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Home My WebLink AboutCOM 0726.000 2010-2012 oJMtYOfM.. .. • ‘11,41 • ..•pp`�.'� ;*•; Warren H.W.Lee William P.Kenoi •�I�� =•.� Mayor �- '��__ Director •"•!i' _.,••{. William T.Takaba OfM�- Brandon A.K.Gonzalez Managing Director Deputy Director (� J tunf if .a at`i DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS Aupuni Center 101 Pauahi Street,Suite 7 Hilo,Hawai`i 96720-4224 (808)961-8321 -Fax(808)961-8630 www.co.hawaii.hi.us APRIL 24, 2012 : HONORABLE CHAIRMAN DOMINIC YAGONG :" AND MEMBERS OF THE HAWAI'I COUNTY COUNCIL 1v HAWAI'I COUNTY COUNCIL H I LO HI 96720 cv SUBJECT: TRANSMITTAL OF DOCUMENTS: NINE (9) COPIES OF 2010 ANNUAL TRAFFIC SAFETY REPORT The Department of Public Works Traffic Division is transmitting nine (9) copies of the 2010 Annual Traffic Safety Report for your use. APPROVED W/a., si: r Warren H.W. Lee William P. Kenoi Director of Public Works Mayor R LT/ATT cc: TRF Public Works Committee Chair (w/attach) Chief of Police Comm. No. 7Zk Ref. To:J7W PR.L Ref. Date MAY 14 20j2 County of Hawai'i is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer. ki Li''AHECIlff _ i tffff!@ J Li- --LI M©ty , ,g iii 1:c3 ,c,„:„„_,,.,,,.. ...:.,, ._ ,, s,�m'Rf: ._ :t 6 ' �* , ...� 1 Sri / , r k S4 3 r ; i I FINLIIIII. ' i , a I I @c)un opily9 c aswell I DepsraunDwita 1 Pu OO© w o u(m I card r 20 11 I I A H [2Ni L J [invT°- @ Sff_f_Lt 2oL (c) oouthrr afwB°8 Deparitmacit o E n © 1® m 6© Dhibilorn Septenbe r ?2©118 The County of Hawaii, Department of Public Works - Traffic Division, has prepared this 2010 Annual Traffic Safety Report. The undersigned hereby certifies that this 2010 Annual Traffic Safety Report was reviewed and approved as written and presented herein. Dated: /,2 '2D ' a 27i Ro aid L. Thiel, P.E., Division Chief Department of Public Works—Traffic Division County of Hawaii 3A/U/L Dated: 171 -2-6 Q` Warren H. W. Lee, P.E., Director Department of Public Works County of Hawaii I CREDITS Report Author and Contributor Aaron Takaba, P.E. Traffic Division-Administration Contributors: Ronald L. Thiel, P.E. Traffic Division (Chief)-Administration Justin Privett, P.E. Traffic Division-Safety Section Kent Tsutsui Traffic Division-Traffic Signals and Street Lights Peter Noyes Traffic Division-Traffic Signs and Markings Maurice Nakata Traffic Division-Traffic Signs and Markings Wendi Tuliao Traffic Division-Administration Devin Chang Traffic Division-Administration Noelani Whittington DPW-Administration Cres Rambayon Engineering Division Sandy Tokeshi HPD-Traffic Services Section Winnie Cabral HPD-Traffic Services Section Melanio Lorenzo Highways Division Tom Brown Mass Transit Agency Colleen Schrandt Office of the Legislative Auditor Stan Sitko Real Property Tax Division Goro Sulijoadikusumo, P.E. DOT-Highways Division Warren Yamamoto, P.E. AECOM Pacific, Inc. Mitch Caya Mandli Communications, Inc. Tim Coiling, PhD., P.E. Michigan Technological University Chris Pinnow Michigan Technological University REFERENCES 1. Administrative Rules Regarding Speed Humps on County Highways 2. County of Hawaii Data Book 3. County of Hawaii ITS Strategic Program Plan 4. ITE Guidelines for the Design and Application of Speed Humps 5. 2009 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) 6. Roadside Safety Audit—Prioritization of High Accident Location Methodologies 7. Safety Analysis Without the Legal Paralysis: The Road Safety Audit Program 8. State of Hawaii 2009 Data Book 9. State of Hawaii DOT-Highways Division-GIS Portal 10. Trip Generation handbook (7th Edition) 11. http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/rsa/Iegal.cfm 12. http://www.trafficlogix.com/ ii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 Report Background 1.2 Report Purpose 1.3 Report Outline 1.4 Report Period 2. TRAFFIC DIVISION 2.1 Program Description 2.2 Division Organization —Sections 2.2.1 Administration Section 2.2.2 Traffic Safety Section 2.2.3 Traffic Signals and Street Lights Section 2.2.4 Traffic Signs and Markings Section 2.3 Staff Summary 3. TRAFFIC VOLUMES 3.1 Annual Vehicle Miles of Travel 3.2 Average Daily Traffic 4. TRAFFIC ACCIDENT DATA AND STATISTICS 4.1 Accident Quick Facts 4.2 Accident Frequency and Accident Rate Rankings 5. EXISTING CONDITIONS 5.1 Length of Streets and Highways 5.2 Length of Resurfacing and Restriping 5.3 Traffic Calming 5.3.1 Speed Humps 5.3.2 Awareness Striping A. Zig-zag Striping B. Shark's Teeth Striping 5.3.3 Driver Feedback Signs 5.4 Traffic Signal Systems 5.5 Intelligent Transportation Systems Strategic Plan 5.5 Street Lights 5.7 Traffic Signs 6. TRAFFIC INVESTIGATIONS AND PROJECTS 6.1 Overview 6.2 Traffic Investigations 6.3 Traffic Projects iii 7. TRAFFIC EDUCATION 7.1 Overview 7.2 Accomplishments 7.3 Goals 8. TRAFFIC SIGN RETROREFLECTIVITY PROGRAM 8.1 Overview 8.1.1 Federal Mandate 8.1.2 Purpose of Retroreflectivity Requirements 8.1.3 New Retroreflectivity Requirements 8.1.4 Responsibilities of Public Agencies 8.1.5 Maintaining Minimum Retroreflectivity 8.2 The Program 8.2.1 Traffic Sign Estimate for Hawaii County 8.2.2 Method Selection 8.3 Traffic Sign Inventory 8.3.1 Data Acquisition —Status 8.3.2 Data Acquisition —Consultant 8.3.3 Data Acquisition —Budget 8.4 Transportation Asset Management Software 8.4.1 Background 8.4.2 RoadSoft GIS 8.4.3 Sign Module 9. OTHER PROGRAMS 9.1 Overview 9.2 Mass Transit 9.3 Police Enforcement 10. SUMMARY 10.1 Goals 10.2 Staff 10.3 Projects 10.3.1 Road Safety Audit Program 10.3.2 Traffic Signals 10.4 Programs 10.4.1 Traffic Education 10.4.2 Traffic Sign Retroreflectivity Program iv CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 REPORT BACKGROUND The Annual Traffic Safety Report is published by the County of Hawaii, Department of Public Works — Traffic Division (TRF) and summarizes data and information pertaining to TRF. This report is a strategic planning tool utilizing traffic accident and volume data and other relevant information for project planning (See Road Safety Audit Program). This is the first version of the Annual Traffic Safety Report. All traffic accident information, including major and minor vehicle, bicycle, and pedestrian incidents was provided by the Hawaii Police Department (HPD) and edited by TRF. Traffic volumes were collected by the State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation (DOT) and TRF. 1.2 REPORT PURPOSE The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the conditions that exist on our roads today, the measures that were taken to make our roads safer, and the efforts being made to plan for safety improvement projects in the future. Information contained in this report will be used as a basis for the Road Safety Audit Program (RSAP). The RSAP is analogous to Federal traffic safety initiatives and programs. With goals of identifying accident potential and improving road safety, the RSAP is a valuable planning resource. Legal authority has been established encouraging the use of the RSAP — public policy has proven to be clearly on the side of the entities that use the RSAP (see references 7 & 12). 1.3 REPORT OUTLINE This report is organized into nine sections, including: 1. Traffic Division; 2. Traffic Volumes; 3. Traffic Accident Data and Statistics; 4. Existing Conditions; 5. Investigations and Projects Completed and Planned; 6. Traffic Education; 7. Traffic Sign Retroreflectivity Program 8. Other programs; and 9. Summary including report findings and future goals. 1.4 REPORT PERIOD This report summarizes the existing staff, traffic data, projects completed, and projects planned up to December 31, 2010. The next update will be provided in the 2011 Annual Traffic Safety Report,which will cover all pertinent information from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011. 1 CHAPTER 2: TRAFFIC DIVISION 2.1 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION TRF was established as a part of the Department of Public Works. As described in relevant part within Chapter 2, Article 9, Section 2-41 of the Hawaii County Code (HCC), "The traffic division determines the location, installs, maintains, and repairs all traffic control facilities and devices and street lighting systems; is responsible for all traffic engineering in the County; maintains a traffic education program; and is responsible for the installation, maintenance, and repair of on- and off-street parking meters." 2.2 DIVISION ORGANZIATION—SECTIONS 2.2.1 Administration Section The Administration Section is made up of the Division Chief, Civil Engineer V, and office staff. The specific responsibilities of this section include, but are not limited to: • Provide supervision and administrative support for the Division; • Mitigate traffic problems and improve overall roadway efficiency and safety; • Resolve complaints and answer inquiries; • Promote traffic education; • Play a key role in the safe and efficient movement of traffic; and • Supply information, technical support, and direction to the Highway Safety Council, the Hamakua Traffic Safety Committee, the South Kohala Traffic Safety Committee, and the South Kona Traffic Safety Committee. 2.2.2 Traffic Safety Section The Traffic Safety Section, responsible for all in-house traffic engineering in the County, is comprised of the Civil Engineer IV, Civil Engineer III, and Traffic Technician I. The specific responsibilities of this section include, but are not limited to: • Conduct studies, investigations, inspections, traffic surveys, and other related activities to safeguard and facilitate vehicular and pedestrian traffic; • Review construction plans, traffic studies, zone changes, variances, etc. to ensure compliance with Division standards, guidelines, and policies for Federal, State, County, and private entities; • Propose, design, and mange new traffic control related projects to help mitigate existing traffic problems and to improve overall roadway efficiency; • Identify safety improvement projects based on traffic accidents and conflict analysis procedures; • Oversee resurfacing restriping program; • Propose traffic calming initiatives including driver feedback signs and speed humps; and • Creates, maintains, and improves programs to promote highway safety. 2 2.2.3 Traffic Signals and Street Lights Section The Traffic Signals and Street Lights Section consists of the Traffic Operations Supervisor, Electrical Engineer, Traffic Electricians, Electricians, Helpers, Traffic Technicians, and Electronics Technician. The specific responsibilities of this section include, but are not limited to: • Maintain all County and State traffic signals and street lights; • Develop and implement priorities for traffic signal and street light installations; • Maintain a computerized traffic signal and street light database; • Add signal systems to traffic signal server system for real-time monitoring; • Install uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) for continuous traffic signal operations during power outages; • Install warranted traffic signals; and • Assist Safety Section with traffic calming initiatives by installing and maintaining driver feedback signs. 2.2.4 Traffic Signs and Markings Section The Traffic Signs and Markings Section includes the Traffic Signs and Markings Supervisors, Painters, Installers, Helpers, and Program Support Technician. The specific responsibilities of this section include, but are not limited to: • Participate in the safe and efficient movement of traffic; • Develop and implement a signs and markings maintenance program; • Establish and maintain a computerized supplies, materials, and traffic signs and markings inventory database; and • Assist the Safety Section with traffic calming initiatives by installing speed humps and related traffic signs and markings. 2.3 STAFF SUMMARY There are a total of 48 positions at TRF. Of the 48 positions, 45 are assigned to the East Hawaii TRF office and 3 are assigned to the West Hawaii TRF office. Future plans for TRF include: • Build up the staff at the West Hawaii TRF office to allow for increased presence and more efficient service on the west side of the island and Figure 2-1 displays the current organizational chart at TRF. 3 P m r n 0 0 co LL d Cu m m = m m F.- G q G F co 1– O CO N 0 ~O co CO V J V d. N O1 0) L p C 0 o ■ Si = N d x CO j LL F-- d O °° (, co N a0 O1 N •- C M O CI o a v CA in •ICI co O m V c,..-o co co Zr, U v a V U N °o n U v V•^y _ u A — 5— = d am tq al- .... a to 2 c^ .o W u� F- g 2 co I�1 O O ~ N co N N M F O R 7 y N 1– co U) . N •� m U 7 J co co 7 V O O co N N) O rT• ,, % r Y N N M O 65 N 22 1 a ;loll •^y Im)gt I >.. .4- N N N p • U) � .. go L (n I • W W I– U U r 2 0 • co cc 11. ,I co d O N N N N Tf O U W N C O •^y o c o 5 W 1O `o • Pm* VV N N ce • 4 •- ~ U v c o. W L N _ C U _1,3 - cc 4- _ O ~• ° CO co co 1– pi • M h — L V y ' R? N J V) d Q d ( LL U R m N U O U m O d N d• c C 0.CD •If d O C V d .0 U L •Pi oo 0 c W LL d 'c U CA • m ~ d W U - O • N N d h ~ p N O� W N 2 C • r• A� , OI 0 J N M M O N 0 O i U ) N d L p N C2.11 a c CL /- C O W V) m f6_Qc o A W a wa c 0 c o p F w g. w N m Cr U - d co a ro "C. U m L c o■ ∎2 —mo —∎�— O. d U d O U U d N 1 Q V N U O p ,./j o Q CI CO CU 7 a CO M L 7 LL 4 CHAPTER 3: TRAFFIC VOLUMES 3.1 ANNUAL VEHICLE MILES OF TRAVEL Based on data provided in the State of Hawaii Data Books, in 2009 the estimate of the total miles of travel in Hawaii County was 1,676,300,000 miles or 9,717 miles per vehicle. This calculation was based on the following: • 2009 total motor vehicle fuel consumption including gasoline, diesel oil, and butane gas and • 2009 motor vehicle count of taxable and nontaxable vehicles and all military nonresident exempt vehicles including passenger cars, rental vehicles, buses, trucks, and motorcycles and excluding trailers and semi-trailers. Table 3-1 summarizes the annual fuel consumption and vehicle miles of travel statistics from the State of Hawaii Data Book 2009. Table 3-1:Motor Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Vehicle Miles Table 18.17-MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL CONSUMPTION AND VEHICLE MILES,1990 TO 2009,AND BY COUNTY,2008 AND 2009 Highway fuel consumption 1/ Annual vehicle miles of travel Total Gallons per Total Per Year and county (1,000 gallons) vehicle 2/ (millions) vehicle 2/ 1990 395,185 444 8,065.4 9,071 1991 406,819 453 8,142.2 9,075 1992 405,963 457 8,065.5 9,070 1993 409,940 468 7,945.3 9,063 1994 428,558 490 7,925.2 9,056 1995 422,884 482 7,944.1 9,051 1996 426,370 482 8,005.9 9,050 1997 421,499 477 8,003.0 9,050 1998 422,928 473 8,090.2 9,055 1999 417,374 460 8,215.2 9,058 2000 428,425 455 8,525.7 9,058 2001 445,558 461 8,754.3 9,052 2002 477,518 484 8,937.3 9,050 2003 483,232 469 9,325.0 9,046 2004 498,816 463 9,734.6 9,042 2005 505,418 459 10,129.1 3/ 9,045 2006 531,505 471 3/10,196.3 3/ 9,044 2007 541,956 478 3/10,259.9 3/ 9,043 2008 540,910 480 3/10,189.1 3/ 9,036 2009 545,413 488 10,095.2 9,031 COUNTY: 2008 Honolulu 313,702 3/ 437 3/ 6,293.2 3/ 8,745 Hawaii 114,211 3/ 651 3/ 1,705.0 3/ 9,734 Kauai 45,095 3/ 595 3/ 779.0 3/10,478 Maui 67,902 3/430 3/ 1,411.9 3/ 8,913 COUNTY: 2009 Honolulu 308,064 430 6,276.1 8,754 Hawaii 118,362 686 1,676.3 9,717 Kauai 51,576 685 773.6 10,269 Maui 67,412 441 1,369.2 8,950 5 3.2 AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC Twenty-four hour traffic volume counts can be used to show when the peak hours (a.m., p.m., and midday) are occurring, when traffic volumes are heaviest, when traffic volume are lightest, and the trends and changes due to time of day, time of year, and location. In an effort to get a representation of the traffic on the island, two analysis techniques were used. The analysis methods included: • ADT: Average daily traffic (ADT) data at three different locations on the island were evaluated and • Trip generation: Trip ends were calculated based on the total number of single-family detached dwellings in Hawaii County and a trip end rate from the 7th Edition of the Trip Generation manual. Several assumptions were made while performing the traffic volume evaluation. The assumptions included: • Three traffic count locations for the ADT analysis were selected to give a reasonable representation of the traffic in Hawaii County; • Dusk to dawn hours were considered to be from 7:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.; • The number of single-family detached dwellings in Hawaii County provided by the County of Hawaii Real Property Tax Office; • A trip generation rate of 9.57 trips/dwelling/day; and • The percent of dusk to dawn traffic for trip generation analysis taken from the percent of dusk to dawn traffic in the ADT analysis. Figures 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3 illustrate the ADT at three locations in Hawaii County including volumes that occur in the dusk to dawn period from 7:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. Figure 3.4 is an illustration of the average values of the ADT over the three locations. Figure 3-5 illustrates the ADT in Hawaii County using a trip generation estimate. 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MIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIII 1, 71'. rla r7s .."' •41, ,, 1111•11111111111111111111111111111111 -0 - V, 4 0 o m I , ., ... .3- ... , 0(c'.. 0- sr a ,_,;., - o • ao CIS It _ 00b 6a 0, 0... . > IIIIIIIIIIIIIII. < 1 -, _ '5s4i5,'PA I I O-4 '6' 11■11■10 0 40.6>. (c.,,..v, ccs. a a ' .5',.. 4,/,. 6■3 '0,.... .6.2, m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 00. a, 0 0 o o 0 o o o 0 2, 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (7, co N. tr, 0 .0- rn ,-.1 -1 oz iz 12 CHAPTER 4: TRAFFIC ACCIDENT DATA AND STATISTICS 4.1 ACCIDENT QUICK FACTS Table 4-1 summarizes the accidents that occurred each year in Hawaii County from 1993 to 2009. Table 4-2 summarizes the ADT (single-family detached dwelling estimate) per year from 1995 to 2009. Figure 4-1 compares the annual accident totals and ADT (island average). Figure 4-2 compares annual accident totals and ADT(single family detached dwelling estimate). Table 4-1:Total Accidents in Hawaii County Year Accidents 1993 5,251 From 1993 to 2009: 1994 5,330 The annual accident total peaked at 7,464 in 2005. The 1995 4,987 annual accident total reached a minimum of 4,925 in 1996. 1996 4,925 The average accident total for the 17 years was 5,984. We 1997 4,955 1998 4,929 are currently in a downward trend with the 2009 year 1999 5,190 having an accident total of 6,067. 2000 5,501 2001 5,872 Of the 6,067 accidents in 2009, 4,266 occurred on public 2002 6,088 roads (State and County). All analysis in this report will be 2003 6,646 based on accidents that took place within the public right of 2004 7,110 way. 2005 7,464 2006 7,442 2007 7,378 2008 6,582 2009 6,067 Table 4-2:ADT Estimate in Hawaii County Year ADT 1995 485,496 From 1995 to 2009: 1996 494,692 The ADT data reflects a steady increase in the number of 1997 502,712 single-family detached dwellings each year. 1998 510,914 1999 517,383 2000 526,675 The largest increase in single-family detached dwellings and 2001 537,939 ADT is from 2005 to 2006 with an increase of 2,428 units 2002 550,208 and 23,236 trips respectively. 2003 563,539 2004 578,746 2005 599,570 2006 622,806 2007 645,525 2008 666,694 2009 682,609 13 0O N O tO U1 O N N ^ CO Ln i s oo 3/ N N Zm 3s S N. 1 \ .c = M I t .a o I N o2. `°4 a °,= a s 1 \ ti* 8 Q o z--a) v 2« • tto 1: c ac ro -, n o a S '\-1 1-, I Q Lip -0 8 co c S co 1 in \r-, I I N CO N g�� I< N N S 00 °' � rn rn` 1 N c C N O a--+ co N U c Q Ol M 00 Y ca a a) L. I M I- L, Z. CA N to I a Ln co N awl C L e-1 Owl fu I- v) N M I I I oo a) a CO 0 e-I \ U a I m O H 4 M N cr, C co u �-f m a N rn - �--�, - - I I - i 1 § U 3 oc li I 14 4 0 O O O O 0 O O O O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 < o CD 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 CD 0 0 0 .-f Cr) 00 N lD Ln v m N §1 I I I I S 1 N ° N I M \ 1 N 00 00 Ln (.0 ( s N (1.) I A LID 1 E CO -� N i a N NJ {• iA lD LLI N N L F 8 C 0.0 1 N. 1- t a) s F °a G ' CD o I 14 00 O h. N v I C 3 Uu I- Lo m h CD M ri a I N 0 00 0 I `VN = �' O 0 O c \ � N C) C cn iii en r-1 " U- M N a �, I I u, i ■ h �C P 0.0 O E 0 in Y in N W n,) \ r CI 01 1 10 C N r,. 01 Qr1 L N VI 1: C Ln!l I 14 I I I N L N- al d. O E o I N ( ti III V L N a1 (ID a)CO Q 0) 0 C 0 co a) 1 ua 1\ .4. 0 _c 0 Q crl co I— cn 0 dt M ++ U U ii m Q u1 al c 'f) I 0 4 I I I ~ Iy N Ln 2_c § th N § 0 U = OD I 15 4.2 ACCIDENT FREQUENCY AND ACCIDENT RATE RANKINGS In an effort to identify intersections and segments of roadway that are candidates for safety improvement projects and the RSAP, TRF determined the accident frequency and accident rate rankings for the 2009 traffic accidents. Accident frequency is based on the number of traffic accident occurrences within a specified span of time. It identifies locations where high accident costs are being incurred and where relatively small improvements could yield relatively high benefits. Accident frequency does not account for the effect of exposure where locations with higher traffic volumes have higher vehicular exposure conflicts and a higher number of traffic accidents and increased accident severity. Accident rate is an index that measures accident frequency per traffic volume per unit of time (usually accidents/million entering vehicles): CR = (Nx106)/(AADT x t x 365) Where, CR = accident rate N = number of accidents AADT= sum of average annual daily traffic entering the intersection t = number of years analyzed For TRF purposes, locations that qualify for safety improvement projects and inclusion in the RSAP will be based on accident rate rankings of the highest ranked accident frequency locations. Table 4.3 summarizes the 2009 top accident frequency locations. Table 4.4 summarizes the 2009 top ten accident rate locations of those in table 4-3. Table 4.5 summarizes the project status of the 2009 top ten accident rate locations in table 4-4. Table 4-3:2009 Top Accident Frequency Locations in Hawaii County Street Address Refer Count Owner Frequency Rank MAKAALA ST. 325 E. WALMART 16 DHHL 1 MAKAALA ST. 301 E. BORDER'S 12 DHHL 2 AINAOLA DR KAWAILANI ST.,W. INT. 10 County 3 HUALALAI RD. KUAKINI HWY INT. 10 County 4 KAWILI ST. ENV. KILAUEA AVE. INT. 10 County 5 HA IHAI ST. KINOOLE ST. INT. 9 County 6 KOMOHANA ST. MOHOULI ST. INT. 9 County 7 KILAUEA AVE. MOHOULI ST. INT. 9 County 8 KAWAILANI ST. W. KOMOHANA ST. INT. 8 County 9 PONAHAWAI ST. ULULANI ST. NT. 8 County 10 MANONO ST. PIILANI ST.INT. 7 County 11 KUAKINI HWY. WALUA RDJONI ONI ST. INT. 7 County_ 12 NVALANI ST. KAWAILANI ST.,W. NT. 7 County 13 KOMOHANA ST. WAIANUENUE AVE.NT. 7 County 14 KINOOLE ST. WA IA NUENUE AVE.INT. 7 County 15 KUAKINI HWY. (HWY 190)PALANI RD./PALANI RD. NT. 7 County 16 KAHAOPEA ST. ENV. KILAUEA AVE. INT. 7 County 17 (HWY 190)PALANI RD. HENRY ST. NT. 7 County 18 16 Table 4-3:2009 Top Accident Frequency Locations in Hawaii County(cont.) Street Address Refer Count Owner Frequency Rank HUALALAI ST. KILAUEA AVE NT. 7 County 19 HUALALAI ST. KINOOLE ST. NT. 7 County 20 (HWY 200)SADDLE RD. 13 MM(0.5 MI.W.OF 13 MM) 6 County 21 HAIL!ST. KINOOLE ST.INT. 6 County 22 (HWY 190)PALANI RD. ULUAOA ST. INT. 6 County 23 KAWILI ST. W. KINOOLE ST. INT. 6 County 24 KEKUANAOA ST. MANONO ST. INT. 6 County 25 (HWY 190) PALANI RD. 75-5595 LANIHAU CENTER 6 County 26 KEKUANAOA ST. KALANIKOA ST. NT. 6 County 27 (HWY 200)SADDLE RD. 13 MM 5 County 28 WAR NUENUEAVE 556 HILO HIGH SCHOOL 5 County 29 KEAWE ST. WAIANUENUEAVE INT. 5 County 30 KILAUEA AVE LANIKAULA ST., E/W. INT. 5 County 31 KINOOLE ST. PONAHAWAI ST. INT. 5 County 32 HINA-LANI ST. KAWALANI ST. INT. 5 County 33 (HWY 190) PALANI RD. KEALAKAA ST. INT. 5 County 34 KAWAILANI ST. E/W. KILAUEA AVE INT. 5 County 35 KILAUEA AVE PAUAHI ST. INT. 5 County 36 Table 4-4:2009 Top Ten Accident Rate Locations in Hawaii County Street Address Refer Count AADT CR Owner CR Rank (HWY 200)SADDLE RD. 13 MM(0.5 MI.W.OF 13 MM) 6 1000 16.44 County 1 (HWY 200)SADDLE RD. 13 MM 5 1000 13.70 County 2 AINAOLA DR. KAWAILANI ST.,W. INT. 10 10000 2.74 County 3 HAIHAI ST. KINOOLE ST.INT. 9 10000 2.47 County 4 PONAHAWAI ST. ULULANI ST. NT. 8 9000 2.44 County 5 KAWAILANI ST. W. KOMOHANA ST. NT. 8 10000 2.19 County 6 MAKAALA ST. 325 E WALMART 16 21000 2.09 DHHL 7 MAKAALA ST. 301 E BORDERS 12 21000 1.57 DHHL 8 HUALALAIRD. KUAKINI HWY INT. 10 18000 1.52 County 9 KAHAOPEA ST. E/W. KILAUEA AVE NT. 7 13000 1.48 County 10 Table 4-5:2009 Project Status of Top Ten Accident Rate Locations in Hawaii County Street Address Refer CR Rank Project Status (HWY 200)SADDLE RD. 13 MM(0.5 MI.W.OF 13 MM) 1 * in-progress (HWY 200)SADDLE RD. 13 MM 2 * in-progress AINAOLA DR. KAWAILA NI ST.,W. NT. 3 Project in-progress HAII-IAI ST. KINOOLE ST. INT. 4 ** completed PONAHAWAI ST. ULULANI ST. INT. 5 RSA candidate KAWAILANI ST. W. KOMOHANA ST. NT. 6 RSA completed MAKAALA ST. 325 E WALMART 7 RSA candidate MAKAALA ST. 301 E BORDERS 8 RSA candidate HUALALAI RD. KUAKINI HWY NT. 9 RSA candidate KAHAOPEA ST. E/W. KILAUEA AVE INT. 10 RSA candidate * FHWA Saddle Road Realignment Project 11 mm to 19 mm. **Zig-zag awareness striping, stop ahead sign, stop ahead legend, and street light improvements. 17 CHAPTER 5: EXISTING CONDITIONS 5.1 LENGTH OF STREETS AND HIGHWAYS Table 5-1 is a summary of the lengths of public roads (paved and unpaved) in Hawaii County. This table excludes private roads and military roads not regularly open to public access. Table 5-2 is a detailed breakdown of paved and unpaved County maintained roads per district in 2008. Information in this section provided by the County of Hawaii Data Book. Table 5-1: Public Roads in Hawaii County* Year Paved-all public Unpaved-all public Paved-County Unpaved-County Paved-State (miles) (miles) (miles) (miles) (miles) 2006 1,414.89 59.30 n/a n/a n/a 2007 1,414.06 59.30 n/a n/a n/a 2008 1,419.14 59.30 913.83 30.50 505.31 Table 5-2:2008 County Maintained Roads* District Paved(miles) Unpaved(miles) Puna 188.88 3.40 South Hilo 278.28 19.15 North Hilo 35.34 0.30 Hamakua 61.99 5.70 North Kohala 27.62 0.75 South Kohala 102.55 0.30 North Kona 127.46 0.35 South Kona 26.71 0.00 Kau 65.00 0.55 * Lengths in tables 5-1 and 5-2 do not include TOTAL 913.83 30.50 roads in limbo. 5.2 LENGTH OF RESURFACING AND RESTRIPING As a part of the County's pavement maintenance and rehabilitation responsibilities, the Department of Public Works-Highways Division (HWY) established their resurfacing program. Under the resurfacing program, previously paved and unpaved County roads in need of improvement are programmed for paving. Funding for the resurfacing program is through the Highway Fund. As a supplement to the resurfacing program, TRF established a resurfacing restriping program to mark roads that are paved as a part of the HWY resurfacing program. At the present time, approximately 95% of the resurfacing restriping is handled by a private contractor. Central Striping Services, Inc. is currently under contract with the County via price term agreement (IFB No. 2524). The contractor was hired to offset the additional restriping work generated by the resurfacing program. In addition to maintenance restriping and project striping, TRF handles approximately 5% of the resurfacing restriping work each year. 18 Table 3.3 is a summary of the lengths of resurfacing that HWY completed in Hawaii County for two fiscal years. The fiscal year is from July 1 to June 30. Based on the data in Table 5-3, HWY resurfaced 59.10 miles in a 24-month period or an average of 29.55 miles per year. Table 5-3: Miles Resurfaced each Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Miles Resurfaced 2006-2007 32.86 2007-2008 26.24 Table 3.4 is a summary of the lengths (striped lengths) of resurfacing restriping that was installed through our price term contractor for two calendar years. Based on the data in Table 5-4, Central Striping, Inc. striped 99.73 miles in a 24-month period or an average of 49.87 miles per year. Table 5-4:Miles of Striping Installed by Price Term Contractor Year Resurfacing Restriping Maintenance Restriping Project Striping Total (miles) (miles) (miles) (miles) 2008 33.43 23.69 0.00 57.12 2009 21.82 14.75 6.04 42.61 5.3 TRAFFIC CALMING 5.3.1 Speed Humps On July 18, 1996, the Hawaii County Council passed an ordinance that amended Chapter 22 of the Hawaii County Code authorizing the County to install speed humps on County roads. The aforementioned ordinance allowed the use of speed humps on County roads, but the County was responsible for setting the specific rules and regulations by which to approve speed hump requests. On August 14, 1998, the Administrative Rules Regarding Speed Humps on County Highways (Administrative Rules) was adopted. The current criteria used for approving speed hump installations include: • Residential local road; • Posted speed limit not exceeding 25 mph; • Overall street grade not exceeding 13%; • Average daily traffic (ADT) between 200 and 3,000 vehicles per day; • 85th percentile speed over the posted speed limit; • Minimum 67% support of the adjacent property owners and 100% support of the property owners with a speed hump in front of their property; • Support of the installation by the HPD and HFD; and • Traffic study and design performed by the Department of Public Works. Table 5-5 is a summary of all the speed hump installations that were completed each fiscal year in Hawaii County. Figures 5-1 to 5-9 are details of the different types of speed humps that are used in Hawaii County. 19 Table 5-5:Speed Hump Installations in Hawaii County Fiscal Year Street District No. Type Installed 2001-2002 Royal Poinciana Dr. N. Kona 7 4"AC Parabolic 03/29/02 2003-2004 Ohuohu St. S. Hilo 6 4"AC Parabolic 12/15/04 2006-2007 Pilipaa St. S. Hilo 6 3"AC Sinusoidal 06/14/07 2008-2009 Halekii St. S. Kona 6 3"AC Sinusoidal 10/27/08 2008-2009 Kahoa St. S. Hilo 5 3"AC Sinusoidal 03/23/09 2008-2009 Konokohau St. S. Kohala 2 3 5/8"AC Speed Table&2" Mini 01/28/09 2008-2009 Kuhilani St. S. Hilo 5 3"AC Sinusoidal 03/17/09 2008-2009 Kupuna St. N. Kona 4 3"AC Sinusoidal 04/29/09 2008-2009 Laaloa Ave. N. Kona 1 3"AC Sinusoidal 07/01/08 2008-2009 Laelae St. S. Kohala 2 3"&3 1/2"AC Sinusoidal 01/28/09 2008-2009 Mapuana Ave. Puna 1 3" Rubber Speed Table 09/12/08 2009-2010 Ahikawa St. N. Kona 8 3"AC Sinusoidal 12/10/09 2009-2010 Ahulani St. N. Kona 9 3"AC Sinusoidal 02/12/10 2009-2010 Alae St. S. Hilo 3 3"AC Sinusoidal 09/10/09 2009-2010 Alu St. S. Hilo 5 3"AC Sinusoidal 06/24/10 2009-2010 Awakea St. N. Kona 5 3"AC Sinusoidal 12/09/09 2009-2010 E. Kahaopea St. S. Hilo 6 3"AC Sinusoidal 05/19/10 2009-2010 Haili St. S. Hilo 4 3"AC Sinusoidal 09/14/09 2009-2010 Halai St. S. Hilo 2 3"AC Sinusoidal 09/14/09 2009-2010 Kikaha St. S. Hilo 5 3"AC Sinusoidal 09/29/09 2009-2010 Komo St. Puna 6 3"AC Sinusoidal 09/11/08 2009-2010 Kulana St. S. Hilo 1 3"AC Sinusoidal 10/07/09 2009-2010 Kupulau Rd. S. Hilo 12 3"AC Sinusoidal 03/05/10 2009-2010 Lahi St. S. Hilo 3 3"AC Sinusoidal 01/22/10 2009-2010 Laupahoehoe Pt. Rd. N. Hilo 3 3" Rubber Speed Table 09/03/09 2009-2010 Mailani St. S. Hilo 3 3"AC Sinusoidal 06/22/10 2009-2010 Malawaina St. S. Hilo 3 3"AC Sinusoidal 05/11/10 3"&3%2"AC Sinusoidal,3 5/8" 2009-2010 N. Kulani Rd. Puna 4 09/14/09 AC Speed Table,&2" Mini 2009-2010 Pukana St. S. Hilo 4 3"AC Sinusoidal 09/29/09 2009-2010 Punahele St. S. Hilo 3 3"AC Sinusoidal 09/16/09 2010-2011 Keokeo St. N. Kona 4 3"AC Sinusoidal 08/02/10 2010-2011 Apapane St. S. Hilo 2 3" Rubber Speed Table 10/13/10 2010-2011 Hwy. 137 Puna 2 3" Rubber Speed Table 11/22/10 Speed Humps Installed: Fiscal Year 2001-2002 = 7 Fiscal Year 2004-2005 = 6 Fiscal Year 2006-2007 = 6 Fiscal Year 2008-2009 = 26 Fiscal Year 2009-2010 = 89 Fiscal Year 2010-2011 = 4 TOTAL= 138 (23 per year) 20 O 0.64 122 1.75 2.22 2.64 3.00 3.31 3.56 3.75 3.89 3.97 4.00' • 4"Speed Hump 0 0.56 1.07 1.53 1.94 2.31 2.63 2.89 3.11 3.28 3.40 3.48 3.50'-411•----3.5"Speed Hump O 0.48 0.92 1.31 1.67 1.96 2.25 248 2.67 2.81 2.92 2.98 3.01r+41---- r Speed Hump TYP. 6' tr • Figure 5-1:4"AC Parabolic Speed Hump-Old Application No Longer Used in Hawaii County 3" or 3 1/2" Finished height 6.5' 6.5' 1-s- Distance Distance --•-1 Sinusoidal Profile of Speed Hump (see note 4) Distance (ft) 0.0 0.82 1.64 2.48 3.28 4.10. 4.92 5.74 6.50 3" Finished Height (in) 0.0 0.12 0.47 0.98 1.57 2.17 2.68 2.95 3.00 3 1/2" Finished Height (in) 0.0 0.14 0.55 1.14 1.83 2.53 3.13 3.44 3.50 Figure 5-2:3"&3 1/2"AC Sinusoidal Speed Hump-3"Typical Installation in Hawaii County 3 5/8" -3 5/8" . 6' 5' 5' 6' 6' Figure 5-3:3 5/8"AC Speed Table The parabolic speed hump in Figure 5-1 was a design adopted from the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Guidelines for the Design and Application of Speed Humps manual. Due to concerns from emergency responders of slower response times in areas with parabolic speed humps, TRF opted to use of the 3" sinusoidal speed hump design in Figure 5-2. TRF found that sinusoidal speed humps are gentler to traverse and can be comfortably driven over at the 25 mph speed limit typical at most speed hump installation locations. A before and after speed study on Pilipaa Street showed a reduction in 85th percentile speed and average speed of 8 mph from 29 mph to 21 mph and 24 mph to 16 mph respectively. 21 ill r_.. _.._. .... p. _i 14' length x 3" high x road width I ":." : (adjustable in 1.5' increments) i . , t t ,t rwt ., 3� t s s- c ""s.. Li Dimensions shown: 14' x 3" x 22.5 • .ot i 1:11 1 i t t :1,1' . .t, ,t _1 iE a Cct , +t � IIIl_ zr-e' I t IFigure 5-4:3"Rubber Speed Table v ,,t, IIyr` ;, f_ ® 1 '■- ill f . "� - ' r i I I _„i "� 7 I I I Figure 5-5:4"AC Parabolic Speed Hump—Ohuohu St. k illpr,,,,, t= ill Figure 5-6:3"AC Sinusoidal Speed Hump—Laelae St. 22 NI '-' t 4,4 ,‘. f r J Figure 5�-'7:3 5/8"AC Speed Table—Konokohau St. 1 ., `•Y .X T •fit-.• '" M .4:P6` f.'-.M: :c'.,,." , Figure 5-8: 2"Rubber Mini Hump Konokohau St. si L 1 Figure 5-9: 3"Rubber Speed Table—Kuhilani St.(temporary) I 23 5.3.2 Awareness Striping A. Zig-zag Striping: In Hawaii County, a significant number of requests for safety improvements are related to the lack of driver awareness. Flashing lights was a typical application in the past. In an effort to offer alternatives to improving driver awareness, TRF is installing zig-zag awareness striping. Flashing lights are reserved for cases such as on stop controlled legs of intersections where the roadway geometrics significantly limits the visibility of the stop signs or at high-accident locations correctable with the use of flashing lights. Zig-zag awareness striping is applied at school area crosswalks and on stop controlled legs of intersections where driver inattentiveness is the main cause for concern. Table 5-6 is a summary of all the zig-zag awareness striping installations that were completed in Hawaii County. Figure 5-10 to 5-13 are details of the zig-zag awareness striping used in Hawaii County. Table 5-6:Zig-zag Awareness Striping Installations in Hawaii County Street District Problem Installed Kalanikoa St.at Kekuanaoa St. S. Hilo Driver inattentiveness 12/27/05 Wilder Rd.at Puainako St. S. Hilo New two-way stop 01/17/06 Mohouli St.at Kapiolani School S. Hilo School crosswalk 07/29/07 Kamehameha Ave.at Mamo St. S. Hilo Farmers Market crosswalk 02/17/08 Komohana St. at W. Kawailani St. S. Hilo Driver inattentiveness 04/13/08 Kapiolani St. at Hilo Union School S. Hilo School crosswalk 05/19/08 Kaumana Dr.at Kaumana School S. Hilo School crosswalk 02/22/09 Kealakaa St.at Kumakani St. N. Kona School crosswalk 04/21/09 Kinoole St.at Andrew's Gym S. Hilo School crosswalk 11/03/09 Ainako Ave. at Manulele St. S. Hilo School crosswalk 11/03/09 Mamalahoa Hwy. in Holualoa N. Kona School/mid-block crosswalks 06/24/10 Napoopoo Rd.at Middle Keei Rd. S. Kona New all-way stop 05/27/10 Old Mamalahoa Hwy.at Kalanianaole School S. Hilo School Crosswalk Kukuau St.at Mohouli St. S. Hilo Driver inattentiveness 24"White Stop Bar Stripe •"White Edge of Pavement Stripe 24"o.c.(typ.) White Edge of Pavement Stripe "Yellow Centerline Stripe 16'(typ•)...1 •"Existing Yellow Centerline Stripe —II Figure 5-10:Zig-zag Awareness Striping—One Lane Detail 24 I I24"White Stop Bar Stripe "White Edge of Pavement Stripe I :"White Edge of Pavement Stripe 16'+ typ')I "^' 24"o.c. t (YP) "White Lane Stripe 1 111111.111"— —".1111111111111111110"-- --'0 "Yellow Centerline Stripe I "Existing Yellow Centerline Stripe Figure 5-11:Zig-zag Awareness Striping—Two Lane Detail I I i 1 1 4. Np�� J - 1 M'� /i• t`5t --1,. ae Al ♦ L :.t. , , TAI la�C':+ .-- n — - :--- t, I / I 1 [ --\\,,,. , _ --1 /*.■ 2 i \ / SA i 1 . ., 1 1 0/ . MIMI `... Figure 5-12:Zig-zag Awareness Striping—Kamehameha Ave. @Mamo St.(eastbound) I r1 .. r ii i :0 L ^ .../////I///// n Y w .,. ' 1 4, --.,_ ;'. J IIIN Y , \ Figure 5-13:Zig-zag Awareness Striping—Kamehameha Ave.@ Mamo St.(westbound) ill25 B. Shark's Teeth Striping: In Hawaii County, there are requests for the installation of speed humps on roads that do not meet the criteria of the Administrative Rules. Typical reasons for a road not meeting the Administrative Rules include: • Roadway classification —not a residential local road; • Posted speed limit greater than 25 mph; • Overall street grade greater than 13%; and • ADT not between 200 and 3,000 vehicles per day. In an effort to provide a low-cost solution in cases where the use of speed humps are not warranted, an alternative termed shark's teeth awareness striping was implemented. Shark's teeth awareness striping is applied along roads as an alternative traffic calming measure and on approaches to and along horizontal and vertical curves to alert motorists of potential hazardous conditions such as the roadway alignment and intersecting side streets and driveways. Table 5-7 is a summary of all the shark's teeth awareness striping installations that were completed in Hawaii County. Figure 5-14 to 5-20 are details of the different styles of shark's teeth awareness striping used in Hawaii County. Table 5-7: Shark's Teeth Awareness Striping Installations in Hawaii County Street District Problem Installed Halekii St. S. Kona Grade>8% 02/26/09 Leilani Ave. Puna Horizontal curves and hidden side streets 12/15/09 Kahakai Blvd. Puna Speed limit>25 mph 04/19/10 Kaumana Dr. S. Hilo Collector road&speed limit>25 mph 04/21/10 Hualalai Rd. N. Kona Collector road&horizontal curve 05/24/10 2'X4" WHITE STRIPE ANGLED AT 45' ON EP LINE MAJOR ROAD • - - - - 40.0' 40.0 20.0' 0 2'X4" YELLOW STRIPE ANGLED AT 45' ON CENTERLINE w STRAIGHT APPROACH OR DEPARTURE Figure 5-14:Shark's Teeth Awareness Striping—Tick Mark—Straight Road 26 2'X4° WHITE STRIPE ANGLED AT 45' ON —1.1 ' [ EP LINE MAJOR ROAD I-. 1.-1.4 40. _....120.0'I r�20.0'[..._ ANGLES AO45S STRIPE o CENTERLINE a O x Lu 0 I CURVED APPROACH OR DEPARTURE Figure 5-15:Shark's Teeth Awareness Striping-Tick Mark-Curved Road I 4" WHITE STRIPE 4" YELLOW STRIPE Cr El' LINE OFF OF CENTERLINE I (TYP) (1w) 2' I6' MIN /f „0, i1 A .0.--- `-- _`- `---- `r I 3. J 3' 1 20' -_ 6' NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS ARE TYPICAL UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. Figure 5-16:Shark's Teeth Awareness Striping-Triangle y s lir I Ai. 41011° „ r" IFigure 5-17: Shark's Teeth Awareness Striping-3-D Decals-Halekii St. MI 27 I i , , I /144_. 1 I Figure 5-18:Shark's Teeth Awareness Striping—Tick Mark—Leilani Ave. Y ., - It --. • - I ��"-.- I I .,. ,, Figure 5-19:Shark's Teeth Awareness Striping-RPMs-Kahakai Blvd. I ';III:'PiN •.,P lrw r ______— \\ii.. 1 # - 1 IIFigure 5-20:Shark's Teeth Awareness Striping—Tick Mark—Kaumana Dr. I28 t. lYC r. -• ...icj Jr% U � �* r p,T L fit• rs#r'.^ i:r r r ... .- Figure 5-21:Shark's Teeth Awareness Striping—Triangle—Hualalai Rd. 5.3.3 Driver Feedback Signs: Driver feedback signs (smart signs) is another alternative used in Hawaii County in situations where roads do not meet the Administrative Rules and/or there is a need to alert motorists of their vehicular speed and encourage speed limit compliance. Typical smart sign applications include: • Roads that do not qualify for speed humps; • Speed transition zones; • Intersections and driveways with limited intersection sight distance. • Horizontal and vertical curves; • School zones; and • Pedestrian crossings. The specifications for the smart signs used in Hawaii County include: • 24" x 30" and 36" x 48" sizes; • Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) compliant; • AC or solar powered; • Programmable display speed thresholds and display modes; and • Speed and volume data collection. There are two generations of smart signs used in Hawaii County with the latter offering more flexibility in programming, the use of LEDs, and multiple display colors. The speed and volume data collected by the smart signs are helpful for examining general traffic trends, but are not typically used for formal engineering studies. Table 5-8 is a summary of all the smart sign installations that were completed in Hawaii County. Figure 5-22 to 5-25 are details of some of the smart sign installations used in Hawaii County. 29 Table 5-8:Smart Sign Installations in Hawaii County Street District Problem Installed Paniolo Ave. (UP#12) S. Kohala Speed transition/reduction point 01/12/08 Paniolo Ave. (UP#3) S. Kohala High-volume commercial driveway 01/12/08 Hina-Lani St. N. Kona Limited intersection sight distance 12/27/08 Kaiminani Dr. (UP#16) N. Kona Horizontal curve 01/18/08 Kawaihae Rd. S. Kohala Speeding 08/13/08 - W. Kawailani St.(at bridge) S. Hilo Speeding&limited intersection sight distance 02/22/08 Halekii St. (upper) S. Kona Traffic calming on steep grade 01/19/09 N. Kulani Rd.(upper) Puna Speeding 01/16/09 N. Kulani Rd. (lower) Puna Speeding 01/15/09 Mamalahoa Hwy. N. Kona Speeding 01/28/09 iiir (Holualoa) Ainaola Dr. S. Hilo Speeding&horizontal curve 04/02/09 I (northeast of Haihai St.) Kukuau St. S. Hilo Speeding 12/06/08 Alii Dr. (UP#48) N. Kona Horizontal curve 04/03/09 I Halekii St. (lower) S. Kona Traffic calming on steep grade 01/19/09 Ainako Ave. S. Hilo School area. (east of DeSilva School) I Ainako Ave. S (west of Apoke St.) S. Hilo School area Alii Dr.(UP#55) N. Kona Horizontal curve 04/03/09 r„ Kealakaa St. (upper) N. Kona School area 07/25/09 ir'' Kealakaa St.(lower) N. Kona School area 07/25/09 Kupuna St. N. Kona Speeding 01/03/09 L Lako St. (upper) N. Kona Speeding 05/27/09 Mamalahoa Hwy. N. Kona Speeding 05/27/09 r (Holualoa) ili Waianuenue Ave. S. Hilo Speeding 06/30/08 (east of Lahi St.) IR Vii ...• 1' ". �m . a ,X> ijr Allikk Figure 5-22:Smart Sign—Paniolo Ave. 30 1 1 wr - \.. \ -'' ■ s.. \ 14 Figure 5-23:Smart Sign—W. Kawailani St. ■ I "y" r= g • •J U + .I . 4 c* 4 *-1,,,,... d'':- ,ss4. I -,' s/; 1&,4 .4.,.x.a Figure 5-24:Smart Sign—Kukuau St. I 1 YOUR I J lA; iiti SPEED •A:4; -' I 4 .a a6E r ^ $04,44'',,,.,. t _.._... 7 - !1:;`. : x IFigure 5-25:Smart Sign—Waianuenue Ave. 1 31 1 5.4 TRAFFIC SIGNAL SYSTEMS There are 102 traffic signal systems in operation in Hawaii County including 61 under County jurisdiction and 41 under State jurisdiction. The traffic signal systems per district include: • Puna: 10 • S. Hilo: 51 • S. Kohala: 6 • N. Kona: 30 • S. Kona: 4 TRF is tasked with operating and maintaining all existing traffic signals in Hawaii County. All the existing traffic signals are actuated. The corridors with time-of-day coordination include: • Kanoelehua Avenue: Kawailani Street to Kamehameha Avenue; • Queen Kaahumanu Highway/ Kuakini Highway: Keahole Airport Road to Sea View Circle; • Kuakini Highway: Palani Road to Hualalai Road; and • Mamalahoa Highway: Kamamalu Street to Lindsey Road In addition to the ones already installed, there are 3 warranted and approved traffic signals that are either under construction or are being designed. These future traffic signals include: • Alii Drive/ Hualalai Road intersection; • Alii Drive/ Lunapule Road intersection; and • Alii Drive/ Royal Poinciana Drive intersection. The aforementioned traffic signal projects are a part of the improvements to help mitigate the additional traffic generated by the opening of the northern portion of the Mamalahoa Bypass. The route of the bypass includes the Mamalahoa Bypass Highway and Halekii Street and is currently open to two-way vehicular traffic from 6:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. daily. There are 16 intersections currently under review for the installation of traffic signals. Traffic counts are currently being conducted at the subject locations that lack existing usable traffic count data. Traffic count, traffic accident, and pedestrian count (where applicable) data will be analyzed using the MUTCD traffic signal warrants. A priority ranking system will be applied based on traffic volumes, traffic accidents, and overall cost to determine the order in which to proceed with the projects. Other traffic signal work in process includes the Island Wide Traffic Signal Study project where one of the consultant's tasks is to develop and implement optimized and synchronized traffic signal timing plans for 83 of the traffic signals in Hawaii County. Table 5-9 is a summary of all the existing traffic signals in Hawaii County. Table 5-10 is a summary of all the locations currently under MUTCD traffic signal warrants review. Table 5-11 is a summary of the proposed traffic signal locations included as a part of projects. 32 C O a. 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N g > > > 2 > C > > O 3 Q < +J co O v H a N s c c 13 ro 2� v1 Oo co aJ cc +- ra a) ra ra 5 aJ ra 11 II II .4.7, ca c o I ._ I t `n c a) E }; -6 as a) c E c c ra co in < m 0 ri tr ra 0 (0 ca N c _O m as ra ca ra +j Y w fa .- •N bA C L t L - C N t C to C i i i J C - o C cts •C a) Y D O O � Y � � o •ra a) = �� Y Fs 0 a) O O � +•� to c ,0 co •- = •- C m to ca o ra ra ca ra r>a ra O ra O O co J * bA 0 aJ `� Y < < Q I Y Y Y Y Y o. > I Y_ Y Y Y Y > * * J _c Z > In 36 e Table 5-11: Project-Related Proposed Traffic Signal Locations in Hawaii County Streeti Street2 District Project Kapiolani St. W. Lanikaula St. S. Hilo Kapiolani Street Extension Kapiolani St. Mohouli St. S. Hilo Kapiolani Street Extension Waikoloa Rd. Paniolo Ave. S. Kohala Waikoloa Highlands Subdivision Alii Dr. Lako St. N. Kona Lako Street Extension 5.5 INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS STRATEGIC PLAN In December 2008, ICx Transportation Group completed a five-year intelligent transportation systems (ITS) strategic plan for Hawaii County. The goal of the ITS strategic plan is to provide a framework for the implementation of ITS to improve efficiency of the existing transportation system. ITS are a broad range of technologies which, when applied to a surface transportation system can help improve safety, reduce congestion, enhance mobility, minimize environmental impacts, save energy, and promote economic productivity. 5.6 STREET LIGHTS There are a total of 9,822 Class II street lights installed in Hawaii County. Class II lighting is used for, but not limited to roadway illumination, and will be the subject of this section. By ordinance, all existing street lights in Hawaii County have low-pressure sodium lamps. The future plan is to convert all existing street lights to LED fixtures that offer many benefits including increased energy savings, better color rendition, and more application flexibility. Currently, an ordinance that allows the use of LED street lights in Hawaii County is being pursued. If approved, the first phase of the street light conversion would be to change all low-pressure sodium street lights within 1,320 feet of intersections and within 100 feet of marked crosswalks to LEDs. The second phase would include converting the other non-intersection and non- crosswalk street lights to LEDs as budget, resources, and County ordinance permit. Table 5-11 is a summary of all the existing street lights in Hawaii County. Table 5-11:Street Lights in Hawaii County District State County DHHL HHA Private Subtotal Puna 315 557 172 1044 South Hilo 151 3471 365 18 3 4008 North Hilo 20 96 116 Hamakua 78 132 210 North Kohala 72 191 263 South Kohala 63 954 163 1180 North Kona 153 2069 53 2275 South Kona 31 192 223 Kau 65 438 503 TOTAL=9822 37 5.7 TRAFFIC SIGNS By County ordinance, TRF determines the location, installs, maintains, and repairs all traffic control facilities, in Hawaii County. Based on the total number of centerline miles of County owned and/or maintained road, there are an estimated 26,441 existing traffic signs in Hawaii County's inventory. The main sign types include: • Regulatory signs such as stop signs and speed limit signs; • Warning signs such as curve warning signs and turn warning signs; • Destination signs; and • Custom signs such as Civil Defense tsunami zone signs and neighborhood watch signs. In addition to maintenance, TRF installs new traffic signs as a part of speed hump projects, traffic investigations, and traffic projects. Table 5.12 is a summary of the new traffic signs that were installed in 2009. Table 5.13 is a summary of the new traffic signs that were installed per district in 2009. Based on the data in the following tables, TRF installed 703 traffic signs, including 152 in the North Kona district, 148 in the Puna district, and 145 in the South Hilo district, 79 in the Hamakua district, 71 in the South Kona district, 47 in the South Kohala district, 43 in the Kau district, 10 in the North Hilo district, and 8 in the North Kohala district. Table 5-12: New Traffic Signs Installed in Hawaii County Year Regulatory Warning Guide General Service Neighborhood Destination Construction/ Watch Informational 2009 334 329 15 10 7 5 3 TOTAL= 703 Table 5-13: New Traffic Signs Installed Per District in Hawaii County District Regulatory Warning Guide General Service Neighborhood Destination Construction/ Watch Informational Puna 77 69 0 0 0 2 0 South Hilo 80 51 9 0 3 0 2 North Hilo 4 6 0 0 0 0 0 Hamakua 12 62 2 0 0 2 1 North Kohala 7 1 0 0 0 0 0 South Kohala 13 31 0 0 3 0 0 North Kona 95 55 0 0 1 1 0 South Kona 42 17 2 10 0 0 0 Kau 4 37 2 0 0 0 0 Totals 334 329 15 10 7 5 3 Table 5-14 is a summary of the more significant traffic signs that were installed aimed at improving traffic safety. The addition of stop signs and yield signs were installed in conjunction with new stop or yield intersections. Speed limit signs were implemented as a part of speed limit changes or used as supplements to existing speed limit signs. Horizontal alignment and advisory speed signs were used to provide additional guidance along horizontal curves. Reduced speed ahead signs were installed to notify motorists of an upcoming lower speed limit area. Table 5-14:Types of New Traffic Signs Installed in Hawaii County Year Ri-1 Ri-2 R2-1 R2-4P Horizontal W13-1P Reduced Speed Stop Yield Speed Limit Max.or Min.Speed Alignment Advisory Speed Ahead&W3-5 2009 12 4 38 55 21 30 4 TOTAL= 164 38 CHAPTER 6: TRAFFIC INVESTIGATIONS AND PROJECTS 6.1 OVERVIEW Traffic investigations and projects are handled by the TRF-Safety Section and are typically initiated by requests from the public for traffic safety improvements. The scope of the work that will be covered in this chapter primarily involves resolution by means of the installation of traffic signs and markings. 95% of the installation work is handled by TRF, while the remaining 5% is either completed through in-house projects or consultant projects. Information detailed in this report will, in a positive nature, initiate future traffic safety improvement projects. 6.2 TRAFFIC INVESTIGATIONS Traffic investigations are considered projects that are smaller in scope and can usually be handled within the section and/or the Division. The TRF goal is to have all traffic investigations resolved within 30 calendar days. Typical traffic investigations include request for: • "No parking" signs for driveways or intersections to preserve sight distance; • Speed limit changes or additional speed limit signs; • All-way stops; • Curve and turn warning signs; and • Awareness striping. Table 6-1 is a summary of all the traffic investigations that were completed each fiscal year in Hawaii County. Table 6-2 is a summary of all the traffic investigations that were completed within 30 calendar days each fiscal year in Hawaii County. Based on the data in the following tables, TRF received 208 traffic investigation requests in a 24-month period or an average of 104 per year. TRF completed 160 traffic investigations in a 24-month period or an average of 80 per year. TRF completed 126 traffic investigations within 30 calendar days in a 24-month period or an average of 63 per year. This rate of completion has created a backlog of 48 investigations, which will take 7.2 months to complete. Table 6-1:Traffic Investigations Completed in Hawaii County Fiscal Year Total Investigations Completed Percent Completed Investigations in Fiscal Year in Fiscal Year 2008-2009 94 79 84% 2009-2010 114 81 71% Table 6-2:Traffic Investigations Completed within 30 Calendar Days in Hawaii County Fiscal Year Total Investigations Completed Percent Completed Investigations within 30 Calendar Days within 30 Calendar Days in Fiscal Year in Fiscal Year 2008-2009 94 64 68% 2009-2010 114 62 54% 39 6.3 TRAFFIC PROJECTS Traffic projects are larger in scope than traffic investigations and typically require assistance from other sections, Divisions, or Departments. Due to varying workloads and time constraints of those involved, the expected completion date for traffic projects is a little harder to estimate. Generally, the goal for smaller traffic projects is to complete within six months and the goal for larger traffic projects is to complete within one year. Typical traffic projects include request for: • Crosswalks; • Traffic signals; • Smart signs; and • School zones. Table 6-3 is a summary of all of the traffic projects in Hawaii County. Based on the data in the following table, TRF received 5 traffic project requests in 2008, 21 traffic project requests in 2009, and 15 traffic project requests so far in 2010. Of the listed traffic projects, 4 were completed in 2008, 11 were completed in 2009, and 4 were completed so far in 2010. This rate of completion has created a backlog of 22 projects, which will take 41.7 months to complete. Table 6-3:Traffic Projects in Hawaii County Year Traffic Project Title District Status 2008 Kinoole St./Kamana St.—Traffic Signal S. Hilo Completed Mamalahoa Hwy.—Two-way Left Turn Lane S. Kohala Completed Kaleiopapa St.—Traffic Signal N. Kona Completed Mohouli St.—Right-turn Lane S. Hilo Completed Bridges 44.8&44.9—Bridge Construction Signs Hamakua Completed 2009 Hokulia Bypass Mitigation N. &S. Kona Completed Saddle Rd.—Safety Improvements S. Hilo Completed Kealakaa St.—School Zone N. Kona Completed Kawili St.—Bike Lane Signage S. Hilo In Progress Alii Dr./Sarona Rd.—Crosswalk N. Kona Completed Hawaii County—Traffic Signal Overhead Signs Various On Hold Alii Dr./Hualalai Rd.—Traffic Signal N. Kona In Progress Leilani Ave.—Safety Improvements Puna Completed Old Volcano Rd.—Parking Improvement Puna On Hold Various Locations—Road Safety Audit Program Puna&S. Hilo Completed Lanihuli St.—Revised Parking Layout S. Hilo On Hold Paniolo Ave.—Crosswalk S. Kohala In Progress Kawaihae Rd. -Crosswalk S. Kohala On Hold Downtown Hilo—Parking Additions S. Hilo In Progress Kawaihae Rd./Lindsey Rd.—Left-turn Lane Improvements S. Kohala Completed Kahakai Blvd.—Zig-zag Striping and Buttons at Crosswalk Puna Completed Aupuni St.—Parking Layout Review S. Hilo Completed Hualalai Rd./Aloha Kona Dr.—Traffic Calming N. Kona Completed Transportation Asset Management Program N/A Completed Alii Dr./Royal Poinciana Dr. & Lunapule Rd.—Traffic Counts N. Kona In Progress Kumukoa St.—Traffic Calming S. Hilo Completed 40 Table 6-3:Traffic Projects in Hawaii County(cont.) Year Traffic Project Title District Status 2010 Palani Rd.—Smart Signs N. Kona Completed Pahoa Village Rd.—ROW Improvements Puna Completed Napoopoo Rd./Middle Keei Rd.—All-way Stop S. Kona Completed Kuakini Hwy./Walua Rd.—Traffic Signal N. Kona In Progress Various Locations—State Street Light Installations Various In Progress Alii Dr./Lunapule Rd.—Traffic Signal N. Kona In Progress Alii Dr./Royal Poinciana Dr.—Traffic Signal N. Kona Completed Alii Dr./Hualalai Rd.—Traffic Signal N. Kona In Progress Traffic Signal Warrant Prioritization Various Completed Komohana St./W. Kawailani St.—Traffic Signal S. Hilo In Progress Waianuenue Ave. -Crosswalk S. Hilo In Progress Civil Defense Water Spigots Various On Hold Annual Traffic Safety Report N/A In Progress Puuhina St.—Stop Sign S. Hilo In Progress Leilani Ave.—45 MPH Speed Limit Study Puna On Hold Traffic projects identified for the remainder of 2010 and for 2011 are the traffic signal projects along Alii Drive at the intersections of: • Hualalai Road; • Lunapule Road; and • Royal Poinciana Drive. The aforementioned projects have a required completion date of May 2011 and are a part of the improvements to help mitigate the additional traffic generated by the opening of the northern portion of the Mamalahoa Bypass. In 2011, TRF will pursue the collection of traffic accident data and traffic sign, street light, and road inventory information to be uploaded into a transportation asset management software (TAMS) for future analysis and planning purposes. TRF will work with the Hawaii Police Department to acquire mappable and TAMS compatible traffic accident data. TRF hopes to contract the traffic inventory work out to a consultant that has the ability to generate photo logs of our roads, post-process the data to build our inventory, and provide the information in a usable format. All traffic accident and inventory data will be mappable via GPS coordinates or linear reference. The goals of the aforementioned project include: • Use traffic accident data to determine accident frequencies, rates, and trends to be used for safety improvement project planning; • Meet the applicable recommendations detailed in the September 2009 Limited Scope Performance Audit of the Highway Fund; and • Comply with the FHWA new traffic sign retroreflectivity requirements. 41 CHAPTER 7: TRAFFIC EDUCATION 7.1 OVERVIEW To fulfill the Division's responsibility of maintaining and expanding the traffic education program, TRF promotes traffic safety through the County of Hawaii website, radio promos, and educational handout materials. The goal of the program is to reach out to Hawaii County, with particular emphasis on schools, in hopes of raising awareness and ultimately increasing traffic safety. 7.2 ACCOMPLISHMENTS The target groups of the traffic education program include, general motorists between the ages of 25 and 55, pedestrians, children, and infants. The list of current accomplishments include: • An improved Department of Public Works Traffic and Roadwork website (http://dpw.co.hawaii.hi.us/traffic/index.html) was launched on 8/30/10 to provide better public access to the following: 1. Information about current road projects; 2. Request services or ask traffic related questions; and 3. Report malfunctioning equipment or traffic related problems. • Road advisories were broadcasted to alert motorists of pending delays due to road work. • Eight traffic safety radio messages were recorded and are aired on KWXX, KNWB, and KAOY and are available on the Department of Public Works Traffic and Roadwork website. • Traffic safety stickers illustrated by local artist Sunny Pauole and "Be Aware Drive with Care" bookmarks were given out at the Police Keiki ID programs, Police Week, elementary school DARE presentations, police stations in Hilo and Kona, and Kona International Airport. • Reflective trick-or-treat Halloween bags imprinted with traffic safety tips were distributed to 35,000 public and private elementary school children in 2009, with plans for Halloween 2010 to include distributing an additional 15,000 bags to preschool children, daycare centers, police stations in Hilo and Kona, the Prosecutor's office in Hilo, and the Department of Public Works offices in Hilo and Kona. 7.3 GOALS The 2010-2011 traffic education goals include: • Promote the "Keep Our Community Safe, Buckle Up for Love" message to encourage parents to use child passenger restraint devices (safety seats) on children ranging from infants to preschoolers. According to the State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation, in 2004 safety seat use for infants declined from 97.1% to 96.77% and safety seat use for toddlers declined from 82.5% to 78.47%. The number of citations for failure to use vehicle occupant protection increased from 952 in 2004 to 1,585 in 2008. 42 I ' • Improve working relationships with community police officers to encourage their participation and promotion of innovative programs aimed at educating preschoolers about the importance of traffic safety. 1 • Speak to a minimum of twelve community organizations including the Rotary Club, the Lions Club, and the Kiwanis about the importance of traffic safety. ' • Work with insurance companies to include Rules of the Road brochures with vehicle insurance policies. • Improve marketing of the Department of Public Works Traffic and Roadwork website, Road Safety radio promos, and educational materials. • Encourage the Department of Public Works staff to inform customers to take advantage of the information and materials available on the Public Works Traffic and Roadwork website. • Utilize feedback from online surveys to look for ways to improve the Department of Public Works Traffic and Roadwork website and the availability of traffic safety information. • Streamline the request for services and repairs process through the increased use of a paperless electronic distribution system. Figures 7-1 to 7-4 are some of the traffic education materials that were produced and distributed in Hawaii County. REPORT Reckless Driving Call 911(Police) Road Hazards Call 935-3311(Police) Road Closure Request, Did you Call 961-2227(Police Traffic know? Services) 6/i Stop signs and traffic signals are State High tvaf•Maintenance considered emergency repairs. ;i Call 933-8678 Please call 961-8341 between 7:30am-4:00pm.After hours, call police at 935-3311. ER Figure 7-1: Important Phone Numbers and Repair Request Information I I 1 43 I Road Safety Radio Promos r The following radio promotional advertisements were created by the Department of Public Works and aired on KWXX,KAOY,B97,and B93 radio stations to aid in citizen awareness of common public safety issues.Transcripts also provided. L1.Painting Traffic Markings How do I drive around a section of road being painted? I 2.Broken Street Lights How do I report malfunctioning street lights? 3.Cross Walks U Do I cross the street safely? 4.Don't Miss Your Green Light Why won't the traffic light turn green? I 5.Non Working Traffic Signals What do I do when the traffic light isn't working? 6.Right Turns on Red Safety tips for the driver and pedestrian. 7.Stealing Sighs Why our street signs are important. 8.Halloween illi Halloween safety for drivers and keiki. Figure 7-2:Road Safety Radio Promos C r .F., -® — 1 r — — — i i I gain I WI I I nem WM I I i Mir* 1 1 L J L — J r — — r — iI I Wear, ...4 I 1 1 * I 7 . � i Apr I 1 Nags 4/ 1 Rath giei i , I awe I I 1 i Gnaw& 1 I AMey iii II Be Aware I Speed I °. ,' Drive I I wuh L _ _ _ a Care! • I II" r f,� cnumyoftNrw � o.prbnNM of Pubk Works kd I Figure 7-3:Traffic Safety Stickers and"Be Aware Drive with Care"Bookmark 44 RULES • *1111..* • of the ._� ROAD 111, g r j I=[ STREET LIGHTS OFF? PEDESTRIAN SIGNALS I Call us at 961-8341 to report sheet lights that are not work- WALK°or Walking Man Symbol:This Is like the green right for ing properly.Anyone who answers the phone Can help you. motorists Pedestrians tatting either the WALK'or walking man El N Please remember to give us the exact location of the light, symbol can begin their crossing_Many o1 our signalized intersec- a including the number of the pole its on.We need this infor- tans require that a button be pushed in order for you to get the �; matron because our crew Conducts repairs during the day- WALK'light. time hours,when all fights are out. m We have three basic Flashing DONT WALK-or Flashin Hand Symbol:This is like the lie. M types of malfunctions—lights being completely out,always g g Alt on,or cycling(on and off during the night). amber signal for motorists_Pedestrians facing a their crossing at , /l /1 1. w WALK or flashing hand symbol should continue their crossing at Repairs are normally done within 2 to 3 weeks.Our crew is a normal pace d they are already In the crosswalks. Pedestrians responsible for maintaining more man 9,246 streetlights and twang a hashing"DONT WALK'signal who have not started their 51 traffic signals sland-wide crossing should wait for the next WALK"signal. V Steady'DONT WALK or Hand Symbol:This is lke the red sig- County of Hawai`I nal for motorists.Wan on the sidewalk area for the WALK signal. Department of Public Works RI I. Remember,our WALK'and flashing'DONT WALK signals are Traffic Division calculated using an average waking speed of four feet per sea 106 nakmae Ave..Mao.Hi 96720 ond.So,its not necessary to run across the sheet whenever you 808.961-8341 are legally crossing In a marked crosswalk at intersections that nave pedestrian indications. However,be aware of inatlentive drivers,especially those making a right turn on red. www.co.hawaii.hi.us Call 961-8341 to report. Don't be dead right. , ,... s: F ww .—„=.,., Figure 7-4: "Rules of the Road" Handout L I 1111111111111111111111111.4s111111111111111 = TO TURN OR NOT TO TURN? DON'T GO OVER THE LINE! STEALING &VANDALIZING Right turns on red are allowed at signalized intersections if not vehicle detectors are Increasingly being used at signalized TRAFFIC SIGNS prohibited by signs. Motorists are cautioned to De especially Intersections to provide more efficient phasing and timing of the Many people beaeve that the act a stealing ol tlefacing Uaf- aware of pedestrians who are legally crossing the street on signals_ The type of detection system used by the County is tic signs is a harmless prank_ St st it's hall Stolen slot either a green WALK or a hushing'DON'T WALK'signal. called'presence"This means that you must stop at the marked signs are is most less pr problem,Well,with nstl Wren scan Pedestrians are also cautioned to be aware of motorists who stop-line in order for you to get the green light it you'creep' are making me right turn on led. It's a good practice to make pass the stop-line before getting a green signal,your'call"win ing signs coming In a close second.Anyone caught is sub- eye contact with the drivel whenever crossing any street to help be dropped and the green light will not appear until someone teol to criminal prosecution. Traffic signs are installed to assure a safer crossing. Oise stops at the stop-fine. make driving on our streets safer for everyone. It your child or someone you know has one of our signs in then room,please help make them understand that some- one could get seriously dl)ared or killed because of men 'harmless prank.' Be aware of pedestrians. Stop at the marked line. Not a harmless prank! 45 RIM 0 OF Wet Paint ORDER DARK TRAFFIC SIGNALS WET PAINT ON ROADS Whenever you approach a signalized intersection that rs Our traffic painters tace a mrahtude of hazards and frustra. completely oh.drivers are expected to come to a complete bons daily when painting traffic markings such as center- stop before entenng the intersection.As no one has the legal lines on County roadways.Although speeding,inattentive or right of way.the right hand rule"of traffic control prevails, just plain ignorant drivers create the most hazard.the most such as when there is a four-way stop control. frustrating are those motorists who run over the wet paint. Here are some bases to fallow- Please,look for the sign that states"Men Painting Roatf or t.The motorist who reaches the intersection first and or mange hank cones on the wet paint.Ample gaps are stops at the stop line has the right of way. left unpainted whenever possible so ddvers can make turns 2.If drivers reach the intersection at the same time from across the centerline without running over the wet paint different streets,the driver to the immediate right has the nghl of way 3.If diners reach the intersection at the same tune from opposite sides.the driver making the left turn must yield. If the length of me power failure cannot be accurately determined,our crew will install temporary stop signs to assign the nght way. Proceed with Caution Drive Safe! Figure 7-4:"Rules of the Road"Handout(cont'd) 1 1 I 1 I I I I 46 CHAPTER 8: TRAFFIC SIGN RETROREFLECTIVITY PROGRAM 8.1 OVERVIEW 8.1.1 Federal Mandate The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) published by the United States Department of Transportation — Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is recognized as the national standard for all traffic control devices installed on any street, highway, bikeway, or private road open to public travel. The second revision to the 2003 MUTCD first introduced the requirement that all agencies that maintain public roadways adopt a sign maintenance program designed to sustain traffic sign retroreflectivity at or above specific levels. Compliance dates for the aforementioned federal mandate include: • January 2012: All agencies will have to establish a sign maintenance program that can regularly address the new minimum sign retroreflectivity requirements. • January 2015: All agencies MUST comply with the new retroreflectivity requirements for: 1. Regulatory signs (red and white); 2. Warning signs (yellow); and 3. Ground mounted guide signs (green). • January 2018: All agencies MUST comply with the new retroreflectivity requirements for: 1. Overhead guide signs and 2. All street name signs. 8.1.2 Purpose of Retroreflectivity Requirements Nationwide highway statistics show that nighttime traffic accident fatality rates are about three times higher than daytime traffic accident fatality rates. To facilitate driver safety, every public agency responsible for maintaining public roadways is required to use retroreflective materials on non-illuminated traffic control devices. In an effort to reduce traffic accidents and as the older driver population increases, maintaining the minimum required retroreflectivity levels for traffic signs is of the utmost importance. 8.1.3 New Retroreflectivity Requirements As a traffic sign ages and the retroreflectivity values fall below the minimum required levels, it will have to be replaced. The life of a traffic sign as it relates to retroreflectivity will depend in large part on the direction the sign faces and the type and quality of sheeting material used. Table 8.1 describes the minimum required retroreflectivity levels for the various sheeting materials and for different types and colors of traffic signs. 47 Table 8-1: Minimum Maintained Retroreflectivity Levels Sheeting Type(ASTM D4956-04) Sign Color Beaded Sheeting Prismatic Sheeting Additional Criteria I I II I III III,IV,VI,VII,VIII,IX,X W*;G a 7 W*;G 2 15 I W*;G>25 I W>250;G 2 25 Overhead White on Green W*;G W>_120;G 2 15 Post-mounted Black on Yellow or Y*;O* Y>50:0>50 2 Black on Orange Y*;0* Y 2 75;O z 75 White on Red W>35;R>7 4 Black on White W>50 — The minimum maintained retrorefiectivity levels shown in this table are in units of cd/Ix/m2 measured at an observation angle of 0.2°and an entrance angle of-4.0°. 2 For tact and fine symbol signs measuring at least 48 inches and for all sizes of bold symbol signs 3 For text and fine symbol signs measuring less than 48 inches 4 Minimum sign contrast ratio>3:1(white retroreflectivity_red retroreflectivity) *This sheeting type shall not be used for this color for this application. Bold Symbol Signs •W1-1,2—Turn and Curve •W3-1—Stop Ahead •W11-2—Pedestrian Crossing •W1-3,4—Reverse Turn and •W3-2—Yield Ahead •W11-3,4,16-22—Large Animals Curve •W3-3—Signal Ahead •W11-5—Farm Equipment •W1-5—Winding Road •W4-1—Merge •W11-6—Snowmobile Crossing •W1-6,7—Large Arrow •W4-2—Lane Ends •W11-7—Equestrian Crossing •W1-8—Chevron •W4-3—Added Lane •W11-8—Fire Station •W1-10—Intersection in Curve •W4-5—Entering Roadway Merge •W11-10—Truck Crossing •W1-11—Hairpin Curve •W4-6—Entering Roadway •W12-1—Double Arrow •W1-15—270 Degree Loop Added Lane •W 16-5P,6P,7P—Pointing Arrow •W2-1—Cross Road •W6-1,2—Divided Highway Plaques •W2-2,3—Side Road Begins and Ends •W20-7—Flagger •W2-4,5—T and Y Intersection •W6-3—Two-Way Traffic •W21-1—Worker •W2-6—Circular Intersection •W10-1,2,3,4,11,12—Grade •W2-7,8—Double Side Roads Crossing Advance Warning Fine Symbol Signs(symbol signs not listed as bold symbol signs Special Cases •W3-1—Stop Ahead: Red retroreflectivity 2 7 •W3-2—Yield Ahead: Red retrorefiectivity 2 7;White retroreflectivity 2 35 •W3-3—Signal Ahead: Red retroreflectivity 2 7;Green retroreflectivity 2 7 •W3-5—Speed Reduction: White retroreflectivity 2 50 •For non-diamond shaped signs,such as W14-3(No Passing Zone),W4-4P(Cross Traffic Does Not Stop),or W13-1P,2,3,6,7(Speed Advisory Plaques),use the largest sign dimension to determine the proper minimum retroreflectivity level. 8.1.4 Responsibilities of Public Agencies Every public agency responsible for maintaining public roadways is required to meet the minimum traffic sign retroreflectivity requirements of Table 8-1 by the dates specified in Section 8.1.1. It is recommended that specific resources and programs be devoted to ensure the proper visibility and legibility of traffic signs and that they remain properly mounted and in good working condition. In addition to improving safety for drivers, FHWA states that implementing a reasonable method for maintaining traffic sign retroreflectivity could serve to defend public agencies in tort liability claims and litigation. FHWA believes that demonstrating a sensible maintenance policy will better equip public agencies against tort litigation claims of improper sign retroreflectivity. 8.1.5 Maintaining Minimum Retroreflectivity The two types of methods for maintaining minimum traffic sign retroreflectivity are assessment methods and management methods. Each agency is expected to choose an assessment method, a management method, or a combination of the two. 48 Assessment Methods: 1. Visual Assessment — On-the-fly assessments of retroreflectivity are made by an inspector during nighttime conditions using one of the following procedures: • Calibration Signs Procedure: The inspector views "calibration signs" that have known retroreflectivity levels at or above the minimum levels prior to conducting inspections. The "calibration signs" are viewed in conditions and in a manner similar to those of nighttime inspections. The appearance of the "calibration signs" set retroreflectivity thresholds that are used to evaluate the traffic signs during nighttime inspections. • Comparison Panels Procedure: Comparison panels are used to assess traffic signs that have marginal retroreflectivity. The comparison panels are fabricated at retroreflectivity levels at or above the minimum levels. Through visual inspection, traffic signs determined to have marginal retroreflectivity are compared to the comparison panels and are replaced as required. • Consistent Parameters Procedure: Nighttime inspections are conducted under similar conditions that were used to develop the minimum retroreflectivity levels including: 1. The use of a sport utility vehicle or pick-up truck; 2. The use of a year 2000 or newer vehicle; and 3. The inspector should be at least 60 years old. 2. Measured Sign Retroreflectivitv—The retroreflectivity of traffic signs is measured using a portable retroreflectometer and directly compared to the pertinent minimum retroreflectivity levels. Traffic signs with retroreflectivity below the pertinent minimum levels shall be replaced. Management Methods: 1. Expected Sign Life—Traffic signs are replaced in predetermined cycles before they reach the end of their expected service life. Expected service life is considered to be the time anticipated for the retroreflective material to degrade to the pertinent minimum levels and can be based on the following: • Sign sheeting warranties; • Weathering deck results; and • Measurements of field signs. This method requires a system for tracking sign age such as the use of "date of fabrication" sign labels or transportation asset management software. 2. Blanket Replacement — All traffic signs within a specified area or of a given type are replaced at specified time intervals regardless of when they were installed. 3. Control Signs — Replacement of traffic signs is based on the performance of a sample of control signs. The control signs might be a small sample located in the maintenance yard or a sample of signs in the field. The control signs should be monitored to determine the pertinent expected service life. The aforementioned methods are those established through FHWA, however other methods developed based on engineering studies can be used as well. 49 8.2 THE PROGRAM 8.2.1 Traffic Sign Estimate for Hawaii County Based on the Sign Retroreflectivity Toolkit provided by FHWA,there is an estimated 26,441 traffic signs in Hawaii County. This value is based on 947.15 centerline miles of County maintained roadway. Additional data provided in the estimate includes: • 21,153 total regulatory signs/2,115 failed regulatory signs; • 3,966 total warning signs/2,618 failed warning signs; and • 1,322 total guide signs/ 1,322 failed guide signs. With an estimated cost to replace a traffic sign ranging from $100 to $150, the total materials cost to replace all failed signs is between $605,500 and $920,360. 8.2.2 Method Selection Several key factors were considered in determining the most effective method for TRF. The factors considered included: • Overall cost; • Manpower involved; • Time; and • Efficiency. Based on the aforementioned items, TRF determined that the assessment methods were not sensible alternatives. Due to the current budget and manpower limitations, night surveillance would not be a practical option. Additionally, the use of a retroreflectometer would be an inefficient means of evaluating retroreflectivity of the traffic signs. TRF will use the expected sign life management method initially, with a possible transition to the blanket replacement management method in the future. In an effort to be in compliance by January 2015, the expected sign life management method would minimize the amount of traffic signs that would need to be replaced within a three to four year period. The Sign Retroreflectivity Toolkit provided by FHWA estimates that we currently have about 6,055 traffic signs that are not in compliance and an expected increase of non- compliant signs per year of 10%. Past practice shows that TRF can replace between 2,000 and 2,500 traffic signs per year, which is a pace that will allow TRF to meet the FHWA requirements by January 2015. As time goes on, the traffic sign retroreflectivity program will be evaluated and adjustments will be made based on what would best suit our resources and needs at the time. In order to properly keep track of the traffic sign inventory and traffic sign age, TRF needs to establish an inventory and implement a transportation asset management program. 50 8.3 TRAFFIC SIGN INVENTORY 8.3.1 Data Acquisition—Status TRF is in the process of planning the data acquisition phase of the traffic sign inventory. The data to be acquired pertains to the traffic signs along the 944.33 centerline miles of County maintained roads, which amounts to an estimated 26,441 traffic signs. As the first priority, TRF proposes to contract the traffic sign data collection and retroreflectivity work. The reasons for pursuing a consultant include: • Time would be saved by allowing a specialist to handle the data acquisition; • Will allow TRF to perform normal responsibilities and not have to reassign staff to handle traffic sign inventory; • The increase in traffic signs and markings maintenance backlog will be minimized as TRF staff can continue with their normal responsibilities; • Cost comparisons reflect that initial costs would be higher to use a consultant, however it does not reflect the value of the time and money saved by allowing TRF to continue with their normal maintenance and project related work; • Traffic sign inventory data collection is not a responsibility normally performed by TRF; and • Data will be available to accommodate Corporation Counsel requests. 8.3.2 Data Acquisition -Consultant The current most viable option is to contract the data acquisition work to Mandli Communications (Mandli). Mandli is the consultant currently under contract with DOT to video log the State maintained roads and the County maintained roads that qualify for federal funding. In the past and most recently in 2006, the County of Hawaii, Department of Public Works (DPW) initiated a contract with Mandli to include among other things, a video log of the remaining County roads not covered under the DOT contract. Mandli has the ability to collect traffic sign inventory and retroreflectivity data at the same time they are performing the video log work. The work would be done in three steps including: • Perform video log, traffic sign retroreflectivity, and GPS location work in field; • Post-process video log, retroreflectivity information, and GPS data in office; and • Provide traffic sign inventory data in a usable electronic format compatible with the transportation asset management software that will be implemented by DPW. The estimated costs are as follows ($252,205 to $437,292): • $110,000—video log; • $132,205 to$317,292—traffic sign and retroreflectivity data ($5 to $12 per sign) • $10,000—upload into transportation asset management software. 51 Mandli is planning on meeting with TRF on January 20, 2011 to discuss the data collection process and options. One idea Mandli is proposing is that they collect traffic sign type and location data in the 2010-2011 fiscal year and perform traffic sign retroreflectivity work in the 2011-2012 fiscal year. Breaking up the data collection into two parts would help keep the cost per year down. The downside is that TRF will have one less year to get an assessment of the retroreflectivity values of the existing traffic signs and less time to replace the traffic signs not meeting the minimum retroreflectivity values. 8.3.3 Data Acquisition—Budget For the 2011-2012 fiscal year, TRF budgeted $183,000 to hire a consultant to perform the data acquisition for the traffic sign inventory and retroreflectivity data and $140,000 to account for the purchase of the video log. Likewise, for the 2009-2010 fiscal year fund balance, TRF also requested $180,000 to hire a consultant to perform the data acquisition for the traffic sign inventory and retroreflectivity data and $140,000 to account for the purchase of the video log. The approval of each of these fund balance requests was still pending at the time that this report was written. If both funding options (budget and fund balance) are approved, the surplus will be used to purchase the needed additional traffic sign materials for the program. 8.4 TRANSPORTATION ASSET MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE 8.4.1 Background Mission statement of the Highway Fund: "To maintain and to continually improve the County's roadway transportation system for a safe and efficient movement of people and goods around the island." In 2009, the County of Hawaii, Office of the Legislative Auditor completed the Limited Scope Performance Audit of the Highway Fund (audit). One of the main objectives of the report was to provide a broad review of the current internal control systems of DPW, HWY, and TRF to determine if theses controls were adequate to support the attainment of the mission statement of the Highway Fund. The following were some of the findings in the audit: • County lacking a preventative maintenance program for its existing assets; • HWY lacking measurable program objectives, performance measures, and adequate planning for road maintenance; and • Inadequate road condition information to support item 2 and to determine the remaining service life of the existing roads. 52 In 2010, TRF purchased the RoadSoft GIS program in an effort to address the aforementioned findings and to meet following TRF goals: • Implement a traffic accident analysis system that will allow for the planning of safety improvement projects based on accident rates and trends and • Acquire software to manage the traffic sign retroreflectivity program. 8.4.2 RoadSoft GIS RoadSoft GIS is a client/GIS based software used as a traffic accident analysis and transportation asset management and data collection tool. RoadSoft GIS can be used for the following: • Inventorying; • Viewing; • Reporting; and • Planning. RoadSoft GIS includes modules for: • Safety (accident); • Signs; • Pavement markings; • Road surface and inventory; • Bridges; • Culverts; • Guardrails; and • Driveways. Although RoadSoft GIS is a software with an array of capabilities, the focus of this report will center around the sign module and how it will be incorporated into our traffic sign retroreflectivity program. 8.4.3 Sign Module When TRF acquires the traffic sign inventory as described in Section 8.3, the data will be uploaded into RoadSoft GIS where the sign module will be used to manage the TRF traffic sign retroreflectivity program. The traffic sign inventory will show the following: • Type; • Size; • Location (GPS coordinates and/or linear reference to nearest side street); • Side of road; • Direction facing; • Retroreflectivity Value; • Maintenance History; and • Work Order History. 53 Using the GIS mapping tools, the sign inventory can be viewed in order to determine where the signs are located and the type(s) of sign(s) in each location. Some of the reports that can be generated include: • Sign types and locations per area; • The signs that have adequate retroreflectivity levels or the signs that have inadequate retroreflectivity levels; • The date of installation per sign; and • Work order histories. Using the reports and the asset management tools, maintenance programs can be created that establish things such as blanket replacement areas, the number and types of signs that need to be replaced, and the cost of sign replacement to prepare future operations and maintenance budget planning. As the program progresses and traffic signs get replaced, the traffic sign inventory will be updated to show new installation dates, new sign installations, and signs that are removed. The updated information will be used for evaluation of the traffic sign retroreflectivity program to determine how the program will be managed in the future and if changes need to be made. 54 CHAPTER 9: OTHER PROGRAMS 9.1 OVERVIEW The primary goals of TRF to address traffic safety include: • Maintaining a minimum standard for traffic signs, markings, signals, and street lights; • Raise awareness through new measures; and • Informing the public of the traffic rules and regulations. In addition to the work that TRF is doing to improve traffic safety in Hawaii County, there are other programs that play a key role in the effort. 9.2 MASS TRANSIT The Mass Transit Agency was established for the purpose of providing mass transit service in Hawaii County under the requirements as described in Chapter 51 of the Hawaii Revised Statutes and Chapter 2, Article 14 of the Hawaii County Code. Mass transit service plays a key role in addressing traffic safety by reducing the number of passenger/personal vehicles on the road, which in effect lowers the potential for traffic accidents and congestion. In an effort to encourage more mass transit use, island-wide bus transportation via the Hele-On bus is provided for free and the Shared Ride Taxi program starting at $2.00 per ride within the towns of Hilo and Kona is available. Figure 9-1 summarizes the changes in bus ridership Hawaii County. 110,000 100,000 July,2009-June,2010 90,000 80,000 fl 70,000 60,000 July,2008-June,2009 a 50,000 • 40.000 July,2007-June,2008 30,000 20,000 10,000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month Figure 9-1: Bus Ridership in Hawaii County ■ In the 2009-2010 fiscal year, bus ridership totaled 92,000 boardings per month and 190 000 p g p , shared ride taxi users per year in Hawaii County and 1.1 million shared ride taxi users per year in the entire United States. Hawaii County made up 17.27% of the shared ride taxi users per year in the United States. 55 Using the data provided in Table 4-2, in the most recent 12-month period, there was an estimated 682,609 vehicular one-way trips per day in Hawaii County. In the 12-month period of the 2009-2010 fiscal year, there was an estimated 3,025 bus boardings per day. Assuming that each bus boarding is the equivalent of a one-way vehicular trip, there were a total of 685,635 total trips (passenger vehicles trips and bus trips) per day per 12-month period with 99.56% being passenger vehicular trips and 0.44% being bus boardings. 9.3 POLICE ENFORCEMENT TRF establishes appropriate traffic safety measures and laws in an effort to improve traffic safety. Through the findings generated from investigations and projects, TRF uses traffic signs and markings, the Hawaii County Code, and the amendment/ordinance process to establish appropriate and enforceable traffic laws. The Hawaii Police Department plays an important role in addressing traffic safety through the use of enforcement to encourage motorists to obey the established traffic laws and traffic control devices. Proper enforcement encourages compliance, which in effect improves traffic safety. Table 9.2 summarizes the number of traffic citations issued in Hawaii County. Table 9-2:Traffic Citations Issued in Hawaii County Year Speed Seatbelt Moving Regulatory Total 2009 15,289 4,187 19,135 23,049 61,660 56 CHAPTER 10: SUMMARY 10.1 GOALS In the upcoming year, TRF will strive to make improvements in reducing the backlog of operations and maintenance work, increasing production and completion rates on investigation and project work, and implementing programs geared towards traffic and pedestrian safety. TRF is to achieve the aforementioned goals through the proper use and training of staff, employing innovative and more efficient equipment and techniques, hiring of additional qualified personnel, and following through and taking the next step with projects and programs that have already been started. 10.2 STAFF TRF hopes to hire five additional Traffic Signs and Markings personnel to primarily assist with the resurfacing restriping work that as of July 1, 2011 can no longer be handled through a price term contractor. TRF has historically used a private contractor to stripe roads that were resurfaced as a part of HWY's resurfacing program. The additional personnel will also allow more flexibility of existing Traffic Signs and Markings staff to assist with the traffic sign maintenance work generated by the upcoming federally mandated new traffic sign retroreflectivity requirements. 10.3 PROJECTS 10.3.1 Road Safety Audit Program The list of locations that received the highest accident rates for 2009 and should be considered for the RSAP include: • Ponahawai Street/ Ululani Street intersection; • E. Makaala Street at the Walmart driveway; • E. Makaala Street at the Walgreens driveway; • Hualalai Road / Kuakini Highway intersection; and • E./W. Kahaopea Street/ Kilauea Avenue intersection. 10.3.2 Traffic Signals The list of intersections that are approved for traffic signals, but are pending design and installation include: • Alii Drive/ Lunapule Road intersection; • Alii Drive/Royal Poinciana Drive intersection; and • Alii Drive/ Hualalai Road intersection. The aforementioned intersections were approved for traffic signal installation in an effort to mitigate the additional traffic generated by the opening of the northern portion of the Mamalahoa Bypass. 57 The list of the top five intersections that are warranted for traffic signals and qualify for a formal traffic signal engineering study include: • Kuakini Highway/Walua Road-Oni Oni Street intersection; • Hina-Lani Street/ Kanalani Street intersection; • Kuakini Highway/ Kaiwi Street intersection; • Mamalahoa Highway/ Kaiminani Drive intersection; and • Manono Street/ Piilani Street intersection. 10.4 PROGRAMS 10.4.1 Traffic Education The traffic education program will continue the effort of educating Hawaii County about traffic safety and the traffic safety rules that are most common, or either misunderstood or otherwise not clearly explained. The traffic education program will focus on educating preschool age children and will reach out to schools, community organizations, insurance companies, and the internet to promote and distribute educational materials. 10.4.2 Traffic Sign Retroreflectivity Program In the upcoming year, TRF will work to establish the traffic sign retroreflectivity program. TRF acquired transportation asset management software and is in the process of budgeting for and hiring a contractor to collect a full traffic sign inventory. By the end of the 2011 calendar year, TRF should have a traffic sign inventory (traffic sign type and location) that is uploaded into the transportation asset management software. Traffic sign retroreflectivity values will be collected in the 2012-2013 fiscal year. Once the traffic sign inventory and retroreflectivity values are collected, TRF will use the expected sign life method to replace the regulatory, warning, and ground mounted guide signs that are not meeting the retroreflectivity requirements or expected to not be in compliance in the near future. The primary goal is to meet the January 2015 retroreflectivity requirements. The traffic sign retroreflectivity program may transition to the use of the blanket replacement method in the future depending on what is deemed to be the most practical based on TRF resources and needs. 58