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It shall be an unlawful employment practice for any employer, labor organization, or joint labor-management
<br />committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining,including on-the-job training programs to
<br />discriminate against any individual because of his race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in admission to, or
<br />employment in, any program established to provide apprenticeship or other training.
<br />(e) Businesses or enterprises with personnel qualified on basis of religion, sex, or national origin; educational
<br />institutions with personnel of particular religion
<br />Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, (1) it shall not be an unlawful employment practice for
<br />an employer to hire and employ employees, for an employment agency to classify, or refer for employment any
<br />individual, for a labor organization to classify its membership or to classify or refer for employment any
<br />individual, or for an employer, labor organization, or joint labormanagement committee controlling
<br />apprenticeship or other training or retraining programs to admit or employ any individual in any such program,
<br />on the basis of his religion, sex, or national origin in those certain instances where religion, sex, or national
<br />origin is a bona fide occupational qualification reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular
<br />business or enterprise, and (2) it shall not be an unlawful employment practice for a school, college, university,
<br />or other educational institution or institution of learning to hire and employ employees of a particular religion if
<br />such school, college, university, or other educational institution or institution of learning is, in whole or in
<br />substantial part, owned, supported, controlled, or managed by a particular religion or by a particular religious
<br />corporation, association, or society, or if the curriculum of such school, college, university, or other educational
<br />institution or institution of learning is directed toward the propagation of a particular religion.
<br />(f) Members of Communist Party or Communist-action or Communist-front organizations
<br />As used in this subchapter, the phrase “unlawful employment practice” shall not be deemed to include any
<br />action or measure taken by an employer, labor organization, joint labor management committee, or
<br />employment agency with respect to an individual who is a member of the Communist Party of the United States
<br />or of any other organization required to register as a Communist-action or Communist-front organization by
<br />final order of the Subversive Activities Control Board pursuant to the Subversive Activities Control Act of 1950
<br />\[50 U.S.C. 781 et seq.\].
<br />(g) National security
<br />Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, it shall not be an unlawful employment practice for an
<br />employer to fail or refuse to hire and employ any individual for any position, for an employer to discharge any
<br />individual from any position, or for an employment agency to fail or refuse to refer any individual for
<br />employment in any position, or for a labor organization to fail or refuse to refer any individual for employment
<br />in any position, if-
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