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1.3 Glossary of Terms and Acronyms Used <br />11.3.E Glossary of Terms <br />Ahupua'a: Hawaiian Land division usually extending from the <br />uplands to the sea. <br />'Aina: land, earth. <br />Biofuel: A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through <br />contemporary biological processes, such as agriculture and <br />anaerobic digestion. Biofuels can be derived directly from plants, <br />1 <br />or indirectly from agricultural, commercial, domestic, and/or industrial wastes. <br />Bluff: A high, steep bank, as by a river or the sea, or beside a ravine or plain; a cliff with a broad face; most bluffs <br />border a river, beach, or other coastal area. <br />Brownfield: Abandoned or underused site where redevelopment or reuse is complicated by the presence or <br />perceived presence of contamination. <br />Capital improvements: Major, nonrecurring expenditure like infrastructure improvements, new buildings, and <br />related land acquisition and planning (see also CIP, below). <br />Cottage Industry: a small-scale industry that can be carried on at home generally by family members using their own <br />equipment. <br />Critical Habitat: According to the US Fish and Wildlife Service: "When a species is proposed for listing as endangered <br />or threatened under the Endangered Species Act (Act), we must consider whether there are areas of habitat we <br />believe are essential to the species' conservation. Those areas may be proposed for designation as "critical habitat. <br />It is a specific geographic area(s) that contains features essentialfor the conservation of a threatened or endangered <br />species and that may require special management and protection. Critical habitat may include an area that is not <br />currently occupied by the species but that will be needed for its recovery." <br />Ecosystem Services: Any positive benefit that wildlife or ecosystems provides to people. The benefits can be direct <br />or indirect —small or large. See also: http://www.nwf.org/Wildlife/Wildlife-Conservation/Ecosystem-Services.aspx . <br />Endemic Species: A species that is only found in that region and nowhere else in the world. As such, they are of <br />conservation concern because they are not widespread and may be confined to only one or two areas. <br />Extensive Agriculture: A designation of land use that includes lands that are not capable of producing sustained, high <br />agricultural yields without the intensive application of modern farming methods and technologies due to certain <br />physical constraints such as soil composition, slope, machine tillability and climate. Other less intensive agricultural <br />uses such as grazing and pasture may be included in the Extensive Agriculture category. See the General Plan, pages <br />14-8, and 14-9. <br />General Plan: The policy document for the long range comprehensive development of the County of Hawai'i <br />http://records.co.hawaii.hi.us/WebLink8/DocView.aspx?id=69701&dbid=l . <br />Harden; Hardening: Refers to physically changing infrastructure or structures to make them less susceptible to <br />damage from extreme wind, flooding, or flying debris. Hardening improves the durability and stability of facilities, <br />15 <br />