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COM 0281.004 2016-2018
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E9Z8-[96-808 :auoijd . 5 �zv�l3 aallzurucop � ':.�,;r.ti ;4. vuvdvlvx ` rivyY vogvd psun r ssn 4a n at nd '�� �'vl• '`�V trpf/tr vund —S ZamiszQ �L Ill�' .�S .14 - -� da uca launo uoyvaraad pun sy.wd svom 3g14nd ,�bti�o�s,�• SaT9D llf mar , D Ut. . : ,-::• .,,,.. :,- .„.„. i2( DIRF.CTPRIfFiCu E — . - • ------ . OLP . :V.1._..• ,.• • : '2;:..,.:...':'' ' :'.',7.4.C.\(:::, • : :: . : IR ASP0 'i. I i()fd-. 1 :: •. , : " . • % • • :. . ..‘:' ":', : . : :.- - - ' ..: -: : :"-''. S .I6rith 6t* S W " • us Department: --,:i,..,.4-;.‘-...:::,. ...s. . Q Fa. •• ....,,41 ., :r. i .,,i, .. ..-.. .ii.4-#is . _ of TrtirispoiVtioel .\ - !; ::,,.., - -• "--t -- ' • - ---IXT ...- ..:: • 4 .0 2 T.11•' hingtort,D.b.20g90 • '-''' • Federal • ,, --•.,'- ;-.-.:,•-•,,?" .• - • : ; -, . . • • .- ' .. , ,•\._.. : • :: ,., :..• . •-• . .., , Refer.to HCR Admifirttratidp;. ::::.. :-...'! ' • • _. , - :, - . ,. : ..- '' *1--')‘-•-.. .-:•:::. '• ' :i;i . ; C.n teriale.C - .--..S Of-a 'eag . • . . . . . ,:.... .4 . Mr:.Kat.1.--flayaShiad..;::15.iieotor.: --,: : : ' • : •, •: ' -1 :' : •; " . Hawaii Department Transp&rtation- . - - ; ... .. - : i.!._ : ,.:.- . . . : ..,..- .., .„: , .. _ • S69 Punchbowl Street •:' : .": -_- • ,.. " , • ;- - : , : '... •: -.. ..., .... .. : • ---i • rn,--,4 :1-icitiolilti,silawaii•968'131506' - . . • _ . s .. : .:• .,. .. .., , ..: . i--....:, , ---E.--;1.- . . • Dear Mt:liayashidal:. : • ; ::• •- .. : : . : .: ..-:: • ' -- • -to . • rn .rs.>.• ' The Federal Highway Administration-(flIWA)has completed the inveStigatiOn.Of the ()111.:-.7t'tit • • .o. 'discrimination'filed by:the'SnstainabilitY:Obi:h:Mit:tee.againSt:ithe'lialii4ii Department . .. • . . • Transpoitation,MO.Ty00 your stibrecipient„,,IjaWaii COnstitytThelPITVA•itas concluded that, . • :the eviderice'supports-••ilie:•ajlegationSoiSed j11.:the complaint of discriminations :A, opy of the . • -. .InveStigatiVe Report is enclosed .T116 F'ILI:\VA:l.ios list of recommendations that must • 9 be irtipleixiefited-biefor:e:your agency can be determined to be in compliance,''Iri accordance with ! . ' the:tegtilationS;4i: 31: 64e,of fe'd.et _-:Regtilations, Pali 200.9(00),-.'.Whith'13tOViaes that the State .., ... .. ! . . . : :.. •,:., • ,-.:" .. ....:: - " - : : - .• highaY agency shall••:f4ke'hffitinatiVe aetion.to correct any defloie4(ieS.46(ind:by the'F},1WA • : w'thin 4.•teiSOnable tithot;e:..ii.04,.titit to.exceed 90'4ayS.;:in•Stdeif to int-lenient Title VT- • . . compliance iii accordance with State signed assurances and required guidelines . • • „,,, . -- - ' - , .:' " • . . : . ., - . :- -. . : - ••••. •• :.. -. • •: . ". ,,,• ... . : ,: : .„. . . '•::. • ,U1Yone•Who intimidates,threatens, coerces,:or engages471:other discriminatory against • • individuals because Of#ttiO.AS,404en,tO secure rightS,prcitetted:by:,•tiii.:rihts'laws may be found :in violation of these laws..*'::..S.ny_:ilidividilal v1:12 believes he or she has:beeii:Sibjected to . , . .. harassment or intimidation:-may'file a complaint With..the't 6ddal:Fligh.Way„-Adrninisti-atioii. Any , . questions or concerns you have regarding the investigative process:and your rights can be discussed with with the invejtigatot, " , : , , ::: : , : : .,, • ,.. . -• . . ,. , : • : : - . . _ :.: : : , • -: , . - " , - - . . . . Under the Freedom of Information Ad it may be necessary to release:this.aottinient and fela.ed correspondence:an4Teop4.:.:In the 6Vplif•);\re receive Sutti.:-.i.request,-We will seek t(-i protect • persotial'in.forinatio4Whidh;:if released,-6.01d invasion:cOnStittitd.an u.nW0taiitect . •of privacy '• .• , . ,. . ,:, .. ,... . , : . , : • , .: : . . - ,,,:: ' -., • :. .:. ,' -::.: :‘:: : :, :. :' 1-.: . . -:.: ' SintetelY:yours,' '': :: : . :. -... •:-. -: '- ,.::•...:i -.' : '.. ' ..: . -- - •-...', , -.....; • .. : ,: .: - -- _.. ...: : •• • • • i ' ' • : - • . • : : . . , .: .. , •_/,>. Edward., . Kiorns,..Jr. ,, ...:. • , • , • • Director, Office of--CiVil.,KightS.‘ :,' .':'•- . . : . . , • ", . - ' • i ' - Enclo8ure'. . :, .: _ ? .. : : : ' : . : - , . : .:':::-::: :', ', . -• . . - .. . , . • - .• .:.. ... . . ; :: -. - . . . . . ; •• : . . . . , . •, .... .. ; .. ...: . .• . . .1 : • - , • , • • • • , . - ' , . . . ..,. • . •• .... .• . •• . - : :. ' . • - • • . .. . : ' . , . • . - , " • • - .... ' • • • • ' '' ' ' ' • ' •• .. • . . . * . . •, . • . • •• : , ,• . . .., ". . ,". : • „ • . .. • :: 2. . • , • . •, :. • • . " . . INVESTIGATIVE REPORT. . I. COMPLAINANT. - :Sustainability Committee P:..O.Box6 • Volcano, Hawaii 96785 II RESPONDENT • ::. Hawaii Department of Transportation(HOOT) 869"Punchbowl Street.. Honolulu,Hawaii 96813-5036 :. • Kazu°Hayashida, Director :...And = ; • .: • • Hawaii County, Hawaii ' III. APPLICABLE-LAW\STATUTE Title VI'of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Executive'Order 12898. : •. • 49 Code of:Federal:Regulations (CFR) Part 21 23 Codesof Federal:Regulations(CFR),Part 200. • IV. : :BASIS • National Origin:Native:Hawaiians' V. LEGAL THEORIES AND ELEMENTS OF PROOF FOR-TITLE VI COMPLAINT • Title VI provides that no:person in the United Staten shall,on the ground of race, color, or national origin,be excluded from participation in,be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or.activity receiving Federal financial assistance. • Page.1 of. 6 : Title VI and.regulations promulgated.thereunder bar(I) intentional discrimination and(2) policies and practices.thatha-ve:a discriminatory impact. . • ` . APPLICABLE.LEGAL THEORIES :Intentional Discrimination/Disparate Treatment • Under intentional:discrimination; the recipient, in violation.of the statute;.engages in intentional discrimination based on:race, color,: or national origin. An intent.claim:alleges,that similarly situated persons are treated differently because of their:race;color, or national origin*. To prove intentional discrimination, one°mast show that a challenged action-was Motivated by an intent to discriminate. This.requires a showing that:;the decisionmaker was not only aware of the - . complainant's race, color,or national origin,but that the-recipient acted, at least in part,because . of the complainant's..race,color, or.national origin: Direct proof of discriminatory motive is..often unavailable: In the absence.of such evidence, • claims of intentional. :discrimination under..Title VI may be analyzed:Using the Title VII'burden shifting analytic framework..established by the Supreme Court..m McDonnell Douglas v. - Green:,4.1I.U.S.-792(1973).. Applying the:McDonnell Douglas principles to a Title VI claim, the investigating agency must . first determine if the.con plainant can raise an inference of:discrir ination:by. establishing a prima facie case. If the record contains.sufficientevidence to establish a prima facie case.of discriminat• ion,the- investigating agency must:then determine:if the recipient:can articulate-a legitimate, • nondiscriminatory reason for the challenged action...-:If the recipient can articulate a nondiscriminatory explanation,`for-the:alleged discriminatory action;the'investigating agency must determine•whether:the record contains sufficient evidence to.establish that the recipient's -stated reason.was.a pretext.for'discrimination. In other words,the-evidence must support' a . finding that the reason articulated: by the recipient was not:the true-reason for the:challenged action; and that the real reason was discrimination:based on'race,=color,.or`national origin. Disparate Impact Under the disparate impact:theory , a recipient, in violation-of agency regulations,uses a neutral • procedure or practice that.has:a disparate impact.on,.protected:ir dividuals,.and such practice: lacks a substantial.legitimate'justification. In-a disparate impact case the:focus'of the investigation concerns the consequences.-Of the=recipient's:practices,rather.that.tl the recipient's:intent. To establish liability;under'disparate impact, the investigating agency: ust•first ascertain whether the recipient utilized a-facially,neutral practice that had-a disproportionate impact:on.a group . • protected by Title VI-. : . • - - Page 2 of 6 • If the eviden•ce establishes• •a prima° .facie:case,the investi atin.-:agency-must then determine whether th•e recipient can-articulate.a substantial'legitimate:justification for the challenged practice: To prove a substantial legitimate justification;-the recipient must show that the . challengedpolicy was necessary to meeting a"goal,that was:legitimate;.important, and integral to • the recipients mission. • - If the recipient can make such a showing,the inquiry mustifocus on whether there are any equally effective alternative:practices:that would result in-less.adverse impact'or Whether the • . • justification proffered bythe recipient is'actually•a;pretext:for discrimination. - If a substantial legitimate justification is identified,the third stage of the disparate.impact - analysis is the complainant',s demonstration of:a less discriminatory_ alternative. ' VI. FINDINGS • :.. . .. •Issues .: • Issue#1' - - : ...:... • The Hawaii Department of:Trans sortation.(HDOT).and Hawaii'County's Draft Hawaii Long • • Range Transportation Plan(HLRTP ):and.Final.HL . . P;•discri'mi •nate-'by•_fail• ing':to .recognize ' actual land-uses and"populatiois affecting low income and: Native.Hawaiians. in its long range • :transportation'planning - • ' _Issue#2 - HDOT-&Hawaii County fail to take into consideration'economic;development and multi-modal transportationneeds of:low;income communities'and specifically,'those in Puna and'Ka'u. • Issue.#3 : HDOT andsHawaii County.HIATP fail to provide transportation alternatives to meet the economicand multi modal-:needs`.c.f:the communities. • Issue 44 • • ' : •: HDOT and Hawaii County have failed to identify and apply.evaluative',criteria in development of}ILRTI in Puna&Ka'u,.'aswell as statewide:, • Issue#5 - • _ Native Hawaiians,who arelow•incore,are not being treated fairly'in Puna and Ka'u due to the discriminatory HLRTP of both HDOT and Hawaii.County. .: : 3•`af : Page • Analysis.of::Evidence . -• , • ' - . Complainants allege that:State&County officials"deliberately" •undercount residents due to policy set by State and County officials in favor of large land owners/developers::..Complainants allege that-State`andCounty officials knowingly zone residential land as:farm.land,:'based upon r erroneous:'projected pop�lat'ion gures which cannot be supported-by the;State or. Hawaii County officials.: . .. : : . • Complainants;provided data which shows that the'HD OT&Hawaii County are excluding law none arid Native`;Hawaiians from consideration`in its.HL RTP..based.upon land use-policies. . • Investigation:disclosed:that:Respondent":officials use.:outside consultants.to:'prepare population . • . • projections,in for nulating::their general:plan. Respondent officials wwereunable to provide ' • documentation regarding how_t e consultants arrive at their:projected population data for any of its jurisdictions. 'Investigation disclosed that Respondents''fake'the word of the:consultants • • • without'verification.,- • • - • Investigation further disclosed that Respondents are not:collceting:data in accordance with the • requirements of 23 CFI.,--Part.200..9 (b) (4).and Executive°Order.12`898, Section 3-3. Investigation also disclosed through•an interview with the Title VI:Specialistfor HOOT that the • Title VI Specialist only"s ends:5% of his time in the Title VI area. : • •The_position description•for the Title VI Specialist which:is'.dated^may 8 1,970, addresses only equal employment":o- artuiuty-(EEO)-duties. •There is.nothing.-in-'the-positiori:description that - • .covers-Title.W. • The Title VI _stated that he_doe not conduct program reviews forcompliance.with`Title Specialist . • VI nor does he exercise""oversight,for.Title`VI compliance with`SubreciplentS.: , Record evidence-shows that=the:latest-Title VI':Plan".submitted:by FOOT to the Division Office - does riot comply with 49 CFR.21.or 23 CFR 200. . , ' : . - Conclusion .Based upon the:information reviewed during.the investigation;the shows that the • - Respondents Hawaii Department of Transportation and Hawaii County are:not in with':the requirements.of;Title'VI ofthe:Civil Rights Act':of: 964:as,outlined..by the procedures and requirements.at:23`CF200 and 49 CFR 21. •Tue evidence'Yfitti er::shiows that the re- uir..ements of Exe'cutrve.":Order X12898,Section 3-3.are:not being`followed. . . • • q Page 4 of :6 • • Specifically,the.investigation disclosed the following: - - - 1. The.HDOT and Eawaii County:,have failed: .to collect,analyze and evaluate:°data:as required under 49 CFR-. 21:9.(b), 23' CFR< 200:9 `b:;::arid Executive��Order:122 data$98; Section • 2. The HDOTdoes not have:a viable Title VI Plan in-operation;. • 3. The HOOT'S Title VI Specialist is not performing the requirements_of the position as outlinedin the regulations at 23 CFR 200:.9(b). VII RECOMMENDATIONS • .1. It is recommended that with theassistance and guidance"of the Western Resource Center and the FHWA Division Office,.the MOOT`and its-subrecipient,shall take"immediate • .. action to:come into•compliance-with 23 CFR:200�`49_CFR. :arid,Executive.Order •12.898. Areas requiring-.immediate attention-and.action include°but are`-not limited to the • • following: • a. . The development of a Title VI Implementation Plan that complies with the regulations b. The ininiediatecollection,maintenance and analysis of information:regairding.the populations in the State of Hawaii identified by.race;:national Origin,-and income • :.: • - level as: :outlined iri�Executive..Order 12898 `Section 3-3. The population areas • cited in he complaint should-be included.ir:the analysis:, c. The data retrieved:and analyzed.:in:. above shall':be:im iediate and Y appropriately utilized in the development.of.the:HZRP. 2. It is recommended requestand receive immediate Title VI training. The Western Resource Center will provide:the Title VI training. • • • Page 5 of 6 SUSTAINABILITY COMI4ITTEE vs... .. HAWAII DEPARTMENT OP TRANSPORTATION - . •and:... .. ; HAWAII COUNTY:... •....: :. •APPROVED:BY • • • ,, --;:a0..p..4 , •, . • . qi --. , . , - - , . . . 1 i.tom. Director,Office'of CiviI:R gh . . ts: . " Date . - - • -c---). :. Page 6 of . .: .- :400 Sgverith'St.,:�$��It/. - . US.Department : : 400 Seventh St, N. 590 of Transportation .. .� � ,. - � : �SEt� 2�$ n . . . Federal:HighW►Y Administration� - .. . • MsB.onnie.Goodell..: .. . Sustainablity:Coininittee. P.O. Box6 • RECEIVED : Volcano Hawaii:96785.: • :QC :S • . .2000 Dear Ms Goodell: • • • HA 1AII DIVISION -�.. =. � . Completed�the�investrgatiioriof the. complaint � . - � The Federal�Htglway Aclxn.�i�straton�;(FHWA)has _ ��: �on�'�DOT: and- which you filed‘against against-the Hawaii. :Department'o f Tiranspo t ( ) of discrimination .:. .�'.:..._. :.:._ .. . :.. . .. its waii:.coUn.. Based:on:the.evidence:reviewed duri g:the+investigation,the sub�ecipient �a. .-.. . �' .. ....., Supports.- ,.. evidence evidence the. allegatioi.s�raised�in your:complaint of ' �FHWA:has�.cozicluded that :. .. . - t;-:.� co . ;of.:the°Investigative'Report is`enclosed ;The F.H'WA has outlined'a list of discriiniriaton.-� pY...: �:...::.....;: ..: ,.. OT must implement to°correct the def ciencies:found. You`will'be `reconuxiendatians'fhat:ihe� .:.::.:..... .r P � - . �.: . . later:date`:regarding`.the:actual implementation'oftie:r'ec'ommendations ' advised at�a.` -.... .. . . .:.., _... .. . . . . . :.-. :; engages other;:c} scrirriratory--conduct against . Anyone who mt�mzdates;:th��ateris,coerces,.or.� �n� ,g - . r�an �wrtriess:�because��:of:actions�.taketi to: secure-rights`.protected.��'by:ctv -ng ts'laws may . .. you- o :::. Y _.. .�:: -:�. �.. . .. .� . es'��ar-,Or to found in violation of these°Iavrs:.:A:riy indivzdual:who believ;or .A;diiizstration: Any . harassment or file-:a complaint with the�edera �..: .. ig way-.:.... . ��-crns ou�h • questions or conave regarding< the investigative process:and'yoi rrights can be : . .-..; Y:....:.:..�:... ... . . . . ':. . � • - . - discussed with the investigator,: ... . - t itrelease..this document and related Under the.Freedom°.:of;In:formation Act, a be: necessary,to ds ;In the.'event we.receive such`:a:request,we will. ::seek to protect . .:comes onderice-and.recor . P .. � ersonal ii fora ation Which,if-released,could Constitute'an.unwarranted:in rasion of privacy • _ Sincerely yours, :..'. s ' -i=.-/d- - Edward orris, '. :. . Director,.Office of Civil::Rights''; : ; nclosure : .:. • ..cc:Willie Harris Director HCR-WE,HHY. :. . • Prince:Jonah KuhiioDA . -1 • '"- • : U.S.Department : 40O seventh'$t.;:S.W. of Transportation • • • : :•. Washington '•0 C.:20590 • 'Federat: ighway .. • Adminis ration.. :.. : • : - .-.- : �. . . -. �- • .' - . .� .. . . ::Refer"xo`•�ICR..: . . . . - �� • _ . .' . • Ms:.$onnie.: . • • • • • . . •...- ''''• -''..:'•-... ..--i•'...• •••• ••':F•Ax...-• •--obvEk's• ii-tsitEr:,'.-- .• . . ' . .. • -• • . , ... - :: .:::.....,..-.:;,. -.., ..,...:. .. ... .. .. . . • -, <. . , ...From: Jonathan Young 'FIIVVA,Sawa i Division . . . • '..‘,..:',';i:.::•••,':,..':;-•''...::........1:. .•:-_-Fag;';-(808) 541-2704 '. :Phone:'•(808)=5.41-2700.x325 . • . Name 23.... -6 ,. - • • Ftz• •,• :.. . .....„9".4..7..pz• ® . • • :Organization • ' •. • . • • . Phone. • • Date:: .. • • . Pages;'lift.iu 4ti..g-this page: . Su•�i. •.- • ••'ect::• • . ... . ., . • • J.. .. • Comment$::: - • . • • ...... .. •• •-• .. .. . • • 1 , % • . • . . • . Mem:brand.. .• , . ,•,.... .• ..: . • U:S•'Departinent • Hawaii Division: • • . of Transportation -. Federal• Highway:. Box 5(}2C_fi : :. . :Honoliclu;:Hawaii. 96850 Administration • . Subject: Bonnie:Goodell-Executive:Order 12893 Complaint on rate:-:•Se�tember: .1999 : P 20, the Hawaii County.Long Range:TransportationPlan - .. keplyto From: Abraham Wong ' ' * � � . . Attn::of HDA-BI Division Administrator.... :`File:`-720.,. • . • • To Mr George Duffy• . ... .. Office of Civil-li ghts HCR:: • r .- Washington,-:D.c. - : • Attached Per Jonathan Young's phone conversation with::.'ou:are.p.`feces ..: Y . . .: - of correspondence relateto a complaint initiated in May.1998 Three documents. ..-. are attached a May 1199, , 1998letter from • Ms. Bonnie`Goodell to::mysel :oly response dated March 17, 1999��-arid-aiiatherietterfrom Ms:.Goodell • '�� - . :to::me:dated: � .� . May com'`:laint`� . . . �:Ms. �oodell's.' p j. ...,_:ri:�EXe- ve • . focuses�o cuff Order 12898 which:she..claims:is:not::being ser ed by. the State'�s Lona Range Trans ortation'Plan �:: . for.the`:County of• Hawaii(the.island,.not the State);''. :. - , . • . ... :. - . As you will.see:frm:tiie cniYes oidence this _.:-•::,:-`. ._;... . ::: :.:..,•.. , r ..P: .: , . office initially conferred w• ith Ms. Karen Piland:of the tl'en Region`Nine:O:fce of•Civil Rights: By`mutual.agreement the Division-: . ... .. . .... d by Ms. Goodell�as:'�a.;techucai' �Iaruuna.:.-roresponse :: .:. .. ._ ::..:.. .:::. :..::. ;ursued th e��issues-raise P,: p biem. ;Our response::ofltiIarch:;17, 1999.recommended that Ms, Goodei.;continue:to.work within the.planning:processes for;development:of the.0 date o ... . P�. p to the . � . Hawau:`County�:General;P1art':and.:- :... : .°�:. - . . general r the next. update.:. . . � of.the-Long Range Tra.:- nsportation Plan f • Courit • y:.•We.also:.iridicated:;:u-�tiat'lett-e .that: �.�::.: : encourage r we wo ld : a vaii D T::to.:work.-with-the Courit'•of.Hawaii to� � - � .. .. ... �:� :address.some plan ng and.. .. .. zn frig issues • Ms.' Goodell;responded ultl `:addtonaI�issues her le in� letter:of May:5 . ,: tter. .1999:`,:This:.:off-ice again' coriferred��vvitlt��IVIs.-:Pilaid:�hosua�este::-. : a,�.. :. ..:;:��.� ...::�: .'��:;,r:.... . . ...... . gg d bringing:Mr. Willie-:Harris:�into.�the discussion because of his • • pending transfer from:the:Region.1�0;O ce of Civil .......-: .:. . . .Rights to the WesteiziResource tenter..Mr .. arrIs.recentlydeterminedahat the situation should.be formall brought..o.';' .. .. :.:-.:�::;. . .... ..:. ..: rouht to yourattention atthis time Jonathan.Young'discus etl:;:this with you on:September::16 1999':ayou ''ou.:aareed that:this. • r. material should be forwarded to your office. If you need any additional information or have any questions, please feel free to call me at 541-2700, extension 312, or Jonathan Young at extension 325. • „k) • • Abraham Wong:-;:` • Attachments :..: • cc: Karen Paland(WRC)w%att • - • Willie Harris WRC) w/att • • Bonnie Goodell w/att :: ..<. : • Route:Slip. . - . • - ' ::Dist ibutio0..:••.•: •••• . - ,1)1:11' • • • • • •'..S.Department of .' . : ' . . . . . .. • -,..-.... •...-... .-...... ... ......-:.. •• ...:. .. • •-• -..:-.• : • • r'ransportation. To: Name. -. - .:Date:� �:�O�g/lRtg'Symbof• Dean •Nakagawa : . ' - ' , . . • . :.June.4;,...::.:19. 9 . .. .: .. .,STP.. . . • • • • :.:..D *• . .'.. :. :•...•- •• •.: • '• • • _• _PerYcur:Request.- • • - : /•:see• you got.a cop ...of.th;s..:May 5;::1999.,letter.fro n:Bonnie . _ or'Your Infor-matian .. • Grsodelll • 1:think-:that•a letter fror»:_°ou to Bonne would immerisel `Per Ou�'Converstiar► ..9.. ...-y._ ;..'..: :. .; y Note andReturri'.' . .. .: :. : . .>help ;the situation: 1l that ::-vrould need:to say.Is::.that:yo.0 [=ot Your Agiproval ::receive:d:a .copy::of FHWA Ys.letter t`o::her;:da:ted March 17;�:•1999 , Comment.. �'. � . •.• Appropriate • • • . .. ..... _� that::.ST.P will:work.wwith`.-:Hawaii:-:Coun:ty:_to:address.the.. . • Please Answer . -r do ecom• menda. �ns�:rr>'atfe��by.�Fl�1IVA in t�iat: ett o srder Prepare'•Replyfar Signature Of :: :::;.. •. ; • • -'.:h:er:concerns. Ori.rt:coulde..b-e a 'letter-fo'..use .responding.to:my ., •.. March 1••7 letter,:.and %would;foriii and::tha: `';to Bonnie.rn response ti •• •. ..... ... ..".'fir e `•May:.5_.letter• .,You.:'ard I::discus:sed the::content::of my. .March • • • .1'7:letter.-before I finalize;4•'.....t to ennui TP:could live :with our •. • • : :: ....• .-.-.4-...-:: :i :think:just:a s port letter from:HDO T.to the. • • . :. • :effect that you •wi/f:zivork .017: the:re`crrrendatoris': ould.go. o a long • .• ' w• •a`•y •tovvar•d•s•..helping Bonnie'be::. .atien-t an:d_:be::.wa iilin�.� :•to .:work ::: P g .'throlugh.:•the system. i t+�l ,:.c1o:,you°tfi nk'?:`.;.Thanks!: • From: rom Name • •• '....:•••:••::.::"'........,: Telephone Org/Rtg Symbol Jonathan Young, Tran.sporta:tiori.:.Planner • ' . • .:/8081.54.1:-2700:x32:5 HPR�HI. FHWA.Ha:waii:Division. .:-• oFm DOT F 1320:4.Rev.5=8.1 Su ersedes All Previous Ethtions • ' . :: CEIVED . Sustainability committee, :• .P;O.:Box 6. . : . . . Volcano;Hawai'i 9:6785 • • 'May:5, 1999 : IStON • � .'-Mr. Abraham.Wong • . .. - - � - •. . . . :Federal Highway:Admninistration • : 20.6 .. : .: . . x:50 Honolulu,Hawn 'i;9 850: • • : • . . . ' • RE: Response to=HDA=�I 3/17/9.9.'(Response to E:O: 12 95.:Complaint) : Dear Mr.Won ' • Thank you fore your :1.7. :1`999 response to our.Environmental:Justice:• xecutive Order " Y . . � . P .. . .: ... .. � . • 1.289,8):-Complaint::of_May:':19;-1998.°-We would::like soirie:clarificat on o=the De�:artment's role . in the provision of Environmental Justice for:Long Range`Transportation.Plans-atid`a response to • qur request for immediate;corrective action. - . . . • In our:letter,you:•stated;that'"The FHWA does'•not have.:an. :approval action on..Statewide . transportation plans;:nor-one:# individual data items:feeding.teh :plan o:r its.model,however,we• • Will be working`closely.wthIDOT::.:" .•' : _ - h-• n a.le•'to, . We ave bee un b iecorieile this With:the De- rtm- -�:-� f.Tr`��- :� (DOT) .�-�� ��. w1 a en o" :`-ionr :t rtatOder- o - - .P. t o ansp. it n- .:. -rtal.ustic`e:`in Minority Populations arzd,L°oar`Income Populations",.F;ederal . - •Address Envvranrriental.�J Registers.Document:.April:.15;:1:997:(Volume 62,N mber-.72). :':`' ' : : Accordingto that:Order,Section4:a.:: "It:is.the policyof:DOT::topromote•the piri lci les of . environmental 'ustice.as::embodied 841.the Executive Order: throu h.inco,. oration_of those • � ad• activtes:. Thivlll edoe: yfconsderingrin • environmental sticeprinc ples.thr-oughout planning and;dec:ision-mal ng:processes in the: • develop ment.of p::rog:ams : olicies and activities,usin .the-_ rixlci :les fof-the lIat onal P . P .� .:; gyp.. g . P P Environmental Polic �:Act,.(NEPA .Title VI:of the Rights Act of1964 :Titre;VI' the . . ......... Uluform:Relocation Assis .rice and Real l ro. e Ac u s tion Policies Act,sof 1970,:as-:amended (uR : '. •the���'ntern��• ciao-�_�,:-..-. ..,..:;-:.:.and ..'.: ..:: ,�.::::.: ::::-:.:.�.: ....:�.::::-.:.::� -..:;': ':..:....;. :;•.....::�.� . :.• :. ;� : :�.• . __, o- .Surface Trans ortation Efficient Act of 1.991 ISTEA and other.DOT • statutes,:reg latioi s:and: uidance'that::address or: :affect:infrastructure lannm ;..:decision-makin� : P g social;econom1c-or'environmental matters,public.health•::and.: ubliOnvolvement: ' • . According to::the�Iritroduction'of the Hawaii.Long Range Traits .ortatoPlan:( RTP)�(May P • • •.1998),page ""T.40.4fIRVI utilized ui:developing:a=Staten deTrai sportation:.Plari-that . • fulfills'thhe requirements:of the Inter. iodal.Surface Trans`ortatiolnEfficiencyAct(ISTEA)'of• . 199I: . It a:. ears to .:.that this= TP'is subject to the Order,being.air integral art of;tans ortation planning and:decision:making.for:ISTEA, as the basis.:for`.fn:•nciai assistance.provided by DOT. • Sustainability'Conmmittee:re:: esp Ronse to HHIDA -letter of:$/17199. Mo4t�; l p. 2 • Further;•.In 4 b:;:DOT`:is ireeted to "collect;niaiiitain°:ani analyze;:information on.the race:color, • . nationalorigin,and income:level of�,ersons adversely affected b DOT ro` arras olicies and p y: .. y p "fir p .activities and use such information in complying with this o.rder." We.believe we:have provided• PYA suc :i oima�lon ..am l _°from_state;.local and.communit• y sources:as.to• the number,growth rate andincoim-e::characteristics:of the'°..o elation that.we•contend is.:adversely th •at.Wd• ..:.y the.ISTEA pl tlning process°embodied iri the.HLRTP. WO:horse found.nio dispute overthe fact that:this • population sthe most-:socio-econornically. economically.disadvantaged population:in tie State 'of Hawaii;..and:that the H1 RTP failed o.recognize:their numbers,::income level: towth rate land • • •• • Ilse s• -where'this o• .:ula•ti• on;i•s•:located,ortheir;eco•nomic need•s:: .:Pout':•'espouse-acknowled-es • . these:s, ortcoming:an.:ou iii es.possiole:corrective niers:uses:":We tha l Biu:for that. Yet'we have received;no commitmei t from• :either:FIDOT or the County.of Hawaii that these corrections will.take<place,in any:plan,:at am time. - . . ... ..:.... ... : : . : S.li:states 4j..s 's policy to`.ac ely administer-and.monitor its o :erasion and decision in ing•:toassure at nozidiscriniriation i.0 an integral:'orf:of its prograns;�.polcies and 0.-t-q it • ��,acti�nties.�., , ese re: i�iTeinents=�w�ll.he-aci�n�iusterecl.:sQ:as'�o`:�dent��y��::early`=n,teof the:program,..policy or Activit �the risk of disci urination"so that`=:ositive:corrective°action taken.: rip emening teseegu�remeritseg ` b-e otarned.where • relevant,:a ra0iaeadraccl:.--Po ulationsrvdan /or..affctedbYac ;;color :oi�:riational . • - P �ricorrie��Ie�el� ::;;'-'�.:.We:hav�e :rovided tills��forinatian'-.:and` elcome verificato- .:• . . n• . . � . �. -: - :-:--- -: : . • • - - . . . You suggesthat;ourProPer: venue'of ursit to provzde inputoe CoutyGene ra-� l Plan. . .: . at review nticipation._:o legin after hnsGenerallai pval. This wouldse•em;�to.imp y:_....at:the reneral-:Planis;3:ndeed the:only: alt so .rce;of:larid•-use :It:_.. . n: was my[tinderstandin ;.rased vn instruction al:.thon e 'I'� '.'eoordina`tiri .:Trans �ortation:::and4 Land oi: ... ... Po. erten .0 .:(, ded:. � eattte�A rl�`29��IV.Ia �1� ��1998: .at in'•; o ng transportation/land.:use':model ri `ihe valid source-is'whatever r vi c,.u �... g p.o des accrate ormation:;about.the anal land use: whether.:it:i _ or..acfual��use• `�studie Therefore : -we" :elieve..-it,is inappropriate'(and:contrary-to the Departmento ;Trans:,ortation Order:to Address En. u'onriental Justice-� n�IViinozrty:Populafions��°arid�,ovv Iricorie:Po:�. pulatons") • to allow•HDOT to.:deterihe.required::land:use and socio-econorriic.:n u to.an:e istin demonstral ly discriminato ry; yr future_(potentiallyii3adeqease°• . Since the last:.OP:•reviewtook:�over five. ears to colli .lete,.:a nd t `'- ln :` . .:...:.....:...: : :,. �:..,:.�..,.;::..:•.:. .:..� .�':::�;:..:: :.,.: ..� P:-;.�:"r�: �:���:.::he.:model�g,for.•thelastHL• RTP was based on:data,provided tri: 992-3 the Sustainability:Conn ittee-requests tile:followin • actions to:'.correct for discrimination"iii:the 114 P.• : . '';f - ,: : . :.` : : Immediate commenceirient offthe•HLRTP review w voce -p,.::.,-:..s, i;•�tb��a:process;�aridturie�lhie��.�::.�: :,evelope.-..with the..active:participation.0f;representativs>of this Sustainabil :Committee:and an • environmental:just.ce:officer;.to:specifically.redress file:d seri at ort:.in;the`.Iast'� -ILRTP. . Active:momtoring:of the.HLRTP:review.process far compl aiice;::at e ie ;Ste inthe' "rocess with:the requirements_; f on-discrimination;by:�a:.mutually-agreed:i on E vironmental:fustic advocate from the.:DOT.San Francisco:Resource Center or:an vironmental ustice:Officer from:the.EPA:: - .. . ... Sustainability Conmmittee`re:.:Response to.HDA-HI letter.of 5117/99.. May 5,..:1999, :-. ..:p. 3 - Mahalo;for your:attentid :, ' : - . : ' . - : • : • • '''.-- /(:/•0:64 . . ' - L__J4;i'l . ' - . ' — ss'- • . , Bonnie Goodell planner . �p• •:John L:uchau:.and Roger:Evaiss,.:Hawaiian Paradise:Pa•rk,.: ' Jon Olson Puna Community Council.:: • .• - . : -• ' . Ron Reilly,Davidt.Skai fe-and:Keith,Wallis'•Mayoral Advisory,:Com ittee:Bice cle and. . ' Pedestrian•SafetyPeoples Advocacy-.for:TrailslHa ai'i'':.: • . •' Bev Byouk,Ocean::View-.: CC: Karen Piland:>USDOT•'Resource'Center,.San Francisco. •• • . Running:Grass:•Environmental;Justice'Of cer,EP.A •-• :._: •:- - • Lloyd Van e•Car-,-�attoi ey - -. . Dean Na awa `Pericles Manthos,-Doug-Mellor,StatefDepartrnent:of. • .Transportation - •. ' 'Stanley Tamura,`.-D s .ct Engineer,HDOT: ' , ' . Virginia`GoldsteinCouity:Planning-•Director - • . - . -- - • . -- t.. Lv • • --,:;�- ,.. -,::•. •• - -• :--U.S.:DEPARTMENT•:4'F.TRANSPORTATION---,:. . - . • • . ,, '.: .. • • -•. FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTR•ATION - :o .:.• .--• - •• • • -Hawaii.Divisioii - .. . - - .• - •• ..�()0 oana.�vd•.,:3t.m.�=306 . ,. Ala 11�• I . s'r, s aF r : - :• •Honolulu;:HI 96850- . ..- : - . . ' - . '• .• . March 17,•1999 . •-. • : ` : N,REPLY:.REFER TO- . •. . • .. . . .. . . • .. • • . . - -••HDA-'HI • • . Ms. Bonnie Goodell: : -. : . . -•.. . . . _ . - . . . Sustainabil : Coinmittee` - . : ... ..:. ,...,.•,., E. .....:C.O,P. .Y.. . •- tY: ..' • .....,.. F„I•.L. :..:.... . -. .. - :P::O,.Box 6 _ . :• Volcano;HI 96785• • •. •:-: : . • •Dear Ms. Goodell:.. • . - - •• We :. -• • ,':for:taking.:so:lon to•respond,to your letter,•of•May 19 �,1:998 pertaining.to our-Executive Order-12.89,8":coni- laint:re ar.:din• the�Hawaii',•_Log=Range Tra%s�'ortation:Man • . y.. • RTP:• ,:....4.•-you miigh4-reca the-:letter-:•was forwarded.`to'<the F W; 's:R .gion Nine.O: ce of Civillights ,After::discussions`�;with Ms:-Karen_Pilandofthat of.ce::we a reed that.the issue was • .of,a technical-planning•: ature.°and•would be.-evaluated-:b` our:own-.stal.T:.:At that time-we'-were awaitin :transfer Of,:a=new•:tr."ansportation planner tothe'.ofice.-.-*:', onathanYoung:•has:since - ••• arrived,and researchedeth:e issues:you•,r•aised -•This.:l• etter confirms•the;,respons•e:that• Jonathan • .discussed:witl -you;on ahe�;phone:on,March`-15,;: 999.... ' - , . ,,. -• • • . . • • -- • . : As.•you know, the Hawaii.:Coun 3" General�:Plan- 7 ;date is underwa:� now.:.The:update ', ._� .tY .. P y p process:is open:to.t•he::pub•l•ic: •an•d Mr.•Norm•an_;Hayasiii-�:of:th•e Have aii CouEnty'`Planning • . Department-_ci nt:inues:to welcome your.inp•ut.and...partic•i•p•ation•.in;.t e;.process. •We understand that you-have met.with him to`present our:•concerns:ab•out.recti ing `•what-;youth nk is the:- actual-_o��ulation_of Ka u and.Puna in,the General'Pl?an,-.:From,•our:: • • • Sustainability Committee:Executive.Order 12898 Complaint for Draft Final Hawaii Long-Range Transportation Plan 5/19198 • =.:p.2 We submit that this Draft Final HRLTP.is an.clear illustration,by negative example,of the nexus between equal treatment and stista nab.ility: We attach a background°:briefing.on the history of.the . discriminator •environment of these substandard subdivisions to°.as:sist you in Understanding-the context of this complaint. We-ask that no":7J',ro1'ects contained in this HRLTP be allowed to.proceed until:this civil rights violation is:remedied: We;w41:•be.hap13y.to provide the:particulars.of land use,:population data, . • and planning irregularities to:assist in your investigation: • Mahalo for your attention: • Bonnie Goodell,planner:: • John Luchau and Roger Evan_s,.Hawaiian Paradise Park •Jon Olson,Puna Community Council Ron Reilly,David Skaife and Keith Wallis,Mayoral Advisory Committee Bicycle'and Pedestrian.Safety,Peoples Advocacy for Trails Hawaii Bev ByoukOceanViet . . (concurrence via email or fax review) . •Sustainability Committee, PO..:":B.ox 6, Volcano, Hawvai'i .9:678 .. .- • ' • - . • Back.gr.oun:d-.amid.:,advocacy':infort`natio:n regarding•-substatdar`d-subdivisions on • - • Hawaii .Island;.-with..exa.mpl°es-of broad discriminatory-:'effe:cts.. . Summary Problem:-.Sta'tement •. . - • • •: • The substandard':subdivisions,of,Hawaii Island,. ••whose',W,:000.:parcels make.up•fully''wo- :thirds'of,the::parcels:°on`Ha`Vaii.Island.;,'have"been, design :denied access''to=basic infrastr :::.. .by . x _. • cture • and services for forty:years;,.whi e cot tinuouslyproviding taxes"-,that:.subsidize add tional`services b, '• to .erxisting, already-served, higher-ineorxie communities In ;1998:, .these.•.subdivisions are . approximately.15%-20%,o'ccup ed,.with::apopulation:det*ined:by:_the: :tate Pe ar:tment of Health-to be'.the:m:ost:socio-economically:disadvantaged:yin the.state,":approximate_y 5•0%•: htive . • .Hawaiian. ,Yet they continue to;provide far more tax;revenue_:to`the::County';of Hawaii:than:tthey • • receive back in..services;:and'�they continue to be. systematically:excluded.':from.-•.,rograms`and . • . -benefits:,,including federal;programs:: :: .•- - • . .. . : . ' Political,:G:eographic-`and :Demograph'ic .Backround : - - The::80 .h ;000+buildableornesites..iin`the-substandard subdivisions are•:almost:-a11..in the'Tuna and.Ka'u.districts:: The iots:`range in°size frorml 1/5'acre to 3:"acresu- 'ithmost:,Subdivisions:havin0- uniform.lots";sizes:.- •.They were,permitted between•1955'::and :19'73•, .with'=the:rationale:;that:they would-":give•the-little guy.;-a ch-anlce"to..own-.land in 3awaii;,.where•most`land is-heldb.•a-few:large -• -landowners: .(See,Chapter.:8:c Havvaii •Subdividing.Lava Fields, :in•Land and'Po'wer::in Hawaii - by George,.::Cooper:arid•`-Gav01-0.aws:). • .f. _ .:::-.:::..±. . .: •Subdivision•.approvals.were conditioned on developmei t:of.roads to Count .:'standards•and . dedication... However:the""County':did not enforce,° and•.:-the.'soilution•' eras•_belated, haphazard . .•• :corporations.of.:-To.t.:owners.::as;:-_owners'-:of.'�the•substandard:roadwa:-s=. i-. 1.908:."-.an::�overha�'` . • •County.�road•:dedication.-standards vas:•-designed.to prevent•;these•subdivisions::from being able•to • . • dedicate:theirroads..(by,-setting-.a:50-foot:uiiniinuzn:ROW,.when•:..S. ivrision'.'roads;are'30-40 ifeet. . . wide.) :..County.policy.has;,been:.consistent in,its.=defense:against providing almost all Coi�nnty • .• services,"to-these•subdivisions Taxes from the vacant lots have::regularly contributed 15-20%.of . - :the County',..s tax.;base::for;fortyyear's,'with virtually"no.re nvestment -::.: -::: - : - . : • : :Since •about•:1.;9.85 tl ere�has:.been a:.change in-.;the:.:.: '`ical:in-miarant ;from oldpeople .. more likely to•-be:from;the.rmainland and"hippies,'to`young,,loc4i'fami ies`ft.OtiOahu Although the.Census foundonly4out`:;20%:of.the population to•be Hawaiii:aii:.th =Depthtmento f H alth: . • estimates that.:abooriut half of:the people:moving•in.:die-.part-Hawaiian .These-areas.now;have the Largest:conc;entrat :of part= awai ans"in the:state., DOH:statistics`also`indicate that these Hawaiian fan'lilies have:a.bi thlto'deathratio'of 6.:-to 1, more:than-three:,times-:the ratio of h n -art.Y�tlier • et c rgroup.. e Big: Bland:.has•.the:highest:level.-of�teen.:pregnancy..and low birthweight babies . in the-state; these,statistics are heavily-Weighted;by the�residents.:of:these,'subd visions. . • • - Theo population.is-.:younger:than.the:rest'of,the state,or:°tie:;island.• .:Virtually::al�� the -. subdivision children must`be;bused, commonly about.a n:hour�.each way.to overcrowded Bch �"ols, and many.cannot;partic pate in after:.school.activities because:.of-lack ostat..s Ortatiar:.:IThe-siate-. run schools'.are the:state'.s;worst;:-largely because.of this rapid growth of..low=income in- l..•ts - • •• with:insu_-fici'ent, distant;';too-la4e...schools. .. Total:.population is' now a"- roach-inlx'30,000.., Typically,:house..counts:-show'the-:numbers doublirig,eve:: five.to:'ei ht;:..ears:: -::`, .. : , • . -Families continue.to-arrive seekin '.to:own-their, own homes,In:spite of 11ei.poor:economic nos ects- 'The re . p p .• . : : .: : : :'• - suit:zs� 7�dlo:,•home•,ownership:•:`coupleel;ivth.'�75%'�'of::=the:::chldreri:receiirin. g su sidize.. :schoo ..Wii•hes:-.';:In 19:990, -the:medium income•for-these Census Tracts was'.•;$22,000, - compared with:$34;000:for the;S.tate. In the 1995`'Priniarv:Care •Nee�ds�Assessment :by..the Hawaii epartment..o:ii .o.Ttti:found:Puna and:Ka'u to be the most socio=eco i.ori ica}ly at-risk in the•-State,•• • • n:spite of this;.-these'.subdivisiols have received virtually no spending:for:schools:.paprks, Sustainability:•'.Committee ,_Box. -6,. .Vo.lcano '••'Hawai'.i..-::967$5. • . ' Title'W.Background::Hawaii::Island • • • • • - . . • • .. police::and fire':s.tations',water;or_`sewer development,'or_transportation rimprovements,'from-the County, the State, or:.the•Federal government,while funding:for tlies.e programs:has,_continued to `flow to others more well-:off:Hawa'ii Island communities; • • • • • •• Roof catchment,:;Is_;the only water-sou•rce. :During.drough'lts-there' s' no'water`available'for • . • - •-•- fire-��rotectiOri:°_Many;fam lies::runout,of water:so:;there•is•:risk:•:offailure';Of.§anitation.;::and:of,the' •-. 'epidemic..risks.•associated.with:a.:failure,of sanitation`. The.,:'lack o'•f.•::-approved:waters • .systems • - revents,:businesses from o eratin legally, so:'many.of':there o irate.illegall�.�:out :of::their .. . ... .. . residences.. .Therefore;:.busines:ses are unwilling:to. invest.:or, h re er iployees..:...*-onomic ' ' • -: :development.is:stifled.: .gricultural produictio•n is often:.destroyed•by droughty : . :-.•• : :.• • • Barriers.-and 'Catch-22s-•;:s. :. • : • • • • - • , Local..-olitical.'ba niers:to,;;_uai•_treatmen t.for.tese subdivisio s;come•.from two::.sourcs: ' , .. . • - If treated.equally ::these°*su .divisions.would •ndeed•represent.a real"opportunity.for:.the_:-.little • - guy" .in.',HaWaii,:.for;:land:;ow.nership, ••business'ownership;=and econ.ou ic:.:democracy;they are • . therefore a competitive threat:to: • • ' • • • • • _ ., �►. • . • • • 1�3f8fi . 2 .e "/h. -..!9' ..:::i13.131.• .flN OHcl. . .. 8,9;44. .. �:r. - ,,., ,..3N� /f. /a. .... ... ..71/ - -:-..---- +••• ... .. . ... -, ti ,:. .... • - - .......----• , :' ;,, • ... .- . -_.- �o • ; :- :.: - . ' - • - : . - . - ;•: .. ..-- .-. - .-. ..E.cy-F.:t . .. . ..,• . . .kI3iN3�. • • • • - .:-. .: • • •., ..t/c .. F '• .: . .. ;,114044, :.- =.1111 ? 4 :.. 33onoS3i3-:NO3 S3M . • . s o it.r6:F11,14:9.. k.1104-..:DO..S • €icNL;lZ�::a�n4S� �'LaNla3NSi�tirs�s3Wa''� °Z . No•ito 1NI1N.tti.AvIV.ti461N:° .4Q34 •:,� Motl�� d1S :: :.} . . • . . .:AO-1.,igitAinN•• - -. . 4/p. ltlt7 • 1 . be: . - Rather than .:serid::;::a: fcAma-1 memo,: since- the ::situation.-.in• Hawaii. - • seems so: riult -faceted, I-:thought I,_:would.:-'send sa.:mord:' . conversational note. ::. _:F.oll.owwing •.our ...d4.:•s:cuss ..on• rega.rdng..•:t:he , concerns :'exprsed;'by •,Nis.: •:Bonn'ie: Goodel:l.., a member`.of. the ..Hawaii . •. Cit_l enS:' ..Mdvisorer Com mit t.ee (CAC-) -I wanted.,:t:o' :.go:rover' the material .; he:_:had,.submitted,:iii more depth: ta,.•:-ensure::::ti�re:.:didn'.t:• - . : overlook ;;anything.:.• :I:':.;also:'.wanted..•to ,review..-xn.forat-i:on,'on.;"Title VI and 'Env-ironme i.tal Justice ,prow sions<: Iri ddi:t=ion,• in reading ' (')�irer the=cor:respond.ence, submitted by Ms':: .,oodel'i:;•:..=.I,: c'amrme:':across.a LitiZitHc.LV°.LSVLyL7.UU i'LL xlJ rI 1 .L. waiLlvu ''try . .t..1 .vJV J. . P..&4- • rrater.ial she -had- submitted in .more depth. to.:ensure we didn1 t . -.• Overlook.• anythin...: '.....t,•-a160:. .... ,. .also want• ed -..o re T.iew`..innfarmat...on• on .:.T.ti_ e • . 4TI:.:land:•Env-i-ronmental •.,) -er:provisions .:In'..add•it-ion,• Att..reading ower. t.he-:corresp.ondence‘..submitted by: -,Tu.. .G000del1l-• ':'T•-::came-:-across a . . - • reference to -•he.r_•.h'aving discussed- Title;•DTZ "arid.',, nviro mexnt:al • Justice :options w :th-'Barba-ra •Braswell., :so� :I'. t e'f:ini•tely:wanted .to • - • get-.input • i -Barbara ion ghat..regard: prior...'`tp.sending ,a;... • • • - z' sponse.: ,t. wa_s::able.:-::to .reach Barbara.:..earlio*t:,; is-' meek..-and•- he expres-s.ed:::agreement t:hat i.t. !Would..be .premature :-::at :thi._s. time.,: .to .• . . become.. involved:.'through• a -,f�ormal:ized ••cotinp ,ant :proces-s:. •• •• . . As• a brief background, ..the..isut.O • express.ed; :bar;:Ms_;.:. Goodell. . ..: . :.,.:... :..•t. i-n..t. e.._distribut .on-:.Of . pr�.mar�:ly involve ensuring equ�. .Y . . . h • : . . . ....:.::.. . .. : : . transport:at:ion.yservices . :funds,. and economii c -. n f rastruc,ture- .. thr �O.0 hoiit..':t:he: •!0,o'0.4-1'/... ...of.. Hawaii. 'to...,incl:ltde the ::subst anda ' • .• subdivisions: -•$:11:•••':,61-ie : una District. -• Reportedly,', •460.0,:••••0t..0.6, committee:..member;s.-bel i:eve°..that the• ..• . .. • . lann.in .� rovisio:n :of servic•es-.and f•aci,l`ities',';:: and.•;':,:ec.onorcii .::: infrastructure ::which:: shoul:d.:be':•going ••t•o":the:.subd.i.visions •are'; - . 'instead.,:._b`eing direc.ted to'-•:the•_future. .`developments' -of°:''large - - - . landowners.. • There::_.i.s:.'-also. the••conteritioin-:th'a:t.;;-•'0i,4..; ie.�:•County°•.cif ..-Hawaii':.consistently. .has: used.:..inaccurate:i:cur`rerit :and.-,:pr _ ectad • . •• poptilatiori:.:e`stimatesL-and..::zoning•: n.format:i.ori: -(;: °e..g,:-.':actual . . o: ul'ation-.:figure-s.::are._.,much. higher. than:-:report...e:d::,: and_.:.:thousarids.:. population of., parcels :,are:.being::.categorizet ..•as.=.agr.icul:tura1. when t:hey''. •• -: . ' actually hav•e.-Lur ian...;.use,.) . .in..order-.-:to:.•.j'l stif•. r: e.if: subdivi:signs. throughout.::the;:County which 'has :,been.:inter rated:- into:::;tie Hawaii • • .• -Genera.:-...Pl:ari ;and;::sutasequently•.:unto-- the,,•`�Hawai� `'.Long:.. ange ::. .: . n Transportation`:Plan.:- {: RT.P). ..The':-. 32T'P i. :-:the documnt e , used •'i . various ,pl:anri i g.,.:ana•lys:es. .for.:'the ap rov�a1- :and:.:_cons€ruction'.of . . • new services".:and::`fac.il:ities throughout:.:•the -count"i:es'..`:: -Ms':,-.Goodell-•;has...re-_ ested the assistan.Ce- :from -the':`:FHWA• ill an attempt.:'to-rasa-lve; -these-:.matte:rs ':a:s:.:.the•: tt t cot tees;'.`•concerne' s. hav • seemingly been'.ignored.' ;over:..a considerable:p.e.ri2od .o.:f •.:_t.ime. . She- ` . • has forwarded.-..a°_�large- number •',of::•documents::...forc. a, background-°.;:review . . -includi'kg;:tie January..:19.98 :Draft ::Final.- Reporof..:.:tie.: "Iawai.i -:.Long - . ' --star : e:..Land Transportation; Plan; the:.Pura` Comrnuniity':=Development. . Plan, Technical : f erence.• Report.; the., Genet.:4..'P.lari:::for Hawaii . li - ::_Larid.'Use, :at binder:::of::.-corresp ondeiice:`.::relat•ing -tc� , .. • .. . .. County. -� . .,• .... ... ... .. � :..-. ,. . .P . •....... ...-�.. . - � ... transportation :arid:`1:arid:..use issues, e.te: .;:. :.:.:` .. . . . - A :review of the.:: do.cument• 's.:.�i.:nd:icated::a sys:tematdc..::,process was .. . .designed".._tar'p.repare:"..:an :.island:=wide: ii RTP.:conforming:::to -ZS.TEA •provis-ions.:;an"d;.::•:-.to iriclu:de..,:Land wise-•an..d:.,. 3.eve. �opmei t p :tterns - . • :projected.`::to:`the:�:yer •2 .2.0,. :a •d ' : is :_ .t•.:capital •••projects •which- ; : ; a0 . naft - ::. • . • • • 2 . could. :be advanced.; in.:the State: . ot214.*7- 5 ! ': .;d • • • • • 11#•.*10i1j4r...CO. i : P ..00:3e4.::. •. : fratq0iz. . - : .. 4.i,46:141.•,..iiiir...1-94:: 'sii•::•• . . -- • • 1- • - .--.• • ::•* ••••••• .• ..-: 1:'-:•:•••• ••*. • . • •••'••• •••••': '. • ' • • • - .• , - ,./: -• - . • ' . . .-61.4.-- ••••44- - - • • • .. ••• • •-,••• - „ ... . ... ..., . _ ... , . - • . :.:4,..*.F.Fliaii4.:,;,..0428-,giirid Titio kq-cizipi*Iiib.1 .4i.iiiiiit't*. i.iii:oiiijsitlit,--1,1td '•':. : . ( L : ': 0 c �tii :a `..•: :. t o a'mein -0f `u sn b t : ins " ktse5szixi swig .•.. -gig R$ .r 0. our a Y • i.k.c.t. . ..foryatir,,!•!..:i•;:if,-. •....• . . • • • • • • . Rote Ivea uoL""44?':iIi ii; 'it - - 1 r Plug oø".'''• ' ras - :r-r-.•— W - Bainle GoodellV0)0-074776 . 01x419$ ' :c-i-i:NAM-- f 2# • • uo.ainil ii�icyi Co ninth = • . • • • .C. � s> ',, . V o*t .Hilwai.':t 00785 ' . • . • - •" ' ' .. . - - - N ,: b`00i:'Y4i • �" • _ : - . - " • •:-1dttHighway 2ini trtt#p • • • ....• •-.• • - ' • . . • • • • • • ' -. , • .U,o ta1414:U 441-.9: 8$0••. . , •• 1 E vi` ±r1 eouti' O 2 9 td.Title IVI z pi nts kr401 Raw�tt Lo sg k Latid ..• P1 . - TP: .n f1 -.. 4. tntW .' :: . • =s3?at1's', ;ft r e“ltz•.r • a nt y:ii'hest-as-�a ui r..ofthe u tamabx1i • . . . -• : . . 4i3ns�Gddtl . C t mit in our-T tle V - cfot n..*O entg1' `i 00..V. mplaint nui.goy-11...i195 ;.:8 tgam t:_t May 1 $iiawa`si g Rang La id' of ation Parr: ' .. •.... • . I46yd•V :rtoar-sh ah s rVV a:ot , n yt d,itt,• 11 .•p c$g•. .. - - . ned + . • • •'• • alc;£r:y ig:.it tion. .. ' • • •. . -• wisixtno Goode- : ti3 tool/vi .'.--. 4...11: .. .0 t2 • t1 • ::Ea r: :- P. i nd T T p _ F. :1'F;: i v0.0 tati c"- Bo nzg°<160040104 e t: - tt s tof thy:: mitt our Title ` 0.*iv taitisl: tr. -= - 41 - . ag t.tdheMiy:I 8 w iJi atig LendT ..,I *..,. l:a- ' `' . • iL iyd V n s -.. • 14-01 sews i era:. needed,. `# i ,• cats.: . • . - - • j • • • • • • . • Land Use.Misrepresentation for the ' . ' •. : • •• • ... PPurpose of Income. dRacial r Rise to i tion •• ...' .-on.Hawaii Islan � ---..-- . : . : . 2of • :' :.: .2'. Puna.Existi eelapet:l?.iltsyasmg' ..... . ' • 'in Lana is.the location> :55 000 :. " .. oi' o tlae$O,UaQ;parc�is • :: . • • subdivisions:oa=tke:Bigi`and: • • • • , Puna'is:larger titan the`island of Oaliu. ; . . ;\.;•• '....: . • - `. • ,IIl. • i - • • .. • -' • • .. .. .•r;�'�•;:.�.'.,E; ;- ji=k'�"• . • • . . .. ..•• .-- ..';•••••••••••:.....::;.•':.'..*:.: 4.!.,140,,v,-.I., ...r,'/¢ _ "2f.-:.:1•,f„„4:414,•• J ?,{ c• '�1,4t#'�i:r'�`.���1.. V :sr�Tv�gr' ' )Y, •Vii�'tior" 7.,, - . . : .� - • `:i,?.-„•r:.'„.,„„..z.,-.,,,...t )) Y _ i. b .:i.,4-4),I415-,';'.` • �y v S,� aY' :•••••••.'1: :,•,'•••',...,4'411-41•:411: �.{4� 4l, 0:••:',•:6•4••••:;e . :7c• _), '-, . c,- l ss. • • .. ..,.... -.. �, � ... ..-.,'. ,.•.- - '- 77..,'-17,1t.-...,...• is� a • . . � �• .��.`i�.1�itE�C�.-: �a�:. Olisl��, s����� �r9sv.•K��v;'.,�� .� , - :; subdi sided`:iuilwn ei its•On demand ......s.:,....,.••••• ,F'-� . ' 2. l'ose er aer ' . ,; ,: . �.�2;'hous°es- �er=:acre w: ' . 1 houses et-two acres:'.., a•K .,:: , • . - . . .. .�...s.„....,.. r ,:;,. .. ' :. 1-21: ouses:per.three acres: . . ate: _ : • iy ...54.#1, `2,w'4'i')5.Y'SxT",14',N'. . Bonnie Goodell `; • i • •....- . ... . ' :• . . • c uld ou.:;:.(1=)i fo tal :y discuss ;wit i.:`HDOT manag:emen tie :4;:s: iie of..'.severa?l�..re ort:s:.:`.a:nd.:;:al:legat:i.ons:,al ludx ng,...t.•---,...4#0.:. 0-.4±:,p. : ,--. :.. . . -,- ..o"ulation. :es:t .imates` ;be'in used to for ru1.ateproposls, -:and=•:- a-..d:,'.ti.4':::•-trans crtat• ofi:*.plannin•. -, ' stress-. the dec�.s :oris::re ard�.n p ,. . nitudde`.:.of:•.thhe matter': and :urge. -HDOT1:::•to;:look:,:•i.nto•':,the`_.,situa ion-, . rnag int.iate :`:. low=. ..::3::) 'su est.:•`: OT•:.may ••want .,.>to •:....4 - � •�as soon��.as . �ssbl_��,�_:,.:.•: :'.. .:: 53_• . kee�- -approach,:-of mentioning ..report, •.all.egat ons'.::and`:.crit-ic,i. a • d - ..County Plannin r•D.e ardent . . - and•'of;��er�ng;.t:o- ;ass:i-st,: the .�:`;: . p�- •••:•, - .•..e•va�luat�:n �:,::t�:e.:,.c�.t�xent:;._crza•eria.;..:.:.pr.oces0.��art,::��.met,.-o.....o :og..:.:...,:.0.t.• • . One :nia.',or`:::; 5 roblem i`s•.•:that -:HDOT has been.::informed4,:many .t .me- -:. . . .these .:a .•le ea;40a':;;errors,, and. to .:date •:.no.<-::a',ct: :on had`;::been..`t-ken . -•••:. •• :. e .. es...onse: '.:has;.,:'been;_•that.:• t-hey..r:..ce: e•:thc•-:• rnf:or0.0:-. :: :n':.f ro •:•..•the • the re. p - ... . ...... .::.... .: . . t. . :; -••.:I.f•.: .:they :•k iow .ngly are :.aware.::t is .,_the; of ormat` on i-.s ••coffin y.) . ..,. . ... . �. . . .. .. ., . .. vie:we.d:'.as:.:f.aul:ty:;.arid::_.c.ont.inu.e:to-;:.refuse requ.ests•--.t.o`:_address'..this there:.`.:coul•d._then':b:e':•.a•.'need for F',ederal: :subst.�:ntive.:.:�:�ssue, • , ... ...� . � ,� • • ige :tion, ntion:::) ;I,f;-;:the' .;State.:i,.s. iri_;::agreemerit'..w th.:the;.:,su • • : .'_:, . . ' 'e-=`'could be':irinf=.ornied:••.=- .hat. t:ho-.e`: - -•the'.Cit� ��zeris: ::Adv�:sc�-ry•�=Comrn�t:te. . :. .:. . ....:� .: ...:.. ::.:;... �.:: ..:,. _ - -:.` .:. e....t:ioneed riea�sure.s.-..-•have ::b:een:, ..taken and:: .rgec t:a. of:t•er-:•'their., •••• afoYemen.. . . .. - .:.,..... rii't i- :the State :and, County to:deve:lop_:••. ass�.�stance::°.i:.�:�rt��k :ng`.- � .. .. .-. ... ... :.... :: •..::<:- :i-::- ��-- :f f - better;:::iriutual _:urderst`aridirig• of :needs,::.:goa:•s e_..•.. orbs;` 'proce:.ses etc. :• If., ou-'have: :any:�-questio_ ns.•,:°comments:; a•r..:wish.'•-•::to'::discus:s_••thi::: .ease- call -:me...:on`:-4`l5- . - - matter- ..futt1'ler� ?�'��-.•3143.•.. • • . • • . • . . . • 6 ' . e-s.: w . -\. :pd. - •••••••P••••g: e.4-..5,..• - 'E...-.1%3• R 9,:N.20).... pa. P • . . • - •gs. •• . .. • ••.-.. . : -- a Imo•`;.' 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C3'•r.... � :-its,'�-..-f- •• . • -•. .,.to -- .Q QD. .6 .A� :•:..- ,Cty.,' �`"•: ` .. r rte' '�„ .•� d•°�• � �� ' • . .. .. •. . • .. • . : . . ....i'D- ;14%. t.'• .-, (.4....,„ 1.: pa-p* O.'ID' • '--- . •.‹., .. • - t-cf P. . - . ra..,• .- . . .. ---,"..-•‘,0. rte+ j ��,';` i-t • • • to `'.Q Gi ' CD . " g N z. • • • • • • • • • • • • • : ... - .Viand Use:Mi:srcprese :tat am'forthe - , - •. • . • •• • •!. r.ase of •Inco •me and Raul Discrimination p:. � •` • •oIaaii- s • i .. . • • • • flat's the l •o• cation,of 55,000 vi' ie$ ;UoO parsis. .. • •-' •• •• - - :• - small=ownee•subdivisions cin'the • ' •• • ig:lslaad. Pun • • a ge .th n:th a Isla tet o C iu .. • . • • `.:t { (. . . _ -• a • .R.,':nti:5y.: • '. .. .'.. :rte. • '. i ....+ f• •.� .lJ.••-•,-1:.,....,., t.+ 1...4,4),.-c.,.,.-g•••.54•••,�}:::::•�';:;,.1• • Vit}��:n: • Jr. • 'r�' y,. .... :tsY.:.jj:;{!!••:�'.f,�r,, t ;SG!.�.:i4: ':!'�..`:.nf..:. .. ,I ; .�•-,A../,.. .. 3•'rj.;.Ci••.'•..i'.�._ .rCii r'..•',.:_«_ .> . 10 A '2.P. ' • 0SC5 .�,5� R rt Y 4. .`y„_0.::r .•r^. ....:2 to,—.. :moi” -.,„., r,,.: .,: ,,,. ,..-.., . r.lr•� >ni ,:� Vr.'`<: ti'..,::?'::''"^ {•,.,v, :.�+': .rt. ��a. ,.: ice:. 't' Cyt':' `,.ii,'". • `Y.,,./.•, -. o-"1. \.4",..\‘'fi iF.S ..t • ,:4.•. .i >:r:,... .:t•. -.s.,....,'". J� ''+, :ji ri, ..Il •IFS , :ir' -` Kc ' 1v • • .�� , 1 .1 'JL` • .Y : _. : . .4 �....,,,,....,,,,,,,,,•,,,r.:,,,••••:•::, t : • .:ay : •• V11t.. '� 1J • • • • • .''::'w. Wil:.. • _ • • • • (�\]'( NTY GENERAL PLAN . • . . .:.... .:.. Me�ik _ 1XIIf .QWepSit `.UTCt)a #ttjb ti✓xAiiS1bT1 d- _ ., .. • ,y •i�• ,- ~�r ,� - . _ ... w{;f'c��v2a`µY.rru9^„�;lw? .. .. .. . - ' • Indus . • . Px,"'„-''\y'�'Srr4d•,"�n.t:w!d':_ - • bll�'�..�y .'M� 1' aka.:, ':ds'"f,3»'.:s e..'k".,. • • ': • Intensive ;reultre : `• .u . °F ....,.:-.4,,,v-• ate • lgCiit ✓; •• • � • • • O • peor Conservation • • • . • • • • • .Bonnie bocell +r _flrininpr 14CICI • • • • • :.. . tax .�ieo1 ao Q x� trr�{pia ,T QB E :�5 ' p '. :` Id f,4iluBaur a iz • 4t4-0401i6.5'' . au.' say uc,c •:2ro .PCI� ::� . -`Incoming Message • Re Heads UP! HLRLTP Complaint Action NOW. - Page 1 of 1 Subject: Re: Heads :UP'" ; HLRLTP Complaint Action NOW Sent: 10,12f/19,;6:1 :AM : - Received: 100:24/99: 10::38-AM From:- .. Dave Taylor,- �tE1tDAilETAYLO�@cs.�c-orp . � - .- ... - : : -:- To: Bonnie Goodell. `Ghia Estates, cmapla:n9interpac::net . . . In a message dated;:.1:0/2:2 99:.8 57:27 AM Hawaiian Standard Times . cmaplan@interpac-.:net.writes: ..: , . . << 'Lloyd Van de .Car" <dlv@ lhawai ..net> .» . • Dear Bonnie:, . I thank .th you for your, ligerit. work and I'm ::glad that ,L-Loyd: is.::goi.ng .to. represent us. I'M on the mainland but I :can:°fait or: se:nd,somethi-ng::by mail, let me know which you:wco-nt.. ..Suffice. it to say I'M in -agre-ement c nd.°..designate you torepresent: ily _posi.:t.zon;--to. Lloyd-Van- der :Car• -and-any,_one else :in regard to this issue Thanks .Davi C.: Taylor • Sustainability Committee • P.O.Box:6 Volcano,I-Iawai'i 96785: • October 24,:1999 • • Mr. Abraham Wong :: Federal Highway Administration P.O. Box 50206 Honolulu,Hawai'i 96850 , RE: Executive Order 12898 and Title VI complaints regarding"Hawaii LongRange Land Transportation Plan. RLTP): Designation of Representative • Dear Mr. Wong, • ... . :.... .. Bonnie Goodell shall speak for me and represent my,interest as a nember..of_the Sustainability Committee in our.Title VI and/or Environmental-justice Complaint,:submitted May 11,1998, against the May.1998 Hawaii Long Range Land Transportation"=Plan Lloyd de Gar shall'serve as our attorney,as needed, in this process • Mahalo for your attention. - et/ Jo ,Ae/( h4 GJVI II IIC laUV61C14 Gert uvv .:+v r r r r v •s4.21."01 • Sustainability Committee • • P.O.BOX 6 .:.-. Volcano,:Hawai'i 96785 October 24, 1999 Mr..Abraham Wong Federal Highway Administration • P.O. Box 50206 ; • Honolulu, �awai'i�96854 RE:Executive Order..12898 and Title VI complaints regarding Hawaii LongRange Land Transportation Plan-(HLRLTP):Designation of Representative • • Dear Mr.Wong, Bonnie Goodell shall speak.;for me and represent my interest as.a member of the.Sustainability • Committee:in our Title VI and/or Ei vironmentalJustice Complaint,:-submitted May 11,1998, against the May 1998 Hawaii Long Range Land Transportation:Plan. Lloyd Van de Car shall serve as our attorney,as needed,:in this,process.: Mahalo for your attention, • • it) c3D • • • • • a: t7 0' c;' - rs u •cis •vs • "(R 'r- :� (] • cL. .`tea v: ro . ' .*.� •CA .. • - a CJ. CO (10. •... .v . ' .h,.,' Cin - y ,Q 'L L : • • a• ,� �'3 7s.• ca., '6'. rr t/s %'.tai } j i..c.'{¢.,'_ , j. - t.� ?.i CD' r•1. .. '-, ' .. • f' . r' ..r^'• fie :-I• fir' '.'. ./ .-'v„,,,,4,. ' .. *• . : .. - .�'., `�' N,t-t : . 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Box 201,7 •..•. . •. .. . .. .. • . • €c caau:•fil-94749... `. • - • - . • • - - • : • .• . . • . 1kat'..Mr. \\catiiettorti: • • • • . . -.I..bis lettpr:•i.y in rcikrenc:e�io,tour I•rccsdoni of information Act( ` ):iA.j*recgtiL t dat d • •• • • • . \Ia,t:c i 8. 201.3:in tc-hi h.N�ou rt quos€epi a.•ll:Iil\\A.:oi nmtmuntc atrons ;one notidcricc.:and other . documents.&uier rte l or-•pi=educed;in:respoinst•to.:thc•1o1io ing I rn n unnw i tiii:.ltt:tic cc(o pldairit • • • . •presentcd.by Bacon.€iic••• .o .dc1l•:I'car:tI c`,';t taitiabtl ty.C`oinrnittc ,..on M4...IA/. 199;8:.':1998 f f ri.k aii• • • .I.. �g 1 i onngc Land Iransporlitt:iorii.Pla .,..\'our ic.0.#c4\st , •1S t�ccci cd`i•n'otir•olliec on . - letrch 8:.":20 t 3...and a L :czt'0is t}e:t 1\C.ct1lc l: clttlbct.''(t -{?1.0.'2. • . . Aiter.rc dcA4•in�► yOnt:.'Ecgcresi..'wc.•bave.•det.er ii:ncd that:an'° responsiv. *rc..,•rr'.ds.:.ii they exist. • . • • t.•otifd•likely. resi.cic ra:t•lit T-:I..1\cI .;l.:14-%•i rzi.Division 'alike(1..:II)\-1.:iI.) • etre r:.quest leaee s-bts •. • • lir€-�i•arded to thiis:.ol1�We fcaf actrtof .:and vOI;:n i[1 rc'.ceire a.1Vspponsc fror:n,th:nm riit'OCII.};..-*r hL. P Ii t . . cffs'tontait i n.t•be 110A-1•11-Of tcc 3s Vits..I.)ornita•Illotry.c.and stze iiia •-••tbL.tia'e:tcd.at•g0.8-541-2700. it \�Gtt-na�'c.:ain'S-.qu;SttO11S. v'it11:regard to this•l:t'ttct_-plcztse Icc1 tr€:L tcl•(.:ontae.t inc.:.c.'11 . 202-366-0)44. • . • ' : . • . . mceich :�: . • ••. - Ronald� .:U T3�non. . - • . • •}=()I,' 4f ccf=iI•ist . • ..: . . • : :• . • . • • crI1 t- Iflir` ci ;; • • Summary Table 2: Socio-economic Characteristics, 2010-2014 <100% of Children in Adults with Household Civilian Average per Federal Households Receiving Labor Force No High Capita Poverty Receiving SNAP Unemployed School Income Service Area Level Assistance Diploma (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) ($) State of Hawaii 11.4 25.4 11.8 7.6 10.6 29,500 Honolulu County 9.8 22.2 10.1 7.2 10.8 30,700 Hawaii Kai - Kaimuki 4.3 5.8 2.4 6.1 5.9 46,700 Waikiki- Pablo 12.0 20.4 8.2 7.3 9.5 33,300 McCully- Makiki 11.6 17.4 7.6 6.1 8.7 34,000 Ala Moana - Nu'uanu 11.9 17.9 9.2 6.5 9.5 37,900 Downtown - Kalihi 17.5 38.3 22.9 5.8 24.3 22,300 Airport- Moanalua 8.5 16.9 8.0 7.2 14.4 25,300 Hickam - Pearl City 6.9 20.1 7.4 7.4 8.5 31,300 Waipahu 8.9 28.0 12.6 5.9 13.6 26,500 'Ewa - Kalaeloa 4.4 11.2 4.4 7.9 6.5 35,700 Kapolei - Makakilo 4.1 18.2 9.3 6.5 9.1 29,000 Mililani 8.0 21.7 10.4 8.8 11.2 27,900 Wahiawa 11.9 17.5 14.4 11.9 12.2 22,100 Wai`anae 24.2 55.5 33.3 11.8 15.8 17,800 Waialua 9.9 17.3 9.1 7.3 11.8 26,200 Ko`olauloa 11.7 25.2 11.7 7.1 6.3 25,700 Ko`olaupoko 7.7 19.1 7.7 7.4 7.5 34,700 Hawaii County 19.2 38.0 18.9 9.5 9.8 24,400 Hilo 18.2 39.0 19.0 10.0 10.2 24,000 Puna 29.3 52.1 26.4 11.0 11.1 18,900 Ka'Cl 27.6 49.3 24.1 11.3 10.9 20,700 South Kona 13.8 25.1 10.8 12.3 8.9 29,100 North Kona 14.4 30.8 14.2 8.5 9.6 28,500 South Kohala 10.3 25.4 13.6 5.6 5.1 30,600 North Kohala 19.8 38.1 18.5 10.6 8.0 22,700 Hamakua 13.8 31.1 16.5 8.7 11.8 21,700 Maui County 11.4 28.6 13.6 8.0 10.5 29,500 Nana 16.2 21.4 9.4 10.1 10.3 20,600 Makawao 11.5 23.7 9.7 6.7 6.7 34,100 Wailuku 11.6 32.1 16.3 8.7 12.0 27,500 Lahaina 8.3 20.0 9.6 6.6 11.3 31,900 Lana`i 9.6 14.2 8.8 8.2 13.7 23,300 Molokai 18.2 46.2 24.7 12.6 9.9 23,000 Kauai County 11.7 26.1 11.7 6.6 9.4 27,100 Hanalei 13.1 30.0 10.4 9.6 7.2 26,700 Kapa'a 11.4 19.4 9.1 7.8 7.4 28,700 Lihu`e 12.6 31.1 15.2 3.9 12.5 24,900 Koloa 12.8 26.9 12.5 6.5 9.9 28,200 Waimea 7.7 25.0 12.0 5.8 10.2 25,800 ii Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey State of Hawaii Primary Care Needs Assessment Data Book 2016 3