PD REVISED RECOMMENDATION REPORT (PL-REZ-2022-015_Amend REZ-05-027)

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TMK: (3)7-3-024:008 Report No . 1760 - 041822 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTARY RESEARCH Most of the following derives from the extensive research by Kelly (1971) done in conjunction with the Kaloko Ahupua'a research of Cordy et al. (1991). Kaloko lies within an area of lava-covered land north of Kailua called Kekaha, which "describes a dry, sun-baked land" (1971:2). Kaloko is well known for its large fishpond for which the ahupua'a is named.The pond is a loko kuapa type (Summers 1964)formed by the construction of a wall,aligned with the adjacent shorelines,across the mouth of a small bay. The fishpond at Kaloko is mentioned in a story told by Kamakau (1961)of a spy sent to Hawaii by the ruling chief of Maui.The spy reported seeing the fishpond upon his return to Maui. Kelly (1971:22) believes this occurred between the late 1600s and early 1700s depending upon the generation span used in calculating chiefly genealogies. A late 1600s reference to Kaloko comes from Fornander (1969) and Kamakau (1964). The twins, Kameeiamoku and Kamanwa, are said to have carried the bones of the ruling chief of Maui, Kahekili,to a cave at Kaloko. Kamakau (1961) reported the subsequent burial of Kamehameha's bones in the same cave by Kameeiamoku's son Hoapili and Ke6p6olani. King David Kalakaua reportedly later removed the bones; however,this account conflicts with informant information and other documents,which suggest the bones were not removed (Kelly 1971:23-25). Ellis(1963)reported the observations of the Reverends Thurston and Bishop during a walk along the coast north from Kailua in 1823.They described houses along the coast built on lava and small gardens in the lava where sweet potatoes,watermelon,and tobacco were grown. In the 1840s, political acts of the Hawaiian Kingdom government would change the land tenure system in Hawai'i. All lands were segregated into one of three categories: "Crown Lands" owned by the occupant of the throne,"Government Lands"controlled by the state,and"Konohiki Lands"controlled by the chiefs;and "were all subject to the rights of native tenants" (Chinen 1958:29, Beamer 2014:143). In 1846, King Kamehameha III appointed a Board of Commissioners commonly known as the Land Commissioners, to "confirm or reject all claims to land arising previously to the 101h day of December,AD 1845." Notices were frequently posted in The Polynesian (Moffat and Kirkpatrick 1995); however, the legislature did not acknowledge this act until June 7, 1848(Chinen 1958:16; Moffat and Kirkpatrick 1995:48-49)and the act is known today as The Great Mahele. In 1850, the Kingdom government passed laws allowing foreigners to purchase fee simple lands (Speakman 2001:91). The Kuleana Act of 1850 allowed for fee simple land ownership by commoners. The Waihona 'Aina (2000) Mahele Database; which is a compilation of data from the Indices of Awards (Indices 1929), Native Register(NR n.d.), Native Testimony(NT n.d.), Foreign Register(FR n.d.)and Foreign Testimony (FT n.d.); lists 23 Land Commission Award (LCA) parcels that were claimed in Kaloko (Table 1). Of these, only 13 were subsequently awarded, including the majority of the ahupua'a awarded to Lot Kamehameha, the grandson of Kamehameha I (LCA7715H). Kelly (171:5) cites correspondence indicating that Kaloko was Lot Kamehameha's most valuable property because of the fishpond,and that fish from the pond were sold in the market in Kailua town in 1860. The remaining LCA parcels that were awarded in Kaloko range in area from 1.8 to 7.0 acres, and were received between 1819 and 1840. According to Kelly (1971:6-8), the awarded claims in Kaloko are all situated inland between 1,100 ft and 1,800 ft elevation. None of the Land Commission Awards are present in the current project area. Kelly(1971:12)cites missionary and later census data that documents a decline in the population of North Kona in the 1800s.The Hawaiian Kingdom Directory for 1880-1881 lists a blacksmith and a coffee planter in upland Kaloko along the government road (Kelly 1971:13). In 1906, Kaloko was sold to John A. Maguire HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 6