HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0128.054 2010-2012William P. Kenoi
Mayor
William T. Takaba
Managing Director
September 28, 2011
Glut. of
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS
Aupuni Center
101 Pauahi Street, Suite 7 • Hilo, Hawai`i 96720 -4224
(808) 961 -8321 • Fax (808) 961 -8630
www.co.hawaii.hi.us
Dominic Yagong, Council Chair and
Members of the Hawaii County Council
Hawaii County Council
25 Aupuni Street
Hilo, HI 96720
SUBJECT: BILL 270 (DRAFT 3)
Warren H. W. Lee
Director
Brandon A. K. Gonzalez
Deputy Director
Please include the enclosed Attachments 1, 2 and 3 to correspondence dated and
submitted to Council on September 16, 2011 regarding Bill 270 (Draft 3), Comm. No.
128.39. The Attachments were inadvertently not included with the September 16
transmittal.
The Department of Public Works apologizes for the oversight.
arren H. .
Director
Attachments
County of Hawai`i is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer.
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Comm, No. / ? a • 5T
Ref. To•.
Ref. Dote SEP 29 2911
Attachment 1
9/28/2011
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC
WORKS
2006 INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE
BILL 270, DRAFT 3
PUBLIC CONCERNS
THE INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE 2006 EDITION
9/28/2011
Attachment 1
9/28/2011
COMPARISONS
BILL 270, DRAFT 3
9/28/2011
WIND LOAD
Current Chapter 5
Proposed Chapter 5
Justification
section 2311 BASE
Section 1609.1.1
Present formula
WIND SPEED is the
Determination of wind loads.
outdated.
fastest -mile wind
Wind loads on every building
Proposed formula
association with an
or structure shall be
based upon
annual probability of
determined in accordance
recent data and
0.02 measured at a
with Chapter 6 of ASCE 7 -05.
studies, including
point 33 feet above
topographic
the ground for an
Section 1609.1.4. or W1010.2
maps.
area having high
basic wind speed (3- second
exposure to category
gust), miles per hour. V3s =105
C. v= 80mph...
(continued on next
slide)
mph.
(continued on next slide)
9/28/2011
9/28/2011
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
STRUCTURES J
WIND LOAD
(CONTINUED)
Old Chapter 5
Proposed Chapter 5
Justification
Justification
The provision is
essentially a distillation
of the wind load
provision in American
National Standards
Institute (ANSI) A58. 1-
1972 and 1982.
section 2311 offers a
somewhat simplified
procedure and does
not make provisions
for dynamic effects.
ASCE standard provisions for
wind loads on typical low -rise
buildings (2005 version)
incorporate a factor of safety
to peak wind loads on
structural systems.
Present formula
outdated.
Proposed formula
based upon
recent data and
studies, including
topographic
maps.
National Standard
when FEMA
funding is
provided.
9/28/2011
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
STRUCTURES J
Current Chapter 5
Proposed Chapter 5
Justification
No Provision
Sets out special requirements
for Community Storm Shelters
in accordance with
ICC /NSSA -500. (section 421.2)
National Standard
when FEMA
funding is
provided.
9/28/2011
9/28/2011
-EMERGENCYPREPAREDNESS
STRUCTURES
Current Chapter 5
Proposed Chapter 5
Justification
No Provision
Sets out requirements for safe
One option
rooms relating to design
required by the
criteria, maximum
State Building
occupancy, exiting provisions,
structural integrity, debris
Code for partially
enclosed
impact protection,
communications, and
structures. Allows a
more economical
ventilation. Residential safe
solution for
rooms shall not be
protection of
constructed in areas subject
wind -borne debris
to stream flooding or coastal
flooding (section 422)
than 2006 IBC.
9/28/2011
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
STRUCTURES
(CONTfNifED)—
Current Chapter 5
Proposed Chapter 5
Justification
No Provision
Sets out special requirements
Establishes
for State -and County -owned
minimum life
high occupancy buildings
safety design
pertaining to Enhanced
criteria mandated
Hurricane Protection Areas.
by Act 82 for
These special requirements
emergency
relate to flood resistance,
emergency vehicle access,
occupancy capacity, toilet
facilities, accessibility, design
wind, rain, and impact roads,
ventilation, and quality
assurance. (section 423)
preparedness and
post disaster
operations.
9/28/2011
9/28/2011
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
STRUCTURES
{CONTl- NUJ -EB) -
Current Chapter 5
Proposed Chapter 5
Justification
No Provision
In wind -borne debris regions,
glazing in buildings shall be
impact- resistant or protected
with impact- resistant covering
(section 1609.1.2.1. Also
W101.4). Wood pre -cut
structural panels with a
minimum thickness of 7/16
inch shall be permitted for
opening protection.
Meets Federal and
State Building
Code
requirements.
9/28/2011
EM- ER-GENC REDNESS
STRUCTURES
Current Chapter 5
Proposed Chapter 5
Justification
No Provision
Partially enclosed occupancy
R -3 buildings shall include a
residential safe room
(amending section 1609.1.2.1)
One option
allowed by the
State Building
Code, instead of
opening
protection for
entire home as
required by 2006
IBC.
9/28/2011
9/28/2011
EARTHQUAKE LOADS (JUSTIFICATION,
NO COMPARISON)
ADMINISTRATIVE: GENERAL
Current Chapter 5
Current Chapter 5
Proposed Chapter 5
Justification
Deputies section 202
(b)
The procedures and
limitations are for the
design of structures
are determined
considering zoning,
site characteristics,
occupancy,
configuration,
structural system, and
height. Selection of
lateral force
procedure includes
static and dynamic...
Every structure and portion
thereof shall be designed and
constructed to resist the
effects of earthquake motions
in accordance with ASCE7.
National standards
version 7
developed by the
American Society
of Civil Engineer
(ASCE).
9/28/2011
ADMINISTRATIVE: GENERAL
Current Chapter 5
Proposed Chapter 5
Justification
Deputies section 202
(b)
Department of Public works
staff may be deputized in the
event of a major natural
disaster. (section 5 -15.)
Authorizes a
building official's
duty during an
natural disaster.
No provision
County officers and agents
acting in good faith in the
discharge of all duties are not
liable for damages.( section 5-
16. )
Consistent with
Bills, draft 3, 268
and 269
9/28/2011
9/28/2011
ADMINISTRATIVE: INSPECTIONS
Current Chapter 5
Proposed Chapter 5
Justification
No Provision
Owner builders will have the
option to have inspections
performed by a licensed
contractor or certified by
licensed architects /engineers.
(section 5 -41.) (e)
Bills 268 and 269
draft 3, to provide
flexibility to
builders.
9/28/2011
ADMINISTRATIVE: INSPECTIONS
Current Chapter 5
Proposed Chapter 5
Justification
The building official
may require that
every request for
inspection be filed at
least 48 hours before
such inspection is
desired. Such request
may be in writing or
by telephone at the
option of the building
official. (section 5-
1.0.13.) (c).
The notice that the work is
ready for inspection shall be in
writing on forms furnished by
the authority having
jurisdiction, by e -mail to the
area inspectors, or maybe be
faxed or by telephone at the
option of the building official.
(section 5 -41.) (a)
Consistent with Bills
draft 3, 268 and
269 to provide
more flexibility for
project schedules
9/28/2011
9/28/2011
PERMITS
Current Chapter 5
Proposed Chapter 5
Justification
section 5-1.0.11.
Permits issued may be
Permits are
Proposed Chapter 5
assigned, or transferred to
transferable and
Plans shall be
designed and
stamped by a
professional architect
or structural engineer
if a single story R -3
occupancy is more
than 1,300 square
feet.
another by the permittee, to
allowed in draft 3
whom it was issued. This
requirement also applies to all
to allow sale,
completion
building permits issued prior to
without re-
the adoption of this code
permitting.
(section 5-28) (g)
9/28/2011
SPECIFICATIONS & PLANS
Current Chapter 5
Proposed Chapter 5
Justification
Plans shall be
designed and
stamped by a
professional architect
or structural engineer
if a single story R -3
occupancy is more
than 1,300 square
feet.
Plans shall be designed and
stamped by a professional
architect or structural
engineer if single story R -3
(Single family home or duplex)
occupancy is more than 600
square feet. (section 5 -25) (c)
(1)
Consistent with
Hawaii State
Statute 464 to
allow single family
residence up to
$50,000 in value
without
professional
stamp.
9/28/2011
9/28/2011
SPECIFICATIONS & PLANS
Current Chapter 5
Proposed Chapter 5
Justification
Plans shall be
designed and
stamped by a
professional architect
or structural engineer
if the structure is a
mixed occupancy
building with more
than 1,800 square feet
of total area.
Plans shall be designed and
stamped by a professional
architect or structural
engineer if the structure is of
mixed occupancies ( R -3 and
U Occupancies) with more
than 1,200 square feet of total
floor area. (section 5 -25) (c)
(2)
Total area of a
dwelling including
Garage, lanai, etc
allowed without
professional
stamp.
9/28/2011
PACKAGE HOMES
Current Chapter 5
Proposed Chapter 5
Justification
No Provision
New pre - approval for
package homes with no
changes are limited to three
typical model home designs
per manufacturer per year.
(section 5-26.) (1)
Expedite building
permit process for
package homes.
No Provision
New exception added
exempting pre- approved R -3
package model homes from
plan and specifications
requirements with the
approval of the Building
Division (section 5 -28) (a)
9/28/2011
9/28/2011
VIOLATIONS
Current Chapter 5
Proposed Chapter 5
Justification
section 5- 1.0.6.
Amending section
205. New Provision
Failure to comply with any
provision of this code, any rule
adopted pursuant to this
code, or with conditions
imposed as part of any permit
or variance from the provisions
of this code, shall constitute a
violation of this code (section
5 -58) (b)
Consistent with Bills
draft 2, 268 and
269 in an effort to
allow code
enforcement for
public health and
safety
9/28/2011
r-
VIOLATIONS
Current Chapter 5
Proposed Chapter 5
Justification
Language revised
...to make the building or
portion thereof comply with
the requirements of this code.
(section 5 -59) (a).
Non - compliance with
the code can be
considered a
misdemeanor (up to 1
year in jail or $2000
fine). (section 5- 1.0.6.)
Noncompliance can only be
considered a petty
misdemeanor (up to 30 days
in jail or $1000 fine) (section 5-
61.) (a) This aids enforcement
since the requirements are less
stringent and was
incorporated into the bill on
the advice from Corporation
Counsel.
Classification of
offense lowered.
No longer a
misdemeanor and
penalties reduced
9/28/2011
9/28/2011
VIOLATIONS
Current Chapter 5
Proposed Chapter 5
Justification
Language revised
9/28/2011
Whenever the administrative
authority determines that there
exists a violation of any provision
of this code, the administrative
authority shall serve a notice of
violation upon the parties
responsible for the violation,
which may include, but shall not
be limited to the owner, and any
lessee of the property where the
violation is located.
Chapter 38, group R
occupancy
FIRE PROTECTION
Current Chapter 5
Proposed Chapter 5
Justification
Chapter 38, group R
occupancy
section 903.2.7 Group R. An
automatic sprinkler system
installed in accordance with
section 903.3 shall be
provided throughout all
buildings with a group R fire
area. Exception: R -3
Residential Occupancies
Added exception
for R -3, including
single family
dwellings pending
State Fire Council
adoption of rules.
9/28/2011
9/28/2011
1-
THE END
INDIGENOUS ARCHITECTURE
MAHALO
Current Chapter 5
Proposed Chapter 5
Justification
No Provision
Adopts specific provisions
regarding to Hawaiian
indigenous architecture
relating to material
requirements, height and size
limitations, zoning, minimum
separation, uses and activities,
fire sprinklers, and design
standards. (Appendix X)
Mandates specific
provisions to be
adopted
regarding
indigenous
architecture for
cultural expression
(section 5 -3.2.)
Adopted by
Ordinance
9/28/2011
1-
THE END
MAHALO
9/28/2011
9/28/2011
• http: / /hawaii.gov /dags /bcc /comments /approved-
1ui ing- code -ruts
WIND DESIGN
American Association of Civil Engineers publishes wind
design methods beginning in 1998 (ASCE -7)
IBC incorporates ASCE -7 (2005) for wind design
Hawaii is defined as "Hurricane Prone" (IBC 1 609.2)
❖ All of Hawaii is also designated as a "Wind -Borne Debris
Region" (1609.2)
• Glazing protection is required with exceptions (1609.1.2)
• The Hawaii County Code amendment provides exemptions
to these requirements by amendment (Bill 270, 1609.1.2
Exception 4)
• Public and critical occupancies must comply (1604.5)
9/28/2011
WIND DESIGN
Residential Structures R -3, Occupancy Category II may have
unprotected openings (1609.1.2 Exception 4:
• "Glazing ... shall be assumed to be openings ")
Design Professional must determine if glazing (openings)
creates a "Partially Enclosed" structure per ASCE -7 (ASCE -7
Chapter 6.2 Definitions)
• State law requires that a "Partially Enclosed Residence (R -3)"
must have a Safe Room (Bill 270, Sec.1 609.1.2.1)
• "Open" or "Enclosed" buildings (or in flood areas) are
exempt (Section 422.2)
WIND DESIGN
(CONTINUED)
TYPE
PROTECTION REQUIRED /TYPE
OPEN
NO
N/A
PARTIALLY
ENCLOSED
YES
High Impact Glazing
Protected openings
Safe Room
ENCLOSED
NO
N/A
9/28/2011
WIND DESIGN
PARTIALY ENCLOSED STRUCTURES
1. OPENINGS ON ONE
WALL> 110% OF
BALANCE OF OPENINGS?
TWO PART TEST
NO
YES
2. BALANCE OF OPENINGS <
20% OF REMAINING WALLS?
YES
NO OPENING PROTECTION
REQUIRED
NO
PROTECTION OF OPENINGS
PLYWOOD CUTOUTS
APPROVED SHUTTERS, ETC
OR SAFE ROOM
NO OPENING PROTECTION
REQUIRED
WIND DESIGN
PARTIALY ENCLOSED STRUCTURES
The department of Public Works proposes that there be 3
ways in which R -3 structures can vary from this requirement
(W101.4 Revisions to Sec 1609.1.2):
1. Protect all windows of the home with impact resistive glazing or
impact protective systems
2. Protect all windows of the home using pre -cut plywood sheets
3. Add pre - installed permanent attachments on the walls and
design the home for partially enclosed conditions
Or provide one safe room (1609.1.2.1 & Sec 422)
• These options accommodate a range of costs.
9/28/2011
EMERGENCY SHELTERS
SAFE ROOM
J
State law requires design standards relating to "Emergency shelters being built
in compliance with hurricane resistant criteria"
It does not mandate the use of a residential safe room, but if one is installed, it
must adhere to the minimum requirements set forth by Public Works Bill 270,
draft 3 section 422.
9/28/2011
PERMITS
• If you have a present permit, and the new building code ordinance takes
effect, you can operate under your existing permit.
• Under the proposed ordinance, if work does not commence within 120
days a new permit must be obtained. If the work has commenced but is
not completed within 3 years, a new permit must also be obtained.
• No increase in permit fees (section 5 -31)
9/28/2011
9/28/2011
TRANSFER OF PERMITS
• Transfer of building permits are allowed
• Transfer of plumbing and electrical permits are allowed to another licensed
contractor
• The permit expiration will remain from original issue date
9/28/2011
INSPECTIONS
• A request for scheduled inspection must be filed with the inspector not less
than 48 hours and no more than 72 hours by fax, email, or phone call.
• The inspector has 48 hours excluding holidays and weekends to respond.
• If the building inspector does not keep to the schedule or if the area to be
inspected is covered or concealed, a Hawai'i State licensed contractor,
architect /engineer, in a letter to Public Works verifies the project meets the
current codes.
• The letter must be stamped and signed.
9/28/2011
9/28/2011
VIOLATIONS & ENFORCEMENT
• In order to aid enforcement, noncompliance with the provisions of the
code are considered a petty misdemeanor. This provision was included on
the recommendation of Corporation Counsel.
9/28/2011
Attachment 2
9/28/2011
4*
Central Pacific Hurricane Center
2011 Hurricane Preparedness Briefing
www.weathe r.gov /c phc
National Weather Service
Honolulu, HI
Briefin g Outline
• CPHC Review
• 2010 Tropical Weather Season in Review
• Tropical Weather Climatology
• Outlook
• Definitions
• Tropical Weather Ingredients
• Tropical Cyclone Impacts
• Myths
• Questions
www.weather.gov /cphc
Attachment 2
9/28/2011
CPHC Review
• 39 staff members,
including
meteorologists,
electronic technicians,
programmers and
researchers
• Responsibility for
140W -180 (north of
the equator)
• Other responsibilities:
Aviation, Climate,
Marine, Public, Surf,
Fire Weather, Satellite,
and more...
www.weather.gov/cphc
HFO & CPHC Review
Aviation Program Responsibility
Marine Program Responsibility
Tropical Program Responsibility
www.weather.gov/cphc
2
2010 Tropical Season Review
www.weathe r. gov /c phc
• La Nina dominates
• Tropical Storm Omeka
— 16 -22 December
— Peak winds near 50
knots
— Impacts to NW Hawaiian
Islands
9/28/2011
3
•
Tropical Weather Climatology
gy
• Central Pacific Average per • 1970 to 2010: 175 Tropical
Year Cyclones
— 4 -5 Tropical Cyclones — 30% Hurricanes
— 37% Tropical Storms
— 33% Tropical
Depressions
www.weathe r. gov /cp he
• Direct hits rare...but
devastating
— 3 in last 50+ years
— Dot (1959), Iwa (1982),
Iniki (1992)
• Central Pacific Tropical Cyclones 1970 -2010
80
9/28/2011
4
9/28/2011
Central Pacific Tropical Cyclones 1970 -2010
Tropical Storm Fernanda
August 18 -20
N'til rl �I i �o�ithr���l�
Tropical Storm Fernando
Modal Aga
11 AU INT Milan 11
NW, Ctnlnl paanc Humane Cum,
Potential Trade Area:
Jay IJ ('l: Hhy'a5
Current Information: •
Center Location 14A N IVA if
Mae Sunnn.d WNW iS mph
AbrratentWMWa heard
Watches:
Hurricane IrapAt rN
Forsnst Positions:
• 1ropkd CYdOtle 0 Post -4%4al
&Astaire.' Winds: o • aS mph
S 74P1 eph H /I 11Q mph M • Thrash
Warnings:
Mil Hurricane 'rrop.Starn
5
9/28/2011
•
Definitions
• Tropical Cyclone: Generic term. Includes
Tropical Depressions, Tropical Storms, and
Hurricanes.
• Tropical Depression: Winds of 38 mph or less.
Assigned a number (e.g., TD -01C)
• Tropical Storm: Winds of 39 to 73 mph.
Assigned a name.
• Hurricane: Winds of 74 mph or higher. Five
Categories. Category 5 >155mph
www.we at h e r. gov /c p h c
Tropical Cyclone Ingredients
• Sea Surface Temperatures above 80F (26.5 C) over a
large area
• Low level disturbance
• Deep layer moisture
• Instability
• Weak vertical wind shear
• Distance from the Equator
www.weather.gov /cphc
4
6
9/28/2011
• Sea-Surface Temperature Climatology Ir
421.
to
sas
act coca iso 224 6Cw
1111111.11111M3====.
4 6 a 10 11 14 6 15 20 02 24 26 26
I 13e 1 3.0 42,4 ‚ow
it:, 24 -r01111
301
451
451
so
ert■
205
623
aes
646
4466 '0 11 14 16 16 20 21 24 26 26
16) ".
4 6 3 '1;1 71 14 16 10 20 22 24 26 26
Sea-Surface Temperature Climatology Ir ji
7
9/28/2011
Ocean Heat Content (OHC)
Warm water (fuel) is often not just at the surface
www.weather.gov /cphc
8
Deep Layer Moisture
Dry
76626 Guadalupe
100
200
300
400
500
60
700
800
900
dinir
Alinitarissa-M: MSS
milassaaniMinawitin
lo No Ps zi .e8 stoff ir 4 ia4t
,..•..,.y:.
•
-40 -30 -20
10 20 30 40
Bad for Development
www.weather.gov/cphc
Moist
91165
100
"L 00
300
400
600
600
700
five
900
-40
PHLI Lieu.
C \,:, `I
' T
'
2
r r�x�K
e�v
7 .
'
A
V /
®,
i'
r x; 1g*
4210:. •
- - -
-X: --f'X
�g r
% - .a•
""a
1
0111M0/0:0
: .
-tr. - ......,<.:...
.ts
,: _=
arAVe ripg•
-30 -20 -10 0
10 20 30 40
Good for Development
• Cold air above
warm air
promotes lift, and
convection
9/28/2011
9
•
Effect of Vertical Wind Shear
40,000 ft /200 mb
Typical cruising altitude
of commercial enplane
r 5,000 ft/850 mb
www.weather.gov /cphc
Surface
•
Coriolis Force
www.weather.gov/cphc
• This force aids in
"spinning up" a
disturbance
• Caused because the
Equator rotates faster
than land areas both
to the north and
south
9/28/2011
10
9/28/2011
Tropical Cyclone Impacts
• Extreme Winds: During Iniki winds gusted higher than 150 mph, and
during Iwa they were higher than 120 mph.
• Flash Flooding: TD 1 -C dropped 14+ inches above Hilo, while Iniki brought
8 -10 inches.
• Storm Surge: Iniki generated 3 to 4 foot surge and 30 -35 ft waves.
Honolulu Advertiser
www.weather.gov/cphc
SEMP
Position Error (NM)
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
%qt y��e tip, , , ti9, 1 /
www.weather.gov /cphc Year
CPHC Tropical Cyclone Track Forecast
Five Year Running Mean Error
—6.-12 hour forecast
—w-24 how breast
ti -39 tour breast
—a -48 hour breast
X72 how breast
—+-9e how breast
X120 how breast
FY10481TFaecastGG — -_
ry ti tiv i f
11
Myths /Rumors
• Misconception: No Category 5s could exist in
Central Pacific — 3 occurred in 1994; one in
2006 (loke)
• Misconception: The Big Island is Protected by
Mountains — Category 3 in August 1871,
Tropical Storm in 1958.
• ALL Islands at EQUAL Risk
• 1 out of 15 chance of hurricane winds
somewhere in Hawaii every year
Myths /Rumors
• Hawaii is hit by a tropical cyclone every 10
years
• The "I" storms
9/28/2011
12
Attachment 3
Hawaii Wind Design Requirements for Hurricanes
Gary Chock, S.E
Structural Engineers Association of H . waii Representative
to the State Building Code Council
Peak
sign Windspeed for Hawaii in the
rricane Hazard Analysis
IBC is based o
• The now obsolete Uniform Building Co
windspeed of 80 mph was based on a 19
weather station sites using a technique for sy
longer accepted for hurricane hazard analysis.
fastest -mile design
tudy of two Honolulu
tic winds, that is no
• The best modern estimates of hurricane hazard to Ha : ii have been
developed using state -of the art computer simulations by o
independent nationally recognized researchers working un, er grants
from NASA and the Hawaii Hurricane Relief Fund.
• These regional studies of the eastern and central Pacific Ocean
encompassed modeling of the equivalent of thousands of storm
originating in their historically preferred areas, with tracking of the uIl
path of each storm taking into account local sea surface temperat es
and climatic conditions.
Attachment 3 1
Tropical Cyclones n
r Hawaii since 1949
Contours show • a ber of times in 10 years a storm (of at
least tropical storm inte • ) passes within 75 Nmi of a site
30 -vr. Historical
Tendency
West of 140 °W, most 30
storms go south of
Hawaii, some drift north
but die off in intensity, 20
some make a sharp turn
north while retaining 10
stronger intensity
Monte Carlo Simulation
Simulated storm origins
(year, month, initial
direction) per historical
tendency
Track each storm across
the Pacific using formulas
for direction, translation
speed, and intensity
Storms "die" in simulation
when intensity is low
enough
30
20
10
-11C -160 -150 -140 -130 -120 -110 -100
2
Pea • st Design Windspeed
• These wind models were utilize
Engineers standards committees to
in the ASCE 7 Standard, Minimum Desi
Other Structures. The 3- second basic winds
for Hawaii is defined by the 500 -year return pe
-N11.6.
the American Society of Civil
the Basic Windspeed for Hawaii
Loads for Buildings and
ed gust value of 105 mph
d speed divided by
• This Standard is developed using a consensus -based
accredited by the American National Standards Institute.
committees involved in the ASCE 7 Standard have a balan
participation of practicing engineers, building officials, constr
industry association representatives, and researchers.
cedure that is
he technical
d
ction
• The national model codes have adopted accredited national stan ' ards
like ASCE 7 so that detailed technical provisions can be develope,' in a
non - political environment and be subject to peer review by those 'th
nationally recognized expertise. ICC adopts such standards by
reference and sometimes extracts key portion of text to include in th
codes.
Hurrican ategories
Saffir- Simpson Category
1
2
3
4
1 minute Sustained
mph
74
- 94
94 - 110
110 - 1
130
- 155
Peak Gust (over land)
mph
82
- 108
108 - 130
130 - 156
6
- 191
3
Topographic Win • - •eed Map developed by Chock also
accounts for mesoscale s - tering and acceleration effects
• 10 -year program of research and deve •ment to develop topographic
wind maps with the same probability of oc rence, so that there would
be no bias in likelihood.
• In late 2009, this body of work was adopted by th- tate Building Code
Council.
• In 2011, it was awarded the Outstanding Achievement! Civil
Engineering by the Hawaii Chapter of the American Socie of Civil
Engineers.
• The maps are also nationally recognized in the ASCE 7 Stan • -rd,
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, 20
edition.
• The maps giving the topographic effects for every major island in he
state are also published electronically and available for no charge :t the
State Building Code Council website.
Martin & Chock, In
Effective Wind Spe -• k ap for Components & Cladding of Buildings
developed by research into ignificant differences between Hawaii's
complex island terrain co . -red to the mainland USA
Martin & Chock, In
4
G a ' = 'rotection from Windborne
Debris — Inter = Tonal Building Code
Applicable to any portion of a building up • •0 ft. height and within 30 ft.
above any aggregate surface roofs located wi 'n 1,500 feet of the building
ASCE . _ :C 2006 Windborne Debris
Re
ements
• Windborne debris regions are established fo = eas of the country with hurricane risk
based on distance from the coastline. Landfalling rricanes on the continental
United States lose intensity of wind speed once they - - no longer over the ocean
energy source. The distance for the windborne debris reg varies, but it is generally
in the range of 50 to 150 miles from the coastline.
• For the continent, ASCE selected the 120 mph 3- second gust wi ' d hazard contour as
an approximation of the coastal region subject to debris from landf- ing hurricanes.
That is, the basis is distance from the coast and not the wind speed : lue.
• In Hawaii, the islands are not nearly large enough to isolate hurricane sy ems from
their oceanic source of energy, and even when landfalling events occur, th- cyclone
quickly passes over the island with no significant diminishment of intensity. oreover,
hurricane systems can pass to any side of the islands and the windfield of hur 'canes
is large enough to generate hurricane force winds on land even without the dir- t
passage of the eye of the storm overhead.
• Thus, Hawaii statewide is designated as a windborne debris region in recognitio of
the physics of the tropical cyclone environment being different for Hawaii than th
mainland.
5
Hawaii
mendments for Windborne
Debris Pro ed Safe Room
• IBC 2006 requires opening protection for all wi •ws and doors in all Hurricane
Zones up to 60 ft height (including Hawaii)
• In 2005, the Hawaii State Legislature required State Civ •efense to "develop
Hawaii public shelter and residential safe room design criter - by January 1, 2006,
and shall facilitate impact resistance testing and certification o afe room design."
• Hawaii State Amendment provides option of including a home saf- room, instead
of protecting the entire exterior enclosure of the building. Rather tha being
required to protect all windows in new home construction with protecti - systems
or impact- resistant glazing, one can select a single room to harden as a awaii
Residential Safe Room as far less cost.
• The Hawaii Residential Safe Room is a local Hawaii standard that is essen 'ally a
relaxation of the national code, based on cost benefit considerations for the
moderate hurricane hazard of Hawaii compared to other mainland regions. If he
Hawaii Residential Safe Room is not adopted as a local standard alternative t
the IBC 2006, then Hawaii residents will pay more for new home construction.
i Amendment
1609.1.2.1 Building with openings. Whe
opening in accordance with Section 1609.
evaluated to determine if the openings are of
constitute an open or partially enclosed building
Open and partially enclosed buildings shall be desi
with the applicable provisions of ASCE 7. Partially e
Occupancy R -3 buildings shall also include a residentia
accordance with Section 422, Hawaii Residential Safe Ro
glazing is assumed to be an
the building shall be
fficient area to
s defined in ASCE 7.
ed in accordance
losed
safe room in
[ Note: R -3 residential occupancies include those that do not contain mo - than two
dwelling units, Adult facilities that provide accommodations for five or fewe persons
of any age for less than 24 hours, Child care facilities that provide accommodations
for five or fewer persons of any age for less than 24 hours, Congregate livin
facilities with 16 or fewer persons]
Martin & Chock, In
6
Hawaii ' 'dential Safe Room
(Hawaii Amended IBC Sect. • 422 and IRC Section R325)
"422.1.1 Intent and Scope. The intent of the Re dential Safe Room is to
temporarily provide an enhanced protection area, enclosed within a
dwelling or within an accessory structure to a residen - which is designed and
constructed to withstand the wind pressures, windborne • bris impacts, and
other requirements of this section. "
"422.2 Site Criteria. Residential Safe Rooms shall not be constructed within
areas subject to stream flooding, coastal flooding or dam failure in dation
within any of the following areas:
1. FEMA Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA) subject to rainfall runo
flooding or stream or flash flooding;
2. Coastal zones "V" or "A" identified in the Flood Insurance Rate Map IRM)
issued by FEMA for floodplain management purposes, in which the fl • od
hazard are tides, storm surge, waves, tsunamis, or a combination oft - se
hazards;
3. Areas subject to dam failure inundation as determined by the Departme t
of Land and Natural Resources."
AST - ' 1 .RD E1996 Standard Specification for Performance of
Exterior Windows, Cu -• • Walls, Doors and Storm Shutters Impacted by
Windborn- •ebris in Hurricanes
Windborne Debris
Testing Device built
per Hawaii State
Legislature
requirement
7
• Typical Style of Home Construction One Example
Hardie Board — HomeWrap — Studs @16" o.c. Gypsum Board
• 3/4" Structural Plywood exterior sh
3/4" Plywood — Studs @ 24"
8
clusions
• Design Basic Windspeed 3 -sec. gust, was derived utilizing a Monte
Carlo simulation of the East - Central Paci i egion. The windspeed
value of 105 mph is justified by two independ- • research studies that
complied with the ASCE 7 criteria for regional wi , analysis in hurricane
regions.
• Hawaii amendments include maps that account for Ioc- topography
effects on windspeed.
• Hawaii residents cannot evacuate inland to escape hurrican winds
• Section 422, Hawaii Residential Safe Room , provides an alte ative
lower cost option in lieu of the IBC requirement for glazing prot- tion of
all windows of R -3 residential construction.
• Cladding for the safe room is relatively simple to achieve:
- Cement Board siding over 5/8" thick structural plywood
- 3/4" thick structural plywood
- 22 gage sheet metal
- The safe room window should have impact protected laminated glazing
9