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Research on the effectiveness of child safety seats in passenger cars has found them to reduce fatal injury by 71% for infants (less than one year old) and by 54% for toddlers (1-4 years old). For infants and toddlers in light trucks, the corresponding reductions are 58% and 59%, respectively (NHTSA's NCSA 2003). The 2013 Hawai'i Child Restraint Survey Report, Table II shows that Hawai'i County had the lowest rate of infant and toddler restraint use in 2013, which was also a drastic decline from the 2012 report of 90.91%(infant); 95.35% (toddlers); and 93.13% (overall). Table II Overall Restraint Use Rates for Children Under 4 years of age By Island, 2013 Child Restraint Report Usage Rate Oahu Maui Hawai'i Kaua'i Total Infants 100% 100% 50% 100% 87.5% Toddlers 82.39% 93.33% 68.12% 79.03% 80.72% Total 85.11% 94% 65.82% 80.88% 81.45% The Hawai'i Police Department (HPD) has issued 3,913 seat belt citations and 208 child restraint citations over the past four years with grant funds. See Table III HPD Occupant Protection Enforcement Statistics. Table III HPD Occupant Protection Enforcement Statistics 2011-2014 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total Grant 1,208 983 837 885 3,913 Funded S.B. Citations Grant 78 46 40 44 208 Funded C.R. Citations HPD believes educating youths and their parents on seat belt and child restraint use is an important step towards compliance. HPD will enforce the child restraint law and educate families and youths about the importance of those laws by obtaining written Occupant Agreement Pledges (OAP) from youths and adults to wear their seat belts and ensure all occupants of vehicles operated by them are restrained. Table IV shows the number of OAP obtained during youth sporting events (2011-2014). Table IV Written OAP (2011-2014) Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 824 372 1,100 1,643