Park will provide high-technology goods, installation, repair, and services in support of consumers, medical offices, astronomy, and various business located throughout the region and beyond. 4. EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS a. Construction and Related Employment During the Project's 18 -year development period, construction employment is expected to average about 80 jobs. It is expected that the construction jobs for the Project will be filled by workers already living on the Big Island. As other construction projects are completed on the island, construction workers will be hired to work on the various components of the Project, then move on to other projects. Thus, the Project will help keep existing construction workers employed. Indirect employment related to Project development is expected to average about 80 jobs on the Big Island and 40 jobs on Oahu. Thus, total direct -plus -indirect employment associated with Project development activities will average about 200 jobs, of which about 160 jobs will be on the Big Island. The actual job count will fluctuate over time, • depending on the pace of construction. b. Operating Employment On-site operating employment is expected to grow to over 1,700 jobs at full development in 2030, including about 625 jobs at the Commercial Center, about 800 jobs at the Medical Park, and about 250 jobs at the Technology Park. These jobs will include entry-level positions to highly skilled professionals. 5. FISCAL BENEFITS a. County Project development activity is expected to have a negligible impact on County finances inasmuch as the developer will provide or pay its fair -share of support infrastructure (interior roads, water distribution, sewer lines, drainage, etc.). Also, most construction workers are expected to be from the Big Island, so will not require additional services from the County. U EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES -3 • At full development, the Project is expected to generate net income to the County exceeding $200,000 per year. Net revenues are positive largely because of the property taxes on the Commercial Center, Medical Park, and Technology Park. In effect, County revenues from these three components of the Project will subsidize County services to Wailani residents. . County support expenditures are assumed to be at the same level of service and debt service as provided to current residents and employment centers throughout the island. The assumed debt service will be sufficient for the County to finance about $12.1 million in unspecified general improvements for Wailani residents and workers. b. State Unlike the County, the State derives substantial net revenues from development activity. Over the estimated 18 -year construction period, the State will net about $27.4 million from construction and related economic activities associated with the Project, or an average of about $1.5 million per year. At full development, the Project is expected to generate net income to the State of • about $8.9 million per year. The positive return to the State reflects the various taxes on economic activity associated with the Commercial Center, Medical Park, and Technology Park. As with County services, State revenues from these three components of the Project will subsidize State services to Wailani residents. State support expenditures are assumed to be at the same level of service and debt service as provided to current residents and employment centers throughout Hawai'i. The assumed debt service will be sufficient for the State to finance about $8.9 million in unspecified general improvements for Wailani residents and workers. is 11 WAILANI DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC AND FISCAL IMPACTS 1. INTRODUCTION a. Content and Purpose Wailani Development ("the Project") is a proposed master -planned development to [that will] be located in Hilo, Hawaii. The Project will include a Commercial Center, a Technology Park, a Medical Park, elderly housing, townhouses, single-family homes, a park, passive open space, pedestrian trails, and interior roads. This report addresses the economic and fiscal benefits and impacts of the Project. Its purpose is to provide State and County officials with information relevant to their decisions about development approvals. The economic impacts cover sales and expenditures, profits, employment, and payroll related to (1) construction and related activities, and (2) operations at full development of the Project. Fiscal impacts address the impact of the Project on County and State revenues and expenditures. The material covers the increase in County and State tax revenues, the increase in government support expenditures, and the resulting net revenues to the County and State. b. Methodology Multipliers The proposed development is translated into economic and fiscal impacts based on a number of multipliers (for example, average value of a home, indirect sales as a percentage of direct sales, jobs per $1 million in sales, indirect jobs per direct jobs, and tax rates). These multipliers reflect the professional judgment of the consultant, and were derived based on information from the following sources: other projects similar to this proposed Project; U.S. Census data; the State of Hawaii Data Book, The 2002 Input -Output Study for Hawaii; The Hawaii Inter -County Input -Output Study: 2002 Benchmark Report; employment and labor rates from the State Department of Labor and Industrial Relations (DLIR); County and State tax rates; and revenue and expenditure data from the County and the State. • 1 WALANI DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC AND FISCAL IMPACTS • 2009 Dollars 2 Throughout the report, dollar amounts are expressed in terms of 2009 purchas- ing power and market conditions. Values, prices, costs and dollar amounts for prior years are adjusted for inflation to 2009 dollars based on the Honolulu Consumer Price Index (CPI) for Urban Consumers. Dollar amounts after 2009 are not increased to account for inflation, appreciation in property values, changes in labor rates, changes in building costs, or other changes in market conditions. Accuracy of Estimates Much of the analysis contained in this report is quantitative in nature, where numbers are used to help communicate anticipated impacts. However, these numbers should not be interpreted as precise predictions. Rather, they represent the best estimates of what is expected to occur based on available information about future development, market conditions, and tax rates. As a general rule, economic and fiscal impact estimates in this report are accurate within about 207o. • c. Organization of the Report The material below gives the following information about the Project and its economic and fiscal impacts: a description of the Project, the economic impacts of construction and related activities, the economic impacts of Project operations at full development, the impact on County revenues and expenditures, the impact on State revenues and expenditures, and a summary of major economic and fiscal benefits. The detailed assumptions, multipliers, and calculations are shown in five tables at the end of the report. These tables cover the following: — Table 1: Proposed Development — Table 2: Economic Impacts of Development Activities — Table 3: Economic Impacts of Operations at Full Development — Table 4: Impacts on County Revenues and Expenditures — Table 5: Impacts on State Revenues and Expenditures The quantities appearing in bold in the tables highlight the more significant economic and fiscal impacts. r_7 LJ WALANI DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC AND FISCAL IMPACTS 3 d. Economic Consultant • The analysis was conducted by Plasch Econ Pacific LLC, a Hawai'i-based economic -consulting firm specializing in economic development, land and housing economics, feasibility studies, valuations, market analysis, public policy analysis, and the economic and fiscal impacts of projects. 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION a. Project Location and Area The Project will be located on a 172 -acre site in Hilo, Hawaii between Mohouli St. and Komohana St. (see Figure 1). The site is about 1 mile west of downtown Hilo. b. Project Components As shown in Table 1, the Project will include the following components: — Commercial Center The Commercial Center will be a large neighborhood shopping center • of about 250,000 sq. ft. of floor space located on about 22.7 acres of land. Typical of such shopping centers, tenants will include, but will not be limited to, a supermarket, family and fast-food restaurants, ice-cream parlors, hair salons, bookstores, video rental stores, boutique clothing stores, banks, veterinarian clinics, pet stores, garden supply stores, auto- mobile service stations, auto parts stores, accountants, attorneys, etc. Customers are expected to come from Project residents and workers as well as from surrounding communities. — Medical Park The Medical Park will offer about 200,000 sq. ft. of floor space located on about 14 acres of land. Anticipated facilities include physician and dental offices, clinics, diagnostic services, medical records storage, a pharmacy, classrooms and a conference center, etc. — Technology Park The Technology Park will offer about 250,000 sq. ft. of floor space located on about 17.8 acres of land. Individual lots will cover about 20,000 sq. ft. Anticipated tenants include companies that research, produce, install, service and/or repair hardware and software in such fields as astronomy, medicine, • WALANI DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC AND FISCAL IMPACTS • computers and computer networks, communications, etc. — Elderly Housing 4 An elderly housing complex with about 333 units will be located on about 26.8 acres of land. The complex will feature independent living in privately owned homes as well as assisted living. — Townhouses About 90 townhouses units will be located on about 17.5 acres of land. The townhouses are more affordable than single-family homes. — Standard Single-family Homes About 58 standard single-family homes will be located on about 13.4 acres of land. Lots are expected to range in size from about 7,500 sq. ft. to about 10,000 sq. ft. — Large -lot Single-family Homes About 37 large -lot single-family homes will be located on about 18.5 acres of land. Lots are expected to average about 1 /2 acre in size. — Other Components • Other Project components will include a 6.9 -acre park, about 7.5 acres of passive open space, pedestrian trails, and interior roads. In the table and material below, the Commercial Center, Medical Park, and Technology Park are collectively referred to as the Business and Service Centers: 3. ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES The development of the Project will involve the following activities: (1) grading and other work to prepare the site for development; (2) construction of internal roads, a water delivery system, sewer systems, drainage systems, utilities systems, etc.; (3) sale of lots to component developers; (4) construction and sale of homes; and (5) construction of buildings and the sale of some of these buildings. Table 2 summarizes the direct and indirect economic impacts of these development activi- ties. The material in this table gives the development period, construction expendi- tures, indirect sales generated by the construction activity, property sales, profits, employment and payroll, and the number of residents and houses supported by the development activities. 0 WALANI DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC AND FISCAL IMPACTS a. Development Period 19 As indicated in Section 2.a of Table 2, the assumed development period is 18 years—from about 2012 to 2030. However, development could require more or less time, depending on future market conditions and property sales. b. Construction Expenditures Over the 18 -year development period, total construction expenditures for the Project are estimated at about $286 million (see Section 2.b of Table 2 for cost assumptions). This translates into average construction expenditures of about $15.9 million per year. In practice, construction expenditures will vary from year to year. In addition to construction costs, other development costs will be incurred for planning, permitting, design, financing, County and State exactions, marketing, and sales commissions. c. Indirect Sales Generated by Construction Activity In addition to construction expenditures, development activities will generate indirect sales associated with supplying goods and services to construction compa- nies and to the families of construction workers. In turn, the companies supplying goods and services, and the families of their employees, will purchase goods and services from other companies, and so on. These indirect sales will include sales by companies supplying building materials (cement, steel, lumber, roofing materials, plumbing equipment, electrical equipment, hardware supplies, lighting, flooring, etc.); rent out construction equipment; repair equipment; provide warehousing services; provide shipping and trucking services; etc. Indirect sales also include sales by grocery stores, drug stores, restaurants, service stations, beauty salons, medical providers, accountants, attorneys, insurance agents, etc. Based on State economic multipliers, these indirect sales are expected to average about $14.6 million per year, of which about $9.8 million per year will be on the Big Island and about $4.8 million on O'ahu (see Section 2.c of Table 2.). • WALANI DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC AND FISCAL IMPACTS • d. Property Sales and Values 0 At full development, the Business and Service Centers are expected to have a value of about $256 million, the homes are expected to have a value of about $152 million, for a total of about $408 million for the Project (see Section 2.e of Table 2 for the assumptions). Home sales are expected to average about $8.4 million per year. e. Summary of Expenditures and Sales Section 2.f of Table 2 summarizes anticipated expenditures and sales. As indicated, construction expenditures, indirect sales related to construction, and home sales are expected to average about $38.9 million per year. About $23.3 million per year will be subject to the State 4% excise tax on final sales, while about $15.6 million per year will be subject to the 0.5% excise tax on intermediate sales. Depend- ing upon market conditions, development and sales in some years may be much higher or lower than the average. f. Profits • Profits on these sales are estimated at about $4.7 million per year (see Section 2.g of Table 2). g. Employment During the Project's 18 -year development period, construction employment is expected to average about 80 jobs (see Section 2.h of Table 2). These jobs will include supervisors, heavy -equipment operators (grading, roads, water mains, sewer lines, etc.), cement workers to lay foundations, metal workers, carpenters, plumbers, electricians, roofers, glass and window installers, cabinet makers, carpet and file layers, painters, equipment installers, interior decorators, landscapers, etc. Other jobs related to construction will include architects, civil engineers, draftsmen, government inspectors, etc. These jobs will range over a variety of skill levels, including entry-level, semiskilled, skilled, management, and professional positions. As with indirect sales, development activities will generate indirect jobs associat- ed with supplying goods and services to construction companies and to the families of construction workers. In turn, the companies supplying goods and services, and the families of their employees, will purchase goods and services from other • companies, and so on. Indirect jobs will include those at companies supplying WALANI DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC AND FISCAL IMPACTS 7 building materials (cement, steel, lumber, roofing materials, plumbing equipment, is electrical equipment, hardware supplies, lighting, flooring, etc.); rent construction equipment; repair equipment; provide warehousing services; provide shipping and trucking services; etc. Other indirect jobs will include those involved with supply- ing goods and services to employees and their families: grocery workers, store clerks, restaurant workers, service -station workers, beauty technicians, barbers, bankers, pharmacists, veterinarians, computer technicians, medical workers, accountants attorneys, etc. The jobs will range over a variety of skill levels, includ- ing entry-level, semi -skilled, skilled, and management positions. Based on State employment multipliers, indirect employment related to Project development is expected to average about 80 jobs on the Big Island and 40 jobs on O'ahu. Thus, total direct -plus -indirect employment associated with Project development activities will average about 200 jobs, of which about 160 jobs will be on the Big Island. h. Payroll Development activities are expected to generate a total payroll of about $9 million per year for the Project, of which about $4.4 million will be for construction workers, about $2.9 million for indirect employment on the Big Island, and about $1.7 million for indirect employment on O'ahu (see Section 2.i of Table 2). These estimates are based on the average number of direct and indirect jobs multiplied by average wages as reported to the DLIR. Wages will range from about $25,000 annually to over $100,000, and are expected to average about $55,500 per year for construction jobs, about $36,900 for indirect jobs on the Big Island, and about $42,800 for indirect jobs on Oahu. i. Supported Population and Housing During the 18 -year development period, direct and indirect jobs provided by Project construction will support about 465 residents housed in about 165 homes (see Sections 2.j and 2.k of Table 2). Construction jobs will support about 190 residents and nearly 70 homes, while the remainder will be supported by indirect jobs. Most of the residents supported by the direct -plus -indirect jobs are expected to live on the Big Island: about 380 residents housed in about 135 homes. WALANI DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC AND FISCAL IMPACTS • j. Sources of Construction Workers I As noted above, construction employment is expected to average about 80 jobs during the Project's 18 -year development period. This is about 1.4% of the County's 5,770 construction jobs in 2007 (DLIR). In view of this small percentage, it is expected that the construction jobs for the Project will be filled by workers already living on the Big Island. As other construction projects are completed on the island, the Big Island construction workers will be hired to work on the various compo- nents of the Project infrastructure, house construction, and building construction, then move on to other projects. Thus, the Project will help keep the Big Island's existing construction workers employed. Special programs to increase the number of construction workers on the Big Island appear to be unwarranted since sufficient workers are already available. 4. ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF OPERATIONS AT FULL DEVELOPMENT Table 3 summarizes the estimated number of residents who will live in Wailani at full development, household income, related economic activity generated by • consumption expenditures, and the taxable value of homes. In addition, this table provides estimates of economic activity generated by the Business and Service Centers at Wailani. a. Housing Uses and Characteristics, Detailed Section 3.a of Table 3 summarizes the assumptions that are used to estimate economic and fiscal impacts attributable to residents who will live at Wailani. For each type of home, the material covers: = The percentage split between homes rented and homes that will be owner occupied. — For each type of home and use, the average percentage of homes that are occupied. — For occupied homes, the average number of occupants (i.e., household size). — For rented homes, the average monthly rent. — For renters and homeowners, the estimated household income subject to Hawaii income taxes. • WALANI DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC AND FISCAL IMPACTS E — Anticipated consumption expenditures that are subject to the 4% excise • tax. — For each type of home, average property value, homeowner exemption, and taxable value of the home. b. Housing Uses and Characteristics, Summary Section 3.b of Table 3 summarizes housing uses and characteristics at full development of the Project. The findings are based on the assumptions given in the previous section of the table. Number of Rental and Owner -occupied Homes At full development, about 212 homes (41%) will be rented, about 166 homes (32%) will be owned and occupied by seniors, and about 140 homes (27%) will be owned and occupied by working -age residents. Affordable Homes About 481 of these homes (93%) will be "affordable' as defined by the County. That is, .the rents and prices will be affordable to families earning 140% of the median income for the County (Chapter 11, Hawaii County Code). According to the Hawaii Housing Finance & Development Corporation (HHFDC), affordable rents on the Big Island for the year 2009 at 140% of median income are $1,708 and $2,050 for 1 -bedroom and 2 -bedroom units, respectively. Assuming a 5% mortgage rate, affordable home prices for the County in year 2009 are $333,600 for a family of two, and $375,300 for a family of three, and $417,000 for a family of four. Based on these rents and home prices, all but the large -lot single family homes at Wailani will be rented or sold at affordable prices. Population and Workforce The Project will house about 1,270 residents, of which about 640 seniors will be seniors, about 130 will be students enrolled in public schools, and about 280 will be in the workforce. Rental Income Total annual rental income for the homes is estimated at about $3.4 million per year. 0 WALANI DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC AND FISCAL IMPACTS 10 • Household Income and Comsumption Expenditures Annual household income taxable by the State of Hawai'i and taxable consump- tion expenditures are about $29.5 million and $14.8 million, respectively. Home Values Home values are expected to amount to about $152 million. Subtracting stan- dard and senior homeowner exemptions results in a total taxable value of about $113 million. c. On-site Economic Activities Section 3.c of Table 3 summarizes on-site economic activity at full development of the Project. Revenues and Profit At full development, on-site economic activities are expected to generate about $184.7 million per year in revenues. This estimate includes sales associated with the • Business and Service Centers, rents from commercial space and homes, home and grounds maintenance, and services provided from home offices. Corresponding profits will amount to about $18.5 million per year at full development. Employment and Payroll On-site operating employment is expected to total over 1,700 jobs, including jobs associated with the Business and Service Centers, home and grounds maintenance jobs, and home -office jobs. Commercial Center jobs will include store clerks, restaurant workers, service -station workers, beauty technicians, barbers, bankers, pharmacists, veterinarians, accountants, attorneys, etc. Medical Park jobs will include a variety of medical specialists, medical technicians, nurses, therapists, dentists, dental hygienists, bookkeepers, etc. Technology Park workers will cover engineers in a variety of fields, technicians, fabricators, laborers, etc. Home and ground maintenance jobs will include repairmen, maids, gardeners, etc. Home office jobs will include consultants, off-site office workers, small-business operators, etc. 0 WALANI DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC AND FISCAL IMPACTS 11 The jobs will range over a variety of skill levels, including entry-level, semi- skilled, skilled, .highly skilled professionals, and management positions. Corre- sponding wages will range from less than $25,000 annually for unskilled entry-level positions to over $250,000 for highly skilled specialists. Total payroll for these jobs is estimated at about $71.2 million per year. d. Sources of Professional and Skilled Workers As the Medical Park and Technology Park are developed over a period of many years, professionals and skilled workers will be recruited from the various public and private universities, colleges, technical schools, companies, and other organiza- tions in Hawai'i and on the mainland. The jobs will appeal to professionals and skilled workers who want to apply their training and skills and remain in Hawaii or return to Hawai'i. Programs to increase the supply of professionals and skilled workers will be the responsibility of the various universities, colleges, and technical schools. U 5. IMPACTS ON COUNTY REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES The impact of the Project on County finances is shown in Table 4. This table summarizes: (1) changes in the County's tax and expenditure base which is used to calculate revenues and expenditures, (2) revenues and expenditures related to development activities, and (3) revenues and expenditures related to operations in 20 years. a. Development Activities As with other major projects on the Big Island, the developer and builders will provide or finance their fair shares of infrastructure and facilities to support the Project. This will include interior roads, interior water distribution, sewer systems, drainage systems, etc. An allowance is made for general unspecified improvements that result in the same per -capita level of debt service (including cash capital outlay) as that carried • WALANI DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC AND FISCAL IMPACTS 12 • by other the Big Island County residents. This debt service, which is shown in Section 4.c. of Table 4, amounts to about $970,000 per year. Although not shown in Table 4, this level of outlay would support improvements costing about $12.1 million, assuming financing with a 20 -year bond at an interest rate of about 57/o. Construction activities require few on-site services from the County. Further- more, construction companies will provide their own security, sanitation, transporta- tion, etc. As shown in Table 4, Section 4.b, Project development activity will result in a negligible impact on County finances. b. Operations at Full Development At full development, the Project will generate increased revenues to the County of about $3.9 million per year (Table 4, Section 4.c). Most of this increase will come from additional property taxes of about $2.9 million per year. An estimated $940,0000 per year in additional revenues will be derived from other taxes and user • fees, which are assumed to be proportional to the number of residents and jobs at Wailani. These taxes and fees include: fuel taxes, motor vehicle weight taxes, water fees, solid -waste disposal fees, other departmental earnings, other licenses and fees, etc. County expenditures in support of operations are estimated at about $3.6 million per year. About $2.7 million of the expenditures will be for services, which are assumed to be proportional to the number of Wailani residents and workers at the same level of services as those provided to other County residents and workers. These services include: general government, police, fire, road maintenance, opera- tions and maintenance (O&M) of water delivery systems, solid waste disposal, recreation, etc. As previously mentioned, annual debt service on general improve- ments will be about $970,000. The resulting debt service will result in about the same per -capita level of expenditures as that carried by other residents of the County. At full development, the Project is projected to generate about $220,000 per year in net revenues to the County. Net revenues are positive largely as a result of the property taxes on the Commercial Center, Medical Park, and Technology Park. In effect, County revenues from these three components of the Project will subsidize • County services to Wailani residents WALANI DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC AND FISCAL IMPACTS 13 6. IMPACTS ON STATE REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES • The impact of the Project on State finances is shown in Table 5. This table summarizes: (1) changes in the State's tax and expenditure base which is used to calculate revenues and expenditures, (2) revenues and expenditures related to development activities, and (3) revenues and expenditures related to operations at full development. a. Development Activities Unlike the County, the State derives substantial revenues from development activity. Over the 18 -year development period, Project development activities are expected to generate about $27.4 million in revenues for the State, for an average of about $1.5 million per year (Table 5, Section 5.c). Most of the revenues will be derived from (1) excise taxes, (2) corporate and personal income taxes, and (3) conveyance taxes. According to the State Department of Education (DOE), no school impact fees are anticipated since the existing schools in Hilo can accommodate projected population growth. State expenditures to support Project development activities are expected to be negligible. Infrastructure and facilities to support the Project are primarily a County responsibility, with most of the fair share provided or financed by the developer. Also, no major expenditure to build new schools is anticipated since, as mentioned above, the existing schools in Hilo can accommodate projected population growth. However, an allowance is made for general unspecified improvements that result in the same per -capita level of debt service as that carried by other residents in the State. This debt service, which is shown in Table 5, Section 5.c., amounts to about $710,000 per year. Although not shown in Section 5.b, this level of debt service would support improvements costing about $8.9 million, assuming financing with a 20 -year bond at an interest rate of about 5%. Construction activities will require few on-site services from the State. Further- more, most required services will be provided by construction companies. Over the 18 -year development period, the State will net about $27.4 million from development activities associated with the Project, for an average of about $1.5 million per year. L� WALANI DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC AND FISCAL IMPACTS • b. Operations at Full Development 14 At full development, the Project will generate increased revenues to the State of about $16.1 million per year (Table 5, Section 5.c). State revenues will include excise taxes, corporate and personal income taxes, and other revenues which are assumed to be proportional to the number of residents and workers in the Project. Other revenues include: other sales taxes (cable television, telephone, etc.); fuel taxes; charges for various licenses, permits, and services; departmental earnings; etc. State expenditures in support of operations are estimated at about $7.2 million per year. About $6.5 million of the expenditures will be on services, which are assumed to be proportional to the number of residents, students, and workers, and at the same level of service as that provided to other Hawaii residents. These services include: general government, education, health services, highway mainte- nance, natural resources, parks and recreation, and miscellaneous expenditures. As previously mentioned, annual debt service on general improvements will be about $710,000. This expenditure will result in about the same per -capita level of debt service as carried by other residents of the State. is At full development, the Project is projected to generate about $8.9 million per year in net revenues to the State. The positive return to the State reflects the various taxes on economic activity associated with the Commercial Center, Medical Park, and Technology Park. Similar to the situation with the County, State revenues from these three components of the Project will subsidize State services to Wailani residents. 7. REFERENCES Chapter 11, Hawaii County Code. Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism, State of Hawai'i. The 2002 State Input -Output Study for Hawai'i. June 2006. Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism, State of Hawai'i. The Hawai'i Inter -County Input -Output Study: 2002 Benchmark Report. June 2006. Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism, State of Hawai'i. The State of Hawaii Data Book. Annual. Department of Eduction. November 2009. Department of Finance, County of Hawaii. "Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 2008." 40 WALANI DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC AND FISCAL IMPACTS 15 Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, State of Hawai'i. Employment and • Payroll in Hawaii. Annual. Fleming & Associates LLC. 2009. Hawaii Housing Finance & Development Corporation (HHFDC). Affordable Rent and Sales Guidlines, Hawaii County, 2009. Plasch Econ Pacific LLC. 2009. Real Property Assessment Division, County of Hawaii. 2009. Tax Foundation of Hawai i. "Taxes in Hawai i." Annual. U.S. Census. 2000. • 40 0 FIGURE • 0 MALANAI SOUTH WILIWILI ROAD ,,MERG Srl'( ACCESS LL U) � Y a: a Q rn d � >-(D J y Z WDoD JO cqM w= N 7 ¢F a rn 0o 3 y Zoz is o Tom V LL. Q J CL 0� LW cn■ CQ G \V 0 • y . 9SN m�z dvlid QQ e f Q G: r 1Jqq Wui rc ti J F N N Q Y W 6 ° Q W p, 2 V Yl f w Tom V LL. Q J CL 0� LW cn■ CQ G \V 0 • 0 TABLES Table 1. Proposed Development (Values in 2009 dollars) Item Source or Multiplier Amount Units 1.a. LAND AREA Business and Service Centers Commercial Center Fleming & Associates 22.7 acres Medical Park 14.0 " Technology Park 17.8 " Residential Elderly Housing Units 26.8 " Townhouses 17.5 " Standard Single -Family Homes 13.4 " Large -lot Single-family homes 18.5 " Park 6.9 " Passive Open Space 7.5 Roads, Pedestrian Trails, Other 26.9 Total Area Developed 172.0 1 acres 1.b. BUSINESS AND SERVICE CENTERS Commercial Center Fleming & Associates 250,000 sq. ft. Medical Park 200,000 Technology Park 250,000 " Total Space 700,000 sq. ft. 1.c. HOMES Elderly Housing Units Fleming & Associates 333 mf homes Townhouses 90 Standard Single -Family Homes 58 sf homes Large -lot Single-family homes "i" Total Homes 518 homes T-1 i • • • Table 2. Economic Impacts of Development Activities (Values in 2009 dollars) Item Source or Multiplier Amount Units 2.a. DEVELOPMENT PERIOD First Year of Construction Fleming B Associates 2012 Last Year of Construction 2030 Duration of Construction 18 years 2.b. CONSTRUCTION EXPENDITURES Expenditures Over Development Period Business and Service Centers Commercial Center $ 230 per sq. ft. $ 57,500,000 Medical Park $ 360 " $ 72,000,000 Technology Park $ 200 " $ 50,000,000 Total for Business and Service Centers 179,500,000 Homes Elderly Housing Units $ 175,000 per home $ 58,275,000 Townhouses $ 210,000 - $ 18,900,000 Standard Single-family Homes $ 280,000 " $ 16,240,000 Large -lot Single -Family Homes $ 350,000 " $ 12,950,000 Total for Homes $ 106,365,000 Total Construction Expenditures $ 285,865,000 Annual Construction Expenditures (average) Business and Service Centers $ 9,972,222 per year Homes $ 5,909,167 " Total Annual Construction Expenditures $ 15,881,389 per year 2.c. INDIRECT SALES GENERATED BY CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY Business and Service Centers 98% of const. exp. $ 9,772,778 per year Homes 82% $ 4,845,517 " Total Indirect Sales $ 14,618,295 peryear Big Island 67% $ 9,794,258 " Oahu 33% $ 4,824,037 - 2.d.OTHER DEVELOPMENT COSTS 1 n.e. 2.e. PROPERTY SALES AND VALUES Business and Service Centers Commercial Center i $ 330 per sq. ft. $ 82,500,000 Medical Park $ 510 " $ . 102,000,000 Technology Park $ 285 " $ 71,250,000 Total Value, Business and Service Centers $ 255,750,000 Homes Elderly Housing Units $ 250,000 per home $ 83,250,000 Townhouses $ 300,000 " $ 27,000,000 Standard Single-family Homes $ 400,000 " $ 23,200,000 Large -lot Single -Family Homes $ 500,000 - $ 18,500,000 Total Home Sales/Value $ 151,950,000 Total Property Value $ 407,700,000 Annual Home Sales $ 8,441,661 1 per year • [1) Before realizing profits, developers must pay a number of development -related costs in addition to construction costs. These "Other Development Costs" include planning, permitting, design, financing, County and State exactions, and marketing and sales commissions. T-2 Table 2. Economic Impacts of Development Activities (Values in 2009 dollars) (continued) Item Source or Multiplier Amount Units 21 SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES & SALES Final Sales (taxed at 4%) Construction Expenditures, Bus. & Commercial Section 2.b $ 9,972,222 per year Home Sales Section 2.e $ 8,441,667 " Consumption 55% of payroll $ 4,936,085 " Section 2.i Total Sales at 4% $ 23,349,974 per year Intermediate Sales (taxed at 0.50/6) Construction Expenditures, Homes Section 2.b $ 5,909,167 peryear Indirect Sales Related to Construction Section 2.c $ 14,618,295 " Less Consumption above $ 4,936,085 " Total Sales at 0.5% $ 15,591,377 er ear Total Sales $ 38,941,351 peryear 2.g. PROFITS Profits on Total Expenditures & Sales 10.0% $ 3,894,135 per year Risk Premium for Construction 5.0% $ 794,069 " Total Profit from Construction & Related Activity $ 4,688,204 per year 2.h. EMPLOYMENT (on-site & off-site) Big Island Construction Jobs 4.97 x sales1$1 mil 79 jobs Indirect Jobs Generated by Construction 1.48 x direct jobs x 78 " 67% Total Big Island Employment 157 jobs Oahu, Indirect Jobs Generated by Construction 1.52 x direct jobs x 40 33% Total Employment 197 jobs 2.1. PAYROLL Big Island ConsbuctionPayroll $ 55,500 per job $ 4,384,500 peryear Payroll for Indirect Employment $ 36,900 $ 2,878,200 " Total Big Island Payroll $ 7,262,700 per year Oahu, Payroll for Indirect Employment $ 42,800 per job $ 1,712,000 " Total Payroll $ 8,974,700 per year 2.j. POPULATION SUPPORTED BY DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES Big Island Supported by Construction Jobs 2.40 perjob 190 residents Supported bIndirect Jobs 2.40 187 Total Residents, Big Island 377 residents Oahu Residents Supported bIndirect Jobs 2.20 perjob 88 " Total Residents Supported 465 residents T-3 0 • • • Table 2. Economic Impacts of Development Activities (Values in 2009 dollars) (continued) Item Source or Multiplier Amount Units 2.k. HOUSING FOR SUPPORTED POPULATION Big Island Supported by Construction Jobs 0.36 per resident 68 homes Supported by Indirect Jobs 0.36 67 " Total Homes, Big Island 135 homes Oahu Homes Supported by Indirect Jobs 0.34 per resident 30 Total Homes Supported - 165 homes T-4 Table 3. Economic Impacts of Operations at Full Development • (Values in 2009 dollars) Item Source or Multiplier Amount Units 3.a. HOUSING USES & CHARACTERISTICS, DETAILED Elderly Housing Units 333 homes Rented Homes 50% 167 " Occupied Homes 94% 157 " Residents 2.00 per household 314 residents Rent $ 1,400 per month $ 2,637,600 per year Household Income $ 50,000 per household $ 7,850,000 " Consumption Expenditures 50% of income $ 3,925,000 Property Value - $ 250,000 per home $ 41,750,000 Owner -occupied Homes 50% 166 homes Occupied Homes 98% 163 " Residents 2.00 per household 326 residents Household Income $ 55,000 " $ 8,965,000 per year Consumption Expenditures 50% of income $ 4,482,500 Property Value $ 250,000 per home $ 41,500,000 Less Homeowner Exemption $ 90,000 per home $ (14,940,000) Less Additional Exemption 20% of value $ 8,300,000 Taxable Value $ 18,260,000 Townhouses 90 homes Rented Homes 50% 45 " Occupied Homes 94% 42 " Residents 3.00 per household 126 residents Rent $ 1,500 per month $ 756,000 per year Household Income $ 60,000 per household $ 2,520,000 " Consumption Expenditures 50% of income $ 1,260,000 Property Value $ 300,000 per home $ 13,500,000 Owner -occupied Homes 50% 45 homes Occupied Homes 98% 44 " Residents 3.00 per household 132 residents Household Income $ 65,000 " $ 2,860,000 peryear Consumption Expenditures 50% of income $ 1,430,000 Property Value $ 300,000 per home $ 13,500,000 Less Homeowner Exemption $ 40,000 per home $ (1,800,000) Less Additional Exemption 20% of value $ 2,700,000 Taxable Value I $ 9,000,000 T-5 • Table 3. Economic Impacts of Operations at Full Development (Values in 2009 dollars) (continued) is Item Source or Multiplier Amount Units 3.a. HOUSING USES & CHARACTERISTICS, DETAILED (continued) Standard Single-family Homes 58 homes Owner -occupied Homes 100% 58 homes Occupied Homes 98% 57 " Residents 4.0 per household 228 residents Household Income $ 75,000 " $ 4,275,000 per year Consumption Expenditures 50% of income $ 2,137,500 Property Value $ 400,000 per home $ 23,200,000 Less Homeowner Exemption $ 40,000 per home $ (2,320,000) Less Additional Exem bon $ 80,000 per home $ 4,640,000 Taxable Value $ 16,240,000 Large -lot Single-family Homes 37 homes Owner -occupied Homes 100% 37 homes Occupied Homes 98% 36 ' Residents 4.0 per household 144 residents Household Income $ 85,000 " $ 3,060,000 peryear Consumption Expenditures 50% of income $ 1,530,000 Property Value $ 500,000 per home $ 18,500,000 Less Homeowner Exemption $ 40,000 per home $ (1,480,000) Less Additional Exemption $ 80,000 per home $ 2,960,000 Taxable Value $ 14,060,000 3.b. HOUSING USES & CHARACTERISTICS, SUMMARY Housing Units, by Use Rented Homes Section 3.a 212 homes Owner -occupied Homes, Elderly 166 Owner -occupied Homes, Other 140 Total Homes 518 homes Affordable Homes see text 481 Population Seniors Section 3.a 640 people Other Residents 630 people Total Residents Section 3.a 1,270 people Student Population, Public Schools 20% of other residents 126 students Workforce 45% " 284 workers Rental Income Section 3.a $ 3,393,600 per year Household Income, Taxable by Hawai'i $ 29,530,000 " Consumption Expenditures $ 14,765,000 ' Home Values Rented Homes $ 55,250,000 Owner -occupied Homes, Elderly $ 41,500,000 Owner -occupied Homes, Other $ 55,200,000 Total Home Value $ 151,950,000 Homeowner Exemptions Section 3.a $ 39,140,000 Taxable Value of Homes $ 112,810,000 T-6 Table 3. Economic Impacts of Operations at Full Development • (Values in 2009 dollars) (continued) Item Source or Multiplier Amount Units 3.c. ON-SITE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Revenues Business and Service Centers Commercial Center $ 300 per sq. ft. $ 75,000,000 per year Medical Park $ 250 " $ 50,000,000 ' Technology Park $ 150 " $ 37,500,000 " Rents Commercial Center $ 30 per sq. It. $ 7,500,000 Medical Park $ 25 $ 5,000,000 Technology Park $ 15 $ 3,750,000 Homes SecBon 3.b $ 3,393,600 Maintenance, Homes 8 Grounds Elderly Housing Units $ 200 per month $ 799,200 per year Townhouses $ 250 " $ 270,000 - Standard Single-family Homes $ 100 " $ 69,600 " Large -lot Single -Family Homes $ 150 " $ 66,600 " Total Maintenance, Homes 8 Grounds $ 1,205,400 per year Services, Home Office $ 100,000 perjob $ 1,400,000 " Total Revenues (on-site) $ 184,749,000 per year Less Sales Included in Consumption Expenditures Comm. 8 Med. Sales to On-site Residents 20% of consumption $ (2,953,000) per year Maintenance, Homes 8 Grounds $ 1,205,400 Revenues in Addition to Consumption Expenditures $ 180,590,600 per year Profit 10% of revenues $ 18,474,900 Employment Business and Service Centers Commercial Center 2.5 per 1,000 sq. ft. 625 jobs Medical Park 4.0 per 1,000 sq. ft. 800 " Technology Park 1.0 per 1,000 sq. ft. 250 ' Maintenance, Homes 8 Grounds 18.2 jobs/$1 million 22 Home Office 5% of workforce 14 Total Employment 1,711 jobs Payroll Business and Service Centers Commercial Center $ 27,300 per job $ 17,062,500. per year Medical Park $ 53,000 perjob $ 42,400,000 " Technology Park $ 42,200 perjob $ 10,550,000 " Maintenance, Homes 8 Grounds $ 23,000 " $ 506,000 Home Office $ 50,000 " $ 700,000 Total Payroll $ 71,218,500 per year Less Payroll Induced with Household Income Retail 10% or retail payroll $ (1,706,250) peryear Home Office above $ 700,000 " Payroll in Addition to Household Income i 1 $ 68,812,250 per year T-7 • is • • Table 4. Impacts on County Revenues and Expenditures (Values in 2009 dollars) Item Source or Multiplier Amount Units 4.a. TAX 8 EXPENDITURE BASE Development Activity Duration Table 2, Section 2.a 18 years Business and Service Centers Commercial Center Table 1, Section 1.b 250,000 sq. ft. Medical Park 200,000 - Technology Park 250,000 " Homes Elderly Housing Units Table 1, Section i.c 333 mf homes Townhouses 90 Standard Single -Family Homes 58 sf homes Large -lot Single-family homes 37 Operations at Full Development Population (on-site) Seniors Table 3, Section 3.1b 640 people Other Residents 630 people Total Residents 1,270 people Employment Table 3, Section 3.c 1,711 jobs Taxable Values, Business Property Table 2, Section 2.e $ 255,750,000 Taxable Values, Homes Table 3, Section 3.1b $ 112,810,000 4.b. DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY Revenues, Cumulative Total Revenues, Cumulative (1) n.e. Expenditures, Cumulative Improvements Infrastructure and Facilities [1] Interior Roads $ - InteriorWalerDistribution $ - Drainage Systems $ _ Collector Sewers B Trunks $ - General Improvements see text Services $ - Total Expenditures $ Net Revenues, Cumulative $ [1] Most infrastructure will be built by the developer, or the Project's fair -share will be financed via connect charges and user fees. T-8 Table 4. Impacts on County Revenues and Expenditures • (Values in 2009 dollars) (continued) Item Source or Multiplier Amount Units 4.c. OPERATIONS AT FULL DEVELOPMENT Revenues, Annual Property Taxes Commercial Property $ 9.00 per $1,000 $ 2,301,750 peryear Homes $ 5.55 per $1,000 $ 626,096 " Less Current Taxes County- n.e. " Total Property Taxes $ 2,927,846 peryear Other Revenues Economic Activity $ 350 per job $ 598,850 " . Residents $ 540 per person $ 340,200 1 " Total Other Revenues $ 939,050 per year Total Revenues $ 3,866,896 per year Expenditures, Annual Services Economic Activity $ 770 perjob $ (1,317,470) peryear Seniors $ 1,070 per person $ (684,800) " Other Residents $ 1,070 $ 674,100 " Total Services $ (2,676,370) per year Debt Service, General Improvements Economic Activity $ 290 perjob $ (496,190) " Seniors $ 375 per person $ (240,000) " Other Residents $ 375 $ 236,250 " Total Debt Service $ 972,440 peryear Total Expenditures $ 3,648,810 peryear Net Revenues, Annual $ 218,086 peryear T-9 • E E • • Table 5. Impacts on State Revenues and Expenditures (Values in 2009 dollars) Item Source or Multiplier Amount Units 5.a. TAX & EXPENDITURE BASE Development Activities Duration Table 2, Section 2.a 18 years 'Business and Service Centers Commercial Center Table 1, Section 1.b 250,000 sq. ft. Medical Park 200,000 " Technology Park 250,000 " Homes Elderly Housing Units Table 1, Section 1.c 333 mf homes Townhouses 90 Standard Single -Family Homes 58 sf homes Large -lot Single-family homes 37 Final Sales Annual Average Table 2, Section 2.f $ 23,349,974 per year Cumulative $ 420,299,532 Intermediate Sales Annual Average Table 2, Section 2.f $ 15,591,377 per year Cumulative $ 280,644,786 Commercial Property Sales, adjusted for Table 2, Section 2.e $ 127,875,000 lots sold without improvements 50% Home Sales (for Conveyance Tax) Sales to Owner -occupants, at Prices: Below $600,000 Table 3, Section 3.a $ 96,700,000 $600,000 to $1 million $ - Over $1 million $ - Sales to Other Buyers, at Prices: Below $600,000 $ 55,250,000 $600,000 to $1 million $ - Over $1 million $ - Profits Annual Average Table 2, Section 2.g $ 4,688,204 per year Cumulative $ 84,387,672 Payroll Annual Average Table 2, Section 2.1 $ 8,974,700 per year Cumulative $ 161,544,600 Students - Table 3, Section 3.b 126 students Operations at Full Development . Population (on-site) Seniors Table 3, Section 3.1b 640 people Other Residents 630 " Total Population 1,270 people Students Table 3, Section 3.b 126 students T-10 Table 5. Impacts on State Revenues and Expenditures (Values in 2009 dollars) (continued) Item Source or Multiplier Amount Units 5.a. TAX & EXPENDITURE BASE (continued) Sales Revenues Consumption Expenditures Table 3, Section 3.b $ 14,765,000 per year On-site Sales other than Consumption Table 3, Section 3.c $ 180,590,600 " Total Sales $ 195,355,600 peryear Profits (on-site activities) Table 3, Section 3.c $ 18,474,900 " Employment 1,711 jobs Household Income Table 3, Section 3.b $ 29,530,000 per year Payroll in Addition to Household Income Table 3, Section 3.c $ 68,812,250 " 5.b. DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES Revenues, Cumulative School Impact Fees Townhouses $ - per home $ Single-family Homes $ - $ Total School Impact Fees $ - Conveyance Tax Commercial Property 0.30% $ 383,625 Owner -occupied Homes at Prices: Below $600,000 0.10% of sales $ 96,700 $600,000 to $1 million 0.20% " $ - Over $1 million 0.30% " $ - Sales to Other Buyers, at Prices: Below $600,000 0.15% " $ 82,875 $600,000 to $1 million 0.25% " $ - Over $1 million 0.35% " $ Total Conveyance Tax $ 563,200 Excise Tax Final Sales 4.0% of sales $ 16,811,981 Intermediate Sales 0.5% $ 1,403,224 Total Excise Tax $ 18,215,205 Corporate Income Taxes 1.0% of profits $ 843,877 Personal Income Taxes 4.8% ofincome $ 7,754,141 Total State Tax Revenues $ 27,376,423 Average Annual Revenues $ 1,520,912 per year Expenditures, Cumulative Improvements Schools (K through 12) $ - per student $ - General Improvements see text Services $ Total Expenditures $ Average Annual Expenditures $ r ear Net Revenues, Cumulative $ 27,376,423 Annual Average $ 1,520,912 r ear T-11 • is 0 11 • Table 5. Impacts on State Revenues and Expenditures (Values in 2009 dollars) (continued) Item Source or Multiplier Amount Units 5.c. OPERATIONS AT FULL DEVELOPMENT Revenues, Annual Excise Tax 4.0% of sales $ 7,814,224 per year Corporate Income Tax 1.0% of profit $ 184,749 " Personal Income Tax 4.8% income $ 1,417,440 " Other Revenues Economic Activity $ 1,910 per job $ 3,268,010 " Seniors $ 2,710 per person $ 1,734,400 " Other Residents $ 2,710 $ 1,707,300 " Total Revenues $ 16,126,123 peryear Expenditures, Annual Services Education 7,700 per student $ (970,200) peryear Other Services Economic Activity $ 1,060 perjob $ (1,813,660) " Seniors $ 2,340 per person $ (1,497,600) " Other Residents $ 3,590 $ 2,261,700 " Total Services $ (6,543,160) peryear Debt Service, General Improvements Economic Activity $ 210 perjob $ (359,310) " Seniors $ 280 per person $ (179,200) " Other Residents $ 280 $ 176,400 " Total Debt Service $ 714,910 peryear Total Expenditures $ 7,258,070per year Net Revenues, Annual $ 8,868,053 per year T-12 E • • Traffic Impact Analysis Report for Wailani Center Hilo, Island of Hawaii, Hawaii Tax Map Key Numbers (3)2-3-044: 019; 2-3-049: 053; 2-3-037: 001 DECEMBER 2009 0 Prepared for: Wailani Development, LLC 670 Ponahawai Street, Suite 214 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Prepared by: A=COM Davies Pacific Center, 841 Bishop Street Suite 1900, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96813 • WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT Wailani Center Hilo, Island of Hawai'i, Hawai'i Traffic Impact Analysis Report TMK (3) 2-3-044: 019; 2-3-049: 053; 2-3-037: 001 DECEMBER 2009 �'i' M Yya� LICENSED p PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER * NO. 3893—C Expiration Date: April 30, 2010 This work was prepared by me or under my direct supervision. DEC 'Z 01 Date AECOM PAGE 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR U • 11 WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT Table of Contents SECTION PAGE Engineer's Stamp and Signature.................................................................................. i Tableof Contents...........................................................................................................ii 5.2 2015 (Phase 1) Analysis................................................................................15 Listof Figures............................................................................................................... iii Listof Tables................................................................................................................. iv 1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION....................................................................................1 5.3 2020 (Phase 2) Analysis................................................................................17 2.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS......................................................................................3 5.3.1 Scenario with no UHH Mauka Development..............................................17 2.1 Existing Roadways.......................................................................................... 3 2.2 Traffic Volumes................................................................................................ 5 3.0 TRAFFIC FORECASTS........................................................................................7 5.4.1 Scenario with no UHH Mauka Development..............................................21 3.1 Ambient Traffic Forecast................................................................................. 7 3.2 Project Generated Traffic................................................................................ 8 3.3 Total Forecast Volumes.................................................................................10 60103623 • 4.0 LEVEL OF SERVICE ANALYSIS.......................................................................10 Wailani Center TIAR 4.1 Signalized Intersection Analysis Procedure ................................................ 11 11 4.2 Unsignalized Intersection Analysis Procedure...........................................12 5.0 RECOMMENDED ROADWAY DESIGNS...........................................................14 5.1 2009 (Existing) Analysis................................................................................14 5.2 2015 (Phase 1) Analysis................................................................................15 5.2.1 Ambient Forecast...................................................................................... 15 5.2.2 Total with Project Forecast........................................................................16 5.3 2020 (Phase 2) Analysis................................................................................17 5.3.1 Scenario with no UHH Mauka Development..............................................17 5.3.2 Scenario with UHH Mauka Development...................................................19 5.4 2030 (Phase 3) Analysis................................................................................ 21 5.4.1 Scenario with no UHH Mauka Development..............................................21 5.4.2 Scenario with UHH Mauka Development................................................... 23 6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS...................................................24 AECOM PAGE ii 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR WAILANI CENTER References Figures Tables Appendices Appendix A: Traffic Turning Movement Counts if11;1;M LIYSNI_\J-W%,i69:14901:4I Appendix B: Signalized Intersection Level of Service (LOS) Calculations Appendix C: Unsignalized Intersection Level of Service (LOS) Calculations AECOM PAGE iii 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR • • 40 WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT 0 List of Figures FIGURE NUMBER TITLE Figure 1 Location Map Figure 2 Wailani Preliminary Master Plan A — Phase 1 B — Phase 2 C — Phase 3 Figure 3 Existing Peak Hour Traffic A — AM Peak Hour B — PM Peak Hour Figure 4 Comparison of Traffic Volumes at Komohana Street /Mohouli Street Intersection Figure 5 Hourly Traffic Volumes on Komohana St. South of Waianuenue Ave. Figure 6 Ambient Traffic Forecast - 2015 A — AM Peak Hour B — PM Peak Hour Figure 7 Ambient Traffic Forecast — 2020 (With UHH Mauka) • A — AM Peak Hour B — PM Peak Hour • Figure 7B Ambient Traffic Forecast — 2020 (Without UHH Mauka) A — AM Peak Hour B — PM Peak Hour Figure 8 Ambient Traffic Forecast — 2030 (With UHH Mauka) A — AM Peak Hour B — PM Peak Hour Figure 8B Ambient Traffic Forecast — 2030 (Without UHH Mauka) A — AM Peak Hour B — PM Peak Hour Figure 9 Project Generated Traffic Forecast - 2015 A — AM Peak Hour B — PM Peak Hour Figure 10 Project Generated Traffic Forecast - 2020 A — AM Peak Hour B — PM Peak Hour Figure 11 Project Generated Traffic Forecast - 2030 A — AM Peak Hour B — PM Peak Hour AECOM PAGE iv 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT List of Figures (cont'd) FIGURE NUMBER TITLE Figure 12 Total with Project Forecast - 2015 A — AM Peak Hour B — PM Peak Hour Figure 13 Total with Project Forecast — 2020 (With UHH Mauka) A — AM Peak Hour B — PM Peak Hour Figure 1313 Total with Project Forecast — 2020 (Without UHH Mauka) A — AM Peak Hour B — PM Peak Hour Figure 14 Total with Project Forecast -2030 (With UHH Mauka) A — AM Peak Hour B — PM Peak Hour Figure 14B Total with Project Forecast — 2030 (Without UHH Mauka) A — AM Peak Hour B — PM Peak Hour Figure 15 Recommended Improvements by Planning Year List of Tables TABLE NUMBER TITLE Table 1. Trip Generation and Distribution Analysis Table 2 Signalized Intersection Level of Service Analysis (With UHH Mauka Campus) Table 2B Signalized Intersection Level of Service Analysis (Without UHH Mauka Campus in Phases 2 and 3) Table 3 Unsignalized Intersection Level of Service Analysis (Intersections Along Komohana Street) Table 4 Unsignalized Intersection Level of Service Analysis (Mohouli Street/Kukuau Street Intersection) Table 5 Unsignalized Intersection Level of Service Analysis (New Intersections along Mohouli Street) AECOM PAGE v 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR 11 • • WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT • TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT for the WAILANI CENTER A mixed-use project is being planned for Hilo, Hawai'i. An analysis was conducted to identify the traffic impacts of the proposed project and to recommend mitigating measures. This paper summarizes the methodology, findings and recommendations of the study. 1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Wailani Center is being proposed in Hilo, Hawai'i. The proposed project would include medical office facilities, commercial retail facilities, business (technology) park facilities, single family and multi -family dwelling units, and elderly housing units, all in low-rise buildings. • The proposed project site is situated between Komohana Street and Mohouli Street to the east and west, and between two residential developments to the north and south. The project location in relation to the Hilo town roadway network is shown on Figure 1. The project site is on a 35.6 acre area composed of TMKs: (3)2-3-044: 019; 2-3-049: 053; and 2-3-037: 001. The proposed project would be developed in three phases, with each phase taking about five years to complete and occupy. The study forecast years were based on the full occupancy date of the first two phases (2015 and 2020) and 2030 for the third phase, to comply with the 20 -year forecasting requirement of the concurrency ordinance. The components of each project phase are described as follows. Phase 1 — to be completed and occupied by forecast year 2015. 100,000 square feet (sf) of medical office buildings to be built along the Pu'uhonu Place extension roadway. • 100,000 sf of commercial center space (shopping center assumed) to be built along both new roadways. • AECOM PAGE 1 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT Two new roadways connecting to Komohana Street would be built in this phase: 1. A collector roadway which would be an extension of Ponohawai Street would intersect as a signalized, fully channelized intersection. The western (mauka) terminus of the roadway would be at the limit of the first phase of commercial development. 2. A local roadway which would intersect across from Pu'uhonu Place as a signalized, fully channelized intersection. The western terminus of the local roadway would be at the above Ponohawai Street extension. The improvements to be implemented during the first phase are shown on Figure 2A. Phase 2 — to be completed and occupied by forecast year 2020. • 80,000 sf additional medical office building space for a total of 180,000 sf. • 100,000 sf of additional commercial center space for a total of 200,000 sf. • 333 elderly housing units to be built along the Ponohawai Street extension with access to Komohana Street. • 90 townhouse units to be built on a separate cul-de-sac. Two roadway improvements would be made in this phase: 1. The western terminus of the Ponohawai Street alignment would be extended toward Mohouli Street to serve the elderly housing units but not connect with the latter street. 2. A new cul-de-sac to serve the townhouse units intersecting with Mohouli Street extension between Kukuau Street and the future Ponohawai Street extension intersection. The improvements proposed for the second phase are shown on Figure 2B. Phase 3 — to be completed and occupied by forecast year 2030. • 100,000 sf business (technology) park _ to be built along the Ponohawai Street extension. • 37 large lot single family homes to be built on the same cul-de-sac as the townhouses. 58 single family homes to be built along the Ponohawai Street extension. One roadway improvement would be made in this phase: 1. The Ponohawai Street alignment would be extended west to connect with Mohouli Street. The improvements to be implemented during the third phase are shown on Figure 2C. • AECOM PAGE 2 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT • The study intersections which would be most affected by the proposed project include: • Komohana Street and Ponohawai Street. • Komohana Street and Pu'uhonu Place. • Mohouli Street and new residential cul-de-sac. • Mohouli Street and new Ponohawai Street extension. The study intersections which would be less affected by the proposed project include: • Komohana Street and Mohouli Street. • Komohana Street and Kukuau Street. • Komohana Street and Waianuenue Avenue. • Mohouli Street and Kukuau Street. • Mohouli Street and Kaumana Drive and Ainako Avenue. These study intersections are identified on Figure 1 in relation to the proposed project site. 2.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS is A survey of the existing roadway and traffic conditions was made in September 2009. 2.1 Existing Roadways Several roadways under the jurisdiction of the County of Hawai'i serve the project area. Mohouli Street, Komohana Street, and Ponohawai Street are two-lane County roadways classified as major collectors. Waianuenue Avenue is a four -lane major collector. Kukuau Street is a two-lane minor collector roadway. Pu'uhonu Place is a short dead end roadway providing access to medical offices. The locations of these roadways in relation to the project site are identified on Figure 1. Mohouli Street provides mauka to makai access between Kaumana Drive and Kilauea Street and defines the south and west boundaries of the study area. The older portion of the roadway makai of Komohana Street runs through a residential neighborhood and has a posted speed limit of 35 miles per hour (mph). The roadway was extended mauka from Komohana Street to the Kaumana Drive/Ainako Avenue intersection in AECOM PAGE 3 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR 2002. The newer section of the roadway has a posted speed limit of 45 mph, and has • wide shoulders that could be used to widen Mohouli Street to four lanes. The new AECOM PAGE 3 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT section of roadway provides residents of Kaumana and Ainako with an alternate access • route to the south and west sections of Hilo Komohana Street runs in a general north to south direction between Waianuenue Avenue and Ainaola Drive. Komohana Street serves as a commuter route for residents in the south and west sections of Hilo to reach downtown Hilo. Ponohawai Street runs in an east to west direction from Komohana Street to Kamehameha Avenue and is parallel to and about midway between Mohouli Street and Waianuenue Avenue. Waianuenue Avenue runs in a general east to west direction on the north end of the study area from Kaumana Drive to Kamehameha Avenue. It provides access to Ainako Avenue and the Hilo Medical Center. The portion east of Komohana Street runs one way eastbound from 7:15 to 8:00 a.m. to facilitate traffic flow to the schools on this roadway section. The County is currently studying the effects of reinstating a two-way flow along the roadway during this morning period. However, this study assumes that the one-way flow restriction would continue into the forecast future. • Kukuau Street is a two-lane County collector road. The older roadway section makai of Komohana Street terminates as a dead end in a residential neighborhood. The newer roadway mauka of Komohana Street provides access to a mauka residential subdivision. The extension of Mohouli Street created a new intersection on this roadway. The Komohana Street/Mohouli Street intersection is signalized with protected left turn movements on the Mohouli Street approaches and protected/permitted left turns on the Komohana Street approaches. The northbound Komohana Street and eastbound Mohouli Street approaches have separate left turn, through, and right turn lanes. The southbound Komohana Street and westbound Mohouli Street approaches have separate left turn and shared through/right turn lanes. The Komohana Street/Kukuau Street intersection has stop sign controls on the Kukuau Street approaches. Both Komohana Street approaches and the Kukuau Street • AECOM PAGE 4 60103623 December 2009 Wallam Center TIAR WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT • westbound approach have separate left turn and shared through/right turn lanes. The Kukuau Street eastbound approach has a single shared lane. The Komohana Street/Ponohawai Street intersection is a T -intersection controlled by traffic signals. The southbound approach of Komohana Street has separate through and left turn lanes with a protected/permitted signal. The northbound approach of Komohana Street has separate through and right turn lanes. The westbound approach of Ponohawai Street has separate left and right turn lanes. There is a separate pedestrian phase to cross Komohana Street. Komohana Street intersects Waianuenue Avenue as a T -intersection with separate left and right turn lanes. The Waianuenue Avenue westbound approach has a through lane and a shared through left turn lane. The Mohouli Street/Kukuau Street intersection has stop sign controls on the Kukuau Street approaches. Both Mohouli Street approaches have separate left turn and shared • through/right turn lanes while the Kukuau Street approaches are single shared lanes. The Kaumana Drive/Mohouli Street/Ainako Avenue intersection has separate left turn lanes on all approaches and shared through/right turn lanes on all but the Mohouli Street approach, which has separate through and right turn lanes. The traffic signal operates with eight phases, and with protected/permitted left turns on all approaches. The Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) for FY 2008 thru 2013 does not list any roadway improvement projects in the study area. 2.2 Traffic Volumes Traffic turning movement counts were taken at the study intersections in September 2009, during the morning and afternoon peak periods. Traffic turning movement counts require a traffic surveyor to observe traffic flow and record the movements of each vehicle crossing the intersection as through or turning movements by 15 minute intervals. The worksheets from these traffic counts are included in Appendix A. • AECOM PAGE 601 December 2009 Wailani Centerr TZARIAR WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT The current morning and afternoon peak hour traffic volumes are shown on Figure 3. The volumes are rounded to the nearest five vehicles per hour (vph). The morning counts show peak travel in the makai bound direction on Mohouli Street and Kaumana Drive/Waianuenue Avenue and northbound on Komohana Street. The peak directions are reversed in the afternoon peak with mauka bound traffic on Mohouli Street and Kaumana Drive, and southbound on Komohana Street. The existing traffic operations at the study intersections are discussed in the Recommended Roadway Designs section of this report. Traffic counts were not taken at the two study intersections of Kukuau Street since they serve stable neighborhoods and little traffic change was expected at these intersections from the traffic counts taken in December 2007. The latter (2007) volumes were adjusted slightly to match with the current (2009) traffic volumes at the adjoining intersections. The adjusted volumes are shown in bold. Traffic turning movement counts were taken at the Komohana Street/Mohouli Street intersection in December 2007, October 2008, and September 2009 for this and other studies. The morning and afternoon peak hour traffic volumes for each year's counts are shown on Figure 4. During the morning peak, the northbound volumes declined from 2007 to 2008 and then returned to the 2007 level in 2009. The southbound volumes stayed level or declined slightly. Both northbound and southbound volumes in the afternoon peak remained steady from 2007 to 2008 and increased slightly in 2009. The State of Hawai'i Department of Transportation (HDOT) takes traffic counts on various state and county roadways throughout the State. Several counts were taken in the study area in May 2006. The hourly traffic volumes in both directions on Komohana Street south of Waianuenue Avenue are graphically shown on Figure 5. The graph shows a very sharp peak in northbound traffic in the morning and a smaller southbound peak in the afternoon. The pattern of these traffic volumes agree with the pattern of traffic turning movement counts taken on Komohana Street for this study. AECOM PAGE 6 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR U • • is WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT 3.0 TRAFFIC FORECASTS The proposed project would be developed over a 15 to 20 year period. During this period, ambient traffic on the area roadways can be expected to increase due to regional growth and new projects in the area. The traffic that would be generated from the proposed project was added to the ambient traffic forecast to obtain the total with project traffic forecast. 3.1 Ambient Traffic Forecast Traffic forecasts were developed for two alternate scenarios of ambient traffic. The first scenario assumed that the University of Hawai'i at Hilo (UHH) mauka campus would be developed to include a UHH Mauka Campus extension, mauka Research Park, and the Hawai'i Community College relocation. The following assumptions and adjacent projects were included in these forecasts: • 2015 (Phase 1) - regional growth increasing at 1.4% annually, 3 UHH projects (China -U.S. Center, PBAR Center, Hawaiian Language Center), UHH Makai Research Park campus, County of Hawai'i Fire Administration Center (Phase 1), Mohouli Senior Citizen Community, and three County approved projects on Ponohawai Street. • 2020 (Phase 2) - regional traffic growing at 1.0% annually, Fire Administration Center (phase 2), 60% development of the UHH Mauka Campus. • 2030 (Phase 3) - regional traffic growing at 1.0% annually, Fire Administration Center (phase 3), 100% development of the UHH Mauka Campus. Traffic forecasts from TIAR's for the proposed projects were utilized whenever available. The second scenario assumed that the UHH Mauka Campus would not be developed in project phases 2 and 3, given the tentative history of development at UHH. The 2015 ambient traffic forecast which is common to both scenarios is shown on Figure 6. The 2020 and 2030 ambient traffic forecasts with the UHH Mauka development are shown on Figures 7 and 8, respectively. The corresponding forecasts without the UHH Mauka development are shown on Figures 7B and 86, respectively. AECOM December 2009 PAGE 7 60103623 Wailani Center TIAR WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT The traffic operations at the study intersections for both sets of ambient traffic forecasts • are discussed in the Recommended Roadway Designs section of this report. 3.2 Project Generated Traffic The traditional three-step process of trip generation, trip distribution, and trip assignment was used to forecast the future traffic which would be generated by the proposed project. The trip generation step forecasts the number of new trips that would be produced in each of the two study periods. The trip distribution step allocates these new trips by direction of travel. Finally, the trip assignment step assigns the trips to the specific turning movements at the study intersections. The trip generation step forecasts the volume of vehicle trips that would be generated by the proposed project during the morning and afternoon peak periods. The Institute of Transportation Engineers' Trip Generation report (Seventh Edition, 2003) has trip generation equations or rates to calculate the number of morning and afternoon peak hour trips that would be generated by various land uses. The trip generation equations used for each proposed land use (and their identifying ITE land use number and description) for each period are shown on Table 1 and are summarized below. Medical Office Building (ITE LU 720, Medical -Dental Office Building) AM Peak Hour T = 2.48(X), PM Peak Hour T = 3.72(X), Where, X = 1,000 sf of building area. Commercial Center (ITE LU 820, Shopping Center) AM Peak Hour Ln(T) = 0.60Ln(X)+2.29, PM Peak Hour Ln(T) = 0.66Ln(X)+3.40, Where, X = 1,000 sf of building area. Elderly Housing Units (ITE LU 252, Senior Adult Housing, attached) AM Peak Hour T = 0.08(X), PM Peak Hour T = 0.11(X), Where, X = number of residential units. Townhouse Units (ITE LU 230, Residential Condominium/Townhouses) AM Peak Hour Ln(T) = 0.80Ln(X)+0.26, PM Peak Hour Ln(T) = 0.82Ln(X)+0.32, Where, X = number of residential units. AECOM PAGE 8 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TZAR • • • WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT Single Family Units (ITE LU 210, Single Family Detached Houses) AM Peak Hour T = 0.70(X) +9.43, PM Peak Hour Ln(T) = 0.90Ln(X)+0.53, Where, X = number of residential units. Technology Park (ITE LU 770, Business Park) AM Peak Hour Ln(T) = 0.98Ln(X)+0.45, PM Peak Hour Ln(T) = 0.92Ln(X)+0.78, Where, X = 1,000 sf of building area. The proposed project is forecast to add large volumes of traffic on the roadway system, particularly during the afternoon peak hour. Most of the trips would be generated by the non-residential land uses. The cumulative number of trips generated during the weekday morning and afternoon peak hours in each project phase are shown below: The Trip Generation report also lists the percentage of inbound and outbound trips in each peak hour. The number of generated trips was divided into inbound and outbound trips based on the information from the report, as shown on Table 1. Typical of commercial developments, about two-thirds of the trips are inbound in the morning peak and outbound in the afternoon peak. The trips to the commercial center were also divided into pass -by and directly generated trips. Pass -by trips are trips passing the project on the adjacent street and turn into the project. These trips add to the turning movements at the entrance but do not add traffic volumes on the adjacent street. The project -generated trips were then distributed by direction of travel to and from the project site. Separate sets of distribution factors (percentage of trips in each direction) were used for each peak hour as shown in the following table. AECOM December 2009 PAGE 9 60103623 Wailani Center TIAR Peak Hour Trips (vph) Phase Morning Afternoon 1 404 1,000 2 757 1,751 3 985 2,010 The Trip Generation report also lists the percentage of inbound and outbound trips in each peak hour. The number of generated trips was divided into inbound and outbound trips based on the information from the report, as shown on Table 1. Typical of commercial developments, about two-thirds of the trips are inbound in the morning peak and outbound in the afternoon peak. The trips to the commercial center were also divided into pass -by and directly generated trips. Pass -by trips are trips passing the project on the adjacent street and turn into the project. These trips add to the turning movements at the entrance but do not add traffic volumes on the adjacent street. The project -generated trips were then distributed by direction of travel to and from the project site. Separate sets of distribution factors (percentage of trips in each direction) were used for each peak hour as shown in the following table. AECOM December 2009 PAGE 9 60103623 Wailani Center TIAR WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT The trip distribution factors were used in the trip distribution analysis on Table 1. These project -generated trips were assigned through the study area network and the resultant trip assignments are shown on Figures 9, 10, and 11 for 2015, 2020, and 2030, respectively. 3.3 Total Forecast Volumes The project -generated trips were added to the ambient traffic forecasts to obtain the total with project forecasts. Two sets of 2020 and 2030 total with project forecasts were made since there are two sets of ambient traffic forecasts. The following traffic assignments were calculated and shown on the indicated figures: • Figure 12 - 2015 (Phase 1) • Figure 13 - 2020 (Phase 2 with 60% UHH Mauka development) • Figure 13B - 2020 (Phase 2 with no UHH Mauka development) • Figure 14 - 2030 (Phase 3 with 100% UHH Mauka development) Figure 14B - 2030 (Phase 3 with no UHH Mauka development) 4.0 LEVEL OF SERVICE ANALYSIS The concept of level of service is used to quantify the quality of traffic flow on roadway facilities. The Transportation Research Board (TRB) has developed procedures to calculate level of service value(s) by measuring traffic volumes against the capacities of different types of roadway facilities. Their Highway Capacity Manual 2000 (HCM2000) describes the various procedures developed for freeways, highways, signalized and unsignalized intersections, etc. The study intersections include both signalized and AECOM PAGE 10 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR • Distribution Factors Direction Morning Peak Afternoon Peak Northeast 19% 18% South 49% 43% East 20% 23% West 10% 14% Internal 2% 2% The trip distribution factors were used in the trip distribution analysis on Table 1. These project -generated trips were assigned through the study area network and the resultant trip assignments are shown on Figures 9, 10, and 11 for 2015, 2020, and 2030, respectively. 3.3 Total Forecast Volumes The project -generated trips were added to the ambient traffic forecasts to obtain the total with project forecasts. Two sets of 2020 and 2030 total with project forecasts were made since there are two sets of ambient traffic forecasts. The following traffic assignments were calculated and shown on the indicated figures: • Figure 12 - 2015 (Phase 1) • Figure 13 - 2020 (Phase 2 with 60% UHH Mauka development) • Figure 13B - 2020 (Phase 2 with no UHH Mauka development) • Figure 14 - 2030 (Phase 3 with 100% UHH Mauka development) Figure 14B - 2030 (Phase 3 with no UHH Mauka development) 4.0 LEVEL OF SERVICE ANALYSIS The concept of level of service is used to quantify the quality of traffic flow on roadway facilities. The Transportation Research Board (TRB) has developed procedures to calculate level of service value(s) by measuring traffic volumes against the capacities of different types of roadway facilities. Their Highway Capacity Manual 2000 (HCM2000) describes the various procedures developed for freeways, highways, signalized and unsignalized intersections, etc. The study intersections include both signalized and AECOM PAGE 10 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR • WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT • unsignalized intersections. This section discusses the procedures used to calculate levels of service at the study intersections without and with the proposed project. The • next section discusses the results of the level of service analysis and recommended roadway designs. 4.1 Signalized Intersection Analysis Procedure The methodology for analyzing signalized intersections calculates the levels of service for individual movements, approaches and the intersection as a whole based on the average stopped delay per vehicle. The results range from level of service A (best with average delays less than ten seconds) to F (worst with average delays longer than 80 seconds), described as follows: SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION LOS LEVEL OF CONTROL DELAY PER SERVICE VEHICLE Seconds/Vehicle A < 10.0 B 10.1 to 20.0 C 20.1 to 35.0 D 35.1 to 55.0 E 55.1 to 80.0 F > 80.1 The County of Hawai'i considers levels of service A to D as acceptable with levels of service E and F indicating the need for mitigating measures. For signalized intersections, the major streets can be designed to have a higher level of service than the side streets or turning lanes to obtain an acceptable level of service for the intersection. The five signalized intersections analyzed include: • Komohana Street and Mohouli Street. • Komohana Street and Ponohawai Street. • Komohana Street and Pu'uhonu Place (total with project forecasts). • Komohana Street and Waianuenue Avenue. • . Kaumana Drive and Mohouli Street/Ainako Avenue. AECOM PAGE 11 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT The Komohana Street and Pu'uhonu Place intersection is currently unsignalized but would require traffic signals with the proposed project entry roadway. Levels of service were calculated for the existing traffic volumes, ambient and total with project traffic forecasts. For each forecast year, the study intersections were redesigned to mitigate the traffic impacts until acceptable levels of service D or better were obtained for the intersection. Most of the recommendations for improvements were driven by afternoon peak hour conditions, when traffic volumes were higher. The results of the signalized intersection level of service analysis for the traffic forecast conditions with the UHH Mauka development are summarized on Table 2. The results for the traffic forecast conditions without the UHH Mauka development are summarized on Table 2B. The columns for the years 2009 (existing) and 2015 are common to both tables since the uncertainty of UHH Mauka development affects forecast years 2020 and 2030 only. Each table shows the level of service for the entire intersection, each approach, and left turn and through movements where applicable. The traffic operation statistics for the signalized intersections were calculated with the Synchro 7 software program that simulates and optimizes traffic signal timings in a roadway network. The level of service calculation worksheets are included in Appendix B. 4.2 Unsignalized Intersection Analysis Procedure The procedure used for analyzing unsignalized intersections calculates vehicle delays and levels of service based on the distribution of gaps in traffic on the major street and driver judgment in selecting gaps through which to execute turns. For two-way stop intersections where only the minor street traffic is controlled by a stop sign, levels of service are calculated for the critical turning movements including outbound movements from the stop -controlled approach and left turns from the main road to the minor road. The procedure does not calculate an overall intersection level of service. The Highway Capacity Manual defines the relationship between level of service and delay (in seconds/vehicle) for unsignalized intersections as shown in the following table. • AECOM PAGE 12 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR • WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTION LOS LEVEL OF DELAY SERVICE (Seconds[Vehicle) A < 10.0 B 10.1 to 15.0 C 15.1 to 25.0 D 25.1 to 35.0 E 35.1 to 50.0 F > 50.1 Levels of service A to D are considered acceptable for unsignalized intersections. Level of service F (with average delays longer than 50 seconds) is considered undesirable for unsignalized intersections and would indicate the possible need for mitigation. The unsignalized intersections which were analyzed include: • Komohana Street and Kukuau Street. • Komohana Street and Pu'uhonu Place. • • Mohouli Street and Kukuau Street. • Mohouli Street and proposed residential cul-de-sac. • Mohouli Street and proposed Ponohawai Street extension. • The results of the level of service analysis for the unsignalized intersections on Komohana Street are shown on Table 3. The table only extends to the 2020 ambient forecast since that is when the outbound left turn on Pu'uhonu Place is forecast to be level of service F and thus implies the need for mitigation. Future year results would show the same need for mitigation. The results of the level of service analysis for the intersection at Mohouli Street and Kukuau Street are shown on Table 4. The results of the level of service analysis for the two new intersections to be added by the proposed project to the extension of Mohouli Street are shown on Table 5. The levels of service for unsignalized intersections were calculated by the Highway Capacity Analysis Program (HCAP), as the Synchro program focuses on signalized intersections. AECOM PAGE 13 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT 5.0 RECOMMENDED ROADWAY DESIGNS The results of the level of service analyses were used to develop recommended intersection designs. The recommended intersection designs are graphically summarized on Figure 15 and are discussed below by analysis years. 2009 (Existing) • 2015 (Phase 1) Ambient • 2015 (Phase 1) Total with Project • 2020 (Phase 2) Ambient with no UHH Mauka development • 2020 (Phase 2) Total with Project and no UHH Mauka development • 2020 (Phase 2) Ambient with 60% UHH Mauka development • 2020 (Phase 2) Total with Project and 60% UHH Mauka development • 2030 (Phase 3) Ambient with no UHH Mauka development 2030 (Phase 3) Total with Project and no UHH Mauka development • 2030 (Phase 3) Ambient with 100% UHH Mauka development 2030 (Phase 3) Total with Project and no UHH Mauka development • 5.1 2009 (Existing) Analysis • The Mohouli Street, Ponohawai Street, and Waianuenue Avenue intersections on Komohana Street are controlled by traffic signals. The Mohouli Street signal is currently operating at level of service D in both AM and PM peak hours, the Ponohawai Street signal is at levels of service D and C in the AM and PM peak hours, respectively, and the Waianuenue Avenue signal is at level of service B and C in the AM and PM peak hours, respectively. The Kaumana Drive/Mohouli Street intersection is currently operating at levels of service C and B in the AM and PM peak hours, respectively, as shown on Table 2. The Kukuau Street and Pu'uhonu Place intersections on Komohana Street are stop sign controlled on the side streets. Due to the high volumes on Komohana Street in the peak hours, the outbound left turn movements from Kukuau Street are at levels of service E and D in the morning and afternoon peak hours, respectively, as shown on Table 3. The outbound left turn movement from Pu'uhonu Place is at level of service D in both peak hours. • AECOM PAGE 14 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT • Mohouli Street was extended from Komohana Street to Kaumana Drive in the early 2000's as a two-lane collector roadway. Currently, the only intersection on this extended section is at Kukuau Street, which is stop sign controlled. The Kukuau Street approaches to Mohouli Street are at levels of service B and C in both peak periods as shown on Table 4; these levels of service imply mitigation is not needed for this intersection. 5.2 2015 (Phase 1) Analysis 5.2.1 Ambient Forecast The analysis of ambient traffic forecasts indicates that Komohana Street could remain as a two-lane roadway until after 2015 with level of service E operations at the Mohouli Street intersection and level of service D or better at the other intersections, as shown on Table 2. Komohana Street would have to be widened to four lanes at Mohouli Street to improve to level of service D in the PM peak hour. The Kaumana Drive/Mohouli Street intersection would operate at level of service C in both peak hours. • The two unsignalized intersections on Komohana Street at Kukuau Street and Pu'uhonu 11 Place can expect to be signalized in the future with or without the proposed project as increasing through traffic volumes on Komohana Street would cause increased delays on the side streets to the point where they become unacceptable to the driving public. Traffic delays on the side streets would increase due to increased through traffic on Komohana Street even if there is no increase in side street traffic volumes. Table 3 shows that these two intersections would be operating at level of service F by 2015, implying the need for mitigation. The two approaches of Kukuau Street at Mohouli Street are forecast to operate at level of service E or better in 2015 as shown on Table 4, implying no need for mitigating measures. AECOM PAGE 15 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT 5.2.2 Total with Project Forecast Komohana Street would have to be widened to four through lanes at Mohouli Street to accommodate traffic from the first phase of project development. The following roadway improvements to the existing roadway would be required to attain level of service D or better: At Mohouli Street • Komohana Street northbound approach — addition of a second through lane. • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a second through lane. • Mohouli Street westbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. The proposed project would require that roadway improvements be made at the Ponohawai Street and Pu'uhonu Place intersections on Komohana Street to provide access to the project site. Komohana Street would remain at two through lanes. The specific improvements which would be required at these two signalized intersections to maintain acceptable levels of service include: At Ponohawai Street • Komohana Street northbound approach — addition of a left turn lane to enter the project site. • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a right turn lane to enter the project site. • Ponohawai eastbound approach — addition of one left turn lane, and one shared through/right turn lane (could be separate through and right turn lanes) to exit the project site. • Ponohawai westbound approach — convert the existing right turn lane to a shared right turn/through lane. • Komohana Street south leg — remove the crosswalk crossing Komohana Street to eliminate the need for a separate pedestrian phase. At Pu'uhonu Place • Komohana Street northbound approach — addition of a left turn lane to enter the project site. • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a right turn lane to enter the project site. • Pu'uhonu Place eastbound approach — addition of one left turn lane, and one shared through/right turn lane to exit the project site. • Pu'uhonu Place westbound approach — widen the approach to have one left turn lane and a shared through/right turn lane. • AECOM PAGE 16 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT • Two alternative design concepts were analyzed for the proposed Pu'uhonu Place intersection. A signalized, fully channelized intersection as described above would be feasible. The second concept utilized an unsignalized intersection with only right turn in, right turn out movements on the project (west) side of Komohana Street and a fully accessible, unsignalized intersection on the existing (east) approach. This concept was found to be infeasible since the east approach would operate at level of service F and require mitigation in the form of traffic signals, resulting in the first design concept. The only way to make the second concept work would be to have right turn in, right turn out movements on both sides of Komohana Street. This may not be feasible for the east approach of Pu'uhonu Place since there are no alternate travel paths for the prohibited movements. Additionally, Komohana Street is not wide enough to provide an area where U-turns could be made downstream. The Komohana StreetNVaianuenue Avenue intersection would not require additional improvements. The Kaumana Drive/Mohouli Street intersection would operate at level • of service C in both peak hours as shown on Table 2 and not require any additional improvements. The roadway improvements described above for the 2015 ambient and • total with project forecasts are graphically shown on Figure 15. 5.3 2020 (Phase 2) Analysis 5.3.1 Scenario with no UHH Mauka Development 5.3.1.1 Ambient Forecast Several roadway improvements would have to be made to the study area roadway network for the 2015 ambient forecast to serve the 2020 ambient forecast without UHH Mauka development scenario as shown on Figure 15. These improvements include: At Mohouli Street Mohouli Street westbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. At Kaumana Drive at Mohouli Street • Kaumana Drive eastbound approach — separate right turn lane (applicable for all 2020 and 2030 forecasts). AECOM PAGE 17 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR WAILANI CENTER - TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT 5.3.1.2 Total with Project Forecast Komohana Street would have to be widened from two to four through lanes up to Ponohawai Street to accommodate the traffic generated from the second project phase. The improvements needed to transform the 2015 total with project roadway system into the 2020 total with project and no UHH Mauka development scenario include: At Mohouli Street • Komohana Street northbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. At Kukuau Street • Komohana Street northbound approach — addition of a second through lane. • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a second through lane. At Ponohawai Street • Komohana Street northbound approach — addition of a second through lane. • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a second through lane. • Komohana Street northbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. • Ponohawai westbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. The addition of the second left turn lanes on both Komohana Street approaches at Mohouli Street implies the widening of both Mohouli Street approaches to include two receiving lanes. No roadway improvements would be needed on Mohouli Street mauka of Komohana Street for the 2020 ambient forecast without UHH Mauka development. The proposed project would add a new intersection to the section of Mohouli Street between Kukuau Street and Kaumana Drive during the second project phase. This intersection would serve a new residential cul-de-sac and should have acceleration/deceleration lanes with a left turn lane on Mohouli Street. The residential cul-de-sac would not generate enough trips to warrant a traffic signal. The outbound movement would. be level of service D in both peak hours without the UHH Mauka development as shown on Figure 4, implying no need for mitigation. n L.A AECOM PAGE 18 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT • 5.3.2 Scenario with UHH Mauka Development 5.3.2.1 Ambient Forecast Komohana Street would need to be widened to four through lanes between Mohouli Street and Ponohawai Street to serve the 2020 ambient forecast with UHH Mauka development scenario. The additional improvements to the 2015 ambient network which would be required at these two intersections to maintain acceptable levels of service are shown on Figure 15. The improvements include: At Mohouli Street • Komohana Street northbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. • Mohouli Street westbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. At Kukuau Street • Komohana Street northbound approach — addition of a second through lane. • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a second through lane. At Ponohawai Street • Komohana Street northbound approach — addition of a second through lane. • Ponohawai westbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. • 5.3.2.2 Total with Project Forecast The additional traffic generated by the second project phase would require changes to the 2015 total with project roadway network to transform into the 2020 total with project and UHH Mauka development scenario. These improvements to serve the Phase 2 project traffic can be seen on Figure 15 include: At Mohouli Street • Komohana Street northbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. • Mohouli Street eastbound approach — addition of a second through lane. • Mohouli Street westbound approach — addition of a second through lane. At Kukuau Street • Komohana Street northbound approach — addition of a second through lane. • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a second through lane. AECOM PAGE 19 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT At Ponohawai Street • Komohana Street northbound approach — addition of a second through lane. • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a second through lane. • Komohana Street northbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. • Ponohawai Street westbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. At Pu'uhonu Place • Komohana Street northbound approach — separate through and right turn lanes. The section of Mohouli Street between Komohana Street and Kukuau Street would need to be widened to four through lanes by 2020 for the forecast scenario with the development of the UHH Mauka Campus. The Kukuau Street approaches would experience increased delays with the increased through traffic on Mohouli Street as shown on Table 4. The level of service F for the outbound movements implies the need for mitigation. The intersection would probably not warrant traffic signals in the future so that left turns may have to be restricted during peak periods. The remaining section of Mohouli Street Extension to Kaumana Drive would not have to be widened in 2020. The residential cul-de-sac on Mohouli Street would be at levels of service E and D during the morning and afternoon peak hours, respectively, with the UHH Mauka development as shown on Table 5, implying no need for mitigation. • AECOM PAGE 20 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT • 5.4 2030 (Phase 3) Analysis 5.4.1 Scenario with no UHH Mauka Development 5.4.1.1 Ambient Forecast The growth in ambient traffic between 2020 and 2030 for both with and without UHH Mauka scenarios would require roadway improvements for both study networks. For the 2030 ambient without UHH Mauka scenario, Komohana Street could remain at two through lanes at Ponohawai Street and Pu'uhonu Place, and four lanes at Mohouli Street and Kukuau Street. The additional improvements required to the 2020 ambient without UHH Mauka development scenario network include: At Mohouli Street • Komohana Street northbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. • Mohouli Street eastbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. At Kukuau Street • Komohana Street northbound approach — addition of a second through lane. • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a second through lane. L� At Ponohawai Street • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a second turn lane. • Ponohawai westbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. 5.4.1.2 Total with Project Forecast Komohana Street could remain as a four -lane roadway from Mohouli Street to Pu'uhonu Place in 2030 with traffic from the proposed project and no UHH Mauka development. The additional improvements required to the 2020 total with project and without UHH Mauka scenario network include: At Mohouli Street • Mohouli Street eastbound approach — addition of a second through lane. • Mohouli Street westbound approach — addition of a second through lane. At Ponohawai Street • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. AECOM PAGE 21 601 December 2009 Wailani Centerr TZAR TZAR At Pu'uhonu Place • Komohana Street northbound approach — addition of a second through lane. • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a second through lane. The turning lane requirements imply the widening of Ponohawai Street to a four lane facility makai of Komohana Street by 2030 with or without the proposed project. In addition, the four through lane design on Komohana Street would have to be extended from Pu'uhonu Place to Waianuenue Avenue. The Komohana Street/Waianuenue Avenue and Kaumana Drive/Mohouli Street intersections would not require additional roadway improvements. The outbound movement from the residential cul-de-sac is forecast to be at level of service D in the 2030 peak with two through lanes on Mohouli Street and no UHH Mauka development as shown on Table 5. A single outbound lane would sufficient. The Pohohawai Street Extension would intersect Mohouli Street during the third project phase. The intersection is forecast to generate a relatively large number of trips as shown on Figures 14 and 14B. With no UHH Mauka development, the outbound movement from Ponohawai Street would be at a level of service E and would not require mitigation. The intersection should be fully channelized with a left turn lane on Mohouli Street. The remaining section of Mohouli Street Extension to Kaumana Drive would not have to be widened. AECOM PAGE 22 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TZAR CJ WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT • 5.4.2 Scenario with UHH Mauka Development 5.4.2.1 Ambient Forecast Komohana Street would require six through lanes at Mohouli Street for the 2030 ambient traffic forecast with the UHH Mauka development scenario. The additional improvements required to the 2020 ambient with UHH Mauka scenario network include: At Mohouli Street • Komohana Street northbound approach — addition of a third through lane. • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a third through lane. • Mohouli Street eastbound approach — addition of a second through lane. At Ponohawai Street • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a second through lane. • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. 5.4.2.2 Total with Project Forecast In order to maintain level of service D operations for the total with project and UHH is Mauka development scenario, Komohana Street would need to be widened to six through lanes at the Mohouli Street intersection. The additional improvements required to the 2020 total with project and UHH Mauka scenario network include: At Mohouli Street • Komohana Street northbound approach — addition of a third through lane. • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a third through lane. At Ponohawai Street • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a second left turn lane. At Pu'uhonu Place • Komohana Street northbound approach — convert the right turn lane into a shared through/right turn lane. • Komohana Street southbound approach — addition of a second through lane. The turning lane requirements imply the widening of Ponohawai Street to a four lane facility at its mauka terminus by 2030 with or without the proposed project. In addition, the four through lane design on Komohana Street would have to be extended from • Pu'uhonu Place to Waianuenue Avenue. The Komohana Street/Waianuenue Avenue AECOM PAGE 23 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR WAILANI CENTER -TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT and Kaumana Drive/Mohouli Street intersections would not require additional roadway improvements. With the UHH Mauka development, the residential cul-de-sac roadway should have separate left and right turn lanes. The outbound left turn is forecast to be at level of service F in the morning peak with two through lanes on Mohouli Street. Widening Mohouli Street to four through lanes at this location would improve the left turn movement's operations to level of service E and negate the need for mitigation. The Ponohawai Street Extension approach at Mohouli Street is forecast to operate at level of service F with the UHH Mauka development, and would require mitigation in the form of traffic signals. The intersection should be fully channelized with a left turn lane on Mohouli Street. The remaining section of Mohouli Street Extension to Kaumana Drive would not have to be widened. 6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS The proposed project would require roadway improvements in the study area to mitigate its traffic impacts. More extensive roadway improvements would be required for the years 2020 and beyond, if the UHH Mauka lands are developed to their full potential. Phase 1 (2015) of the project would require improvements be made at Ponohawai Street and Pu'uhonu Place intersections on Komohana Street to provide access into the project. Komohana Street would have to be widened to four through lanes at Mohouli Street with or without the proposed project to maintain level of service D operations. Phase 2 (2020) of the project would require Komohana Street to be widened to four through lanes from Mohouli Street to Ponohawai Street with or without the UHH Mauka development. Also, the northbound approach of Kaumana Drive at Mohouli Street would need to be widened to include separate through and right turn lanes. The additional traffic generated by the UHH Mauka project would require additional through lanes on both Mohouli Street approaches at Komohana Street and widening Mohouli Street to four through lanes between Komohana Street and Kukuau Street. AECOM PAGE 24 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TZAR WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT • Phase 3 (2030) of the project would have different roadway improvement requirements depending on the status of the UHH Mauka development. With the UHH Mauka • U development, Komohana Street would require four through lanes from Mohouli Street to Pu'uhonu Place and Mohouli Street could retain its two through lane roadway width between Komohana Street and Kaumana Drive. Both project -created intersections would not require traffic signals. With the UHH Mauka development, Komohana Street would require four through lanes from Kukuau Street to Waianuenue Avenue and six through lanes at the Mohouli Street intersection. Mohouli Street would have to be widened to four through lanes between Komohana Street and the new Ponohawai Street extension created by the proposed project. Traffic signals may be warranted to the latter intersection. AECOM PAGE 25 60103623 December 2009 Wailani Center TIAR WAILANI CENTER TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT • References 1. Transportation Impact Analyses for Site Development, Institute of Transportation Engineers, (2006). 2. Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) for FY 2008 thru 2013, State of Hawaii Department of Transportation, (approved Revision 7 April 2009) 3. University of Hawaii at Hilo University Park Expansion Master Plan, PBR Hawaii, Dec. 2005 draft. 4. County of Hawaii General Plan, Appendix A, County of Hawaii, 2005. 5. TIAR China -US Center at UH -Hilo, Phillip Rowell and Associates, 2002. 6. TIAR for Department of Agriculture Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Phillip Rowell and Associates, 2002. 7. TIAR for the University of Hawaii at Hilo Ka Hake `Ula Oke'elikolani Hawaiian Language Building, SSFM International, Inc., 2007 County of Hawaii Fire Administration Support Complex TZAR, M&E Pacific, Inc., 2008 • 9. Hawaii Island Community Development Corporation Mohouli Heights Senior Neighborhood Project TIAR, M&E Pacific, Inc., 2008 10. Letter to Peter Hoffman, Chairman of County Council of Hawaii re: Change of Zone Application (REZ 06-000038) Guy Nakao, County of Hawaii Planning Commission, dated July 23, 2007. 11. Letter to Peter Hoffman, Chairman of County Council of Hawaii re: Change of Zone Application (REZ 06-000047) Malulani, Inc., County of Hawaii Planning Commission, dated July 23, 2007. 12. Letter to Peter Hoffman, Chairman of County Council of Hawaii re: Change of Zone Application (REZ 06-000063) Guy Miller., County of Hawaii Planning Commission, dated May 21, 2007. 13. Trip Generation, Institute of Transportation Engineers, Seventh Edition, 2003. 14. Highway Capacity Manual, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 2000 Edition. 15. Highway Capacity Analysis Program, Version 1, Catalina Engineering, Inc., 2003. 16. 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V) O L Lo r - O O 7 0 Y (O M N to V 7 (A N o M N o r 7 N c O N01 CO Z N O d 0 d 0 N m N O 6. F t m H N N N N M N O F M a 7 a CL C7 rn F H z d c c c c o m o m o m o m V C O U C pi V 0) Y C m d �� d �y D a w w C w w o w w w w N (O Ol CA CC M W W W w G00 N C V co M S O M •� C M •� N d r� (p (p N W W W � J U) a It o m o a L _ >, om W 0 d M r N Cl) r- Y W L c G LL M O CD ca n 0 d Z N 0No M d � J N O + CA + V ], + CO d a� X n c Xao o F o X O c M c a o c Lo J J C J N WCD T o v CN J G z .E Q F- N O O N OLU II II LL II II r~-. II II Z IL M C) F ~ II N ~ ~ N ~ W J J C� J II O 00 J (W F- J F- J F- LU Q J (n oV aaM L o z 11 0 Ll • 11 • J Q Z a Z 0 p D _m r W N m Q Z Q Z L_0 r Lf. W Z W 0 a (O V M M I N � N C L r C V hN O M r - (O C (1) N M r r r M LO, Nt-- M N CO I-- N LO M N m N N W C W (0 (O N O0 M m In N N V N «r- (ncommrn @ It V N (D N d t 0 O Z C NV M N r W N CO C C G CD - (o C r H c o m m w C C C 0 C m L C X C X C X D W W W W W W 0) Q �L d V L c M a C7 T N w F a ++ d N L CL o a M J J Q 2 Y Q W a 2 IL J F 0 F- TABLE 2 O SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE ANALYSIS AM PEAK HOUR with UHH Mauka Development 0 LEVEL OF SERVICE 2009 2015 1 2020 2030 INTERSECTION EXIST AMBIENT TOTAL AMBIENT TOTAL AMBIENT TOTAL APPROACH wl 2 w/ 4 w/ 2 w/ 4 w/ 2 w/ 4 w/ 4 w/ 6 w/ 4 w/ 6 w/ 4 w/ 6 MOVEMENT lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes Intersections along Komohana Street MOHOULI STREET D D C D C F D D C D D E D Mohouli St EB D D D D B F D C C D D E D Left E E E E D E D D D E D D E Through E F D D. C F E C C D D E D Mohouli St WB D E D E C F D C D D D D D Left F F E E E F E E E E E E E Through C C B E C D C A C C C B D Komohana St NB C D C D C E C D C D D E D Left B B C B D F B D D F E E E Through D E D E C F C D C D C E D Komohana St SB C D C D D F C D D E D E D Left C E C F E E D E E E E E E Through C C C C C F C C C E D E D PONOHAWAI STREET D D C D C E C C D D Ponohawai St EB D C - - C D Left E D - - E E Through C B - - C D Ponohawai St WB C C B F D E C C C D Left E E D F F F D E D E Through/right A A A B B A A B A C Komohana St NB D E C D C E C C D C. Left A D - - D E Through D E C E C F D D E C Komohana St SB C D C C B D C B C C Left E F C D C F D D D E Through B B B A A B C A B C PUUHONU PLACE NA NA NA A B NA NA C NA NA C Puuhonu PI EB B A C C Left D C E C Through A A C B Puuhonu PI WB B A D B Left D C D C Through A A C A Komohana St NB A B C B Left A D C E - Through A B C B Komohana St SB B B C C Left A D E E Through B B C C 0 • TABLE 2 SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE ANALYSIS AM PEAK HOUR with UHH Mauka Development • 0 Min separate left tom, tnrougn and ngnt tum lanes on eastbound approach of Kaumana Drive LEVEL OF SERVICE 2009 2015 1 2020 2030 INTERSECTION EXIST AMBIENT TOTAL AMBIENT TOTAL AMBIENT TOTAL APPROACH W/2 W/4 W/2 w/ 4 w/ 2 w/ 4 w/4 w/6 w/ 4 wl 6 w/ 4 w/ 6 MOVEMENT lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes WAIANUENUE AVE B B B B B B B B Waianuenue Ave EB B B C C B B C C Waianuenue Ave WB Komohana St NB B B A A B A A A Left B C A A C A A A Right A A A A B A A A Intersection at Kaumana Drive/Mohouli Street/Ainako Avenue INTERSECTION C C C C. C. C. C` Kaumana Drive EB C C C B B C C Left A A A B B B B Through C C D C C C C Kaumana Drive WB B A B B B B B Left B A B B B B B Through B A B B B B B Mohouli St NB C D C C C C D Left B C C C C D D Through C D D C C D D Ainakoa Ave SB C D D D D D D Left C D C C C C C Through C I D D D I D I I E I E Min separate left tom, tnrougn and ngnt tum lanes on eastbound approach of Kaumana Drive TABLE 2 SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE ANALYSIS PM PEAK HOUR with UHH Mauka Development • • LEVEL OF SERVICE 2009 2015 1 2020 2030 INTERSECTION EXIST AMBIENT I TOTAL AMBIENT TOTAL AMBIENT TOTAL APPROACH w/2 w/4 wl 2 1 w/4 w/ 2 wl 4 wl 4 w/ 6 w/4 w/6 w/ 4 w/6 MOVEMENT lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes Intersections along Komohana Street MOHOULI STREET D E D E D F C D D E D E D Mohouli St EB C D C C C E C C C D D E D Left D E E E E F E E E F F F E Through D E D D D E C D D D D E D Mohouli St WB D E D F E F D D D E E E D Left F F E F E F E E D E E F E Through C D C F D E D C D E E E D Komohana St NB D D D D D F C D D D D D D Left E F E F E F D F E F E F E Through D D C C C E C D D D D D D Komohana St SB D F D F E F C E D E D E D Left C C C C E E C E E F F F E Through E F D F D F C E D E D E D PONOHAWAI STREET C C C D C D C D C D Ponohawai St EB D C - - D E Left E E - - E E Through D C - - D E Ponohawai St WB D D C E D E C D D D Left E E D F D F D E D E Through/right A- A A B B A A C A C Komohana St NB C D C C C D C D C D Left D D - - E E Through C D C C C E C D C D Komohana St SB C C C C C C C C B C Left B C B B E D B E B E Through C C C D B C C C B C PUUHONU PLACE NA NA NA B B NA NA C s NA NA B s Puuhonu PI EB C B C a B a Left D D D m D m Through A A C e B e Puuhonu PI WB C C D C Left E D E D Through A A A A Komohana St NB A B C B Left A D E E Through A A C B Komohana St SB B B C C Left A E E E Through B B C B • • • TABLE 2 SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE ANALYSIS _ PM PEAK HOUR with UHH Mauka Development • is 'with separate left tum, through and right tum lanes on eastbound approach of Kaumana Drive LEVEL OF SERVICE 2009 2015 2020 2030 INTERSECTION EXIST AMBIENT TOTAL AMBIENT TOTAL AMBIENT TOTAL APPROACH w/2 w/4 W12 W14 w/2 w/4 w/ 4 wl 6 w/ 4 w/ 6 w/ 4 w/ 6 MOVEMENT lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes WAIANUENUE AVE B B C B C B C Waianuenue Ave EB B B C B B B B Waianuenue Ave WB A B C. B. C C C Komohana St NB B B C B D A D Left C C B C D B D Right A A C A C A D Intersection at Kaumana Drive/Mohouli Street/Ainako Avenue INTERSECTION B C C C. C* D* D* Kaumana Drive EB B B C B B B B Left B B B B B B C Through B 8 C C C C D Kaumana Drive WB B B C C C C D Left B B B B B B C Through B B C C C D E Mohouli St NB C C C C C D D Left C C C D D E E Through C C C C C C C Ainakoa Ave SB C C C D D E E Left B B B B B B B Through C I D C D D E E 'with separate left tum, through and right tum lanes on eastbound approach of Kaumana Drive TABLE2B SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE ANALYSIS AM PEAK HOUR w/o UHH Mauka Development in Phases 2 and 3 is CJ LEVEL OF SERVICE 2009 2015 2020 2030 INTERSECTION EXIST AMBIENT I TOTAL AMBIENT TOTAL AMBIENT TOTAL APPROACH w/ 2 w/ 4 wl 2 1 wl 4 w/ 2 w/ 4 w/4 w16 w/4 w/ 6 w/4 w/ 6 MOVEMENT lanes lanes lanesl lanes lanes I lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes Intersections along Komohana Street MOHOULI STREET D D C D C D C D C C Mohouli St EB D D D D B E C C C C Left E E E E D E D D D D Through E F D D C F D D D D Mohouli St WB D E D E C E D D D C Left F F E E E F E E E E Through C C B E C C B C C B Komohana St NB C D C D C D C C C C Left B B C B D B B D D D Through D E D E C F C C C C Komohana St SB C D C D D D C D D D Left C E C F E E D E E E Through C C C C C C C C C C PONOHAWAI STREET D D C D C D C C C Ponohawai St EB D C - C - C Left E D - E - E Through C B - B - B Ponohawai St WB C C B F D C C C C Left E E D F F F E D E Through/right A A A B B A B A B Komohana St NB D E C D C E C C C Left A D - D - D Through D E C E C E C D C Komohana St SB C D C C B D B C B Left E F C D C F C D C Through B B B A A B A B B PUUHONU PLACE NA NA NA A B NA NA B NA C Puuhonu PI EB B A C B Left D C D B Through A A B B Puuhonu PI WB B A C A Left D C D B Through A A C A Komohana St NB A B B C Left A D D D Through A B B B Komohana St SB B B B C Left A D E E Through B I B B C is CJ • TABLE 2B SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE ANALYSIS AM PEAK HOUR w/o UHH Mauka Development in Phases 2 and 3 • 0 mtn separate lett turn, through and right tum lanes on eastbound approach of Kaumana Drive LEVEL OF SERVICE 2009 -2015 2020 2030 INTERSECTION EXIST AMBIENT TOTAL AMBIENT TOTAL AMBIENT TOTAL APPROACH w/2 w/4 w/2 w/4 w/2 w/4 w/4 w/6 wl4 w/6 w/4 w/6 MOVEMENT lanes lanes lanes I lanes lanes I lanes lanes I lanes lanes I lanes lanes lanes WAIANUENUE AVE B B B B B B B B Waianuenue Ave EB B B C C B B B C Waianuenue Ave WB Komohana St NB B B A A B A C B Left B C A A C A C A Right A A A A A A C B Intersection at Kaumana Drive/Mohouli Street/Ainako Avenue INTERSECTION C C C W B' B' C' Kaumana Drive EB C C C B B B B Left A A A B B B B Through C C D C B C C Kaumana Drive WB B A B B B B B Left B A B B A B B Through B A B B B B B Mohouli St NB C D C B C C C Left B C C B B B C Through C D D C C C C Ainakoa Ave SB C D D C C C D Left C D C B C C C Through C I D D C C C D mtn separate lett turn, through and right tum lanes on eastbound approach of Kaumana Drive TABLE26 SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE ANALYSIS PM PEAK HOUR w/o UHH Mauka Development in Phases 2 and 3 is 11 LEVEL OF SERVICE 2009 2015 1 2020 2030 INTERSECTION EXIST AMBIENT TOTAL AMBIENT TOTAL AMBIENT I TOTAL APPROACH w/2 w14 w/2 w/4 w/ 2 wl 4 w/ 2 wl 4 w/2 w/4 w/4 MOVEMENT lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes 1w/2 lanes lanes lanes Intersections along Komohana Street MOHOULI STREET D E D E D E C D D D Mohouli St EB C D C C C D C C C C Left D E E E E E D D D E Through D E D D D E C D C D Mohouli St WB D E D F E F D E D D Left F F E F E F E E D E Through C D C F D D D D D C Komohana St NB D D D D D D C C C D Left E F E F E F D E E E Through D D C C C D C C C C Komohana St SB D F D F E F C D D D Left C C C C E C B E D E Through E F D F D F C D D D PONOHAWAI STREET C C C D C C D C D Ponohawai St EB D C - D - D Left E E - E E Through D C - D - D Ponohawai St WB D D C E D- D D C D Left E E D F D E E D E Through/right A A A B B A C A C Komohana St NB C D C C C C C D D Left D D - D - E Through C D C C C D C D C Komohana St SB C C C C C C D C C Left B C B B E B E B E Through C C C D B C D C C PUUHONU PLACE NA NA NA B B NA C NA C Puuhonu PI EB C B C B Left D D D C Through A A B B Puuhonu PI WB C C C C Left E D D D Through A A A A Komohana St NB A B C C Left A D E E Through A A B B Komohana St SB B B C C Left A E E E Through B I B C B is 11 . TABLE 2B SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE ANALYSIS PM PEAK HOUR w/o UHH Mauka Development in Phases 2 and 3 wnn separate ien turn, througn ana ngnt turn lanes on eastbound approach of Kaumana Drive 0 LEVEL OF SERVICE 2009 2015 2020 2030 INTERSECTION EXIST AMBIENT TOTAL AMBIENT TOTAL AMBIENT TOTAL APPROACH w/2 w/4 wl 2 I w/ 4 w/ 2 w/4 w/ 2 w/4 w/2 w/4 w/2 w14 MOVEMENT lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes lanes WAIANUENUE AVE B B C C B D B C Waianuenue Ave EB B B C C B B B B Waianuenue Ave WB A B C C C C B C Komohana St NB B B C C B E B C Left C C B B C E C D Right A A C C A C A C Intersection at Kaumana Drive/Mohouli StreeUAinako Avenue INTERSECTION B C C C. C. D' C' Kaumana Drive EB B B C A B B B Left B B B B B B B Through B B C B B C C Kaumana Drive WB B B C B C C D Left B B B B B B B Through B B C C C D D Mohouli St NB C C C C C C C Left C C C D D E D Through C C C C C C C Ainakoa Ave SB C C C C C E D Left B B B B B B B Through C I D C D I I D I I A I D wnn separate ien turn, througn ana ngnt turn lanes on eastbound approach of Kaumana Drive 0 TABLE 3 UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE ANALYSIS Intersections along Komohana Street • • LEVEL OF SERVICE PEAK HOUR 2009 2015 2015 2020 APPROACH EXIST AMBIENT TOTAL AMBIENT wl2lanes wl2lanes wl 4lanes wl4lanes wl2lanes MOVEMENT AT KUKUAU STREET AM PEAK HOUR Kukuau St WB C E D F Through, Right C D C D Left E F F F Kukuau St EB LTR E F F F Komohana St NB Left A A A A Komohana St SB Left A B B B PM PEAK HOUR Kukuau St WB D F E F Through, Right D F E F Left D F D F Kukuau St EB LTR D F E F Komohana St NB Left A A A B Komohana St SB Left A A A A AT PUUHONU PLACE AM PEAK HOUR Puuhonu PI WB NA w/ Combined Left, Right D E F Komohana St SB Left B B B PM PEAK HOUR Puuhonu PI WB NA w/ Combined Left, Right D F F Komohana St SB Left A A B • • • TABLE 4 UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE ANALYSIS Mohouli Street/Kukuau Street Intersection With UHH Mauka Development LEVEL OF SERVICE INTERSECTION 2009 2015 2020 1 2030 PEAK HOUR EX AMB TOT AMB TOT AMB TOT AMB TOT Approach/Movement w/2 In w/2 In w/2 In w/2 In w/2 In w/2 In w/2 In w/4 In w/4 In MOHOULI ST / KUKUAU ST AM PEAK HOUR Kukuau St Westbound B C C C C E E C C Kukuau St Eastbound C E E F F F F F F Mohouli St Northbound LT A A A A- A B B B B Mohouli St Southbound LT A A A A A A A A A PM PEAK HOUR Kukuau St Westbound C C C D E F F E F Kukuau St Eastbound C C C D D E F D E Mohouli St Northbound LT A A A A A A A A A Mohouli St Southbound LT A A A A A A A A A Without UHH Mauka Development LEVEL OF SERVICE INTERSECTION 2009 2015 20 1 2030 PEAK HOUR EX AMB TOT —2 AMB TOT AMB TOT AMB TOT Approach/Movement w/2 In w/2 In w/2 In w/2 In w/2 In w/2 In w/2 In w/4 In w/4 In MOHOULI ST / KUKUAU ST AM PEAK HOUR Kukuau St Westbound B C C C C C C B C Kukuau St Eastbound C E E E E F F E F Mohouli St Northbound LT A A A A A A A A A Mohouli St Southbound LT A A A A A A A A A PM PEAK HOUR Kukuau St Westbound C C C C C D D D D Kukuau St Eastbound C C C C C C D C C Mohouli St Northbound LT A A A A A A A A A Mohouli St Southbound LT A A A A A A A A A 0 TABLE 5 UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE ANALYSIS New Intersections along Mohouli Street is L LEVEL OF SERVICE WITH UHH MAUKA w/o UHH MAUKA PEAK HOUR 2020 2030 2020 2030 APPROACH TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL MOVEMENT w/ 2lanes w/ 2lanes wl 4lanes w/ 2lanes wl 2lanes AT RESIDENTIAL CUL-DE-SAC AM PEAK HOUR Cul-de-sac WB w/ Combined Left, Right E D C w/ Separate Lanes D C w/ Separate Right B B w/ Separate Left F D Mohouli St SB Left A A A A A PM PEAK HOUR Cul-de-sac WB w/ Combined Left, Right D D D w/ Separate Lanes D D 'w/ Separate Right C B w/ Separate Left E D _ Mohouli St SB Left A B B A A AT PONOHAWAI ST EXTENSION AM PEAK HOUR Ponohawai St Ext WB NA NA w/ Separate Lanes C B B w/ Separate Right B B B w/ Separate Left F D D Mohouli St SB Left A A A PM PEAK HOUR Ponohawai St Ext WB NA NA w/ Separate Lanes D C C w/ Separate Right D C C w/ Separate Left F F E Mohouli St SB Left B B I A is L 0 radix A Traffic Turning Movement Counts 0 n U TRAFFIC TURNING MOVEMENT COUNT WAILANI LLC TIAR LOCATION: Komohana Street / Mohouli Street DATE: Wednesday, September 9, 2009 TIME: 6:30a-8:30a/3:30p-5:30p WEATHER: Clear / Cloudy RECORDER: Carole Darby TO PUNATO HAMAKUA 7.. 8 9 � 1 4 1 S L 10 2 11 3 7 r 12 KOMOHANA ti T NSTREET 4 5 6 MOHOULI STREET TIME MOVEMENT NUMBER PERIOD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9- '10 11 12 TOTAL 6:30-6:45a 20 116 47 15 17 21 40 58 1 0 39 12 386 6:45-7:00a 19 142 65 11 20 21 63 67 0 0 42 32 482 7:00-7:15a 33 144 98 21 24 25 50 82 2 0 39 25 543 7:15-7:30a 30 159 121 23 27 52 28 99 2 1 46 38 626 7:30-7:45a 31 169 116 36 37 48 46 82 4 4 34 42 649 7:45-8:00a 27 136 68 37 43 54 45 92 1 1 53 42 599 8:00-8:15a 29 118 52 19 27 35 25 74 1 0 80 22 482 8:15-8:30a 17 81 37 22 19 13 27 60 3 1 44 22 346 6:30-8:30a 206 1065 604 184 214 269 324 614 14 7 377 235 4113 7:00-8:00a 121 608 403 117 131 179 169 355 9 6 172 147 2417 PHF 0.896 0.797 0.966 0.846 TIME MOVEMENT NUMBER PERIOD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL 3:30-3:45p 38 96 37 46 67 36 44 43 0 3 104 41 555 3:45-4:00p 38 62 33 36 58 22 42 36 4 5 113 31 480 4:004:15p 43 75 39 40 61 22 45 30 2 2 122 39 520 4:154:30p 29 69 34 56 79 36 25 36 0 1 116 28 509 4:304:45p 39 72 45 98 76 21 42 48 1 0 121 31 594 4:45-5:00p 44 81 45 83 75 22 36 42 3 4 126 36 597 5:00-5:15p 46 59 52 61 90 30 38 30 1 1 127 35 570 5715-5:30p 40 62 40 44 71 21 36 34 1 0 12118 468 3:30-5:30p 317 576 325 464 577 210 308 299 12 16 930 259 4293 4:15-5:15p 158 281- 176 298 320 109 141 156 5 6 490 130 2270 PHF 0.904 0.932 0.83 0.943 • • • • • TRAFFIC TURNING MOVEMENT COUNT WAILANI LLC TIAR LOCATION: Kaumana Drive / Mohouli Street / Ainako Avenue DATE: Thursday, September 10, 2009 TIME: 6:30a -8:30a / 3:30p -5:30p WEATHER: Cloudy/Rain RECORDER: Carole Darby TO PUNA AINAKO AVENUE TO HAMAKUA 7 8 9 .J 1 �+ 1 1 L 10 2 11 3 1 l 12 KAUMANA ti T r' DRIVE 4 5 6 MOHOULI STREET TIME MOVEMENT NUMBER PERIOD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL 6:30-6:45a 6 31 60 14 7 5 1 27 8 3 13 5 180 6:45-7:00a 8 66 68 21 23 5 0 42 18 4 9 9 273 7:00-7:15a 12 74 87 11 29 13 5 33 24 16 19 6 329 7:15-7:30a 22 93 89 21 41 12 5 73 46 15 13 4 434 7:30-7:45a 36 112 67 27 56 8 13 70 53 32 20 4 498 7:45-8:00a 26 71 49 26 45 6 10 62 62 14 32 9 412 8:00-8:15a 6 51 43 27 32 5 6 34 7 10 32 6 259 8:15-8:30a 3 49 38 24 12 8 1 37 9 2 23 6 212 6:30-8:30a 119 547 501 171 245 62 41 378 227 96 161 49 2597 7:00-8:00a 96 350 292 85 171 39 33 238 185 77 84 23 1673 PHF 0.858 0.81 0.838 0.821 TIME MOVEMENT NUMBER PERIOD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL 3:30-3:45p 6 31 45 72 40 6 9 39 15 15 48 17 343 3:45-4:00p 6 39 38 52 40 12 6 26 17 19 51 9 315 4:004:15p 6 33 42 49 43 7 6 35 10 21 39 7 298 4:154:30p 5 42 29 65 51 11 13 38 21 19 54 13 361 4:304:45p 4 28 46 64 34 9 7 23 16 12 70 9 322 4:45-5:00p 7 30 45 75 40 6 13 32 5 27 75 11 366 5:00-5:15p 1 27 34 58 51 16 14 42 12 15 49 9 328 5:15-5:30p 6 22 33 63 36 9 9 29 9 12 50 8 286 3:30-5:30p 41 252 312 498 335 76 77 264 105 140 436 83 2619 4:15-5:15p 17 127 154 262 176 42 47 135 54 73 248 42 1377 PHF 0.98 0.945 0.819 0.803 TRAFFIC TURNING MOVEMENT COUNT WAILANI LLC TZAR LOCATION: Komohana Street / Ponahawai Street DATE: Tuesday, September 15, 2009 TIME: 6:30a -8:30a / 3:30p -5:30p WEATHER: Clear RECORDER: Carole Darby TO PUNA TO HAMAKUA 1 . 6 2 Z t 5 KOMOHANA ti r' STREET 3 4 PONAHAWAI STREET TIME MOVEMENT NUMBER PERIOD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL 6:30-6:45a 112 18 4 16 25 35 210 6:45-7:00a 137 34 17 16 28 60 292 7:00-7:15a 146 41 10 32 43 57 329 7:15-7:30a 173 47 19 49 66 59 413 7:30-7:45a 167 46 33 66 82 62 456 7:45-8:00a 180 52 33 72 65 65 467 8:00-8:15a 154 53 30 37 41 61 376 8:15-8:30a 97 33 15 37 43 57 282 6:30-8:30a 1166 324 161 325 393 456 0 0 0 0 0 0 2825 7:15-8:15a 674 198 115 224 254 247 0 0 0 0 0 0 1712 PHF 0.94 0.807 0.87 TIME MOVEMENT NUMBER PERIOD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL 3:30-3:45p 100 32 32 30 39 121 354 3:45-4:00p 100 19 40 34 37 96 326 4:00-4:15p 83 15 55. 37 46 152 388 4:15-4:30p 114 18 53 32 38 96 351 4:304:45p 81 26 66 50 43 140 406 4:45-5:00p 81 17 43 28 24 120 313 5:00-5:15p 67 16 39 34 31 105 292 5715-5730p 58 13 - 29 29 27 89 - 245 3:30-5:30p / 684 156 357 274 285 919 0 0 0 0 0 0 2675 4:00-5:00p 359 76 217 147 151 508 0 0 0 0 0 0 1458 PHF 0.824 0.784 0.832 Is L-A 0 • • 0 TRAFFIC TURNING MOVEMENT COUNT WAILANI LLC TIAR LOCATION: Komohana Street / Puuhonu Street DATE: Thursday, September 17, 2009 TIME: 6:30a -8:30a / 3:30p -5:30p WEATHER: Cloudy / Rain / Clear RECORDER: Carole Darby TO PUNA TO HAMAKUA 1 � 6 2 -1 l 5 KOMOHANA ti r' STREET 3 4 PUUHONU STREET TIME MOVEMENT NUMBER PERIOD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL 6:30-6:45a 121 2 3 1 9 63 - 199 6:45-7:00a 137 16 1 1 3 90 248 7:00-7:15a 154 19 1 1 9 105 289 7:15-7:30a 218 17 2 7 13 114 371 7:30-7:45a 211 23 1 5 15 126 381 7:45-8:00a 193 45 6 6 22 123 395 8:00-8:15a 153 28 11 6 20 101 319 8:15-8:30a 99 40 8 9 18 98 272 6:30-8:30a 1286 190 33 36 109 820 0 0 0 0 0 0 2474 7:00-8:00a 776 104 10 19 59 468 0 0 0 0 0 0 1436 PHF 0.94 0.909 TIME MOVEMENT NUMBER PERIOD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL 3:30-3:45p 105 20 19 26 14 157 341 3:454:00p 105 14 18 19. 6 127 289 4:004:15p 94 18 7 18 10 149 296 4:154:30p 98 11 19 16 6 135 285 4:304:45p 133 5 30 18 10 161 357 4:45-5:00p 116 9 11 12 4 118 270 5:00-5:15p 110 2 17 12 0 112 253 5:15-5:30p 114 2 10 7 0 97 230 3:30-5:30p 875 81 131 128 50 1056 0 0 0 0 0 0 2321 4:00-5:00p 441 43 67 64 30 563 0 0 0 0 0 0 1208 PHF 0.877 0.867 r TRAFFIC TURNING MOVEMENT COUNT LJ _ TO DOWNTOWN HILO KUKUAU STREET LOCATION: Kukuau Street/Komohana Street 7 8 9 DATE: December 13, 2007, Thursday 1 4 TIME: 6:30a -8:30a / 3:30p -5:30p 1 J L 10 WEATHER: Clear 2 11 RECORDER: Robert Miguel (1-6)/Carole Darby (7-12) 3 7 l 12 KOMOHANA -1 T r' STREET 4 5 6 TO DEAD END OF STREET 1 TIME MOVEMENT NUMBER PERIOD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL 6:30-6:45a 1 42 2 3 8 5 2 1 1 1. 127 0 193 6:45-7:00a 1 57 2 6 3 5 10 1 1 1 149 0 236 7:00-7:15a 2 70 4 3 11 9 8 4 3 3 173 2 292 7:15-7:30a 11 74 1 7 10 13 18 3 1 6 188 4 336 7:30-7:45a 9 63 8 6 13 18 22 5 2 4 190 1 341 7:45-8:00a 3 71 5 5 15 14 22 3 2 4 210 4 358 8:00-8:15a 10 75 6 7 5 6 6 5 1 2 170 2 295 8:15-8:30a 2 72 6 6 5 2 3 1 0 7 111 5 220 6:30-8:30a 39 524 34 43 70 72 91 23 11 28 1318 18 2271 7:00-8:00a 25 278 18 21 49 54 70 15 8 17 761 11 1327 PHF 0.933 0.905 TIME PERIOD 1 2 3 4 MOVEMENT 5 6 NUMBER 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL 3:30-3:45p 6 161 10 2 7 6 5 12 1 4 104 5 323 3:45-4:00p 5 129 10 6 7 4 7 10 2 5 105 9 299 4:00-4:15p 4 153 13 1 3 4 6 4 2 1 89 4 284 4:15-4:30p 2 125 15 3 7 8 4 9 1 5 68 7' 254 4:30-4:45p 6 165 17 2 5 5 7 16 0 2 90 10 325 4:45-5:00p 7 146 15 2 7 7 4 10 2 1 102 7 310 5:00-5:15p 7 145 14 3 1 8 6 17 1 2 75 10 289 5:15-5:30p 7 102 14 2 7 4 5 11 3 6 80 10 251 3:30-5:30p 44 1126 108 21 44 46 44 89 12 26 713 62 2335 4:15-5:15p 22 581 61 10 20 28 21 52 4 10 335 34 1178 • PHF 0.883 0.861 TRAFFIC TURNING MOVEMENT COUNT • I TODowNTOWNHILO KUKUAU STRRET LOCATION: Kukuau Street/Mohouli Street 7 8 9 DATE: December 12, 2007, Wednesday TIME: 6:30a -8:30a / 3:30p -5:30p 1 S L 10 WEATHER: Clear 2 11 RECORDER: Robert Miguel (1-6)/Carole Darby (7-12) 3 7 T 12 MOHOULI ti T N STREET 4 5 6 TO DEAD ENDIOF STREET TIME MOVEMENT NUMBER PERIOD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL 6:30-6:45a 7 108 0 1 2 7 0 0 2 0 33 0 160 6:45-7:00a 2 155 1 2 1 9 4 1 1 1 35 3 215 7:00-7:15a 3 126 0 3 6 9 6 4 2 0 39 4 202 • 7:15-7:30a 14 130 2 8 9 15 5 1 0 0 56 1 241 7:30-7:45a 14 99 0 5 8 14 8 1 1 2 54 4 210 7:45-8:00a 9 89 3 4 7 13 10 0 0 1 58 2 196 8:00-8:15a 5 88 1 2 5 10 4 4 0 1 66 6 192 8:15-8:30a 3 73 3 4 5 6 5 3 0 0 42 5 149 6:30-8:30a 57 868 10 29 43 83 42 14 6 5 383 25 1565 7:00-8:00a 40 444 5 20 30 51 29 6 3 3 207 11 849 PHF 0.837 0.921 TIME MOVEMENT NUMBER PERIOD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL 3:30-3:45p 4 67 1 2 6 8 5 6 1 1 79 6 186 3:45-4:00p 1 55 0 0 _ 4 4 11 4 0 1 86 13 179 4:00-4:15p 2 55 4 0 2 5 5 4 0 1 93 6 177 4:15-4:30p 1 46 3 1 3 5 8 4 0 1 108 12 192 4:30A:45p 2 56 1 0 1 6 14 7 -0 0 143 18 248 . 4:45-5:00p 3 65 2 2 2 6 14 4 2 0 119 13 232 5:00-5:15p 5 65 3 2 2 6 15 2 0 0 124 9 233 5:15-5:30p 5 61 1 0 3 7 14 6 0 0 104 13 1 214 • 3:30-5:30p 23 470 15 7 23 47 86 37 3 4 856 90 1 1661 4:30-5:30p 15 247 7 4 8 25 57 19 2 0 490 53 927 PHF 0.921 0.843 TRAFFIC TURNING MOVEMENT COUNT WAILANI LLC TIAR LOCATION: Komohana Street / Waianuenue Avenue DATE: Tuesday, September 15, 2009 TIME: 6:30a -8:30a / 3:30p -5:30p WEATHER: RECORDER: 11 TO SADDLE ROAD TO HILO 1 6 2 7 r 5 WAIANUENUE�I N AVENUE 3 4 F KOMOHANASTREET TIME MOVEMENT NUMBER PERIOD ,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL 6:30-6:45a 49 20 91 34 16 35 245 6:45-7:00a 71 35 90 53 19 38 306 7:00-7:15a 70 37 56 67 16 32 278 7:15-7:30a 139 52 54 59 0 0 304 7:30-7:45a 125 42 91 57 0 0 315 7:45-8:00a 124 47 57 86 0 0 314 8:00-8:15a 64 50 135 65 40 51 405 8:15-8:30a 39 34 56 33 19 41 222 6:30-8:30a 681 317 630 454 110 197 0 0 0 0 0 0 2389 7:15-8:15a 452 191 337 267 40 51 0 0 0 0 0 0 1338 PHF 0.842 0.755 TIME MOVEMENT NUMBER PERIOD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTAL 3:30-3:45p 96 111 80 66 29 75 457 3:45-4:00p 69 44 61 47 44 99 364 4:00-4:15p 87 53 49 44 40 70 343 4:15-4:30p 94 64 71 62 51 78 420 4:30-4:45p 67 94 99 52 53 96 461 4:45-5:00p 65 42 53 43 53 94 350 5:00-5:15p 45 49 62 31 34 68 289 5:15-5:30p 66 49 50 30 32 78 305 3:30-5:30p 589 506 525 375 336 658 0 0 0 0 0 0 2989 4:00-5:00p 313 253 272 201 197 338 0 0 0 0 0 0 5521 PHF 0.879 0.783 0.898 9 0 0 Signalized Intersection Level of Service (LOS) Calculations 0 Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 10115/2009 WOW Wr`jPhas11, .. x.' ., 7 5� ?L._ ' 2a � Switch Phase 29.2% 13.5% 35.3% 8.5% 46.9% 46.9% 10.4% 48.7% Time (s) 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.8 5.5 4.8 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 Le d/Lag, Lags; I ead Lrags ' C1 d R g�± Lag ,Leads; : gyffl�M�Lljlffi � Approach LOS D 0 C C Cycle Length: 127 AClUafBdiC ,..._.__, Natural Cycle 85 Maximum v/c Ratio: 0.89 n ,� x11 r, ern{x `'rz:�3' xr� ttTa!(p Y, twzx a t wnv r 45a a + '�Yfi Rtb g y tiT^�" P� wynr Intersection Intersection Capacity Utilization 84.8% ICU Level of Service E 01i 2009 existing am 10/14/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 Timings 16: ponohawai & Komohana 10/15/2009 ir 4-- ZZU 27.6 27.5 22.0 30.0 4'4pu5�" 521022'0 , 74;0 18.3% 36.7% 43.3% 43.3% 18.3% 61.7% 0.3 Time (s) 4.0 4.0 5.5 Act Effct Green (s) 13.2 29.6 48.2 48.2 701 69.1 �ueueDelay 00 00 00 00 00 00 EWE Approach C D C Cycle Length: 120 Splits and Phases: 16: Donohawai & Komohana E,"shi. 71— -+ 0 T "7T • 2009 existing am 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 11: Waianuenue & Komohana 10/14/2009 etector Phase4 q,.1 2i ti Switch Phase pro u rF- Minimum Initial (S)a'�` �' 'z��,.9:0'•� !0 ���` � W �; ,t��l�� Minimum Split (s) 50.5 50.5 25.5 25.5 _..5.......Y.r._:��s.�..a,.�.,ce1,5 6��3•`�D�v.."19 2�4 S �2 ��-.'�°`; � a�aa-e.a..^.s Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 I Approach • and Phases: 11: Waianuenue & so 0 2009 exissting am 10/14/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 • • Timings .3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St 1011812009 Switch Phase 8.2 29.9 8.2 23.9 8.2 22.5 22.5 8.2 21.6 Approach Cycle I 14.1 m MI Analysis Period (min)15 Splits and Phases: 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St existing am 10/1812009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 ��. +� ``S � il.r... t .+.���v v..� F y`�� 4 f _.i^�^ 3.1_��• � t �s. tee z7 Y _:.bi existing am 10/1812009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Permitted 4 y y a.a sz.5 42.5 9.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 r,otallSg i °ts � Total Split (% 36.1% 11.4% 46.0% 46.0% 10.4% 45.0% y oiiu'iiaT:yiyo _ .- All -Red Times 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 i°vatFT' T .'.: �'� Total Lost Time steer 4.0 55 55 48 -- 5.5 4.8 55 ' '�' 5.5 "' 4.0 5.5 71 nh"yvao:.t��L.�:�.u,S_'SK^" Kul lei 2015 ambient am 10/14/2009 Baseline Synchro7 - Report • Page 1 Timings 11: Waianuenue & Komohana 1011412009 4 2 C A Approach LOS B B m 1Ri� t o It+l lAll e;s 4T Ps,.. `..: 9„., x-1 r-:, R o „x Slits and Phases: 11: Waianuenue & Komohana o2 M 40 40 2015 ambient am 1011412009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 • Timings 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St 10/18/2009 ---* --- r -, t �► 1 Phases Act Effct Green Actuatgd-g7CR vlc Ratio 2 2 6 9.1% 53.4% 9.3% 4.0 5.9 24 485 498 8-1054 055 .16 0.82 0.13 #M 226 e3 NO 0.0 0.0 0.0 ra 8 4 1% 11.6% 27.3% 4a,Q " , 3"7' M 1.5 0.3 1.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 _4.0 5.5 '`'` Lag;?=la" "Lead La d �v _ .meg _9 loge` eg"'O e,, No ie =None' None 21.6 15.6 15.6 27.1 19.9 1XMIM 17 q,17 0`30 g? 022 0.54 0.64 0.14 0.72 0.85 A`6R.sM43.9_ 11 1, ,406r 541; 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 RICO 3 9 11 1 40 6` 541; C D B D D Approach • D • • 2015 ambient am 10/18/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana # I 10/17/2009 --* --*, 7 ~ I i 9.5 )lit (%) 9.0% 33.0% 33.0% Time (s) 0.3 1.0 1.0 ie Adlust`(s)aary�4T gMfO:Q O Q, st Time (sl 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.8 0% 35.0% 12.6% 34.1% 4 5 A5IM 5' 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 Ac[ tuci careen (s) b.!) 1b.5 16 5 14.3 43.8 41.2 31.6 31.5 40.9 30.5 ActuatetlZ6 70043ux041;Ot31r)31040OF30� We Ratio 0.13 0.87 0.46 0.78 0.50 0.39 0.69 0.76 0.64 0.31 CoptiQLDelay,_. �M ,50 8 X51, 6�5 �¢4 5 � 9 6 `214 35.1 yid 18 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 �•� �r r -a-� LOS D E A E B C D B C C A 3roa''ch Dela " ` bx �i36 4s r 'z,35 0 ",r r 27r7m p El", 3 Approach LOS D D C C is 2015 ambient am 4 lanes 10/17/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 Timings 16: ponohawai & Komohana 1011712009 f- `- t P �► 1 Permitted Phases 8 8 4 4 ete6' ' cPhm t. a �• w8t �%4 s sx a en i ak aur a exa Switch Phase Total 27.5 27.5 22.0 30.0 24.0 4 03210 32 0 22'0�54j0 24Q 0% 32.0% 32.0% 22.0% 54.0% 24% _ 4:5 _ 4 5��3 A�-`2 0 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.0 EO 0 30 OO UO� s 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.0 MR ead� t� 9 .. ag Yes ' Malo `Max None`/ TMax���jaz 5.3 29.4 29.4 50.0 49.0 �27 0�32`J,�O}320 54 053s ' .42 0.73 0.41 0.76 0.37 Cycle ai 11 — Natural ano mases: lb: • 2015 ambient am 4 lanes 10/1712009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 11128/2009 --* -. -,* 'r '~ *, t r `► 1 DeteCIQ[Phase Switch Phase 4'_0 4 0 i4 0 a wq pe �,Ms , �, s , U ,a.�; �.,. ��:; .�_ F: 4 0.:. +.�4 0 w 4 0 Minimum Split (s) 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 24.5 .0% 24.8% 24.8% 13.0% 30.8% 10.5% 51.3% 51.3% 10.9% 51.6% Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.8 5.5 4.8 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 VeadlLa9 `'ISt < , Lead > Lag Lag Lead tis V1.La_g L?ead : RIME Act Effct Green (s) 5.5 26.4 26.4 11.7 39.2 73.5 63.7 63.7 76.8 64.6 Confrof Delay i68L1, _ 52 359301 68"9 701 A 4!6 64 9' 18 0 h. 92 7 241 L a x : Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 (Totalgelay" LOS 11.�V%'*IRT§Rfbif�r52'3f..,9'3;��'i689�7�t701� +' A46 r' E D A E E B 649' 760 �"241 E B F C Appriach Approach LOS D E D D Splits and Phases:. 3: mohouli & Komohana 2015 total am 2lanes & partial phl development 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 '(Tr'F'� 2015 total am 2lanes & partial phl development 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 Timings 16: ponohawai & Komohana 11/2812009 -A Phase Queue a 0*11 LOS E C F B A E B D A A Approach LOS D F D C Prot pm+pt Perm pm+pt 4 8 2 P 2 6 8.2 32.5 8.2 32.5 8.2 24.5 24.5 22.0-,-.2.4.0 MX32, 7.5% 25.0% 11.5% 29.0% 6.4% 46.5% 46.5% 16.9% 57.1% 0.3 1.0 0.3 1.0 03 1.0 1.6 0.3 0.5 "0, 4+0 5+5 4.0 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.0 5.7 7.9 11.0 0.28 0.40 1.19 .71 0.08 0.99 0.29 0.73 b`RWMIJW� 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 IV, 0.02 Cycle Length: 130 Ay Nggg Offset: 107 f82%1. Referenced to ohase 2:NBTL and 6-SRTL �iart of Yellow • 2015 total am 2 lanes & partial ph 1 development 10/1512009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 14: puuhonu ext & Komohana 11/28/2009 Tum Type Perm Perm pm+pt Perm pm+pt Perm Permitted Phases 4 4 8 8 2 2 2 6 6 6 gr 6 vfaria.s;@�,usg g All Red Time (s Host Time Adju, Total Lost Time v/c Ratio Analysis Period (min)15 25.0%a 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 8.6% 68.1% 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Splits and Phases: 14: puuhonu ext & Komohana 18.5 102.4 96.4 96.4 0.06 0.25 0.69 0.13 N"r2{3w0NO3 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 Intersection LOS: A 8.2 24.5 24.5 03 10 1.0 4.0 5.5 5.5 0.21 0.49 7 s t -z ,.:® , e^� S.. �f:y?', ,'�-.`,a �ia,:`�,--.5��``ss �.:y_"-r.{-.•,trams. Y�.ri t tad +e5�l.V�-"-� 2015 total am 2lanes & partial ph1 development 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7-- Report • Page 1, Timings 11: Waianuenue & Komohana 11129/2009 Switch Phase 25.5 72.7 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 • TotalDe'lay4pn'.,,'�+;`�,s���46�8�,`y�;,4,r55a,r^;),�`2?5 LOS D A A A Approach LO!1�, .>urA. �",ez. 3%MI.E'a . c S'v`. 1 n erre chon goal Delay 17 9 Intersection LOS: B Analysis Period (min) • 2015 total am 2lanes & partial phi development 10/1512009 Baseline Synchro 7- Report Page 1 Timings 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St 11129/2009 --*-.�*,-- .4\ t r i • ium,tyye- __.._.__.. pm*Pr pm+pt pm+pt Perm om+ot Pemuttee Phases 2 2 6 6 8 8 8 4 4 DetgctorPhase, Switch Phase Minimum Split (s) 8.2 29.9 8.2 23.9 8.2 22.5 22.5 6.2 22.5 ToialSplit{(s)„51.r ti8j9`�48.4,82 477, n 84°,},�226_,,7226,k°, 1D;8' 250! Total Split 9.9% 53.8% 9.1% 53.0% 9.3% 25.1% 25.1% 12.0% 27.8% All -Red Time (s) 03 14 03 14 03 15 15 03 15 LostTLmeAdjust(s)_;�,;-X00.�*�OO�y,��00!,F���UO;�_�,'00 Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 5.9 4.0 5.9 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 Effd Green (s) 43.8 40.1 41.3 36.3 21.1 15.1 15.1 26.5 19.8 uated' ,l atlor,' „+,'„ 0¢4„ }050 , 2051,_, 045 026' 1019,„', 019,},0'33 ,0:25 vlc Ratio 0.18 0.91 0.15 0.24 0.46 0.59 0.13 0.68 0.76 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total'Delay`1 3)Ir.94 , ,35, 2 5 „10.1 "=k K10 5; 1228 9 9x391 ',,.',10 9.. 34 8 43 LOS A D B B C D B C D r to e �-• T P„' to ¢.. h� * K i e- k r+ a r - } x- ct a Approach LOS C B C D Cycle Length: 90 ActuatedCyde Lehgth 80,8x, a' .. ,�. z t a,r ir VfiFl Y a .C_.�J.:.. kS 1 i.;.: _ e ..� 1.:: s, i I if n r .Y e .. a�.5 Natural Cycle 90 Control=Type Actuated Maximum v/c Ratio: 0.91 I itersecUon"Signal Delay 32`1 w " _ Intersection LOS C „ , , ____ , zt Intersection Capacity Utilization 84.3% ICU Level of Service E Splits and Phases: 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St J 2015 total am w/partial ph1 development 1011812009 Baseline, Synchro7- Report • Page 1 Fl� ��. �`t�_..." "J1-. ..__�� � -r. �}%�l RA :ry ,'kms ip: SRF � .A ✓'ia) �� -�Vy��G,.. �e _=y1 ��,� '�vd. ,�..',� �_.:•7 Y' :r=Sno-11.g'.i'_•v ���}({®I'L vYn�".. idle 'T �n al �..ii . J 2015 total am w/partial ph1 development 1011812009 Baseline, Synchro7- Report • Page 1 Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 1112612009 • -,* -V Lane Permitted Phases 4 4 befector Phase "" R.� z d Switch Phase _ "k,�.� M num Spht (s)) 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 Total Split (%) 11.2% 38.2°% 38.2% 12.2% 5.5 Prot custom Prot custom �`y`.V+. S3�F4f e •f`y}"'.r9 ,.. 8 2 2 6 6 W12452sh72 0 X4'0 r40r340c40y�40f 4`0 5 95 325 325 95 245 245 4 136 e325 X32,5,' rx9041� 285„ ;28,5 6 16.0%u 38.2% 38.2% 11.3% 33.5% 33.5% 5�� ��4, 5 rv� �,s1t<4 5 �.4'tr�",4 5 FL.•,3.7�� � �4'51��';i 4`5, 3 0.3 t.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 ` 00_ OQ 5 4.8 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 0.80 75.4% ICU Level of Service ................_ • 2015 total am partial pht development 11/28/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Hu nrcr careen ts/ DAD 0 3 20.3 5.7 29.0 8.2 27.3 27.3 5.7 23.4 23 9 -2 - Actuated,g/C,Rapo ,�i� ? i0 07f 1 0 26m 1,0 26 z 0 07n ,4 0 37G 010` 1 a0 35 "IQ`35 0 07u,,; O'30t`K Or30 , v/c Ratio 010 0.47 0.47 0.80 0.71 0.50 0.73 0.75 0.80 034 004 ControLDelay ;' "<' r„q'395,h65,x,,.628, 399 i_ 283 ;1209, 628;1,_=241;"'. 121 .23:0"` Queue Delay 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 • BQtal,Delay � , � „ �";'�_ _,yix39 5 .� �,25-T n1,� 6 5�,^Fr�62 S+ly 23-0 �, 39 9 •;; ;28 3, LOS 12b 9 �x,628_� 241.x_ _ 121 �w i �,�, D C A E C D C C E C B :4ppf02CtI D818Y.�axoavhC4!xs�kl��" 'r�186w�+«„s" ��,Td„i'{f�r•34�6i"7r�,�,;�,��''2%„2 AGr��.1: `v�;L?,,, �RC;:s��=�,n.a -nr�:l Approach LOS B C C .i�37 D e� clip Cvcle Length: 85 0.80 75.4% ICU Level of Service ................_ • 2015 total am partial pht development 11/28/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 16: ponohawai & Komohana 11/28/2009 vlc Ratio Queue 12.2 6.7 381 381 21.4 57.2 57.2 0.67 0.19 .0.65 0.33 0.72 0.17 0.02 ,' 8 7 �,,: 6.1' 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LOS /B F • 1 S Approach L•� .fl11 LYsi.�LA§RW�.+YSnh',; C 1 'i'Fii =e�i'l: s?Ai" :Y:;`?.9Crr'�ipxYr Rif} NYeY',w"'3�.u..3S{F"4'y 74Ft`efc�'r: }b dPY'fi'"sd�i%rv' kxri Control Type: Actuated -Coordinated M, 6grl ....y. I-.. _..__� . a. fir. ,.. _-raih _ �. �'i:. t .. T F:, w. -L 3x . ..:.5` +```•• ct s`s n.tersection Signal Delay: 26.9 Intersection LOS: C Intersecton a acihh�'Utilizahon 693°k T ICU Level of Service C : .. , ,Y..p, •1:., - .¢i L.*.�.. Analysis Pedod (min) 15 Splits and Phases: 16: oonohawai & Komohana It par-T'3i^ •;-':. ,r--s2-"�r �.i®� , P -S% n. x::' x4. s�.,,a • Is 2015 total am partial phl development 11128/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 Timings 14: puuhonu ext & Komohana 1112812009 • t *-- -,. t 1 IFj Lane Total Lost Act Effct Green Actuated gICR v/c Ratio Perm Perm Prot MEMO SO 4 4 8 8 2.5 32.5 32.5 8.2 24.5 24.5 8.2 24 75 M 32 5 `h 30 0 SES 43'`5" 0 ;I}3j 443!5 1°k 35.1°/% 36.1% 22.2% 48.3% 48.3% ,'gµ1'4 15.6% 41.7 4'i5 ;i 45? 45s c,x37,x45; 45 ;Sr3T;,9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1 00 0'000 00,- 00 _'OOx 5.5 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 ,„a'00 .rw0 4.0 5 Fx i O .n� t 6 6 18.4 18.4 12.2 55.6 55.6 8.4 48.8 0 20 ", 4; 0.04 0.04 0.59 0.44 0.14 0.43 0.33 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.5 wa u A G A D B A D B A Approach LOS A A g g IN-Syban IQs ano Ynases: 14: • 2015 total am partial ph1 development 11/2812009 Baseline Synchro 7 • Report Page 1 Timings 11: Waianuenue & Komohana 11/28/2009 lulu l yp" Term Perm Phases 45.3 v c Ratio 0.76 0.47 0.48 0.42 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total Delay�r's �`vm31 B, U3'7� �ai5 9 M `7r • .... ,.._... .f.-ZM m 8 f. LOS C A A A Approach • •1 tJl 13.0 Analysis Period (min) 15 LOS: B . Ilaianuenue & Romohana v, -�—� a.�.,..,_..�.u-Fz,_'�7�__ _� �� r § �."��.a.; � .� CI 9,,. � i� .`, ., :j[,�Tr+" �'i„�.� . � ✓✓�.� . s ,=�i 2015 total am partial ph1 development 11128/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 • Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 10115/2009 • -,* --* f- *-- t 1 0 .�t �` W r ';+ n 1�•I�SiLL• I�� � � • 2020 ambient am 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St 10/25/2009 Lane Configurations t r T+ + N spa rm—c o""fi nhM. %`.A.-'Pr`F5.' ."1:111i�'�:"}�`�drNl'-t�"sv 'dqF "`.'J�F&X'tr3t�i Q.�iisF:FT 11�-'fl :'V'6ii'(14'.s 9^yS.ri(1 v5� 04`' 7355�aY�d�.fr5�W-41u7 Permitted Phases 2 2 2 6 6 8 8 8 Act Effct Green Actuated g/CSR We Ratio ;Control?,pelay�; Queue Delay 33.7 31.1 0L44 0.1C lox -Yl 5.8 24.2 • 2020 ambient am 10/18/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 • Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 10/15/2009 Lane turn type - rrot custom Prot Dm+ot - Permitted Phases 4 4 8 2 2 2 6 Np,`proagh DelaY? ... NO3U 7, e f ;432 3F 3ME LIIIIIApproach LOS D D C C Cvcle Length: 100 85 • 2020 ambient am 4lanes 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 16: ponohawai & Komohana 1011512009 'e- k t r 1 0 Lane custom pm+pt Permitted Phases 8 8 4 4 ��teeC�;ah e��.:, � r�eL�'�1�7,� fig, • 8 � :�t..� �4,,..f�-�' ��; � '�'.z< Switch Phase 22.0 27.5 27.5 22.0 _ 30.0 24.0 220 270,'�a320?2`0549i" 240 10% 44.0% 32.0% 32.0% 22.0% 54.0% 24% r1150T, Lontrol:DelaY Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LOS D A D B D C �k 23'84 #342 z28°4 r� �� N", Approach LOS C C C 2020 ambient am 4 lanes 10115/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 0 Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 11/812009 • -.-* -• - 4� '- 4N Total 4.0 custom W 4 4 32.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 3f6- -- 21fi 34.2% 34.2% 17.9% 41.9% 4*55x45��5yq '?! 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 custom Prot custom 2 2 6 6 5.5 32.5 9.5 24.5 24.5 35 2 "10'y3 ��33'0330; 37.1 % 10.8% 34.7% 34.7% 53 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 61:, Act Effct Green (s) 5.7 21.7 21.7 12.3 35.1 7.7 29.8 29.8 6.3 27.7 _27.7 - Actua(ed"g/C',Ralio ,, 1:0�06024r 0240"14s039 009 033033007 01;031 v/c Ratio 0.24 0.54 0.70 0.89 0.35 H6 0.92 0.86 0.8 0 64n 011 Control Delay 931 �22=2 _ _ 62'7 9 5 ,52_64417 X30 071 2®3J'017'p Queue Delay 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 OU • TotalDelay'� _ t�N47`9�'?319 222 62"7F;A:95,a52644u1jF300�T1,2i3?017"O%11 LOS D C C E A D D C E C B �PPro7ctl`De)?Yu .e�tt�""284r#'sT 34��0�'389N�)Y Approach LOS C C D D t ase S Cycle Length: 95 I' s:•srvs ..`£ nY_ 3..='f3i..'Ghy ActuatedC cle°Len th�90`�a -,_r `max �ti Natural Cycle: 95 i n �sv "i4 R� fl P+. lS i a�xv °dr,+ a C v r rt " A .d ControlType,Semi;ActUncoprd; "t ?. �.3w.«.,e..Riv :.f+��:ra: a. a2s, Maximum v/c Ratio: 0.92 • 2020 total am low tg 10/11/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 16: ponohawai & Komohana 11/8/2009 --* --1. 4 4N t �► 1 Prot Prot Prot custom Prot custom Phases;;`° '3�...'������".�"�''���nL��?' '�,.•„ "r.��s�-1�`�..�.�..>� Phases 4 8 2 2 6 6 Minimum Split (s) 8.2 32.5 8.2 32.5 8.2 24.5 24.5 22.0 24.0 24.0 focal Split (sja1Q 3s 2833+ 18'036 0 X10 539,739 7,¢24 0�5 .2', �x53?2, '€-0 Total Split (%) 9.4% 25.7% 16.4% 32.7% 9.5% 36.1% 36.1% 21.8% 48.4% 48.4% Time Act Effct Green (s) 6.1 7.9 AcluatetlglC,Rapois � 06';'i�` �OeO vlc Ratio 0.33 0.43 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.5 4.0 55 55 4.0 5.0 5.0 Leeds 'Liag M Lag . Le tl Lag . Lag kCe 72- axx °C Max"+ ine GMaxs C Mez 8.0 44.0 44.0 28.2 66.7 66.7 0 07 �0 400 400„268 0 fit061j 0.33 0.79 0.38 0.72 0.33 0.05 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LOSE C E � B D D B D A A Approach LOS C C C B �. ab Intersection Signal Delay: 27.9 Intersection LOS: C )ritersedtion Ca aci hliza ion 82 4 /o' t sn�u w.P._�Y�l�,°�.��:�r.��!��a_"2 %C(J.Leveoof f�SernceEa,�,� Analysis Period (min)15 Splits and Phases: 16: ponohawai & Komohana • 2020 total am low tg 10/11/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 40 • Timings 14: puuhonu ext & Komohana 12/2/2009 Lane Configurations 1+ Vi + a} :. ra4 :. E- ra,r235 950 125 ' `65 2840 100 "v� v$1 Uolume.(yP-h)... u:h...'�w.:�-25 ��m�;5i�:1��15�r�5,z:.�__ Turn Type custom custom Prot custom Prot custom ,H�ru Permitted Phases 4 4 8 8 2 2 6 6 Deect torPhase r, �,,,y.�3`q��s r�,4 sa4w8� 8 .:_��'•"#�.,5 ;T,x'��2''�'� 23` �, 1 "s� ,�S :''`P6 '�"�",,0�,��xr _. , ir.�.s_.n o�'.`_.7_ �. y,3a.&3:__... rxm. 5 � _�c.....'.i . � .:� ;y....� 't ..,....:1.� _. .•;cz... v/c 20.0 8.0 20.0 18.2% 1 Time (s) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 !st Time Is) 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11 71.8% 10.0% 60.0% 0.5 0.5 0.5 4.0 4.04.0 4.0 4.0 gad` t ��9 i� Lag,�`r _Lead,.. _fag'. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ione C'Mex. ` C Max, ,,;None ,C Max 20.9 85.1 85.1 9.7 71.0 D 19 �0 77_ 0 77 009 „ 4d-66 D.76 0.72 0.13 0.46 0.76 346 2791' 51;t_ X550 ,`22;1 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 42 (38%), Referenced to phase 2:NBT and 6:SBT, Start of Yellow 4.0 is 2020 total am 10/11/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 11: Waianuenue & Komohana —► `t '1 /I 1118(2009 Detector P e4 s 22AME Switch Phase 6% 53.6% 46.4% 46.4% 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 v/c Ratio 0.78 0.68 0.52 0.48 w 47.ut �r::n r�, —.•. -yrty r� r r r n. n G.v ttmae Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 'LAOS D A A A G�PPr02Cfl Delay .94�ME M,',r'� Approach LOS B A Cycle Length: 110 ACtuated,GyClegLength 111U, +Ek ; �� �'•x5 '., ��� �� ����� � � � T-3 r Offset 31 (28%). Referenced to Dhase 2:NBL and 6:. Start of Yellow 13.8 Intersection LOS: B 15 �nlfts and Phases* 11. Maianuenue & Kornohana tia V.e.. .4.:x1 „:::rl _=J® SPY. t', -s .✓s, � ___ _ 'i r_ u:l 2020 total am low tg 10/1112009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 01 • Timings 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St 1012512009 etector'�hase '"`�`'�'A �'� 5' ` 2 � "� � '� •`""�'" '"" � � ' Switch Phase M rnmiirn _ Minimum Split (s) 82 299 299 82 239 82 225 225 82 225 Total Split 13.6% 43.7% 43.7% 11.7% 41.9% 11.7% 32.9% 32.9% 11.7% .32.9% Y,ellowTime All -Red Time (sl 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.3 1.4 0.3 1.5 1.5 0.3 1.5 Lost Time Ratio 0.21 0.61 0.54 0.11 0.29 0.54 0.57 0.14 itr`_`ojDelay&'_ 3 _ . i08 223 s60 " 102 9`2"4 24t3t; 91 Z`6 :ue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ajAAy-TE� x tt 4.0 5.5 LOS B C A B _ B C C A C D ApprgachDelay'�§aN2@ffl_ka: �s136wzv`�1'20249 `4*3?'O��g..�iRrv�x Approach LOS B B C D 11te eh. Cycle Length 70 Actuated C cle Len th ZO` �'� '" fi,Y t�'�` z .• 9_ � ,..��.,���.a.��Z` � a, :.� •' .. 'ems` ..�.,��r' Offset: 0 f0%1. Referenced to phase 2:EBTL. Start of Yellow Intersection Period (min)15 • 2020 total am 1011812009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 10/21/2009 Minimum Total Lost 10.1% 34.2% 34.2% 18.3% 42.4% 15.6% 36.3% 36.3% 11.2% 4°-5 ! ... 17, 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 D C C E C D C C E 5.6 Approach LOS C D C D Cycle Length 95 Natural Cvde: 85 Intersection Capacity Utilization 74.4% ICU Level of Service D R IYA'f!i"A qnlitq and Phases, I- mnhnidi P. Knrrinhnnn 0. 2620 total am low tg w16 lanes 10/21/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 IMP FY.-�-TEJNM ME 0. 2620 total am low tg w16 lanes 10/21/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 Timings • • • • 10115/2009 Lane Configurations m m a 1 t 1 I urn i ype Prot custom Prot Prot Perm not Protected Plhasest'� Permitted Phases`" 6 -,��r a< ;Q 4 4 8 2 2 6 DetectoryPhase.�"�7�r4¢a38 Switch Phase Minimumlmhalr,ls)?f�0�140?L�r 4'0a40� 4:Or «4:�?0i40 4r .'. Minimum Split (s) 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 I otal biont (-/o) 9.1% 31.0% 31.0% 23.6% 45.4% 11.8% 34 9% 349/ -10T/ - 33.60A YellowxTlme,(s)`) 1,13M��gtgl�n 4 5. 4.5' 4r5 4 5 3>7 ' 4YS All Red Time (s) 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 LostwTmeAti)ust'(sJ��,�,,,k.�u�p0,�,,�:0?p��',�0"0�,m00..�e,0 Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 3.3 Ki 4.8 5.5 4.8 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 ncm�twmuteents) ob [4.4 14.4 20.0 436 76 312 312 7.1 299 AetuatedglCRabo,Ot05.-�, D29*�,; [02¢, 0�19�Oi42" �Q7G�!30;=y0T30�ea 007�029�;.:�?�"`���; v/c Ratio 0 28 0 61 0 85 0 97 0.66 0 87 0 87 0 89 0 84 0 99 ContrglDelayk;�G55?5, 38:03y40!3 709'26w4 805449=30x4 77962°6� Queue Delay 00 0.0 00 00 _00 00 0.0 00 0.0 00 • TotalSDelay sca555j+380c 3" 7Q9280j5�•St30'779,�626 A)t LOS E D D E C F D C E E Apprpach'DelaYe�39'4 _ X51'?��443az�65`� Approach LOS D D D E hep , Cycle Lenqth: 105 MM 2030 ambient am 10/15/2009 Baseline_ Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 16: ponohawai & Komohana 10/15/2009 1< 4- t r �► l Switch Phase — ��"�L Minimum Iriibal (s) 4x XIM E 0 40Y�;, '4 0� 4-O fiq Minimum Split (s) 22.0 27.5 27.5 22.0 30.0 24.0 Total 4.0 4.0 1.0 5.5 5.5 54.0% 24% 21cow— ME N, 4 Approach • F nt��l� �- t1701P1��� � a � o.�. z ,h .�..f- ' S 4 Y <, c,., x•rp A Y �b � ��1..^.' i � j� V 4 � � i -) _ Intersection Signal Delay: 37.1 Intersection LOS: D Analysis Period (min)15 a rnomonana 08 • 2030 ambient am 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 Timings 11: Waianuenue & Komohana 1011512009 Switch Phase NWHAN IRS sar Minimum Split (a) 50.5 50.5 25,5 25.5 Ar ,piqN(�hlp—�(lq— Approach LOS C A rnv *P-7--,ttNfN 77 Analysis Period (min) 15 Splits and Phases: 11: Waianuenue & Komohana o2 I -Z* and waft is 2030 ambient am 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 i Timings 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St 10/25/2009 Switch Phase - Minimumintbal�(s);��;��t,�,f„�4:0;��,"�,°4�0f4`0��`�40,,�4`0����,4�00�;,`0��i;4�r"O�fl�4;,0�r'�40 Minimum SpN (s) 8 2 29.9 29 9 8 2 23.9 8 2 22 5 22.5 8.2 22 5 ToialSpfi't°(sz��702 38Eti�388�8�2�38t8�10�025'9�259"�171"?33�0 Total Split Yellow r ine (s). v c ;:7x 4;5 4"S t" R e?� 4e:5 V�3kZ. < ".;' 4?0; 4.0 3 7• 4 0 All -Red Time (s) 0 3 1 4 1 4 0 3 14 0 3 1 5 1.5 0.3 1.5 Losf Time;Atl usN, s � 0'0 `0.0:5 `0 0 0 0 �7 0� 0.0 • 0 0„� �0;,0��0 0��00 ).. (.�� �t�....„.� u....,ankh.[Itdak'45...sx•...t�aS��... y L,:. -i Total Lost Time (s)_ 4.0 5.9 5.9 4.0 5.9 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 Act Effct Green QctuatedglC+R v/c Ratio 0.67 1 32.1 0.16 0.76 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total Delay ; � X14 8 32 9 .- . ¢ ? 155 0 ;; 18v6 a 37 g, 39 B 8731 3��56t9 "ti �r • LOS B C B B B D D A C E�l�• �MProach?Delay` ,i��i0t °a .Cy� 18 ��€w�4? s Approach LOS C B C D r ecb' Analysis Nen00 (min) Ito 2030 ambient am 10/18/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 61 • Timings 3; mohouli & Komohana 1011712009 rviiiiiiuiii .�Nni rar so ac.o a[a y5 3[5 95 325 325 9.5 325 � Total Spllt (%) 9 4% 31.0% 31.0% 24.8% 46.3% 12.0% 33 7% 33.7% 10 6% 32.3% 6Yello'Time (s)�5�4:5_b4 54545 All Red Time (s) 0 3 1 0 1.0 0 3 1 0 0.3 1 0 1 0 0.3 1.0 Lost Time Adtust(s)00,OrQI00�0�0yaa 00`S0.00000000 Total Lost Trme (s) 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.8 5.5 4.8 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.8 24.4 24.4 20.9 44.3 7.8 30.0 30 0 7.1 We Ratio 0.27 0.61 0.85 0.93 0.65 0 85 0 63 0 89 0 84 0 72 Queue Delay 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0.0 00 Total;Delay a`'°�'spm``�_�5q5�"�a�37,_$�k,=a�;d0a161=8�t'X25'475`9'�39�1�296�73���36�8r.h�d '� LOS D D D E C E C C E D��. Approach Lx08 D D D D Cycle Lenqth: 105 Splits and Phases: 3: mohouli & Komohana • 2030 ambient am 6 lanes 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 12/25/2009 -' -► --* 4,- 4% t r 1 r • Lane Turn Type Prot custom Prot 50.7 Prot 43.5 custom Prot 41.5 custom ProtectetlPhases„ ` ;7 0.2, ;920 3" .0.09.'-0.35 5, ,3 0'. ,- v/c Ratio 0.33 Permitted Phases .,E, .. <. 4 4 0.83 8 0.84 2 2 0,16 6 6 Detector�Phase 7 4 :_ ; , 4 •- ' 3' ... "81 ' 5 : 1I' - 2'- " 2 ` : �; . 6 Switch Phase 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 . TotalDelay �6&2 5Q2„� 738 ':_735 Minimum;lnital(s)" ? 40 4.0 } ,"4.0; 77.5'.x. 4:0 4.0 ;,4.6 �,40 4.0.• 40, ; Minimunn Split (s) 9.5 32.5 32.5 "X40 9.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 24.5 ,;40 24.5 TotalSp�it(s) x:10;2 32.0-:r 320 '.300 , 518'. "16.0,';4@0 Approach LOS =49`.0 140.-�;'" 470; 470 Total Split (%) 8.2% 25.6% 25.6% 24.0% 41.4% 12.8% 39.2% 39.2% 11.2% 37.6% 37.6% Yellow,Tme(s)".,;3;7, 4.5'_ 45 45 .' 4:51:` 4.5 45•x', 4`5 -; '3.7 '; 4.5, ' '_45 All -Red Time (s) 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 Lost Time Adjust (s)' =', Q'.0 ' " 0.0 ' 0.0 ;.0.0 .' 0:0' 0.0 ;' 0.0 00 0.0 ' ' D.0 . 0.0 Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.8 5.5 4.8 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 Act Effct Green (s) 6.1 26.9 26.9 25.1 50.7 11.2 43.5 43.5 10.0 41.5 41.5 Actuate¢.g/CRa6o"' ;' . ',0.0. 0.21°. 0.2, ;920 0,4Q� .0.09.'-0.35 0,35:008'; 0:33 0'. ,- v/c Ratio 0.33 0.67 1.00 0.95 0.40 0.83 1.00 0.84 0.79 0.93 0,16 Control D6 68-2" _50:2 .73.8, X735 ,.,15;B: 78.2, 1;664 ",'25,15 7"7.5 € 551;-24:0.• , Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TotalDelay �6&2 5Q2„� 738 ':_735 -15.61 '78.2,- ;664, .';,25:5`" 77.5'.x. 551,," 140 _ LOS E D E E B E E C E E C Approadi Delay61.3 s 46:7, 55.&' , 56 9 Approach LOS E D E E Cycle Length 125 Actuate'Cycle,Cergtl:1253`" _ - Natural Cycle: 125 ConUol,Type: Semi AGt-Uncoord Maximum vlc Ratio: 1.00 Intersection Signal Delay: 55"1 Intersection LOS: E, Intersection Capacity Utilization 91.3% ICU Level of Service F Analysis Period (min),15'--, A 2030 total am low tg 10/11/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 is Timings 16: ponohawai & Komohana 12125/2009 0 -t r' '-- Permitted - • Turn Type Prot Prot Prot custom Prot custom Permitted 1mim m lmtiaP(s) I 4 0 9 0 4.0 4 0 i __4:0 , 4.0 , 4 0 ` =:4.0 �4:0 �4.0; ?, Minimum Split (s) 8.2 32.5 8.2 32.5 8.2 24.5 24.5 22.0 24.0 24.0 39.2% 39.2% 18.3% 46.3% 46.3% 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 5.5 4.0 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.0 5.0 LeadlLag Lead Lag .Lead , Lag ,,,.Lead ; :Lag (. ; Lag Lead . '% .Lag .Lag = Act Effct Green (s) 8.5 12.3 15.9 21.7 10.1 55.5 55.5 17.3 63.1 63.1 Actuated gIC.Ratio: _ 66 i108 0.46 0.46 ;0.14 6531 Q 53: v/c Ratio 0.48 0.73 0.89 0.75 0.48 0.75 0.38 0.71 0.48 0.07 Analysis Period (min) 15 Splits and Phases: 16: ponohawai & Komohana • 2030 total am low tg 10/11/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 14: puuhonu ext & Komohana 12125/2009 Turn Type custom pm+pt Prot custom Prot custom Protected Phases _ 7 3 Permitted Phases 4 4 8 8 2 2 6 6 wm Split (s) 8.0 32.5 8.0 32.5 8.2 24.5 24.5 8.2 24.5 24.5 Split (s) 8°:0 , 32 5 8.0 "=32 5 ll , 26:0 = 63t5'' f 63 5 ;16':0 '; 53.5 :'- 53 9` Split ("/°) 6.7% 27.1% 6.7% 27.1% 21.7% 529% 52.9% 13.3% 44.6% 44.6% vTime(s) „>;3:5 4'5,; 35 `•::45 3:7, 4,5 =`;, 45`; `.37 45 :`.`„4.5 :d Time (s) 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 imeAdjust(s);-, 0:0 0.0^; 0.62 0.10 , 0.0.0A ' , °>;•.<0 0.0 02 LostTime(s) 4.0 5.5 4.0 5.5. 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 Lead -Lag Optimize? Yes Yes Yes Yes Recall tYode one, (Vone a' None' •: Nbne '"Mine; = C4ax `-G=Max' ' None C=Max•- C Max Act Effct Green (s) _ 20.9 18.4 20.9 18.4 19.4 78.8 78.8 10.1 66.2 66.2 Actuated,,glC Ratio ;:i . 0;117 • ,0:15 , 017 q:15, . 0.16 4.66' Q.66' '0::08 - 0,55 vlc Ratio 0.08 0.25 0.06 0.06 0.81 0.52 0.16 0.54 0.62 0.10 ControGDelay - 33017.5} 323 02 ,72.6 ;101 22 85;2,-;-24.6 Queue Delay 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total.4elay -_ 33, 0 17:5 32 3 :; 0 2 72.6', 101 LOS C , B C , A E B A E C A �+PPrAach Delay' 20.9 r, ;12.0 H85 •_ ' 26.1 -{ Approach LOS C B B C Cycle Length: 120 2030 total am low tg 10/11/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 • • Timings 11: Waianuenue & Komohana 12/25/2009 Turn Type Perm Perm Protected Phases-, „ -,. , 4, 2 r Permitted Phases 4 2 Switch Phase Midimum (rntial (s) 4 0 4(0 „ 4 0 Minimum Split (s) 50.5 50.5 25.5 25.5 . 49.2% 49.2% All -Red Time (s) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.5 5.5 Approach • 28 (23%), Referenced to phase 2:NBL and 6:, Start of Yellow cycle: ,80 Splits and Phases: 11: Waianuenue & Komohana • 2030 total am low tg 10/11/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St 10/25/2009 owncn rnase Minimum Split (s) 8.2 29.9 29.9 8.2 23.9 8.2 22.5 Lf 41 (s); a +u1�' rOi2,38 fi'38 "8 X68, 10;0259; Total Split (%) 11.3% 42.9% 42.9% 9.1% 40.7% 11.1% 28.8% All -Red Time (s) 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.3 1.4 0.3 1.5 Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 5.9 5.9 4.0 5.9 4.0 5.5 to] vlc Ratio 0.27 0.79 0.74 0.21 0.38 0.78 0.67 22.5 8.2 22.5 .8 39.3 27.9 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 _ ''' i "1 i i ^r .�'3 .a a 'mss aT"' s re w'�"-" ,y y w �ty� • LOS B C B B B D D A C E �11roach Dela TO ��� 241 ' �"�� u �� X18 5 � � ; , � u "� I��x � PP Y- x �... ,W.,. fat. �;,.,�:.�.�,�,.s�.�� �.� ��'�.;;�i:�82 .... �.�.,s.,�51.�z����> Approach LOS C B D D 2030 total am 10M8I2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 • I LJ Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 11/1012009 Lane Turn Type Prot custom Prot Prot custom Prot custom Protected Phaklli`� 9.9 Permitted Phases 4 4 8 2 2 6 6 0.08 6 6.f.:. Switch Phase 0.78 0.72 a r 40,k' 40 Y'040'. Co Gol Delay' __� 70 3 '4t 5 �i 57,4 67 2 X35 2„ 70 6 _; ,4142 Minimum Split (s) 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 24.5 24.5 Tot815pht(s) W� '„j�9baa X350350 `310'564 ' 170;. ':;450 14`:0 420:: 420 ., .., ,45,0 Total Split (°k) 7.7% 28.0% 28.0% 24.8% 45.1 % 13.6% 36.0% 36.0% 11.2% 33.6% 33I'll.6% Yellow Time (s) 45 '+'4.5 3:7 45':I 45 „k„?a c,t+r37�4"5�;45,`4,5,,,g,45 0.3, All -Red Time (s) 0.3 - 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 Lost'TimeMjtk;(s) ? 00 r OO'! r 00_ 00„�� D �"OO Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.8 5.5 4.8 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 RecallMode�3 Nonea,,None J None +None,`; Max siMax None Max :- Max •None_1None Act Effct Green (s) 5.6 28.6 28.6 25.5 53.2 11.9 39.5 39.5 9.9 36.8 36.8 Actuated, gIC Rall ; 0 21 „,0;43 010 ; 32 32 0 05 n0 23 WWW 0.08 0.30 •;1: 0 30 r , , ,,0 ,'40 . v/c Ratio 0.35 0.62 0.94 0.92 0.76 0.77 0.75 0.85 0.78 0.72 0.17 Co Gol Delay' __� 70 3 '4t 5 �i 57,4 67 2 X35 2„ 70 6 _; ,4142 2 :' 24 8 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LOS E D E E D E D C E D C 0.3, Approach LOS D D D D I. NeeWR Summa Cycle Length: 125 Maximum v/c Ratio: 0.94 Intersection Sigrial Delay Intersection Capacity Utilization 81.9% Solits and Phases: 3: mohouli & Komohana �'<_� �+�.�_>�. '�"'__„,atfi.,.. ._ ��� �'�e\yY�a�t. -- --�n�1 •b.�`: t�..��a` :.=.�'�i .;,S.:x�il :�'��`�%�. LL'�1:-yam t �@ ^d3�."_'�3'."k , i". �,' i "745-� P,iT^� 1T�fi. ,e.�"i{ x'�'_=S�„1T���R'-'�"s" � �.�`�F•,?j. 2030 total am low tg wl6 lanes 10/11/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 10115/2009 -' -• z r *- 4% t �► �• 1 0 Lane Permitted Phases 4 4 8 2 2 2 6 6 Switch Phase 32.5 I otai 5put 9.0% 31.0% 31.0% 23.0% 45.0% 11.0% 33.40/6 33.4% 12 6% 35.0% All -Red Time (s) 0 3 1 0 1 0 0 3 1.0 0.3 1.0 1 0 0.3 . 1.0 Total Lost Time (s) 40 55 55 48 5.5 48 55 55 40 5.5 Lead -Lag Optimize? }?ecall�Mode��;�Noner€ ;tone, ..N no e't):" onone'N no eMax ;MaxNoneAaz+ Act Effct Green (s) 5.5 22.9 22.9 19 5 45.4 37.9 30.4 30 4 41.6 314 J fid C� S Y gcluated glC Rabo0?05� 0231 0 23Oz19 „.0:45 0 37 0w30*� �Oc30„ y0410 3;1 v/c Ratio 0.05 040 0 35 0 96 0.59 0 89 054 0 36 0.37 0'94" Cont{ol;Delay�� '� : Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 F C E Approach �• S C 10.1�q-a���lAfl'�ill)AI�1!'^ � ...ss�M�rG"" � 4"s" x.��✓ �" k'dP i. ', Cycle Length: r _ of Service E 1? t L� 2009 ebsting pm 10114/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 E u Timings 16: ponohawai & Komohana 10/15/2009 4r- 4- x , B . _ p, r'- sn: IM If ""�`.:.`xt:. l9 c' -.LlSell�lhllljl V/C r_I • 2009 epsting pm 1011412009 Baseline Synchro 7. Report Page 1 Timings 11: Waianuenue & Komohana 10/1512009 8.0 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C ,pproach LOS ka 'So` ' 3:4 kms ,.S„°, ..,. Cycle Length: 85 0.80 Level • r � U 2009 existing pm 10/14/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 • Timings 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St 1011612009 t I 1 Switch Phase Total Split (% Yellow Time", All -Red Time LostyTlme>!Ad Total Lost Tir We Rai COnFq Queue 11.7% 29.9 8.2 1.5 4.0 5.9 4.0 22.5 8.2 22.5 23 3t 8t2 52 52 33.3% 11.7% 32.1% 25.8 19.8 19.8 17.9 12.0 0.67 0.36 0.09 0.18 0.60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 VMW e7514'%7 ' _30 6 LOS B B B B C C A B C Approach LOS B B C C 6C. A Analysis Period (min) 15 • existing pm 10/18/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Prot custom Prot pm+pt Perm pm+pt Phases% 5 __ 5�;Z��16 Phases 4 4 8 2 2 2 6 6 Minimum Split (s) 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 9 5 -3i5 H6 9 5 32 5 Total Split (s)� 916 32 532?5-380 58x922 0 611 _'621115;54^5�� Total Split (%) 6.6% 22.4% 22.4% 24.8% 40.6% 15.2% 421% 42.1% 10.6'% 37.6% All -Red Time (s) 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 1.0 1:0 0.3 1.0 Los47meAdjust(s)00r 0Q�0.0,.k�.0:0�t?0�9.� 0i1(�� Total Lost Time (s) 4 0 5.5 5.5 4 8 5.5 4.8 5.5 5 5 4.0 5 5 Lead Lag Optimize? Recall Model � IJone=° None <ag. None dNone` Noi e�None Mazy, W. Niax� ne y ybMax , Act Effct Green (s) 5.6 23 9 23 9 31 3 56.2 71.8 56.6 56.6 61.1 491 AduiORO Rat/o * � ,¢0 04�017k 0 �7; 0 22 y O 4,0 �0 51�t}0 40 0:40 0,43, w0 35 iv� W. v/c Raho 0.23 0.61 0 53 1 02 0 75 1 01 0 59 0.42 0 42 1 05 Controlpelay��i�,�7547�.,�63+2 1�tw3"��.1049� 4'46;v�99.7" 38:6�� 8:6 ��13�6�935 Queue Delay 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0.0 00 00 LOS E E B F D F D A C F • c Approach LOS D E D F Intersection Wicit-VI ,0 2015 ambient pm 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 C� Timings 16: ponohawai & Komohana 10/15/2009 t t P �► 1 —••.•..•rr— P,VY lAffiUIII ___ Permitted Phases _— g g q 27 0,Mf iDelaZl� 1 X 73 g 9 45 2 S 8 21 6 25 2 a Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 •RofaM.P615l ° 3� ry 33P 45x2 148 '216 LOS E A D B C Approach LOS D C _,..,..._... ......� mm.,. ,. ...., . 191!•JS1�111. t If ��� i � �.�i:, � s .. ±±�G�w y "� }y, ��%y �'.r ems,. � .*�'""_.1�'T_, s��'Y'.��t ��!, s.� .a +�..4v�"�t?�`ti'' �+...s y t -ti. �{ •Fy ,3-.. ...� Length:Cycle 11 • 2015 ambient pm 10/1512009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 11: Waianuenue & Komohana 10/15/2009 �z`fli��.� �''" .3A'w M 33v ifF$=.�.rr u�u11M1�➢II%19' V/C ILI Y�t�'�=Idl�it �i i� pi-t;� �+�,`,r.."5': �`���A•^�.� t �,,�„f*: -:., ,'ti4 ��:ymv�z. �-, ,,. r , ��., - .,�. r- ,, 85 0 0 2015 ambient pm 10115/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 is • i Timings 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St 10/18/2009 Minimum 1 Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 5.9 4.0 5.9 4.0 5,5 5.5 4.0 5.5 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total Delay_ K MQti 1x17 �6 6121gy19 8� 31t� 243 6 615.0 3b �;v LOS B B B B C C A B D Approach LOS B B C Intersection Sianal Delav: 23.2 Intersection LOS: C Analysis Period • 2015 ambient pm 10/18/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 10/17/2009 0�, Minimum Split (s) 9.5 32.5 32.9 9.5 32.5 9.5 32.6 32.5 9,5 32.5 TMotalSplit(§)5�9'5�32`532;5` 'k31'8�5g8 _BWQ6`9 489 1 '8'r . Total Split (%°) 8.3% 28 3°k 28 3% 27 7% 47 7% 15 7% 321% 32.1 °k 12 0% 28 4% Yel�ow�ime(s)�,'�,.����"7 4�5���5,� ",5���4'•57�'4.�5�45 �5�?����4x5� All -Red Time 1.0 Lost v/c 0.18 5.5 5.5 4.8 23.2 50.7 45.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 C E C 32.2 38.2 27.4 Approach• • rl,f -:_. Cycle Length: 115 'g sem+ � �°tsr�'� i, ,iCz"��;�X�1�� Natural Cvcle:105 -2015 ambient pm 4lanes 10/17/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 • • Timings 16: ponohawai & Komohana 10/17/2009 27.5 22.0 100- Level of anc enases: io: 2015 ambient pm 4 lanes 10/17/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 1112812009 t -►-v 4,-~. t Nb- t 4 ®may± _ �.." :• z... � i -` -^� r'l r, �`1 3 1., Switch Phase MmimuminiUal�s O40.,+� 40 t��40 ? 40,ss�,=40 40 r` "4040 >�.w 40 40 Via.=. ,P� n a�..F� , Minimum Split (s) 11 32.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 24.5 Total Split (%) 6.6% 22.7% 22.7% .15.6% 31.7% 13.8% 48.1% 48.1% 13.7% 47.9% All -Red Time (s) 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.8 5.5 4.8 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 Act 25.2 17.8 44.1 0 Splits and Phases:' 3: mohouli & Komohana ® ®may± _ �.." :• z... � i -` -^� r'l r, �`1 3 1., �tl�� T0®'iz Is s, ___.`_ k „� 2015 total pm 2lanes 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 16: ponohawai & Komo`hana I 11/28/2009 Permitted Phases DetecEar Phase,',', Switch Phase Prot pm+pt Perm 4 8 2 P 2 Minimum Split (s) 80 325 80 325 82 245 245 220 240 240 Total$plit(s) , `;jz , 190 325`s 220,,'355- +,125 435 + 435 - 220 530- ,53;0 Total Split % 15.8% 27.1% 18.3% 29.6% 10.4% 36.3% 36.3% 18.3% 44.2% 44.2% Yellow,Time(s), All Red Time (s) 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.5 LostTmeAdju`st(s)„ - "DO 0000, Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 5.5 4.0 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.0 5.0 LeadlLag, , _ Lead :Lag ,Lead', _ t' Lag? ' L'ead z>, LagLag > ,Lag Lead -Lag Optimize? 0a01 Mode „ Nonef None None,.'„ None , None C Max : G Max r None C Maz C MaX Act Effct Green (s) 12.4 13.6 18.0 19 2 71.0 66.6 55.6 69.5 55.4 55.4 fctuated,glCRatio' 046 !, 046 ,,,A58 , 0;46 0.4fi v/c Ratio 0.62 0.80 1.06 0.51 0.69 0.67 0.16 0.46 0.92 0.14 ib elay = ry K i Y v 4 4-662 „<353U 1218 x 133 4Q3 325,': 180 130 382 11.9 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 • Total=Delay � ;t,� -16.62 F353��,1218;� 133" x403'' 325.ar 150,��13'0 ,. 382' , 11.9 LOS E D F B D C B B D B Approach • • • 2015 total pm 2lanes 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 14: puuhonu ext & Komohana 11/28/2009 Turn Permitted Phases 4 4 8 8 2 2 2 6 6 6 6,11 Switch Phase 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.5 8.2 27.5% 27.5% 27.5% 27.5% 8.3% All -Red Time (s] F' rMA,d-"' _ JUS Total Lost Time 24.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 Act Effct Green (s) 20.3 20.3 20.3 20.3 88.8 , 83.4 83.4 85.9 80.4 80.4 vIc Ratio 0.46 0.37 0.56 0.17 0.18 0.50 0.05 0.07 0.63 0.04 ConVolDplay 93".,> 3,0;" 37 Splits and Phases: 14: Duuhonu ext & Komohana M NN-NKM M MUM 180 Splits and Phases: 14: Duuhonu ext & Komohana i 2015 total pm 2 lanes 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 0 M NN-NKM M MUM i 2015 total pm 2 lanes 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 0 E Timings 11: Waianuenue & Komohana 11/28/2009 --0. 'V 4�' *-- I*\ � Turn Type Perm pm+pt Over Permitted Phases 4 8 8 Switch Phase RIM N Minimum split (s) 50.5 50.5 22.5 22.5 25.5 22,5 42.1% 42.1% 19.2% 61.3% Time (s) . 1.0 v/c Ratio 0.64 0.56 0.97dl 0.56 0.76 4, Y,� 0�6% I , , "-4, 01"k01A'Irl', 'I' "I Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 LOS LOS ana vnases: i i: • 2015 total pm 2 lanes 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St 1112912009 -' -• r .4\ t `► 1 ;9 20 s _=• s s � tii 5 zs a � � � � t ��E C C A B C r _ it r 4// /. 3..31tia,�'+ a.yh�X::,sn"P1Y';,k"A;x�wr-e`�"y r#`''r'*,avT'_Ji'T"'.'`eWR"�""�w'aryc.�r�.t.1,. •�3�. ck jai .x«3 fN3':k� t 2015 total pm w/partial ph1 development 10118/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 • • Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 11/30/2009 Lane Turn Type Prot custom Prot Prot custom Prot ,a-,f\5N+1 F"' �,,. + 2a`tiA F r `ti 2'^ n ° 'i r*d i 3�4a -�. w� l re n ProteetedPhases��__�,�-;«? '�'�.���-w._, ~��4�'�3wv..�:�,.y��5t�� �. h,�, �1.,� �. �: Permitted Phases 4 4 8 2 2" 6 Switch Phase Mimmumlma(s)0TA 0, 0n„; Minimum Split (s) 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 _ 32.5 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 24.5 Split (%) - - 8.3% 28.8% 28.8% 16.9% 37.4% 21.7% 34.2% 34.2% tiTime(s),,k` ., Fft 37_ 45, X45 EE 45`,�",4.5k, 45,; }ry45h A Time (s) 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 fimeAdtust:�s):. ", r.k0., .';0;0 Lost Time (s) 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.8 5.5 4.8 5.5 5.5 14.5 SL�fYI e - Approach • 4•.. phi°4sm..,l!ilRL0.SURr�7...�a',`3a°.urµysi'e-3�'.t�':ya,°±�`a gr ids:f..%,''73a�1n'�.``-�'�.::�'...`-x, :$S?.-`Z'NM Cycle Length: 115 a: monowi & romonana I �', -- • 2015 total pm 4lanes & partial ph1 development 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Natural Cycle: 105 Contraliype Seml Act Uncoord=;n '� _- . ... t Y a w t, . Maximum v/c Ratio: 0.90 a: monowi & romonana I �', -- • 2015 total pm 4lanes & partial ph1 development 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 16: ponohawai & Komohana 11/28/2009 .,# - 4- .4N Permitted Phases 4 8 2 2 6 6 RiticRo5ifiEfraWFAR U WPAT 322N, 4 PZIIN�Z,16�*411 15.0% 32.5% 16.0% 33.5% 13.0% 29.5% 29.5% 22.0% 38.5% 4`5 , P,' - Time (s) 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.5 st Time (s) 4.0 5.5 4.0 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.0 illiff- IM 0.64 , 0.75 0.71 0.60 0.51 0.38 0.16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 A Approach LOS C D C C Intersection Signal Delay: 27.0 intersection LOS: C �-M: ervice -IC,U Le elp Intersection Capacity ------ Analysis Period (min) 15 2015 total pm 4 lanes & partial phl development 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 0 Timings 14: puuhonu ext & Komohana 11/2812009 Phases Total Lost Time custom Perm RN 4 4 8 32.5 32.5 f';360� 3t'Q 36.0% 36.0% custom MME ., ,2 7.0% 51.0% 51.0% 1.0 1.0 0.3 00,"k00 5.5 5.5 4.0 0 0% 47.0% 1.0 1.0 liq _o:o 5.5 5.5 • 2015 total pm 4lanes & partial pht development 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 v c Ratio 0.37 0.31 0.42 014 0.43 0.30 0.06 0.28 0.38 0.04 Queue 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 •Delay, 'T gta1, Delay,k N , ' 8 9 LOS D A D A D A A E B A ,?ppTgpoh Delay 3 ' Z s ;_ 208, 125 i 12:3' Approach LOS .. ..._y14 ,r B C B ., g • 2015 total pm 4lanes & partial pht development 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 11: Waianuenue & Komohana 11110/2009 rwinnieu rnases 4 S . Switch Phase 50.5 50.5 22.5 22.5 25.5 1% 18.8% 60.8% Time (s) 1.0 1.0 5.5 Act Effct Green (s) 44.6 44.6 61.4 46 6 12 4 Actuatedg/CRaGow0?377037rru051OG39 v/cRatio 0.62 0.56 1.01dl 0.98 0.89 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 • Tota6gelay n fir'-� ��y��� ;��; 35 3 �£5 0w.;3 "� � � ,'� rs,�24 2 't 51'2 ,�tx� 37:0 LOS D A C D D Approach LOS B C 1 t0 • 2030 total pm low tg 10/11/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St 10125/2009 --*- 0 1 'r '*-- '\ f P ti l Lane Configurations fume FOR)20r�1i7�w325S my 5�5� 70a3W�75290 .�ss. ;q, : 60 865 X550 Tum Type pm+pt Perm pm+pt pm+pt Perm pm+pt Protected Phases e Permitted Phases 2 2 2 6 6 8 8 8 4 4 De ect ro Phas' e�� �5 •`2��2 �t fi � 8�»,��;8 ' , . ?,�.�� r'��3 SWtch Phase Minimum�imhal,(@)���•��,'"��4T0� "4°0;4.040'b'���.40:?�4����4r0.�4�0:��h Minimum Split (s) -.,x,4a0z0� 8.2 29.9 29.9 8.2 23.9 8.2 22.5, 22.5 8.2 22.5 TotaliSplif(S).N�?82.�40,Oa 40.08'440)2�90a, 60!0 6 0�*°1_.1f6�326.,? in. Total Split (%) 6.8% 33.3% 33.3% 7.0% 33.5% 32.5% 50.0% 50.0% 9.7% 27.2% Y�ellowTime(s)'y;;t3i�415• a37 4°0 4� 037 40 All -Red Time (s) °s45-37`4.5 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.3 1.4 0.3 1.5 1.5 0.3 1.5 v/cRatio 0.17 0.33 0.49 0.16 0.89 1.03 0.43 0.10, 0.26 0.94 onUol'Delayx1274' '3544=-+ 59:x;26?22574 7Za023T144�1927618 a "' 8 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 I Approach LOS B • • 0 11 2030 total pm 10/18/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana * 1012012009 Lane Prot custom Prot Prot Permitted Phases 4 4 8 2 2 __6____6__ Switch Phase Minimum Split (s) 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 32.6 9.5 32,5 32.5 9.5 24 5 24 5 �otal(Spl(t (WIN ° 18 532¢5 X32 5 �r29`0 . d3 022 0 47 �471�16 4A1 6415; Total Split ("/°) 14.8% 26.0% 26.0% 23.2% 34 4% 17 6% 37.7% 37.7% 13.1 % 33 2%° 33.2% Yeflow7me(s) .54Y5��45�453`, 45 3*.7;';t�4?3j Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 11/29/2009 0 LOSC Total vIc Ratio Queue 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 32 3% 28.3% ' 28.3% 15.7% 35.7% 13.0%-4.8% 44.8 3M' "R45 " 0.3 1.0 1.0 03 1.0 0.3 1.6 1 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.8 5.5 4.8 5.5 5 14�19�11W 0.19 1.01 0.52 0.99 0.66 0.41 1.06 :1123_, 34 1P0 ,,"46 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 �MMMIM Cvcle Lenoth: 115 9.5 32.5 3 ,,A 3% 43.1% 46.0 64.9 44.4 0.75 0.90 0.47 M 0 2020 ambient am 21anes w/o uhh mauka 11129/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 • Timings 16: ponohawai & Komohana 11/29/2009 4 t P L► 1 custom 22.0 4 4 Total Split (%) 16.9% 33.8% 47.7% 47.7% 16.9% 64.6% 190/6 All Red Time (s) 1 0 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.0 -0.3 ,t00, Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.0 Yes • pp •. h L• • l l -i@[ • 2020 ambient am 21anes w/o uhh mauka 11/29/2009 Baseline Synchro7- Report Page 1 Timings 11: Waianuenue & Komohana 1112912009 Minimum E 1% 36.9% 36.9% • Total Lost Time (s) 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 Lead Lag Optimize? Act Effct Green (s) 22.8 22.8 18.4 18.4 ActuatetlglC,RaUo _`:. "'`-'0,43 043..: E'035 U'35 vlc Ratio 0.70 0.38 0.70 0.53 Control Delay , . �:`, � 1R 9 , . _6, Queue Delay 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7ofal. -. Dala 1Z9 2.9f: ' 236` '90 " c s; • u. LOS B A c A B B 5i«,�5 Non,NWII'.<�'a Cycle Length: 8 \. it 'kpllts and 0 0 • q -T 2020 ambient am 21anes w/o An mauka 1112912009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 Timings 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St 11129/2009 18.8 19.6 14.5 19.8 13.8 13.8 22.7 17.2 0.50 0.10 0.41 0.31 0.48 0.12 0.49 0.66 • Queue Delay 7ofeiDb ay , LOS 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 '°, , . ' „11,8 24'8 46 _ 10J' ,149 „15,3 j N'. B c A B B B c g ° Z. ADDrOaoh LOS B B 19 B c .4 Switch Phase Mwnuminitial,(s)•r 40 x,40 40 ' ,40 „40 40 x,40 40 40 r 40w, ? MinimumSplit(s) 82 299 299 82 239 82 225 225 82 225 N, ^82 Total Split (°h) 13.6% 43.0% 430% 117% 41.1% 11.7% 321% 321% 131% 336% 37 4,5• 45 ,3h„ u.40 YellowTime.(s), ;. r' All Red Time (s) 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.3 ;45> 14 _ .37U' , .40 0.3 1.51 1.5 0.3 1.5 lost TimeAdlust:(s),., «,n00„ 0;0 „00 0,0,: 00, ;00 ,00 00,• ,.,._-.;` • ,0,0 , .00 Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 5.9 5.9 4.0 5.9 ,,, 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 ,` 5.5 18.8 19.6 14.5 19.8 13.8 13.8 22.7 17.2 0.50 0.10 0.41 0.31 0.48 0.12 0.49 0.66 • Queue Delay 7ofeiDb ay , LOS 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 '°, , . ' „11,8 24'8 46 _ 10J' ,149 „15,3 j N'. B c A B B B c 00 00 00 A B 0 ADDrOaoh LOS B B 19 B c • 2020 ambient am w/o uhh mauka 10/18/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 121212009 -A 4N 0 - q -k,. - � ,-, aim", 32.5 9.5 32.5 11.2% 38.2% 32.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 38.4% 38.4% 11.2% 38.4% All-KeO !.IT,ejs) 0.3 U 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 Lost TimeAdiust(s)„ >a 0 - 0 :0 Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.8 5.5 4.8 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 23.5 23.5 5.6 32.1 32.6 27.2 27.2 34.2 27.2 0.13 A 0.82 0.45 0.85 0,57 0.43 0.67 0.82 0.74 0.28 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 LOS D D A E B B C C D C Approach LOS C 0 C C rADMEWITUAW IM, Natural Cycle: 85 Control Type, penni M4Uncoord Maximum v/c Ratio: 0.85 Intersect on:Signal Delay 'Intersection bs C Intersection Capacity Utilization 77.9% ICU Level of SerVioe D 0"(m' ),j in 2020 ambient am 4 lanes w/o uhh mauka 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 17/2/2009 • t z f- 4\ Prot Permitted Phases 4 4 8 2 2 6 6 6,..;��o Switch Phase minimum Spur (s) 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 24.5 24.5 Total,so' it (s) 23.2 .14 2, 32 7 32 7 9 5j 28 0^28;0 33 Total Split (%) 11.2% 38.2% 38.2% 121% 39.2% 16.7% 38.5% 38.5% , , 11.2% 32.9% 32.9% , ,0,33..., 0.89 45",45 0.41 All Red Time (s) 0 3 1 0 1 0 0 3 1.0 0 3 1 0 1 0 0.3 1.0 1.0 . LostTiineAdlust(s)'- 1 ',„OQ00, , „00 ,:_, 00, Oi0 , 00, DO _ 0.0',°, p„00 Total Lost -Time (s 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.8 , 5.5 4.8 5.5 5.5 „00 4.0 5.5 5.5 Act Etta green (s) 5.5 23.8 23.8 5.5 30.5 8.8 27.3 27.3 5.5 23.2 23.2 2$ 33 .0.07:: v/c Ratio 0.18 0.83 0.51 0.87 0.69 0.52 , ,0,33..., 0.89 0.81 0.87 0.41 0.04 Cpntrof0elay 414 41,8; 24>i 408 "-_375, Queue Delay 00 r„92._744 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Total Delay, 414 • 41,8 92z,F744 2`1 408 374`' LOS D D A E C D D C E C B ApproaehDelaY :'.. 29 0: r ; 4.r 34 3 >':. ;41 3 , , Approach LOS .. _. -; .. , , ._ , C .39 D C D Cycle Length: 85 vlc Ratio: • 2020 total am w/o uhh mauka 10111/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 23.1 533 0 0;26 0.59 0.37 0.72 0.23 14'6 t30„5f 58 0.0 16- ponohawai & Komohana 0.0 1112912009 ' .Tum Tvoe Prof Prot `Prot custom Prot custom 8.2 32.5 8 82, 1% 34.1% 11._1 190-45r? 32.5 8.2-- 24.5 3.1% 10.6% 30.3% 0.3 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 4.0 5.5 4.0 M 0.78 0.70 0.28 650t"'158 : 40;.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 E 1.0 D.1$ 5.5 6 22.0 24.0 24.0& t.4% 44.2% 44.2% 35.3 23.1 533 0 0;26 0.59 0.37 0.72 0.23 14'6 t30„5f 58 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 21 �q2 .�.u5' Y� "C'' ^v'�o. './a� �r J t_asi.� a�.�....�.=.n ��• Cycle Length: '1 Intersection LOS: C • 2020 total am w/o uhh mauka 10/1112009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 Timings 14: puuhonu ext & Komohana 121212009 Turn Type custom custom Prot custom Prot custom �° �..,}".�r�,. ��� ' S ��_ 1t. �,.,,.. �roteetedPtiases,:�, 4 _.?s",.�I_� ,. ,�� �...,. � ..,``� �' v{.� . s _•r� . « a ..,.x�=.�' Permitted Phases 4 4 8 8 2 2 6 6 4 etectoraPhase ,'�r mw�.5.,« , -IN . Switch Phase Switch �_" t�3' -f'p'°Yfr'fN.vFY tR`.`7p 01, 40 Minimum Split (s) 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 B O 20.0 20.0 .0 20.0 20.0 T_o_o",tal Spht (s) 20 0 20;0 .8 20 0,_ i, 20 0 30.0 ' 60 0'r 60 0 10 0 ;; 50.Q 50 0 Total Split (%) 22.2% 22.2% „ 22.2% 22.2% 22.2% 66.7% 66.7% 11.1% 55.6% 55.6% Yellow Time(s)._; +,35 `,35 3'S„ 35,5,,_ 35 h35 x'35 3V&K,x _i „r. ,s..i35 All -Red Time (s) 05 05 .; ,,,35 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 Lost TimeAdlust'L).h.. i{.. t;, 00, 00 00_, q0, Q.Q'': .-0_0°,f Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Act Effct Green (s) 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 18.2 69.2 Ruated,"AA at(o vic Ratio 0.25 0.41 0.16 0.18 0.71 0.71 Contr'"olDelay ;43,8 ;, 17,8 407 .210,,, Oueue Delav 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.13 0.0 4sT Yes Yes (min) 15 • 2020 total am w/o uhh mauka 10/1112009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 bx Approach t •+:h d ', �•. „ F1 . y""`v^_.•{)4 r �_" t�3' -f'p'°Yfr'fN.vFY tR`.`7p %P M� *ss" MizY vv'""'Ti'�.%.}YC (min) 15 • 2020 total am w/o uhh mauka 10/1112009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 11: Waianuenue & Komohana 11129/2009 -10. "Ir l" Permitted Phases 4 2 Switch Phase LOS C A A A Cycle Length: 90 Analysis Period (min)15 • • 2020 total am w/o uhh mauka 10/11/2009 Baseline Synchro 7- Report . Page 1 OffsetReferenced to phase 2 NBL and 6., Start of Yellow Control Type: Actuated -Coordinated Ratio Q 77 Y ` Maximum"vlc 4 Intersection Signal Delay: 12.7 Intersection LOS: B Ir terseCGon'Capacity Utflizatlon, 68,7% ICU Level of Service,C , T Analysis Period (min)15 • • 2020 total am w/o uhh mauka 10/11/2009 Baseline Synchro 7- Report . Page 1 Timings 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St 11/29/2009 �etectgrPhase .� Switch Phase Mmlmdminlhal(s);, 40,k Minimum Split (s) , „`, ,40 8.2 29.9 29.9 8.2 23.9 8.2 22.5 22.5 8.2 22.5 '29 0 8 2 :; 22 5` 22 5 a 0=r 23_3 PROM ,_ _9 Total Split (%) -13.6% 43.3% 43.3% 11.7% 41.4% 11,7% 32.1%° 32.1% 12.9% 33.3% All -Red Time (s) 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.3 1.4 0.3 1.5 1.5 0.3 1.5 Lost TmeAdlust,(s)';; ..100 _„-00. 00, `00 ',- 00, 00 00, 00 0:0; 0.0 Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 5.9 5.9 4.0 5.9 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 Act Effct Green (s) 35.5 31.3 31.3 32.1 26.9 18,6 13.1 13.1 25.0 22.5 Actuated gIC Ratio r 0 51 0 45`; 46 0'38 0 27'<' 019. ,.'019 0.36`, , 0 32 v/c Ratio 0.21 0.55 0.43 0.09 0.28 0.04 0.62 0.15 0.66 0.62 ortro,Delay27,4; 263 Queue Delay 00 0.0 00 00 00 00 00 00 0.0 00 Total Dela 10 3 19.4, Y �. -6 *i 98 .'.,122."' ,�08. =-39` .-82 274 263 lt`, LOS Approach LOS ..ear a'n£,>a..�v°'�v'r �'%'.�.�.�. wn.'r" ,-"'f •�".. • 2020 total am w/o uhh mauka 10/18/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1. i Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 450e` 280 '`)',1200 175 190r 800, 570 ` 185)",y 315; 'r , , k, Turn Type Prot custom Prot Prot Perm Prot 1?rotected 11/2912009 -' -►-V r' -h t ..T . ,. �► 1 Lane Configurations tT r 1) T* +? r 0 450e` 280 '`)',1200 175 190r 800, 570 ` 185)",y 315; 'r , , k, Turn Type Prot custom Prot Prot Perm Prot 1?rotected Permitted Phases 4 4 8 2 2 6 Detector Phase '"' ;`.. 7 j... 8 ..T . ,. Switch Phase 44. 40„' 40, 40, " Minimum Split (s) 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 32.5 9 5 32.5 Total,Split(s)` „ 95 325 k 3257 2:124 1/354, A t,, 44.1 441 .._ .. ," Total Split (°h) 9.5% 32.5% 32.5% 12.4% 35.4% 1H%44.1% 44.1% 11.0% 39.3% YellowTime,(s) s, 3 7 4 5 `,°5 4 {' All Red Time (s) 03 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 10 0.3 L9stTirde�dlust(s),' �a,QO00 UO r�00X0:0 X00 , r Total Lost Time (s) 40 55 5548 55 48 55 55 40 55 CeadlLag Lead ', *Lag , xLagj, Lag, Lead Lag, ;lag Lead °Lag ,Lead, . ,_ , Lead -Lag Optimize? recall Mode n None None,;* None,.,,None None 'Max Max None ' =Max _, ,None , . Act Effct Green (s) 5.5 22.2 22.2 7.6 31.1 10 0 38.7 38.7 7 0 X-9 Actuated gIC Ratio :0 08 , =t).33 ,.5 v/c Ratio 016 656 0.53 0.79 0.76 0.57 0.61 0.88 0.80 0.28 ironUohpelay ;;486 71 S 65T 34:9 48,1 ,,254 "351 68:1'`230, �xr' + _354�T .__:__ Queue Delay 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 notal 44)ay ' 46" 35 4 _ 716,s85 7 34:9, t 481 "25 4 351 681,'i r 23'0 k+ • LOS D D A E C D C D E C ech.,4eleY �� z, 251 X45.1, �P 39 0 31 7 ..' ....,: . Approach LOS C D C D Cycle Length: 100 Actuaketl,CycleLengtf 955,' = `; � *,' , 1 , - Natural Cycle: 85 Coptrol Maximum v/c Ratio: 0.88 lnterseotonSignal Relay 33,7 , . , Intersec5on LOS C Intersection Capacity Utilization 77.6% ICU Level of Service D 2030 ambient am w/o uhh mauka 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 Timings 16: ponohawai & Komohana 12/3/2009 • ,c • I urn I VPe Dr+OV Custom Prot Permitted Phases 8 8 A DeteciorPhase, Switch Phase Minimum Split (s) 22.0 27.5 27.5 22.0 30.0 24.0 pht te"00111, Total Split (%j 20.0% 40.0% 38.2% 38.2% 20.0% 58.2% 22% Yellow-Tlme,(s) „ ; ;3 7 4 All -Red Time (s) 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.0 L'ostTineAd/usl(sjE -00 _„00 `,,,00,.3 Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.0 11.5 26.8 39.2 39.2 1 v/c Ratio Gmtrol-C Queue D LOS • Approac• • Cvcle Lenath: 110 0.0 0.0 0.39 N nomonana • 2030 ambient am w/o uhh mauka 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 11: Waianuenue & Komohana 1112912009 Turn Type Perm Perm 80 Ratio: ICU Level of Service D . lits and•Komohana --xi 2030 ambient am w/o uhh mauka 1011512009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 Timings 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St 11129/2009 4e --- 4\ t r` `► 1 64,40f Phase -.ti F�ur�., ✓+'..,,, _ ,. a..Yx^wt _,,.., :Li_x.h SS... � c._ ,:_'�w., r _ .+...h ,. r 2a,.,�u Switch Phase Minimum Split (s) 8.2 29.9 29.9 8.2 23.9 8.2 22.5 22.5 8.2 22.5 25,,<..,.90;, 233„ Total Split (%o) 13.9% 43.3% 43.3% 11.7% 41.1% 11.7% 32.1% 321 % 12 9% 33 3% Approach • -111 1 Maximum v/c Ratio: Splits and Phases: 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St • 2030 ambient am w/o uhh mauka 10/18/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 ACI ttta (s) 24.3 20.4 20.4 21.1 161 1.4 0.3 1.4 0.3 1.5 1.5 0.3 1.5 vlc Ratio 0.27 0.74 0.52 0.11 0.42 0.38 0.52 0.13 5.9 4.0 5.9 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.6 Approach • -111 1 Maximum v/c Ratio: Splits and Phases: 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St • 2030 ambient am w/o uhh mauka 10/18/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 ACI ttta (s) 24.3 20.4 20.4 21.1 161 20.4 14.5 145 231 17.8 `green Actuatedg'IC vlc Ratio 0.27 0.74 0.52 0.11 0.42 0.38 0.52 0.13 0.59 0.71 ControlDelaY4 F 111,9_ 264. ;46` :107," 15,:7 256,, W 221„!., fr,w „''171,,,; Queue Delay 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 TofalCDe`lay ; ; , '17`9' 26 4 y` ; 4 6 ,- 10f7 ' X15 7 171 r 2 6 ,w7 7 30;5 LOS B C A B B B C A n ,221 C C Approach • -111 1 Maximum v/c Ratio: Splits and Phases: 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St • 2030 ambient am w/o uhh mauka 10/18/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 11/2912009 Total Queue 24.5 Ait (°k) 9.5°h 32.5% 32.5% 12.2% 35.2% 17.1% 43.9% 43.9% 11.4% 38.2% 38.2% 0.04 Tlme(s) 03 10 _ 10 03 10 03 10 10 03 10 1.0 00 bb" OO,...�Q s;...00 0.�,:; 00 0,0 ist Time (sl 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.8 5.5 ., 4.8 5.5 _QO 5.5 . 4.0 5.5 5.5 22.2 74 30.9 11.0 0.1,2 0.63 0.81 0.44 0.60 38.5 7.4 34.1 341 1):40,,, 008 0.89 0.81 0.40 0.04 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 359,`,68_¢:_",254',_148`�+ D E �) • 0 B ✓^4 y:p »^^a. t> '-'3 I r c++sP a?"- s5- 'm'xn "=J '^"YFYw £� a: i�g��'-,� m o19317�4 • ,,.'ka�..r�E, a�i',�.€',� _n�.$..�`_*._,. .-E. a.�u1 �", z?�S�x�� ,. i u��: zs ,..-.,p^',c n+'*.ir :��f; .n .�.u`-�'r,3 nalysi Penod {mfd,lb a Cnlilc nnrl Phncoc- 3- mnhni li R Kmmnhnnn 2030 total am 4lanes w/o uhh mauka 11/29/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 Timings 16: ponohawai & Komohana 12/3/2009 -.4 --o. r Permitted Phases 4 8 2 2 6 6 DetectorA ""W Switch Phase m6m I h 2,4 6 '00" 4'r - . ...40 "40 - Minimum Split (SI 8.2 32.5 8.2 32.5 8.2 24.5 24.5 22.0 24.0 24.0 Total Split Yellow Time All -Red Time (s Lost Time 'Ad- ' _Ju! Total Lost Time -0.3O.b 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.31 1.0 1.0 4.0 5.5 4.0 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 45.9 v/c Ratio 0.62 0.66 0.75 0.72 0.41 0.54 0.36 0.64 0.25 0.07 • Queue Delay 't��­24 P6 a 0.0 N' 6. 0.0 0.0 0.0 J,9 ,�594_W .6 16 0.0 0.0 0.0 �99 ;',240 0.0 H 0.0 0 LOS E B E B D C A C B A q PY,41 p6,_qch b" I' �, e, Approach LOS C "I'', . , - . Of; C C B Rnlifiq and Phnqp..q, 1R, nnnnhawni F Knmohnna LIME ME M7__�7TSMI, 111111M is 2030 total am 4 lanes w/o uhh mauka 11/29/2009 Baseline Synchro7- Report Page 1 Timings 14: puuhonu ext & Komohana 121312009 --* -• *- 4N t 1 Lane Permitted Phases DetectorRhase . Switch Phase 8.0 32.5 8.0 32.5 8.2 8.8% 36.1% 8.9% 36.1% 21.8% All -Red Time Is Oost Tim6 Adju Total Lost Time Lead -Lag Optimize? Yes Yes Yes Yes recall Motle7 _ n , ,None None :._None None, Act Effct Green (s) 21.7 20.0 20.9 18.4 gctuatedglC Rago Oi24 0 22 r; 0 23 ` „02Q; vlc Ratio 0.06 0.18 0.05 0.05 custom Prot custom 2 .�. 2 6� 6 A.5 24.5 8.2 24.5 24.5 0'08 ,0 45 � `0:45 2919 9% 43.9% 11.1% 33.2% 33.2% 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 „4:5 1.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 P rw rr 1.5 . 7.3 40.6 40.6 57 0'08 ,0 45 � `0:45 .17 0.56 0.48 0.11 3'8 ,.566 233 '6;4, 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 8 56;6 23 3,>,,'.' fi.4 LOS B B B A D B A E C A Approach`l)elay _ ; 12 3 6 7, 21 2 FNS. . Approach LOS B ,„ , . A C C Cycle Length: 90 Actuated,Cycle Length; 90 Offset: 0 (0%), Referenced to phase 2:NBT and 6:SBT, Start of Yellow Natural oycle Control Type: Actuated -Coordinated *mumwlcRatio 9.79_ z, ,ti , Intersection Signal Delay: 22.0 Intersection LOS: C Pubersection Ca paatj,.,_zation 65.&% , ; Leyel'of Service C' Analysis Period (min) 15 Solits and Phases: 14: nuuhonu ext & Komohana • 2030 total am 4 lanes w/o uhh mauka 11129/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 . FNS. • 2030 total am 4 lanes w/o uhh mauka 11129/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 . i i Timings 11: Waianuenue & Komohana 11/2912009 Permitted Phases 4 2 Phase 50.5 50.5 25.5 25.5 Total SolitN 56.1% 56.1% 43.9% 43.9% Time (s) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Queue Delav 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LOS Approach • loo �u,�. a� .o-7 �.: rY �' .4 �.��u'�. .�» .k,:�•a „�__,,,M rti—, �m„'y�w `4.3,.,. -s": , PF>�.. ,:x n,�.,� M;. is 2030 total am 4 lanes w/o uhh mauka 11/2912009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 3: Kaumana Drive &.Ainako St 11/29/2009 Tum Type pm+pt Perm pm+pt pm+pt Perm pm+Dt Permitted Phases 2 2 2 6 6 8 8 8 4 4 DeteCtOr!Phi v wi „e$- ?�f ...F� I'll r. _,..: t.,., . k.i�� 5 :t � 2 x 2 Switch Phase . Minimum Total Time AK 13.9% 43.7% 43.7% 11.7% 41.6% 11.7% 32.7% 32.7% 11.9% 32.9% 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.3 1.4 0.3 4.0 5.9 5.9 4.0 1.5 Act Hot Green (s) 32.8 28.6 28.6 29.4 24.3 23.1 17.0 17.0 25.3 18.1 Actuat@G gIC Ratio , 0'47. ;0`41 0 41 , -a:;0 42 035"„ , 0 33 ;',,0 24„ , 0 24 ,q.36, v/c Rafio 0.24 0.63 0.53 0.10 0.34 0.61 0.58 0.13 0.67 0.89 Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total'Delay 2881 "„ LOS B C A B B C C A C D Approach LOS B B C D 11.. Cycle Length: 70 eeatuated C Ge Leri tfi 70 � a e. fa �� il�R+-r E� i.. ._ 9.�_.. sa+. {':.�.. �.ihx_v�> ..'Fo Offset: 0 (0%). Referenced to ohase 2:EBTL. Start of Yellow Intersection Signal Delay: 23.7 Intersection LOS: C Intersection Capac!iy:,U66za6on�71'0°l0 , , , ` , " .„ ICU Level of SerwceG�,` Analysis Period (min)15 • 2030 total am 10/1812009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 11/2912009 • --* , 4,- +- 4\ • Prot custom Prot Phases 4 4 We Cycle Length 145 „ gcluated Cycle,Lerigth 142 2 °' xr 2 6 6 32.5 9.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 32.5 325��'350, ��579`"a 220��f607 ' „_607 2.4% 24.1% 39.9% 15.2% 41.9% 41.9% 145_i345, 45 " 45' 45 14:;5 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 ,i- 5.5 4.8 5.5 4.8 5.5 5.5 5.5 24.0 24.0 30.2 55.3 72.8 0.17 1,017 ,t�021 0'39 `0.51; 0.64 0.57 1.10 0.80 1.06 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 63.1 32.5 38.3% 1.07 96:3, 0.0 • 2020 ambient pm 2lanes w/o uhh mauka 10/1512009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 16: ponohawai & Komohana 11/29/2009 custom Permitted Phases 8 8 4 4 Switch Phase Minimum Split (s) 22.0 27.5 27.5 22.0 30.0 24.0 Total Split 22.0% 44,0% 31.0% 31.0% 22.0% 53.0% 25% All -Red Time (s) 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.0 Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 50 AWIM Lag Al Lead-Lag Optimize? Yes Act Effct Green (s) 18.0 29.8 31.7 31.7 49.0 48.0 9' '4`,612-'- 03 Z, 149 48 v/c Ratio 0.93 0.31 0.74 0.25 0.52 0.75 1 b 96 ay.,, 2"'� ,t, -,a ___ _11(-,-,,, "?7". Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 (total DOC • LOS E A D B B C XF Approach LOS D C C Maximum v/c Ratio: 0.93 iritersgetion Signal Delay 33 9, Intersect nLOS: c Intersection Capacity Utilization 57.5% ICU Level of Service B Analysis 2020 ambient pm 2 lanes w/o uhh mauka 10/15/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 • Timings 11: Waianuenue & Komohana 11/29/2009 z 4�' �, �► Perm Permitted Phases 4 8 8 ..._.—._. `-.`.,.8.,..;2 Switch Phase Minimum Split (s) 50.5 50.5 8.0 TotallSpkt,(s). t -r 505t,a M., 'vt8.d Total Split (%) 53.2% 53.2% 8.4% Act !d Time (s) 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 imeAdlust(s);,w, OO",. 00,wuk00.. 00 0-0 0:0 Lost Time (s) 5.5 5.5 4.0 4.0 5.5 5.5 Lag Lag Lagw Lag Optimize? Yes 0.72 0.51 49UN 0.0 0.0 0.77 0.29 0.0 0.0 27>1 2.3 C A Approach OS IAA4J-l�Y ° @ lel° 1! d@. �S�r 't c kv'r.?r"` r y h: 'm&.i�. Y `tt rv,wcix-•5 '�` Sit: ...1 5 "'-,"tm.C.; Intersection Capacity Utilization 94.3% ICU Level of Service F AdalysiaPenotl (mm)15 r i dl Defacto Left Lane Recode with 1 though lane as a left lane. Splits and Phases: 11: Waianuenue & Komohana • 2020 ambient pm 2lanes w/o uhh mauka 10/15/2009 Baseline .-Synchro7 - Report Page 1 Timings 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St 11129/2009 -�* --► 'i 'r .-- 4N t �' �► l Minimum Split (s) 8.2 29.9 29.9 8.2 23.9 8.2 22.5 22.5 8.2 22.5 10.9% 40.4% 40.4% 10.9% 40.4% 18.7% 37.6% 37.6% 11.1% 30.0%. 1.5 Time Lead Lag Optimize? 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 )fotalDelay_ �'-� 14:7 �, 985;:` 4,1 =, T18` 205;;„^, 351 242%n.. 64 �?ecall M1rYode rs �, Bone t�-Mm C Mi0 j, None F Min",_ None,n ;Nome None None ;None r = " � a ,,.�'� Act Effct Green (s) y 33.8 „ 29.5 29.5 35.0 31.3 30.6 22,4 22.4 19.4 , „< 13.6 Actuated;'gICRaUov;-` Om45„� 09.-,_„039, 0�2� 041„ 030','0.30 026 s. Approach LOS 047 B C C ,a We Ratio 0.06 0.22 0.38 0.09 0.53 0.83 0.44 0.12 0.20 0.68 Queue Delay 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 )fotalDelay_ �'-� 14:7 �, 985;:` 4,1 =, T18` 205;;„^, 351 242%n.. 64 150. ; 361 ¢ �; ���� _, , = „ ,. ,,y • LOS B B A B C D C A B D Approach LOS A B C C Control Type Actuated Coordinated Intersection Signal Delay 21.9 Intersection LOS C Intersection CapacatyUhlvatioq 70LeVgl of Sernce,C Analysis Period (min) '16 2020 ambient pm w/o uhh mauka 10/18/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 121212009 Lane IVur Turn Prot custom 1 TT f 't TR Dt Perm pm+pt 5' , •! 2, i lrir'9J ,6, 2 2 2 6 6 Minimum Split (s) 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 Yotal$pllt Adtuafed,g/C"Ratio D O6 , 0:23 , 0 22 ';,„013 0;37 0.45 0 34"';0 34 0;41 „ 0 31 3 v/c Ratio Total Split (%) 10.0% 34.2% 34.2% 17.1% 41.3% 14.1% 36.9% 36.9% 11.8% 34.6% Y_ellow_Time,(s) 37 4,5 *° {; 682,.,_369! 246 '59 All -Red Time (s) 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 LdstTmeAdjust(s) 00 „ ,.0;0,,, 00 , `,, 00,•; .00 6.0,!... 00 00;.; , 8 6 68 2, 36 9 51 6 ' 24 6 ! ' 5 9, Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.8 5.5 4.8 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 Lead/Lag Lag ,- Lag Lead , 'Lag ,lead LeaG Act Hot Green (s) 5.6 19.8 19.8 11.6 32.6 39.4 30.0 30.0 36.3 27.7 Adtuafed,g/C"Ratio D O6 , 0:23 , 0 22 ';,„013 0;37 0.45 0 34"';0 34 0;41 „ 0 31 3 v/c Ratio 0.14 0.48 0.46 0.92 0.82 0.89 0.38 0.54 0.38 0.63 Control`Delay '',+,, 455,_.33'0 {; 682,.,_369! 246 '59 Queue Delay 00 00 „8,6, ,516::` 00 00 00 00 00 00 ` _183 00 00 Total:Delay • A5 5 '33.Q+ , 8 6 68 2, 36 9 51 6 ' 24 6 ! ' 5 9, ' 78;3 30 F LOS D ,„ C ,; A E D D C A „ B C Approach21 0 Approach LOS C D C C • Maximum v/c Ratio: 0.92 Interse'ctiomSigttalDelay 32 ; y: Intersection LOS: C' Intersection Capacity Utilization 80.4% ICU Level of Service D Analysis Penod (min)) , 2020 ambient pm 4lanes wo uhh 11/2912009 Baseline Synchro7- Report Page 1 Lane Configurations I t F 1111 To 11 ft F 11 ft F olume;(yph)„r j :. r „20 X90. `x,.220 ;380 380, x,+ 275, 635.. 285 ;,_1A35 *;,15 e 4y355 ,g Turn Type Prot custom Prot Prot custom Prot custom 5 Permitted Phases 4 4 8 2 2 6 6 4,'::,�:;. 4`.�?�.__.$� Switch Phase MT�imuminitral(s) Minimum Split (s) 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 24.5 24.5 TotelSplit(s),„. 9 s , r, 32,5_,'325, 80?„409, 15.0,_.,381 38`1 16,4,.„'395,, _t9`6 „395 Total Split (%) 9.1% 31.0% 31.0% 17.1% 39.0% 14.3% 36.3% 36.3% 15.6% 37.6% 37.6% All Red Time (s) 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 10 "0.3 LostTimeAdlust,(s),; 00'., Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.6 5.5 4.8 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5.T ,9,_. Lead,.. . P13".,,._Lead ._.` Lag ,,;Lag .7 Lead .Lag " .La9 Lead Lag Optimize? Recall (vjode 1 r gNone ,,None _ Norse `E, IJone None r Max Max None , ,, „ F , ,None „ Act 6ct Green (s) 5.6 25.0 25 .01, 13.2 39.2 110.21-133.I 331 1.2.0'"'"34-l"", 341 gcluatetlglCRafio_; vlc Ratio 0.23 0.46 0.43 0.94 0.88 0.88 0.61 0.50 0.78 0.96 0.03 Contrp4Delay 537 368.'° 81 g 736x"45-`8 734 ' 329 '„ z3: 7 , r Queue Delay 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7otalDe)ay, 537-f368 8,1'., 75e6,10 458 7344x329 53 588`, 537s`N304 LOS D D A E D E c A E D C 45a 9 x9Ap5., Aooroach LOS C E c D GonW(7ype SemrRct,Uncoord Maximum v%c Ratio, 0.95 2020 total pm w/o uhh mauka 11/29/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report ' Page 1 Timings 16: ponohawal & Komohana 12/212009 Prot custom 4 8 2 2 6 6 Minimum Total Split (%) 18.0% 35.5% 15.0% 32.5% 16.3% 27.5% 27.5% 22.0% 34.2% Yellow_Time(s), All -Red Time (s) 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.5 Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 5.5 4.0 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.0 5.0 Lead/Lag {ead Lag Lgad ,Lead L AM t* L Lead -Lag Optimize? Act Effct Green (s) 13.2 22.4 10.9 20.1 12.2 32.6 32.6 15.1 36.0 36.0 gctuated glc vic Ratio 0.79 0.88 0.80 0.65 0.70 0.40 0.20 0.71 0.68 0.28 Control Delay 8 , 59 7 36 .1, 21'.'5 • Queue Delay 0,0 0.0 00 V 0.6-, 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LOS E D E C D C A E D C Ap stay, Approach LOS D D C D Cycle Length: 100 Referenced to phase 2:NBT and 6:SBT, Start of Yellow .qnIitqand Pha.qP.q, 18-nnnnhnwniP.Knmohann • 2020 total pm w/o uhh mauka 11/29/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 M: E'l ��< ERGs =10-7ma, • 2020 total pm w/o uhh mauka 11/29/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings • Page 1 14: puuhonu ext & Komohana 1.0 1.0 1.0 121212009 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 Lost,7ima„9':0 Lane Configurations 0.0 if ►I 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 4.0 800' r y 5.5 Turn Type custom custom Prot custom Prot custom Lag 'i Lag . Lead ;Lag Lead -Lag Optimize? Permitted Phases 4 4 8 8 2 2 6 6 Recall Mode None ,None None , None , NoneC Max, , E Max None -C Maz Act Effct Green (s) 21.5 21.5 21.5 21.5 Switch Phase 62.5 62.5 5.1 55.2 Actuatedg/C Raho„i` , .,, „ 3 0;22 Mimmuminibal(s) , ` ; 44,? 40 40, . 4,Q 40 .........0 44.;,.,40 v/c Ratio Minimum Split (s) , ,.;,40 32.5 32,5 32.5 32.5 8.2 24.5 .40 24.5 8.2 .. 24.5 24.5 0.09 Total Split {s) 32 5 ;` 32.5 y32 5 11;2 591 ; 591. 8;4 5,6 3 56 3 X51 Total Split (%) ,32.5 32.5% 32.5% 32.5% 32.5% 11.2% 59.1% 59.1% 8.4% 56.3% 56.3% ; 28:9', Approach LOS C C C C Cycle Length: 100 Pctuated Cycle Lgngtli 100 Offset: 18 (18%), Referenced to phase 2:NBT and 6:SBT, Start of Yellow Intersection Signal Delay: 26.1 Intersection LOS: C (nterse`dtion Capacity'Uhllzation.93 2%, ;ICU Level of SeNc Analysis Period (min)15 2020 total pm w/o uhh mauka 11129/2009 Baseline • Synchro7- Report • Page 1 All -Red Time (s) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 Lost,7ima„9':0 0.0 Total Lost Time (s) 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 Lead/Lag } af. �_ _ " . �s . , Lead Lag 'i Lag . Lead ;Lag Lead -Lag Optimize? Recall Mode None ,None None , None , NoneC Max, , E Max None -C Maz Act Effct Green (s) 21.5 21.5 21.5 21.5 8.3 62.5 62.5 5.1 55.2 Actuatedg/C Raho„i` , .,, „ 3 0;22 0 22 . 0 22. *,,#22 22 „ 0 08 0,62 r;` 0 62 Q¢ , , O , 0, 55 v/c Ratio 0.63 0.58 0.59 0.17 0.74 0.61 0.09 0.42 0.85 Control -Delay X51 17.5, 50 2 0 7 71 5 171 : ' 4 0 fi37 ; 28:9', Queue Delay 0.0 , , 0.0 0.0 , „ti; 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total 7 . 71.5; 1718 9; LOS D B D A E B A E C Approach LOS C C C C Cycle Length: 100 Pctuated Cycle Lgngtli 100 Offset: 18 (18%), Referenced to phase 2:NBT and 6:SBT, Start of Yellow Intersection Signal Delay: 26.1 Intersection LOS: C (nterse`dtion Capacity'Uhllzation.93 2%, ;ICU Level of SeNc Analysis Period (min)15 2020 total pm w/o uhh mauka 11129/2009 Baseline • Synchro7- Report • Page 1 • • Timings 11: Waianuenue & Komohana 1112912009 'I-* 41� 4N /01 Permifled Phases c 4 8 �0tectoNPhase'f11 ix riuA� 4 zg 4i"- Kai �� d x.° p° r3i v i tip �d�S r P M� » k F"rSkF ^ � ���KNr'r�`%a�°i�p Green (s) 31.8 31.8 46.1 41.9 vlc Ratio LOS C A C E C Approach • 2020 total pm w/o uhh mauka 11/29/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St 1112912009 -' --N► ---v .4\ -t `► 1 vlc Ratio Control,_i Queue C gpproachDelaY'w;�'..��r,3i"'e`�+.�ry?42a�?t��'�".�'x Approach LOS B C C C ra m Maximum Intersection Sianal Delav: 24.1 Intersection LOS: C Analysis Period (min)15 LIZ 2020 total pm w/o uhh mauka 10/1812009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 • • Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 11/29/2009 95 325 325 95 325 95 325 325 9.5 325 9 5 ,j fi345 34 5 '3w `23 0, . ,; 46 0 17 5 ' d 381 381 C 14:9„ * 4 6% 31.4% 31.4% 20.9% 43.6% 15.9% 34.6% 34.6% 13.1% 31.8% Lost Time (s) 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.8 5.5 4.8 5.5 We Ratio 0.17 0.27 0.50 -0.80 0.82 0.75 0.43 0.45 0.56 0.74 ,Control Delay Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LOS D C A D D E C A D D Approach Delay, Approach LOS C D C D v/c Ratio: 0.82 n Signal Delay 37 2,; n Capacity Utilization 78.1% SnfiLs and Phases, 3* mohouli & Komohana ICU Level of Service D 2030 ambient pm w/o uhh mauka 11129/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 HER ...1i ' ori- n_,. l_x - x,J.,^z+:��'-..rz.f 2030 ambient pm w/o uhh mauka 11129/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 16: ponohawai & Komohana 121312009 4- t ,� 1 • Phase Total Split (%) Yellow Time,(s)± All -Red Time (s; ��st Tine Adjus Total Lost Time LOS pt+ov custom pm+pt 5:2:.1 ` �, :.;', •:Z 4.::,�-. :,`2( ,x_,17 _ _' 8 8 _ 4 4 0", 40,F,.0 22.0 27.5 27.5 22.0 30.0 24.0 2.0% 44.0% 32.0% 32.0% 22.0% 54.0% 24% 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.0 4.0 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.0 Lead Lag slag Lead Lag; Yes Uone Max °`;Max ,•None Mex. -.'''Ped' 14.2 22.8 36.0 36.0 50.1 49.1 U1$ 024" 0.64 0.39 0.84 0.22 0.40 0.79 A D B B c 24.T D c rnases: io: pononawai a sn . • 2030 ambient pm w/o uhh mauka 1112912009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 is Timings 11: Waianuenue & Komohana 1112912009 Protected Phases s, q a4, 30 ; ,,8'.. *, 2'E r 23 s G., ; NIL, Permitted Phases 4 8 8 Switch Phase t" 50.5 59.4% 59.4% 9.4% 68.8% 31.2% 40.6% Approach Delay st4 6 s , r s. 14 2 tfi 7 s, Approach LOS B B . .. _B . .. �._. 67.4% ICU Level of Service Splits and Phases: 11: Waianuenue & Komohana • 2030 ambient pm w/o uhh mauka 11/29/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Timings 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St 0.11 0.30 11/2912009 0.77 0.97 0.47 0.12 0.26 0.91 Lane Configurations Queue Delay F+ Uolume;(vph) ' "20, "170„ mow ,563,,,il238 00 Turn Type pm+pt Perm pm+pt pm+pt ,u5;2, 0,0 00 00 Perm pm+pt 1f•9,254s" _i49-:969 35:5 ',56,3 '•;238 52 170'~661 ,. .; LOS B C Permitted Phases 2 2 2 6 6 8 8 8 4 4 DetectorPhese ^' _"`� : 2z :� 1 .E3 ami 7 - 4 ..� . , , ,..? _ Approach LOS . ,w _.. Switch Phase C D E Minimum Split (s) 8.2 29.9 29.9 8.2 23.9 8.2 22.5 22.5 8.2 2i6 ), 8<2 + 331 w83 332; 260 ^-388 98 tfbtalSpjt(s Total Split (%) ,,,,331 �, 9.1% 36.8% 36.8% 9.2% 36.9% 28.9% , 43.1% ,38;8 43.1% 10.9% 25.1% Yellow Time (s) *'_,,, 45 ,_r 45�, 37 4 i., 37_, 40,,,�,4�O 3T', All -Red Time (s) �,.;�3�7 Q 03 14 14 03 14 03 15 15 09 15 �ostTime.Adl4st(s).- �� �Q�O 00�„ OQ'.4>. 00 00, ,00 Total Lost Time Is1 , _00 _ ,.00 ,. , . , „_. 4.0 5.9 5.9 4.0 5.9 4.0 ...% 5,5 5.5 4.0 5.5 Act Effct Green (s) 34.9 29.8 29.8 36.7 331 43.7 34.8 34.8 23.3 ActuatedglCRapo, „t , 0,39,,, 0,33;';,,033 r .1041 „ 037` ,0,49 ,,;0'39 0;39 0:26 v/c Ratio 0.11 0.30 0.40 0.14 0.77 0.97 0.47 0.12 0.26 0.91 Contral`QelaY 49,'169 ,35.5,'. 17x0;;,661' Queue Delay ,,,16,9';,254'' 00 00 00 00 ,563,,,il238 00 00 00 ,u5;2, 0,0 00 00 Total Delay 1f•9,254s" _i49-:969 35:5 ',56,3 '•;238 52 170'~661 ,. .; LOS B C A B D E C A B E APProach33:4, ;;401. Approach LOS B C D E Intersection Capacity Utllrzafi Analysis Period (min)15 2030 ambient pm w/o uhh mauka 10/18/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 Timings 3: mohouli & Komohana 11/29/2009 r -� r `- 4N t 1* `► 1 Lane Configurations 11 T'P F 11 • Maximum v/c Ratio: 0.92 )nter'sgction Signal_Delay 43 8, ?,Intersection LOS Intersection Capacity Utilization 78.9% ICU Level of Service D Analysis Period (min) 15„ _: '` „ ._. 2030 total pm w/o uhh mauka 11/29/2009 Baseline Synchro7- Report Page 1 Tum Type Prot custom Prot Prot custom Prot Perm ;w Permitted Phases 4 4 8 2 2 6 6 Detector Phase Switch Phase Minimum Split (s) 9.5 32.5 32.5 9.5 32.5 40 9.5 32.5 32.6 9.5 24.6 24.5 Total°Spltt(s) ';- K,,,,_, `x95w;" 325,_ 325 230 `°460 ,`1901 548 = 548_j 197,x,555 ,455,1; n Total Split (%) 7.3% 25.0% 25.0% 17.7% 35.4% 14.6% 42.2% 42.2O% 15.2% 42.7% 42.7% All Red Time (s) 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 0,3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 Cfo` oneAdlhst(s)�„00,,, X 00 Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.8 5.5 4 8 5 5 5.5 4A 5 5 5.5 LeadlLa Leatl Lag , Lag Lead , ,Lag !L'-ead Lag .: ,_ Lag , Leatl , ;Lag _9 Lead Lag Optimize? Recall=Moder„„ ;, ti None Npne,a None= ne None .None t,y Max„ w Max Norie r.n M,ax Max Act Effct Green (s) 5.5 231 231 181 42.3 141 51.2 51.2 13.9 50.2 50.2 v/c Ratio 0.21 0.35 0.58 0.92 0.58 0.88 0.53 0.36 0.67 0.89 0.03 • Queue Delay 00 0.0,00 00 00 Total Delay 66 6 _ ,, 46. 6:5. „ ' 7L8 4 , 33 9' LOS E D B E C 3 4 3 640 x 4515 00 00 00 00 00 00 E C A E D C approach Delay s Approach LOS C D D D Cycle Length: 130 • Maximum v/c Ratio: 0.92 )nter'sgction Signal_Delay 43 8, ?,Intersection LOS Intersection Capacity Utilization 78.9% ICU Level of Service D Analysis Period (min) 15„ _: '` „ ._. 2030 total pm w/o uhh mauka 11/29/2009 Baseline Synchro7- Report Page 1 Timings 16: ponohawai & Komohana 26.8 13.5 39,8 39.8 12.9 1112912009 t --,, 'r ~ 4N t `► 1 _x024 _`",012 0.65 0.76 Lane Configurations tt r M tt r Volume(vph) ... ; Ma.s'` 1:39„w70^ 3d0,•,,, {85 6,295 , „560 f,.120,, , ,320 895 _`:,, y1,15 ,k, `, ; €_'_ - r. Turn Type Prot Prot Prot custom Prot custom Permitted Phases _ 4_ 8 2 2 6 6 Phase 32.5 8.0 32.5 8.2 24.5 24.5 22.0 24.0 ,z36'9,'�,17Q-, =;370 ,17:4 ,, 350• ;;350 220 ,,;39:6 32.7% 15.5% 33.6% 15.8% 31.8% 31.8% 20.0% 36.0'/0 Total Lost Time (s) 4.0 5.5 4.0 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 5.0 5.0 Act Effct Green (s) 11.5 25.5 12.8 26.8 13.5 39,8 39.8 12.9 39.7 39.7 �ctgat�dglCRa6o r �, 023::• 036 ;0..72"< 0_36;; � �"„, ,e„0',10 ,0.12,', We Ratio 0.77 0.92 0.82 _x024 _`",012 0.65 0.76 „ ,036,; 0.48 0.21 0.59 �_g36' ,�• ,*'?.r' 0.76 0.21 Controf_DelayE741ra,41fi 114, ,,,,-• Queue Delay 00 0.0 00 .,592 00 00 „305 _ 00 00 ,x662',,108LL,w', 00 00 00 TotabDelay 741 41 6 64 6 R.4 59:2 30 5 _ 114 66 2 , r 26 6 f 10 8 LOS E D E C E C B E C B Approach LOS D D D C Cycle Length: 110 ActuatetlCycle.1.Length Offset: 4 (4%), Referenced to phase 2:NBT and 6:SBT, Start of Yellow Actuated -Coordinated Intersection LOS: Snlitc and Phaaas• 16- nnnnhnwni R Komohana C, 2030 total pm w/o uhh mauka 11/29/2009 Baseline Synchro 7- Report • Page 1 Timings 14: puuhonu ext & Komohana 1112912009 • * 4,- '- -, t r i 4/ L� 0.32 0.60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.08 0.38 0.53 0.0 • m Lm 2030 total pm w/o uhh mauka 1112912009 Baseline Synchro7- Report Page 1 Timings 11: Waianuenue & Komohana 1112912009 -• N* r -, ,► Phases 50.5 50.5 22.5 22.5 25.5 22.5 5.9% 45.9% 20.5% 66.4% 33.6% 2D.5%o E Total Lost Time (s) 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.5 5.5 5.5 Le@d, Lead Lag Optimize? R;ecall,Mode. Jone Act Effct Green (s) 4 44,2 44.2 57.9 401 9,2 vIc Ratio 0.67 0.51 0 93dl 0.79 0.79 Gonirol,Delay r t „i Z8 7 4.21= _ .; 20 7 35:9 ,. „ 23 5. Queue Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total Delay, , 2,8+7 r4 2r 20 7 35:9 , 23 5 =, r • LOS C A C D C Approach • 1P�i�.Y���`faGE).s�'-= "° �.'C �.�`;u ��ss� � > fig., *' �✓ `� ,�„ "„",.� �,,'.�'°."_x''i�a� "'� 'fi_�s�z " a ,�,.� a, t , `u'_,'.�., �.�*%„, `iY", n: waianuenue e 2030 total pm w/o uhh mauka 1112912009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report • Page 1 • Timings 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St Lane Total Split (% Yellow _111-1) me All -Red Time Lost 7 me* Total Lost Tir Act A N � V/c 2 2 2 6 6 8 8 9.1% 36.8% 36,8% 9.2% 36.9% 0.40 .6 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.3 1. 6.6 6.6 6.6 4.0 U U 4.0 5.9 1.5 1.5 0.3 5.5 5. 1 5 4.0 1.34 0.44 0.14 0.89 0.89 0.40 0.09 0.22 55 ,,, , 6.6 6.6 6.6 o.o 0:00. 0 0.0 0.0 a: 0" -Act� d C A B D D C A B 22.5 Approach LOS B D C D 11/29/2009 Maximum v/c Ratio: 0.89 Solk and Phases, 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St M"I - 11 -01- � I Ell, M M, IM • 2030 total pm w/o uhh mauka 10/18/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Cycle Length: 90 Natural Cycle: 90 a: 0" -Act� d V:WWI, Maximum v/c Ratio: 0.89 Solk and Phases, 3: Kaumana Drive & Ainako St M"I - 11 -01- � I Ell, M M, IM • 2030 total pm w/o uhh mauka 10/18/2009 Baseline Synchro 7 - Report Page 1 Appendix C Zlnsignalized Intersection Level of Service (LOS) Calculations 40 0 CHAPTER 17 -TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary General Information "� '' '+ ' Sne Information ' .,WYE. °Jurisdiction/Date Analyst - 10/18/200 Agency or Company AECOM Major Street KOMOHANA ST Analysis PeriodNear EX AM 2009 Minor Street KUKUAU ST Comment 2009 EXISTING AM Lane Configuration NB SB 7WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR TR TR LTR Lane 2 L - L L - Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (1.7) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 Ulf) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (Ti) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veldh) 10 761 17 25 278 18 8 15 70 21 49 54 PHF ,94 .94 .94 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rale 11 810 18 28 309 20 9 17 78 23 54 60 Flare storage (# of vehs) -+ �.� •.i -` Q 0 Median storage (# of vehs) 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 R Movement 5 ft Length of study period (h) .25 .00t t Lane Movement now Rate (veh/h) Capacity (veh1h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 TR 95 311 .305 1 21.6 C 23.5 WB 2 L 9 102 .088 <1 43.8 E 3 C 1 LTR 137 223 .613 4 43.7 E 43.7 EB 2 3 E 11 1246 .009 <1 7.9 A 28 812 .034 <1 9.6 A HiCAP 2000 TM ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary <; J �" eneral Information+ f 1 �,. ^ u �. Analyst WY Agency or company M&E Analysis PeriodNear AMB AM Comment 2015 AMBIENT AM Jurisdiction/Dare Major Street KOMOHANA ST 2015 Minor Street KUKUAU ST 10/18/200 ±,InpuData P.t Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR TR TR LTR Lane 2 L L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (rH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (vehlh) 19 859 16 27 443 22 11 16 76 22 54 60 PHF .94 .94 .94 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 20 914 17 30 492 24 12 18 84 24 60 67 Flare storage ( of vehs) a^,,+ F ,, r .' y 3, - 0 0 Median storage (# of vehs) �2 >.h k s 0 0 , Signal upstream of Movement 2 R Length of study period (h) •25 Movement 5 ft Output Data Lane Movement Flow Rate (veh1h) Capacity (vehlh) vlc Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Dela and LOS 1 TR 99 238 .415 2 30.4 D 37.5 WB 2 L 9 41 .219 1 115.7 F 3 E 1 LTR 147 138 1.066 8 158.8 F 158.8 EB 2 3 F Q 20 1044 .019 <1 8.5 A %.'. ® 30 731 .041 <1 10.1 B ,{J4 u:rwe �nnn TM 1011 -atalina Engineering, Inc. [-A • 0 • • CHAPTER 17 -TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary 'General Iriformatron � � r .^ � �' Stte Information �_ ' �' Analyst WY Agency or Company M&E Analysis PeriodNear AMB AM 41, 2015 Comment 2015 AMBIENT AM W/ 4 LANES Jurisdiction/Date Major Street Minor Street KOMOHANA ST KUKUAU ST 10/18/200 nputDatas a Lane Configuration NB SBi WB EB Lane 1(curb) TR TR TR LTR Lane 2 T T L Lane 3 L L NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (Ln 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume(veWh) 19 859 16 27 443 22 11 16 76 22 54 60 PHF .94 .94 .94 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 20 914 17 30 492 24 12 18 84 24 60 67 Flare storage (# of vehs)^77- �. 0 �•. _ 0 Median storage (# of vans) ", 0 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) it Movement 5 .25 0 '.Output ' 'D Data Lane Movement Flow Rate (vew Capacity (veh(h) v/c Queue Length 0911) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Dela and LOS . 1 TR 102 315 .324 1 21.8 C 28.4 WB 2 L 12 57 .21 1 83.9 F 3 D 1 LTR 151 178 .847 6 85.1 F 85.1 rEB 2 3 F 20 1038 .019 <1 8.5 A 0 30 725 .041 <1 10.2 B HICAP 2000 Tm - 1 of 1 ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary Genual"Information ` ;Site Information Analyst WZ' Agency or Company M&E Analysis PeriodNear TOT AM Comment 2015 TOTAL AM 2015 Jurisdiction/Date Major Street Minor Street KOMOHANA ST KUKUAU ST 11/29/20 Input Data. }} , Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1(curb) TR TR TR LTR Lane 2 T T L Lane 3 L L NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (FH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (U 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (FH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 19 1030 16 27 510 22 11 16 76 22 54 60 PHF .94 .94 .94 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 20 1096 17 30 567 24 12 18 84 24 60 67 Flare storage (M of vehs) - 0 0 Median storage (8 of vehs) - 0 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) It .25 Movement 5 ft Output Data Lane Movement Flow Rate (veh/h) Capacity (veh1h) v/c queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Dela and LOS 1 TR 102 241 .424 2 30.5 D 57.1 WB 2 L 12 22 .534 2 282.9 F 3 F 1 LTR 151 126 1.199 9 210.4 F 210.4 EB 2 3 F 10 20 974 .021 <1 8.8 A 755— 30 618 .049 <1 11.1 B HICAP 2000 TM 1 of 1 ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. • • 0 Ul r J CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary �uGeneraf Inforinatronip `z "� Sitelntonnation Analyst WY Jurisdiction/Date 10/18/200 Agency or Company AECOM Major Street KOMOHANA ST Analysis PerlodNear EX PM 2009 Minor Street KUKUAU ST Comment 2009 EXISTING PM Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1(curb) TR TR TR LTR Lane 2 L L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (IH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (IH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (f H) 19 (R7) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RI) Volume (veh/h) 34 350 10 22 581 61 4 52 25 10 20 28 PHF .94 .94 .94 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 36 372 11 24 646 68 4 58 28 11 22 31 Flare storage (A of vehs) ? - 7 n ^ 4 ; 0 0 «� s_ Median storage (d of vehs) 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 ft Movement 5 R Length of study period (h) •25 . ; Lane Movement Flow Rate Capacity v/c Queue Length Control Delay LOS Approach (veh/h) (veh/h) (veh) (s) Delay and LOS 1 TR 81 235 .344 1 28.1 D 28.4 WB 2 L 4 132 .03 <1 33.1 D 3 D 1 LTR 64 219 .292 1 28.1 D 281 EB 2 D 3 0 36 935 <1 9 A .039 , 24 1181 <I 8.1 S" .021 .A HICAP 2000 TM ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. loft CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary t r• General InformaUo�n r i '•« � �, , ; ;;� r She Informagon �, �,' `* �,� � E � Analyst �. VVY - Jurisdiction/Date 10/18/200 Agency or Company AECOM Major Street KOMOHANA ST Analysis PeriodNear AMB PM 2015 Minor Street KUKUAU ST Comment 2015 AMBIENT PM ..�, _... - v a - .WB �.. ,.. ,. Lane Configuration NB S13 EB Lane 1 (curb) TR TR TR LTR Lane 2 L L L - Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LI) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (U) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (Ln 6 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 38 485 11 22 702 65 4 54 27 11 22 33 PHF .94 .94 .94 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 40 516 12 24 780 72 4 60 30 12 24 37 Flare storage (6 of vehs) 0 _ 0 Median storage (Y of vehs) ' " n' 0 ., 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 R Movement 5 R Length of study period (h) .25 C' Output Data - Lane Movement Flow Rate vehlh) Capacity (veh/h) vlc Queue Length (veh) Control Delay s) LOS Approadt Delay and LAS 1 TR 84 159 .527 3 50.3 F 50.5 AWB 2 L 4 74 .054 <1 56.2 F 3 F 1 LTR 70 144 .485 2 51.4 F 51.4 EB 2 3 F 40 833 .049 <1 9.5 A 4� 24 1045 .023 <1 8.5 A " HLCAP 2000 TM 1011 ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. 0 • 0 0 CHAPTER 17 -TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary General Informationt3 �,Si tel Information i F Analyst WY Agency or Company AECOM Analysis Period/Year AMB PM 4L 2015. Comment 2015 AMBIENT PM W/ 4 LANES Jurisdiction/Date Major Street Minor Street KOMOHANA ST KUKUAU.ST 10/18/200 Input Data Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1(curb) TR TR TR LTR Lane 2 T T L Lane 3 L L NB SB WB EB Movement - 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6(n 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11(TH) 12 (RD Volume (vehlh) 485 11 22 702 65 4 54 27 11 22 33 PHF r40 .94 .94 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 516 12 24 780 72 4 60 30 12 24 37 Flare storage (f of vehs) - + 0 0 Median storage (A of vehs) 0 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) .25 It Movement 5 ft 7,1 Output Dabu" _ Lane Movement Flow Rate (veh/h) Capacity (veh/h) v/C Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (5) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 TR 90 170 .53 3 48 E 47.3 WB 2 L 4 133 .03 <1 32.8 D 3 E 1 LTR 73 169 .431 2 41.5 E 415 EB -2 3 E Q 40 827 .049 <1 9.6 A ® 24 1039 .024 <1 8.5 A HiCAP 2000 TM 1 or 1 ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary ='-General Information _. Site Information ,. _ .. Analyst WY Agency or Company M&E Analysis PeriodNear TOT PM 2015 Comment 2015 TOTAL PM WA LANES Ndsdiction/Date Major Street Minor Street KOMOHANA ST KUKUAU ST 11/29/20 Input Data' ' Lane Configuration NB SB - WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR TR TR LTR Lane 2 T T L Lane 3 L L NB SB WB EB Movement 4 (LT) 5 (Tfl) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (FH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (FH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 22 1010 65 4 54 27 11 22 33 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, Jk3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 24 1122 72 4 60 30 12 24 37 Flare storage (6 of vehs) . 0 - 0 Median storage (M of vehs) 0 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) it .25 Movemerd 5 ft Output Data Lane Movement Flow Rate (veh/h) Capacity - veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 TR 84 76 1.103 6 230.4 F 223.4 WB 2 L 4 54 .074 <l 77.2 F 3 F 1 LTR 70 120 .583 3 70.3 F 70.3 EB 2 3 F 0 40 612 .066 <1 11.3 B ® 24 884 .028 <1 9.2 A HICAP 2000 TM 1 of 1 cCatalina Engineering, Inc. 0 • 0 0. 0 CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary .� YhI ^k$ A- RM"I. ¢i!A Y r General lnformatron Ka r ,i wp���Tgg' { r�Stte,lnfonnatron wa1 a ne.wN .*Y��J�r:} 1 F e....e1.R'04m, Wns. �{. x+ x r ..e. .:r _.�^,1. Analyst WY Jurisdiction/Date 10/18/200 Agency or Company AECOM Major Street PUUHONU PL C Analysis PeriodNear EX AM 2009 Minor Street KOMOHANA ST Comment 2009 EXISTING AM Y � ..�11 x Jf.s .{S= IR% •I+II N— Ki 'Z14", i r �awi�v"}� '-��s. ` Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR T LR Lane 2 L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4" 5 (TH) 16(RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 775 105 60 470 10 20 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 861 117 67 522 11 22 Flare storage (S of vehs) Median storage (g of vehs) 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 R Movement 5 ft Length of study period (h) .25 Output w DataF Lane Movement Flow Rate veh/h) Capacity (veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay LOS (s) Approach Delay and LOS 1 LR 33 196 .168 1 27 D 27 WB 2 3 D 1 EB 2 3 04 67 702 .095 <I 10.7 B HiCAP 2000 TM oCatalina Engineering, Inc. i.of 1 CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary Analyst WY Jurisdiction/Date 10/18/200 Agency or Company AECOM Major Street PUUHONU PL < Analysis PeriodNear " AMB AM 2015 Minor Shed KOMOHANA ST 6 Comment 2015 AMBIENT AM :�-,�?., �.....1. e . ..�,: �. a ^, `���•s'"'.,s,4� �+,s �PN Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR T LR Lane 2 L - Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 19 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume NOW 0 868 116 64 578 12 21 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 964 129 71 642 1 13 23 Flare storage (® of vehs) y' +: 8` ,'gW ti}�j �. "`. ,,� �,Jl�rvl�^' w'xi£3. M . .- x x:.,- �ci�✓7% Q ili0''a7. Median storage A of vehs ` c �' � � �' �` " Nil Signal upstream of Movement 2 R Movement 5 ft Length of study period (h) .25 Output Datai, ��A��!ds_i,r ^ nn��^ A 1 _ Lane Movement Flow Rate (veh/h) Capacity (vehll) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 LR 36 143 .252 1 38.6 E 38.6 WB 2 3 E t EB p 3 ® 71 635 .112 <1 HiCAP 2000 TA/ 1 of 1 oCatalina Engineering, Inc. • • A 0 0 CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary =General Information 4 ' a Site Information � � a � �.; Analyst VVY Agency or Company AECOM Analysis PeriodNear AMB AM 2020 Comment 2020 AMBIENT AM Jurisdiction/Date Major Street Minor Sheet PUUHONU PL KOMOHANA ST 10/18/200 Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB1 Lane 1 (curb) TR T LR Lane 2 , L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RI) 4 (LT) 5 (f H) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (1H) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 936 126 67 803 13 22 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 1040 140 74 892 14 24 Flare storage (>« of vehs) _ 0 Median storage (d of vehs) t r' r * i x ` 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 0 Movement 5 Length of study period (h) .25 It : tout p � Lane Movement Flow Rate (vehlh) Capacity (veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Dela and LOS 1 LR 38 95 .4 2 66.1 F 66.1 WB 2 3 F 1 EB 2 3 O EL h 74 588 .127 <1 12 B HiCAP 2000 TM 1 of 1 awm"a a iyn ieenny, inc. CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary General Information h '{ , , i; ' 4 q « �a6, Site Information � w � ' Analyst WZ' Jurisdiction/Date Agency or Company AECOM Major StreetPUUHONU Analysis PeriodNear EX PM 2009 Minor Street Comment 2009 EXISTING PM 10/18/200 PL _ KOMOHANA ST6 m3 i €il S ;' R � ❑ d .� (Input Data'_' 3 '�� 't;E-s�F.�. i�F',i.; �F2•iiWil ~WB - Lane Configuration NB SB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR T LR Lane 2 L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (111) 4 (LT) 5(FII) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (FH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (FM Volume (vehlh) 441 43 30 563 67 64 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 490 48 33 626 74 71 Flare storage (# of vehs) 0 Median storage (# of vehs) 0 e ;C Signal upstream of Movement 2 R Movement 5 Length of study period (h) •25 8 OotputData=y €l Lane Movement Flow Rate (veh/h) Capacity (veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 LR 145 286 .506 3 29.8 D 29.8 WB 2 3 D 1 EB 2 3 0 1 33 1 1025 1 .033 1 <1 1 8.6 1 A HiCAP 2000 TM 1 t ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. 0 • 0 0 CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary Analyst WY Jurisdiction/Date 10/18/200 Agency or Company AECOM Major Street PUUHONU PL Analysis Period[Near AMB PM 2015 Minor Street KOMOHANA ST Comment 2015 AMBIENT PM J Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR T LR Lane 2 L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (Ln 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (Ln 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 0 558 47 33 658 78 70 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 620 52 37 731 87 78 Flare storage (k of vehs) ` F s ' r_>° Median storage (A of vehs)r.- Signal upstream of Movement 2 A Movement 5 R Length of study period (h) .25 Output Data n r w • :c w s .. CLOS Lane Movement Flow Rate Capacity v/c Queue Length Control Delay Approach NOW (veh/h) (veh) (s) Delay and LOS 1 LR 165 207 .798 6 68.2 P 68.2 WB 2 3 P 1 EB 2 3 <. Y ® 37 914 <I 9.1 A "'ta .04 HiCAP 2000 TM ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. l of l CHAPTER 17-TWSC-UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary :"General Information , �� �s.',, Site lnforma6on ;3 � _Junsdiction/Date � Anal st W1' Y 10N/200, Agency or Company AECOM Major Street PUUHONU PL Analysis Period/Year AMB PM 2020 Minor Street KOMOHANA ST Comment 2020 AMBIENT PM Input Data Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR -T LR Lane 2 L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RF) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (vehfh) 0 769 73 35 733 82 74 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 854 81 39 814 91 82 Flare storage (# of vehs) f x, 0 Median storage (# of vehs) a 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 R Movement 5 ft Length of study period (h) .25 �, Output Data; , „ - Lane Movement Flow Rate Capacity v/c Queue Length Control Delay LOS Approach NOW (veh/h) veh) (s) Delay and LOS 1 LR 173 131 1.325 11 2531 F 253.1 WB 2 3 F i EB 2 3 f 39 728 .053 <1 10.2 B HiCAP 2000 'M 1 ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. is Ll • C • CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary r'General Ir}forma n �r , y�,� 1� kSlte Infornjet Cioron _ y.- Analyst VVY Agency or Company M&E Analysis PeriodNear EX AM 2009 Comment 2009 EXISTING AM Jurisdiction/Date Major Street Minor Street 10/25/200 MOHOULI ST KUKUAU ST .. Lane Configuration NB} SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (Ln 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 IRT) Volume (veh1h) 10 210 85 45 500 5 3 6 30 20 30 55 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 :9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3. 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 12 250 101 49 543 5 3 7 33 22 33 61 Flare storage (R of vehs) D mV 0 _ Y 0 Median storage (N of vehs) 0 - 0 A - Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) h Movement 5 .25 R OUYput°Data Lane Movement Flow Rate (veh/h) Capacity (veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 LTR 43 465 .093 <1 13.5 B 13.5 WB 2 3 B 1 LTR 116 313 .37 2 23.1 C 231 EB 2 3 C 12 1016 .012 <1 8,6 A "T a: 04 49 1202 .041 <1 8.1 A - HiCAP 2000 TM ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. 1of1 CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary Generallnformatton, $ itelnfortnation 7-I4114 ,, I Ti s r �;; Analyst WY Jurisdiction/Date � 10/25/200 Agency or Company M&E Major Street MOHOULI ST Analysis PeriodNear AMB AM 2015 Minor Street KUKUAU ST Comment 2015 AMBIENT AM zi4 Lane Configuration NB SB _WB EB�� Lane 1 (curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 11 258 92 50 605 5 3 5 33 22 33 66 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 13 307 110 54 658 5 3 6 37 24 37 73 Flare storage (Y of vehs) 0 '• = 0 F Median storage (# of vehs) 0 0 f Signal upstream of Movement 2 R Movement 5 8 Length of study period (h) •25 Lane Movement Flow Rate Capacity We queue Length Control Delay LOS Approach (vefdh) (veh(h) (veh) (5) Delay and LOS 1 LTR 46 398 .116 <1 15.2 C 15.2 WB 2 C 3 1 LTR 134 249 .539 3 35.2 E 35.2 EB 2 E 3 13 921 .014 <1 9 A ® 54 1137 .048 <1 8.3 A HiCAP 2000 TM 1 of 1 ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. - - 0 CI • 0 • 0 CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary GeneraliIriformatlon v � 1 Slt Information �r 5 Analyst WY Agency or Company M&E Analysis Period/Year TOT AM 2015 Comment 2015 TOTAL AM Jurisdiction/Dale Major Street Minor Street MOHOULI ST KUKUAU ST 10/25/200 - lnputData''� T ,, �� ,r.� Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (f H) 3 (RT) 4 (LTJ 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (I'M 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veNh) 11 92 49 606 5 3 5 33 22 33 66 PHF .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 d58 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 13 110 53 659 5 3 6 37 24 37 73 Flare storage (# of vehs)$` -0 0- �_. - 0 Median storage (# of vehs)` •' r ,�'�� _ a' n , u.'. p S ci Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) It Movement 5 .25 R ,Output Data y x a Lane Movement Flow Rate (ve[Vh) Capacity (veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 LTR 46 399 .115 <1 15.2 C 15.2 WB 2 3 C 1 LTR 134 249 .538 3 35.1 E 35.1 EB 2 3 E 13 920 .014 <1 9 - 53 1137 .047 <1 8.3 EA HiCAP 2000 TM ' oCatalina Engineering, Inc. toll CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary Generallnfortnarion � r ,`��+ Ty � ,Sitelnformation � Analyst WY JurisdictionfDale 10/25/200 Agency or Company M&E Major Sheet MOHOULI ST Analysis PeriodNear AMB AM 2020 Minor Street KUKUAU ST Comment 2020 AMBIENT AM Input Data a s., 4s,;K� �„' '+, Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (Ln 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 1 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 16 305 97 51 766 5 3 5 35 23 35 1 84 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9.9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, W 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 19 363 115 55 833 5 3 6 39 26 39 93 Flare storage (R of vehs) �^ r' ' �� + `�'"` 0 '" 0 ) Median storage (>E of vehs) � ` � ' � ' = 0 �, 0 � � � , � n �,1 Signal upstream of Movement 2 R Movement 5 R Length of study period (h) •25 Lane Movement Flow Rate Capacity v/c Queue Length Control Delay LOS Approach (veh/h) (veh(h) (veh) (s) Delay and LOS 1 LTR 48 294 .163 1 19.6 C 19.6 WB 2 C 3 1 LTR 158 185 .854 6 84.2 F 84.2 EB 2 F 3 19 792 .024 <1 9.7 A ® 55 1079 .051 <18.5 A HiCAP 2000 T ' m ' ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. • • 0 • U CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary Gene�ai Infonriation r' a `Yr` f Site infonnatton ) 5 Analyst Ary Jurisdiction/Date 10/25/200 Agency or Company M&E Major Street MOHOULI ST Analysis PeriodNear TOT AM 2020 Minor Street KUKUAU ST Comment 2020 TOTAL AM slnput Data' ,_ a , _ P 4 u r3vS Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RI) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh1h) 16 311 97 51 798 5 3 5 35 23 35 84 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 19 370 115 55 867 5 1 3 6 39 26 39 93 Flare storage (8 of vehs) �! 0 0 Median storage (# of vehs) ` � ,� 0 0 .„ .n. Signal upstream of Movement 2 It Movement 5 ft _ Length of study period (h) •25 "iOutput Data Lane Movement Flow Rate Capacity v/c Queue Length Control Delay LOS Approach (veh/h) (veh/h). (veh) (s) Delay and LOS 1 LTR 48 278 .173 1 20.7 C 20.7 WB 2 C 3 1 LTR 158 174 .906 7 98.8 F 98,8 EB 2 F 3 19 769 .025 <1 9.8 A � 55 1072 <1 8.5 A .052 HiCAP 2000 TM ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. 1 or 1 CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary 'General Information " '��`� a�' �pg Analyst VVY Jurisdiction/Date 10/25/200 Agency or Company M&E Major Street MOHOULI ST Analysis PeriodNear AMB AM 2030 Minor Street KUKUAU ST Comment 2030 AMBIENT AM W/2LANE Flnput Data Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1(curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (vehllt) 21 369 107 56 960 6 3 5 39 25 39 106 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 25 439 127 61 1043 7 3 6 43 28 43 118 Flare storage (# of vehs) ' - a; '� 0 = 0 .> Median storage (B of vehs) r ` '_ 0 0iij Signal upstream of Movement 2 h Movement 5 fl Length of study period (h) .25 . Output Data rV Lane Movement Flow Rate Capacity v/c Queue Length Control Delay LOS Approach (veh/h) (veh/h) (veh) (s) Delay and LOS 1 LTR 52 161 .324 1 37.8 E 378 WB 2 3 E 1 LTR 189 124 1.529 13 338.3 F 338.3 EB 2 F 3 0 25 659 .038 <1 10.7 B 61 1000 .061 <1 8.8 A HiCAP 2000 -rm 1011 oCatalina Engineering, Inc. • 0 • 0 CHAPTER V TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary "In ion, yr f ,$itelnformation 5, Analyst VVY Jurisdiction/Date 10/25/200 Agency or Company M&E Major Street MOHOULI ST Analysis PeriodNear TOT AM 2030 Minor Street - - KUKUAU ST Comment 2030 TOTAL AM W/2LANE ',�'lnput c Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RI) Volume (veh/h) 21 410 105 55 990 6 3 5 40 25 39 106 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 25 488 125 60 1076 7 3 6 44 28 43 118 Flare storage (# of vehs) "t ' ; 0 '. r� �.. .i v . 0 Median storage (# of vehs) a ' , ¢ 0 0 , , «M Signal upstream of Movement 2 it Movement 5 fl Length of study period (h) .25 Output Data ��.. _ Lane Movement Flow Rate Capacity v/c Queue Length Control Delay LOS Approach (veh1h) (veh/h) (veh) (s) Delay and LOS 1LTR 53 134 .397 2 48.6 E 48.6 WB 2 3 B 1 LTR 189 111 1.698 15 416.8 F 416.8 EB 2 3 F 1 25 641 .039 <1 10.8 B v^ ® 60 961 .062 <1 9 A HiCAP 2000 'm OCatalina Engineering, Inc. Iof1 CHAPTER 17 -TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis SummaryGenerallnformatlon " :Ste'in formaUon , ,,��.i,rt.. �^�„ Analyst WY Jurisdiction/Date 10/25/200 Agency or Company M&E Major Sheet MOHOULI ST Analysis PeriodNear AMB AM 2030 Minor Sheet KUKUAU ST Comment 2030 AMBIENT AM WALANES i 4 i Datati> V t "p, 5'! Input Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1(curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 T T Lane 3 L L NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (fH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh(h) 21 369 107 56 960 6 3 5 39 25 39 106 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 25 439 127 61 1043 7 3 6 43 28 43 118 .. + Flare storage (d of vehs) ` - - 0u s Median storage (A of vehs) �' r' ' `". 0 0 , Signal upstream of Movement 2 ft Movement 5 fl Length of study period (h) .25 ( Lane Movement Flow Rate Capacity We Queue Length Control Delay LOS Approach (veh/h) (veh/h) (veh) s) Dela and LOS 1 LTR 52 265 .197 1 21.9 C 21.9 WB 2 C 3 1 LTR 189 157 1.203 11 194.1 F 194.1 EB 2 F 3 25 653 .038 <1 10.7 B 61 995 .061 <1 8.9 A a HICAP 2000 TM ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. 11 • is CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary hGenerallnforrnelfori�r�r az �«k�� .�raz,`�7 �s � „�ASitelnformatlon9 i �`"" ��t ��4 t� '�'�.� . Analyst WY Agency or Company M&E Analysis PeriodNear TOT AM 2030 Comment 2030 TOTAL AM WALANES Jurisdiction/Date Major Street Minor Street 10/25/200 MOHOULI ST KUKUAU ST � l�FY 5 c "Input Data 4 w. x 'i ,#'i• �, .: � � .a r <. �� x� Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1(curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 T T Lane 3 L L NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (rH) 3 (RT) 4 (Ln 5 (TH) 16 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (rH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 21 410 105 55 990 6 3 5 40 25 39 106 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 25 488 125 60 1076 7 3 6 44 28 43 118 Flare storage (# of vehs) ` +''" 0 " " l,;} 0 Median storage (# of vales). 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) It Movement 5 .25 R `�.e r .` 1e Lane Movement Flow Rate (veh/h) Capacity (veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 LTR 53 235 .226 1 24.8 C 24.8 WB 2 3 C 1 LTR 189 143 1.323 12 245.1 F 245.1 EB 2 3 F 0 25 634 .039 <1 10.9 B 40 60 955 .063 <1 9 A 4 [{ HiCAP 2000 TM ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. loll CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis SummaryGeneral Information' _n Site Infonnat(on ��^ x us. ` Analyst WY Jurisdiction/Date 10/25/200 Agency or Company M&E Major Street MOHOULIST Analysis PeriodNear EX PM 2009 Minor Street KUKUAU ST Commend 2009 EXISTING PM r InputData=., x Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lance 1(curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (Till 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (fill 8 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (rH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 50 435 0 20 295 5 2 20 55 4 10 25 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 60 518 0 22 321 5 2 22 61 4 11 28 Flare storage (# of vehs)Y. ' _ 0 = �"`" 0 Median storage (# of vehs) �) " ! I 'h ` ` ' �^':_ 0 <, 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 R Movement 5 R Length of study period (h) .25 Output Data ., gas." s Lane Movement now Rate (veh/ h) Capacity (vehlh) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 LTR 85 388 .219 1 16.8 C 16.8 WB 2 3 C 1 LTR 43 380 .113 <1 - 15.7 C 15.7 EB 2 3 C 10 60 1228 .048 <1 8.1 A Q4 22 1043 .021 <1 8.5 A nn TM i of 1 ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. • 0 • is CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - LINSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary $rte Information t Analyst WY Jurisdiction/Date 10/25/200 Agency or Company M&E Major Street MOHOULI ST Analysis PeriodNear AMB PM 2015 Minor Street KUKUAU ST . Comment 2015 AMBIENT PM � s F InputD�ta �'� JV:s, Lane Configuration - NB SB WB EB Lane 1(curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 1 2 (TH)3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 18 (TH) 19 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (rH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 51 540 0 22 345 5 2 1 20 1 60 4 11 29 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 61 643 0 24 375 5 2 22 67 4 12 32 Flare storage (# of vehs) - = f Median storage (# of vehs) , ' ';,! p 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 it Movement 5 ft Length of study period (h) .25 r .�., Lane Movement Flow Rate Capacity vlc Queue Length Control Delay LOS Approach (veh/h) (veh/h) (veh) (s) Delay and LOS 1 LTR 91 319 .285 1 20.7 C 20.7 WB 2 3 C 1 LTR 48 313 .153 1 18.6 C 18.6 EB 2 C 3 10 61 1173 <1 8.2 A .052 4Q 24 937 .026 <1 8.9 A HiCAP 2000 TM ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. 1of1 CHAPTER 17 -TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED NS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary StINeTlnEfVoRrSmE�CTIO @ orato '. Analyst WY Jurisdiction/Date 10/25/200 Agency or Company M&E Major Street MOHOULI ST Analysis Pedod/Year TOT PM 2015 Minor Street KUKUAU ST Comment 2015 TOTAL PM :` Input Data':; Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (L1) 2 (TH) 3 (RI) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) J 9 (RT) 10 (LI) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 51 538 0 22 343 5 2 20 60 4 11 29 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow to 61 640 0 24 373 5 2 22 67 4 12 32 Flare storage (i of vehs) ti " HW"-, ' + 0 '' ' 0 Median storage (R of vehs) °t� u t 0 0 77777 Signal upstream of Movement 2 If Movement 5 ft Length of study period (h) •25 u =411 ; N 1s z.;: Lane Movement Flow Rate Capacity v/c Queue Length Control Delay LOS Approach (veh/h) (vet/h) (veh) (s) Dela and LOS 1 LTR 91 321 .283 1 20.6 C 20.6 WB 2 C 3 1 LTR 48 315 .153 1 18.5 C 18.5 EB 2 C 3 61 1175 .052 <1 8.2 A r, Y, 0 24 939 .025 <1 8.9 A '? HiCAP 2000 TM 1 of 1 :atelina Engineering, Inc. CIN • 0 0 • is CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary,tox��,.= Generallnformatlon� � �F ^i r �� iso k +oP ��Sitelnfottnatlonk.; r Analyst WY Jurisdiction/Date 10/25/200 Agency or Company M&E Major Street MOHOULI ST Analysis PeriodNear AMB PM 2020 Minor Street KUKUAU ST Comment 2020 AMBIENT PM . u Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1(curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume(veh/h) 76 677 0 23 423 5 2^'21 63 4 12 36 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 1 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 90 806 0 25 460 5 2 23 70 4 13 40 Flare storage (A of vehs) 0 ' - 0 V Median storage (k of vehs) 1 ! & 0 , Signal upstream of Movement 2 it Movement 5 ft _ Length of study period (h) .25 Output Data1. _' ' r;,: �_ _ ,�; Lane Movement Flow Rate Capacfty v/c Queue Length Control Delay LOS Approach (veh/h) (veh/h) (veh) (s) Delay and LOS 1 LTR 95 224 .425 2 ,32.5 D 32.5 WB 2 D 3 1 LTR 57 222 .256 1 26.7 D 26.7 EB 2 D 3 10 90 1091 .083 <1 8.6 A ® 25 814 .031 <1 9.6 A ;. HiCAP 2000 TM ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. 1of1 CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary Generall'nformatton5 riy° -'*k Sitelnformattonx ?r Analyst WY Agency or Company M&E Analysis PeriodNear TOT PM Comment 2020 TOTAL PM Jurisdiction/Date Major Street 2020 Minor Street MOHOULI ST KUKUAU ST 10/25/200 InputData ' e,! Lane Configuration _ NB SB WB EB Lane i (curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (R7) 7 (L7) 8 (TH) 8 (RT) 10 (Ln 11 (FH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 76 700 0 23 439 5 2 21 63 4 12 36 PHf .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Row rate 90 833 0 25 477 5 2 23 70 4 13 40 Flare storage (B of vehs) Y 0 0 Median storage (p of vehs) _ u "� % .i;.. s 0 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 A Length of study period (h) .25 Movement 5 - R 'Output Data ;.';• ,'+ ;,.� ',. - Lane Movement Row Rate (veh/h) Capacity (veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 LTR 95 212 .448 2 35.1 E 35.1 WB 2 3 E 1 LTR 57 209 .273 1 28.6 D 28.6 EB 2 3 D 90 1075 .084 <1 8.7 A ® 25 - 795 .031 <1 9.7 A _..>.... UlrAD nnn TM of l rtelina Engineering, Inc. • 40 CHAPTER 77 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary OeneralInform twr( �`r -Site Information" 4 " t ..ri s Yfi M ' 5 T.[ ih Analyst WI' Jurisdiction/Date 10/25/200 Agency or Company M&E Major Street MOHOULI ST Analysis PeriodNear AMB PM 2030 Minor Street KUKUAU ST Comment 2030 AMBIENT PM W/2 LANES = `Input Lane Configuration NB SB WB _EB Lane 1 (curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (L1) 2 (TW 3 (RT) 4 (Ln 5 UW 8 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 8 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh1h) 89 789 0 25 510 5 2 23 70 4 13 44 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 106 939 0 27 554 5 - 2 26 78 4 14 49 Flare storage (A of vans) 0 - 0 Median storage (# of vans) } p�� p Signal upstream of Movement 2 R Movement 5 ft Length of study period (h) .25 :'Output Data .v c k': Lane Movement Flow Rate Capacity v/c Queue Length Control Delay LOS Approach (veh/h) (veh/h) (veh) (s) Delay and LOS 1 LTR 106 162 4 61.5 F .654 61.5 WB 2 3 F 1 LTR 67 159 .422 2 43.3 E 43.3 EB 2 3 E 1� 106 1006 .105 <1 9 A n' 27 726 .037 <1 10.2 B HiCAP 2000 ' m - ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. 1 of CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary Analyst WY JurisdictiorVDate 10/25/200 Agency or Company M&E Major Street MOHOULI ST Analysis PeriodNear TOT PM 2030 Minor Street KUKUAU ST Comment 2030 TOTAL PM W/2 LANE Lane Configuration Lore NB I now Rate (veh/h) Capacity (veh1h) SB Queue Length (veh) WB LTR EB 146 Lane 1 (curb) 4 TR 2 TR LTR LTR Lane 2 L L LTR 67 139 .48 2 EB Lane 3 3 NB 107 SB .109 <1 WB EB 27 Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (Ln 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (f H) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 90 830 0 25 535 5 2 23 70 4 13 44 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 107 988 0 27 582 5 2 26 78 4 14 49 Flare storage (# of vehs) 0 0 Median storage (# of vehs) 'rd� r _f �. iz T a". fi p p e El Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) .25 ft Movement 5 ft u:r w o �nnn TM ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. • • Lore Movement I now Rate (veh/h) Capacity (veh1h) V/c Queue Length (veh) 1 LTR 106 146 .724 4 WB 2 3 1 LTR 67 139 .48 2 EB 2 3 107 983 .109 <1 27 695 .039 <1 u:r w o �nnn TM ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. • • • 11 CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary L k end°rallnformation � � +.. ' ? lx I Analyst VVY Jurisdiction/Date 10/25/200 Agency or Company M&E Major Street MOHOULI ST Analysis Period/Year AMB PM 2030 Minor Street KUKUAU ST Comment 2030 AMBIENT PM W/4LANES Input Data':`QP Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 T T Lane 3 L L NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (Ln 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh1h) 89 789 0 25 510 5 2 23 70 4 13 44 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 106 939 0 27 554 5 2 26 78 4 14 49 Flare storage (# of vehs) * , ` - , � , , ; , ,: 0€ 0 Median storage (# of vehs) - , i E0 VRI 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 R Movement 5 ft Length of study period (h) .25 Output Datai v Lane Movement Flow Rate Capacity v/c Queue Length Control Delay LOSS Approach^ (veh1h) (veh1h) (veh) (s) Delay and LOS 1 LTR 106 194 3 43.9 E .546 43.9 WB 2 3 E 1 LTR 67 204 .328 1 31 D 31 EB 2 D [t3 106 1000 .106 <1 9 A 04 27 719 .038 <I 10.2 B „Ia HICAP 2000 Tm ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. Cm t of l CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary '� 1� l➢ r 1 h w C-. t �, r21 'GeneralilnfArmatlon?� +Sitelnformation� V Analyst WY Jurisdiction/Date 10/25/200 Agency or Company M&E Major Street MOHOULI ST Analysis PedodlYear TOT PM 2030 Minor Street KUKUAU ST Comment 2030 TOTAL PM W/4 LANES nputData . y, Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB. Lane 1 (curb) - TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 T T Lane 3 L L NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (iH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 6 (1`11) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (1H) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 90 830 0 25 535 5 2 23 70 4 13 44 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 107 988 0 27 582 5 2 26 78 4 14 49 Flare storage (i of vahs) -' 77 y� 0 0 , Median storage (Y of vehs)r '` ' �T ` , 0 0 Signal upstream of Moment 2 it Movement 5 ft Length of study period (h) .25 ,Output Data Lane Movement now Rate Capacity v/c Queue Length Control Delay LOS Approach (veh/h) (veh/h) veh) s Delay and LOS 1 LTR 106 176 .603 3 52.5 F 52.5 WB 2 F 3 1 LTR 67 184 .365 2 35.4 E 35.4 EB 2 E 3 107 977 <t 9.1 A .11 0 27 689 .039 <1 10.4 B HiCAP 2000 TM 1 of 1 ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. _ 0 • 0 0 • 0 CHAPTER 17 -TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary General )nformatlon ' ' - :... � ....... Sita Information' _. _. .. Mal.... � Analyst Y Agency or Company M&E Analysis PeriodNear AMB AM NOUHH 2020 Comment 2020 AMBIENT AM NOUHH Jurisdiction/Date Major Sheet Minor Street MOHOULI ST KUKUAU ST 11/29/200 Input Data , _. . _. Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1(curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (IM Volume (vehth) 16 270 97 51 635 5 3 5 35 23 35 84 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Ffow rate 19 321 115 55 .690 5 3 6 39 26 39 93 Flare storage (8 of vehs) 0 0 Median storage I# of vehs) Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) it .25 Movement 5 - ft OutputDpta Lane Movement Flow (tate (vehlh) Capacity (veh/h) V Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 LTR 48 368 .13 <1 16.2 C 16.2 WB 2 3 C 1 LTR 158 238 .663 4 45.6 E 45.6 EB 2 3 E 10 19 896 .021 <1 9.1 A ® 55 1118 .05 <1 8.4 A HiCAP 2000 TM ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. lofl CHAPTER 17 -TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary Gerieral,lnformation, ; Sitelnformation, Analyst VVY Agency or Company M&E Analysis PeriodNear TOT AM NOUHH 2020 Comment 2020 TOTAL AM NOUHH Jurisdiction/Date Major Street Minor Street MOHOULI ST KUKUAU ST 11/29/200 Input Data Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RI) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7" 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume(veh1h) 10 275 97 51 665 5 3 5 35 23 35 70 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rale 12 327 115 55 723 5 3 6 39 26 39 78 Rare storage (# of vehs) 0 0 Median storage (N of vehs) 0 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) ft .25 Movement 5 ft Output Data Lane Movement Flow Rale (vehlh) Capacity (veh/h) v/c queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 LTR 48 365 .131 <1 16.3 C 16.3 WB 2 3 C 1 LTR 143 220 .651 4 47.5 E 47.5 EB 2 3 E 1� 12 871 .014 <1 9.2 A 55 1112 .05 <1 8.4 A HICAP 2000 T - - - 1 of 1 ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. • 0 0 • 0 CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary General€I,nformatio^:' Site Information , is Analyst WY Agency or Company M&E Analysis Period/Year AMB AM NOUHH 2030 Comment 2030 AMB AM 2LN NO UHH Jurisdiction/Date Major Street MOHOULI ST Minor Sheet KUKUAU ST 11/29/20: 00 _ Input Data Lane Configuration Ng SB WB EB Lane 1(curb) TR TR LTR LTR ne 2 L L 3 [Lane NB SB WB EB vement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (Rn 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) lume (veh/h)E 10 275 95 50 665 6 3 5 35 25 39 70 F 84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow ate12 327 113 54 723 7 3 6 39 28 43 78 Flare storage (N of vehs) 0 - 0 Median storage (p of vehs) _ 0 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) ft Movement 5 .25 ft Output Data ,.. .. - .. ... Lane Movement Flow Rate (veh/h) Capacity . (veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Dela and LOS 1 LTR 48 363 .132 <1 16.4 C WB 2 16.4 3 C 1 LTR 149 .216 .69 4 52.1 F 52.1 EB 2 3 F Q 12 870 .014 <1 9.2 A _ 41'CaD 9non T) TM 54 - _ 1114 .049 <1 8.4 A ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. 1of1 CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary ,General -into mailo n ' Site Information Analyst VVY Agency or Company M&E Analysis PeriodNear TOT AM NOUHH 2030 Comment 2030 TOT AM 2LN NOUHH Jurisdiction/Date Major Street Minor Street MOHOULI ST KUKUAU ST 11/29/200 Input Data Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (L F2 (TH)T3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 6 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 15 340 105 55 725 6 3 5 40 25 39 75 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 18 405 125 60 788 7 3 6 44 28 43 83 Flare storage (# of vehs) 0 0 Median storage (# of vehs) 0 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) R .25 Movement 5 fl •; Output Data Lane Movement Flow Rate (veh1h) Capacity (veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 LTR 53 299 .177 1 19.6 C 19.6 WB 2 3 C 1 LTR 154 173 .888 6 95.1 F 95.1 EB 2 3 F 18 822 .022 <1 9.5 A Q 60 1032 .058 <1 8.7 A HiCAP 2000 TM 1 of 1 ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. • • C� • �r U CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary -' General Information Site Information. Analyst WY Agency or Company M&E Analysis PeriodNear AMB AM NOUHH 2030 Comment 2030 AMB AM 4LN NOUHH Jurisdiction/Date Major Street Minor Street MOHOULI ST KUKUAU ST 11/29/200 Input Data' Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 ;LNB T T Lane 3 L L SB WB EB Movement (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (rH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (vehlh) 15 300 107 56 695 6 3 5 39 25 39 75 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 18 357 127 61 755 7 3 6 43 28 43 83 Flare storage (p of vehs) - - 0 0 Median storage (R of vehs) 0 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) R .25 Movement 5 A Output Data Lane Movement Flow Rale (vehlh) Capacity (veldh) Vic Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 LTR 52 417 .125 <1 14.9 B 14.9 WB 2 3 B 1 LTR 154 230 .669 4 47.4 E 47.4 EB 2 3 E 0_ 18 840 .021 <1 9.4 A 61 1068 .057 <1 8.6 A nn.hr NOW "^ ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. 1of1 CHAPTER 17 -TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary General info ti on Site Informak(on Analyst WY Agency or Company M&E Analysis PeriodlYear TOT AM NOUHH 2030 Comment 2030 TOT AM 4LN NOUHH Jurisdiction/Date Major Street Minor Street MOHOULI ST KUKUAU ST 11/29/200 input Data Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1(curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 T T Lane 3 L L NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (Tet) 3 (RT) 4 (Ll) 5 (Tet) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 19 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 15 340 105 55 725 6 3 5 40 25 39 75 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 18 405 125 60 788 7 3 6 44 28 43 83 Flare storage (R of vehs) - 0 0 Median storage (d of vehs) 0 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) R .25 Movement 5 R Output Data _ - Lane Movement Flow Rate (vehPo) Capacity (vehlh) v/c Queue Length (veh) Comrol Delay (s) LOS Approach Detay and LOS 1 LTR 53 387 .137 <1 15.8 _ C 15.8 WB 2 3 C 1 LTR 154 210 .732 5 58.1 F 581 EB 2 3 F 10 18 816 .022 <1 9.5 A Q 60 1027 .058 <1 8.7 A HICAP 2000 TM 1 of 1 ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. 0 • 0 • • is CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary ----------------- 41/29120(1 General Information : ' Sfte Information _. Analyst W1 Agency or Company M&E Analysis Period/Year AMB PM NOUHH 2020 Comment 2020 AMBIENT PM NO UHH JurisdictionlDate Major Street MOHOULI ST Minor Street KUKUAU ST Input Data Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lam 2 L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (Rn 4 (L) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (Ln 8 (TH) 8 (Rn 10 (Ln 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 65 565 0 23 360 5 2 21 63 4 12 30 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 77 673 0 25 391 5 2 23 70 4 13 33 Flare storage (# of vehs) 0 0 Median storage (# of vehs) 0 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) R Movement 5 .25 R Output Data Lane Movement Flow RateZanCon (veh/h) Queue Length Control)Delay LOS Dela prod 0 S 1 LTR 95 1 23.1 C WB 2 23.1 3 C 1 LTR 50 1 20.7 C 20 7 EB 23 C 1T 77 1 8.3 A urrno lnr nn 25 1 9.1 A ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. 1of1 CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary Generahlnfortnation ;' Site Information Analyst WY Agency or Company M&E Analysis PeriodNear TOT PM NOUHH 2020 Comment _ 2020 TOTAL PM NOUHH Jurisdiction/Date Major Street Minor Street MOHOULI ST KUKUAU ST 11/29/200 Input Data . Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB - Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (Ln 5 (FH) 6 (IM 7 (LT) 8 (M 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (90 Volume (veh/h) 76 585 0 5 370 5 2 21 63 4 12 36 PHF . .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 90 696 0 5 402 5 2 23 70 4 13 40 Flare storage (A of vehs)0 0 Median storage (f of vehs) 0 i 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) ft .25 Movement 5 ft Output Data Lane Movement Flow Rate (veh/h) Capacity (veh/h) vk Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LAS Approach Delay and LOS 1 LTR 95 285 .333 1 23.8 C 23.8 WB 2 3 C 1 LTR 57 293 .195 1 20.2 C. 20.2 EB 2 3 C fiE950 1146 .079 <1 8.4 A 895 .006 <1 9 A HICAP 2000 TM 1 O 1 CCatalina Engineering, Inc. - rIL • • • C J • CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary Generallnformation=i SSitelriformation Analyst WY Agency or Company M&E Analysis PeriodNear AMB PM NOUHH 2030 Comment 2030 AMB PM 2 LN NOUHH Jurisdiction/Date Major Street Minor Sheet MOHOULI ST KUKUAU ST 11/29/200 Input Data Lane Configuration NB SB WB BB Lane 1(curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (fH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh1h) 70 615 0 25 395 5 2 23 70 4 13 30 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 83 732 0 27 429 5 2 26 78 4 14 33 Flare storage (# of vehs) 0 0 Median storage (# of vehs) 0 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) ft .25 Movement 5 ft Output Data ` Lane Movement Flow Rate (veh/h) Capacity (veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 LTR 106 257 .412 2 28.4 D 28.4 WB 2 3 D 1 LTR 51 232 .22 1 24.8 C 24.8 EB 2 3 C 83 1120 .074 <1 8.5 - A 27 868 .031 <1 9.3 A HiCAP 2060 ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. 1of1 CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary Genarallnformation'. Sitelnformation Analyst WY Agency or Company M&E Analysis PeriodNear TOT PM NOUHH 2030 Comment 2030 TOT PM 2 LN NOUHH Jurisdiction/Date Major Street Minor Street MOHOULI ST KUKUAU ST 11/29/200 1nput Da ta Lane Configuration NB SB WB _ EB Lane 1 (curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (U) a (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 70 655 0 25 420 5 2 23 70 4 13 30 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 83 780 0 27 457 5 2 26 78 4 14 33 Flare storage (ft of vehs) 0 0 Median storage (8 of vehs) 0 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) ft .25 Movement 5 ft `Output Data Lane Movement Flow Rate (vehm) Capacity (veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 LTR 106 235 .45 2 32.2 D 32.2 WB 2 3 D 1 LTR 51 209 .244 1 27.7 D 27.7 EB 2 3 D 83 1094 .076 <1 8.6 A ® 27 833 .033 <1 9.5 A HiCAP 2000 TM 1 of 1 ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. 0 0 • • r J CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary General Information k Site Information Analyst WY Agency or Company M&E Analysis Period/Year AMB PM NOUHH 2030 Comment 2030 AMB PM4LN NOUHH JurisdicliordDate Major Street Minor Street MOHOULI ST KUKUAU ST 11/29/200 Input Data Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 T T Lane 3 L L NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 6 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 70 615 0 25 395 5 2 23 70 4 13 30 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 83 732 0 27 429 5 2 26 78 4 14 33 Flare storage ($ of vehs) - 0 0 Median storage (N of vehs) 0 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) R .25 Movement 5 R ;Output�Data _ Lane Movement now(tate (veh/h) Capacity (vWh) v!c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1LTR 106 305 .348 2 23 C 23 WB 2 3 C 1 LTR 51 276 .185 1 21 C 21 EB 2 3 C 0 83 1114 .075 <1 8.5 A ® TM 27 862 .032 <1 9.3 A HiCAP 2000 cCatalina Engineering, Inc. 1of1 CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary iGeneral,lriformation i :Site Information Analyst VVY Agency or Company M&E Analysis Period/Year TOT PM NOUHH 2030 Comment 2030 TOT PM 4 LN NOUHH Jurisdiction/Date Major Street Minor Street MOHOULI ST KUKUAU ST 11/29/200 InputData Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR TR LTR LTR Lane 2 T T Lane 3 L L NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (Ln 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (U) 15(TH)16(RT) 7(LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 70 655 0 25 420 5 2 23 70 4 13 30 PHF .84 .84 .84 .92 .92 1 .92 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 83 780 0 27 457 5 2 26 78 4 14 33 Flare storage (# of vehs) 0 0 Median storage (# of vehs) 0 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) R .25 Movement 5 R Output Data Lane Movement Flow Rate (veh/h) Capacity (veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Dela and LOS 1 LTR 106 280 .378 2 25.5 D 25.5 WB 2 3 D 1 LTR 51 252 .202 1 22.8 C 22.8 EB 2 3 C 0 83 1088 .077 <1 8.6 A 27 827 .033 <1 9.5 A HiCAP 2000 TM 1 of 1 mCatalina Engineering, Inc. 0 • 0 0 • CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET - Analysis Summary General anformauor- ,� "_'� t' ` ':Site Information't� , a ;' ^ Analyst WY Agency or Company AECOM Analysis Period/Year TOT AM 2020 Comment TOTAL AM 2020 2 LANES Jurisdiction/Date Major Street Minor Street 10/18/200 RESIDENTIAL CUL DE SAC MOHOULI ST EXTENSION Input daig .>s� , - a f✓.. Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) R T LTR Lane 2 T L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (FH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 15 (TH) 16 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (rH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (vah/h) 363 6 3 825 32 6 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 403 7 3 917 36 7 Flare storage (Sof vehs) 77777 r 0 Median storage (S of vehs) ' E "` r 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 ft Movement 5 Length of study period (h) .25 - ft P e" i5 y Lanei Movement Flow Rate (veh/h) Capacity (veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s). LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 LTR 43 151 .285 1 38 E 38 WB 2 E 3 1 EB .1 3 O r,� 0 3 1143 .003 <1 8.2 A HiCAp 9nnn TM l oll talina Engineering, Inc. CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary g General Informations , . n Site Infoimaton111�1« a SJudsdiclion/Date ' Analyst WY - 10/18/200 Agency or Company AECOM Major Street RESIDENTIAL CUL DE SAC Analysis PeriodNear TOT AM 2030 Minor Street MOHOULI ST EXTENSION Comment TOTAL AM 2030 2 LANES :Input Lane Configuration NBA SB WB - EB Lane 1 (curb) R T R - Lane 2 T L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (U) 8 (TH) 19 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 0 463 9 12 1017 32 32 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 514 10 13 1130 36 36 Flare storage (# of vehs) 0 - Median storage (# of vehs) `` f' , 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 it Length of study period (h) .25 Movement 5 ft - U h r Lane Movement Flow Rate (veh/h) Capacity (veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Dehy and LOS 1 R 36 558 .064 <1 11.9 B 34.6 WB 2 L 36 104 .348 1 57.3 F 3 D 1 EB 2 3 13 1037 .013 <1 8.5 A HiCAP 2000 TM ®Catalina Engineering. Inc. n U 0 CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - LINSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary Generallnformatton ' Sitelnformatton Analyst WY Agency or Company AECOM Analysis PeriodNear TOT AM 4L 2030 Comment TOTAL AM 2030 WA LANES Jurisdiction/Date 10/18/200 Major Street RESIDENTIAL CUL DE SAC Minor Street MOHOULI ST EXTENSION Wr Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1(curb) R T R Lane 2 T T L Lane 3 T L NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 19 (RT) 10(LT)111 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (vehlh) 0 463 9 12 1017 32 32 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 514 10 13 1130 1 36 36 Flare storage (# of vehs) , il : y` Q a Median storage (# of vehs) 1 kLIN"` �`. s x 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 _ It Movement 5 _ ft Length of study period (h) .25 ' Output Lane Movement Flow Rate (veh/h) Capacity (veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 R 36 739 .049 <1 10.1 B 18.5 WB 2 L 36 200 .18 1 26.9 D 3 C 1 EB 2 3 1 ,r. ' Q4 13 1031 .013 <1 8.5 A Ft r HiCAP 2000 TM 1 of 1 ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. - - CHAPTER 17 -TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary General information, ;, Site Information Analyst VA's' Jurisdiction/Date 11/29/200 Agency or Company AECOM Major Street RESIDENTIAL CUL DE SAC - Analysis PeriodNear TOT AM NOUHH 2020 Minor Street MOHOULI ST EXTENSION Comment 2020 TOTAM 2 LNS NO UHH `:. Input Data Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) R T LTR Lane 2 T L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) - 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (vehlh) 330 6 3 690 32 6 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Fbw rate 367 7 3 767 36 7 Flare storage (# of vehs) 0 Median storage (# of vehs) 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) it .25 Movement 5 it output Data Lane Movement Flow Rate (veh/h) Capacity (veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 LTR 43 201 .214 1 27.7 D 27.7 WB 2 3 D 1 EB 2 3 ® 3 1180 .003 <1 8.1 A HICAP 2000 TM OCatalina Engineering, Inc. is • • 0 • 0 - . CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary General Information :'; ' Lane Movement Site Information Analyst WY Agency or Company AECOM Analysis Period Near TOT AM 2030 Comment TOTAL AM 2030 2 LANES Jurisdiction/Date Major Street Minor Street 11/29/2001 RESIDENTIAL CUL DE SAC MOHOULI ST EXTENSION Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 LR +input Data. ` 284 .254 1 21.9 C Lane Configuration NB 2 SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) R T LR Lane 2 T L C Lane 3 1 NB EB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RTJ 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 6 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TM) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 0 365 9 12 755 32 32 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 13 .9 .012 .9 8.2 .A Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 406 10 13 839 36 36 Flare storage (A of vehs) p Median storage (f of vehs) p Signal upstream of Movement 2 R Movement 5 R Length of study period (h) .25 - Output Data Lane Movement Flow Rate (veNh) Capacity (veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 LR 72 284 .254 1 21.9 C 21.9 WB 2 3 C 1 EB 2 3 04 13 1138 .012 <1 8.2 .A HiCAP 2000 TM 1 of 1 ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS Analysis Summary 'iGener'al Intortnetion��'.>E. ,r'++`r ;; Site Inforniatlon' u' w, Analyst WZ' Agency or Company AECOM Analysis PeriodNear TOT PM 2020 Comment TOTAL PM 2020 2 LANES Jurisdiction/Date 10/18/200 Major Sheet RESIDENTIAL CUL DE SAC Minor Sheet MOHOULI ST EXTENSION �t InputData) _ ._ Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) R T LTR Lane 2 T L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (I'm 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 0 744 27 7 460 16 5 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 827 30 8 511 18 0 6 Flare storage (A of vehs) ,7777 7777777 77� - 2' j„77� 777777 77 1 0 Median storage (N of vehs),� ' '' '� _ s Signal upstream of Movement 2 R Movement 5 R Length of study period (h) •25 l p1 Fi lu S ;Output Data = a µ S - Lane Movement Flow Rate (veh/h) Capacity (veh1h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOSS Approach De and LOS 1 LTR 24 150 .16 1 33.5 D 33.5 WB 2 3 D 1 EB 2 3 ® 8 779 Ot <1 9.7 A WORKSHEET • HLCAP 2000 TM 1 of 1 ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. • 0 • • CHAPTER 17 -TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary Information Srte t'.General Inform' Analyst WY Jurisdiction/Date 10/18/200 Agency or Comparry AECOM Major Street RESIDENTIAL CUL DE SAC Analysis PeriodNear TOT PM 2030 Minor Street MOHOULI ST EXTENSION Comment TOTAL PM 2030 2 LANES :Input Data; � �:� "� �' '"fit � '-i' ti '" ti ;•. "��.` � ..,t. �) �� �� � Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) R T R Lane 2 T L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (IT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) ll (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 0 863 41 23 460 25 12 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 959 46 26 511 28 13 Flare storage (N of vehs) 0+` Median storage (# of vehs) �"� �� `" 41k , „ Signal upstream of Movement 2 it Movement 5 R Length of study period (h) .25 `:Output Date ., � ?rs vi, h � `t =" � �' ><` � �� � .�r�• Lane Movement Flow Rate Capacity v/c Queue Length Control Delay LOS Approach (veh/h) (veh/h) (veh) (s) Delay and LOS 1 R 13 310 <1 17.1 C .042 34.1 WB 2 L 28 125 .224 1 42 E 3 D t EB 2 3 ® 26 686 <1 10.5 B }r .037 �� ld nrcAF LUUV "v' ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. t of l CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary FIX F�I 'IF .5 F f A�, Site morin ,,, f atIon Analyst WY Agency or Company AECOM Analysis Period/Year TOT PM 4L 2030 Comment TOTAL PM 2030 W/4 LANES JurisclictiontDate Major Street Minor Street 10/18/200 RESIDENTIAL CUL DE SAC - MOHOULI ST EXTENSION Input Data J �J Lane Configuration NB SB V9rB EB Lane 1 (curb) R Median storage of vans) T R Lane 2 T T L Lane 3 T L ---- NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (U) 2 F (TliT)3 (RT) 4 (U) 5 (7-1) 6 (RT) 7 (1.1) 8 (1-1-1) 9 (RT) 10 (1-T) 11 (111) 12 (RT) Volume (Vewh) Capacity (vetch) 863 41 23 460 Approach 25 12 (vehv/h) L53 PHF (veh)_ .9 .9 .9 .9 1 .9 13 .9 .025 <1 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV B 3 3 3 3 3 3 Row rate WB 959 46 26 511 .182 28 W33.6D 13 Flare storage (# of vehs) Median storage of vans) Signal upstream of Movement 2 it Movement 5 ft Length of study period (h) .25 sOutput Data... .... OFF W Lane Movement Flow Rate Capacity (vetch) Wc Queue Length Control Delay LOS Approach (vehv/h) L53 (veh)_ (s) Delay and LOS 1 R 13 0 .025 <1 12 B 26.7 WB 2 L 28 154 .182 1 W33.6D 3 D 1 EB 2 3 26 679 038 <1 10.5 B HK;AP ZUUU I m 1011 ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. • 0 9 • 40 CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary Generallnformation;l` ` ..Site Information ol Analyst WY Agency or Company AECOM Analysis PeriodNew TOT PM 2020 Comment TOTAL PM 2020 2 LANES Jurisdiction/Date Major Street Minor Street 11/29/200 RESIDENTIAL CUL DE SAC MOHOULI ST EXTENSION ,Input Data •' Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) R T LTR - Lane 2 T L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT). 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (vah/h) 0 635 27 7 390 16 5 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 706 30 8 433 18 6 Flare storage (t of vehs) - 0 Median storage (4 of vehs) 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) it •25 - Movement 5 0 ,Output'ata Lane Movement Flow RateCapacity veh/h) (vehAh) v/c Queue Length veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 LTR 24 203 .118 <I 25.1 D 251 WB 2 3 D 1 EB 2 3 8 865 .009 <I 9.2 A HiCAP 2000 TM ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. Ion CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary General Infortnatlon ;; Site Information Analyst WY Jurisdiction/Date Agency or Company AECOM Major Street Analysis PeriodNear TOT PM NOUHH 2030 Minor Street Comment TOTAL PM 2030 2 LANES NOUHH " 11/29/200 RESIDENTIAL CUL DE SAC MOHOULI ST EXTENSION -, Input Data:,: Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) R T LR Lane 2 T L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (Ln 5 (TK 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (Ln 11(M 12(m Volume (veh/h) 0 690 41 23 425 25 12 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 767 46 26 472 28 13 Flare storage ($ of vehs) 0 Median storage If of vehs) Q Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) ft .25 Movement 5 R .::Output Data Lane Movement Flow Rate veh/h Capacity vehPo v/C Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 LR 41 212 .193 1 26 - D 26 WB 2 3 D 1 EB 2 3 0 26 810 .032 <1 9.6 A HiCAP 2000 TM 1 of 1 ocataena Engineering, Inc. 0 CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary �a_ .-�`r�' "`.S' NT`{ !+.•4' G+.i Y. + 5?"w �� C..m.H �'�-^ ^4V 'C J _1N13. SR �%u C l y. 'in. r.SltelnfonnaUon ' � ,', +General+Infonnations7„�� �,�+k4��,p � r*��a�', rss�x � (,� � Analyst WY - Jurisdiction/Date 10/18/200 Agency or Company AECOM Major Street MOHOULI ST EXTENSION Analysis PeriodNear TOT AM 2LANES 2030 Minor Street PONOHAWAI ST Comment 2030 TOTAL AM W/ 2 LANES Ifl Ut 'X. Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) R T R Lane 2 T L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11(TH) 12 (RT) Volume (velvii 440 55 61 1022 7 32 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 489 61 68 1136 8 36 Flare storage (# of vans) '�� , �,` , �(, z� f �u , - i ” , ' lr 0 Median storage (# of vehs) 0 ft .rk�ir ai< ..w Signal upstream of Movement 2 ft Movement 5 ft Length of study period (h) .25 OutputD'ata es Yd".� ei *� , a; ,z , `,Ef `�r 1`-e?;` �`��'.-*,".. .","+,' _c .3,+^, Lane Movement Flow Rate Capacity v/c Queue Length Control Delay LOS Approach veh/h) (veh/h) (veh) (s) Dei and LOS 1 R 36 577 .062 <1 11.7 B 18.8 WB 2 L 8 86 .093 <1 51 F 3 C i EB 2 3 ® 68 1015 Ai .067 <1 8.8 HiCAP 2000 TM oCatalina Engineering, Inc. loft h CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary � Analyst+ WY Jurisdiction/Date 10/18/200 Agency or Comparry AECOM Major Street MOHOULI ST EXTENSION Analysis PeriodNear TOT AM 4LANES 2030 Minor Street PONOHAWAI ST Comment 2030 TOTAL AM W/ 4 LANES 4 i�'au+' k Y I' rat rr �'€" rinputData u «d�`a ...«, �.-.aa':',m + + �s `rte" J sf' } #t 'ha �G'P Aa " s rd°�i A rg. o �i:ru '._:-u .a�"� i Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR T R Lane T T L Lane 3 L NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TI -9 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TM 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 440 55 61 1022 7 32 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 489 61 68 1136 8 36 Flare storage (1 of vehs) ''0 °^ Median storage (Ao(veM) gTL> �',4..Y:? �n„ i .raw i ^`. .. its o @... �) Signal upstream of Movement 2 It Movement 5 ft Length of study period (h) .25 Out utDafaTi I� d• F L }� �r .. %D ° +du r ' `' 4r r ;1 Lam Movement Flow Rate (veh1h) Capacity (veh/h) v/c Queue Length vah) Control Delay s LOS Approach Dela and LOS 1 R 36 719 .05 <1 10.3 B 13.6 WB 2 L 8 159 OS <1 28.9 D 3 B 1 EB 2 3 68 1009 .067 <1 8.8 A HiCAP 2000 TM oCatalina Engineering, Inc. 1011 �i i 9 • r �J 0 CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary General Information , ..Analyst ... ...._ ..hrisdiction/Date.. ,Site Information ........ .... WY Agency or Company AECOM Analysis PeriodNear TOT AM 2LANES 2030 Comment 2030 TOT AM 2 LNS NO UHH Major Street Minor Street 11/29/200 MOHOULI ST EXTENSION PONOHAWAI ST Input Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) R T R Lane 2 T L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RI) Volume (veh/h) 370 55 61 755 7 32 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 411 61 68 839 8 36 Flare storage (A of vehs) 0 Median storage (4 of vehs) A 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) it Movement 5 .25 ft .Output,Data - _ .. Lane Movement Flow Rate (veh/h) Capacity (veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1 R 36 639 .056 <I 11 B 14.6 WB 2 L 8 147 .054 <1 30.9 D 3 B 1 EB 2 3 Q4 68 1084 .063 41cna gnnn TM a M t OCatalina Engineering, Inc. CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary Y CH nfcnr a ctin,Cf �.:F4 i5¢ . •RrY+ j'P.. G .KIS N r_ A 4 T 1 L j (ryjsi Genarallnformatlonyer„,.°�jt',,� e. r. �c��;,' +.SIIB,informatior p A°11 r p; .1q ' aL +m' r T..r14 L14, b Analyst WY Jurisdiction/Date 10/18/200 Agency or Company AECOM Major Street MOHOULI ST EXTENSION Analysis PedodNear TOT PM 2030 Minor Street PONOHAWAI ST Comment 2030 TOTAL PM W/ 2 LANES a B 4 G -:Y/''T a £"N k� ss & 7+ �"xv N, a� R % '” 7,•'y5`G m 2 '3, ?vinputData5,MIA ?37k Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) R T R Lane 2 T L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (LT) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (U) 18 (TM 19 (RT) to (LT) it (TH) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 868 7 106 551 11 161 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 964 8 118 612 12 179 Flare storage (3 of vehs)4�„,. c�,v �, ,t 0VOM �lt'vT �.ijs , r.i,�rr^,,w� Median storage (Y of vehs) O Signal upstream of Movement 2 It Movement 5 R Length of study period (h) .25 NOutput Data N 7 u: 1 q i ms•��- Lane Movement Flow Rate Capacity v/c queue Length Control Delay LOS Approach (veh/h) (veh/h) (veh (s) Dela and LOS 1 R 179 308 .581 3 31.7 D 33.8 WB 2 L 12 71 .168 1 65.3 F 3 D 1 EB 2 3 B 04 118 705 .167 1 11.1 x ,_ HiCAP 2000 TM mCatalina Engineering, Inc. I oft 0 0 0 0 CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET Analysis Summary General Informauori;Slfs Information, A ^ a Analyst WS' Jurisdictiord0ate 10/18/200 Agency or Company AECOM Major Street MOHOULI ST EXTENSION Analysis Period/Year TOT PM 4 LANES 2030 Minor Street PONOHAWAI ST Comment 2030 TOTAL PM W/ 4 LANES ,� $ ,N •y i b In tit Dataa' L Y 5 �w ; h.•:. 1 Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) TR T R Lane 2 T T L Lane 3 L NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4 (Ln 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (LT) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (U) 11 (Ill) 12 (RT) Volume (veh/h) 868 7 106 551 11 161 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 964 8 118 612 12 179 Flare storage (# of vehs) 777777 -77777r Median storage (k of vehs) T 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 R Movement 5 R Length of study period (h) .25 Output Data' �ti Y tiv �.. ..�. s Lane Movement Flow Rate (veh/h) Capacity (veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LAS Approach Delay and IAS 1 R 179 524 .341 2 15.4 C 17.6 WB 2 L 12 91 .131 <1 50.2 F 3 C 1 EB 2 3 Q 118 699 .169 1 l L2 B- HiCAP 2000 ' m ®Catalina Engineering, Inc. 1of1 CHAPTER 17 - TWSC - UNSIGNALIZE13 INTERSECTIONS WORKSHEET_ Analysis Summary General Information ' Site Information Analyst WY Agency or Company AECOM Analysis PeriodNear TOT PM NOUHH 2030 Comment 2030 TOT PM 2 LNS NOUHH Jurisdiction/Date Major Sheet Minor Sheet 11/29/200 MOHOULI ST EXTENSION PONOHAWAI ST Input Lane Configuration NB SB WB EB Lane 1 (curb) R T R Lane 2 T L L Lane 3 NB SB WB EB Movement 1 (LT) 2 (TH) 3 (RT) 4,(11) 5 (TH) 6 (RT) 7 (L7) 8 (TH) 9 (RT) 10 (LT) 11 (TH) 12 (RF) Volume (veh/h) 685 7 106 435 11 161 PHF .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Proportion of heavy vehicles, HV t 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow rate 761 8 118 483 12 179 Flare storage (N of vehs) - - 0 Median storage (k of vehs) 0 Signal upstream of Movement 2 Length of study period (h) R •25 Movement 5 fl Output Data, Lane Movement Flow Rate (veh/h) Capacity (veh/h) v/c Queue Length (veh) Control Delay (s) LOS Approach Delay and LOS 1Bw, 1 R 179 404 .443 2 20.8 C 22 2 L 12 118 .101 <1 38.9 E 3 C 1 EB 2 3 118 841 .14 <1 10 A HICAP 2000 TM O1 ' oCatalina Engineering, Inc. •