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Hawaiʻi Island Vision Zero Action Plan
HAWAI ' l ISLAND VISIONZER6) ACTION PLAN •�PRCIFIICC ' e 150008it museum ! J ji AA POLICE WON +/ a� ~ o FINAL, September 2020 ■ sib A SLOW DOWN � H6L Drive Like you live here �. . w V. Keep AL Kids Saf e What is Vision Zero? Vision Zero is a strategy to eliminate all traffic fatalities and severe injuries, while increasing safe, healthy, equitable mobility for all. - VisionZeroNetwork.org COUNTY OF HAWAI`I PROCLAMATION ` WHEREAS, the life and health of Hawai'i County's residents are our utmost priority; and WHEREAS, Vision Zero is the concept that there is no acceptable number of traffic deaths and serious injuries on Y our roadways; and .y WHEREAS, people walking and bicycling, who are often children or elderly, represent a disproportionate number of injuries and fatalities; and t. WHEREAS, the likelihood of pedestrians surviving a crash are 15% if hit by a vehicle moving 40 mph; and WHEREAS, the County of Hawaii continues to invest in Complete Streets and Safe Routes to Schools to encourage safe and active transportation in support of healthier communities; and NOW, THEREFORE, I, HARRY KIM, Mayor of the County of Hawai'i, have the distinct honor of proclaiming that the County of Hawai'i adopts the goal of: VISION ZERO: ELIMINATE TRAFFIC DEATHS ON HAWAII ISLAND BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that a Vision Zero Safety Task Force will be formed to advise the Mayor's Office and County Council on the development and implementation of a Vision Zero Safety Action Plan; and shall be comprised of agencies and organizations with expertise in transportation, enforcement, education, public health, emergency response, equity, transit, biking, walking, and vehicles. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the County of Hawai'i to be affixed hereto. DONE at Hilo, Hawai'i, Hawaii On this 1 st day of February, 2019 e "' HARRY KIM Mayor, County of Hawaii ACRONYMS BAC: Blood Alcohol Content Hawaii County Police Department COH; County of Hawaii County of Hawaii Information Technology DCCA: Department of Commerce and KCH: Kona Community Hospital Consumer Affairs 11 C' Hawai'i County Department of LED: Light Emitting Diode Liquor Control MALAC: Mayor's Active Living Advisory IDOL. Hawaii State Department of Committee Education ivi i i►: Hawaii County Mass Transit nnw Hawaii State Department of Agency Health NHCH: North Hawaii Community urJW: Hawaii County Department of Hospital Public Works Nh National Highway Traffic Safety DRE: Drug Recognition Expert Administration DUI: Driving Under the Influence NCSA: National Center for Statistics and Analysis ER: Emergency Room PATH' Peoples Advocacy for Trails FARS: Fatality Analysis Reporting Hawaii System PSA: Public Service Announcement HCC: Hawaii Community College SRTS: Safe Route to School HDOT: Hawaii State Department of Transportation UH Hilo: University of Hawaii at Hilo HFD: Hawaii County Fire Department VMT: Vehicle Miles Traveled HIPHI: Hawaii Public Health Institute VZ Task Fok.,e-. Vision Zero Task Force HMC' Hilo Medical Center ACKNOWILEDGEMENTS The Vision Zero Action Plan was assembled under contract with Peoples Advocacy for Trails Hawai'i (PATH), in collaboration with the County of Hawai'i (COH) Planning Department, which helped assemble and lead the year-long efforts of the Vision Zero Task Force. SSFM International performed data analysis, mapping and preparation of the Action Plan document as a consultant to PATH. Credit for the photos used in this publication goes to individuals at PATH and SSFM. VISION ZERO TASK FORCE The Vision Zero Task Force was created by the Hawaii County Council in February 2019 with the goal of bringing multiple perspectives to how Hawaii County can improve traffic safety. The following departments, agencies, community groups, and individuals participated in the Vision Zero Task Force. In addition, Peter Koonce served as a consultant to the Task Force. Community Groups Hawaii County Departments: (Commissions, Councils, Committees, Coalitions) • EMS Fire Department • Blue Zones Project • Information Technology • Liquor Commission • Liquor Department • MALAC • Mass Transit Agency • PATH Planning Department Police Department Hawaii State Agencies: Public Works Department • Department of Education • Department of Health • Department of Transportation • University of Hawaii R, 4 1 _ Vision Zero Task Force: Individuals/Organizations Individual's Name LastFirst Organization Ancheta Sally HIPHI Autura Erhard HPD Benes Kari DOH Carreira Brenda MT Cassidy, MD Scott I<CH Clothier Tina PATH Correia Chris HPD Dela Cruz Jason DOH Fincher Louise HMC Gobeyn Rene HCC Gonzalez Brandon DLC Hansen-Smith Heidi DOH VISIONHara Vern HFD ZEDn ` '° Harlan Bill DOE rl%jHonda Chris HFD ® J p1,�1•t{® Ignacio Carol MALAC Keltner Torey HPD Kimura Alan HPD Kurokawa Brad MALAC Laukea Matthew L IT r Lee Loy Sue County Council 1 Mierzwa Peggy Blue Zones Nahalea Shelby Liquor Commission B Norris Kevin IT Ogata Shelly County Council Okinaka Darwin HFD Overlan Valerie PATH Perreira Robert HFD Rosario Darren HFD Roth Mitch Prosecutor's Office Sakai Marcia UH Hilo Seymour Chris MALAC Simeon Allan DPW Soriano Natasha COH Planning Strauss Paul DOH Sur Peter County Council Surprenant April COH Planning Takase Gerald DLC Takemoto Roy Mayor's Office Takiue Harry HDOT Ung Jules IT Vandenraadt Nicholas NHCH Wagner Wendi I<CH Yamamoto David DPW Yee Michael COH Planning 1 F .. l - Cow' or Mawr 4 P.• RESCUi 1„ j -;� .`' s—i `�'. • !• gid(.;:--� /.ai r.,. _ �1 f • `, /// /1 - — HALI'AALOHA IN LOVING REMEMBRANCE • - Law of the Splintered Paddle Oh people, m5lama 'oukou i ke akua Honor thy god; respect alike [the rights of] people both great and humble; - - ka 'elemakule, ka luahine, a me ke kama May everyone, from the old men and women to the children .- i ke ala Be free to go forth and lie in the road • - mea n5na - ho'opilikia. Without fear of harm. Hewa • make. Break this law, and die. HAWAI'I ISLAND VISION ZERO ACTION PLAN Table of Contents MWHY VISION ZERO?..................PAGE 1 P' CURRENT SITUATION PAGE 5 i ROAD MAP TO CHANGE............PAGE 27 TAKING ACTION................. ........PAGE 31 FLIN 0-1 L'A 1-1 L 0 EEL- AM Working together, we can eliminate all traffic fatalities and severe injuries while increasing SAFE, HEALTHY, and EQUITABLE MOBILITY for all. - _ i 1) WHYVISION ZERO . ;, For too long, we've considered traffic deaths and severe injuries to be inevitable side effects of modern life. While often referred to as "accidents,"the reality is _ - that we can prevent these tragedies by taking a proactive, preventative -- approach that prioritizes traffic safety as a public health issue. - The significant loss of life exacts a tragic toll, extending beyond personal loss to --- deep community impacts, including personal economic costs and emotional trauma to those suffering; and significant taxpayer spending on emergency response and long-term healthcare costs. And because so many fear for their safety on our streets, there is no true freedom of mobility, and, as a result, we compromise our public health with increasing rates of sedentary diseases and higher carbon emissions Traditional Approach > Traffic deaths are INEVITABLE •-. > PERFECT human behavior -• .•• •. > Prevent CRASHES VS • i A > INDIVIDUAL responsibility .•• . > Saving lives is EXPENSIVE • • WHAT IS VISION ZERO? Vision Zero is a transportation safety Cities, counties and states across the U.S. philosophy that was developed in Sweden have adopted Vision Zero goals and in the late 1990s to eliminate traffic deaths developed plans for eliminating traffic and serious injuries in the transportation deaths. While Vision Zero efforts in the U.S. system. Through its Vision Zero efforts, share common principles with Sweden's Sweden has reduced traffic fatalities by half, policy, each agency has adapted the making it one of the safest places to travel approach to their unique circumstances and in the world. needs'. A central tenet of Vision Zero is that people The federal government and many states, should not be killed or seriously injured as a including the Hawaii Department of consequence of mobility. Vision Zero Transportation, have also committed to a recognizes that humans make mistakes and goal of reducing traffic fatalities, providing therefore the transportation system be additional support for this initiative. designed to minimize the consequences of those errors. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF A MEANINGFUL VISION ZERO COMMITMENT These principles are core . successful Vision • efforts. 1. All people deserve access to safe, healthy, sustainable transportation. 2. Traffic deaths and severe injuries are acknowledged to be preventable. 3. Human life and public health are prioritized within all aspects of the transportation system. 4. Acknowledgment that human error is inevitable, and transportation systems should be forgiving. 5. Safety work should focus on systems-level changes above influencing individual behavior. 6. Mitigation of speed is recognized and prioritized as the fundamental factor in crash severity. 7. Solutions should be prioritized in areas with the most vulnerable populations. 8. Communities should have a voice in defining issues and developing solutions for their community, with particular focus on engaging disadvantaged and vulnerable populations. (Source: Adapted from VisionZero Network.org) wow �91' 1 VisionZeroNetwork.org 2 For the past several years, Hawaii County has had the highest percentage of traffic fatalities per capita in the state (see Figure 1). The number of fatal traffic crashes on Hawai'i Island has remained steady as Vehicle Miles Travelled across the state increased over the years (see Figure 2). However, a significant reduction in traffic fatalities was realized in a corresponding timeframe where Vehicle Miles Travelled dipped, showing a correlation between a reduction in passenger vehicle travel and lives lost. FIGURE 1.STATE OF HAWAII TRAFFIC FATALITIES PER CAPITA(YEARS 2003-2017) N _O - 30% ILL �o U 00 �•a 20% f0 � a� CI- 10% r' -. -- - -------------------------- -------------- U ---- -- U aJ 0 d YEAR 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Hawaii ------ Kauai ------ Maui ------ Honolulu Counties FTHE PAST SEVERAL YEARS, HAWAII COUNTY HAS OR . D THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE OF TRAFFIC FATALITIES PER CAPITA IN THE STATE. FIGURE 2. HAWAII ISLAND FATAL TRAFFIC CRASHES(YEARS 2000-2019) 40 12,500 35 • 12,000 w C • .�.• ..0% • N % • 11,500 F • , ;�� N 30 • • • • o c • .. ••• U • • • 11,000 u 25 E co ' 10,500 / v `D 20 10,000 LL 15 • w O • 9,500 _v O � E 10 _ 9,000 v :3 U Z t 5 8,500 j 8,000 YEAR 2000 2001 2002 2003 20042005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 • Hawaii Island Fatal Traffic Collisions —Annual Vehicle Miles Travelled in State of Hawaii (Million Miles) 3 ..... Hawaii Island Fatal Traffic Trendline • NOT INV i e _ 11 M *EMS*O- WIN _ . . As 16 MvJ ell Zero, IMLI 2) CURRENT SITUATION Acknowledging the need for a systems-based, data-driven, approach to Vision the most . data . .ht for analysis and to create an understanding . - current FMLIL Collaboration with the Hawaii County It is acknowledged that as a rural island with Police Department (HPD) and the State a relatively small, spread-out, residential Department of Health (DOH) yielded data population, the number of traffic fatalities on all traffic crashes and fatalities on per year is low which increases the margin Hawaii Island roads. However, limitations in of error year-to-year. To address this, a the breadth of the data did not allow for a minimum of five years of historical data was meaningful analysis of potential solutions to sought where possible to help identify the traffic fatality epidemic. Additional data trends versus outliers. This data analysis was sought through the National Highway served as the starting point for developing Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) this action plan. For a more in-depth Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) assessment of the factors associated with which included specifics regarding factors these crashes, additional data was sought associated with each crash (i.e., location, and obtained from the NHTSA National speed, time, mode) as well as the Center for Statistics and Analysis (NCSA), individuals involved (i.e., impairment, age, to provide a comparison of results for the gender, race). This allowed for a more State of Hawaii and the entire United thorough analysis of historical crash data States (U.S.). The latest demographics which yielded the results herein. associated with each community were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. 5 DATA SOURCES Where available, fatal traffic crash data from the years 2013-2019 was analyzed in a systems based approach in an effort to identify correlations in data so as to inform those working to prevent traffic deaths. Maps and figures herein were prepared using the following data sources: r-------------------------------------------------------------------- ' 1. Hawaii County Police Department Years 2014 through 2018 data included location, when provided, of major motor vehicle traffic crashes. Details on the cause or results of the traffic crash were not provided with this data. At times, locations were represented only by the road and nearest town in which the crash occurred, with no reference to cross-street or road mile post. Year 2019 ' data was limited to the date and general location of the fatal traffic crash which were ' used to research additional information from online news articles. 2. Hawaii Department of Transportation Miles of roadway owned by the State of Hawaii, County of Hawaii, Federal Government, or "other" (often less-used roads, reflective of private roads or roads in ' limbo). 3. NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System ' Years 2013 through 2018 data included the specific locations of fatal motor vehicle traffic crashes with pedestrians, bicycles, or other motor vehicles. Data included demographics of persons involved in the crash, transportation modes involved, day and time of crash, and potential factors associated with the crash (i.e., drugs, alcohol, speed) notated by the crash report. 4. NHTSA National Center for Statistics and Analysis Years 2013 through 2017 data included the average percentage of traffic related fatalities within the State of Hawaii and nationally, associated with speed, alcohol use, and time of day. 5. U.S. Census Bureau ' American Community Survey Five-Year Estimates, from the years 2013 through 2017, included race, population, and commuter mode share estimates per county. --------------------------------------------------------------------r 6 EQUITY Equity is a commitment to acknowledging, evaluating and repairing the disparate impact of historic oppression and exclusion on vulnerable communities. This plan acknowledges that streets and highway investments have not always been multimodal and that some investments have resulted in disproportionately adverse effects on minority and low-income communities'. Vision Zero principles recognize the right of all people to access safe, healthy, sustainable transportation, and the need to address inequities through prioritizing the needs of vulnerable populations. To facilitate this, the DOH provided the following list (see Figure 3) of Hawai'i island "Communities of Concern" based on household income, language, unemployment, and education. The highest ranked communities are those with the greatest socioeconomic disparities, as identified in the Hawaii Island SocioNeeds Index, and therefore should be prioritized in addressing identified inequities in the COH system and transportation network. FIGURE 3. HAWAII ISLAND COMMUNITY SOCIoNEEi Community Zip Code Index Community Zip Code Index Pahoa 96778 Kapaau 96755 3 Pahala 96777 Volcano 96785 3 1 Kurtistown 96760 Paauilo 96776 3 Honokaa96727 3 Z Naalehu 96772 -------------- ---------- Papaaloa 96780 Holualoa 96725 2 3 Ookala 96774 Hilo 96720 2 Hawi 96719 2 Mountain View 96771 ■ 4 2 ---------------- Hakalau 96710 Captain Cook 96704 Honomu 96728 2 ■ 5 Greater Pepeekeo 96783 Kailua Kona 96740 2 Need Keaau 96749 Kealakekua 96750 1 (highest index Laupahoehoe 96764 Kamuela 96743 1 values are estimated Papaikou 96781 Waikoloa 96738 1 to have the highest socioeconomic need) Source:2019 SocioNeeds Index,Hawaii Department of Health Retrieved from htfp://www.howoiihealthmotters.org/index.php?module=indicators&controller=index&action=socioneeds J r -- I r .a .til t •, ;a t• � r 1.https://www.transportation.gov/transportation-policy/environmental-justice/environmental-justice-strategy 7 COMMUNITIES OF CONCERN When analyzing the residing zip codes of motorists involved in fatal traffic crashes, it was found that the majority (87%) of those involved are residents of Hawaii Island (see Figure 4). This means that fatal traffic crashes have a reverberating impact throughout the community, affecting family, friends, and neighbors of those who fell victim to these senseless traffic deaths. Delving further into the data on the race of the deceased, it was found that Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders are three times more likely to be killed on Hawai'i Island roads than whites (see Figure 5). Map 1 identifies the cumulative residing zip codes of the Hawaii Island resident drivers involved in a fatal traffic crash between the years 2013 and 2019. Included on the map are the location of all fatal traffic crashes during that time period. Communities of concern and the location of available police stations and hospitals have been delineated as well. FIGURE 4. RESIDING ZIP CODE OF MOTORIST INVOLVED IN FATAL TRAFFIC CRASHES 4 0 Motorists from /0 Neighbor Island . 0 Motorists from 141 6 �0 U.S., Outside of Hawaii Fatal Traffic Collisions Motorists from 2013-2018 3% Residence Unknown 214 Motorists Involved 87% Motorists from Hawaii Island NATIVE HAWAIIANS AND PACIFIC ISLANDERS . ■ THREE TIMES MORE • BE KILLED ON ISLAND ROADS THAN WHITES. FIGURE 5. COMPARISON OF POPULATION AND FATALITIES FOR DIFFERENT RACES(YEARS 2013-2017) 0.7 9 - Fopuh;ion;100.000, ........ ....... Fatalities 8 r- N 7 C p 0.5 .... : N 6 0.4 f0 O s LLO O o • t.. 4 O 3 4) ;_ : Z EL 0.2 .._ • 2 0.1 _. _.. .._...._._........................................�. ......... 0 0 White Black or American Asian Chinese Fillpim d■par w Korean Vietnamese Other Native Others African Indian and Indian Asian Hawaiian American Alaskan and Native Pacific O Islander 8 MAP 1. RESIDING ZIP CODE OF HAWAII ISLAND DRIVERS INVOLVED IN FATAL TRAFFIC CRASHES ® Communities of Concern (highest index values are estimated to have r 96727 the highest socioeconomic need) R ©�0 96755 © -_ 96717 ❑ ■ w add _ 9g No Data 1 2 3 4 5 Greater Need d O - (Source:2019 itp.11 eeds Index,Hawai i Oe Blind .p p Heakh Retrieved jr—hnp://www.ha�vaiihealfhmatters.wglindex.php? mcdule=indica!ors&controller=index&action=sacioneeds) • 96776 r + 0 © N Jia 96743 > o 25 sM Jaz � HONouu 05, 96738 0 ���Naiad ae�tR KONA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 1L� w„ . V • J�i•.�l 4dfktlTiowAL 96740 KAILUA KONA 96725 96745 VOLCANO 96739 '~;96726 HAWAII �m NATIONAL r� CAPTAIN '• © r ` COOK '� O 96704 .a 9 ° 96772 HAWAIIAN OCEAN VIEW "TA'Es LEGEND * • Fatal Traffic Crash a# Source:NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System(FARS),2013-2018 96737 Hawai'i Police Department and National Park Service,2019 QNumbers of Drivers from the Zipcode Area 96### Boundaries of the Zipcode Area Roads * Police Station + Hospital Source:Hawai'i statewaide GIS program VULNERABLE ROADWAY USERS Over the past seven years, people traveling by foot, bicycle, or motorcycle/moped have a much greater likelihood of being killed than those in automobiles (see Figure 6). Pedestrians are eight times more likely to be killed on Hawaii Island roads than drivers (see Figure 7). Hawaii has historically reported a disproportionately high number of pedestrian deaths for elderly adults as compared to national results'. However, results from Hawaii Island suggest that the percentage of elderly pedestrians killed is roughly proportional to the percentage of elderly adults in the total population. Map 2 identifies the location of each fatal traffic crash by mode between the years 2013 and 2019. Map 3 identifies the location of these High Fatality Corridors and High Fatality Locations in addition to the location of each fatal traffic crash by mode between the years 2013 and 2019. Communities of concern, roadway ownership, and the location of available police stations and hospitals have been delineated as well. FIGURE 6. HAWAII ISLAND FATAL TRAFFIC CRASHES BY TRAVEL MODE V) 35 a, 30 ___...._................._............................._..........._...__..._. .... 1 do 25 .... ..._... � 20 1 C? ) 1 Cul—b 15 • 1 Q -------- ..-.._. _.. 10 60% 19% C Coitislons with cdre.o,.:wdh C MWncycle 8 Moped Z) 5 ......... _... ........ ......... Z 44 YEAR 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 -Automobile Motorcycle& Pedestrian = Bicycle Moped Swed.NNTSA FateIltY Malyde Raporlinp Syelem IFAR57,2f1132(11 a.County W HaweiF'olxn Depelmenl.FeW Trertw Collleonn Dale TfIIB PEDESTRIANS ARE EIGHT TIMES MORE LIKELY TO BE KILLED ON D. FIGURE 7. HAWAII COUNTY COMMUTER TRAVEL MODE(YEAR 2017) • Bicycle � Walk 0.44% 2.3% Motorcycle 87%* EAE) O &Moped Automobile 2 U 17 0.55% Commuter Transit Travel /o 1.2 Mode Others 8.5% 1. Dangerous by Design Hawaii(Smart Growth America,2014) *Includes driving alone,carpooling and taxi 10 Source:Census Bureau's API for American Community Survey,2017 27OHA 1250 RAPAAU MAP 2. FATAL TRAFFIC CRASHES i Communities of Concern d add (highest index values are estimated to have te -+ 0 24 d. HONOKAA the highest socioeconomic need) �dP h 7P 1`$e�t �+ I ■ X40 N PAAUILO �a �a 19 19 No Data 1 2 3 4 5 Greater Need 19 r (Seume:2019 SocioNeeds Index,Hawaii Department of Health LAUPAHOE Retri—dJrom:ha0dlw'✓✓'%ihawaiihealthmafters.org/index.php? ,�� modala=indicators&controller=index8aclion=saioneedsl WAIKOLOA 190 r HONOMU Q 2� N ti da N o� KAMUELA --.. 26 6 D�Miles See Inset Map B Ra d4 PAAUILO PEPEEKEO Ha,Ne116e�< APA, See Inset Map A KONA ` INTERNA"'IOI AIRPORT o # AL HILO O O RPORT KAILUA EAAU KONA N .1 HOLUALOA I o W- VOLCANO 11 30 0 � 30 ° HAWAII = NATIONAL CAPTAIN PARK COOK PAHALA 11 11 a PAHALA+O INSET MAP B - P eiAAr9it+ 191 view p y l ,190 INTERNAT QQNA "^ 3 AIRPdRTr O ®Ka,ra Or= NAALEHU LEGEND INSET MAP A � } Fatal Traffic Crash with Motor Vehicle � 0 1MIIn O Fatal Traffic Crash with Bicycle WAINAKU. P 0 Fatal Traffic Crash with Pedestrian o 7 1e o Source:NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System(FARS),2013-2018 * a• ° Hawai'i Police Department and National Park Service,2019 v $ ,y 19 KAILU County Roads(919 miles) Po *�' ON � Mama a State Roads(383 miles) HILO IN7ERNATi Federal Roads(72 miles) ° t" AIRPORT Other Roads(1,539 miles) \. ° `* Source:State of Hawai'i HILO i Department of Transportation o Puainaha 5 * Police Station + Hospital — Source:Hawai'i statewaide GIS program ° 1 D.5 0 1 Mlles HIGH FATALITY NETWORK The High Fatality Network is a collection of roadway corridors and "hot-spot" locations that have the largest concentration of traffic related fatalities on Hawaii Island roads. Focusing Vision Zero efforts on the deadliest roads and in the most vulnerable communities is a fiscally responsible use of limited personnel and funding. While the State of Hawaii owns only 28% of all linear-miles of roadway on Hawaii Island, 67% of all fatal traffic crashes occurred on these state-owned roads (see Figure 8). High Fatality Corridors are reflective of continuous roadway segments with the highest percentage of fatal traffic crashes per mile on Hawaii Island. End points were chosen at likely termini such as intersections or changes in road typology/geometrics. Where clusters of fatal traffic crashes were found to be isolated from all major traffic crashes, the area was considered a High Fatality Location. In general, the roadways with the highest percentage of fatal traffic crashes per mile also had the highest density of major traffic crashes. These tended to be on the high-speed, high-volume arterials. However, there were some exceptions, which are likely to be more a result of roadway geometry or topography. Map 3 identifies the location of these High Fatality Corridors and High Fatality Locations in addition to the location of each fatal traffic crash by mode between the years 2013 and 2019. From this, it was derived that 14% of state-owned linear miles of road and 1% of County-owned linear miles of road fell along a high fatality corridor. Communities of concern, roadway ownership, and the location of available police stations and hospitals have been delineated as well. OF • OF - • OF COUNTY-OWNED LINEAR MILES OF ROAD FELL AL• FATALITYHIGH • - - D• - FIGURE 8. HAWAII ISLAND FATAL TRAFFIC CRASHES vs. ROADWAY OWNERSHIP Q 67% 2% County Occurred on 27% 5% owned roads Federally owned Federally owned roads Occurred on roads County owned roads Roadway 167 Ownership 28% Fatal Traffic Others 4% State owned roads Collisions 67% Source State of Hawaii Department of Transportation 2013-2019 Occurred on State owned roads Source: NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System(FARS), 2013-2018; County of Hawaii Police Department, 12 Fatal Traffic Collisions Data,2019 "A KAPAAU MAP 3. HIGH FATALITY NETWORK y 270 250 Communities of Concern �0,x 24 HONOKAA (highest index values are estimated to have the highest socioeconomic need) °�,d a�fa�� ad lett d —,FAAU I LO ■ H w �1_- , 19 No Data 1 2 3 4 5 i D Greater 19 t/ Need —'- --�_ LAUPAHOE (Source:2019 SDcloNeeds Index,Hawaii Department of Health �, �� - __ Retriev¢dJrom:hlfp://www.howaiihealfhmatt¢rs.org/indexyhp? ) module=indicators&controller=index&acfim=scriar ds1 oda WAIKOLOA 190 -/f ra .4 HONOMU ca r;Lf_o N KAMUELA HAKALAU o zs s da PAAUILO PEPEEKEO M1e9 \` Na�aPBettRe PAPAIKOU See Inset Map A KONA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT y —See Inset Map B J H I LO "ILS N'fERNATIONAL '_ I 00 `AIRPORT 6 1\ t KAILUA; � '� KEAAU (URTI TO I<ONA:p�' � A91AN t '7 - HOLUALOA MOUNTAINVIEW a �0 RADISE ....e RK o VOLCANO I ° 4 r PAHOA P ° 1 ° .9 `Q- O HAWAII NATIONAL CAPTAIN PARK f m COOK dao ro a PAHALA 11 ^� INSET MAP B _ PAHALA I � 0 19 �190Am INTERNATfdNA o AIRPdf}T `tr.' aiminani Dr r -- 3 LEGEND . a High Fatality Corridor ^s " ♦—% IN KU 19 0� \ 1 1 High Fatality Location O Fatal Traffic Crash Source:NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System(FARS),2013-2018 xa KAILU Hawai'i Police Department and National Park Service,2019 , CON County Roads(919 miles) TER t1 HILO State Roads(383 miles) P T t Federal Roads(72 miles) SII 0 Other Roads(1,539 miles) II puelnatm Source:State of Hawai'i Department of Transportation * Police Station + Hospitalo5 a rn„e, I � � \ Source:Hawai'i statewaide GIS program FATAL TRAFFIC CRASH FACTOR: MOTOR VEHICLE SPEED Traffic crashes where speed was considered a factor for Hawaii County is in line with the State of Hawaii, however both are significantly higher than the national average, as 41% of Hawaii Island's fatal traffic crashes involved excessive vehicle speed (see Figure 9). The majority of these speed-related traffic crashes occurred on roads with a posted speed limit of 35 mph or less which is lower than the national average (see Figure 10). This data is misleading as faster motor vehicle speeds can be correlated with a higher likelihood of a pedestrian dying if hit. Map 4 identifies the location of speed-related fatal traffic crashes. Communities of concern, roadway ownership, and the location of available police stations and hospitals have been delineated as well ` ISLAND FATAL TRAFFIC CRASHES Speed-Related Non-Speed-Related YEAR Traffic Collisions Traffic Collisions Speed-Related Traffic Collisions 2013 Hawaii Island 2014 2015 State of Hawaii 2016 42% 2017 Nationwide 2018 27% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Number of All Fatal Traffic Collisions OF . . . ND'S FATAL TRAFFICINVOLVED EXCESSIVE • • ' VEHICLE SPEEDS. THE MAJORITYOF SPEED-RELATED TRAFFIC CRASHES OCCURRED ON • ` 1 POSTEDWITH A OF OR FIGURE 10. HAWAII ISLAND SPEED RELATED FATAL TRAFFIC FIGURE 11. IMPACT SPEED&A PEDESTRIAN'S CRASHES BY POSTED SPEED Posted Speed Limit RISK OF SEVERE INJURE OR DEATH 20 3� 40 MPH fears 2073-2078 'bye "�� w0 PH 5 Q Fatal Speed-Related 8 22 10 15 3 b v Traffic Collisions M 11111 m mmmmmm Willi illi141 Fatal Traffic Collisions 17 46 32 43 3 m • mmmmmmmmmI I • • • • • • ' • • • 13% Likelihood AO%Likelihood ��%Likelihood of fatality or Y of fatality or of fatality or severe injury severe injury severe injury Average Source:Impact Speed and a Pedestrian's Risk of Severe injury or Death, Brian Tefft,AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety,2011 14 HA I MAP 4. FATAL SPEED-RELATED TRAFFIC CRASHES 270 250 KAPAAU i o� Communities of Concern 24 HONOKAA (highest index values are estimated to have �dP �Ood' tt the highest socioeconomic need) 6e PAAU I LO ■ �d - W A 19 '_ No Data 1 2 3 4 5 KALA Greater 19 111 �� f + Need - - LAUPAHOEHOE (Sou-2019SoaoNeeds Index,Hawaii Department ofHealth Rer,1—djrp :hnp-11w _h—hhea9hmanerso,glMde php? =r7 � �'* module=indicators&controller=index&action=socioneedsl ,tea WAIKOLOA�-- 190 PAPAALOA ��0 `'.• HONDM N r�d U A C p, Q' KAMUELA 0 HAKALAU N See Inset Map BRd o PAAUILO PEPEEKEO B0 25 M Nara"iae�� - PAPAIKOU See Inset Map A KONA 4 INTERNA'rIONA AIRPORT i •', _.. _ `�r -ate,., �-* r HILO +o`' IN rERNIATIONAL --oo -.AIRPORT *00 � ' * • C, k� - j' I<AI LUA h(EAAU KONA Q 1<u�1s`T iF HOLUALOA M \\\ N r VOLCANO,, 11 30 { 32 0' • 30 HAWAII \�2 NATIONAL CAPTAIN a W C001< PAHALA 11 11 PA + INSET MAP B HAWAPAN r' OCEAN-VIEW e ESTATES it KONL� 190m INTERIM QNA AIRP IST Kaiminani Dr NAALEHU LEGEND • Fatal Speed-Related Traffic Crash a.� O Fatal Non-Speed-Related Traffic Crash 1 5 • Unknown WAINAKUs19 Source:NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System(FARS),2013-2018 * o u 0� 19 County Roads (919 miles) * I(AILU State Roads (383 miles) Ae k*, � KON h0 nameno �^� 11= HILO Federal Roads (72 miles) �e^^'^µ 5 * n INTERNAn6rar .� AFRP,ORT Other Roads (1,539 miles) d � Source:State of Hawai'i Department of Transportation ° HILO * Police Station + Hospital P a^aosr Source:Hawai'i statewaide GIS program \ 1 D5 D 1Miles FATAL TRAFFIC CRASH FACTOR: DRIVER IMPAIRMENT Driver impairment (alcohol and/or drugs) was a factor in 56% of all fatal traffic crashes on Hawaii Island (see Figure 12). Of those fatal traffic crashes where alcohol and/or drugs were a factor, speed was also considered a factor in 43%. Of the drugs identified in the system of the drivers involved in fatal traffic crashes, the most likely types were stimulants (e.g., methamphetamine) and cannabinoids (e.g., marijuana) (see Figure 13). Map 5 identifies the location of driver impaired fatal traffic crashes. Communities of concern, roadway ownership, and the location of available police stations and hospitals have been delineated as well FIGURE 12. HAWAII ISLAND FATAL TRAFFIC CRASHES BY IMPAIRMENT Fatal Traffic Collision Impairment Y ) Druv(only) AICOh01&Drug. Impaired Driver Fatal Non-Impaired Driver YEAR Alcohol(only) Y Traffic Collisions Fatal Traffic Collisions 2013 4 0 0 2014 0 4 3 2015 4 4 4 2016 3 12 3 • ' 2017 3 13 3 =' 2018 0 12 7 . . 5 10 15 20 25 30 Number of All Fatal Traffic Collisions 141 Fatal Traffic Collisions, Years 2013-2018 Total ON,. 79 Fatal Alchohol/Drug-Related Traffic Collisions DRIVER IMPAIRMENT • • • ' • . IN 56% OF ON FIGURE 13. HAWAII ISLAND FATAL TRAFFIC CRASHES SOURCE OF DRUG IMPAIRMENT Narcotic 7% Cannabinoid • • 5% Stimulant Hallucinogen • _��A 16 MAP 5. DRIVER IMPAIRED FATAL TRAFFIC CRASHES HA I 27 0 25 KAPAAU a Communities of Concern 240 HONOKAA (highest index values are estimated to have a \ the highest socioeconomic need) ' 1.1av`7ait 0et1 i, PAAU I LO f ❑ ■ 070 �a 19 * 19 No Data 1 2 3 4 5 00 Greater *+ 19 1j Need LALIPAHOEHOE (Source:2019 SocioNeeds Index,Ha N Department of Health - Retrieved/ram:hffp:llw,v v.ha-„healthmattersorgl,,d,x php? j.?� mwiWe=indkafors&confro!!er-Index&anon=saioneedsl Jia WAIKOLOA 190 PAPAA baa � HONOMU N OF KAMUELA HAKALAU See Inset Map B x Rd 1°d° PAAUILO j PEPEEKEO KONA \ Na�atlBe\i i' PAPAIKOU _ See Inset Map A INTERNA'"IONAI, k* e_ AIRP)RT ,; 1POHIL0 +m `* ,,IN rERNATIO AL X00) AIRPORT KAILUA ^ KEAAU KONA <uro 6 0 ,;v N HOLUALOA 4:4, VOLCAN 11 30 ”" fT _ _ •�� 30 HAWAII = NATIONAL m CAPTAIN PARK m COOK Q PAHALA 11 _ e PAHALA O 0 INSET • sW )/.o ° 19 a 19G m * N fi ' I RNAT — a I AIR T m Kaiminani Dr = NAALEHU I o' LEGEND INSET MAP A aVF 0.5 0 IMiks • Fatal Alcohol/Drug-Related Traffic Crash C) KU 9, O Fatal Non-Alcohol/Drug-Related Traffic Crash Source:NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System(FARS),2013-2018 yq 19 4 KAILU County Roads(919 miles) f 0 i tea+ State Roads(383 miles) �°.* s a. - Hao Federal Roads(72 miles) AIRPORr Other Roads(1,539 miles) \ Source:State of Hawaii Department of Transportation 0. HILO * Police Station +Hospital Source:Hawaii statewaide GIS program 1 0.5 0 1 Miles FATAL TRAFFIC CRASH FACTOR: ROADWAY VISIBILITY The majority (51%) of fatal traffic crashes on Hawaii Island occurred at nighttime (see Figure 15)which is in line with national averages (47%). The likelihood increases for vulnerable users as 64% of all fatal traffic crashes with pedestrians or bicycles occurred at night. Hawaii County is faced with a number of factors that limit its ability to increase roadway visibility, including limitations on streetlight luminescence levels and hundreds of miles of rural, unlit roadways. Map 6 identifies the location of fatal traffic crashes that occurred during night and day. Communities of concern, roadway ownership, and the location of available police stations and hospitals have been delineated as well. FIGURE 14. HAWAII ISLAND FATAL TRAFFIC CRASHES BY DAY/NIGHT ` Night 51 % YEAR L Night .!:,Day Occurred during nighttime 2013 2014 2015 7Traffic lisions 2016 8 2017 2018 Day 49% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Occurred during Number of All Fatal Traffic Collisions daytime 64% OF ALL FATAL TRAFFIC CRASHES WITH PEDESTRIANS • ' BICYCLES OCCURRED L Night � Day ` Night 64% YEAR Occurred during 2013 nighttime 2014 2rJ 2015 Fatal Traffic Collisions 2016 with Pedestrian or Bicycle 2017 2013-2018 2018 -�= 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 �''� Day 36% Occurred during Number of Fatal Traffic Collisions with Pedestrian or Bicycle daytime 18 27 A I 250 KAPAAU MAP 6. FATAL TRAFFIC CRASHES DURING DAY/NIGHT h Communities of Concern 24 HONOKAA (highest index values are estimated to have a d 4the highest socioeconomic need) geltfZr� PAAUILO ■ ■ ■ a 19 • G* -'1 , > 19 No Data 1 2 3 4 5 WAIMEA ooKALa Greater 19 r Need LAUPAHOEHOE-` (S.' 2 019 socloNeeds Index.Hawai Department of Health * RefneveJfrom:Mtp:llwwwhawairhealthmaflers.o glindexphp? WAI OLOA 190 PAPAALOA ...���. module=indicators8controler=inAex&a ion=saioncedsl vQp. HONOMU O �� va N KAMUELA \ HAKALAU See Inset Map B <Zd o PAAUILO tI PEPEEKEO__ ; ^� Be1c _ z- \ PAPAIKOU _ See Inset Map A KONA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT u ,;;�- �' + * -y✓HILO HILO NrERNATIONAL 0 p AIRPORT x �- KAILUA 1+ t' KEAAU KONA N HOLUALOA _ 11 VOLCANO.. 3 �` •Y �' 132 3T 30 HAWAII NATIONAL CAPTAIN :o PARK ZD COOK PAHALA 11 PAHALA_+ INSET A P B 19 T W 190, s f KO F INTERNAT NA 0 * c} AIS P T `0 Keiminani Or NAALEHU f LEGEND INSET AP a mac O Daytime Fatal Traffic Crash r ir, WAINAKU • Nighttime Fatal Traffic Crash Source:NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System(FARS),2013-2018 ti Hawaii Police Department and National Park Service,2019 ,I s 19 � KAILU r County Roads (919 miles) (ONA HILO State Roads (383 miles) °a'as * INTERNATIONAL,i • AlRP,ORT Federal Roads (72 miles) f. Other Roads (1,539 miles) > HILO P J Source:State of Hawaii Department of Transportation P a,h wo I * Police Station + Hospital Source:Hawai'i statewaide GIS program TI �\ 05�Mles FATAL TRAFFIC CRASH FACTOR: PEAK TRAFFIC HOURS Peak traffic hours are the periods of time where the majority of commuters are on the roads, resulting in higher traffic volumes and congestion. During these periods, more vehicles are on the road, however motor vehicle speeds are typically slower due to congestion. Details on the time of day of the fatal traffic crashes shows that the highest number of crashes occurred outside of peak traffic hours, specifically between 1-4 pm and 7-10 pm (see Figure 15). Map 7 identifies the location of fatal traffic crashes that occurred during the AM and PM peak periods. Communities of concern, roadway ownership, and the location of available police stations and hospitals have been delineated as well. IGURE 15. HAWAII ISLAND FATAL TRAFFIC CRASHES BY PEAK/OFF-PEAK HOURS YEARS 2013-2018) 10 Weekday Weekday Morning Peak Period Evening Peak Period Weekday 9 6:00:00 AM to 3:00:00 PM to 9:00:00 AM 6:00:00 PM _ Weekend 8 N C O a 7 O U 6 P ~ 5 ro i0 LL 4 0 v E 3 Z 2 0 J¢� aBaF Time of the Fatal Crash 4 Am 20 HAT '` MAP 7. FATAL TRAFFIC CRASHES DURING 270 25 KAPAAu PEAK TRAFFIC HOURS i °h Communities of Concern 24 (highest index values are estimated to have HON01<AA the highest socioeconomic need) PAAUILO ❑ oplow 19 No Data 1 2 3 4 5 W OK �. Greater 19 r f+ Need LAUPAHDE (Source:2019 S.—N.ds Index Hawa i Oep.dm t of Health '�n-- �� ~---`- "`� Relrrevedfromhttpl/wwwhowaiihea(fhmohersorg/inder.php� -y'� � �* � ) module=indicalors8conlra(ler=irMerBation=sociamrdsl Jda WA11 OLOA� 190 0 •I__ HONOMV LP r KAMUELA ( HAKALAU N ° See Inset Map B v QJ \d PAAUILO I PEPEEKEO toles mat Be�tRd Na �' PAPAIKOU '� S e Inset Map A KONA INTERNA"IONAL yT / AIRPORT •=\ _ J * °_Y HILO HILO * INTERNATIONAL 0 AIRPORT 'Oo 0 0 *� • �,.. KAILUAAU KONA KLIA To N HOLUALOA �f VOLCANO: 11 30 y � 137 O' • 30 Qa HAWAII = y NATIONAL CAPTAIN PARK m COOK a 11 INSET MAP B 11 r � s 19? J * KON — E 190 m �J INTERNATIQNA m ; F' AIRPORT Y,•� Kaiminani Dr = NAALEH�J LEGEND \I- d • Fatal Speed-Related Traffic Crash INSET MAP A �c5 O Fatal Non-Speed-Related Traffic Crash _ fa Unknown WAIN 441(U Source:NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System(FARS),2013-2018 ' * o 19 y County Roads (919 miles) T4' KAILU ON/� State Roads (383 miles) K*_ �Yac�c 5�.. �^4ha HILO Federal Roads (72 miles) e� * ,INTERNATHNiALI. _AIRPORT Other Roads (1,539 miles) Source:State of Hawai'i Department of Transportation 0 \ Police Station + Hospital Source:Hawai'i statewaide GIS program 1 0.5 0 1 Miles FATAL TRAFFIC CRASH FACTOR: AGE / GENDER Age and gender were analyzed as potential factors for both drivers and victims involved in fatal traffic crashes. It was found that the 20-24 year-old age group had the highest number of fatalities and drivers associated with fatal traffic crashes on Hawaii Island (see Figures 16 and 17 respectively). In comparison to females, males were overwhelmingly more likely to be the fatality or the driver involved in fatal crashes. Traffic crash fatalities by mode showed less of a correlation for pedestrians, bicycles, or motorcycles/mopeds (see Figure 18). FIGURE 16.TRAFFIC CRASH FATALITIES BY AGE/GENDER(YEARS 2013-2018) 5.00 ......................................................................................................................................................................18.00 4.50 ................................................................................................................. .................................................16.00 .: 4.00 ........................................:...,........................................................... 14.00 3.50 ..............................................';............................................. ..... .... ....................................... 12.00 3.00 ... ..... ..... ..... .... .... .... ..... ..... ..... o 76 10.00 LL : 0 2.50 .. -- - l - - -- - 0 04 - v 8.00 ¢ 2.00 -.- a 6.00 1.50 ... ..... ..... ............ 1.00 4.00 0.50 .... ..... ..... ...2.00 0 , 0 <5 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-85 185 Age years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years Population(x1000) --0• Total Fatalities -9-Male --*-Female MALES, AGE 20-24 ♦ ♦ 1 THE HIGHEST LIKELIHOOD OF BEING THE FATALITY ♦ • DRIVER INVOLVED FATAL TRAFFIC FIGURE 17. DRIVERS OF FATAL TRAFFIC CRASHES BY AGE/GENDER(YEARS 2013-2018) 5.0018.00 ........................................................... 4.50 .................. ..... ....... ..... ..... ................................. ..........................16.00 4.00 ....................................... ......�............... ................................................ 14.00 3.50 __ _ t .........._....... _......,.........:........ 12.00 3.00 _._. _.... ..... t },. _.......___.__._..__.... o _. o 10.00 LL 0 2.50 ... ..... c on 2 8.00 ¢' 2.00 ... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ... ..... :ti. ..... .............................. 0 a 6.00 1.50 ... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... .... ..... 1.00 ... ..... ..... ._J _. ..... _...._ t .00 0.50 ... ..... ..... ..... ..... 00 0 <s 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 3034 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-85 >85 0 22 Age years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years � Population(x1000) -6- Total Drivers -6-Male Drivers Female Drivers FIGURE 18. TRAFFIC CRASH FATALITIES By AGE/MODE(YEARS 2013-2018) 4.50 ....... 18.00 4.00 ...................................................................................................................... .................................................. 16.00 Ilk 3.50 --- - .......... ............................................................. ..... ..... ....................................... 14.00 3.00 . ..... .................................. ..... ..... ..... -....... ....................-... 12.00 2.50 ... .... ... ... .... ... ........... ..... ........................................ 10.000 0 u- F2.00 .... ...... ...... ..... ..... ..... &00 1.50 ... .... ...... ...... ..... ..... ................ 6.00 1.00 ----- .. ...... ------ .... ........ ....... ..... --- ----- ...... 4.00 0.50 ... .... ... ... ...... ...... 2.00 0 0 <5 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 3739 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-85 >85 Age years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years Population(x1000) ••••-- Total Fatalities --W--Pedestrian --e— Bicycle --*--Motorcycle --g--Vehicle &Moped FATAL TRAFFIC CRASH FACTOR: DISTRACTED DRIVING Distracted driving refers to the act of driving while engaging in other activities which distract the driver's attention away from the road. It was found that 25% of all fatal traffic crashes between the years 2013-2018 involved distracted driving (see Figure 19). FIGURE 19. HAWAII ISLAND FATAL TRAFFIC CRASHES By DISTRACTED DRIVING Number of All Fatal Traffic Collisions 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 YEAR Crashes due to Distraction 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 141 Fatal Traffic Collisions, Years 2013-2018 Total 23 35 Crashes due to Distraction FATAL TRAFFIC CRASH FACTOR: ROADSIDE CRASHES Roadside crashes are those in which a motor vehicle collides with a stationary object outside of the travelway. It was found that 28% of all fatal traffic crashes between the years 2013-2018 involved a roadside crash (see Figure 20). FIGURE 20. HAWAII ISLAND FATAL TRAFFIC CRASHES BY ROADSIDE ELEMENTS Number of All Fatal Traffic Collisions 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 YEAR Crashes with Roadside Elements 2013 2014 . . 2015 2016 2017 2018 141 Fatal Traffic Collisions, Years 2013-2018 Total 39 Crashes with Roadside Elements FATAL TRAFFIC CRASH FACTOR: MOTOR VEHICLE TYPE The motor vehicle body type involved in the highest number of fatal traffic crashes were light trucks and vans (see Figure 21). However, observationally, with a relatively low number of motorcycles on the road as compared to all other vehicle types, the percentage of motorcycles (13%) involved in fatal traffic crashes is high. IGURE Z1. HAWAI`I ISLAND FATAL TRAFFIC CRASH MOTOR VEHICLE BODY TYPE Type of Motor Vehicles involved in Fatal Crashes (Years 2013-2018) Light Trucks=01*• 'i I and Vans Passenger Cars • KNOW, MotorcycleHeav C Trucks ® (5%) Single Unit \2% Trucks ` J Medium 120 %) 2 /� %) Trucks l 24 FATAL TRAFFIC CRASH FACTOR: MOTOR VEHICLE MODEL YEAR Improvements to motor vehicle design for safety over time have contributed to a decrease in motorist fatalities. Over that same time, the number of pedestrian deaths have increased (see Figure 22). However, a large percentage of motor vehicles involved in fatal traffic crashes on Hawaii Island from 2013 through 2018 were over 10 years old (see Figure 23), thus not fully benefiting from the advancements in motor vehicle safety. FIGURE 22. NATIONAL TRAFFIC FATALITY TRENDS(YEARS 2008-2017) From 2008-2017, pedestrian fataliti?-; increased by 35%. When combined, all other traffic deaths decreased 6% over the same period. • .01SA FIGURE 23. HAWAII ISLAND FATAL TRAFFIC CRASHES BY MOTOR VEHICLE MODEL YEAR(YEARS 2013-2018) 16 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. cn14 -- --- --------------- ------------------- ------ --------- -- ---------------- ------------- ---------------- ---------------- --- ------ ------ -------- a� a� 12 .......................................................................................... ......... ... ......... ... ................................ ............................... > 10 ......................................................................................... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... .......................... ............... .............. 0 0 8 - - 6 o - - °' 4 � 2 ........ .... ......... ......... .......... ... ......... ... .... .... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... z YEAR 198186 87 881990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 OB 09 2010 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Motor Vehicle Model Year 25 r �. p t � . ' h � G` i Jr,.T 4F.fp. .f •�� � t rr. � l 3) ROAD MAPTO CHANGE , Following a proclamation by Mayor Harry Kim in February 2019, the COH took action by establishing a Vision Zero Task Force to develop an action plan for decreasing and eventually eliminating fatalities on Hawaii Island's roadways. This effort coincides with others underway at the County, such as the update of long-range regional planning documents, the General Plan updates of the Community Development Plans, and adoption of the Downtown Hilo Multimodal Master Plan. The COH is simultaneously undertaking the development of a complete streets program, including an updated COH Street Design Manual. Complete Streets & Vision Zero Policy Efforts on Hawaii Islana The State of Hawaii adopted the Hawai'i Complete Streets Act (Act 54) in 2009. It required each County to adopt a complete streets policy that results in a balanced, multimodal transportation network, which meets the needs of all users of streets, roads, and highways, including motorists, pedestrians, bicyclists, children, persons with disabilities, seniors, movers of commercial goods, and users of public transportation. The COH responded to Act 54 by adopting Resolution 171-11 on October 19, 2011, supporting the establishment of a Hawaii County Complete Streets Policy. The COH produced a Complete Streets Program White Paper dated October 2015 that provided an overview of how the COH is approaching complete streets. The COH is currently moving forward with establishment of a complete streets program, including an updated Street Design Manual and other program documents. In May 2019, the State Legislature passed HB 757, which calls for HDOT and the County transportation departments to "adopt a Vision Zero policy that seeks to prevent and ultimately eliminate all traffic fatalities through a combination of engineering, enforcement, education, and emergency response strategies that focus on equity." HB 757 clearly articulates the relationship of complete streets and Vision Zero: "The National Complete Streets Coalition endorses a Vision Zero approach in pursuit of the objective to design streets that prevent traffic injuries and fatalities, particularly for the most vulnerable road users. Over one thousand two hundred jurisdictions in the United States have, through an adoption of complete streets policies, committed to design and operate their streets to provide for the needs of all users of the road, regardless of age, ability, income, or mode of transportation. Vision Zero strategies can be easily integrated into existing complete streets programs." Counties across Hawai'i are working to integrate Vision Zero into complete streets initiatives, as described in this report. The Bill also requires the State Highway Safety Council, in collaboration with each of the County traffic or highway safety councils, to develop a Vision Zero Action Plan, and to report findings to the legislature on or before January 1, 2020. A final report must be presented to the legislature in 2021. In February 2019, Hawaii County's Mayor Harry Kim released a proclamation announcing the formation of a Vision Zero Task Force to develop the County's Action Plan. The Task Force was comprised of agencies and organizations with expertise in transportation, enforcement, education, public health, emergency response, equity, transit, biking and walking. The Task Force met quarterly and prepared the action items for Engineering, Enforcement, Encouragement, Education, and Evaluation, that are included in this Action Plan. These 5 "E's" of traffic safety provide the basis for a safe systems approach to reducing traffic fatalities. Engineering Develop and implement . infrastructure policies to reduce j traffic fatalities and injuries. Education N Educate neighbors of all ages and abilities on best practices to safely use streets. ,0F 61 Enforcement Improve traffic safety - enforcement policies and ~�— practices. Encouragement Promote and encourage behavioral change and participation through new and existing resources, public outreach, and special events. Evaluation Collect data to measure the successes of the multiple strategies being used to help reduce traffic-related fatalities as outlined in Vision Zero. " j r � 1 ' 1 4 i �Y 4) TAKINGACTT0N Vision Zero requires bold action to reach a bold goal. Eliminating ` deaths and life-changing injuries on the transportation system is no small feat. Reaching that goal will take actions not just from COH staff in many different departments, but also from partners and agencies such as HDOT, DOE, DOH, civic groups, as well as Hawaii ' Island residents and visitors.S'afe idi r• _ , TAKING ACTION The actions presented here were developed in concert with partners who will be responsible for helping to execute and support them, including COH departments, partner agencies, institutions and civic groups. Many actions will be on-going. Changing the design of the island's streets is not a one-time step. It must happen consistently over years redesigning existing streets and with construction of new streets. Other actions, such as amending state law regarding BAC limits, may take sustained effort, but they will have a concrete end. Actions are organized into three time frames: short-term (two-year), mid-term (five-year) and long-term (ten-year) actions; this is representative of two, five, and ten year budget cycles respectively. These categories allow for a given action to be completed (one-time actions) or started (on-going actions) within that time frame. Annual reports should be developed to assess the progress made and success of these actions. Reduce Potential Encourage Safer for Conflict Practices Among Between Users People Driving, Walking and Bicycling * ' •* Slow Motor Improve Data Collection Vehicle Speeds '' Processing and Analysis Reduce Driving, Support an Bicycling and Institutional Walking Under Commitment to the Influence Vision Zero 32 • EVALUATION OBJECTIVE: COLLECT DATA TO MEASURE THE SUCCESSES OF VISION ZERO STRATEGIES BEING USED TO HELP REDUCE TRAFFIC-RELATED FATALITIES. KEY IMPLEMENTERS • HFD • DPW • Hawai`i Judiciary • IT • Hawai`i Legislature • HDOT • Hawai`i County Council • DOE . Trauma • Mayor's Office • PATH • HPD GOAL: IMPROVE CRASH DATA QUALITY AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES. SHORTTERM o Create and maintain a comprehensive public website to share crash data and progress on Action Plan Strategies, and solicit feedback on safety concerns, projects and strategies. o Assess Hawai'i Island's transportation network to further refine treatments ® needed to target safety improvement as part of a speed management program. O o Define what is a serious injury crash so that crash audit can be done along with fatal crash audits. o Further analyze crash data against data on vulnerable populations and communities of concern, including homeless populations,to better understand impacts and prioritize equitable solutions. GOAL: REPORT BACK TO THE COMMUNITY ABOUT VISION ZERO PROGRESS. SHORTTERM o Produce an annual Vision Zero Report that includes what engineering work was * done in the past year. MIDTERM o Establish an official crash data source to be used by all County agencies and to provide consistent reporting to the media and in County publications. o Complete updates semi-annually on ongoing projects. o Provide up-to-date data about traffic fatalities and serious crashes. LONG TERM ® o Develop a Countywide atlas that highlights importance of equity metrics. 33 • ENGINEERING . -JECTIVE: CREATE SAFE AND CONVENIENT ENVIRONMENTS TO DRIVE, THROUGH - • OF THE COMPLETE STREETS POLICY AND OTHER TRANSPORTATION INITIATIVES. KEY IMPLEMENTERS • Planning • Prosecutor's Office • DPW • Hawai`i County Council • H DOT • MTA • PATH • DCCA • DOE • AT&T • HPD GOAL: DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE POLICES TO REDUCE TRAFFIC FATALITIES AND INJURIES. SHORTTERM OO o Update Street Design Guidelines to include best practices for safety. O o Prioritize the safety of school aged children by working with Safe Routes to School teams on engineering solutions. o Define and prioritize multimodal safety improvements in communities of concern. LONG TERM O o Develop and adopt a policy to prioritize safety of pedestrian, bicyclist and transit riders. GOAL: EXPLORE EMERGING TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING SAFETY IN THE COUNTY. ON ' O o Require DPW, Planning, Police officials and legislative representatives to attend Vision Zero training. O O o Assess opportunities for automated enforcement and assess effectiveness of existing manual enforcement to improve safety. o Earmark County Gas Tax funds for Vision Zero Project. O o Plan for necessary telecommunication coverage around the island to enable better response during crashes. 34 • ® o Develop carpool/alternative transportation program that increase incentives to encourage mode change. O o Plan for connected/automated vehicles that includes appropriate requirements that will improve safety. GOAL: IMPLEMENT SAFETY TREATMENTS ON KEY CORRIDORS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTY. SHORTTERM Oo Evaluate street design treatments from Complete Street Program toolbox. o Review resurfacing and restriping maintenance projects with the safety of O O all users in mind, prioritize roadway maintenance projects on the High Fatality Network and evaluate lane widths to help reduce speed before completing striping. o Work with HDOT to reduce speeding at high crash areas utilizing street Odesign changes and enforcement when possible. o Conduct safety reviews of the transportation networks in school areas and Ocommunities of concern on a four year cycle. Develop education and engineering recommendations to improve safety for all modes of school travel and prioritize sidewalk infill and maintenance in urban areas. o Add traffic calming measures and informative signage to message safe O ! speeds, reduce speed, increase compliance with traffic laws and inform drivers of enforcement in urban areas. O o Develop lighting guidelines and improve quality of lighting through implementation of LED (while reducing uplight). • o Create a speed management program by performing a Countywide evaluation of speed limits, considering context to explore ways to make changes, developing methodology for data collection, street design changes, etc. v w F= - Y er . 1 • EDUCATION AND ENCOURAGEMENT • NEIGHBORS• EDUCATE OF ALL AGES AND ABILITIES ON BEST PRACTICES TO SAFELY USE STREETS. THROUGH• PROMOTE AND ENCOURAGE BEHAVIORAL CHANGE AND PARTICIPATION • OUTREACH AND SPECIAL EVENTS. KEY IMPLEMENTERS • Planning • Mayor's Office • DPW . MALAC • DLC . PATH • DMV . HPD • IT . HFD • HDOT . Hawai`i Judiciary • DOH . Media • DOE . Trauma GOAL: DEVELOP STANDARD LANGUAGE REGARDING VISION ZERO AND TRAFFIC SAFETY FOR USE BY ALL COUNTY PARTNER AGENCIES WHEN INTERACTING WITH THE MEDIA AND WITH THE PUBLIC DIRECTLY. SHORTTERM ® o Provide training for Public Information Officer staff in relevant departments, such as HPD, DPW, and the Mayor's Office. ® o Promote opportunities for local media to learn from other cities to more accurately report traffic crashes to avoid victim-blaming. •;` o Have local HPD, ER and First Responder staff featured in safety messages. O o Support a culture of safety and community engagement through events and projects at schools and in communities. Work with schools to develop safety PSAs. o Support statewide effort to revise Drivers Ed curriculum and testing to ® !! ` address all modes of transportation, driving under the influence and distracted driving. o Develop branded Vision Zero signage and a traffic safety messaging campaign to be utilized with Vision Zero infrastructure projects and enforcement activities. o Provide educational materials in multiple languages and distribute them through public libraries and social service organizations. 36 ® o Develop partnerships with transit, taxi transportation network companies like Uber and Lyft,to reduce driving under the influence. ® o Deliver"safe server training"for bars and restaurants to promote awareness of safe alternatives to impaired driving. GOAL: INCREASE AMOUNT SPENT,AND PROGRAMS OFFERED FOR SRTS COORDINATION FUNDING WITHIN DPW TO EXPAND BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN EDUCATION PROGRAMS FOR STAFF, STUDENTS, AND FAMILIES. SHORTTERM o Provide bicycling education programs, including a school program to reinforce and encourage safe cycling to school and a program for adult cyclists at all skill levels. o Encourage events such as National Walk to School Day. o Create a self-guided activity toolkit that allows community members to O host their own meeting to discuss safety, rate their neighborhood based on their discussion, identify opportunities and solutions, and report back to COH staff. O o Work with HCC and UH Hilo to create walking, biking and driving safety campaigns. LONG TERM o Explore establishing grant programs for communities and non-profits to advance Vision Zero in their communities, prioritizing grant awards to communities of concern. GOAL: ESTABLISH A COUNTY OF HAWAII WEBSITE FOR VISION ZERO. SHORTTERM ! o Complete updates semi-annually on ongoing projects. o Provide up-to-date data about traffic fatalities and serious crashes. o Identify opportunities for education (bike safety, etc). o Create a Vision Zero concerns map that encourages the public to contribute information about crashes, near misses, and locations with perceived safety issues. o Develop a Countywide atlas that highlights importance of equity metrics. 37 • ENFORCEMENT OBJECTIVES: IMPROVE• • - POLICIES AND PRACTICES. • BUILD CAPACITY FOR IMPROVED DATA COLLECTION • CREATE LAWS FOR IMPROVED SAFETY OF MOTORISTS, PEDESTRIANS, AND BICYCLISTS. • INCORPORATE AUTOMATED ENFORCEMENT. KEY IMPLEMENTERS • HPD • HFD • Hawai`i Judiciary • Hawai`i Legislature • DPW • Hawai`i County Council • HDOT • Trauma • DOH • PATH • Mayor's Office GOAL: ADVOCATE FOR CHANGES AT LEGISLATURE TO ADDRESS ISSUES AROUND INTOXICANTS. SHORTTERM ® o Monitor Oahu study of Red-Light Running cameras. o Lower BAC limit to .05 especially with repeat offenders. o Eliminate time limit for obtaining BAC. ® o Develop a program to test e-warrant system in order to reform DUI standards related to BAC, arrest and adjudication process. o Purchase tools to ascertain evidence of impairment. o Support funding of testing labs around the state. A / / P C GOAL: IMPROVE TRAFFIC SAFETY ENFORCEMENT POLICIES AND PRACTICES. 94 • . ® o Increase partnership between police and trauma personnel to identify and report impairment at hospitals. o Establish a multi-disciplinary review team that activates as soon as possible after the event to identify potential actions the County can take at that or other similar locations to address safety issues.The team should look at all possible causal factors and present findings to the public, and direct enforcement and educational resources to the location. Oit 11 o Establish and share crash map information between departments. o Provide training to officers on existing and new bike and pedestrian laws. o Provide bicyclist and pedestrian awareness training to officers. o Work with PD PIO to prepare media reports that align with Vision Zero communications and messaging. ® o Research and pilot diversion program in lieu of fines to address equity concerns and encourage safe behaviors. Oo Implement dashboard cameras program for police vehicles. o Educate Judges, Police and Prosecutors regarding new safety priorities. Develop evaluation metrics and safeguards against pretextual or discriminatory enforcement. o Focus traffic enforcement on high crash network and on behaviors *10 contributing to fatal and serious injuries vs less serious infractions. o Bring Drug Recognition Expert(DRE)training to Hawai'i County in order to train more officers. o Collect and make available geographic and demographic data on traffic stops and citations to support equity and safeguard against bias in policing. O o Explore expansion of community policing and provide education on community members' role in social norming and community policing. • o Increase number of traffic enforcement positions in Hawaii County. 39 r 2 t � w i t S i •Ys. � t' ,1 i I ftt� r �