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HomeMy WebLinkAboutPD BACKGROUND REPORT (PL-REZ-2022-000020) BRJLLLCREZ.06/02/2022 COUNTY OF HAWAI`I PLANNING DEPARTMENT BACKGROUND REPORT RJL, LLC CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (PL-REZ-2022-000020) RJL, LLC has submitted an application for a Change of Zone from an Agricultural 3-acre (A- 3a)to a Single-Family Residential-15,000 square feet(RS-15) zoning district for approximately 13.838 acres of land. The property is located along the southwest corner of the Haihai Street— Ainaola Drive intersection, Waiakea Homesteads 2nd Series, South Hilo, Hawaii, TMK: 2-4-039:025. REQUEST 1. Proposed Development: The applicant is requesting a change of zone from Agricultural 3-acre (A-3a)to Single-Family Residential 15,000 square feet(RS-15)to subdivide the property into thirty-three (33) lots. According to the application, the subdivided lots will be sold on the open market to the general public. The proposed subdivision will be accessed via Haihai Street and Ainaola Drive. Two (2) cul-de-sacs will be built within the subdivision to access various lots. All newly created roadways will be constructed to County dedicable standards, with the exception of one (1)20-foot wide non-dedicable cul-de-sac, which will be a private road. All lots will have County water and the subdivision will have fire hydrants, as well as overhead utility lines for power,phone and cable services. There is no County sewer system in the area, therefore owners will construct individual septic wastewater systems meeting with the approval of the Department of Health. According to the Zoning Code, the Single-Family Residential zoning district provides for lower or low and medium density residential use, for urban and suburban family life. It also applies to areas having facilities to carry out the above stated purposes. Requirements for establishing a land use in the RS district, including a list of the variety of permitted uses, are shown in Section 25-5-1 to 25-5-8 of the Zoning Code. (Planning Department Exhibit 1-Zoning Code Requirements for Single- Family Residential Districts) -1- 2. Timeframe and Cost: The applicant hopes to secure the necessary County rezoning approvals as soon as possible. The applicant hopes to obtain final subdivision approval in 5 years. The estimated cost of the improvements for the project is approximately $4 million. 3. Supportive Information: The applicant has submitted the attached in support of the request(Planning Department Exhibit 2 - Change of Zone Application dated March 14, 2022). 4. Landowner: RJL, LLC. STATE AND COUNTY PLANS 5. State Land Use Designation: Urban. 6. General Plan LUPAG Map: Low Density Urban. 7. Hilo Community Development Plan: The Hilo CDP, adopted by Resolution No. 1 on May 21, 1975, identified the area as RS-10 zoning for single-family residential development. 8. County Zoning: Agricultural 3-acre (A-3a). 9. Special Management Area: The SMA is a part of the Coastal Zone Management Program regulated by the County. The project site is located more than three miles from the shoreline and is not in the SMA. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT SITE AND SURROUNDING AREA 10. Subject Property: The property is irregular in shape with approximately 930 feet frontage along Haihai Street and 496 feet of frontage along Ainaola Drive. The topography slopes downward from mauka to makai with grades not exceeding 10 percent. The property was part of a subdivision in 2018 (SUB 18-01791), which subdivided TMK: 2-4-039:025 into two (2)parcels, including the subject parcel. The subject property is currently vacant of uses and structures. The property has been previously cleared and is overgrown with non-native plants and other invasive species. -2- 11. Surrounding Zoning and Land Uses: The area is predominantly urban and residential in character with some agricultural lots. Properties to the west are zoned Single-Family Residential (RS-15). Properties to the north, south and east are zoned Agricultural (A-3a & A-la). The majority of the area is within the State Land Use Urban district, including the subject property. There is a remnant parcel ("Camp 5-A" and TMK: 2-4-039:002) which is owned by the State of Hawaii and is located between a portion of the subject parcel frontage with Ainaola Drive. 12. ALISH: Existing Urban Development. 13. Land Study Bureau's Productivity Rating: Existing Urban Development. 14. U.S. Soil Survey: The soils on the subject property are classified as Panaewa very cobbly hydrous loam 2 to 10 percent slopes. This soil consists of moderately well drained, extremely stony hydrous loam soils over pahoehoe lava. 15. FIRM: The property is mainly located within Flood Zone 'W', which is an area outside of the 500-year flood plain. There is a portion of the property associated with a branch of the Palai Stream that runs in a south to north direction through the property, which is within the Flood Zone "AO", which is the special flood hazard area that corresponds to the areas of one-hundred-year shallow flooding (usually sheet flow on sloping terrain) where average depths are between one to three feet. Lastly, there is a small portion within the subject property that is in Flood Zone"AH", which is a special flood hazard area that corresponds to the areas of one-hundred-year shallow flooding (usually areas of ponding)where average depths are between one and three feet. (Planning Department Exhibit 3 —FIRM Map dated June 21, 2022) In order to manage floodways in the area, the applicant is willing to construct a new underground culvert system that will channel the floodwaters along the property's eastern boundaries along Ainaola Drive for disposal into the existing culvert system maintained by the County at the Haihai Street-Ainaola Drive intersection. 16. Flora/Fauna: No professional surveys were conducted of the site. The property has been previously cleared and is overgrown with non-native plants and other invasive species. The property is located in an urban setting in an area dominated by single-family residential uses. The applicant does not believe that rare or endangered floral or faunal -3- resources are on the site. According to the Department of Land and Natural Resources Division of Forestry and Wildlife (DOFAW)the Hawaiian Hoary Bat or `Ope`ape`a (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) could potentially occur in the vicinty of the project area and may roost in nearby trees. Bat birthing and pup rearing season spans from June 1st through September 15th. Finally, DOFAW reported that the Hawaiian Duck, Hawaiian Stilt, Hawaiian Coot, Hawaiian Goose (Nene) and the Hawaiian Hawk(`Io) as possibly occuring in the vicinty of the project area. It is against State law to harm or harass this species. DOFAW has provided guidance on measures to avoid and minimize impacts to the listed species, in addition to guidance on avoiding the spread of invasive species and pathogens. 17. Archaeological/Historical Resources: An Archaeological Inventory Survey (AIS) was conducted of the property in 2015, which found one site with 41 features associated with the Waiakea Mill Company. The site was assessed as significant under Criterion d for the information they have yielded about the twentieth century cultivation of sugarcane within the Waiakea Ahupua`a. No further preservation work was recommended for the site. By letter dated June 3, 2022, the DLNR-SHPD determined that no historic properties would be affected. Additionally, the applicant has stated that should any inadvertent discoveries be made during any land disturbance activity relating to this project, work will cease, and the applicant will immediately notify the Planning Department and the State DLNR- SHPD and secure their clearance before proceeding. 18. Cultural or Native Gathering Rights: According to the applicant, it is not known whether the subject property or immediate surrounding area have been used in the recent past for the gathering of plants by Native Hawaiians. The applicant has not observed any Native Hawaiians on the site or adjoining properties gathering plants and there is no evidence of any traditional and customary Native Hawaiian rights being practiced on the site, nor existence of any known valued cultural, historical or native resources in the area. 19. Public Access: There is no record of a designated public access to the shoreline or mountain areas that traverses the property. -4- 20. Civil Defense Sirens: There is a Civil Defense siren in the immediate area, located at Ahualani Park in the Ahualani subdivision, approximately 2,180 feet to the north of the subject property. 21. Traffic: Section 25-2-46 (d) (1) of the concurrency provision requires a Traffic Impact Analysis Report(TIAR) as part of any rezoning application in situations where the projected use can generate 50 or more peak hour trips. Given the scale and scope of the proposed project, a TIAR was not performed as the project conforms to the County`s concurrency requirements. The applicant anticipates approximately 33 peak hour vehicle trips, which is below the 50 peak hour trip benchmark which would require the preparation of a TIAR. PUBLIC UTILITIES AND SERVICES 22. Access: Access is proposed from Haihai Street and Ainaola Drive which are both maintained by the County and are major collector roadways. Haihai Street has a 24-foot- wide pavement with three (3)to four(4)-foot-wide shoulders within a 60-foot right-of- way and Ainaola Drive has a 20-foot-wide pavement within a 50-foot right-of-way. Additionally, there is a 5-foot future road widening setback along the property's boundary with Ainaola Drive. As stated previously, the proposed subdivision will be accessed via Haihai Street, via the Kikaha Street extension. Ho`olala Street will also be extended creating the main ingress and egress points to the subdivision and will be extended to intersect with Ainaola Drive. Ho`olala Street will be 20 feet wide with 15- foot shoulders. There will be two (2) cul-de-sacs built within the subdivision to access various lots. One cul-de-sac located off of Kikaha Street will be 20 feet with 15-foot- wide shoulders. The second cul-de-sac will be 20 feet with combined travel lane width of 16 feet. All newly created roadways will be constructed to County dedicable standards, except for one (1) cul-de-sac, which will be a private road. Based on the proposed zoning, the Department of Public Works-Engineering Division (DPW)recommends that all driveway connections and construction within Haihai Street and Ainaola Drive conform to Chapter 22, County Streets, of the Hawaii County Code. Futhermore, based on the proposed zoning request, DPW recommends that the applicant provide improvements to the subject property's Ainaola Drive frontage consisting of, but -5- not limited to,pavement widening with paved shoulders and swales, drainage improvements, signs and markings, streetlights, any necessary safety devices (i.e. guardrails) and any relocation of utilities, meeting the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act and the approval of the Department of Public Works. DPW also recommended that the applicant install streetlights and traffic control devices as may be required by the DPW-Traffic Division. The applicant shall be responsible for the design, purchase, and installation of such devices. 23. Water: County water can be made available from the end of an existing 6-inch waterline within Ho`olala Street and Kikaha Street which fronts the subject parcel. According to the Department of Water Supply, an existing water commitment for 32 additional units of water for the proposed development was granted until May 31, 2025. Additionally, DWS also stated that final subdivision approval will be subject to compliance requirements to construct any necessary water system improvements and dedication requirements. (Planning Department Exhibit 4 -DWS Letter Dated May 4, 2022) 24. Wastewater: According to the Department of Environmental Management, there is no County sewer system in the area. The lot owners will need to construct individual septic wastewater systems meeting with the approval of the Department of Health. 25. Solid Waste: There is no municipal waste collection services in the County. According to the applicant, solid waste will be handled by commercial haulers, who will dispose of the refuse at authorized landfill sites. 26. Essential Utilities and Services: Electricity and telephone services are available to the site. The nearest fire station is located on Haihai Street approximately one mile from the site. The police station is located in downtown Hilo, approximately three miles from the property. Public schools are located less than three miles from the site. AGENCIES' AND ORGANIZATIONS' COMMENTS 27. Department of Public Works: (Planning Department Exhibit 5 —April 13, 2022 Memo) 28. Department of Water Supply: (Planning Department Exhibit 6—April 1, 2022 Memo) -6- 29. Department of Environmental Management: (Planning Department Exhibit 7 — April 1, 2022 Memo) 30. Police Department: (Planning Department Exhibit 8 —March 29, 2022 Memo) 31. Department of Health: (Planning Department Exhibit 9 —December 21, 2021 Memo) 32. Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division: (Planning Department Exhibit 10 —June 3, 2022 Letter) 33. Department of Land and Natural Resources-Forestry and Wildlife Division: (Planning Department Exhibit 11 —April 22, 2022 Memo) 34. Department of Land and Natural Resources-Engineering Division: (Planning Department Exhibit 12—March 24, 2022 Memo) AGENCIES -NO RESPONSE 35. Department of Parks and Recreation, Fire Department, Office of Housing and Community Development. APPLICANT'S RESPONSE TO AGENCY COMMENTS 36. Letter from Daryn Arai, Planning Consultant in response to agency comments. (Planning Department Exhibit 13 —Letter dated June 8, 2022) PUBLIC COMMENTS 37. As of this writing, the Planning Department has not received any written comments or objections from the general public or adjacent landowners on the request. -7- ZONING § 25-4-68 Section 25-4-68. Grounds for approval or denial. The director shall approve an application for recognition of a de minimis structure position discrepancy unless: (a) The discrepancy is greater than the difference as allowed by the de minimis structure position discrepancy definition, or (b) The director finds that the improvement was placed with knowledge that it would violate the minimum yard or open space requirements; or (c) The improvement could be moved, or the discrepancy otherwise corrected, without significant expense, difficulty, or hardship to the applicant. (2002, ord 02-70, sec 3.) Section 25-4-69. Recognition of de minimis structure position discrepancy. If the director accepts the application for recognition of de minimis structure position discrepancy, the director shall notify the applicant in writing that the discrepancy is not a violation of the zoning code and that it may remain in place without a variance. (2002, ord 02-70, sec 3.) Section 25-4-70. Disclosure. A de minimis structure position discrepancy shall be disclosed by the owner to subsequent purchasers of the property in question. (2002, ord 02-70, sec 3.) Section 25-4-71. Appeals. The director's decision with respect to a de minimis structure position discrepancy is appealable to the board of appeals. (2002, ord 02-70, sec 3.) Article 5. Zoning District Regulations. Division 1. RS, Single-Family Residential Districts. Section 25-5-1. Purpose and applicability. The RS (single-family residential) district provides for lower or low and medium density residential use, for urban and suburban family life. It applies to areas having facilities, and to carry out the above stated purpose. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-5-2. Designation of RS districts. Each RS (single-family residential) district shall be designated on the zoning map by the symbol "RS" followed by a number which specifies the required minimum building site area in thousands of square feet. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) 25-73 Planning Dept. Exhibit __. 1 § 25-5-3 HAWAI`I COUNTY CODE Section 25-5-3. Permitted uses. (a) The following uses shall be permitted in the RS district: (1) Adult day care homes. (2) Cemeteries and mausoleums, as permitted under chapter 6, article 1 of this Code. (3) Community buildings, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (4) Crop production. (5) Dwellings, single-family. (6) Family child care homes. (7) Group living facilities. (8) Home occupations, as permitted under section 25-4-13. (9) Meeting facilities. (10) Model homes, as permitted under section 25-4-8. (11) Neighborhood parks, playgrounds, tennis courts, swimming pools, and similar neighborhood recreational areas and uses. (12) Public uses and structures, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (13) Short-term vacation rentals situated in the general plan resort and resort node areas. (14) Temporary real estate offices, as permitted under section 25-4-8. (15) Utility substations, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (b) In addition to those uses permitted under subsection (a) above, the following uses may be permitted in the RS district, provided that a use permit is issued for each use: (1) Bed and breakfast establishments as permitted under section 25-4-7. (2) Care homes. (3) Churches, temples and synagogues. (4) Crematoriums, funeral homes, funeral services, and mortuaries. (5) Day care centers. (6) Golf courses and related golf course uses, including golf driving ranges, golf maintenance buildings and golf club houses, provided that the property is within the state land use urban or rural district. Golf courses and golf driving ranges shall not be permitted within the state land use agricultural district unless approved by the County before July 1, 2005. (7) Hospitals, sanitariums, old age, convalescent, nursing and rest homes. (8) Medical clinics. (9) Schools. (10) Telecommunication antennas and towers. (11) Yacht harbors and boating facilities. (c) Buildings and uses normally considered directly accessory to the uses permitted in this section shall also be permitted in the RS district. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999; am 2012, ord 12-28, sec 3; am 2014, ord 14-86, sec 3; am 2018, ord 18-114, sec 5; am 2019, ord 19-100, sec 3; am 2021, ord 21-26, sec 5.) Section 25-5-4. Height limit. The height limit in the RS district shall be thirty-five feet. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) SUPP. 10 (7-2021) 25-74 Daryn Arai Land Use Planning Consultant March 14, 2022 Mr. Zendo Kern, Director County of Hawaii Planning Department 101 Pauahi Street,Suite 3 Hilo, HI 96720 Dear Director Kern: Subject: Change of Zone Application Applicant: RJL, LLC. Request A-3a to RS-15 TMK: 2-4-039: 025; `Waiakea Homesteads 2`1 Series, Waiakea, South Hilo Accompanying this letter, we present for your consideration and processing before the Windward Planning Commission and Hawaii County Council a request by RJL, LLC for a change of zone for 13.838-acres of land to the Single Family Residential (RS-15) zoning district in support of a proposed 33-lot subdivision consisting of parcels at least 15,000 square feet in size. The subject property is located within the City of Hilo in the upper Waiakea area, at the southwestern corner of the Haihai Street and Ainaola Drive intersection. Pursuant to your application requirements to be filed via the EPIC system, please find accompanying this letter the following: a. Original of the completed Change of Zone application form, questionnaire, and Background and County environmental report that includes a location map and site plan; b. Description of the subject property in map and written form by metes & bounds as prepared by a licensed surveyor; c. Real Property Tax clearance form; and d. List of the surrounding property owners within 300 feet of the subject property. Should you have questions on this matter, please feel free to contact me. Thank you very much. Sincerely, Daryn Arai copy via email: RJL, LLC P.O.BOX 4501,HILO FIAWAII 96720 PHONE:(808)895-3218 ENWL:UARYi\1.ARAlaJOt1'rLOOK.(,O.`I Planning Dept. Exhibit 2 CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION Applicant : RJL, LLC Request : A-3a to RS-15 Tax Map Keys: (3) 2-4-039.025 Waiakea Homesteads, 211 Series, Waiakea, South Hilo Hawaii Island Prepared by: daryn Arai, Planning Consultant March 2022 CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT (Type or feu IbIv 1)riiit the requested information} APPLICANT: PI.H . 1.1.0 APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE: (see attached letter) DATE:10arch 4, 2022 ADDRESS: 32 Poko Place Hilo, HI 96720 LIST APPLICANT'S INTEREST IF NOT OWNER: LIST PRINCIPAL(S) INCLUDING NAMES OF MAIN OFFICERS: (see attached letter) PHONE:(Bus.) (808)498-6247 (Res.} (Fax)laurie.higashi@gmail.com LANDOWNER(S): RJL, LLC LANDOWNER SIGNATURE(S): (see attached letter) DATE:March 4, 2022 (Ma(Mav be hv lc((er) LANDOWNER(S)ADDRESS: 32 Poko Place Hilo, Ill 96720 REQUEST: Agricultural-3 acres (A-3a) TO Single-Fatnily Residential—15.000sf(RS-15) (Proposed Zoning) TAX MAP KEY: (3) 2 - 4 - 039 : 025 STREET ADDRESS OF PROPERTY: SIZE OF PROPERTY OR AFFECTED AREA(S) TO BE REZONED: 13.838 acres AGENT: Daryn Arai ADDRESS: PO Box 4501 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 email: Daryn.Arai@outlook.com TELEPHONE:(Bus.) (808) 895-3218 (Res.} (Fax} Please indicate to whom original correspondence and copies should be sent. ORIGINAL: Applicant COPIES: Agent TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: 4 The undersigned below are the current principals of RJL, LLC, owner of that 13.838-acre property identified as TMK: 2-4-039:025 and located within Waiakea Homesteads 2"d Series in the City of Hilo,South Hilo. As owners of the subject property, we hereby authorize the filing of a Change of Zone application to rezone said property into the Single-Family Residential-15,000 square-foot minimum lot size (R5-15) zoning district in order to facilitate its development into a 33-lot single family residential subdivision. 6y this letter, we also authorize Daryn Arai, Land Use Planning Consultant, to assist us with the processing of this application before the County of Hawai'i. i Laure Higashi, Member of RJL, LLC Date 4 _ - Roland Higashi, Member of RJL, LLC Date 3�z�Z: , Janice Higashi, Member of RJL, LLC Date t • S s t 4 I i DocuSign Envelope ID:44260269-B114-4FF7-8607-A66COC71BSE3 ATTACHMENT Residential Rezoning PLANNING DEPARTMENT COUNTY OF HAWAII APPLICATION FOR CHANGE OF ZONE 1. If your request is approved, do you intend to subdivide the subject land in accordance with the approved change ofzone? Yes If yes, please answer the rest of question 1 and then to question 3 a. How many acres of the requested area do you intend to subdivide? 13.838 b. Into what lot sizes? 15.000sf C. If your request is approved, approximately how long after the date of approval do you expect to submit your subdivision plans to the Planning Department for preliminary approval? 1 year d. Do you intend to build houses on the newly created lots? No if yes, please answer the following questions: on how many of those lots? At what approximate price range? House Lots Total Approximately how long, after approval of the subdivision, would the first house be available for occupancy? _ If you intend to subdivide, please submit a preliminary schematic subdivision plan together with your change of zone application form. - 1- DocuSign Envelope ID:44260269-B114-4FF7-8607-A66COC71BSE3 2. If you have no firm plans of subdividing the subject area, do you intend to: a. Sell or lease the land to someone who has firm plans? N/A b. Sell or lease the land t❑ someone who has tentative plans? N/A c. Sell or Iese the land to someone who has no plans? N/A d. Keep it? N/A e. other (please state) f. If you intend to do either a, b, or c, please elaborate an the kind of plans the other party has. Please, also, include in your answer approximately how soon after approval of your rezoning do you expect to transfer the subject land to another party. 3. Do you think that your request and your further plans for the land will alleviate the local housing condition? Yes How? It will not totally alleviate the housing situation that is experiencing limited inventory, but it will help by offering homesites within the Ci,y of Hilo. Additional inventory will hopefully help moderate current exorbitant prices. 4. Are there any buildings an the subject area? No If so,what kind? What do you intend to do with those buildings if your request is approved? - 2 - DocuSign Envelope ID:44260269-B114-4FF7-8607-A66COC71BSE3 5. Is the subject land currently being used for any agricultural activity? No If so, please list the kinds of products grown and an how many square feet or acres of land per product. 6. To your knowledge, has there been any flooding and/or drainage problems an the subject area? Yes If so, please described the problem. Area subject to sheet flaws from an defined FEMA Floodway that bisects property. Applicant will capture this sheet flow in underground culverts and dispose of within existing downstream channels. There may be culvert improvements along Haihai Street if recommended by DPW. 7. Do you think that the roads leading to the subject area needs improvement? No If so,what kind? Is the road adequate for the proposed traffic volume or load? Yes 8. What sort of governmental assistance and/or improvements do you feel will be needed in the subject area when developed? Yes No a. Schools X b. Roads X C. Sewer X d. Drainage X e. Police Protection X - 3 - DocuSign Envelope la:44260269-Bh 14-4FF7-8607-A66COC7I B6E3 Yes No f, Fire Protection X g. Recreational Facilities X h. Public Utilities X i. Other X For those checked "yes", please elaborate what type or kinds of improvements and/or assistance is needed. rr --D,,oc11,u�Signed by; Signature: t� C SL 76BC248666764A7... Address: 32 Poko P1 , Hilo HI 96720 Telephone: 808-499-6247 Date: 3/2/2022 6337A/50A P.D. 5/84 -4- Table of Contents A. DETAILS OF PROPOSED USE/ DEVELOPMENT..............................................................................1 1. Applicant's Request ..........................................................................................................................1 2. Location of Project Site.....................................................................................................................1 3. Statement of Objectives and reasons for the request......................................................................2 4. Proposed Project Details...................................................................................................................2 5. Timeframe and cost..........................................................................................................................5 B. HISTORICAL PROPERTY INFORMATION.......................................................................................15 6. September 26, 2019: Subdivision No. 18-001791 2"d REV...............................................................5 7. September 21, 2023: Subdivision No. 21-002023 REV....................................................................5 C. LAND USE AND OTHER REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS..............................................................5 8. State Land Use Designation..............................................................................................................5 9. Current County Zoning.....................---.............................................................................. .............5 10. General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map.......................................................7 11. Coastal Zone Management, HRS, Chapter 205A...............................................................................7 12. Special Management Area (SMA).....................................................................................................8 D. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY AND SURROUNDING AREA...............................................................8 13. Project Site........................................................................................................................................8 14. Surrounding Zoning/Land Uses.........................................................................................................8 15. ALISH.................................................................................................................................................9 16. US Soil Survey................................. ...••••.................•..•••--•......-•..-••.-•••--.-•..................--•.......•......10 17. FI RM................................................................................................................................................10 18. Flora/Fauna Resources....................................................................................................................11 19. Archaeological Resources................................................................. .............................................11 20. Cultural or Native Gathering Rights................................................................................................11 21. Coastal Hazards...............................................................................................................................12 22. Public Access...................................................................................................................................12 E. PUBLIC UTILITIES AND SERVICES...................................................................................I............12 23. Access:............. ....... .......----...... ............................ .......12 24. Traffic:.............................................................................................................................................12 25. Water..............................................................................................................................................12 26. Wastewater.....................................................................................................................................13 27. Essential Utilities and Services........................................................................................................1-3 29. Public Safety......................................................... ....... ................................................................-13 F. STATEMENT IN SUPPORT OF CHANGE OF ZONE REQUEST..........................................................14 30. HAWAI'I COUNTY GENERAL PLAN..................................................................................................14 31. PUBLIC SERVICES AND UTILITIES.....................................................................................................15 32. COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT......................................................................................................17 33. CONCLUSION.......................•--.-•-•••••.-••---.•-••--•---••--••-•••-•...••-•-..........................----..........................18 COUNTY ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT IN SUPPORT OF CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION FOR RJ L, LLC Affecting Tax Map Key: (3) 2-4-039: 025; Waiakea Homesteads 2nd Series, Waiakea, South Hilo A. DETAILS OF PROPOSED USE/ DEVELOPMENT 1. Applicant's Request RJL, LLC, hereinafter referred to as "Applicant", is requesting a change of zone for 13.838 acres of land, hereinafter referred to as "Project Site", from an. Agricultural- 3 acres (A-3a) to a Single-Family Residential-15,000 square feet minimum lot size (RS-15) zoning district in order to allow for the subdivision of the subject property into 33 single- family residential lots with lot sizes ranging from a minimum of 1S,000 square feet to just under 31,000 square feet. 2. Location of Project Site The Project Site is located within the upper part of the City of Hilo approximately 3.25 miles south from Downtown Hilo and within the Waiakea Homesteads 2nd Series. More specifically, the Project Site is located at the southwestern corner of the Haihai Street and Ainaola Drive intersection and identified as Tax Map Key No. 2-4-039:025, as shown below in Figure 1 —Regional Location Map and Figure 2 —Area Location Map. - w — - waoJecr SITE Figure 1—Regional Location Map 1 Page L11y __ v _ GG L H HO z W a o y df X . !01- HAJ A] 0 - -'CHANCE C3 s Y QW SIT d TTT HOMESTEA^G3 `rr SECOND SERIES _ � US l_, g a LOCATION MAP Scala:1 in.=1000 ft. Figure 2—Area Location Map 3. Statement of Objectives and reasons for the request The reason and objective for the requested change of zone is to allow for the development of a 33 single-family subdivision with lots to be sold to the general public in order to provide additional housing opportunities for island residents. The median sale price of single-family dwellings on Hawaii Island increased 20% between anuary 2021 and January 2022, primarily due to the lack of inventory. The Project Site, situated within that portion of the City of Hilo that has been long-established as a residential community, is an appropriate location to provide for additional housing opportunities for our island residents. 4. Proposed Project Details (see Figure 3 —Proposed Subdivision Plan) a. Proposed "Hikina Lani" subdivision: subdivision of 13.838-acre property into 33 lots ranging from a minimum of 15,000 square feet to just under 31,000 square feet. 2 Page b. Project site improvements: i. Primary Access: Haihai Street and Ainaola Drive, both County-maintained major collector roadway, will provide for primary access to the Project Site. ii. Interior Subdivision Access: Interior access to proposed lots will be provided by the following roadway improvements: • extension of existing 50-foot wide Ho`olala Street to intersect with Ainaola Drive and providing for a combined travel lane width of 20 feet with 15-foot wide shoulders per DPW Standard Detail R-18. This road segment will be dedicated to the County. • new cul-de-sac off of Kikaha Street providing for a combined travel lane width of 20 feet with 15-foot wide shoulders per DPW Standard Detail R-18. This road segment will be dedicated to the County. • A 20-foot wide non-dedicable street, with combined travel lane width of 16 feet, will provide access to 6 lots located at the extreme southern end of the Project Site. iii. Water system: Discussion with the Departmeit of Water Supply has confirmed that the water system in the area is adequate to provide the 33 units of water and fire suppression flow to support the proposed subdivision action. iv. Drainage: Proposed drainage improvements within the proposed subdivision will capture and eliminate the existing FEMA floodway traversing through the Project Site. The Applicant intends to capture flows within the existing FEMA floodway and divert it into a system of underground culverts that will transport the floodwaters along the Ainaola Drive boundary of the Project Site and dispose of it into the existing culvert system located at the Haihai Street-Ainaola Drive intersection. These proposed drainage improvements are intended to effectively eliminate the existing FEMA floodway flows within the Project Site through the issuance of a Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR) as part of the subdivision process. V. Electrical and Communication utilities: Overhead electrical and communication utilities will be provided to serve the proposed subdivision. 3 x� LJ _ n x ¢ [ r i [1 °aw= Z LLJ = �'OC¢7ztM z Z QLL=n0q 0 t J�0mmc� _ � r LL 4. 0 a z <�� dr Z, -yyg- O�ryox \ Q W H Y N rt } - a � f°z g'S 8 ifi .} ; 21, �E oo� 3 0 ! 1. 0. •W -last--- tir.. � e, aF •, r M^� r `ky� � -,p5- .l ! -. � s - �:z«1"rM-gp w S O1�•�yr� `��9� � r� �,. rr5, ��.�.�� •, .'9 iIF-_._..__ire..._ �%....I 'G` 4,ei - r �atow : I,g • d ....,.�� n qYe f ..t2t7 � �I � ES mn �'arace8 is Al �� are RY O ; F ii ofCa "�� I Is A F a.,4,45 v nx!x. � r vea oen a«wv '.�_... 8 r• .._._..� _ ......_�. ',� '�' �� inn ..w�.i$, r�P "`"_. i .. 1116 91 gg Figure 3 - Proposed Subdivision Plan 4 Page S. Timeframe and cost Upon approval of the change of zone request, the Applicant will promptly file a subdivision application with approval anticipated within five (5) years from the effective date of the requested zone change. Estimated development costs is in the neighborhood of$4 million. B. HISTORICAL PROPERTY INFORMATION 6. September 26, 2019: Subdivision No. 18-001791 2nd REV The Project Site was once part of a larger parcel consisting of 26.6 acres, subdivided into two bulk lots consisting of 12.728 acres (Lot 1-13-1) and 13.888 (Lot 1-B-2/Project Site). 7. September 21, 2023: Subdivision No. 21-002023 REV Modification of Project Site to carve out a small 2,175 square foot road lot to accommodate an adjoining subdivision action, resulting in current land area of 13.838 acres. C. LAND USE AND OTHER REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS 8. State Land Use Designation: Urban. The subject property is situated within an area designated for Urban uses by the State Land Use Commission. Figure 4—State Land Use 9. Current County Zoning: Agricultural-3 acres minimum lot size (A-3a) The Agricultural (A) zoning district provides for agricultural and very low density agriculturally-based residential use, encompassing rural areas of good to marginal agricultural and grazing land, forest land, game habitats, and areas where urbanization is not found to be appropriate. (see Figure 5 —Current Area Zoning) The concurrency provision of Section 25-2-46 of the Hawaii County Zoning Code establishes standards for roads, water supply, and civil defense sirens that must be met and/or addressed as part of all rezoning applications. Suffice to say, the request is consistent with these standards and will be discussed in detail relative to the water, traffic, and public safety portions of this report. 5 � � rwevs.a•F 5r Wyss _.. �� .. ,u,� ra x- 4 f] � YpYp L 1 ' 1 r PROJECT SITE 4 it Y= Figure 4—State Land Use a � � ...y � 5.x 5 1 RS,IP ..... &S I r, .. I I. MM q 5• FA•3J n 3if— 4t.a •:• a I.. A IxA]d T ��' ?.A fia •i kx .a.��, .. �S i['`F.:•i PROJECT 51TE { �. n w.rrr ate. - :. I .. c:s�::�,• '� cWtu RA :? I — I Figure 5—Current Area Zoning 6 Page 10. General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide [LUPAG] Map: Low Density Urban The County of Hawaii General Plan is the policy document for the long-range comprehensive development of the island of Hawaii. The General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) map classifies the subject property and immediately surrounding area for Low density Urban uses according to the County's Geographic Information System (GIS), which allows for residential uses, with ancillary community and public uses, and neighborhood and convenience-type commercial uses with overall residential densities up to six units per acre. (see Figure 6-General Plan LUPAG Map) ILI vLnL.R .'t i� - � 1enC✓J'Y137 � �' 7 4 ti y t a 9PROJECT SITE y i• Figure 6—General Plan LUPAG Map 11. Coastal Zone Management, HRS, Chapter 205A The entire State of Hawai'I lies within the Coastal Zone Management area. The intent of the Coastal Zone Management Program is to guide and regulate public and private uses in the coastal zone management area with respect to recreational resources, historic resources, public access to the shoreline, scenic and open Space resources, coastal 7 Page ecosystems, marine resources, economic uses, coastal hazards, managing development, public participation, and beach protection. 12. Special Management Area (SMA) The Special Management Area {SMA} is a part of the Coastal Zone Management Program that is regulated by the County, established to promote the State's policy to preserve, protect, and where possible, to restore the natural resources of the coastal zone of Hawaii. Therefore, special controls on development within the area along the shoreline are necessary to avoid permanent loss of valuable resources and the foreclosure of management options, and to ensure that adequate public access is provided to public-owned or used beaches, recreation areas, and natural reserves, by dedication or other means. The Project Site is not situated within the SMA and is located about 3 miles from the nearest SMA boundary situated near Waiakea Pond and the Wailoa State Park complex. D. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY AND SURROUNDING AREA 13. Project Site The 13.838-acre Project Site is irregular in shape roughly bordered to the north by Haihai Street and to the east by Ainaola drive and single family residential subdivisions to the south and west. The Project Site gradually slopes downward from its southwestern corner towards its northeastern corner and is currently devoid of any specific uses or structures (see Figure 7 - Aerial Site Map). Records on file with the Planning Department indicate that the Project Site was historically cultivated in sugar cane by the Waiakea Mill Company. 14. Surrounding ZoninglLand Uses The Project Site is situated within an area that has been extensively developed for single-family residential uses. As shown on Figure 4—Current Area Zoning, the Project Site is immediately surrounded by parcels maintaining Single-Family Residential (RS-10 and RS-15) zoning with small non-conforming single family residential lots zoned A-1a to the north across Haihai Street and with scattered larger lots in excess of 1 acre on lands 81 zoned A-3a. There is a large parcel zoned A-3a along the southeastern corner of Haihai Street and Ainaola Drive that is currently maintained as vacant pasture land. • S.!� Mil- _..-... T,... ..�� C � n: '•^u� .. '"y Y _4 G r � k, f Figure 7 —Aerial Site Map Not shown on Figure 7—Aerial Site Map but reflected on Figure 5 —Current Area Zoning is a 2019 rezoning of 12.728 acres (Lot 1-B-1/Parcel 26) immediately mauka of the Project Site that recently secured Final Subdivision Approval (SUB-19-001924) on February 2, 2022 in support of the 30-lot Waiakea Nani Estates subdivision consisting of parcels at least 15,000 square feet in size (see Exhibit A- SUB 19-001924). 15. ALISH: Existing Urban Development Due to the Project Site location within the State Land Use Urban District, these lands are not classified as Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawaii. 9 Page 16. US Sail Survey: Panaewa very cobbly hydrous loam, 2-10 percent slopes (629) These soils consist of shallow, moderately well-drained silty clay loamy that formed in volcanic ash, which occur or uplands at elevations ranging from 300 to 1,000 feet and receive from 100 to 175 inches of rainfall annually. The natural vegetation consists of ohia, tree fern, Hilo grass, California grass and guava. Panaewa soils are generally used for sugarcane, pasture and woodland. 17. FIRM: Zone "X", "AO" As shown on Figure 3 - Proposed Subdivision Plan, portions of the Project Site are situated within Zone X' - determined to be outside the 500-year flood plain. However, there is an area that traverses through the Project Site in a south-to-north direction that is subject to potential flooding events and designated "AO", which is the special flood hazard area that corresponds to the areas of 100-yea, shallow flooding (usually sheet flow on sloping terrain) where average depths are between one to three feet. The Applicant will manage this shallow floodway by constructing a new underground culvert system that will channel the floodwaters along the Project Site eastern boundaries along Ainaola Drive for disposal into the existing culvert system maintained by the County at the Haihai Street-Ainaola Drive intersection. As part of the 2019 rezoning of the immediately adjacent and mauka propertythat supported the recently approved Waiakea Nani Estates subdivision, the Department of Public Works (DPW) commented that during the Year 2000 storm,the open ditch fronting the Project Site on Haihai Street over topped. DPW recommended that a licensed engineer design for the deepening of the entire length of the ditch, Additionally, DPW recommended the recently approved Waiakea Nani Estates subdivision provide improvements on Haihai Street up to the existing property line, which shall include but not be limited to, providing engineered closed drainage system to replace the open channel and paved shoulders anc swales. The Applicant anticipates that similar recommendations may be recommended as part of the proposed subdivision of the Project Site and is prepared to do so if required by DPW. 10 Page 18. Flora/Fauna Resources No professional flora or faunal surveys were conducted of the site as past indications suggest that the Project Site has been previously cleared as part of its historical use as a sugar cane field that is now overgrown with non-native plants and other invasive species. The Project Site is located in an urban setting in an area dominated by single- family residential uses. For similar reasons, the Applicant does not believe that rare or endangered floral or faunal resources exist within the Project Site nor are there anticipated habitats for any rare or endangered animals. Given its elevation, it could be possible that the Project Site may be frequented by the Hawaiian Hawk (I`o) and the Hawaiian Owl (Pueo). 19. Archaeological Resources Records on file with the Planning Department indicate that an archaeological inventory survey of the Project site was conducted by ASM Affiliates in 2015, comprising of a surface survey with no subsurface testing that found no railroad or camp remnants associated with the Project Site past use as a sugarcane field associated with the Waiakea Sugar Company field system. For these reasons, the State Department of Land and Natural Resources, by its letter dated January 11, 2018 (see Exhibit B), concluded that no historic properties will be affected as it pertained to the adjoining Waiakea Nan! Estates subdivision project just mauka of the Project Site. The Applicant anticipates the same conclusion for this Project Site. Regardless, during any grubbing or grading work associated with the proposed subdivision project, the State Historic Preservation Division will be notified and all work shall immediately cease upon inadvertent discovery of any archaeological feature. 20. Cultural or Native Gathering Rights According to the Applicant, there are no known customary or Native Hawaiian cultural rights exercised within the Project Site due to its past cultivation in sugar cane and its current state that finds it now heavily overgrown with non-native and invasive species of plants and animals. The Project Site is not near the coastline nor are their any streams or other special features that could provide an environment for the practice of cultural or native gathering rights. 21. Coastal Hazards: The Project Site resides approximately 4 miles from the nearest coastline and is therefore not subject to any coastal hazards or shoreline processes. 22. Public Access There is no record of a designated public access to the shoreline or mountain areas that traverses the Project Site. E. PUBLIC UTILITIES AND SERVICES 23. Access: Access to the Project Site is orovided by the County-maintained Haihai Street, a major collector roadway with 24 feet of pavement and unimproved shoulders within a 60-foot wide right-of-way. Access will also be provided by Ainaola Drive, also a County- maintained roadway with 20-foot wide travel lanes with partially paved shoulders within an approximately 60-foot wide right-of-way. 24. Traffic: Section 25-2-46(d)(1) of the concurrency provision requires a Traffic. Impact Analysis Report (TZAR) as part of any rezoning application in si.uations where the projected use can generate 50 or more peak hour trips. Given the scale and scope of the project limited to a proposed 33-lot subdivision,the Institute of Transportation Engineers Common Trip Generation Rates suggest that the proposed subdivision will generate about 33 peak hour vehicle trips, well below the 50 peak hour trip benchmark that would require the preparation of a TZAR. In order to manage traffic generated by the proposed 33-lot subdivision, the Applicant is willing to agree to restrictive covenants that would prohibit the construction of a second (ohana) dwelling on any of the proposed lots. 25. Water A February 25, 2022 discussion with the Department of Water Supply confirmed that its water system is able to support the potable water and fire suppression needs for the proposed 33-lot subdivision. The Applicant is prepared to secure the necessary water commitment fees immediately upon approval of this change of zone request. 121 Page 26. Wastewater There is no municipal sewer system servicing the subject area. Wastewater generated by individual single-family dwellings within the proposed subdivision will be disposed of within septic systems meeting with the approval of the State Department of Health. 27. Solid Waste Solid waste will be handled through commercial haulers or disposal by individual landowners into authorized landfill sites or transfer stations. 28. Essential Utilities and Services Other utilities, such as electrical, cable and telephone services, are available to support the proposed 33-lot single family residential subdivision. Being located within the City of Hilo, the Project Site and the proposed subdivision will be adequately serviced by various utility services. 29. Public Safety The subject property, being located within the City of Hilo, is adequately serviced by existing public safety facilities, such as Fire Station Nc. 3 on Haihai Street about 1 mile away and the main Police Department located about 3 miles away. The County's concurrency requirements regarding civil defense sirens apply to the Project Site as it is introducing more than 24 residential units [Section 25-2-46(0), Hawaii County Code]. The Project Site is within the service range of an existing civil defense siren located about a 1/3rd of a mile away to the north near Ahualani Park. 13 F. STATEMENT IN SUPPORT OF CHANGE OF ZONE REQUEST 30. HAWAN COUNTY GENERAL PLAN In order to consider an area for any type of zoning designation, the applicable goals, policies and standards of the General Plan must be adequately addressed. It is only through a comprehensive policy analysis approach that evaluations and decisions can be made to better time or stage developments to achieve quality growth. The implications of these evaluations and decisions must also be considered as they may have an impact on other similar areas in the County. Land use is one of the principal focal points of public concern and policy. The Land Use Element of the General Plan provides the primary basis for direct control and guidance of publicly and privately ❑wned resources. It is also intended to be used as a policy guide for the coordinated growth and development of all sectors ❑f the County. It sets forth goals, policies, standards and courses of action to accommodate growth without congestion, to designate and preserve the lands needed for residential use, commercial and visitor services, industry, agriculture and open space, and to coordinate these uses with the County's service and circulation systems. The overall Land Use goals, policies and standards are set forth to physically plan the lands in the County in the best interest of the island's residents. In addition to its goals, policies and standards, the General Plan also includes the Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map, which is a graphic representation ❑f the document's goals and policies to guide the coordinated growth and development ❑f all sectors of the County by presenting a graphic depiction of the physical relationship among the various land uses. The LUPAG Map establishes the basic urban and non- urban form for areas within the County. The subject property is designated for Low Density Urban uses which typically consist of residential units with a unit density of up to six (6) units per acre of land, with ancillary community and public uses, and neighborhood and convenience-type commercial uses. As proposed, the requested change of zone to the RS-15 zor ing district will introduce a density of about 2 units per acre, must less than the maximum 6 units allowed within areas designated for Low Density Urban uses and consistent with 14 1 the existing surrounding residential neighborhoods within this particular section of the Waiakea Homesteads. And as discussed earlier and summarized further below, the Project Site is serviced by existing road and water systems and will be served by essential pubic services and utilities. Therefore, the proposed change of zone is also consistent with the following goals, policies and standard of the Land Use- Single-Family Residential Element of the General Plan: • To maximize choices of single-family residential lots and/or housing for residents of the County. • To ensure compatible uses within and adjacert to single-family residential zoned a reas. • Require developers to provide basic infrastructure necessary for development. • Areas shall have basic improvements and amenities necessary for immediate use 31. PUBLIC SERVICES AND UTILITIES Access to the subject property is provided by both Haihai Street and Ainaola Drive, County-maintained major collector roadways having travel lane pavement widths equal to or in excess of 20 feet within 50-foot wide rights-of-way. A proposed interior 50-foot wide subdivision roadway will extend Ho'olala Street all the way to Ainaola Drive, providing a lateral connecting interior subdivision roadway connecting multiple existing subdivisions located mauka of the Project Site. Kikaha Street, located off of Haihai Street and located immediately adjacent to the Project Site, will provide another access point, thereby distributing the vehicular loads between two major collector roadways, Haihai Street and Ainaola Drive. County water is available to support the proposed 33-lot single family residential subdivision as is essential public utility services. Wastewater generated by ind`vidual lots within the proposed subdivision will be accommodated by individual septic systems as permitted by the State Department of Health. As the Project Site is gently slopes downward from mauka to makai with typical grades not exceeding 10 percent, there are no severe geological or topographical problems that cannot be properly rectified or which would render the land unusable for 15 Page its intended purposes. According to the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) prepared by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), portions of the Project Site is subject to 100-year frequency shallow sheet floods of between 1 to 3 feet (Zone AO). The Applicant will manage this shallow floodway by constructing a new underground culvert system that will capture and channel these floodwaters along the Project Site eastern boundaries along Ainaola Drive for disposal into the existing culvert system maintained by the County at the Haihai Street-Ainaola Drive intersection. If deemed necessary by DPW, the Applicant will provide improvements along Haihai Street up to the existing property line, which shall include, but not be limited to, providing an engineered closed drainage system to replace the open channel and paved shoulders and swales. The subject property is also located outs de of any coastal flooding zone or tsunami evacuation area. An archaeological inventory survey performed within the Project Site found no railroad or camp remnants associated with the Project Site past use as a sugarcane field associated with the Waiakea Sugar Company field system. For these reasons, the State Department of Land and Natural Resources, by its letter dated January 11, 2018 (see Exhibit B), concluded that no historic properties will be affected as it pertained to the adjoining Waiakea Nani Estates subdivision project just mauka of the Project Site. The Applicant anticipates the same conclusion for this Project Site. Regardless, during any grubbing or grading work associated with the proposed subdivision project, the State Historic Preservation Division will be notified and all work shall immediately cease upon inadvertent discovery of any archaeological feature. Therefore, for the reasons stated above, approval of this change of zone request will conform to the following goals, policies and standards of the Land Use Element of the General Plan: ■ Designate and allocate land uses in appropriate proportions and mix and in keeping with the social, cultural and physical environments of the County. ■ Allocate appropriate requested zoning in accordance with the existing or projected needs of neighborhood, community, region and County. 16 Page • Encourage the development and maintenance of communities meeting the needs of its residents in balance with the physical and social environment. • Zoning requests shall be reviewed with respect to General Plan designation, district goals, regional plans, State Land Use District, compatibility with adjacent zoned uses, availabil'ty of public services and utilities, access, and public need. • Zone urban- types of uses in areas with ease of access to community services and employment centers and with adequate public utilities and facilities. this request will also conform to the following relevant goals and policy 32. COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT This change of zone request is not contrary to Chapter 205A, Hawaii Revised Statues, relating to Coastal Zone Management. The Project Site is not situated within the SMA, being located at least 3 miles from any lands that are situated within the SMA and 4 miles from the nearest coastline. Far this reason, the Project Site is not subject to any coastal hazard nor anticipate to have any adverse impact upon coastal resources. There is no record of a designated public access that traverses the Project Site. As the Project Site had been previously cultivated in sugar cane, it is not anticipated that the proposed request will have any adverse impact on cultural or historical resources in the area. In view of the Hawaii State Supreme Courts ' DASH" and "Ka Pa-akai 0 Ka`Aina" decisions, the issue relative to native Hawaiian gathering and fishing rights must be addressed in terms of the cultural, historical, and natural resources and the associated traditional and customary practices of the site. As the Project Site has been previously disturbed through past cultivation of sugar cane and since overgrown with non-native plants and invasive species of both plants and animals, it is unlikely that there are any va ued cultural, historical, and natural resources to be found. For this reason, the Applicant could find no evidence of any possible adverse effects or impairments that will occur to any valued resources should this change of zone request be approved. Should the Applicant inadvertently encounter any remains of historic sites, such as rock walls, terraces, platforms, marine 17 shell concentrations ❑r human burials,the Applicant agree to cease any work in the immediate area and contact the ❑epartment of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-HPD), resuming activities only upon secur`ng archaeological clearance from DLNR-HPD when it fincs that sufficient mitigation measures have been taken. 33. CONCLUSION Based on the discussion above, the Applicant find that approval of this Change of Zone request from Agricultural-minimum 3-acre lot size (A-3a) to a Single-Family Residential-15,000 square feet (RS-15) zoning district will conform to the goals, policies and standards of the General Plan and will not have a significant adverse impact upon coastal resources; and would result in an appropriate land use pattern that will further the public necessity and convenience and the general welfare. 181 Page iga a aiji Q i zr _ r¢n¢ m Z D02 IF � .�: ......_ 7 vi ��}Yn.o ILL " d �� Y��2 o N w J LLI Z y�O x co Z } q Ell N �LL Yr w � pp $�$ggppqq $� N a $ffi H y15 cl co s pp [ I y�. . � °�i g♦.. �� a�.a8 "!'.. Fils �., � �f� FI��--.jy^pJ}.Prr N� `���� H�e ��! P� �R henrr� 7 s gam,a g i 4 .7eno 8 F`I� I I i a R r ! . A33Lr15 V�-MriH � R- li a09ea P�H�I�Mrd � �•r ,..-..-... d I.I TO ...!fig o _. ��,2 F 8 � py �rr 4A'l9'l�A1.914 . y m.•v i:.rn� �E � .ry ❑a y••, cmnrnr.na X OA�=In 5'.ICF; ,y �.....^+.4 m4Ven ul t.v 1— tirn:Rm.MFR,A7RCIS Lli�'nINI1H tIf l'I.%k:l ll !�i`-0 v45� y' rlr{'.Ix1i4]ne:rni WACUaal Sul'at'F..U%KM a_.1ra7 ,Yr'i• '. ry4 H.OJIKH'I ri.]f,tS PA t:r\[vfi HIV Larva arK+Aar .._i•`•� sl,.,.;, ,t i�rryu. 'S JF:FFI: S[ri T1 t, 4 II m..v.err I .v Wri , .,....cu STATE or HAWAri s'die of vePARTI EN—r ar LAND Alin NATURAL RESOURCES n 1�"�.'.°.<'.';��:'; • ce�r:i'..:r�r:�w, STATE i'IISTOIZIC PIZP.SEZVATIgN DIVISION KAKUIiittF.W:A BUILDING 501 KANIOK ILA BLVD.STE 555 KAPOLF-1.I1AWAII 96707 " January 11,2018 IN REPLY REFER TO: Michael Yee, Planning Director I.og No. 2017.02533 County of Hawaii floc.No. 1801 SN04 Pauahi Street,Suite:3 Archaeology Hilo,1.11 96720 Dear Mr.Yee: SUBJ17CT: Chapter 6E42 Historic Preservation Review— County of Hawaii Grading; Permit Application for the Sonornup Property Waial(ea Ahupua'a,South Hilo District,Island of Hawai'9 TMK--(3)2-4•-039:02i Thank you for the opportunity to review this grading permit application that was received by our office on Noventbcr l4, 2017. The applicant proposes to clear and grub approximately 15 acres of the 26-acre parcel for houndary and topographic survey punrases. A review of our records indicates that an archaeological inventory survey(AIS) was conducted by ASM Affiliates (Clark and Rechtman 2015) at the request o� Roy Sonornura (landowner). The AIS fieldwork involved a surface survey of the entire parcel with no sulxsur ecc tcs'.iu The parcel is part or Wai:tkea Homesteads Lot 91 4, in Waiitkea A}tupua`a, South Hilo District, Eawar:i I ,and. Currently fallow and densely vegetated, the parcel was historically cultivated as Field 21,one ot't'r.: W,iia:ca Mill Cor.,,nany's sugar-plantation fields. The Waiakea Sugar Plantation was established by Alexander Young ,nd Theo II. Davis in 1879. Ainanla Drive was fomncrly :he roti[e for one OF the narrpw-grluge rail lines that carriod the cane from the fields to the mill, the railroads of the i-lilu R.aiIroad Company(after 1916,the Hawaii Conso'.idatcd Railway)were in else from 1899 to 1946.A workers'can.:), Camp 5, was built beside the rail line. After a drou11ht in 1917, the mili company's lands were gradually converted into the properties of Waiakca Homesteads, including; homes:eads, hcusc lots, and cane lots. The first homesteads were created in 1919. No railroad or camp rcmrrants wcrc identified during the AIS, but an extensive archaeological site (Site 50-10-35- 30476) %vas r.^cume:.led. Site 30476 consists of 41 features includint, 29 rock mounds, I I modified contours tmounds built against steep slopes),and one standing,piled rock wall.The Site 30476 features were in:e,rr'c:ed as being nssoeiatted v ith land clearing and other work related to historic plantation sugar cultivation.Site 30,f76 retains su'1:cicat i,�tegdty to inform the 20th-Century sugar-planation cultivation activities on the parcel and purs,I t¢tt to Hawaii Administrative Rules(HAR)§13-284-6,is significant under Criterion d,for its ir.lorotation potential. In a letter dated April 29,•2016 (Lop No. 20 1 5-04420, floc. No. 1604JA 13), 51'Il'D concurred with the site icc assessment,project effect determination. and the recommendation of no further work as recommendcd in the A]S For the parcel. As stated in that letter,pursuant to 11AR 13-284-7,the proposed project will result in no historic properties affected and no r1trlher archaeological work is necessary for Site 30476. Therefor based on aval4iMc h-hormation.SHPD's determination is no historic properties affected For the current pl-0JC[CL. „L' 7t rnlit isSimnee process may roceed. Exhibit Michael Yee January 11,2017 Page 2 Attach to pc:-mit: In the unlik::•'.v e�eat that st t," tee historic resources, including human skeletal ttitnaizts, structural rewnitts, cultural deposits, sand deposi.s, or sink hales are identified dur:ng the demolition and/or construction work,cease work in the snir ediaste vicinity of the find, protect the find from additional disturbance,and contact-the State Historic Preservation Division at(908)933-7651. Please contact Sean NaIeimaile at (808) 933-7651 or at Scan.P.Naleimaile(iNiawaii..Pov for any questions or concerns regarding this letter. Aloha, Sv"�' u-tirt t T ` LS1 u.V v Susan A. Lebo, PhD Archaeology Brtnch Chief cc. Jason rnaba••-Inaba l n;incermir(ii:abaenttfcriltawaii.rr_com) Roland IIioashi—Sonornura Rentals.LLC(rolandhi�ash��hav<aaantel.ne11 { Archaeological Inventory Survey of a Roughly 26-acre Parcel Located at the Corner of Haihai Street and Ainaola Drive TMK: (3) 24-039:025 Waiakea Ahupua`a South Hilo District Island of Hawaii DRAFT VERSIOIt Prepared By: Matthew R.Clark,11,A, and Robert B.Rechtman,Ph.D. Prepared For: Roy Sonamura s x SSFM International _ 501 Sumner Street Suite 620 Honolulu,HI 96817 RPM W Frrst sugarnne Bader at the Wadekea Sugar M111 rn Hrda December 2015 AS M 5� U Irckun+logy•Mldnry•t.hk,:,,phv•Arrhrnrc,+=1!i i.,,,, ASMProjectN tun ber25400.01 Off-.lscs1 ,6.U. • �, , s Archaeological Inventory Survey Roughly 26-acre Parcel Located at the Corner of Haihai Street and Ainaola Drive TMK: (3) 2-4-039:025 Waiakea. Ahupua`a South Hilo District Island of Hawaii A S M 4l r � Table of Contents CHAPTERS Page 1. INTRODUCTION. ...................................................................................................1 STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION........................................................................................... 1 2. BACKGROUND..................... .. ....... .........................................................................6 CULTURE-i IISTORICAL CONTEXT................................................................................6 PREVIOUS ARCIIALOLOGICAL STUDIES...................................................................20 4. STUDY AREA EXPECTATIONS.............................................................................25 5. FIELDWORK..............................................................................................................26 METI IOD S..........................................................................................................................26 FINDINGS...........................................................................................................................26 SIHPSite T-i ...............................................................................................................26 6. SIGNIFICANCE EVALUATION, SITE TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS,AND CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS....................49 REFERENCESCITED...................................................................................................50 FIGURES Page 1.Study area location....................................................................................................................................2 2. Tax Map Key(TMK)(3)24-039 showing the current study parcel(025)shaded red............................3 3. Google EarthTM satellite image of the study area(outlined in red)...........................................................4 4.Haihai Street along the northern boundary of the study area, view to the east.........................................5 5.Ainaola Drive along the eastern boundary of the study parce,view to the south.....................................5 6.Boundary fence in the southwestern portion of the study area,view to the north....................................6 7. 1901 _nap of Hawaii Island, showing Waiakea Ahupua`a outlined in red..............................................7 S. Portion of 1891 Hawaii Registered Map No. 1561 showing Hilo Town and vicinity.............................9 9.Detail of 1825 Plan of Byron Bay...........................................................................................................10 10. Portion of 1912 USGS map showing the location of the narrow gauage railroad in relation to the current study area(shaded red). ............................ ...........13 ............................................. 11. HTS Plat 775(prepared by R. O'Neal,Jan. 1915)showing the Waiakea Homesteads and the Iocation of the current studyarea....................................................................................................15 12. Portion of Hawaii Registered Map No.2650,Waiakea Homesteads(second series) ca. 1918-1919,with current study area shaded red. .............................................................................16 13. Portion of 1922 Waiakea Mill Company map showing current project area(shaded red) within Lot 914 of Field 21 (F.21)........................................................................................................19 14. 1954 aerial photogrpah showing the current study area outlined in red...............................................21 15. Previous archaeological studies conducted in the vicinity of the current study area............................22 16. Locations of SR-1P Site)OM features 1-41.......................................................................................27 17. Lower,northern portion of the study area adjacent to Haihai Street,view to the north from the r southern edge of the drainage basin.....................................................................................................42 18, Large puddle of standing water near Features 35 and 36,view to the northeast..................................43 AIS of TMK'(3)2-4-039 025,Wai&ea.South Hilo,Hawaii iit Table c f Contents FIGURES Page 19.Fairly recently grubbed area in the central portion of the study parcel,the large tree(center)is the location of Feature 25,view to the east..........................................................................................44 20.Modern debris on the surface of Feature 7,view to the southeast........................................................45 21.Rusted metal cable adjacent to Feature 34,overview to the east..........................................................45 22.Bottle base found at Feature 36,overview............................................................................................46 23.Two intact bottles found at Feature 41,overview.................................................................................46 24. Broken bottle found at Feature 41,overview........................................................................................47 25. Screw-top bottle found at Feature 41,overview...................................................................................47 26. Small metal Iid found at Feature 41.overview.....................................................................................48 27. Ceramic fragment found at Feature 41, overview.................................................................................4R 28.Back of the ceramic fragment found at Feature 41,marked"Made in Japan",overview. ...................49 TABLE Page 1.Features of SHIP Site T-1.......................................................................................................................28 iv Al of TMKs:(3)2-2-032:003,004,008,019,087 and 088,WaiAkea,South Hilo,Hawai'i 1. Introduction 1. INTRODUCTION At the request of Roy Sonomura(land owner),ASM Affiliates(ASM)conducted an Archaeological Inventory Survey of a roughly 26-acre parcel (TMK: (3) 2-4-039:025) located at the corner of Haihai Street and Ainaola Drive in Waiakea Ahupua`a, South Hilo District,Island of Hawaii(Figures 1 and 2).The study parcel,a portion of Lot 914 of the Waiakea Homesteads(second series),is currently fallow pasture(Figure 3)that was formerly cultivated as part of the Waiakea Mil Company's sugarcane fields in Waiakea Ahupua`a.The land owner intends to return the land to active pasture through mechanical clearing, brush management, and herbaceous weed control. The State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) reviewed a proposed conservation plan for the parcel on February 26, 2014 (log 2014.01349, Doc 1403SN16)and commented that they believe that there is the potential for undocumented historic properties to exist on the parcel such as agricultural mounds,ditches, roads, and other features that reflect Historic Period utilization of the area. SHPD therefore requested that an Archaeological Field Inspection be conducted by a qualified archaeologist, and that if Historic Properties are identified within the parcel an Archaeological Inventory Survey (AIS) be conducted prior to implementing the: conservation plan. An initial field inspection of the parcel conducted by ASM revealed that historic properties (related to the Historic cultivation of sugarcane) were indeed present within the study parcel and that the preparation of an AIS was required for permitting approval,as requested by SHPD.This report details the findings of the Archaeological Inventory Survey of TMK:(3)2-4-039:025. The current study was undertaken in accordance with Hawaii Administrative Rulesl3§13-284, and was performed in compIiancc with the Rules Governing Standards for 4 rchae ologica I Inventory Surveys and Reports as contained in Hawaii Administrative Rules 13§13 276.Compliance with the above standards is sufficient for meeting the initial historic preservation review process requirements of both the Department of Land and Natural Resources and the County of Hawai'i Planning Department. This report contains background information outlining the study area's physical and cultural contexts,a presentation of previous archaeological work in the vicinity of the project area, and current survey expectations based on that previous work. Also presented is an explanation of the project's methods, detailed descriptions of the archaeological features encountered, interpretation and evaluation of those properties,and finally treatment recommendations far all of the documented resources. STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION The current study area consists of a roughly 26-acre parcel (TMK: (3) 2-4-039:025) located in Waiakea Ahupua`a, South Halo District,Island of Hawaii at an elevation of roughly 500 to 560 feet(150 to 170 meters)above sea level (see Figures 1 and 2). The parcel is comprised of thickly vegetated former sugarcane field and pasture that has been previously cleared.The study area is bounded to north by Haihai Street(Figure 4),to the east by Ainaola Drive(Figure 5)and an undeveloped(57,593 square foot)State of Hawaii owned parcel(Parcel 002),and to the south and west by developed residential parcels(see Figure 3).The boundaries of the study area are currently fenced(Figure 6),and the corners have been recently marked by surveyors with metal pipes,lathe,and flagging. SoiIs within the study area are classified as Panaewa very cobbly hydrous loam, on 2 to 10 percent slopes (http://websoilsurvey.nres.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSun,ey.aspx). These moderately well-drained soils, which form from basaltic ash on pahoehoe lava,typically extend 4 to 20 inches to lithic bedrock,and include 0 to 4 inches cf very cobbly hydrous loam over 4 to 16 inches of extremely stony hydrous loam.The soils within the study area have formed on lava Lows that originated from Mauna Loa Volcano 5,000 to 10,000 years before present(Wolfe and Morris 1996). The vegetative cover across the study parcel is dense, but varied.consisting of a secondary growth of tall trees and palms and a thick to moderate understory of various grasses, vines, shrubs. and weeds. The over story flora includes tree species such as gun powder 1Trema orientalis), umbrella (Schefjlera actinophylla), autograph (Clusia major),African tulip(Spathodea campanulata), albezia moluccana(Paraserianthes falcataria),melochia Gvelochia umbellate), and royal palms(Rvysionea regia). The understory flora includes waiwa(Psidium cattleianum),bamboo (Bambusa spp.), night-blooming jasmine (Cestrum nocturnum), molasses grass (Melinis minutifdora), guinea grass (Panicium maximum), sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica), Miconia (Miconia calvescens). lantana (Lantana camara), castor's curse(Ricinus comtmenis),liliko`i(Passii fora spp.),and some scattered ti plants(Cordyline fruticose),along with various other non-native grasses,vines, shrubs,and weeds. Al of TMK.(3)211-039:025,Waiakea,South Hiio,Hawaii 1 f 1. Introduction fr e4F+.•� =ia^-^t .,i.,-r •ua­-e "ca,..•_F rvasa.Zone SQ•GA f 7. A. µ Ak t f y 9 y'r r r .w n r � _ area t _ d a ' V1n1AISEA , i7sec�•-� ��a..:-.� ,61�>, 1t..... !. :nr.•:.! :6r•"^�'�N 4+GLIa 7e.r 5p�M��'�! M Figure 1. Study area location. { 2 AIS of TMK:(3)2-4-039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawaii r 1 1- Introduction � a e I I <J�wt! •�MlPN a /p ? 3 r Stud► area s fit P ro _ 6 = Y Q] O i � w CO~ Al of TMK:(3)2-4-039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawaii 3 t� n fu ,I w , r most bi�� tiNnl� :n'i•�t V14 wo 861 R" e fir.+ ~` �• � � r�.��. a Iry un C ri ` i ,,>, elm r-- p .- '♦ is � i® Ito x i t f t t 1. ]ntraduaion e�rc d , o I .a I er 7f Figure 4.Haihai Street along the northern boundary of the study area,view to the east. I Figure 5.Ainaola Drive along the eastern boundary of the study price,view to the south. Al cf TMK:(3)2-4-039 025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawai'i 5 �._.y C 2. Background s fir! 1 P � r a i Figure 6.Boundary fend in the southwestern portion of the study area,view to the north. 2. BACKGROUND To generate a set of expectations regarding the nature of archaeological resources that might be encountered within the study area, and to establish a context within which to access the significance of any such resources, a general culture-historical background for the region and a summary of previous archaeological studies conducted nearby the study area are presented. CULTURE-HISTORICAL CONTEXT This section summarizes the general cultural history of Hilo and more specifically the history of Waiakea Ahupua`a. For a more in-depth historical background the reader is referred to Kelly et aI.(1981),Maly(1996a),Maly(1996b), Moniz(n.d.),and McEldowney(1979). The island of Hawaii is divided into six traditional districts or moku(Gordy 2000).The current study area falls within the traditional moku of Hilo and the historic district of South Hilo on the rainy windward side of the island. The earliest historical knowledge of Hilo comes from legends written by Kamakau (1961) of a 16a'century chief `Umi-a-Liloa(son of Liloa) who at that time ruled the entire island of Hawaii.Descendants of Umi and his sister- wife were referred to as"Kona"chiefs,controlling Ka`u,Kona,and Kohala,while descendants of Umi and his Maui wife were"Hilo'chiefs,controlling Hamakua,Hilo,and Puna(Kelly et al. 1981).According to Kamakau(1961)both sides fought over control of the island,desiring access to resources such as feathers,mamaki tapa,and canoes on the Hilo side;and wauke taps,and warm lands and waters on the Kona side(c.f.Kelly et al. 1981). Sometime during the A.D. 1400s, the Hawaii make were further divided into distinct land units known as ahupua`a (Kirch L985),Ahupua'a were, ideally, long wedge-shaped slices of land that incorporated all of the eco- zones from the mountains to the sea(and several hundred yards beyond),which afforded the inhabitants of each land unit access to a diverse subsistence resource base(Gordy 2000). Of the twenty plus ahupua`a that make up the Hilo district,only two approach this ideal,Pi`ihonua and Waiakea, stretching from the sea up along the slopes of Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea,and providing access to the full range of resources(Kelly et al.1981).Waiakea,one of the largest ahupua`a in all the Hawaiian Islands, stretches from the eastern shores of Hilo Bay up to an elevation of 6,000 feet above sea Ievel,and is markedly broader than its neighboring ahupua`a immediately to the north(Figure 7). 6 AIS of TM -.(3)2-4-039:025,Waiskea,South Hilo,Hawaii i f f ? E3ack�eound i' � I f � HAWAI1 TERRITORY SURVEY { W,1).Al.R]ANIJRk WALTPRK WALL . I -sul"I '"Ita �� A Wes.#... .I I ISLANDS � 1 FJ71WAbIJ11' ISLANDS ���`• .. Prarrnrr 71ie+wwldedn by rr.l+.w,—d—GJ,dyver..l,a..d`eh•xaa.I..0 l rrlmd* ;;;.?r?r`-,1�+� turd.I:.I1.Hrd.lr•ta 1,4 ?.�. 1��•..r� N;/l..t�rn�lr.r'.I.LIwu•J.s.�errxenrr.J.I1-Lvrlgsrdr..l.F•Ha*wa.H.11.Anf./w:.r,.. -, � u: :r.`', /� • • I'..W.l;Nmrlx,J.M..iltw.br.S.N.r(wexnuia,dd0'--°rlw. t Fj p 1 .•n••�A5T4.\. �'31N �•'Y•1�•r w..T.1p"o a 1. "=r ;•"r•`;...r w x)/x .-- ..,�`i.».• ' -.�:..,tt »,. ••t �•ry.�.*---=r'tl � f '�. l 1 71��,F 7!'� i ,.� x,'�:y � � �. t+j'• ;j'. �.`.�" y� M1 x.-Z,� 1. � M��..y� /' iY� � ,k a 'f �r�l � �t �•. � .. •�.�� r.ri� :tip iryrlr r• , �:i .. �� ,Jvc .�� jaw' Figure 7. 1901 map of I-Iawai'i Island,showing Waiakea Ahupua`a outlined in red. AIS of TNIK.(3)2-4-039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawaii 7 2. Background Entire ahupua'a, or portions of the land were managed by appointed konohiki, or lesser chiefs, who acted as overseers under the rule of an ali'i 'ai alwpua`a.The ali'i 'ai ahupua'a in turn answered to an ali'i 'ai motor, a higher chief who ruled over the moku and claimed the abundance of the entire district. Thus,ahupua'a resources supported not on_y the maka'ainana (commoners) and 'ohana(extended families) who lived on the land, but also provided support to the ruling class of higher chiefs and ultimately the crown. Waiakea,which translates as"broad waters"(Pukui et al. 1974:220)is home to the Wailoa River and portions of Hilo,Reed's,Kuhio,and Puhi Bays.Historically,the ocean resources of Hilo Bay were vital to everyday subsistence, Kamakau describes various fishing techniques as follows: ... with basket traps;with hook and line... by drugging. A man could also fish with his hands, or with crab or shrimp nets,or with a pole from a ledge or the seashore or catch fish in tide pools with a scoop net, or go along the seashore with a net, or set a fishline; or search for fish with a small basket trap or draw a net over sandy spots in the sea or up onto the shore;or drive fish into nets by splashing;or with a pole.But these were not expert ways of fishing;they were just for the taking of fish to make living more pleasurable... (Kamakau 1976:59-60 cited in Kelly et al. 1981:16-17) Marine based subsistence was strongly linked to social organization. Strict kapu were enforced,which dictated when End where certain varieties of fish such as 'vpelu and aku could be caught.A dedicated aka fishing ground or ko'a known as Maka-o-Ka was located on the shore of the Waiakea Peninsula,near present day Coconut Island(Maly 1996b).Theoretically, access rights to fishing areas and ocean resources were defined by ahupua'a boundaries.with residents of a specific ahupua'a only taking fish within their own land division. However, in the case of Waiakea Ahupua`a,the Waiakea fishery extended straight across Hilo Bay, allowing residents of the adjacent ahupua'a only limited rights in the fishery(Kelly et al. 1981). Extensive fishponds were cultivated in the vicinity of Hilo Bay including the Royal Fish Ponds,five sp-ing-fed inland ponds whose yield was reserved solely for the highest of ali'i. The largest of these Royal Ponds, known as Waiakea was located southwest of the current study area in the Wailoa River(Figure 8).Religious ritual accompanied the creation and maintenance of the Royal Ponds,which according to a his�oric account from 1823,were surrounded by small huts for their caretakers(Kelly ct M. 1981). Handy and Handy(1972)describe the lowland residency and cultivation of food resources in the Waiakea section of Hilo as follows: Hilo as a major land division of Hawaii included the southeastern part of the windward coast...the northern portion,had many scattered settlements above streams running between high,forested kula lands..now planted with sugar cane.From Hilo Bay southeastward to Puna the shore and inland are rather barren and there were few settlements. The population of Hilo was anciently as now concentrated mostly around and out from Hilo Bay... The Hilo Bay region is one of lush tropical verdure and beauty, owing to the prevalence of nightly showers and moist warmth which prevail under the northeasterly trade winds into which it faces... In lava-strewn South Hilo there were no streams whose valleys or banks were capable of being developed in terraces,but cuttings were stuck into the ground and on the snores and islets for many miles along the course of the Wailuku lover far up into the forest zone.In the marshes surrounding Waiakea Bay, east of Hilo,taro was planted in a unique way,known as kanu kipi. Long mounds were built on the marshy bottom with their surface two or three feet above water level.Upon the top and along the sides of these mounds taro was planted.Flood waters which occasionally submerged the entire mound are said to have done no harm, as the flow was imperceptible.This swampy land is now abandoned to rank grass, Kipi (mounds) were also formerly made along Alenaio Stream above Hilo... [Handy and Handy 1972:538-539] Hilo was one of the larger population centers on the Island of Hawai'i,and also an area frequented by the alr'i (Moniz n.d.). Captain George Vancouver, an early European explorer who met with Kamehameha I at Waiakea in 1794,recorded that Kamehameha was there preparing for his invasion of the neighbor islands,and that Hilo was an important center because his canoes were being built there(Moniz n.d.:7).The people of Hilo had long prepared for Kamehameha's arrival and collected a large number of hogs and a variety of plant foods, to feed the ruler and his retinue.Kelly et al. (1981)surmises that the people of Hilo had actually prepared for a year prior to Kamehameha's visit and expanded their fields into the open lands behind Hilo to accommodate the increased number of people that would be present. Kelly et al. (1981) also speculates that many of the fish ponds in Waiakea were created to feed Kamehameha,his chiefs,and craftsmen.It was during this early Historic Period that Waiakea Ahupua`a became part of Kamehameha I's personal land holdings{Moniz n.d.:l 1). 8 AI5 of TMK:(3)2-4-039:025,Waifikea,South Hilo,Hawaii ti d 2. Background ( d q'* uAKA M u r t .- h. a ._�, �l �;\y. ,..�• �. __W,- f- �,`k�t a� ctla��r:}le'bEy�7, �r Kb L 0 TOWN.- AND vlclNr-rr .i/\ -�. T - alnlr xnd:utvcry lty F.b.ISrthh.h, ••,� .. .... .'�' �,. '" � I t�uura�n•nun nv.r]F r.rni i•nta 1 � .-.yam. ... ,..... w,rp. ,... �� ,• - L C mil.'.i. Figure 8.Portion of 1891 Hawaii Registered Map No. 1561 showing Hilo Town and vicinity. AIS ofTMK:(3)2.4-039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawaii 9 2- Background In addition to marine resources, agricultural resources were essential to the residents of Waiakea.Wet taro was cultivated on mounds built into the existing marshlands along the Wailoa River behind the sand dunes of Hilo Bay using the kz'vi or kip ikipi method,which resulted in a Iandscape of raised islands and ditches(Maly 1996b).According to historical accounts published by Handy and Handy(1972)dry taro was planted wherever there was enough soil on the lava fields of Waiakea and on the slopes between the rivers. Historical accounts(McEldowney 1979)indicate that much of Waiakea was in a zone of agricultural productivity. As Isabella Bird recorded upon arriving in Hilo in 1873: Above Hilo,broad lands sweeping up cloudwards,with their sugar cane,kalo,melons,pine-apples, and banana groves suggest the boundless liberality of Nature.(Bird I964:38) Maly (1996a) refers to a 1922 article from the Hawaiian Language newspaper, Ka h'upepa Ku'oku'a, where planting on pahoehoe lava flats is described; There are pahoehoe Iava beds walled in by the ancestors in which sweet potatoes and sugar cane were planted and they are still growing today.Not only one or two but several tunes forty(mau ka'au)of them.The house sites are still there,not one or two but several times four hundred in the woods of the Panaewa. Our indigenous bananas are growing wild,these were planted by the hands of our ancestors.(Maly 1996a:A-2) William Ellis,one of the first missionaries to arrive in Hawaii,spent five days in Waiakea in 1823(Ellis 1963). He described it as a well-watered place, with some of the heaviest rains and densest fog he had encountered on the island.He considered the inhabitants lucky because of the well-stocked fishponds,fertile soil,and nearby woods as a source of lumber. Ellis(1963)estimated that nearly 400 houses were present near the bay, with a population of not less than 2,000 inhabitants. EIlis eventually set up a mission station in Waiakea that lasted until 1825, when it was moved to Punahoa 21'Ahupua'a(Moniz n.d.). In 1825 the H.M.S.Blonde,commanded by Lord Byron,arrived in Hilo Bay bearing the bodies of Kamehameha I's son Liholiho and his wife Kamamalu who had both died of measles in England. Ka'ahumanu,Kamehameha I's widow and self-declared prime minister of Hawaii.declared Hilo Bay would henceforth by known as Byron's Bay in honor of the Commander. During shore-leave Lard Byron stayed in Waiakea at a large house appropriated by Ka'ahumanu on the banks of the Wailoa River. The visit of the HMS Blonde generated four major accounts of the voyage rife with vivid descriptions of Waiakea(Kelly et al. 1981), The o_`fieers onboard described the bay as deep and calm and mentioned that the Wailuku and Wailoa rivers were convenient watering places for visiting ships(Kelly et. al. -981).An 1825 map of Byron Bay prepared by the crew of the H.M.S. Blonde(Figure 9)shows the extent of the wet taro fields and fishponds of Waiakea in addition to the coconut groves along the share. a.tse-a-y�'s + d _ J;•7 _ 6 . . r,•�, _ 'L td �t4 � ? •, � �---�,�,,,� a L at a. 3VM11 -. 1Tirrr. 'F s at.B at. �. ?,y:�.~ ..•i `' ,t, sat, Jr t 1t'artsr.el(i %•...} s. =� /'t-`ei�-', •r fug. Figure 9.Detail of 1825 Plan of Byron Bay. 10 Al of T4V-K:(3)2-4-039a025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawaii 2. Background The ship's log neatly summarized the potential of Hilo Bay: Byron Bay will,no doubt, become the site of the capital of Hawai'i.The fertility of the district of Hido[sic]...the excellent water and abundant fish-pools which surround it,the easy access it has to the sandal-woad district,and also commerce,and the facility it affords for refitting vessels,render it a place of great importance. (Kelly et al. 1981-.35) In addition to providing valuable subsistence resources. the protected waters and sandier shores of Hilo Bay provideG a calm and safe alternative for landfall for ocean going vessels involved in whaling and the sandalwood trade.The sandalwood trade was initiated in the 1790s but did not become successful until 1812;Kamehameha held the monopoly on the trade and oversaw its management by his chiefs until his death. Thereafter, King Liholio's favored chiefs mismanaged the trade, which lead to the depletion of the forests and the end of the sandalwood trade by 1830(Deily et al 1981).According to Kelly et al. (1981),historic accounts about whaling suggest that Hilo Bay was not a preferred port for the whalers due to the missionary influence and the resultant lack of liquor and women; sailors p-eferred Honolulu and Lahaina as ports-of-call. At the end of the 1830s, industrial development was on the rise in Hilo,despite the decline in whaling and the end of the sandalwood trade. In a letter written in 1840,Reverend Titus Coan remarked on the conditions in Hilo: Industry is increasing. Our ports and places of trade begin to put on the air of activity and life. Temporal improvements and comforts are fast increasing at Hilo,that is,near the station.Two stores of goods are opened here, and three sugar-mills have recently gone into operation near us. Sugar- cane is being planted to a considerable extent; business assumes more tone and energy,and many of the people are approximating towards industry and competence. Probably the amount of cloth worn by the people has increased ten or twenty fold during four years past,Labor is in better demand and wages are rising continually.(Kelly et al. 1981:49) A period of great social change in Hilo began with the arrival of the first missionaries to Waiakea in 1824 and ended in 1848 with the formal land division known as the Great Mahele. The introduction of new spiritual concepts combined with an increased involvement in international trade and global politics lead to a shift in settlement patterns from traditionally dispersed Hawaiian villages to more concentrated urban population centers.Then,on November 7, 1837 at 7 p.m, a tsunami wave hit Hilo Bay,Reverend Coan described the scene as follows: ... we heard a heavy sound as of a falling mountain upon the beach. This noise was followed by loud wailing and cries of distress, extending for miles around the shores of the bay... House furniture. calabashes, fuel, timber, canoes, food, clothing, everything floated wild upon the flood. The waters rushed up valleys, carried away fish-ponds, and swept over many plantations of food. (Maly 1996b:18) After the tsunami, Hilo became the site of a large scale religious revival that lasted from 1837 until 1840 and included mass conversions and meetings of up to 10,000 worshippers.Other events that had a profound effect on the demography of Hilo were the measles epidemic of 1848. which claimed one third of the population of the island, followed by an outbreak of smallpox in 1853; later outbreaks of plague and leprosy caused the population to dwindle even further(McEldowney 1979). Pressure from foreign investors combined with the above-described demographic and socioeconomic changes, resulted in a shift from traditional land tenure to a system of private land ownership that culminated in the formal land division known as the Mahele ',�ina or Great Mahele of 1848.During the Mahele Ain all the Iands of Ha,vai`i were placed into one of three categories: Crown Lands (for the occupant of the throne), Konohiki Lands (to be d_vided among 245 chiefs) and Government Lands. Conditions of the,Vahele :4ina also afforded native tenants the right to claim, and acquire title to, parcels that they actively lived on or cultivated fcr a living(Maly 1996b).These kuleana claims were essentially transfers of ownership from the ah'i nui(high chief)or kanohiki(lesser chief/overseer,,who had been awarded ownership of the ahupua'a by Kamehameha III,to the commoners.The Board of Commissioners oversaw the program and administered the katleana as Land Commission Awards(LCAw.). Historically,the entire ahupta'a of Waiakea was treated as personal land by Kamehameha I and passed on to his son Liholiho. Waiakea was later inherited by chiefess Kaunuohua, a grand-daughter of Keawemauhili and kahu of Alexander Liholiho(Kame`eleihiwa 1992). who later relinquished the ahuprra'a during the Mahele 4iira.As a result of the Mdhele,Waiakea Ahupua'a was set aside as Crown Lands for Kamehameha III.In addition,twenty-six kmleann claims or LCAw.were registered within Waiakea for houselots and cultivated fields,Most LCA,,.were for houselots and cultivated sections located along major inland roads or fishponds near Hilo Bay(Devereux et. al. 1997;Moniz AI5 of TMK.[3)24-039.025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawaii 11 2. Background n.d.); none were in the immediate vicinity of the current study area. One of the Land Commission Awards(LCAw. 7713)was for the 71i of Pi`opi`o,which was traditionally the residence of chiefs,and which later served as the vocation of the original mission station in Waiakea (Moniz n.d.:9). This land was given by Kamehameha I to his wife Ka`ahumanu,and then awarded to Victoria Kamaluma]u during the Mahele. Fcllowing the Mahele, Kamehameha IV leased large portions of Waiakea to outside interests for pasture and sugarcane cultivation(Moniz n.d.).In 1861 S.Kipi leased the Crown Lands of Waiakea for the rate of$600 dollars a year to be used as pasture land for five years (Kelly et al, I981; Maly 1996a). In 1874 the first lease for sugarcane cultivation in Waiakea was granted to Rufus A.Lyman for a term of 25 years.The lease granted him all the privileges of the land including the use of the fishponds and the cutting of firewood(Maly 1996a). This lease was eventually transferred to the Waiakea Mill Company,founded by Alexander Young and Theo H.Davis,and the Waiakea Sugar Plantation was established in 1879. The sugarcane mentioned in the 1940 Reverend Coan letter(see above) had a profound impact on Waiakea Ahupua`a. The population of Waiakea increased as a result of the industrial and economic growth brought about by the sugar industry(Wolforth 2007). The cultivation of sugarcane was initially practiced by Hawaiians long before Eiu•opean contact,however, sugar processing was introduced only after the arrival of the foreigners(Kelly et aI. 1981).By 1857,there were three sugar mills producing sugar for export in the Hilo area. With the Kingdom-wide economic depression that occur-ed as a result ofthe U.S.whaling fleet pulling ou-of the Hawaiian Islands in 1859,the focus of commercial cultivation shifted from general agriculture to sugarcane(McEldowney 1979).The 1860s saw an increase in the appropriation of land by foreigrers for commercial sugar cultivation.By 1874."Hilo ranked as the second largest city in the islands,as a result of its central position in the rapidly expanding and intensified sugar industry at Waiakea"(McEIdowney 1979:39). The Waiakea Mill Company started with about 350 acres of cultivated Iands they had acquired from Lyman.The Waiakea sugar mill,built in 1879,was located at the inland end of Waiakea fishpond.and the company lands extended south from the mill to the uplands of Waiakea Ahupua'a(Kelly et al. 1981).In 1888 the company acquired a 30-year lease that increased their land holdings m Waiakea Ahupua`a. The Waiakea Mill Company systematically cleared these lands and planted sugarcane on them.They established a railroad system to carry the cane from the fields to the mill for processing,and workers in the sugarcane fields were often housed in camps located adjacent to the rail lines. Ainaola Drive along the eastern boundary of the study parcel was formerly the route of one of the rail lines,and the Waiakea Mill Company's Camp 5 was formerly Iocated adjacent to this rail line next to the study parcel(Figure 10). The railroad in Hilo was in operation from 1899 until 1946. The railroad's primary business centerec on the transport of raw sugar from the mills to the harbor and hauling plantation freight while the transport of passengers was merely a secondary interest. The Waiakea Mill Company's rail lines connected to the lines of the Hilo Railroad Company(I IRR).The HRR was granted a Charter of Incorporation by the Department of the Interior of the Republic of Hawaii on March 28, 1899: .., to contruct. maintain and operate a railroad or railroads on the Island of Hawaii for the transportation as common carriers of passengers and freight frem the port of Hilo through the District of Hilo to and through the districts of Hamakua,Koh ala and Kona and also...to and through the Districts of Puna,Kau and Kona...And also to purchase,awn,develop,sell,lease,or otherwise deal in lands on the said Island of Hawai'i along or near the line or lines of the railroad... for the purpose of inducing the settlement of population along or near said line or lines of railroad...and also,subject to law,to construct and own all wharves, docks,piers,and appurtenees necessary for the purposes of the Company...and also to create,operate and maintain water works for the purpose of supplying water to the lands acquired by it... Provided however,that such right to deal in land shall be held to extend and apply only to such lands as shall be at the date of this Charter of an agricultural, forest,pastoral or waste character.and to such made land,so called as said Company shall fill in or reclaim from the sea or other places.(Kelly et al. 1981:297-299) On April 18, 1899 the Republic of Hawai'i and the Hilo Railroad Company reached an agreement for HRR to "build and operate a railroad in,from between and through the districts of Hilo,Puna,Hamakua,Kohala,Kona.and Kau"(Kelly et al. 1981:303).This rather liberal agreement granted the following to the HRR,subject to the approval of the Minister of the Interior: Government lands for HRR to build their stations,depots and other structures,a free right off way across Government Lands and roads,and free use of water for the construction of the railroad(Kelly et al. 1981). 12 Al of TMK:(3)24-039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawai'i 2. Background ea Puu _ Mokucls� . �z. Caoarrsuf lml.rid '�" ,j Wetakea atakes Mill V-1 w 1 Current study area... a Kilometers Figure 10.Portion of 1912 USGS map showing the location of the narrow gauage railroad in relation to the current study area(shaded red). AI5 of TM.(3)2-4-039 025,Watakea,South Hilo.Hawai'i 13 2. Background Six experienced Honolulu businessmen, who hoped to recreate their success on Oahu in the cultivation and transport of sugarcane,were behind the HRR venture on the island of HawaN,In the fall of 1899,HRR began building its tracks from its terminus in Waiakea 8.3 miles south to the Olaa Sugar Company Mill near Kea`an,Pkina District (Kelly et aI. 1981),The investors behind HRR chose this route as their first rail service because they were behind the Olaa Sugar enterprise as well. Furthermore,the first product transported by rail from Olaa Sugar Company was not sugar, in fact, it was wood that had been recently cleared from forests in the area and supplied to HRR as 35„000 railroad ties(Kelly et al. 1981). In 1900, a small wharf was constructed along the eastern bank cf the Wailoa River for the landing of material necessary to build the tracks, buildings,and railroad cars. The first locomotive made landfall on May 15, 1900 and rail service from Hilo to Kea`au began on June 18, 1900.The Wailoa River railroad wharf was expanded in 1901 and a large warehouse was built to store up to 15,000 bags of sugar(Kelly et al. 1981).By the end of 1901,HRR had completed construction of more than 35 miles of railroad line, which included 25.1 miles from Waiakea to Kapoho and a 5 mile branch to Pahoa. In 1902,a new sugar warehouse,with a 35,000 bag capacity,was built on the eastern shore of the Wailoa River.In 1903,a new railroad wharf was built north of:he mouth of the Wailoa River in Hilo Bay and the railroad line from Waiakea to Hi:o Town was completed. HRR ran mostly deficits during 1901-1905,however the arrival of trans-Pacific steamships to Hilo Bay seemed to be the answer to their problems.In 1906,HRR directors paid to put together a proposal to construct a breakwater in order to accommodate the steamships and presented it to the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers.The proposal was met with Iittle faith in the amount of commerce going through Hilo.In response,HRR was able to secure the appropriation for the breakwater in 1907,by making assurances to the U.S. government that they would construct a railroad north of Hilo in addition to wharf facilities(Kelly et al. 1981). Breakwater construction began in 1908 and HRR hauled most of the rock from Puna to Hilo for the breakwater project,which compensated for the decline in the sugar industry and resulted in increased revenue for the years 1908-1910.From 1909 to 1913,ERR laid track from Hilo northward to the district of Ham5kua and southward through Puna,this expansion was funded by$4.5 miIlion worth of stocks and bends with annually rising interest rates that HRR could not afford :c pay. HRR's failure to meet their bond interest obligations resulted in foreclosure in 1916. In 1916, the Hilo Railroad Company was reorganized as the Hawaii Consolidated Railway (HCR) under the leadership of businessmen who represented the companies that ran the sugar plantations along the railroad. Of the original investors and staff of HRR, only Lorrin A.Thurston and R-W. Fi'.ler continued as the general manager and superintendent of the railroad, respectively. In response to competition from the use of automobiles for personal transportation,HCR lowered their fares,which resulted in an increase in passengers between Hilo and Hakalau and Hilo and Kea'au.After a 1917 drought,and the creation of the WaiAkea Homesteads, caused a marked reduction in sugar production for the years of 1918 and 1919,HCR began to transport freight for four additional sugar plantations. which resulted in increased revenues for the two years following, When the Waiakea Mill Company's lease of Wailkea Ahupua`a expired in 1918 preparations were undertaken, encouraged by Territorial Governor McCarthy,for a large-scale homesteading experiment(Horowitz et al. 1969).The land holdings of the company, which had increased to more than 7,00C acres by 1918, were placed under new homesteading laws that required the government to lease portions of it to individual homesteaders who would be willing to grow sugarcane(Kelly et al. 1981).The Waioikea Mill company lands were divided up by the Territory of Hawaii into house lots,homesteads,and cane lots of various sizes for lease and purchase{Figure 11).The house lots, centered along Kilauea Avenue, were primarily for the working men and their families to establish residences. The first series of homesteads were created by 1919, followed by the cane Iots. The homesteads and cane lots ranged in size from 10 to 76 acres and stretched west from Kilauea Avenue(Kelly et al. 1981).They encompassed much of the already cultivated cane lands of WaiAkea, including the current study area, which was created as part of the roughly 31-acre Lot 914 of the second series of the Waiakea Homesteads. Ainaola Drive(adjacent to the main railroad line) and Haihai Street, which extends along the northern boundary of the study parcel, were also created as par:of this subdivision (as Road A and Road 12, respectively). A map of the homesteads prepared in 1918-1919 (Figure 12) shows Lot 914,the newly created streets.the rail line,and Camp 5A(with Camp 5C unlabeled to the east).The map depicts at least seven structures within the combined camps 5A and 5C at that time. Camps 5B and 5D which make up the remainder of the Wai8kea Mill Company's Camp No.5,were formerly situated on the opposite side of Ainaola Drive, 14 AIS of TMK:(3)2-4.039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawaii 2, Background > 0 0 A 0 J t Ld 0 4 73 E 0 .2 z cn 4 v- 71 CL qt -40 61: de &0 AIS of TW(3)2-4-039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawaii 15 I Background rf '\drr f 4n � yak 3• �,r ' i 1I •J•r• \ A l• r% .J ] }J]] rr..e .... E fY[r JF'i'v'�`{r'A� d W ,y `1l r� n` a.0 Ca CU qk Ilk- i: ,� /ham, ��'e-,� "• �' �� v It ' l t; .��r' t , � 'r •\.`r, a yr' VA Cz .10 01. IL ��r��` rev!/ �` y •�: �k �� �. r y?' '1'pr� 'y�� .(� �y, :r, � 4 �y,''�; -r� •.t !' F;�_ L r" fir ` `� � � r w 1.6 AIS of TIv&(3)24-039:025,Wai&M South Hilo,HawaN i 4 f t 2. Background Contracts drawn up between the homesteaders and the Waiakea Mill Company stipulated that the Homesteaders were expected to care for, harvest, and arrange for transport of the sugarcane to the mill, while the Waiakea Mill Company was expected to grind the crop.The company was to retain 40%of the proceeds from the sale of the refined sugar, while the individual growers received the other 60%, less the milling expenses (Kelly et al. 1981). The government provided mortgages to the Homesteaders for construction and field expenses(Maly 1996b).Horowitz et al. (1969)explain the Waiakea homesteading process,noting that the experiment was ultimately a colossal failure: On June 1, 1918,shortly after Governor McCarthy took office,a lease of public land held by the Waiakea Mill Company on 7,261 acres of sugar cane land expired. This land, located in the South Hilo district of the island of Hawaii, was selected for homesteading because it was both extraordinarily fertile and easily accessible,being located close to the seaport of Hilo.The Waiakea plantation had been one of the most profitable sugar corporations in the Islands from its inception until 1918, and there was every promise that homesteading could be successfully undertaken on a portion of the plantation's land.In March, 1919,and subsequently in February, 1921,a total of 216 lots in the Waiakea homestead tract were carved out of the plantation's acreage and were conveyed to individuals under the terms of special homestead agreements, These lots incorporated an area of 7,261 acres,of which approximately 6,300 acres,or 88 per cent,consisted of cane land.The balance of the acreage was a mixture of various kinds of land, some of which was suitable for other agricultural pursuits.The total appraised value of the land was more than half a million dollars. Applications for homestead lots in the Waiakea tract numbered over 2,000, far more than the number of lots available.To meet this problem,it was determined the homesteads would be awarded by a lottery, without reference to whether the prospective homesteaders had any experience in farming,or any of the other qualifications that might have contributed to successful homesteading. Nor did the territorial government plan to assist the homesteaders by providing trained agricultural agents,such as the county extension agents found on the mainland United States;neither did it assist the homesteaders with adequate roads or marketing facilities. In short, virtually nothing was done to create conditions that would contribute to the success of this unique experiment in homesteading. The inevitable outcome, of course, was that the Waiakea homesteading project was an immediate and ovenvltelming failure.. . The short-term results of the Waiakea experiment,then, were the ruin of many homesteaders, temporary disruption of the efficient functioning of a great and prosperous plantation, which suffered continued, substantial, financial losses until it was able to recapture most of its lost land, and a permanent loss of tax revenue to the territorial government. Understandably, this disastrous homestead experiment gave rise to considerable bitterness and recrimination and focused attention on the feasibility and desirability of further homesteading programs. For many, the failure at Waiakea provided the final;dramatic proof that homesteading couldn't work in Hawaii.(Horowitz et aL 1969:36-37) Following a poor initial harvests,disputes arose between the Waiakea Mill Company and the homesteaders.The homesteader's were concerned about the lack of labor for harvesting and the public sale of the company owned camps and stables. An article in the Domestic Sugar Producers Inc.'s publication Facts About Sugar Volume K, pub.ished on November 8, 1919,reported that: Waiakea Mill company is prepared to spend $50,000 for improvements for the benefit of the homesteaders to increase the crop for 1921.More laborers are needed to this end and the company will provide housing accommodations for the 900 more workers required. In return the homesteaders agree to withdraw their objections to the public sale of the lease on camp and stable sites, (page 366) By the time the next cane crop was harvested in 1920 more concerns were being raised about the program by both the Homesteaders and the Waiakea Mill Company,and the Waiakea Homestead Commission(WHC)was established to investigate the matter. The WHC found fault on the part of both parties. stating that while the Waiakea Mill Company failed to fulfill its contractual obligations to the Homesteaders;the ignorance,negligence, and inability of the Homesteaders to properly care for the cane also contributed to poor yields and the loss of revenues.The Louisiana Planter and Sugar Manufacturer for February 25, 1922 reported that"Many of the homesteaders at Waiakea.Island of Hawaii, the majority of whom are cane growers, who find themselves `tip against W financially and otherwise, due largely to poor crops and the present financial depression,and their inability to obtain further funds with which to Al ofTMK:(3)24-039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawai'i 17 2. Background carry on until conditions became normal again,may be compelled as a last resort to forfeit their homestead lots t0 the territorial government"(page 122).By 1922 the homesteaders owed a total debt of roughly$932.000 to the Waiakea Mill Company(The f.nuisiana Planter and.CugarManufacturer,Vol, lxviii,No.21,ApriI 22, 1922,pg.337). The Waiakea homestead situation ultimately led to litigation that was resolved in 1922 when a settlement was reached between the Government,the Homesteaders, and the Waiakea Mill Company that extended the leases for sixteen.years(until 1938)and stipulated that the Homesteaders were to grow cane on their lands until,or unless,they fulfilled the residential and other requirements,and obtained title to their lands(Maly 1996b).As part of the settlement The Louisiana Planter and Sugar Manufacturer for April 22. 1922 reported that: The WaiakeaMill Co.has agreed to take over the cultivation of the entire area of the Second Series of Homesteads of the Waiakea tract, and to cancel all existing contracts with those homesteaders who do not desire to enter into the new agreement as now proposed.Those homesteaders who do not desire to enter into the proposed agreement may continue under the contracts they now have with the mill company,and the latter will proceed,under the new arrangement,to assume full control of the holdings of those who abandon existing contracts. Taking over the homestead lands by the company will relieve the homesteaders of all responsibility with regard to cultivation,fertilization,harvesting,hauling,milling,and care of tools (Vol.lxviii,No.21,pg. 337). The result of the Waiakea homesteading experiment and the extent of its failure was summarized in a 1946 report prepared by a territorial land law revision commission: Forty percent of these homesteaders forfeited their land through failure to make their payments when due or for other breach of covenant. Sixty percent, either direct:y or through their successors in interest, were strong enough, many as a result of legislative relief measures, to hold their lots and secure patents. But forfeited or not, we find today nearly ninety percent of the original cane land again in the hands of Waiakea Mill Co. (5537 acres)for the production of sugar,partly as a result of direct leases with the Territory of forfeited lots and partly by direct lease agreements with the owners of the patented lots or lots still held for patent.The Territory today receives an annual rent of approximately S12,700.00 net per annum from Waiakea Mil_ Co. in this area. It might have received a rental of at least$50,000.00 annually if the cane land had been kept intact and leased as a whale to the Mill Company. Had this been done the people of the Territory would have been the beneficiaries of this increased revenue. The majority of the Waiakea homesteaders'.unlike its pioneer American prototype,had no intention of tilling the soil. The recollection still lingers in many minds of"Waiakea No.L"His intentions have been of the best but his agricultural background and qualifications were woefully lacking, There were many others in this category.But whatever qualifications the applicants may have had, the results speak for themselves.Almost 90%of the original cane area is again under cultivation by the MiII Company in accordance with large-scale farming methods.The homesteader has retreated w the position of landlord.His tenant is the plantation that cleared and developed the land originally. It would seem that the public interest in the public domain should be conserved and protected against dissipation in favor of the few who may be successful in securing homesteads . . . (Report of December 31, 1946,Land Laws Revision Commission,Territory of Hawaii,pp.7-10) A Map of the Land Under Cultivation by the Waiakea Mill Co., Hilo, Hawaii, prepared in 1922 by W. L. S. Williams(and corrected to December,1933)shows that the current study area(Lot 914)was a portion of Field 21 of the mi:l company's fields (Figure 13). That map also shows the location of Camp 5, the main be of the railroad (following the current route of Ainaola Drive)along the southern boundary of the study area_ and a spur line of the railroad (Spur 9) passing the northeastern corner of the study area at Haihai Street, The Waiakea Mill Company worker's camps were closed during the mid-1900s and the houses located therein were moved elsewhere, including those at Camp 5.The Waiakea Mill Company reached its maximum production of 17,939 tons of sugar in 1940,but after World War II, as the City of Hilo continued to grow, and the trucking of sugar became cheaper than the transportation by rail,the company could not compete,and gave up much of its Waiakea lands(Dorrance and Morgan 2000). Dorrance and Morgan note that "hauling harvests to mill with trucks proved unsatisfactory, and the rocky terrain did not lend itself to mechanical han�esting"(2000:105) 18 AIS of TMK:(3)2-4-039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawaii 2. Background ayi e 1 f zf q r 1919 Ainoola Chive jr9 ►�^,r fart -Fn.o i •'lcrssa � .•' � ..- G r •ert ?•7i d ...y:!d Srd 7/74'L +'l Sw11 � ra.o C5f0�.••• I'*]F �ra.l1 ,yuc �c r9 71C,4 SIC.a r�e i 1r Lao ...... rp erOd? 7.J%a r c sJ .ad ZA rJ /,f f I-Od ..sc . lass ■�z.:I L Ss.�s .-,..ier _ r ra.s i VA 77 xa494 o+ L Ire d07,4% j740A t GI-4.4 rSI A t .'90.S Ja"C � I'.'I,3�E 713.4 G'r3.i Siyl rJpsx 1 � 7r� Cry 57� 14 L-a�-ra_t,.r.�.. ..• r s.rs aaar ra.. l a q rr " ram-f 7r.t.4 ! .57Z.1 LO . ...�{ 7113 Crid sled 17id .94f .atpr j rST d 3d.*2 Jrr+ � 4 s i c r j wvr t u{r rr L,••. swig 5 r J 7 I�"x4 J+Lf r J is 7 J7 "i I 13 T 1�{ r J I T sIn y 1 Ak� r/ L4444►►�'' + -,roc. f°° era s rr Jlla +h*+ IF j! • Inv ti !is '"?fr Jaa 1 .rxa "as I ��+ae: Jam•'� Jse Figure I T Portion of 1922 Waiakea Mill Company map showing current project area(shaded red)within Lot 914 of Field21 (F.21). A!S of TMK:(3)24-039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawaii 19 2. Background In 1938 when the Waiakea leases were renegotiated,many of the Homesteaders acquired title to their lands,and the Town of Hilo began to change from a company town centered on sugarcane production to a small city.Jared Smith in a July 2. 1941 article in the Ho„lohrlu Advertiser entitled"Waiakea.Mill Has Had Long,Stormy Career"writes: ...Already,homesteaders who have paid their debts,observed residence requirements and acquired title from the government, are subdividing their properties into city lots. The lower end of the plantation is slightly, looking down on City and Harbor. . . Owners are building streets into their subdivisions.City water is available and gas and electricity. Other homesteaders who have acquired titles are raising poultry or pigs,and growing flowers and vegetables instead of cane. The plantation will lose more cane land as Hilo grows, (Maly 1996b:29) Those Homesteaders that did not acquire title to their lands in 1938 continued to grow sugarcane for the Waiakea Mill Company. The current study area was cultivated as part of the Waiakea Mill Company's sugarcane fields until roughly 1947, when the contractual and legal problems associated with the homesteads, combined with a declining sugar market,and the devastating effects of a tsunami that struck Hilo on April 1", 1946,caused the company to close its mill and cease operations (Rechtman and Henry 1998). The HCR also ceased operations following the 1946 tsunami. Soon after the closure of the Waiakea Mill Company, the rcughly 31-acre Lot 914 of the Waiakea Homesteads was purchased in fee-simple as Grant No. 11642 by the Higa family.Tax records indicate that two lean- to structures were built on the lot in 1948 followed by a house. a carport,and two utility sheds in 1950, and another house in 1952.These structures can be seen to the south of the current study area in a 1954 aerial photograph(Figure 14)of he Waiakea Homesteads,but the structures formerly located at Camp 5 are no longer present.Also visible in the aerial photograph are several dark lines that appear to be former clearing stone mounds and stone alignments related to the clearing of fields and the Historic cultivation of sugarcane. Another tsunami roared through Hilo Bay Around one o'clock in the morning on May 23, 1960 and claimed the lives of 61 people. The series of eight waves destroyed more than 500 buildings and caused millions of dollars of property damage.The coastal community at Waiakea was decimated by the tsunami and associated flooding, which inundated an area from central Hilo east to Keaukaha.The waves crushed some structures and lifted others off of their foundations and swept them inland. Waiakea Town, along the coast of the ahupua'a never recovered from the devastation and was not rebuilt.As a result of the1960 tsunami,the government established safety zones in most of the low-lying areas that flooded where businesses and residences were not permitted to rebuild;the government also exchanged state lands for the resettlement of families and then businesses(Kobayashi and Nakamura 2008). Despite the 1960 tsunami the City of Hilo continued to expand, eventually encompassing the former Waiakea cane lands as the residential subdivisions sprawled up slope from the city's center. The current study area while surrounded by residential communities,was used as pasture, and remained in the hands of the Higa family until ca. 2012,when the roughly 26-acre study parcel was subdivided from the original 31-acre property(Lot 914/Grant 11642) and sold to the current landowner. PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES An early archaeological study of East Hawai'i was conducted by Hudson(1932)for the B.P.Bishop Museum.Hudson noted that„ "there was an important village and trading center around Hilo Bay" (1932:20), but related that, "no archaeological remains are to be found within the town of Hilo itself except a few stones which are said to have been taken from heiaus..."(1932:226).Hudson related that one heiau was formerly present in Waiakea Ahupua'a near the route of the present day Kilauea Avenue,He writes: There was a heiau named Kapaieie near Hon ok awail an i in Waiakea.BIoxam who passed the site on his way from Hilo to the volcano says that its center was marked by a single coconut tree. At the time of his visit nothing remained but ruined walls choked with weeds.He was told that the priests would lie in wait for passersby and dispatch them with clubs.Thrum [1907:401 states that the site was famed in the Hilo-Puna wars but its size and class are unknown.No remains of any kind could be found and no Hawaiians with whom I talked had ever heard of it,(Hudson 19312.40) More recent archaeological studies conducted in the vicinity of the current study area(Figure 15)have produced either negative results,or have identified almost exclusively Historic Period archaeological remains associated with the Waiakea Sugar Plantation fields,which operated in Waiakea Ahupua`a between 1879 and 1947.Previous studies conducted within the former Waiakea Homesteads that reported archaeological findings are summarized below, 20 AIS of TMK:(3)2-4-039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawaii 2. Background P� °^P�' ,�°�t '� ka, to ',� ✓o`� '� yyt� x� "yM� ;^r ,� � w ter m as �f s a a VO & , r, t ,,, «.�44r c Figure 14. 1954 aerial photogrpah showing the current study area outlined in red. Hunt and McDermott (1993) conducted an archaeological inventory survey of the proposed Pu`ainak6 Street extension within Waidkea Ahupua`a to the northeast of the current study area(see Figure 15).As a result of that survey 11 sites containing 97 features were recorded within the proposed road alignment.All of the recorded sites and features were evaluated as dating to the Historic Period and were determined to be associated with the Waidkea Sugar Plantation. The features included numerous stacked mounds, curvilinear walls, platforms, terraces, enclosures, and modified outcrops.Hunt and McDermott suggest that these features were created of rocks cleared from the sugarcane fields during planting,and that the edges of the mounds were stacked"to increase the efficiency and holding capacities of the piles,thereby allowing more cleared space for sugarcane"(1993:31).All of the stone features recorded within the road corridor were characterized by loose stacking along the edges, which made them unstable and subject to collapse. Hunt and McDermott (1993:90) suggest that this stacking technique is characteristic of Historic Period features only, and can be used to differentiate those features from Precontact constructions, which would typically have more stable,vertical edges and prepared top surfaces. Borthwick et al. (1993)conducted an archaeological inventory survey of a 163-acre UH Hilo parcel(TMKs(3) 2-4-01:007 and 041) and Borthwick and Hammatt (1993) conducted a supplemental archaeological survey of an adjacent 11 acre area(TMK:(3)2-4-01:019 por.)that were both located to the northeast of the current study area near the Pu ainak6 Street extension corridor(see Figure 15).As a result of those surveys four Historic Period sites attributed to the Waidkea Sugar Plantation's use of the area for sugarcane cultivation were recorded. The sites included an agricultural field complex (Site 18667) consisting of two discontinuous field walls with approximately 25 stone clearing mounds between;an enclosure(Site 18668)and an enclosure/wall(Site 18669)that were interpreted as the remains of a twentieth century camp and lunch station once occupied by the field workers;and another field complex (Site 18670) containing roughly sixteen stone clearing mounds. Two of the mounds at Site 18670 were subject to subsurface testing, indicating that the features were constructed and maintained historically as part of the Waidkea Mill Company's sugar cane fields. Borthwick and Hammatt suggest that"the construction and maintenance of the mounds. . . were done to increase the cultivatable soil area by removing rocks from the fields and piling them into mounds and/or along field edges"(1993:13). AIS of TMK:(3)2-4-039:025,Waidkea,South Hilo,Hawaii 21 2. Background t. 0 .5 1 kmle FW PWW t w t AW WRffzA WM Clark et al.2012; Spear 1999 Nelson et al.2015 - 4 H j r-♦ Clark and Rechtman 2006 Maly et al. 1 94: Spear 1995 --f F-scott 7llil'! h rn ott a Htrtlltnatt 1001 a •�. w r Kechtman and Henry 19°18; t i Rechtman 2012 .-. Bush ct al. 20U0 � t� i Borthwick eta], 1993; � {Hunt a 91 Hun and McDermott 1 3, Both►nick and Hammatt 1993 1' y Dircks et A-008 y . ti 1 1 �. s Current study area - Figure 15.Previous archaeological studies conducted in the vicinity of the current study area. Maly et al. (1994) conducted an archaeological inventory survey of a 4,5-acre parcel (TMK: (3) 2-4-57:001) located to the northeast of the current study area adjacent to W.Kawili Street(see Figure 15).Four sites containing a total of 51 features were recorded as a result of that study. The identified features included rock mounds, walls,and an enclosure that were very similar to those previously recorded by Hunt and McDermott(1993)within the proposed PWAinako Street extension (Maly et al. visited the sites within the road corridor to compare the features). It was determined that all of the features dated to the Historic Period and were associated with sugarcane cultivation. However, further investigation was recommended at the sites to test for the possibility of subsurface Precontact 22 AIS ofTMi{:(3)2-4-039:025,WaAkea,South Hilo.Hawaii d 2. Background cultural deposits. No Precontact cultural deposits were identified during the subsequent data recovery excavations carved out by Spear(1995),and it was confirmed that all of the sites and features were constructed during Historic times,primarily as clearing features,for the cultivation of sugarcane. Maly(1996b)conducted oral history interviews with knowledgeable individuals as part of Historical documentary research concerning W aiAkea Cane Lots 12, 13, 17, 18, 19,20&20-A,relates that clearing mounds were a common feature of the historic sugarcane field.Interviewees suggested that the mounds,such as those identified by Maly et al. i (1994)and tested by Spear(1995),were indeed created during sugarcane field clearing activities,but also served other purposes,such as being used to load the harvested cane into carts or trucks,or being used by the field managers as high places from which they could watch the workers in the fields. One interviewee who worked for the Waiakca Sugar Plantation, Kenneth Bell (born 1915),recalled that the field managers"used to ride their horses all over the fields,and in some places they would ride up the ramps on these platforms to survey the fields",because,"from on ( top of the platforms on top of their horses,they could see aA over the fields"(Maly 1996b.58). Rechtman and Henry(1998)conducted an archaeological inventory survey of roughly 40 acres(TMK:(3)24- 01:005)located within Waiakea Ahupua`a between KAwili Street and Pt1`$inaM Street to the northeast of the current project area(see Figure 15).As a result of that survey a single site(Site 21461)containing 117 features was recorded. The features included seven walls,five sets of parallel walls,three enclosures, and 102 mounds.The features were interpreted as being related to sugarcane cultivation during the Historic Period.The parallel walls represented either irrigation ditches or right-of-ways associated small gauge railroad lines.While the remaining care-filled walls and the enclosures were used for an undetermined Historic function likely related to sugarcane cultivation.The mounds were all situated on bedrock at the top or bottom edges of slopes and were determined to be clearing piles.Rechtman and ( Henry describe the 102 mounds as follows: The majority of the features identified during the current study consisted of mounds(n=102 or 87%).These mounds vary considerably in shape, size and method of construction. Oval-shaped mounds are the most common(n=49)followed by linear mounds(n=21).The 32 remaining mounds are circular(n=8),rectangular(n-5),L-shaped(n:-1),and amorphous(n-18). i. The mounds range in length from 2.4 to 25 meters(averaging 7.4 meters),in width from 0.7 to 15 meters(averaging 4.3 meters),and in height from 0.4 to 2.5 meters(averaging 1.4 meters).The surface area of the mounds varies from 3.6 to 375 meters(averaging 38.9 meters). The majority of the mounds have surface areas of less than 30 m=(n-57 or 5511/a),and 28 yielded areas greater than 30 meters and less than 50 meters.The 17 remaining mounds are over 50 meters. The majority of the mounds are built of piled cobbles and boulders (n 60 or 59%). These mounds have sloping sides with convex surfaces.Thirteen of the 102 mounds are constructed of stacked cobbles and boulders, with near-vertical sides and irregular surfaces. The 29 remaining t mounds have stacked,near-vertical bases,with piled boulders and cobbles on top,forming convex surfaces...(1998:19) ( In 2012 UH Hilo began construction of a Student Housing Complex within a roughly five acre portion of the ( Rechtman and Henry(1998)project area During the initial grubbing and grading of this area archaeological monitors were present(Rechtman 2015,see Figure 15)as roughly 12 of the clearing mounds and one of the walls within Site 21461 were destroyed.No subsurface cultural deposits,archaeological features,artifacts,or remains of any kind were f observed by the archaeological monitors during the ground disturbing activities. Bush et al. (2000) and McDermott and Hammatt (2001) conducted archaeological inventory surveys of two i, continuous study areas totaling roughly 30 acres within TMK:(3)2-4-001:169 located to the northeast of the current study parcel(see Figure 15).In the eastern 20-acre portion of the parcel Bush et al.(2000)identified a single human femur beneath the overhang of a skylight of a small lava tube within a 750-1,000 year old pdhoehoe lava flow.The d site(Site 22734) was designated a burial and recommended for preservation. In the western 10-acre portion of the parcel McDermott and Hammatt identified two stacked,stone, clearing mounds(Sites 22734 and 22735)associated 4 with the Historic use of the property by the Waidkea Mill Company for sugarcane cultivation during the late 1800s and early 1900s.No subsurface testing was conducted and no further work was recommended for the clearing mound sites. ( Escott(2004)conducted an archaeological inventory survey of a 258-acre parcel(TMK:(3)2-4-01:122)located to the northeast of the current study area surrounding the Bush et al. (2000)and McDermott and Hammatt(2001) study areas (see Figure 15). The Escott survey area was also situated at the western end of the Pu`ainako Street i AI5 of TMK:(3)24-039:025,WaiAkea,South Hilo,Hawaii 23 1 i C i' 2. Background extension corridor surveyed by Hunt and McDermott(1993).As a result of the survey,Escott(2004)recorder twenty archaeological sites(Sites 18918, 18919,20681,and 24233-24247),eighteen of which were interpreted as associated with the Historic cultivation of sugarcane.The ether twn sites alsn dated to the Fdistnric Period,but were interpreted as related to ranching and World War II military activities.The recorded sites included two rock aiignments,a rock concentration, a rock mound; six sugarcane fields„ an enclosed lava blister, a water catchment, three dirt roads, two World War 1I era U.S.military fighting positions,the old location of the Fair View Dairy where I ate r military activities also took place during World War II,and an old fence line marked by three iron fence posts.The six sugarcane field sites all contained multiple features,nearly all of which were rock piles interpreted as field clearing mounds.Although none of the clearing mound features within the former sugarcane fields were tested by Escott(2004).he relates that "the historic sugar cane fields are well documented on historical maps and in historical maps",and that,"soil depths at these sites are very shallow, features are built on bedrock outcrops, and the dismantling of features during past testing has contributed no new archaeological data to improve our understanding of them"(2004:113-114). Clark and Rechtman(2006) conducted a study of a five acre parcel ,TMK: (3) 24-01:179) located along the mauka edge of Kapi`olani Street to the northeast of the current study area(see Figure 15).As a result of the study a single,rectangular shaped,stacked cobble mound(SIHP Site 25548),measuring roughly 5 meters long by 4 meters wide by up to 1.5 meters tall,was recorded and tested.To aid in a determination of function,a 1 x 2 meter test unit was excavated at Site 25548.The unit was placed Iengthwise parallel to the west wall of the feature,offset one meter to the east.The unit stretched from the feature's nor-them edge to its approximate center.Excavation of TU-1 revealed the presence of two stratigraphic layers(Layers I and II)resting on bedrock.Layer 1,the architectural layer,consisted of piled small to large sized, angular and subangular, basalt cobbles with large airspaces between them and roots present throughout, The architectural layer was very loose and prone to easy collapse.Layer I was present from the surface of TU-1 to a depth of 120 centimeters beneath the surface of the unit(in the approximate center of the feature) where Layer II was encountered.Layer II consisted of very dark brown(IOYR 2f2)silty clay loam that was extremely sticky and wet, and contained large basalt cobbles and roots throughout. 'phis soil layer appeared to be the original ground surface that Layer I was constructed upon. Artifacts recovered from Layer I were limited to a horseshoe discovered 20 centimeters below the surface of the unit along the east wall.and a small;green plastic tube discovered resting on Layer II at the base of Layer I near the south wall of the unit. Clark and Rechtman(2006)suggest that the plastic tube may have filtered down through the architectural layer,as it appeared to be of fairly modern origin.Based on the formal attributes of Site 25548,its iocation within a known former fieid of the Waiakea Sugar Plantation,and the historic/modem artifacts recovered from TL;-1, the mound was interpreted as a historic clearing pile associated with the cultivation of sugarcane that once occurred in the area. Dircks et al.(2008)conducted an archaeological inventory survey of two parcels{TMKs: (3)2-4-12:16 and 17) totaling four acres within former Lot 617 B of the Waiakea Homesteads. located to the northeast of the current study area (see Figure 15).As a result of the survey four Historic Period archaeological sites were identified, including a rock clearing mound associated with the cultivation of sugarcane on the property(Site 26470), a partial enclosure interpreted as the remains of 1950s-era workshop structure(Site 26471),and two core-filled rock walls(Sites 26472 and 26473).As part of the study an oral interview was conducted with Mr. Yoshfo Inaba,who purchased the larger Lot 617B of the Wai3kea Homesteads during the 1940's. Mr. Inaba stated that at the time of his purchase.which he thought was a good investment, the sugarcane was knee high, and that cane was to be the last harvest of the sugar company.He never lived on the property,and did not know anything about the specific archaeological features, or if they were present when he purchased the land,but he did indicate that he used to Iet community people use the property for agricultural purposes,and thought they may have built the Site 26471 structure. Clark et al. (2012) conducted an archaeological inventory survey of a corridor for the proposed extension of Kapi`olani Street between Lanikaula Street and Mohouli Street to the northeast of the current study area(see Figure 15).As a result of the survey four archaeological sites dating to the Historic Period were recorded within the survey corridor.The sites included a modified drainage(Site 29370)and earthen ditch(Site 29371)designed to controI water flow from the Waiakea Stream basin during times of heavy rain, a piled cobble mound interpreted as a clearing pile associated with sugarcane cultivation(Site 29372), and the remnants of the old Hilo Dairy buildings (Site 29373) including several concrete foundations, metal roofing material, and a bottle dump. No subsurface testing was conducted as part of the study, but during subsequent monitoring of the initial grubbing and grading of the road corridor(Nelson et al. 2015)a concrete cesspool was identified in the vicinity of the old Hilo Dairy buildings(Site 29373), and several Historic period artifacts were recovered including glass bottles, buttons, ceramics, and a U.S. liberty nickel. 24 AIS ofTNX:(3)24-039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawaii d G ( t 4. Study Area Expectations ( ( 4. STUDY AREA EXPECTATIONS The current study area is located at an elevation of approximately 150 to 170 meters above sea level in Waiakea Ahupua`a within an area that during Precontact times was accessed primarily for the procurement forest resources, d but that during the Historic Period was extensively modified for the cultivation of sugarcane(McEldowney 1979). Previous archaeological studies conducted within this area have demonstrated that the Historic clearing of the forests for the creation of fields and the cultivation sugarcane had a detrimental effect on the earlier Precontact archaeological (' landscape.Archaeological studies conducted in the vicinity of the current study area have produced either negative results,or have identified almost exclusively Historic Period archaeological remains associated with the Wai5kea Mill Cam fields.Precontact features are largely absent within the former sugarcane 1�Y 8 Y fields of Waiakea. The First lease for sugarcane cultivation in Waiakea Ahupua`a was awarded in 1874, but the Waiakca Mill Company, founded in 1879, vastly expanded the area under cultivation throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.By the early 1900s the current study area was wholly subsumed within Field 21 of the WaiBkea Mill Company's fields.The main plantation rail line,used to transport cane from the fields to the mill,once followed the current alignment of Ainaola Drive along the southeastern boundary of the current study area, and Camp 5, operated by the plantation for housing workers was once situated along the rail line adjacent to the study area.When the WaiAkea Homesteads,and Cane Lots were created in ea. 1919,the cane fields were divided and leased to individual growers.The current study area was a portion of Lot 914 of the former Waiakea Homesteads(second series).By the late 1940s the railroad tracks were removed as the plantation company began to truck its cane from the fields to the mill,and the current alignments of Ainaola Drive and Haihai Street were built. Camp 5 was also closed around this time and the farmer camp structures were moved elsewhere.Sugarcane was continuously cultivated within the current study parcel until ca. 1947,when the Wailkea Mill Company went out of business.Following the closure of the sugar company the current study area was used as pasture,which now lays fallow. Given the specific history of the current study parcel and the findings of previous archaeological studies conducted in its vicinity, it is likely that Historic features associated with the cultivation of sugarcane within Field 21 of the r Waiakea Mill Company fields and Lot 914 of the Waiakea Homesteads will be encountered.Historic Period features related the cultivation of sugarcane could include rock clearing mounds,modified outcrops,enclosures,alignments, rock walls,or roadbeds. It is also possible that debris or structures related to the trill company's former rail line and Camp 5 will be identified along the southeastern boundary of the study area adjacent to Ainaola Drive.No Precontact sites or features are expected within the study area given the destructive nature of the Historic land clearing that is known to have occurred between 1879 and 1947 for the preparation and cultivation of the Wai9kea Mill Company's sugarcane fields. E i AIS ofT K:(3)2-4-039:02.5,Waiakea,South.Hilo,Hawaii 25 5. Fieldwork 5. FIELDWORK Fieldwork for the current sttidy was conducted on October 26,November 24,25 and 30,2015 by Matthew R.Clark, and Ivana Hall,B.A.,under the supervision of Robert B.Rechtman,Ph.D. METHODS The surface of the entire study parcel was inspected by fieldworkers walking north/south pedestrian transects spaced at fifteen meter intervals.During the initial transect sweeps UTM locations were collected for all of the enccuntered archaeological features (set to the NAD 83 datum). During subsequent fieldwork all of the identified features were revisited,minimally cleared of vegetation,and thoroughly examined for indicators of function and age.As the features were recorded they were assigned sequential feature numbers(Feature 1,2,3,etc.)and plotted on a scaled map of the study area using the Garmin Vista HCx handheld GPS unit. A measuring tape was used to collect metric feature dimensions{length, width,and height),and each feature was described using a standardized feature record form.All of the features were also photographed with a meter stick and north arrow for scale and orientation.As the identified features were clearly associated with land clearing activities for the Historic cultivation of sugarcane,they were all assigned a single SIT IP site designation and no subsurface testing was conducted. FINDINGS As a result of the current inventory survey a single archaeological site(SIH?Site 50-10-35-T-1)containing forty-one features was identified within the study parcel,These features,given their-formal attributes and location within Field 21 of the former Waiakea Mill Company's fields,are all interpreted as clearing piles related to the Historic cultivation of sugarcane. The features of Site T-1 a.7e spread across the entire study area(Figure 16).No evidence of Camp 5. with the possible exception of same Historic debris at one of the clearing features,or the former railroad along AinaoIa Drive was observed during the current stady.A detailed description of Site T-I follows below. SIBP Site T-1 Site T-1 consists of a complex of forty-one features that span the study area (see Figure 16). The features include twenty-nine mounds,eleven modified contours,and a wall(Table 1).These features,given their formal attributes and location within Field 21 of the former Waiakea Mill Company's fields,are all interpreted as clearing piles related to the Historic cultivation of sugarcane.The association of the clearing piles with the former cane field suggests that they were all likely built and maintained during an approximately 50 year period.between roughly 1889 and 1947,when the sugar plantation operated in Waiakea Ahupua'a.Most of the features identified at Site T-1 are visible ir.a 1954 aerial photograph(see Figure 14).taken at a time when the study area was active pasture and the tall vegetation that blankets the property today had not yet had time to mature.The description of Site T-1 presented here begins with a presentation of the formal feature types observed within the parcel and the specific distribution of those features, followed by a discussion of feature and site function and the associated cultural debris.An assessment of the site's significance and treatment rcconuncndations for the identified features are presented at the conclusion of this repor#. Three distinct feature types were observed amongst the clearing piles recorded at Site T-1 (see Table 1). The feature types include mound, modified contour, and wall. A mound is collection of stones that is raised above the ground surface on all sides.The mounds recorded at Site T-1 are typically constructed on fairly level or slightly sloped terrain within the former sugarcane field themselves. Modified contours are similar to mounds, but are constructed against the natural slope of the terrain,and rely on that slope contour for support along at least one edge.The modified contours recorded at Site T-1 are typically found along the steeply sloped edges of a drainage basin that occupies the northern portion of the study area;given the steep slopes that they are constructed against, modified contours were likely found at the boundaries of the sugarcane field sections.Walls are linear or curvilinear alignments of stcnes that are considerably Ionger than they are wide.Only one wall(Feature 10)was:dentified at Site T-1,and that wall,similar to the hounds, extends across the fairly level terrain of the former field within the current study area. Feature 10 is constructed of piled stones with an irregular/mounded top surface(no evidence of former stacking is present). Walls similar to Feature 10 appear to have been a common feature in this portion of the Waiakea cane land, however, as at least four similar walls can be seen in the 1954 aerial photograph mauka (to the southwest) of the current study area(see Figure 14).These walls extend parallel to Feature 10 at regular intervals,and may have been placed at field,or field section.boundaries.The walls extend across the prevailing.natural slope of The terrain.and in addition to being clearing features,they could have also acted as flood prevention banierslsoil traps. 26 AIS ofTMK.(3)2-4-039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawaii 5.Fieldwork z { 130 1240 9 6* 4 7% r• 5 4 � � 15r 1 3i 1 l 9* l8T� 20#1� 30 f.t 22� 3 290 �t 2 3,f ? � 2 2 5 Y 3 33 '� 34 37 39* 34 356 36 40I 410 Vegetated areas Previously grubbed areas Natural drainage contour 20 40 Feature of Site T-1 r Meters Figure 16.Locations of SIFIP Site XXXX features 1-41. AIS ofTMK: (3)24-039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawai'i 27 5. Fieldwork Table 1.Features of SIHP Site T-!. Feature Attributes Photograph i Feature 1:View to the north y ^ Type:Mound Length(m):9.6 (w Width(m):4.8 t _ Height(m). 1.4 Shape:Ovoid Edges:Stacked/Collapsed Surface.Depressed/Irregular Additional observations: Located along the north edge of a drainage $. basin. Large trees are growing from the t- surface. { Feature 2:View to the northwest `� Y l_ Type:Mound Length(m):4.8 C Width(m):4.2 h is Height(m): 1.2-2.3 ' Shape:Square ' Edges:Stacked/Collapsed Surface:Mounded Additional observations.- Located along the north edge of a drainage basin. Large trees are growing from the surface. f Feature 3: View to the northeast Type:Mound Length(m):6.O Width(m):4.9 i Height(m): 1.4-1.9 Shape:Irregular Edges:Stacked/Collapsed Surface:Sloped Additional observations: Located along the north edge of a drainage basin. Large trees are growing from the surface. 28 AIS of TMK:(3)2-4-039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawaii 5.fieldwork Table 1.continued. Feature A trihates Photograph Feature 4.View to the southwest t t l Type:Modified Contour Length(m). 11.0 � Width(m).6.5 Height(m):0.4-2.6 Ado Shape:Irregular(follows contour) Edges:Stacked/Collapsed i Surface:Sloped/Irregular Additional observations: Constructed against the southern edge of a drainage basin. South side of mound supported by the natural contour. Large trees are growing from the surface. f �- Feature 5.View to the southwest r' r > Type:Modified Contour 7 - { .Length(m): 18.5 Width(M). 1.5-3.0 Height(m):0.3-1.8 Shaper Linear(follows contour) Edges:Stacked/Collapsed Surface:Irregular Additional observations: r Constructed against the southwestern edge of a drainage basin. Large trees are growing from the surface. Feature 6.View to the south Type:Mound ' Length(m):7.6 Width(m):67 i Height(m):0.9-1.9 Shape:Irregular Edges:Stacked/Collapsed Surface:Sloped Additional observations: Constructed within an area of level soil. Waiwi,palms,and large trees are growing from the surface. AIS of TMK:(3)24-039:025,Waftea,South Hilo,Hawaii 29 5. Fieldwork Table 1.continued. Feature Attributes Photograph Feature 7.View to the northwest Type;Mound Length(m): 11.8 Width(m).6.2 Height(m): 1.5-1.8 Shape:Rectangular i Edges:Stacked/Collapsed t Surface:Level Additional observations: Eastern end of mound is level and has l modern rubbish(metal kitchen pot,plastic bleach bottle, plastic grow bag) on the surface.Large trees,waiwP,and palms are growing from the surface. Feature 8.View to the east ~� 1 F Type:Mound Length(m):5.3 C FV1d1h(m):4.2 Height(m): 1.6 Shape:Ovoid Edges:Piled Surface:Mounded Additional observations: The north edge of the mound has been impacted by bulldozing. Feature is partially covered with pushed vegetation. A large tree is growing from the surface. eature 4:View to the southwest �d r Type:Mound ! Length(m):7.3 a �I Width(m).5.1 r� Height(m): 1.2-1.6 .Shape:Irregular Edges:Piled Surface:Sloped Additional observations: Located within an area of level soil. WaiwF 1 and a large tree are growing from the surface. f i 30 AIS of TMK.:(3)24-039:025,Wailkea,South Hilo,Hawaii 1 t i. i 5.Fieldwork Table 1.continued. Feature Attributes Photograph + Feature 10:View to the southwest "+ `. r A f r Type:Wall I Length(m):98 Width(m):2.4 Height(m):0.5-1.2 Jr Shape:Linear Edges:Piled Surface:Mounded Additional observations: Long, linear rock pile. No evidence of former stacking. Covered in thick brush for most of its length. Numerous large ` +, trees growing from the surface.Bulldozed soil ground surface on both sides. ' Feature 11:View to the east Type:Mound r r ' Length(m).6.8 Width(m):3.2 } Height(m): 12 Shape:Rectangular Edges:Stacked/Collapsed Surface.Sloped Additional observations: Located within an area of level soil.Large trees are growing from the surface of the mound at the southeastern end. )Feature 12.View to the west Type:Mound ti Length m 9.6 fir' Width(m).3.5 Height(m): 1.8-2.5 Shape:Rectangular Edges:Stacked/Collapsed Surface:Mounded Additional observations, Located within an area of level suit.Large trees are growing from the surface. AIS of TMK:(3)24-039:025,WaiAkea,South Hilo,Hawal'i 31 d t 5. Fieldwork Table 1.continued. Feature Attributes Photograph Feature 13:View to the southwest a C. Type:Mound `"a Length(m):7A 7 14 i' Width(m).6.3 t Height(m):1.2 Shape:Rectangular Edges:Stacked/Collapsed Surface:Fairly Level Additional observations.- Located within an area of level soil. Y. t Several very large trees are growing from (' Y the surface. Feature 14:View to the southeast Type:Mound Length(m):10.6 Width(m):6.0 Height(m): 1.6 d Shape:Irregular Edges.Stacked/Collapsed Surface:Mounded Additional observations: Only 4.8 meters of the 10.6 meters in overall length are located within the W current study area. A property fence a, bisects this feature. Large trees are growing from the surface. _ y Feature 15:View to the west Type:Mound Length(m).7.2 Width(m):4.2 Height(m).0.8-1.3 Shape:Irregular t, Edges:Piled ;. Surface:Irregular Additional observations: x, 4 Located within an area of level soil along �" a the northeastern edge of Feature 10. A r W w large tree is growing from the surface. 32 AI5 of TN K:(3)2-4-039:025,Waificea,South Hilo,Hawaii �A f .., 5.Fieldwork Table 1.continued. Feature Attributes Photograph 7 Feature 16:View to the northwest Type:Mound yl Length(m): 13.3 Wrath(m):6.8 w Height(m):0.8-1.3 r s Shape:Rectangular "`•,_ ` Edges:Stacked/CoIlapsed Surface:SIoped y " Additional observations: Located within an area of level soil. Several Iarge trees are growing from the surface. Feature 17:View to the southeast Type:Modified Contour Length(m):6.0 Width(m):4.0 Height(m):0.4-2.3 Shape:Rectangular Edges:StackedlCollapsed Surface:Mounded Additional observations. Constructed against the southern edge of a drainage basin. Several large trees are growing from the surface. Feature l$:View to the southwest Type:Modified Contour Length(m):6.6 r = Width(m):4.8 J Height(m):0.7-1.4 1 Shape:Rectangular Edges:Stack edlCollapsed Surface:Fairly Level Additional observations: Constructed against the southern edge of a drainage basin. Several large trees are growing from the surface. AIS of TMK:(3)7-4.039 025,Wa0kea,South Hilo,Hawaii 33 5. Fieldwork Table 1.continued. Feature Attributes Photograph Feature 19:View to the southwest " Type:Mound t. Length(m):7.2 Width(m):4.3 Height(m): 1.7 Shape:RectanguIar } Edges:Stacked/Collapsed Surface:Fairly Level Additional observations: ` Located within an area of level soil. Several large trees are growing from the surface, ( Feature 20: View to the northeast L Type:Mound f Length(m).5.4 Width(m):5.4 , Height(m): 1.1 r Shape:Square Edges:Stacked/Collapsed 1. Surface:Sloped Additional observations: Located in an area of level soil. The northwest corner of this feature appears to i have been impacted by bulIdozing.Several 1 large trees are growing from the surface. " .} ( Feature 21:View to the northwest r:- Type.Modified Contour `�► s-> ( Length(m):6.8 l Width(m):4.2 Height(m). 1.7-2.4 1' Shape:Rectangular Edges:Piled Surface:Sloped Additional observations.- Located in an area of level soil.Large trees t and waiwi are growing from the surface. Modern rubbish(a plastic Clorox bottle)is 11311 present at this feature. L 34 A1S of TMK.(3)2-4-039.025,Wai&M South Hilo,Hawaii 1. i 4 t. i 5.Fieldwork Table 1.continued. Feature A ttributes Photy ra h Feature 22:View to the northeast t _ Type:Mound '� Length(m).7.3 Width(m):4.9 x 'rt Height(m). 1.5 . Shape:Irregularf Edges:Piled Surface:Sloped/Irregular Additional observations: The top surface appears to have been recently modified (dug out and formed into walls). Large trees are growing out of the surface. Black plastic sheeting has been hung in the trees. Feature 23: View to the northeast Type:Mound Length(m):7.6 i Width(m):3.4 Height(m): 1.3-2.6 Shape:Irregular Edges:Piled Surface:Sloped Additional observations: Located along a slight bedrock contour in an area of Ievel soil.The feature appears to have been impacted by bulldozing.Several large trees are growing from the surface. Feature 24:View to the northeast 1 + Type:Modified Contour fi Length(m): 10.5 Width(m):4.9 Height(m):0.5-1.6 Shaper Rectangular Edges:Stacked Surface:Sloped Additional observations: Located in an area of level soil.Large trees and waim are growing from the surface. Modern rubbish(a plastic Clorox bottle)is present at this feature. AIS of TMK:(3)2-4-039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawaii 35 tl_ G 5. Fieldwork Table 1.continued. Feature Attributes photograph Feature 25.View to the northeast Type,Mound . Length(m):8.9 t Width(n:):5.1 Height(m): 1.3 Shape:Irregular Edges:Piled C Surface:Fairly Level Additional observations: F Located in an area of level soil.Large trees 4 and waiwi are growing out of the surface. Modem rubbish(plastic Clorox and water bottles)is present. (' Feature 26.View to the east Type:MoundAW t ' Length(m):5.3 Width(m).3.0 Height(m):0.9-1.6 ,r Shape.Irregular Edges.Stacked/Collapsed Surface:Mounded Additional observations: Located along the top(southern)edge of a r drainage basin. Level soil to the north. A large tree is growing from the surface. ' N Feature 27.View to the north , Type:Modified Contour Length(m):5.0 Width(m):3.0 Height(m):0.6-2,4 � ? Shape.-Irregular Edges:Stacked/Collapsed Surface:Sloped Additional observations. r Constructed against the southern edge of drainage basin. Large trees are growing from the surface. 0 36 AIS ofIMK:(3)24439:025,Wailikea,South Hilo,Hawaii 4 5.Fieldwork Table 1.continued. Feature Attributes Photogmph Feature 28:View to the north Type.Mound Length(m):5.4 Width(m):4.2 - Height(m): 1.5 8 Shape.Ovoid Edges:Stacked/Collapsed Surface:Fairly Level Additional observations. Located in an area of level soil to the south of a drainage basin.Large trees and waiwi are growing out of the surface. Feature 29:View to the southwest a i Type.Mound Length(m):4.5 Width(m):4.4 Height(m): 1.5 Shape:Irregular a% Edges:Piled Surface:Mounded Additional observations. Located in an area of level sail to the south of a drainage basin. Several trees are growing out of the surface. s. Feature 30.View to the northwest Type:Mound t Length(ma):6.6 •` TKdth(m):3.6 Height(m): 1.3 Shape:Irregular Edges:Piled Surface:Mounded Additional observations: Located in an area of level soil. Several trees are growing out of the surface. AIS of TMK:(3)24-039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawaii 37 S. Fieldwork Table 1.continued. 4 Feature Attributes Fhologr2h ---- Feature 31: View to the southeast Type:Mound t Length(m):8.3 ' t" Width(m):2.7 Height(m):1.2 Shape:Rectangular Edges:Stacked/ColIapsed Surface:Fairly Level Additional observations: Located at the top of a bedrock slope. A line of piled cobbles(11.5 x 2.0 x 0,45-0.9) f extends to the southeast from the mound. North edge is impacted by bulldozing. 9; Large trees are growing from the surface. t. Feature 32:View to the northeast F Type:Mound Length(m):7.0 { Width(m):6.9 Height(m): 1.6 Shape:Square Edges:Stacked/Collapsed Surfacer Sloped Additional observations: Located in an area of level soil to the south of a drainage basin. Waiw7 and large trees are growing out of the surface. Feature 33:View to the south Type:Modified Contour Length(m):5.4 Width(m):4.4 Height(m):0.6-2.4 { Shape:Square a Edges:Piled Surface:Sloped/irregular 4 Additional observations: t, Constructed against the southern edge of a g g , drainage basin. Large trees are growing out of the surface. ` 38 AIS of TMK:(3)2-4-039:025,Waifikea,South Hilo,Hawaii t S i ( J S S.Fieldwork Table 1.continued. Feature Attributes PhotoPrapk Feature 34:View to the east Type..Modified Contour 5 Length(m):4.7 Width(m):4.0 Height(m). 1.0-i.5 Shape:Irregular Edges:Piled Surface:Sloped Additional observations: Constructed against the western edge of a drainage basin.A large tree and waiwi are growing from the surface. A section of steel cable was observed next to the north edge of the feature. Feature 35: View to the north v k� Type:Mound Length(m):6.5 ! "lidth(m):4.7 r w, Height(m): 1.5 Shape:Irregular .h Edges:Stacked/Collapsed Surface:Mounded Additional observations. Located on a bedrock outcropping within a drainage basin near standing water. A large tree is growing from the surface. Feature 36:View to the east Type:Modified Contour Length(m):66.0 Width(m): 1.0-12.0 Height(m):0.6-2.8 Shape:hTegular/Linear Edges:Piled Surface:Sloped/Irregular Additional observations: An amorphous pile of rocks constructed against the southern, bedrock edge of a drainage contour near an area of standing " water. A historic glass bottle base fragment was observed on the surface. A1S of TMK:(3)2-4-039 025,Waiakea,South Hilo.Hawaii 39 S 5. Fieldwork Table 1.continued. Feature Attributes Photograph Feature 37:View to the southeast w w , `n Type:Modified Contour Length(m):7.0 Width(m):3.7 Height(m): 1.2 Shape:Irregular ,r ', f,•r7" Edges:Stacked/Collapsed Surface:Fairly Level Additional observations: 011* Constructed against the southeastern edge l of a drainage contour. Southeastern edge,,,- '> impacted by bulldozing. Large trees are , growing from the surface. �Yr„ Feature 38.View to the southeast d Type:Mound Length(m):5.6 Fridth(m):2.7 Height(m): 1.4-1.9 .Shape.Irregular Edges:Piled Surface:Mounded Additional observations: Located in an area of level soil.Appears to have been impacted by bulldozing (bulldozed cobbles trail o$ to the southwest from the mound), Large trees Q are growing from the surface. Feature 39:View to the north � � l Type:Mound Length(m):5.4 Width(m):4.2 l Height(m): 1.4 i Shape.Irregular C Edges:Piled Surface:Mounded t Additional observations: Located in an area of level sail. A large tree has fallen across the mound and started growing again.The tree makes the feature difficult to access and view clearly. i ..E 40 AIS of TMK:(3)2-4-039:025,Waifikkea,South Hilo,Hawaii i t r 4 5.Fieldwork Table 1.continued. Feature Attributes Plaoio ra It Feature 40: View to the southwest ' Type:Mound Length(m):4.9 n� Width(m):2.9 Height(m). 1.6 Shape:Irregular Edges:Piled Surface:Mounded Additional observations: Located in an area of level soil. Several large trees growing from the surface have been girdled with a chainsaw. Feature 41: View to the northwest Type.Mound Length(m):4.4 Width(m):2.7 f � Height(m):0.4-1.5 Shape:Square Edges. Stacked/Collapsed Surface:SIoped y Additional observations: a Located in an area of level soil. Several mid-206 century artifacts (glass bottles, metal, ceramic fragments) present on the mound. Large trees growing from the surface have been girdled with a chainsaw. End of Table 1. As shown in Table 1, mounds are the most common feature type found at Site T-1, Mounds are also the most ubiquitous feature of the Waiakea Mill Company's former fields, and numerous mounds have been previously recorded and tested at proximate areas within the former sugarcane fields,to the northeast of the current study area (see description of Previous Archaeological Studies presented above).The twenty-nine mounds recorded at Site T-1 vary considerably in size(from a low of 11.88 m2 to a high of 90.44 m2,with a median of 29.4 m2)and shape(irregular, rectangular, square, or ovoid), but conform to two general methods of construction, either piled or stacked. Piled mounds are those mounds at which the stones used to construct theist were simply heaped together in an informal pile. Piled mounds typically have sloped edges and mounded, sloped, or irregular top surfaces. Stacked mounds likely began as piled mounds,but at some point the stones were stacked along the exterior edges of the piles,creating nearly vertical edges.This stacking was typically fairly loose,and in alI cases,the stacked edges of the mounds recorded at Site T-1 have collapsed,Ieaving only short remnant sections of stacking, Stacked mounds have top surfaces that range from irregular to sloped to almost level.Hunt and McDermott(1993:31)suggest that the edges of the mounds within the farmer sugarcane fields were stacked "to increase the efficiency and holding capacities of the piles, thereby allowing more cleared space for sugarcane."They go on to relate that the loose stacking along the edges makes the mounds unstable and subject to easy collapse, and suggest that this stacking technique is characteristic of Historic. AIS of TMK:(3)24-039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawaii 41 5. Fieldwork Period features only, and can be used to differentiate those features from Precontact constructions, which would typically have more stable,vertical edges and prepared top surfaces(Hunt and McDermott 1993:90). The modified contour features recorded at Site T-1arc similar to the mounds, except that they are built against steep contour slopes,and therefore typically have minimal, or no height,on at least one side(see Table 1). Like the mounds,the modified contours also vary considerably in size(from a low of 15 m'to a high of 429 ml)and shape (irregular,rectangular, square, ovoid,or linear),but conform to two general methods of construction,either piled or stacked.As observed at the mounds,where the edges of the modified contours were formerly stacked,they have now also mostly collapsed. Of the eleven modified contours recorded at Site T-1, eight could be classified as mounds, given their formal attributes and size, if it wasn't for their position against(supported on one side by)the slope of a natural drainage contour.The other three(Features 4, 5,and 36)are longer, linear constructions that follow the edge of a drainage slope for a greater distance, reaching a length more similar to that of a wall than a mound. However, unlike a wall,these three modified contour features are supported along one edge by the slope of the natural drainage contour. As for the distribution of the mounds and modified contours at Site T-1,the primary difference appears to be that locations of the former were chosen based on placement within the rows of sugarcane in order to maximize the possible planting area, while the locations of the fatter were determined by the natural slope of the terrain,and created in an effort to remove the rock materials to locations that were not suitable for the cultivation of sugarcane.As can be seen in Figure 16,the mounds at Site T-1,which are typically oriented lengthwise northwest/southeast,seem to form rough rows that extend across the slope parallel to the Feature 10 wall. The modified contours on the other hand are more varied in their orientations, and are conferred to the northern portion of the study area, where a soil filled drainage basin courses through the site area.The southern slope contour of this basin consists of a two to three meter tall slope that in some areas approaches vertical. The drainage slope segments the study area into two topographical areas, an upper,southern portion,and a lower,northern portion adjacent to Haihai Street(Figure 17).Bath portions of the study area were formerly planted in sugarcane, but the lower, northern portion is clearly wetter and swampier, and even contains a large puddle of standing water that was present each time the parcel was visited(Figure 18). .x Figure 17.Lower,northem portion of the study area adjacent to Haihai Street,view to the north from the southem edge of the drainage basin. 42 AI5 of TMK:(3)2-4-039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawaii i l.. 5.Fieldwork r_ Figure 18.Large puddle of standing water near Features 35 and 36,view to the northeast. As can be inferred by the existing vegetation pattern,portions of the current study area have been previously,and recently(within the last few years),grubbed for pasture improvement and fencing purposes.This vegetation clearing has had a deteriorative effect on the overall integrity of the former sugarcane field,but has largely spared the features recorded as part of Site T-1 (mechanical impacts from grubbing were only noted at a few of the recorded features). Recently grubbed areas,indicated by low,grassy vegetation mixed with fallen trees,occur along most of the property boundaries,and within the central,northern,and eastern portion of the study parcel.The southem and western portions of the study parcel have not been recently grubbed, and are blanketed with taller vegetation such as palms, waiwi, bamboo,and night blooming jasmine.The recent grubbing has left only pockets of large trees,primarily surrounding the features of Site T-1, all of which have large trees growing out of them (Figure 19). These trees (mostly large gunpowder trees and octopus trees with strangler figs in them)have grown up through the stone features since the lands ceased to be used for the cultivation of sugarcane,and have been spared from recent grubbing because of their large size. As a result, the large trees have protected the stone features in which they are rooted from grubbing, but the roots themselves have caused much of the collapse noted at these same features. Site T-1,given the formal attributes and distribution of the features it contains,clearly represents the remains of the former Waiakea Mill Company's Field 21 that were contained within a portion of Lot 914 of the second series of the Waiakea Homesteads.All of the features appear to have been created primarily for the purpose of clearing stones from the cultivated fields.The fields of WaiAkea were quite rocky and mostly had to be cleared and planted by hand rather than by other mechanized means (Dorrance and Morgan 2000). As has been demonstrated by previous archaeological studies conducted within the former cane lands of Waiakea,the stones cleared from the fields were placed in mounds and linear arrangements. Borthwick and Hammatt(1993:13) suggest that "the construction and maintenance of the mounds. , .were done to increase the cultivatable soil area by removing rocks from the fields and piling them into mounds and/or along field edges." Once created some features at Site T-1 may have also served secondary purposes,such as being used for to load the harvested cane into carts or trucks,or being used by the field managers as high places from which they could watch the workers in the fields(Maly 1996b).Or,as in the case of the Feature 10 wall,acting as a field boundary that could have also served as a flood prevention barrier soil trap. A1S of T AK:(3)2-4-039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,fiawai'i 43 5. Fieldwork w s Figure 19.Fairly recently grubbed area in the central portion of the study parcel,the large tree (center)is the location of Feature 25,view to the east. Subsurface testing previously conducted at features similar to those recorded at Site T-1 has revealed either a complete lack of cultural material, or Historic debris from a time when the fields were actively being cultivated, or modern debris that was deposited at the features after the fields had fallen into disuse. While the possibility for subsurface testing is extremely limited at the features within the current study area given the presence of large trees with roots that spread throughout the stone collections,the surface debris associated with some of the features at Site T-1 clearly dates to the Historic and modern periods. Several of the features at Site T-1 had associated modern debris on them(primarily plastic bottles, including several Clorox bottles),and two of the features(Features 7 and 22)had modified surfaces with associated modern debris that indicate adaptive reuse during the post sugarcane era.The level surface of Feature 7 contained a plastic water bottle,a plastic grow bag,and an aluminum pat(Figure 20),while black plastic sheeting was hung in a tree above the seemingly recently modified surface of Feature 7(see Table 1), Only three of the features at Site T-1, all in the northeastern corner of the study parcel nearest to the former location of Camp 5,contained Historic era debris that may have been deposited when Field 21 was actively cultivated in sugarcane.A rusted length of metal cable was noted adjacent to the northern edge of the Feature 34 mound(Figure 21);the base of an aqua colored glass bottle was noted on the surface of the Feature 36 modified contour near the area of standing water(Figure 22);and several Historic artifacts,including four glass bottles(Figures 23,24,and 25),the a small metal lid with a wreath design on it(Figure 26),and a ceramic fragment(Figure 27)were noted on the surface of the Feature 41 mound immediately adjacent to the former camp location.All of the Historic artifacts appear to date to the early twentieth century.The aqua bottle base found at Feature 36 is embossed with the connected letters"AB" and the smaller numbers below"C 2",indicating that it was manufactured by the American Bottle Company between 19,06 and 1909(see Figure 22). The bottles at the Feature 41 do not have any dateable, identifying marks. but the ceramic sherd at that location is marked on the back side "Made in Japan" (Figure 28), indicating that it was manufactured sometime after 1921, when the U.S. Congress began to require the country of origin be written in English on all ceramic vessels sold in the United States.The metal lid found at Feature 41 may be from a cigarette case.The presence of these objects near the former location of Camp 5 suggests that the items were likely deposited as trash by the former residents of the camp,which was relocated during the late 1940s. 44 A1S of TMK:(3)2-4-039:025,Waiskea,South Hilo,Hawai'i Fieldwork i� �* 9�� a"� � •-�`t ,f �'f"�� f•,w. 'err,.. ,e ��.f � C'i Figure S, • + t7 1 Modem debris on of Feature 7,view to the southeast, 4 Figure 21.Rusted metal cable 'r adjacent AIS of i 1 • i i Fieldwork , W^ .. Figure 22.Bottle base found at Feature3a «ei . ,. � \ • � ~` � 41 \ � p F&_g.I_ms bottles found at Feature41,ae 9v 46 gs2TMK:(3)2-4 QiSmw Am South m%Hm£k 5. Fieldwork m r i ff , • A Vie.._` ILrZ c " Figure 24.Broken bottle found at Feature 41,ove"iew. ��•.:tea �w �::,,. � . d � Pr`.. �'p y'. "e _ 'A`.:rt W r crew-top ■ottl e found at Feature 4 1, ■ AIS of 1 SmallFigure 26. - l found r 1 s South Hilo, 6.Significance Evaluation,Treatment Recommendations,and Cultural Considerations Doti r ,►► S; Figure 28.Back of the ceramic fragment found at Feature 41,marked"Made in Japan",overview. 6. SIGNIFICANCE EVALUATION, SITE TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS, AND CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS The recorded archaeological site is assessed for its significance based on criteria established and promoted by the DLNR-SHPD and contained in the Hawaii Administrative Rules 13§13-284-6.This significance evaluation should be considered preliminary until DLNR-SHPD provides concurrence. For a resource to be considered significant it must possess integrity of location,design,setting,materials, workmanship,feeling,and association and meet one or more of the following criteria: a Be associated with events that have made an important contribution to the broad patterns of our history; b Be associated with the lives of persons important in our past; c Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction;represent the work of a master;or possess high artistic value; d Have yielded,or is likely to yield,information important for research on prehistory or history; e Have an important traditional cultural value to the native Hawaiian people or to another ethnic group of the state due to associations with traditional cultural practices once carried out,or still carried out, at the property or due to associations with traditional beliefs, events or oral accounts—these associations being important to the group's history and cultural identity. Site T-1 is a collection of forty-one clearing features that are related to the former cultivation of sugarcane within the Waiakea Mill Company's Field 21 and Lot 914 of the W aiakea Homesteads.These features may have been created as early as ca. 1889,and been maintained until ca. 1947 when the Waiakea Mill Company ceased operations.While the integrity of setting in which the features of Site T-1 were created has been compromised,the features themselves retain enough integrity for the site to be assessed as significant under Criterion d for the information they have yielded about the twentieth century cultivation of sugarcane within Waiakea Ahupua`a.It is suggested that the archival and archaeological documentation presented in this study serves to mitigate any potential impacts from the proposed clearing of pasture within the study parcel,and thus no further historic preservation work is recommend for Site T-1. AIS of TMK:(3)2-4-039:025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawai'i 49 Referen:es Cited REFERENCES CITED Borthwick,D.,J.Collins,W.Folk,and H.Hammatt 1993 Archaeological Survey and Testing of Lands Proposed for Research and Technology, Lots at the University of Hawai'i at Hilo(TMK:2-4-01:7 and 41).Report on file DLNR-SHPD,Kapolei. Borthwick,D.,and H.Hammatt 1993 Supplemental Archaeological Survey and Testing of the Proposed Hawaii at Hilo Expansion Area (TMK:2-4-01:19).Report on file DLNR-SHPD,Kapolei. Bush,A.,M.McDermott,and H.Hammatt 2000 Archaeological Inventory Survey of an Approximately 20-Acre Parcel Proposed for the USDA Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center Located near the Intersection of Komohana and Puainako Streets, South Hilo, Hawai'i Island (TMK 2-4-01:por 122), Prepared for SSFM Intentational Inc.Repurt ou file DLNR-SHFD,Kapulei. Clark,M.and R Rechtman 2006 Request for SHPG Concurrence with a Determination ofAlo Historic Properties Affected Pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act and in Compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act,Hospice of Hilo Property(TMK:3-2-4-01:024 por.).Waiakea Ahupua'a. South Hilo District, Island of Hawai'i. Rechtman Consulting Report RC-0417. Prepared for Geometrician Associates,LLC.Kea'au,Hawaii, Clark,M,,J.Nelson,and R.Rechtman 2012 An Archaeological Inventory Survey for the Proposed Kapi'olani Street Extension Project(TMKs: 3-2.4-01:181, 182,and 3-2-4-56:029).Waiakea Ahupua'a, South Hilo District,Island of Hawaii. Rechtman Consulting RC-770 prepared for Ran Terry,Geometrician Associates,Hilo. Cordy,R. 2000 Exalted Sus the Chief, The Ancient History of Harvai'i Island.Mutual Publishing,Honolulu, Devereux,T.,D.Borthwick,H.Hammatt,and M.Orr 1997 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of Keaukaha Military Reservation, South Hilo District. Hawaii Island (Hawai'i National Guard) 503.E-acre parcel, TMK: 2-1-12:3 and 2-1-13:10. Prepared by Cultural Surveys Hawaii.Prepared for Earth Tech. Dircks A.,A.Kerner.and R.Rechtman 2008 An Archaeological Inventory Survey of Two Waiakea Homestead Parcels(TMKs:3-2-4-12:16 and 17). Waiakea Ahupua'a, South Hilo District, Island of Hawaii. Rechtman Consulting RC-0539 prepared for Jason Inaba,Inaba Engineering,Hilo,Hawaii. Dorrance W.and F.Morgan 2000 Sugarlslands: The 165-Year Story of Sugar in Hawaii. Mutual Publishing Co.,Honolulu. Ellis.W. 1963 Journal of William Ellis.Honolulu:Advertiser Publishing Co.,Ltd. Escott,G. 2004 An Archaeological Inventory Survey on Approximately 258 Acres of Land for the University of Hawaii-Hilo Mauka lands Development. Waiakea Ahupua'a, South Hilo District Island of Hawai'i,Hawaii(TMK;3-2-4-01:122).Scientific Consultant Services,Inc.Report 361-2.Prepared for PBR Hawaii,Honolulu. 50 AJS of TMK (3)2-4-039 025,Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawaii i P Y { Referenoes Cited ! Handy,E.S.C.,and E.G.Handy 1972 Native Planters in Old Hawaii:Their Life,Lore,and Environment B.P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 233.Bishop Museum Press,Honolulu. C Horowitz,R.,J.Finn,L.Vargha,and J.Ceaser d 1969 Public Land Policy in Hawaii:An Historical Analysis.Report No.5, 1969.Legislative Reference Bureau.University ofHawai`i,Honolulu. Hudson,A. 1932 1932 Archaeology of East Hawaii,Volume 1.Honolulu:B.P.Bishop Museum. l Hunt,T.and M.McDermott 1993 Archaeological Inventory Survey,Pu`ainako Street Extension Project.Lands of Waiakea,Kukuau 1 and 2,and Ponahawai,South Hilo District,Island of Hawaii.Prepared for Okahara&Associate Engineering Consultants,Hilo,Hawaii. i Kamakau,S. 1961 Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii.Honolulu:Kamehameha Schools Press. Kame`eleihiwa,L. 1. 1992 Native Land and Foreign Desires:Pahea Lie E Pono At?Bishop Museum Press,Honolulu. Kelly,M.,B.Nakamura,and D.Barrore 1981. Hilo Bay,A Chronological History,Land and Water Use in the Hilo Bay Area,Island of Hawaii. Department of Anthropology, B.P.Bishop Museum,Honolulu. Prepared for U.S.Army Engineer District,Honolulu. l Kirch,P. i 1985 Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press. i Kobayashi,G..and.R-Nakamura. ° 2006 The Yashijima Story: The History of Waiakea Town.Pacific Tsunami Museum,Hilo,Hawaii. Maly,K. i 1996a Appendix. A. In Archaeological Assessment Study Hilo Judiciary Complex Project, Lands of Wainaku,Ponohawai,Pi`ihonua, and.Waukee,South Hilo District,Island of Hawaii(TMK:2-6- 15:1,2;2-6-16:2;2-4-49:18,19;2-2-15:33;2-4-1:12 by Walker A.,and P.Rosendahl.PHRI Report { I 721-061496.Prepared for State of Hawaii,Honolulu. 1996b Historical Documentary Reseach and Oral History Interviews:Waiakea Cane Lots(12, 13, 17, 18, 19,20&20-A),Land of Waiakea,District of South Hilo,Island of Hawaii.Kumu Pono Associates Report W01-0795(1I1).Prepared for University of Hawaii-Hilo at Hooikaika Club. Maly,K.,A.Walker,and P.Rosendahl 1994 Archaeological Inventory Survey,Waiakea Cane Lots,Portion of Parcel 6,Land of Wailikea,South Hilo District, Island of Hawaii (TMK:2-4-57:01). PHRI Report 1370-122993. Submitted to Roy Takemoto,Hilo. McDermott and.H.liammatt 2001. Addendum to:Archaeological Inventory Survey of an Approximately 20-Acre Parcel Proposed for the USDA Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center Located near the Intersection of Kohana and Puainako Streets, South Hilo, Hawaii Island (TMK 2-4-01:por 122), Prepared for SSFM International Inc.Report on file DLNR-SHPD,Kapolei. AIS of TNIK:(3)24-039:025,Waiakea.South Hilo,Hawai`i 51 4 f References Cited { McEldowney,H. 1979 Archaeological and Historical Literature Search and Research Design:Lava Flow Control Study, Hilo, Hawaii. Department of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Prepared for U.S. Army Engineer Division,Pacific Ocean. d; Moniz,J. n.d. Historical and Archaeological Synthesis of Land Use and Settlement Patterns,Waiakea Ahupua`a, Hilo,Hawaii.Manuscript on file at DLNR-SHPD Hilo Office(1994). Nelson,J..T.Gotay,and R.Rechtman. 2015 Archaeological.Monitoring Report for Kapi`olani Street Extension Project.TMKs:(3)24-01:181, 182,and(3)24-56:181.Waiakea Ahupua`a, South Hilo Distict,Island of Hawaii.ASM Project Number 24130 prepared for Austen Drake,SSFM International,Inc.,Hilo. Pukui,M.,S.Elbert.and E.Mo`okini 1974[1966] Place Names of Hawaii. Revised and Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1. Honolulu. ( Rechtman,R. 2015 Archaeological Monitoring Report for the University of Hawaii-Hilo Village Student Housing c4 Project(TMK:3-24-01:005)Waiakea Ahupua`a,South Hilo Distict,Island ofHawai`i.Rechtman Consulting Report RC-0779.Prepared for Wesley R-Segawa&Associates,Inc.,Honolulu. o,. Rechtman,R..and J.Henry 1998 University of Hawaii-Hilo Kiiwili Street Development Archaeological Inventory Survey(TMK:3 2-4-01:5), Waiakea Ahupua`a. South Hilo District, Island of Hawaii. Paul H. Rosendahl. Ph.D., Inc.,Report 1877-100998.Prepared for Inaba Engineering,Inc..Hilo.Hawaii. t Spear,R. 1995 Data Recovery Excavations for Sites 50-1 35-19431, 19432, 19433, 19434. Lands of Waiakea, South Hilo District. Island of Hawaii (rMK:24-57:01). Scientific Consultant Services. Inc. Honolulu,HI. Thrum,T. 1907 Tales from the Temples.Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1908:48-78.Honolulu Wolforth,T. (. 2007 Cultural Impact Assessment for Hilo Bayfront Master Plan,North Hilo District,Island of Hawaii. Scientific Consultant Services,Inc.Report 771-1.Prepared for the County of Hawaii Department of Parks and Recreation.Hilo. ( 6 i 52 AIS of TMK:(3)24-039:025.Waiakea,South Hilo,Hawai i Z ONE X _.. _ ---- _ mow_ ZONE X - rZ()NE Ad z- ZONE K f l r i I ZONE)C f ZONE X ZONO'A }, (Depjh I') Zv E; b.. Now w',I�iCj v[�S c)NO. r BASEMAP: FIRM BASEMAP I Ise PR _�•�.."'�` Flood Hazard Assessment Report is y; www.hawaiinfip.org SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD AREAS (SFHAs) SUBJECT TO INUNDATION BY THE 1% ANNUAL CHANCE FLOOD -The 1%annual chance flood (100- ti..; FIRM Ma dated 6/21/2022 year),also know as the base flood, is the flood that has a 1%chance of :�-`••-..,,,,,,-..•.- ~ being equaled or exceeded in any given year.SFHAs include Zone A,AE, -...-.. - AH, AO,V,and VE.The Base Flood Elevation (BFE) is the water surface elevation of the 1% annual chance flood. Mandatory flood insurance Property Information Notes: purchase applies in these zones: COUNTY: HAWAII Zone A:No BFE determined. TMK NO: (3)2-4-039:025 Zone AE:BFE determined. WATERSHED: WAILOA PARCEL ADDRESS: ADDRESS NOT DETERMINED Zone AH:Flood depths of 1 to 3 feet(usually areas of ponding); HILO,HI 96720 BFE determined. Zone AO: Flood depths of 1 to 3 feet (usually sheet flow on Flood Hazard Information sloping terrain);average depths determined. FIRM INDEX DATE: SEPTEMBER 29,2017 Zone V:Coastal flood zone with velocity hazard(wave action); LETTER OF MAP CHANGE(S): 17-09-1339P no BFE determined. FEMA FIRM PANEL-EFFECTIVE DATE: 1551660911F-SEPTEMBER 29,2017 Zone VE:Coastal flood zone with velocity hazard(wave action); 1551660912F-SEPTEMBER 29,2017 BFE determined. Zone AEF: Floodway areas in Zone AE. The floodway is the channel of stream plus any adjacent floodplain areas that must be kept free of encroachment so that the 1% annual chance flood can be carried without increasing the BFE. NON-SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD AREA-An area in a low-to-moderate risk THIS PROPERTY IS WITHIN A TSUNAMI EVACUTION ZONE: NO flood zone. No mandatory flood insurance purchase requirements apply, FOR MORE INFO,VISIT:http://www.scd.hawaii.gov/ but coverage is available in participating communities. THIS PROPERTY IS WITHIN A DAM EVACUATION ZONE: NO Zone XS(X shaded):Areas of 0.2%annual chance flood;areas of FOR MORE INFO,VISIT:http://dlnreng.hawaii.gov/dam/ 1%annual chance flood with average depths of less than 1 foot or with drainage areas less than 1 square mile; and areas protected by levees from 1%annual chance flood. Zone X:Areas determined to be outside the 0.2%annual chance 0 200 400 ft floodplain. Disclaimer:The Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources(DLNR)assumes no responsibility arising from the use, accuracy, completeness, and timeliness of any information contained in this report. Viewers/Users are OTHER FLOOD AREAS responsible for verifying the accuracy of the information and agree to indemnify the DLNR,its officers,and employ- ees from any liability which may arise from its use of its data or information. Zone D: Unstudied areas where flood hazards are undeter- mined, but flooding is possible. No mandatory flood insurance If this map has been identified as'PRELIMINARY',please note that it is being provided for informational purposes purchase apply,but coverage is available in participating commu- and is not to be used for flood insurance rating.Contact your county floodplain manager for flood zone determina- nities. tions to be used for compliance with local floodplain management regulations. A 49! �19 DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY • COUNTY OF HAWAVI d�f1A�ti A 345 KEKUANAO'A STREET, SUITE 20 - HILO, HAWAI'I 96720 TELEPHONE (808)961-8050 - FAX (808)961-8657 May 4, 2022 COH PLANNING DEPT MAY 5 2022 QM2:15 REC'D HAND DELIVERED Ms. Laurie Higashi RJL, LLC 32 Poko Place Hilo, HI 96720 Dear Ms. Higashi: Subject: Water Commitment Deposit Change of Zone Application (PL-REZ-2022-000020) Applicant—RJL, LLC Tax Map Key 2-4-039:025 This is to acknowledge receipt of the required $4,800.00 water commitment deposit for the subject application. Enclosed is receipt No. 4975678 for your files. Therefore, pursuant to Rule 5 of the Department's Rules and Regulations, a water commitment for the proposed development in the amount of 92,800 gallons per day,or 32 additional units of water at an average of 400 gallons per day, per unit is hereby granted until May 31, 2025, with the following conditions: 1 . Construct necessary water system improvements,which shall include, but not be limited to: a. service laterals that will accommodate a 5/8-inch meter to front each lot, b. water mains capable of providing water at adequate pressure under peak-flow and fire-flow conditions; minimum diameter of which shall be 6 inches, c. fire hydrants spaced no more than 600 feet apart. On dead-end streets, the last fire hydrant shall be located at one half the distance from the last house, or unit, fronting the property or driveway or access to the property, and d. subject to other agencies' requirements to construct improvements within the road right-of-way fronting the property affected by the proposed development, the applicant shall be responsible for the relocation and adjustment of the Department's affected water system facilities, should they be necessary. Submit construction plans prepared by a professional engineer, architect, or land surveyor, licensed in the State of Hawaii, for review and approval. . . . Water, Our Most Precious WSsource. . . Y,a Wai A one . . . Planning D ey p°- The Department of Water Supply is an Equal Opportunity provider and employer. Exhibit .,_ 4__,. r Ms. Laurie Higashi Page 2 May 4,2022 2. Remit the prevailing facilities charge balance, which is subject to change, as shown below: WATER COMMITMENT DEPOSIT (WCD): 32 additional units (d), $150.00/unit ($4.800.00) Total FC (S4,800.04) FACILITIES CHARGE (FC): One (1) existing service Paid 32 additional units tea, $6,095.00/unit $195,040.00 Facilities Charge Balance S190,240.00 This is due and payable upon completion of the installation of the required water system improvements and prior to final subdivision approval being granted. For your information, water commitment deposits are credited towards the final facilities requirement for the development. Note that the amount of water commitment deposit may exceed the prevailing facilities charge amount; for example,when requests for time extensions continue and are approved. Until the development is finally completed, these are separate and unrelated items. In the event that water commitment deposits exceed the facilities charge,no refunds are applicable. 3. Comply with all other applicable policies and requirements of the Department's Rules and Regulations. Noncompliance may be cause for voiding this water commitment, at which time availability will be subject to change in accordance with prevailing water system conditions, policies, and Rules and.Regulations. Should there be any questions, please contact Mr. Troy Samura of our Water Resources and Planning Branch at (808) 961-8070,extension 255. Sincerely yours, W114W Keith K. Okamoto, RE. Manager-Chief Engineer TS:dfg Enc. copy-- Inaba Engineering, Inc. Mr. Daiyn Arai, Land Use Planning Consultant Planning Department DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS COUNTY OF HAWAII HILO, HAWAII DATE: April 13, 2022 ftemol"464M TO: Zendo Kern, Planning Director FROM: Department of Public Works, Engineering Division SUBJECT: CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (PL-REZ-2022- 000020) Request: A-3a TO RS-15 Applicant: RJL, LLC TM K: 2-4-039.025 We have reviewed the subject application forwarded by your memo dated March 23, 2022, and offer the following comments for your consideration- 1. All earthwork and grading activity shall conform to Chapter 10, Erosion and Sedimentary Control, of the Hawaii County Code. 2. All driveway connections and construction within the Ainaola Drive and Haihai Street Right-of-Way shall conform to Chapter 22, County Streets, of the Hawaii County Code. Access to Ainaola Drive and Haihai Street, including the provision of adequate sight distances, shall meet with the approval of the Department of Public Works. 3. All development-generated runoff shall be disposed of on site and not directed toward any adjacent properties. A drainage study shall be prepared and the recommended drainage system shall be constructed meeting the approval of the Department of Public Works. The drainage study and improvements must be completed prior to the construction of any proposed structures. 4. Based on the proposed zoning, we recommend that the applicant provide improvements to the subject property's Ainaola Drive frontage consisting of, but not limited to, pavement widening with paved shoulders and swales, drainage improvements, signs and markings, streetlights, any necessary safety devices (i.e. guardrails) and any relocation of utilities, meeting the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act and the approval of the Department of Public Works. The improvements shall be located within any established future road widening setback. County of Hawaii is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer 5. Install streetlights and traffic control devices as may be required by the Traffic Division, Department of Public Works. The applicant shall be responsible for the design, purchase, and installation of such devices. 6. The subject parcel is in an area designated as Zone AH, AO, and X on the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). • Zone AH is the special flood hazard area that corresponds to the areas of one-hundred-year shallow flooding (usually areas of ponding) where average depths are between one and three feet. Whole-foot base flood elevations derived from the detailed hydraulic analyses have been determined at selected intervals within this zone. • Zone AO is the special flood hazard area that corresponds to the areas of one-hundred-year shallow flooding (usually sheet flow on sloping terrain) where average depths are between one and three feet. Average whole-foot depths derived from the detailed hydraulic analyses have been determined within this zone. • Zone X is an area determined to be outside the 500-year floodplain. Questions may be referred to Bryce Harada at 961-8042. County of Hawaii is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer a�r� '••y�. DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY COUNTY OF HAWAVI 345 KEKUANAO'A STREET,SUITE 20 HILO, HAWAI'I 96720 TELEPHONE (808)961-8050 • FAX (808)961-8657 April 1, 2022 COH PLANNING DEPT APR 4 2022 pm2:22 REC'D HAND DELIVERED TO: Mr. Zendo Kern, Director Planning Department FROM: Keith K. Okamoto, Manager-Chief Engineer SUBJECT: Change of Zone Application (PL-REZ-2022-000020) Request—Agricultural-3 Acre(A-3a) to Single-Family Residential 15,000 Square Feet(RS-15) Applicant— RJL, LLC Tax Map Key 2-4-039:025 We have reviewed the subject application for the proposed subdivision. Water can be made available from existing 6-inch waterlines along Ho`olala Street and Kikaha Street. In accordance with the Department's existing water availability conditions, the water availability for the proposed lots is subject to change. Please be informed that the subject parcel was created from a prior 2-lot subdivision that took place in 2018, Subdivision Application No. 18-001791, which created the subject Parcel and Parcel 025 (Tax Map Key 2-4-039:025). Through the 2018 subdivision, one (1) unit of water was paid for and assigned to Parcel 025. The installation of the service lateral assigned to Parcel 025 was deferred. Therefore, pursuant to Rule 5 of the Department's Rules and Regulations, a copy of which is being forwarded to the applicant, a water commitment may be issued. Based on the 32 additional units requested in the proposed 30-lot development, the required water commitment deposit is $4,800.00. Remittance by the applicant of the $4,800.00 is requested as soon as possible so that a water commitment may be formally issued. The commitment will be in writing with specific conditions and effective dates stated. Please keep in mind that this letter shall not be construed as a water commitment. In other words, unless a water commitment is officially effected, water availability is subject to change without notice, depending on the water situation. Final subdivision approval will be subject to compliance with the following requirements: 1. Construct necessary water system improvements, which shall include. but not be limited to: . . . Water, Our Most Precious 4source. . . Xa Wai,4 ?one . . . Planning f e p h The Department of Water Supply is an Equal Opportunity provider and employer. Exhi bit V Mr. Zendo Kern. Director Page 2 April 1. 2022 a. service laterals that will accommodate a 5/8-inch meter to front each lot, b. water mains capable of providing water at adequate pressure under peak-flow and fire-flow conditions; minimum diameter of which shall be 6 inches. c. Fire hydrants spaced no more than 600 feet apart. On dead-end streets,the last fire hydrant shall be located at one-half the distance from the last house, or unit, fronting the property or driveway or access to the property, and d. subject to other agencies' requirements to construct improvements within the road right-of-way fronting the property affected by the proposed development,the applicant shall be responsible for the relocation and adjustment of the Department's affected water system facilities, should they be necessary. Submit construction plans prepared by a professional engineer, architect, or land surveyor, licensed in the State of Hawaii, for review and approval. 2. Remit the prevailing facilities charge balance which is subject to change, as shown below: FACILITIES CHARGE (FC): One (1) existing service Paid 32 additional units A $6,095.00/unit 195,040.00 Total FC 4 $195,040.00 This is due and payable upon completion of the installation of the required water system improvements and prior to final subdivision approval being granted. For your information, water commitment deposits are credited towards the final facilities requirement for the development. Note that the amount of water commitment deposit may exceed the prevailing facilities charge amount; for example, when requests for time extensions continue and are approved. Until the development is finally completed, these are separate and unrelated items. In the event that water commitment deposits exceed the facilities charge, no refunds are applicable. 3. Comply with all other applicable policies and requirements of the Department's Rules and Regulations. Noncompliance may be cause for voiding this water commitment, at which time availability will be subject to change in accordance with prevailing water system conditions, policies, and Rules and Regulations. Mr. Zendo Kern. Director Page 3 April 1, 2022 Should there be any questions, please contact Mr. "Troy Samura of our Water Resources and Planning Branch at (808) 961-8070, extension 255. Sincerely yours, Keith K. Okamoto, P.E. Manager-Chief Engineer TS:dfg copy — Inaba Engineering, Inc. RJL, LLC (w/copy of Rule 5 of the Rules and Regulations) Mr. Daryn Arai, Land Use Planning Consultant Mitchell D.Roth �':�� ' y '- Ramzi I.Mansour Mayor ; Director Lee Lord ''+ ;•�;;�� Brenda Iokepa-Moses Managing Director Deputy Director County of Hawai'i DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 345 Kekuanao`a Street,Suite 41 - Hilo,Hawai'i 96720-cohdem@hawaiicounty.gov Ph: (808)961-8083 -Fax: (808)961-8086 MEMORANDUM TO: Zendo Kern, Director Planning Department FROM: Ramzi I. Mansour, Directoaz Department of Environmental Management DATE: April 1, 2022 SUBJECT: Change of Zone Application(PL-REZ-2022-000020) Request: Agricultural-3 Acre (A-3a) to Single-Family Residential-15,000 Square Feet(RS-15) Applicant: RJL, LLC Tax Map Key: (3) 2-4-039:025, South Hilo, Hawaii The Solid Waste Division has reviewed the subject application and offers the following comments and/or recommendations (contact the Solid Waste Division for details): ( ) No comments. (X) Commercial operations, State and Federal agencies, religious entities and non-profit organization may not use transfer stations for disposal. (X) Aggregates and any other construction/demolition waste should be responsibly reused to its fullest extent. (X) Ample and equal room should be provided for rubbish and recycling. (X) Green waste may be transported to the green waste sites located at the West Hawaii Organics Facility and East Hawaii Organics Facility, or other suitable diversion programs. (X) Construction and demolition waste is prohibited at all County Transfer Stations. (X) Submit Solid Waste Management Plan in accordance with attached guidelines. ( ) Existing Solid Waste Management Plan is to be followed. Provide update to the department on current status. ( ) Other: County of Hawaii is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer anning d@pi. Exhibit 7 Ramzi I. Mansour, Director April 1, 2022 Page 2 The Wastewater Division has reviewed the subject application and offers the following comments and/or recommendations (contact the Wastewater Division for details): ( ) No comments. ( ) Require connection of existing and/or proposed structures to the public sewer in accordance with Section 21-5 of the Hawaii County Code. ( ) Require Council Resolution to approve sewer extension in accordance with Section 21- 26.1 of the Hawaii County Code. Complete Sewer Extension Application. ( ) Require extension of the sewer system to service the proposed subdivision in accordance with Section 23-85 of the Hawaii County Code. ( ) Check or line out as applicable: [ ] If required by the Director of the Department of Environmental Management ("Director of DEM"), [ ] applicant shall conduct a sewer study in accordance with the applicable wastewater system design standards prior to approval to connect to the County sewer system. Applicant shall provide such sewer line or other facility improvements as the Director of DEM may reasonably require, which the sewer study may indicate are advisable for mitigation of impacts of the proposed project. Contact Wastewater Division Chief for details. ( ) Proposed activity may be subject to existing or future federal, state, or county regulation under Title 40 CFR 403.5, prohibiting discharge of certain pollutants into publicly owned treatment works. Contact the Hawaii Department of Health for information regarding pretreatment standards. (X) Applicant shall follow Department of Health regulations. ( ) Other: RM:pls ,MSY•ur HI Mitchell D. Roth " Ramzi I, Mansour Mayor " Director .,•.;Vie:•*. Lee E. Lord '►�°— Brenda D. lokepa-Moses Managing Director Deputy Director County of Hawaii DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 345 Kekuanao'a Street,Suite 41• Hilo, Hawai'i 96720 Ph:(808)961-8083 - Fax:(808)961-8086 Email: cohdem@hawaiicounty.gov January 29, 2021 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN Guidelines INTENT AND PURPOSE This is to establish guidelines for reviewing Solid Waste Management Plans, for which special conditions are placed on developments. The Solid Waste Management Plan will be used to: (1) promote and implement recycling and recycling programs, (2) predict the waste generated by the proposed development to anticipate the loading Oil County Solid Waste Management Facilities, and (3) predict the additional vehicular traffic being generated because of waste and recycling transfers. A State ol'I-lawai'i licensed engineer shall prepare a suitable Solid Waste Management Plan for review by the Department of Environmental Management. REPORT The Solid Waste Management Plan will contain the following: 1. Description of the prgject and the potential waste it may be generating: i.e. analysis of anticipated waste volume and composition. This includes waste generated during the construction and operational or maintenance phases. Waste types shall include (but not be limited to): A. Organics (including food waste and green wastes); B. Construction and Demolition materials; C. Paper(including cardboard); D. Metal (including ferrous and non-fCITOUS 111eta1S). E. Plastic; F. Special (including ash, sludge, treated medical waste, bulky items, tires); G. Hazardous (including paint, vehicle fluids, oil, batteries); and I-1, Glass. 2. Indicate onsite Source Separation by waste type; i.e. Source separation bins for glass, metal, plastic, cardboard, alLIl111i1L1111, etc. Provide ample and equal Space for rubbish and recycling. C'ounly or i lawli'i is an lidual Oppununity Provider and Hinpluyer. Solid Waste Management Plan Guidelines Page 2 of 2 3. Identification and location of the proposed waste reduction, waste re-use, recycling facility or disposal site and associated transportation methods for the various components of the development's waste management system, including the number of vehicle movements and associated routes that will be used to transport the waste and recycled materials. 4. The report will include identification of any impacts to County-operated waste management facilities, and the appropriate mitigation measures that will be implemented by the development to minimize these impacts. 5. Analysis will be based on the highest potential use or zoning of the development. REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS 1. A Solid Waste Management Plan will be prepared for all commercial developments, as defined under the policies of the Department of Environmental Management, Solid Waste Division. 2. The Department of Environmental Management will require the developer to provide or resolve all recommendations and mitigation measures as outlined in the solid waste management plan; besides any conditions placed on the applicant herein. 3. A State of Hawaii licensed engineer will draft and certify in writing the Solid Waste Management Plan as complying with applicable Federal, State and County of Hawai'i Solid Waste Laws, Regulations, and Administrative Rules. Should you require additional information, please contact Greg Goodale, Solid Waste Division Chief, at (808) 961-8515. CONCUR: ► �,. It, Ramzi I. Mansour DIRECTOR County of liawai'i is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer. Mitchell D. Roth Paul K. Ferreira Ala-(;I- :r � a. ' Police Chief ��rr nri<ra1' Kenneth Bugado Jr. Depn),Police Chief County of Hawai' i POLICE DEPARTMENT 349 Kapi'olani Street • Kilo. Ilawai'i 96720.3998 C0H PLANNING DEPT (808)935-3311 Faz(808061-2389 MAR 312022 Am10:44 March 29, 2022 REC'D HAND DELIVERED TO: Z NDO KF�CTOR, PLANNING DEPARTMENT FROM: AN7N�ET �ti.y.WCHO ASSISTANT POLICE CHIEF EA I OPERATIONS BUREAU SUBJECT: CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (PL-REZ-2022-000020) REQUEST: AGRICULTURAL 3 Acre (A-3a) TO SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL — 15,000 SQUARE FEET (RS-15); APPLICANT: RJL, LLC; TAX MAP KEY: (3) 2-4-039:025, SOUTH HILO, HAWAI'I Stay, upon reviewing the provided documents, does not anticipate any impact to traffic and/or has any public safety concerns. Thank you for allowing us the opportunity to comment. If you have any questions, please contact Captain Sandor Finkey, South Hilo District Commander, at (808) 961-2214 or via email at sandor.finkey(CDhawaiicounty_gov. SFAH/22HO0334 "1 lawai'i Count is an Equal Opportuniq provider and Employer' Planning Dept. Exhibit 8 DAVID Y.IGE o F„ ELIZABETH A.CHAR,M.D. GOVERNOR OF HAWAII p �s 5s 9 y DIRECTOR OF HEALTH „1° STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH P.O. BOX 916 HILO,HAWAII 96721-0916 MEMORANDUM DATE: December 21, 2021 TO: Mr. Zendo Kern Planning Director, County of Hawaii FROM: Eric Honda District Environmental Health Program Chief SUBJECT: Change of Zone Application (PL-REZ-2022-000020) Request: Agricultural- 3 Acre to Single Family Residential- 15,000 Applicant: RJL,LLC TMK: 2-4-039:025, South Hilo, Hawaii Individual wastewater systems (IWS) may be used for the developments of less than 50 residential lots with the following condition: 1. The development shall not exceed 50 residential lots or 50 dwelling units-, 2. Each lot shall have a minimum size of 10,000 square feet; and 3. One IWS shall not serve more than five bedrooms. 4. If the proposed development has less than 50 lots, the developer must identify the lots that will have multiple dwelling units with the understanding that the total dwelling units cannot exceed 50 for the development." The applicant would need to meet the requirements of our Department of Health Air Pollution Rules, Chapter 60.1, Title 11, State of Hawaii for fugitive dust control. If there is need to discuss these requirements, please contact our Clean Air Branch staff at Ph. 933-0401. The Department of Health (DOH), Clean Water Branch (CWB), offers the following comments: Permit Issuance * Any project and its potential impacts to State waters must meet the State's: 1) Antidegradation policy, which requires that the existing uses and the level of water quality necessary to protect the existing uses of the receiving State water be maintained and protected; 2) Designated uses, as determined by the classification of the receiving State waters; and Planning Depi. Exhibit Zendo Kern March 28, 2022 Page 2 of 4 3) Water quality criteria [Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR), Chapter 11-54], * A Section 401 Water quality Certification (WQC) is required if your project/activity: - Requires a federal permit, license, certificate, approval, registration, or Statutory exemption; and - May result in a discharge into State waters. The term "discharge" is defined in Clean Water Act, Subsections 502(16), 502(12), and 502(6). Examples of"discharge" include, but are not limited to, allowing the following pollutants to enter State waters from the surface or in-water: solid waste, rock/sand/dirt, heat, sewage, construction debris, any underwater work, chemicals, fugitive dust/spray/paint, agricultural wastes, biological materials, industrial wastes, concrete/sealant/epoxy, and washing/cleaning effluent. Determine if your project/activity requires a federal permit, license, certificate, approval, registration, or statutory exemption by contacting the appropriate federal agencies (e.g. Department of the Army (DA), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE), Pacific Ocean Division Honolulu District Office (POH) Tel: 808-835-4303; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tel: 415-947-8021; Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Tel: 866-208-3372; U.S. Coast Guard Office of Bridge Programs Tel: 202-372-1511). To request a Section 401 WQC, you must complete and submit the Section 401 WQC application. This application is available on the e-Permitting Portal website located at: https:Heha-cloud.doh.hawaii.gov/epermit/. Please see HAR, chapter 11-54 for the State' Water Quality Standards and for more information on the Section 401 WQC. HAR, Chapter 11-54 is available on the CWB website at: http://health.hawaii.gov/cwb/. • National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)permit coverage is required for: -Storm water associated with construction activities for land disturbances of one (1) acre or more. Land disturbance includes, but is not limited to, clearing, grading, grubbing, excavation, demolition, uprooting of vegetation, equipment staging, and storage areas. -Storm water associated with industrial activities for facilities with Standard Industrial Classification Codes regulated in 40 CFR 122.26(b)(14)(i)through (ix) and (xi). -Storm water and certain non-storm water from a small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System. -Discharges of water pollutants into State surface waters. Examples of these discharges include, but are not limited to, cooling water, hydrotesting waters, dewatering effluent, and process wastewater. Zendo Kern March 28, 2022 Page 3 of 4 -Discharges from the application of pesticides (including pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, and various other substances to control pest) to State waters. An application for an NPDES individual permit must be submitted at least 180 calendar days before the commencement of the discharge or start of construction activities. To request and NPDES individual permit, you must complete and submit the NPDES individual permit application. This application is available on the e-Permitting Portal website located at: https:Heha-cloud.doh.hawaii.gov/epermit/. A Notice of Intent(NOI) for coverage under a specific NPDES general permit must be submitted at least 30 calendar days before the commencement of the discharge or start of construction activities. To request NPDES general permit coverage, you must complete and submit the NOL The NOI is available on the e-Permitting Portal website located at: https:Heha-cloud.doh.hawaii.gov/epermit/. Please see HAR, Chapter 11-55 for more information on the NPDES individual permit and NPDES general permits. The specific NPDES general permits located in HAR, Chapter 11-55, Appendices B through M. HAR, Chapter 11-55 and HAR, Chapter 11-55, Appendices B through M are available on the CWB website at: http://health.hawaii.gov/cwb/. • According to State law, all discharges related to the project construction or operation activities, whether or not NPDES permit coverage and/or Section 401 WQC are required, must comply with the State's Water Quality Standards. Monitoring • Effluent discharge and/or receiving water monitoring may be required as conditions of Section 401 Water Quality Certifications and NPDES General and Individual permits. Enforcement • Noncompliance with water quality requirements contained in HAR, Chapter 11-54 and/or permitting requirements specified in HAR, Chapter 11-55 may be subject to penalties of$25,000 per day per violation. • Violations of Hawaii Revised Statutes 342D and 342E may elicit administrative, civil and criminal penalties for such violations. Polluted Runoff Control • Manage projects identified in watershed-based plans that reduce polluted runoff Zendo Kern March 28, 2022 Page 4 of 4 and educate the public about nonpoint source pollution. Projects are selected through an annual request for proposals. Funding is provided by the EPA through the Clean Water Act. For more information on projects and funding opportunities, please visit: www.hawaii.gov/doh/pollutedninoffcontrol. Construction activities must comply with the provisions of Hawaii Administrative Rules, Chapter 11-46, "Community Noise Control." 1. The contractor must obtain a noise permit if the noise levels from the construction activities are expected to exceed the allowable levels of the rules. 2. Construction equipment and on-site vehicles requiring an exhaust of gas or air must be equipped with mufflers. 3. The contractor must comply with the requirements pertaining to construction activities as specified in the rules and the conditions issued with the permit. Should there be any questions on this matter,please contact the Department of Health at 933- 0917. SUZANNE D.CASE GOVID Y.IOF `0"F CIAND NATURAL GOVERNOR OF �(�..• M"Q�LES ti. BOARDSION ONND TER RES UR CEMANAGEM HAWAII COTiTSISSION ON WAIER RESOURCE MANAGEMFNI aeN ROBERT K MASUDA F[RSI DEPS TI d aOd aRa; NL KALEO MANTEL X, ,jV i-6 DEPUIFY DIRECIOR-WAIER A^ '6 i �.+ ;' AQUATICRESOURC&S BOATINGANDOC'ONN RECREATION BUREAU OF CONVEYANCES COMMISSION ON WAIER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CONSERVATION AND COASTAL LANDS CONSERVAIION AND RESOURCES ENFORCEMENI STATE OF HAWAII ENGI EERIN FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE late ofH DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES RAHOOLAWE°RANDRESERAE PRESERVATION LAND STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION DIVISION SIAIE PARKS KAKUHIHEWA BUILDING 601 KAMOKILA BLVD.,STE 555 KAPOLEI,HI96707 June 3, 2022 IN REPLY REFER TO: Zendo Kern,Planning Director Project No. 2022PR00612 County of Hawaii Doc.No. 2206JG04 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Archaeology Hilo,HI 96720 planning(a�.hawaiicounty.goy Dear Mr.Kern: SUBJECT: Chapter 6E-42 Historic Preservation Review— Proposed Rezone for the RJL,LLC Property from A-3a to RS-15 Waiakea Ahupua`a,South Hilo District,Island of Hawaii TNIK: (3)2-4-039:025 This letter provides the State Historic Preservation Division's (SHPD) review of the subject Change of Zone Permit Application.The SHPD received the subject submittal on May 11, 2022. It included a permit application, a site plan, and a copy of an archaeological inventory survey (AIS; Clark and Rechtman 2015)that included the current project parcel. The applicant, RJL, LLC (landowner), proposes the rezoning of a 13.838-acre parcel from an Agricultural District (5-acre minimum; A-3a) to a Residential District (1-acre minimum; FA-la) in support of a proposed subdivision of the parcel into 33 separate lots (0.344- to 0.711-acre individual lots). The submittal indicates the current project area was impacted by previous ground-disturbing activities associated with sugarcane cultivation. The AIS (Clark and Rechtman 2015)identified a single historic property (State Inventory of Historic Places [SIHP] Site 4 50-10-35-30476 [complex/mounds]). SIHP Site 4 30476 consisted of twenty-nine mounds, eleven modified contours,and a wall,all of which were identified as being associated with former sugarcane cultivation. SIHP Site 4 30476 was assessed as significant under criterion d and was recommended for no further work. SHPD accepted the Clark and Rechtman (2015) AIS in a letter dated April 16, 2016 (Log No. 015.04420, Doc. No. 1604JA13) and concurred with the site significance assessment and recommended site treatment of SIHP Site 4 30476.Additionally, historic (1965) and contemporary aerial imagery indicates that the current project parcel has been previously impacted by ground-disturbing activities. Based on current information, SHPD's determination is no historic properties affected for the proposed project. Pursuant to HAR §13-284-7(e), when the SHPD agrees that the action will not affect any significant historic properties, this is the SHPD's written concurrence and historic preservation review ends. The historic preservation review process is ended.The permit issuance process may proceed. Attach to permit: In the unlikely event that historic properties such as lava tube openings,concentrations of artifacts, structural remains or human skeletal remains are found during construction activities please cease work in the immediate vicinity of the find, protect the find from additional disturbance, and contact the State Historic Preservation Division at(808)933-7651. Please contact Joshua Gastilo at (808) 933-7653 or at Joshua.gastilo(i�hawaii.gov for any questions regarding this letter. Planning Depi. Exhibit 10 Mr.Kern O6/03/2022 Page 2 Aloha, Iffae ln�Wew- Alan S.Downer,PhD Administrator, State Historic Preservation Division Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer cc: Lindsey Kay Dodge,Christian.kaykhawaiicounty.gov Daryn Arai,darn.araigoutlook.com Laurie Higashi,laurie.higashigginail.com SUZANNE D.CASE DAVIDY.IGE ,� ,9ss v CHAIRPERSON GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 0... BOARD OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES _ COMMISSION ON WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT cF W,cS and,ti�` F7 v STATE OF HAWAII 'Sete a6 N.m"` DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES LAND DIVISION POST OFFICE BOX 621 HONOLULU,HAWAII 96809 Apr 25, 2022 County of Hawaii Planning Department via email: planning(@hawaiicounty.gov Attention: Mr. Christian Kay 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Dear Mr. Kay: SUBJECT: Change of Zone Application (PL-REZ-2022 000020) - Request: Agricultural-3 Acres (A-3a) to Single-Family Residential-15,000 Square Feet(RS-15) located at South Hilo, Island of Hawaii; TMK: (3)2-4-039:025 on behalf of RJL, LLC Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment on the subject matter. In addition to our previous comments dated April 21, 2022, enclosed are comments from the Division of Forestry & Wildlife on the subject matter. Should you have any questions, please feel free to contact Darlene Nakamura at(808)587-0417 or email: darlene.k.nakamura(a�-hawaii.gov. Thank you. Sincerely, Russell Tsuji Russell Y. Tsuji Land Administrator Enclosures cc: Central Files _t �,F kq SIZA%NE D.CASE DAVIO Y.IGE °• •.w CRAIMR, N. GOVERNOR OF HAWAII �:.• Vg 38 '•-,q BOARD OF LAND AN D NAWRUL RESOCRM, COMNOSSION ON WATER RESOE'RCE any Nara yt•a� P ;¢ 4e� -eta-CYy1'Lf;.}# STATE OF HAWAII a�arw DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES LAND DIN-ISION POST OFFICE BOX 621 HONOIATU_HAWAII 96809 Mar 24, 2022 MEMORANDUM TO: DLNR Agencies: —Div. of Aquatic Resources _Div. of Boating & Ocean Recreation X Engineering Division (DLNR.ENGRahawaii.gov) X Div. of Forestry & Wildlife (rubyrosa.t.terrago[a)hawaii.gov) Div. of State Parks X Commission on Water Resource Management (DLNR.CWRMIQhawaii.gov) _Office of Conservation & Coastal Lands X Land Division — Hawaii District (gordon.c.heit0hawaii.gov) FROM: Russell Y. Tsuji, Land Administrator 'eusseli Tsuji SUBJECT: Change of Zone Application (PL-REZ-2022 000020) Request: Agricultural-3 Acres (A-3a) to Single-Family Residential-15,000 Square Feet (RS-15) LOCATION: South Hilo, Island of Hawaii; TMK: (3) 2-4-039:025 APPLICANT: County of Hawaii on behalf of RJL, LLC Transmitted for your review and comment is information on the above-referenced subject matter. Please submit comments by April 21, 2022. If no response is received by the above date, we will assume your agency has no comments. Should you have any questions about this request, please contact Darlene Nakamura at darlene.k.nakamura(ad?hawaii.gov. Thank you. BRIEF COMMENTS: ( ) We have no objections. ( ) We have no comments. ( ) We have no additional comments. (®} Comments are included/attached. Signed: 00A Print Name: ❑AVI❑ G. SMITH, Administrator Division: Division of Forestry and Wildlife Date: Apr 24,2022 Attachments cc: Central Files SUZANNE D.CASE (WAWTEK$QN p,�l'Ig1'.ICF [..� Ry,.. eiucnueu�ro.o:•bw.nnAi�€so�nc�s (;OI't1LV01k OF HAWAlt �� a t959 a LOh9MM.10�IX WATEAPM). aNIANAGEME\T 1. ROBERT K.\LiSL'OA i S FIRST PFPL-11 \L I1v LEE TOK- ATER \, SI,:PEAL 011011'[y".7\4E5 STATE OF HAWAII Cay}ICOS S I,WC FR MC RTALLA D_S HAW0 rrncra�:�,-ram:i�T rn.�srA1.>.A�As DI PART:�LI N 1-01:LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES In kl 1'AIILn.i k N C+Nkk li:IliEEIC L2S E�FORC�[E:7 NU FOUDIVIS10NOF FORESTRY ANT)W11DI.IFF ]ITSTM1C"J.Za TCN 1151 PUNCHBOWL STRFF,T'.ROOM 325 K-AROOLAWr lsr a�aaFsen�rocm2wssloti LA ro HONOLULU,HAWA 11 90R 1 3 STATE P.PX% April 22, 2022 MEMORANDUM Log no.3593 TO: RUSSELL Y. TSUJI, Land Administrator Land Division FROM: DAVID G. SMITH, Administrator Division of Forestry and Wildlife SUBJECT: Division of Forestry and Wildlife Comments for a Change of Zone Application (PL-REZ-2022 000020) Request from Agricultural-3 Acres (A-3a) to Single- Family Residential-15,000 Square Feet (RS-15) for a Parcel located on Warakea, South Hilo, Hawaii Island The Department of Land and Natural Resources,Division of Forestry and Wildlife(DOFAW)has received your request for comments regarding the Change of Zone Application for the subject parcel located at Waidkea Homesteads 2" Series, Waiakea, South Hilo, on the island of Hawaii; TMK: (3) 2-4-039:025. The proposed project consists of rezoning 13.838 acres of land from Agricultural 3 acres (A-3a)to a Single-Family Residential (RS-15) to allow for the subdivision of the subject property into 33 single-family residential lots with lot sizes ranging from a minimum of 15,000 square feet(s.f.)to just under 31,000 s.f.Associated work includes roadway and drainage improvements, and installation of overhead electrical and communication utilities. The State listed Hawaiian Hoary Bat or `Ope`ape`a(Lasiunis cinereus semonus)could potentially occur in the vicinity of the project area and may roost in nearby trees Any required site clearing should be timed to avoid disturbance to bats during their birthing and pup rearing season (June l through September 15). During this period woody plants greater than 15 feet (4.6 meters) tall should not be disturbed,removed,or trimmed. Barbed wire should be avoided for any construction because bat mortalities have been documented as a result of becoming ensnared by this type of fencing during flight. Artificial lighting can adversely impact seabirds that may pass through the area at night by causing them to become disoriented. This disorientation can result in collision with manmade structures or grounding of birds. For nighttime work that might be required, DOFAW recommends that all lights used be fully shielded to minimize impacts. Nighttime work that requires outdoor lighting should be avoided during the seabird fledging season from September 15 through December 15. This is the period when young seabirds take their maiden voyage to the open sea. For illustrations and guidance related to seabird-friendly light styles that also protect the dark, starry skies of Hawaii please visit: https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/wildlife/files/2016/03/DOC439.pdf. State listed waterbirds such as the Hawaiian Duck(Arias wyvilliana), Hawaiian Stilt(Himantopus inexicamis knudseni), Hawaiian Coot (Fulica alai), and Hawaiian Goose or Nene (Branta sandvicensis) the potential to occur in the vicinity of the proposed project site. It is against State law to harm or harass these species. If any of these species are present during construction activities, then all activities within 100 feet (30 meters) should cease, and the bird should not be approached. Work may continue after the bird leaves the area of its own accord. If a nest is discovered at any point, please contact the Hawaii Island Branch DOFAW Office at (808) 974- 4221. The State listed Hawaiian Hawk or `to (.l3w o solitarius) may occur in the project vicinity. DOFAW recommends surveying the area to ensure no Hawaiian Hawk nests are present if trees are to be cut. `Io nests may be present during the breeding season from March to September. DOFAW recommends minimizing the movement of plant or soil material between worksites,such as in fill. Soil and plant material may contain invasive fungal pathogens(e.g.,Rapid `Ohi`a.Death), vertebrate and invertebrate pests (e.g., Little Fire Ants, Coconut Rhinoceros Beetles), or invasive plant parts that could harm our native species and ecosystems. We recommend consulting the Big Island. Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) at (808) 933-3340 in planning, design, and construction of the project to learn of any high-risk invasive species in the area and ways to mitigate spread. All equipment, materials, and personnel should be cleaned of excess soil and debris to minimize the risk of spreading invasive species. Gear that may contain soil, such as work boots and vehicles, should be thoroughly cleaned with water and sprayed with 70% alcohol solution to prevent the spread of Rapid `Ohi`a Death and other harmful fungal pathogens. To prevent the spread of Rapid `Ohi`a Death (ROD), if `6hi`a trees are present and will be removed, trimmed, or potentially injured DOFAW requests that the information and guidance at the following website be reviewed and followed: h=s://cros.ctahr.hawaii.edu/rod. DOFAW recommends using native plant species for landscaping that are appropriate for the area (i.e.climate conditions are suitable for the plants to thrive,historically occurred there,etc.). Please do not plant invasive species. DOFAW recommends consulting the Hawaii-Pacific Weed Risk Assessment website to determine the potential invasiveness of plants proposed for use in the project(littps://sites.google.com/site/weedriskassessmeiit/liome). 'Ale recommend that you refer to www.plantl2ono.org for guidance on selection and evaluation for landscaping plants. We appreciate your efforts to work with our office for the conservation of our native species. Should the scope of the project change significantly, or should it become apparent that threatened or endangered species may be impacted, please contact our staff as soon as possible. If you have any questions, please contact Paul Radley, Protected Species Habitat Conservation Planning Coordinator at(808) 295-1123 or paul.m.radle &Iiawaii.gov. Sincerely, 00A DAVID G. SMITH Administrator SUZANNE D.CASE DAVIDY.IGE ,� ,9ss v CHAIRPERSON GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 0... BOARD OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES _ COMMISSION ON WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT cF W,cS and,ti�` F7 v STATE OF HAWAII 'Sete a6 N.m"` DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES LAND DIVISION POST OFFICE BOX 621 HONOLULU,HAWAII 96809 Apr 21, 2022 County of Hawaii Planning Department via email: Planning(cDhawaiicounty.gov Attention: Mr. Christian Kay 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Dear Mr. Kay: SUBJECT: Change of Zone Application (PL-REZ-2022 000020) - Request: Agricultural-3 Acres (A-3a) to Single-Family Residential-15,000 Square Feet (RS-15) located at South Hilo, Island of Hawaii; TMK: (3)2-4-039:025 on behalf of RJIL, LLC Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment on the subject matter. The Land Division of the Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) distributed or made available a copy of your request pertaining to the subject matter to DLNR's Divisions for their review and comments. At this time, enclosed are comments from the (a) Engineering Division and (b) Land Division-Hawaii District on the subject matter. Should you have any questions, please feel free to contact Darlene Nakamura at (808) 587-0417 or email: darlene.k.nakamura(a-)-hawaii.gov. Thank you. Sincerely, Russell TsuJi Russell Y. Tsuji Land Administrator Enclosures cc: Central Files yIy` 12 SUZANNE D.CASE DAVIDY.10E .cP•'.,i9se s CHAIRPERSON GOVERNOR Or HAWAII 0,'• WARD OF t,AND AND NATURAL.RESOD RCER o COMMtWON ON WATER MOURCE MANAOCNIVIT STATE OF HAWAII Sfr tifF a ;i DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES LAND DIVISION POST OFFICE BOX 621. HONOLULU.HAWAII 96809 Mar24, 2022 MEMORANDUM FROM: DLNR Agencies: _Div. of Aquatic Resources _Div. of Boating & Ocean Recreation X Engineering Division (DLNR.ENGRQhawaii.pov) X Div. of Forestry & Wildlife (rubyrosa.t.terragoahawaii.gov) _Div. of State Parks X Commission on Water Resource Management (DLNR.CWRMa-hawaii.gov) _Office of Conservation & Coastal Lands X Land Division — Hawaii District (gordon.c.heitCcDhawaii.gov) TO: O pAi Russell Y. Tsuji, Land Administrator �usse117su� T-P i SUBJECT: Change of Zone Application (PL-REZ-2022 000020) Request: Agricultural-3 Acres (A-3a) to Single-Family Residential-15,000 Square Feet (RS-15) LOCATION: South Hilo, Island of Hawaii; TMK: (3) 2-4-039:025 APPLICANT: County of Hawaii on behalf of RJL, LLC Transmitted for your review and comment is information on the above-referenced subject matter. Please submit comments by April 21, 2022. If no response is received by the above date, we will assume your agency has no comments. Should you have any questions about this request, please contact Darlene Nakamura at dariene.k.nakarnuraehawaii.gov. Thank you. BRIEF COMMENTS: ( } We have no objections. ( ) We have no comments. [ } We have no additional comments. Comments are included/attached. Signed: Print Name: Carty S. Chang, Chief Engineer Division: Engineering Division Date: Apr 18, 2022 Attachments cc: Central Files DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES ENGINEERING DIVISION LD/Russell Y. Tsuji Ref: Change of Zone Application (PL-REZ-2022 000020) Request: Agricultural-3 Acres(A-3a) to Single-Family Residential-15,000 Square Feet (RS-15) Location: South Hilo, Island of Hawaii TNIK(s): (3)2-4-039:025 Applicant: County of Hawaii on behalf of RJL, LLC COMMENTS The rules and regulations of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), Title 44 of the Code of Federal Regulations(44CFR), are in effect when development falls within a Special Flood Hazard Area(high-risk areas). Be advised that 44CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter B, Part 60 reflects the minimum standards as set forth by the NFIP. Local community flood ordinances may stipulate higher standards that can be more restrictive and would take precedence over the minimum NFIP standards. The owner of the project property and/or their representative is responsible to research the Flood Hazard Zone designation for the project. Flood zones subject to NFIP requirements are identified on FEMA's Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM). The official FIR.Ms can be accessed through FEMA's Map Service Center(msc.fema.gov). Our Flood Hazard Assessment Tool (FHAT)(http://gis.hawaiinfip.org/FHAT) could also be used to research flood hazard information. If there are questions regarding the local flood ordinances, please contact the applicable County NFIP coordinating agency below: o Oahu: City and County of Honolulu, Department of Planning and Permitting (808) 768-8098. © Havvaii Island: County of Hawaii, Department of Public Works(808)961-832T a Maui/Molokai/Lanai County of Maui, Department of Planning(808)270-7139. a Kauai: County of Kauai., Department of Public Works(808) 241-4849. Signed: CARTY S. CHANG, CHIEF ENGINEER Date: Apr 18,2022 Daryn Arai Land Use Planning Consultant June 8, 2022 Mr. Zendo Kern, Planning Director County of Hawaii Planning Department 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, HI 96720 Dear Director Kern: Subj ect: Response to Agencies' comments regarding Change of Zone Application PL-REZ-2022-000020 Applicant: RJL, LLC TMK: 2-4-039:025, Waiakea Homesteads, 2nd Series, South Hilo, Hawaii This letter will respond to comments received from consulting agencies that have reviewed the above-described request. We appreciate these agencies' comments being provided to the Applicant. Department of Health (memo dated December 21, 2021) The Applicant acknowledges that the Department of Health will allow for the use of individual wastewater systems (1WS)to support the proposed 33-lot single family residential subdivision as each proposed lot will be larger than 10,000 square feet in size and will not accommodate any multiple-family residential units. The Applicant will coordinate with the Departments of Health and Public Works to ensure compliance with NPDES requirements during the design and construction of storm water systems within the proposed subdivision. Department of Land and Natural Resources-Engineering Division (memo dated March 24, 2022) The Engineering Division reminds the Applicant to research the Flood Hazard Zone designation that affects the project site and to contact the County Department of Public Works that is the NFIP coordinating agency. The Department of Public Works, in its review of the application, has confirmed that the project site is situated within an area designated by the following flood zones: • Zone AH - a special flood hazard area that corresponds to the areas of one- hundred-year shallow flooding (usually areas of ponding)where average depths are between one and three feet. Whole-foot base flood elevations P.O.BOX 4501,HILO HAWAII 96720 PHONE: (808)895-3218 EMAIL:DARYN ARAI@OUTLOOK.COM Planning Depi. Exhibit 13 Mr. Zendo Kern, Planning Director Page 2 of 4 June 8, 2022 derived from the detailed hydraulic analyses have been determined at selected intervals within this zone. • Zone AO— a special flood hazard area that corresponds to the areas of one- hundred-year shallow flooding (usually sheet flow on sloping terrain)where average depths are between one and three feet. Average whole-foot depths derived from the detailed hydraulic analyses have been determined within this zone. • Zone X—is an area determined to be outside the 500-year floodplain. The Applicant intends to manage these shallow floodways by constructing a new underground culvert system that will channel the floodwaters along the project site eastern boundaries along Ainaola Drive for disposal into the existing culvert system maintained by the County at the Haihai Street-Ainaola Drive intersection. The Department of Public Works is one of several reviewing agencies that will be involved in the review of drainage studies and the approval of construction drawings associated with the proposed subdivision, ensuring compliance with the NFIP standards. DLNR-Division of Forestry and Wildlife (memo dated April 22, 20221 In order to protect listed species of animals that may occur within the project site, the Applicant is amenable to conditions that coordinate land clearing activities with the breeding season of both the Hawaiian Hoary Bat and Hawaiian Hawk that basically stretches between the months of March and September. If any State-listed waterbirds, such as the Hawaiian Duck, Hawaiian Stilt, Hawaiian Coot, or Hawaiian Goose (Nene)is encountered within the project site, the Applicant will cease activities within 100 feet until such time the bird leaves the area on its own accord. As this will be a single-family residential subdivision, it will be difficult to regulate the shielding of artificial lighting to minimize its effect upon seabirds that may pass through the area at night. No night-time work, requiring outdoor lighting, will be performed due to potential disturbances such nighttime activities may have upon nearby residential neighborhoods. Finally, the Applicant will follow mitigation protocols to minimize the spread of Rapid `Ohi`a Death (ROD) should the tree be encountered during land clearing activities. Department of Water Supply dated April 1, 2022) The Department of Water Supply (DWS) has confirmed water availability to support the proposed 33-lot subdivision via a 6-inch waterlines along both Ho`olala and Kikaha Streets. By memo dated May 4, 2022, the DWS confirmed receive of the required water commitment deposit, securing water availability for the project until May 31, 2025. Mr. Zendo Kern, Planning Director Page 3 of 4 June 8, 2022 Department of Environmental Management(memo dated April 1, 2022) We note that the Wastewater Division directs the Applicant to comply with State Department of Health requirements since the project site is not serviced by the County's sewer system. As recommended by the Solid Waste Division, the Applicant will develop a solid waste management plan in accordance with DEM's guidelines that will address the disposal of greenwaste generated by land clearing and the prohibition of construction-related waste at the County transfer stations. Department of Public Works (memo dated April 13, 2022) The Applicant will comply with all earthwork and grading requirements in conformance with Chapter 10 of the Hawaii County Code regarding Erosion and Sedimentary Control as part of the overall subdivision process. No driveways with direct connection from any proposed lots onto Ainaola Drive or Haihai Street will be permitted. Driveway connections for all proposed lots will connect to the proposed internal subdivision roadway system which will then connect to these County connector roadways (Ainaola Drive and Haihai Street), providing for adequate sight distance and constructed in accordance with the requirements of the Department of Public Works (DPW). As mentioned in response to the DLNR-Engineering Division, a drainage study will be prepared and the required drainage system will be constructed to support the proposed subdivision and comply with applicable NFIP program requirements as directed by the DPW as part of the subdivision review and approval processes. The Applicant requests that the Planning Director carefully consider the recommendation of DPW to require the pavement widening of the project site's Ainaola Drive frontages and to also provide for ADA-complaint paved shoulders along with associated drainage, lighting and safety improvements and necessary relocation of utilities. The Applicant finds these requested improvements excessive and functionally impractical due to the intervening State-owned land (TMK: 2-4-039:002)that makes up approximately 50% of the project site's general frontage along Ainaola Drive as well as the existence of a concrete drainage culvert located along the Ainaola Drive frontages of both the project site and the intervening State-owned parcel. The excessiveness of these recommended improvements by DPW is demonstrated by requiring the widening of the Ainaola Driveway 20-foot wide travel-way by an additional 2 feet per DPW Standard Detail R-18 for Primary Collector Streets, as well as improving its current grassed shoulders with a paved ADA-compliant shoulder all the way to the edge of the 5-foot future road widening situated within the property, which is about 40 feet from the existing Ainaola Driveway paved travel-way as shown on the attached Mr. Zendo Kern, Planning Director Page 4 of 4 June 8, 2022 "APPLICANT'S EXHIBIT A". As presented, the Applicant is being asked to widen and pave the shoulder of Ainaola Drive in disconnected segments due to the intervening State-owned land. The Applicant believes that segmented widening of that portion of Ainaola Drive directly fronting the project site would be functionally impractical as well as a potential traffic concern as any segmented widening of the travel-way will confuse drivers navigating this section of roadway. Furthermore, paving the existing grasses shoulders of Ainaola Drive to the edge of its 5-foot future road widening will create an approximately 40-foot wide, segmented paved shoulder that will encourage improper shoulder parking of vehicles, not to mention the sheer cost of providing such extensive improvements given the existing concrete drainage culvert that runs along this section of Ainaola Drive that presumably must be boxed-in and paved over to make it functional and safe, especially if such improvements must also meet ADA-requirements. The Applicant will provide for all drainage improvements, signs and markings, street lights and necessary safety devices within that specific section of Ainaola Drive at its intersection with the proposed Ho`olala Street extension, which the Applicant finds is responsible and fair. Police Department memo dated March 29, 2022) The Police Department does not anticipate any impact to traffic and/or public safety concerns as a result of the requested change of zone. We hope that we have adequately responded to comments offered by the respective agencies. Please feel free to contact me should there be any questions or need for additional information. Sincerely, DARYN ARAI Land Use Planning Consultant cc via email: Ms. Laurie Higashi, RJL, LLC �,.p..,em a aw». ^'-"'R„A �w. w.�•7..,���. `— .....�n« �., a e Fr—_ -- w-a w,w vsee wr -.Irne. I w I I .. . 1I. , sIl 1a0168 tiqFt IlI a. 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