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HomeMy WebLinkAboutPD BACKGROUND REPORT (PL-SLU-2022-004 & PL-REZ-2022-019) Magen-CO W e 11SLUREZ.05.26.2022 COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT BACKGROUND REPORT AMY HAGEN-COWELL TRUST STATE LAND USE DISTRICT BOUNDARY AMENDMENT APPLICATION (PL-SLU-2022-000004) CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (PL-REZ-2022-000019) AMY HAGEN-COWELL TRUST has submitted applications for a State Land Use Boundary Amendment from Agricultural to Urban for 6.875 acres of land and a Change of Zone from an Agricultural-1 acre (A-la) zoning district to a Single-Family Residential 10,000 square feet (RS-10) zoning district for 6.875 acres of land. The subject property is located on the east (mauka) side of the Hawaii Belt Road (Highway 11) at its intersection with Alii Drive and Nap6`opo`o Road, Ka`awaloa(Mauka), South Kona, Hawaii, TMK: (3) 8-1-008:004. PROPOSED ACTION 1. Applicants' Requests: 1) A State Land Use Boundary Amendment from Agricultural to Urban for 6.875 acres of land; and 2) a Change of Zone from an Agricultural-1 acre (A-la) zoning district to a Single-Family Residential-10,000 square feet(RS-10) zoning district for 6.875 acres of land. The RS-10 zoning district with a minimum lot size of 10,000 square feet, would allow a maximum density of 29 lots. The Single-Family Residential zoning district provides for lower or low and medium density residential use, for urban and suburban family life. Requirements for establishing a land use in the RS district, including a list of the variety of permitted uses, are shown in Section 25-5-1 to 25-5-8 of the Zoning Code. (Planning Department Exhibit 1 - Zoning Code Requirements for Single-Family Residential Districts) Proposed Development: If the requested land use entitlement changes are approved,the applicant proposes to subdivide the property into a total of 15 lots, with a minimum lot size of 14,000 square feet each. The applicant is also proposing to construct a new County dedicable standard road to service the proposed subdivision from Hawaii Belt Road (Mamalahoa Highway) to the north (mauka) of the intersection with Alii Drive. Additonally, the applicant proposes to construct a 12-foot-wide, paved outbound access easement within a 20-foot-wide easement to access the Hawai`i Belt Road from the -1- southern end of the subject property. 2. Objectives of the Requests: According to the applicant, the proposed subdivision is intended to help address the market housing needs of the community and while this is not an affordable housing project, the applicant will be required to comply with the County's housing code related to affordable housing. 3. Construction Timetable and Cost: According to the applicant, a subdivision application would be filed immediately after the granting of the Change of Zone and State Land Use Boundary Amendment. The applicant anticipates having the property subdivided by the beginning of 2023 and estimated cost of the project to be around $2 million. 4. Landowners: Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust. 5. Supporting Information: The applicant has submitted the following in support of their request. (Planning Department Exhibit 2 - State Land Use Boundary Amendment Application and Change of Zone Application dated March 1, 2022) STATE AND COUNTY PLANS 6. State Land Use Designation: Agricultural. 7. County Zoning: Agricultural 1-Acre (A-la). 8. General Plan LUPAG Map: The subject property is designated as Low Density Urban and Medium Density Urban. Low Density Urban allows for residential uses, with ancillary community and public uses. It also allows for neighborhood and convenience- type commercial uses. The overall residential density may be up to six (6)units per acre. Medium Density Urban allows for village and neighborhood commercial and residential and related functions (3-story commercial; residential up to 35 units per acre). 9. Kona Community Development Plan (KCDP): The subject property is situated in the KCDP planning area and lies within a Rural Town Transit Oriented Development(TOD) area. The KCDP encourages growth and infill within the existing rural towns. 10. Special Management Area (SMA): The property is located over one (1) mile from the nearest shoreline and is not situated within the Special Management Area. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY AND SURROUNDING AREA 11. Subject Property: The subject, 6.875-acre property is triangular in shape, and gradually slopes from east to west with less than a 10% slope. The triangular shape lot is located on the northeastern corner of the Hawaii Belt Highway intersection with Alii Drive -2- extension and Nap6`opo`o Road. The subject property is currently improved with a 36 square foot agricultural shed and is otherwise vacant and covered with vegetation. 12. Surrounding Zoning/Land Uses: Lands to the north are zoned A-la and RS-10. Lands to the northeast are zoned RS-15. Lands to the east are zoned A-la and CV-10. Lands across the Hawaii Belt Highway intersection with Alii Drive extension and Nap6`opo`o Road and to the west are zoned A-5a and lands to the south are zoned CV-10. Surrounding land uses include a mixture of small farms, residential subdivisions, and commercial uses. 13. Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawaii (ALISH): The subject property is "Unclassified" on the State Agricultural Lands of Importance Map. 14. Land Study Bureau's Detailed Land Classification System: The Land Study Bureau (LSB) designates the subject property as "C" or"Fair Soils" and"E" or"Very Poor". 15. U.S.D.A. Soil Survey: The soils on the subject property are classified as Honuaulu Hydrous Silt and Puna and Haplic Udarent soils with 10 to 20 percent slopes. The soils consist of a`a lava flows. The soil is considered well drained with a very low runoff class. 16. FEMA FIRM MAP: The subject parcel is in an area designated as Zone X on the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Zone X is an area determined to be outside the 500-year floodplain. 17. Flora/Fauna Resources: There was no formal flora and/or fauna study conducted for this Change of Zone request. Due to previous grading, grubbing, and cattle grazing activity, the applicants indicated that it is unlikely that any threatened or endangered floral or faunal species are present on the property. 18. Archaeological/Historic/Cultural Resources: An archaeological inventory survey (AIS) entitled "Final Archaeological Inventory Survey, TW: 8-1-008:004, Ka`awaloa Ahupua`a, South Kona District, Island ofHawai`i"was prepared by Haun and Associates in March 2021 (Planning Department Exhibit 3 -AIS dated March 2021). The AIS identified four historic sites with a total of 26 features. These consist of three single feature wall sites (Site 50-10-47-311441, Site 31145, and Site 31146) and one complex comprised of 23 component features (Site 31147). The identified features consist of nine enclosures, four walls,three stone-lined pits,two concrete pads, two platforms,two retaining walls, one lava blister, one trail, one walled terrace, and one wooden structure. -3- Feature function consists of livestock control (12), activity area(6), storage (5), bathroom (2), and transportation (1). The four sites in the project area possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, and workmanship. All of the sites are assessed as significant for its information content(Criterion"D"). The sites have yielded information important for understanding historic habitation and animal husbandry activity in the area. Site 31147 is additionally assessed as significant under Criterion "B" (association with the lives of persons important in our past), based on the site's association with the Reverend John Davis Paris and his family. The AIS determined all sites were adequately documented and were recommended for no further archaeological work. The three perimeter wall sites will not be impacted by land alteration and will be avoided during construction, with the exception of possible breaches for access and utility installation. By letter dated April 20, 2021, the State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) accepted the AIS (see Appendix B of the application), agreeing with the significance determination and the recommendation of no further work, however they requested that that an archaeological monitoring plan be developed and submitted to SHPD for review. By letter dated June 24, 2021, SHPD approved the Archaeological Monitoring Plan (see Appendix C of the application). 19. Public Access: There is no record of a designated public access to the shoreline or mountain area that known public access to the mountain or shoreline that traverses the project area. 20. Traffic: Anticipated traffic for the 14-lot residential subdivision will be far less than the 50 peak hour vehicle trips that would trigger a Traffic Impact Analysis Report(TIAR) pursuant to the concurrency section of the Zoning Code. PUBLIC UTILITIES AND SERVICES 21. Access: The subject property is located at the cross junction of Hawaii Belt Road (Mamalahoa Highway), Ali`i Drive Extension and Nap6`opo`o Road. Access to the subject property is directly from Hawaii Belt Road, a primary arterial roadway that is owned and maintained by the State. The applicant is proposing to construct a new County dedicable standard road to service the western end of the proposed subdivision from Hawai`i Belt Road and a 12-foot-wide paved outbound access road within a 20- foot-wide easement from the southern end of the subject property. According to -4- comments by the Hawaii Department of Transportation (HDOT), HDOT objects to the secondary access due to potential safety issues related to the cross-intersection to multiple highways and roadways, with the specific potential of creating conflicting traffic movements in close proximity to the existing signalized intersection. Additionally, HDOT states that a traffic assessment or access evaluation shall be submitted and accepted by the Highways Division, Hawaii District Engineer, including both an analysis of traffic safety and line of sight for the two proposed access points as well as an outbound, left turn assessment related to traffic safety. In addition, HDOT states that no additional water service laterals shall be allowed for the development from the highway's right-of-way and any existing laterals for the property must be removed and relocated within the development roadway. Lastly, HDOT states that the applicants shall obtain a use and occupancy permit from HDOT Highways Division for the use of any portion of the right-of-way along the state-owned portion of the Hawaii Belt Road. 22. Water: According to Department of Water Supply (DWS), the subject property has water commitments for 25 units of water(averaging 400 gallons per day)through June 20, 2022. Additionally, the applicant will be required to construct necessary water system improvements as required by the Department of Water Supply. 23. Wastewater: As there is no municipal sewer system in the area, the applicant proposes to use individual wastewater systems meeting the standards and requirements of the State Department of Health. 24. Solid Waste: There are no municipal waste collection services in the County. According to the applicant, solid waste will be handled through commercial haulers or the individual homeowners into authorized landfill sites or transfer stations. 25. Essential Utilities and Services: All essential utilities are available to the property. The area is served by police and fire stations in Captain Cook and Pu`uloa. Konawaena Elementary, Intermediate and High School is located approximately 1 mile north of the property. Medical services area available at the Kona Hospital located less than 3 miles north of the subject property in Kealakekua. AGENCIES' COMMENTS 26. Department of Public Works, Engineering Division: (Planning Department Exhibit 4—May 9, 2022 Memo) -5- 27. Department of Water Supply: (Planning Department Exhibit 5—April 13, 2022 Memo) 28. Department of Environmental Management -Wastewater Division and Solid Waste Division: (Planning Department Exhibit 6—April 1, 2022 Memo) 29. Fire Department: (Planning Department Exhibit 7—March 29, 2022 Memo) 30. Department of Health: (Planning Department Exhibit 8—March 22, 2022 Memo) 31. State Department of Transportation: (Planning Department Exhibit 9—May 20, 2022 Letter) 32. State Department of Land and Natural Resources —Engineering Division: (Planning Department Exhibit 10—April 20, 2022 Memo) AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS —NO COMMENT/CONCERNS 33. Police Department; State Department of Land and Natural Resources —Land Division AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS - NO RESPONSE 34. Office of Housing and Community Development; Kona Traffic Safety; State Land Use Commission; Office of Planning and Sustainable Development APPLICANT'S RESPONSE TO AGENCY 35. Letter dated April 25, 2022 from Sidney Fuke (Planning Department Exhibit 11) 36. Letter dated May 23, 2022 from Sidney Fuke (Planning Department Exhibit 12) 37. Letter dated May 24, 2022 from Sidney Fuke (Planning Department Exhibit 13) PUBLIC COMMENTS 38. No public comments have been received as of the date of the writing of this report. -6- ZONING § 25-4-68 Section 25-4-68. Grounds for approval or denial. The director shall approve an application for recognition of a de minimis structure position discrepancy unless: (a) The discrepancy is greater than the difference as allowed by the de minimis structure position discrepancy definition, or (b) The director finds that the improvement was placed with knowledge that it would violate the minimum yard or open space requirements; or (c) The improvement could be moved, or the discrepancy otherwise corrected, without significant expense, difficulty, or hardship to the applicant. (2002, ord 02-70, sec 3.) Section 25-4-69. Recognition of de minimis structure position discrepancy. If the director accepts the application for recognition of de minimis structure position discrepancy, the director shall notify the applicant in writing that the discrepancy is not a violation of the zoning code and that it may remain in place without a variance. (2002, ord 02-70, sec 3.) Section 25-4-70. Disclosure. A de minimis structure position discrepancy shall be disclosed by the owner to subsequent purchasers of the property in question. (2002, ord 02-70, sec 3.) Section 25-4-71. Appeals. The director's decision with respect to a de minimis structure position discrepancy is appealable to the board of appeals. (2002, ord 02-70, sec 3.) Article 5. Zoning District Regulations. Division 1. RS, Single-Family Residential Districts. Section 25-5-1. Purpose and applicability. The RS (single-family residential) district provides for lower or low and medium density residential use, for urban and suburban family life. It applies to areas having facilities, and to carry out the above stated purpose. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-5-2. Designation of RS districts. Each RS (single-family residential) district shall be designated on the zoning map by the symbol "RS" followed by a number which specifies the required minimum building site area in thousands of square feet. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) 25-73 Planning Dept. Exhibit 1 25-5-3 HAWAII COUNTY CODE Section 25-5-3. Permitted uses. (a) The following uses shall be permitted in the RS district: (1) Adult day care homes. (2) Cemeteries and mausoleums, as permitted under chapter 6, article 1 of this Code. (3) Community buildings, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (4) Crop production. (5) Dwellings, single-family. (6) Family child care homes. (7) Group living facilities. (8) Home occupations, as permitted under section 25-4-13. (9) Meeting facilities. (10) Model homes, as permitted under section 25-4-8. (11) Neighborhood parks, playgrounds, tennis courts, swimming pools, and similar neighborhood recreational areas and uses. (12) Public uses and structures, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (13) Short-term vacation rentals situated in the general plan resort and resort node areas. (14) Temporary real estate offices, as permitted under section 25-4-8. (15) Utility substations, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (b) In addition to those uses permitted under subsection (a) above, the following uses may be permitted in the RS district, provided that a use permit is issued for each use: (1) Bed and breakfast establishments as permitted under section 25-4-7. (2) Care homes. (3) Churches, temples and synagogues. (4) Crematoriums, funeral homes, funeral services, and mortuaries. (5) Day care centers. (6) Golf courses and related golf course uses, including golf driving ranges, golf maintenance buildings and golf club houses, provided that the property is within the state land use urban or rural district. Golf courses and golf driving ranges shall not be permitted within the state land use agricultural district unless approved by the County before July 1, 2005. (7) Hospitals, sanitariums, old age, convalescent, nursing and rest homes. (8) Medical clinics. (9) Schools. (10) Telecommunication antennas and towers. (11) Yacht harbors and boating facilities. (c) Buildings and uses normally considered directly accessory to the uses permitted in this section shall also be permitted in the RS district. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999; am 2012, ord 12-28, sec 3; am 2014, ord 14-86, sec 3; am 2018, ord 18-114, sec 5; am 2019, ord 19-100, sec 3; am 2021, ord 21-26, sec 5.) Section 25-5-4. Height limit. The height limit in the RS district shall be thirty-five feet. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) SUPP. 10 (7-2021) 25-74 APPLICATIONS FOR STATE LAND USE BOUNDARY AMENDMENT (AGRICULTURE TO URBAN) and COUNTY REZONING (A-la to RS-lo) APPLICANT: AMY HAGEN-COWELL TRUST KAWAALOA MAUKA, SOUTH KONA HAWAI'I TMK: (3) 8-1-008: 004 Prepared For: Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust Prepared By: Sidney M. Fuke, Planning Consultant Planning Dept. March 2122 Exhibit? STATE LAND USE BOUNDARY AMENDMENT APPLICATION (15 ACRES OR LESS) COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT (Type or legibly print the requested information) PETITION-ER:AnY Ragen-Caweli Trust �], PETITIONER'S SiCSNATUR )j Lk� k A ►� � DATE. lsrch 1.2022 ADDRESS:j2-1o17 Kalamalar:i Place,Apt,A Captain Cook.HI 96744 _-- - L PETITIONER'S INTEREST IF NOT OWNER:, TELEPHONE:(Bus.�808)987-3430 (R (FaxW8 322-8a11 LANDOW`.NTER(S): Am Hagan-Cowell LANDOWNER SIGNATURE(S):_ �{,�� � �VY►IL[�. F-]��x'�Iarct l_302? DRESS:5ame as app:icast (May be by letter) TAX MAP KEY:�-1-008:004 STREET ADORES$OF PROpERTY:.$1-6280 Mamalahoa Highway — ZON"ING:,.-1a SIZE OF PROPERTY:6-875 acres CURRENT STATE LAND USE DISTRICT C.ASSIFICATION:r'lg'l�ul=° REQUESTED STATE LAND USE DISTRICT CLASSIFICATION: urban AGENT:§idney M.Fu,ke ADDRESS•100 pauahi Street,Suite 2l3 Hilo.HI 96720 TELEPHONE:(Eus.)�69-1522 _ (Res.k_ (Fax) . Please indicate to whom original correspondence and copies should be sent. ORIGINAL,:5idney Fuke ^T- COPIES:rimY Hagen-Cowell Trust (See Instructions on Reverse Side) TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN. Plcaee he informed that I licreby ruathorize our pialM1119 C411SUItlrnt, Sidney M. Fuke,7o rile and proccss cappiictations to amend the Slag band Use Boundary Amendment(Agriculture to Urban) rind rcrnne(A-la to RS- 10)tray property identied by TMK8-I }08: 004. �� I -COWELL e Foal N; � LL TR'UST r ` CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT (Type or legibly print the requested information) APPLICANT: Amy Ha en-Cowell Tnistj APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE: DATE:AA, ADDRESS: 82-1017 Kalat ni 1 Apt A Captain Cook M 96744 LIST APPLICANT'S INTEREST IF NOT OWNER: LIST PRINCIPAL(S)INCLUDING NAMES OF MAIN OFFICERS: PHONE:(Bus.}_8Q 8-987-3430 _ (Res.) Same (Fax) 8138-322- 6411 LANDOWNER(S): Am Tia en-Cowell Trust LANDOWNER SIGNATURE(S). DATE: g Z May be by ette- LANDOWNER(S)ADDRESS: 8 - 017 Iia aInalani Place,Apt A„ Captain Cook,111 96 04 REQUEST: A-la TO RS-10 Existing zoning) (Proposed Zoning) TAX MAP KEY: 8-1-008: 004 STREET ADDRESS OF PROPERTY: 81-6280 Mamalahoa Highway SIZE OF PROPERTY OR AFFECTED AREA(S)TO BE REZONED: 6.875 acres AGENT: Sidney M.Fuke,Planning Comm tant ADDRESS. 100 Pauahi Street, Suite 212 Hilo, 6720 TELEPHONE:(Bus.)A62J522 (Res.} (Fax) Please indicate to whom original correspondence and copies should be sent. ORIGINAL: Sidney Fuke ,COPIES: Aniy Hagen-Cowell Trust ATTACHMENT Residential Rezoning PLANNING DEPARTMENT COUNTY OF HAWAII APPLICATION FOR CHANGE OF ZONE If your request is approved, do you intend to subdivide the subject land in accordance with the approved change of zone? Yer, if yes, please answer the rest of question 1 and then to question 3. a. How many acres of the requested area do you intend to subdivide? b+ac b. Into what lot sizes? 14,000 C. if your request is approved, approximately how long after the date of approval do you expect to submit your subdivision plans to the Planning Department for preliminary approval? 3mos d. Do you intend to build houses on the newly created lots? No if yes, please answer the following questions: on how many of those lots? At what approximate price range? House Lots Total Approximately how long, after approval of the subdivision, would the first house be available for occupancy? If you intend to subdivide, please submit a preliminary schematic subdivision plan together with your change of zone application form. 2. If you have no firm plans of subdividing the subject area, do you intend to: a. Sell or lease the lana to someone who has firm plans b. Sell or lease the land to someone who has tentative plans? C . Bell or lease the land to someone who has oto plans? d . Keep it? e, other (please state) t . If you intend to do either a, b, or c, please elaborate on the kind of plans the other party has. Please, also, include in your answer approximately how soon after approval of your rezoning do you expect to transfer the subject land to another party. 3. Do You think that your request and your further plans for the land will alleviate the local housing situation? Yes How? This project will increase the overall inventory of single-family residential lots in the area. 4, Are there any buildings on the subject area? No If so, what kind? what do you intend to do with those buildings if your xequost 1s approved? -2- 5• Is the subject land currently being used for any agricultural activity? No If so, please list the kinds of products grown and on how many square feet or acres of land per product . 6. To your knowledge, has there been any flooding and/or drainage problem on the subject area? No If so, please describe the problem. t• Do you think that the roads leading to the subject area needs improvement? No If so, what kind? Is the road adequate for the proposed traffic volume or load? Yes B. What sort of governmental assistance and/or improvements do you feel will be needed in the subject area when developed? yes HQ a. Schools x b. Roads x C . Sewer x d. Drainage x e , police Protection x -3- Yes f, Fire Protection X 9. Recreational Facilities X b , Public Utilities X 1 . other X For those checked "yes," please elaborate what type or kinds of improvements and/or assistance are needed. Please refer to planning and envirorunental report. s Signature: ❑❑ //gy�pv Address: Telephone: } ' Date: r r 6337A/50A -4- P. D. 5184 COUNTY ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT APPLICATIONS FOR STATE LAND USE BOUNDARY AMENDMENT (Agricultural to Urban) and COUNTY REZONING REQUEST (A-1a to RS-10) AMY HAGEN-COWELL TRUST KAWAALOA MAUKA SOUTH KONA, HAWAI'i TAX MAP KEY: (3) 8-1-008: 004 1. INTRODUCTION The applicant, Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust, of the subject property identified by TMK: (3) 8-1-008: 004, is seeking the land use entitlements to develop a 5.875 acre property into 15 single-family residential subdivision lots consisting of a minimum of 14,000 square feet. As such, the applicant is requesting a State Land Use Boundary amendment from Agricultural to Urban and, concurrently, a rezoning from Agricultural (A-1a) to Single- family Residential (RS-10). IL PROJECT LOCATION The subject site, consisting of 6.875 acres, is located on the mauka or east side of the Hawaii Belt Highway (Highway 11), near its intersection with the extension of Alii Drive and Napoopoo Road. It is situated within the land division of Kaawaloa-Mauka, South Kona and is identified by TMK: 8-1--008: 004. (Figures 1 and 2) There are commercial uses in the immediate vicinity (less than 500 feet) of the subject property. To its south, some of these uses include a gas station, hardware store, and a drive inn. To the north, there are some residences as well as a dry cleaning shop. III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION A. Project Concept and Components The applicant is seeking land use entitlements that would enable the development of a 15-lot single-family residential subdivision. The proposed lots would vary in size from 14,000+ to 25,000+ square feet. (Figure 3). The size would be generally similar to the Captain Crook VillagP Suhdivision situated adjacent and north of the subject site. A new road, consisting of a 50-foot wide right-of-way and 20 foot pavement, to service the proposed subdivision would be built to County dedicable standards. To facilitate left tarn movements from 1 COUNIY OF HAWAII Real Property Tax Office A MpUK A RD Overview �t1Kl PG f �S•'�D ' Legend [� Parcels 6. SUBJECT SITE —' Q0K Rq 00�1Rp . P Q P 748 ft pt�D' 'Hawaii County makes every etfortto produce the most accurate information possible.Nowarranties,expre-,sedor implied,are provided for the data herein,its use or interpretation.The assessment information is from the last certified taxroil.All data is subject to change before the next certified taxroll.The'parcels'layer is intended to be used for visual purposes only and should not be used for boundary interpretations or other spatial analysis beyond the limitations of the data.The'parcels'data layer does not contain metes and bounds described accuracy therefore,please use caution when viewing this data.Overlaying this Layer with other data layers that may not have used this layer as abase may nocprocure precise resuics.cars aria in►agery uata Will 110r over WV exnLuy. Date created:3/3/2022 Last Data Up[aaded:3/=022 7:25:02 AM Developed by"Schneider GEOSPATgAL Figure 7 \ � k, .■ � � } ` ` Nt6 - lb k . , � & • y � _ - --- e $ \ / . & • r . � c � ■ , .k� � e - ¥ , � \ g �• ■ Q \ - : m , � ■ SUBJECT % � 71 * SITE - % \ � � ■ , � ± % � \ r- � _ - c , � � & ` � ; . • t o 0 / ( w / • \ � 1 \ E- �� § ■ �f Figure . �\ |R �_2 f \ a PROPOSED SUBDIVISION MAP MINIMUM LOT SIZE = 113 ACRE rr 1p11 5f j4 65 SF let Ldp 5f i� SF 09� Oat Sf tk �. 0 23tts 8 SF t4[UD 4Ot t�Sf g tP Sf + 1 + Owner: Amy Hagen—Cowell Trust + TMK: 3-8— 1-8-004 1 + tiot'Z5f SF v-5 2.,7oa + A + + 1 + 1 1 sa so roa yl STALE 1 � �! the proposed subdivision, however, the project envisions having an additional outbound movement access at the southern end of the subdivision, fronting the Highway (Highway 11). This road would be a private 12-foot wide paved road within a 20-foot wide easement. (See Figure 3) This additional easement easement should facilitate one trying to exit the subdivision. The proposed single-family residential lot subdivision is intended to help address the market housing needs of the community. Although not an affordable housing subdivision, the project will be required to comply with the County Affordable Housing Code. 13. Project Timetable and Cost The applicant intends to begin making the appropriate improvements immediately upon securing all development permits. Hopefully, this can begin by the first quarter of 2023. The applicant estimates the cost of the proposed on-site and related improvements to be in excess of$2 million. This cost would include the new roads, as well as water and drainage related improvements. IV. INSTITUTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS A. State Land Use The subject property is designated Agriculture. As such, a State Land Use boundary amendment from Agriculture to Urban to cover the requested RS-10 zone is required and is being filed concurrently with the requested zone change application. B. County General Plan The County General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) map predominantly designates the subject site Medium Density with a small portion along the front portion Low Density Relative to the Medium Density designation, the General Plan allows consideration for "Village and neighborhood commercial and residential and related functions (3-story commercial; residential - up to 35 units per acre." While no commercial uses are contemplated, the requested residential rezoning would be consistent with the uses envisioned within the Medium Density area. 2 As such, no General Plan amendment would be required to effectuate this project. C. Rona Community Development Plan (CDP) Relative to the Kona CDP, Section 15.1 of the County General Plan called for the development and eventual County Council adoption of Community Development Plans. The General Plan states that the CDP "will translate the broad General Plan statements to specific actions as they apply to specific geographical areas." The General Plan also notes that should the CDP require a General Plan amendment, it could be considered concurrent with the adoption of the CDP. However, "If there is a direct conflict between the Community Development Plan and the General Plan, the General Plan shall be controlling." Pursuant to the above, the Kona CDP was developed and adopted by the County Council during the latter part of the year 2008. The CDP identified its vision to be "A more sustainable Kona characterized by a deep respect for the culture and the environment...." The Plan also fisted eight (8) guiding principles, which are: (1) protect Kona's natural resources and culture; (2) provide connectivity and transportation choices: (3) provide housing choices; (4) provide recreation opportunities (5) direct future growth patterns toward compact villages, preserving Kona's rural, diverse, and historical character; (6) provide infrastructure and essential facilities concurrent with growth; (7) encourage a diverse and vibrant economy emphasizing agriculture and sustainable economies, and (8) promote effective governance. Relative to the Kona Land Use Map of the CDP, the proposed project is situated within Captain Cook, one of the rural towns encouraged to be developed as a "Rural Town TCD." The CDP suggests that a Master Plan be developed that address four (4) areas. These areas (although the CDP does not identify who should develop the Master Plan) are: A) identify the site and appropriate design character of a transit stop of station. B) Identify other public facilities that would enhance the civic and economic vitality of these towns; C) Encourage innovative opportunities to provide affordable housing and live/work opportunities; and D) Improve pedestrian-friendliness of the streetscape. While situated at an intersection which means high traffic activity and thus normally conducive for a transit stop, the actual location of the subject site itself, however, does render itself as a safe place for congregated traffic movements. That is one of the reasons the applicant is proposing an additional outbound access only road. Nonetheless, the 15-lot subdivision is proximate to commercial activities in this area. It will make market-priced house lots available in an area where there are residential subdivisions as well. While it will not necessarily be an "affordable housing project", it will comply with the County's Affordable Housing Policy. In addition to being consistent with the land Use Map, the project wiW ■ address appropriate archaeological protocols through the preparation and implementation of an Archaeological Monitoring Plan; • provide direct and indirect (through the County's Affordable Housing Code) housing opportunities; • provide needed infrastructure to service its project and through the fair share assessment, address regional infrastructural impacts of the project; and • provide much needed employment opportunities, particularly during the construction phase of this protect. D. County Zoning The County zoning of the requested area is Agriculture (A-5a). If the Single-family Residential (RS-90) request were approved, all related land use and development codes such as Subdivision approval, fire, drainage improvements and the like would be complied with by the applicant. E. Other Permitting Considerations The site is not located within the County Special Management Area (SM^). Na such, no SMA Usc Permit wvuid be rcquircd. However, as noted earlier, other construction-related permits would still be required. These would be of the "ministerial" variety, such as Subdivision Approval, grading permit, NPDES, UIC, and the like. 4 V. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS A. General Description The 6.875 acre parcel is somewhat triangular in shape. The site is wide fronting the Hawai'i Belt Highway (Highway 11), tapering as it extends east or mauka. The site has an agricultural shed consisting of 36 square feet and has been used intermittently for cattle grazing. There is a vacant property south of the site, with residential developments to the north and east. B. Climate, Soil and Topography Being on the leeward side of the island and located southwest of Hualalai volcano, the project site is generally sunny in the mornings with occasional afternoon clouds. The rainy season is usually during the summer, with wetter periods from November to January. The average annual rainfall is approximately 34 inches, with pan evaporation estimated at 55 inches per year. The mean annual temperature is approximately 75 degrees. Because the site is situated on the leeward side of the island, winds tend to be light and variable. Slight easterly winds occur during the day, while westerly or mountain winds are prevalent during the evenings. The property's elevation ranges approximately 1 ,320 to 1,412 feet above mean sea level. There is a less than 10% slope towards the makai end of the property. According to this author's interpretation of the Land Study Bureau Overall Master ProductivitV Rating map, this site is classified "E- 268" or Very Poor. It is of the A'a clinker soil series. This series is characterized by properties with little or no soil material and light brown to nearly black A 'a. it is excessively well-drained and unsuited for machine tillability. Likewise, the soil classification found in the US Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly Soil Conservation Service) Soil Survey Report is of the Punalu'u series (rPYn) ThP Punalu'u series consists of well-drained thin organic soils over pahoehoe lava bedrock. Permeability is rapid, runoff is stow, and the erosion hazard slight. This type of soil was typically used for cattle grazing. 5 Under the Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawaii (ALISH) classification system, it appears that the site is not classified as other "Prime," "Important," or "Unique." C. Natural Hazards 1. Drainage The Federal Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) identifies the subject site to be within Zone X, areas outside of 500-year flood. As there will be an added level of impervious surface resulting from the construction of the on-site infrastructure, there may be potential increased run-off. In that event, dryweil(s) or similar type of accommodations will be implemented, subject to the review and approval of the Department of Public Works and State Department of Health via the Underground Injection Control (UIC) permit process. 2. Tsunami Hazard Given its elevation (1,300+) and distance from the nearest shoreline (1± miles), it is located outside of the Civil Defense's Tsunami Evacuation Zone. Thus, there should be little or no threat from high waves. 3. Volcanic and Earthquake Hazards The United States Geological Survey (USGS) classifies the subject site as Lava Flow Hazard Zone 3, on a scale of ascending risk, 9 to 1 . This designation is comparable to the City of Hilo. There is very little that can be clone to protect structures and improvements on the site from lava flows. Relative to protection of life, however, this would be achieved through the evacuation routes and warning systems provided by the County Civil Defense agency. Such notices will be prominently placed within office building. The entire island of Hawaii falls within Earthquake Zone 4, ancording to the County Building Code. As such, all structures built on the site will have to meet with the more restrictive seismic hazard structural requirements of the Building Code. 6 U. Fauna Resources Although there was no professional survey conducted of the faunal resources of the site, the applicant does not believe that rare or endangered faunal resources are likely to be found within or proximate to the subject site. This is due to the already partially disturbed state of the subject area and its immediate surrounding area. Nonetheless, because of the introduced vegetation and location of the property, the faunal resources should be somewhat typical of other developed areas. One may thus find bird species such as the Spotted Dove, Japanese White-eye, House Finch, Common Myna, and the like. Domestic animals such as cats and dogs, and other animals like rats and mongoose are also common. None of these are endangered animals. As such, it is unlikely that the development of this property would cause any adverse faunal impacts. Flora Resources Similarly, no commissioned botanical survey was done of the subject site. Based on field work done in conjunction with an Archaeological Inventory Survey, the authors noted the site had been bulldozed in the past and covered with secondary growth vegetation. The authors found Guinea grass and other introduced plant species such as the African tulip, autograph tree, Christmas berry, jacaranda, banyan, mango and kukui. There were also some native species such as the ohi'a. These plants are typical of this area. None of these were considered threatened or endangered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Thus, it can be reasonably argued that development of this area is not expected to have a significant negative impact on the botanical resources. F. Archaeological Resources An Archaeological Inventory Survey (AIS) was conducted of the subject site by Haun and Associates. (Appendix A) The AIS identified four (4) historic sites. Three (3) were wall sites and the other was a complex consisting of 23 features, such as enclosures, wails, pits, and concrete pads. These yielded "information 7 important for understanding historic habitation and animal husbandry activity in the area." Based on the above, the AIS concluded that the proposed development "will have no effect on the historic properties." It did add that an Archaeological Monitoring Plan (AMP) would be prepared and implemented in conjunction with any land disturbance activity. In a letter, dated April 20, 2021, the State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) approved the AIS. (Appendix B) SHPD also approved the AMP in its letter, dated June 24, 2021. (Appendix C) G. Valued Cultural Resources The recent Hawaii State Supreme Court's "PASH" and "Ka Pa'akai 0 Ka'Aina"decisions require decision-makers to consider a project's impact to native Hawaiian gathering and fishing rights. Specifically, there must be a discussion of the cultural, historical, and natural resources and associated traditional and customary practices of this site and the impact of this project to these resources and practices. In this situation, the subject site is not adjacent and/or proximate to the shoreline. As such, fishing and coastal access is not an issue. Furthermore, as noted in the floral and faunal analysis, there are no known rare or endangered plants or animal life. Since owning the site for over 20+ years, the applicant has not observed any native Hawaiians gathering plants within or proximate to the subject site. As such, it would appear very unlikely that the site would serve such purpose today and/or in the recent past. Nonetheless, if legitimate claims are made, the applicant will make the appropriate access accommodations. Furthermore, the site has been cleared archaeologically, and there were no known sites on this property that required preservation, In conjunction with any land disturbance activities, the protocols of the approved Archaeological Monitoring Plan will be adhered to. Thus, in the event inadvertent discoveries are made, the protocols outlined in the AMP will be followed. These include stopping work and making contacts and determining appropriate courses of action with the SHPD. Based on the above, it does not appear that the project would have any potential adverse impacts relating to native Hawaiian cultural and historical resources and/or practices. 8 H. Water and Coastal Resources The subject site is located over a mile from the coastline. As such, coastal impacts resulting from discharge of drainage systems from the site should not be significant. Being a non-coastal property, no coastal access will be affected. As there is no sewer line in this area, individual wastewater system meeting with the approval and requirements of the State Department of Health — more than likely septic —will be installed by the respective lot owners. Thus, this should further reduce potential adverse groundwater or nearshore water impacts resulting from this project. Further as noted earlier, prior to the installation or use of any drywells on the site to address on-site drainage concerns, the appropriate UIC permit from the State will be taken. At that time, impacts to water and coastal resources will be carefully examined. I. Noise, Air Quality, and Dust The existing background ambient noise level in this area is wind, foliage, birds, and the like. However, the significant manmade noise is influenced by the traffic associated along the Mamalahoa Highway. The traffic noise level, during the AM peak, could approach 55 Ldn. To mitigate this noise to the project, the applicant may provide appropriate landscaping —without compromising sight distance- along that portion of the proposed lots adjacent to the Highway, There will also be short-term noise impacts during the construction phase. To mitigate this impact, the development of this project — particularly the site work - will be limited to daylight hours and on weekdays. Contractors will also be required to comply with established State Department of Health guidelines and standards relating to noise and emission controls. The proposed development should not generate any direct air quality impacts. As the project itself is not expected to have uses that C)Pnerate ndvamra air pollutants, the only discernihle air quality impact would be associated with vehicular traffic to and from the site. While the added traffic will have an impact to the ambient air quality, the impact should not be significant. This is due in part to the higher EPA standards for vehicular air emissions and the prevailing tradewinds. As such, with the exception of minimal construction dust during the construction phase of this project, long term dust generated by the project should be insignificant. J. Scenic and Visual Considerations In the Natural Beauty element of the General Pian, there are sites or areas listed as scenic resources. The subject site is not listed as a scenic site. However, the views of the coast and Hualalai Mountain are indirectly referenced. From a viewplane perspective, the subject site is situated mauka of the Hawaii Beit Road and thus coastal views should not be impacted. Relative to Hualalai Mountain, that Mountain is located further north and not readily visible from the Highway. Notwithstanding those circumstances, the height of the proposed structures will be no taller than 35 feet, the maximum allowed within the single-family residential zone. This would be less than the maximum height limit under the existing Agricultural 5-acre zoning of 45 feet. As such, while the structures will be visible, their visual impact should not be overly pronounced. V1. SOCIAL AND RELATED CONSIDERATIONS A. Surrounding Land Uses The surrounding land uses in this area are a mixture of low to moderately dense residential, agricultural, and commercial uses. There are residential subdivisions located generally mauka (Captain Cook Subdivision) and north and south of the subject property. There are some commercial uses generally to the south and north of the subject property fronting the Highway. The requested zoning would be consistent with the evolving mixture of commercial and residential land use pattern in this area. R. Economic Impacts The requested zoning would have some measure of economic impact_ as it would provide short-term employment opportunities for those in the construction and related industries. The nature of this project (house lots) does not have any direct long-term economic impact. However, it does have an indirect impact by providing the needed social infrastructure — housing - to 10 support growth in Vilest Hawaii. In a sense, this type of project would be analogous to a school, which supports the needs of a community. A single-family residential zoning would also increase the tax revenues to the County, as opposed to the current agricultural zoning. However, as the assessed valuation of the subject property rises due to the higher residential use, there could be some fallout to neighboring properties that are zoned agriculture. However, a landowner who is intent on keeping his or her property for agricultural uses would have the option of dedicating its land for agricultural uses. C. Agricultural Impacts The subject site has not been used for commercial agricultural purposes for over 20 years. With the exception of the limited agricultural and cattle grazing activity on the site, the immediate surrounding areas consist of a mixture of commercial and residential uses. Further, the soil classification system of the Land Study Bureau designates the site as Class E or"Very Poor". While it does have agricultural potential, it is not unique from an agricultural resource perspective. Thus, its removal from potential agricultural use should not compromise the agricultural objectives of the County. Given the above, the agricultural impacts resulting from this rezoning should be negligible, if at all. V11. INFRASTRUCTURE CONSIDERATIONS A. Road and Traffic The subject site will construct a new County dedicable standard road to service the proposed subdivision. As the site is located near a tri-road intersection (Mamalahoa Highway — Highway 11, Napoopoo Road, and the extension of Ali'i Drive) and near a curve, left turn outbound movements from the proposed subdivision could be somewhat problematic. (See Figure 3) As such, the applicant is proposing to supplement that with a dedicated outbound only road easement at the south end of the property. This easement would be 20 feet wide to reasonably accommodate a 12-foot wide paved road. The project will not generate more than 50 AM/PM vehicular movements. As such the Zoning Cone's concurrency requirement (Chapter 25-2-45) relative to a Traffic Study is not triggered. B. Water Water will be secured from the County water line fronting the subject site. Water commitments for up to 25 units of water have been secured from the County Department of Water Supply. (Appendix C) If the requests are approved, the applicant intends to submit the required water commitment deposit of$11,250 to have these commitments extended to June 30, 2023, C. Wastewater As there is no sewer line in this area, the project will be serviced with individual wastewater system meeting with the requirements and approval of the State Department of Health. The prevailing requirement is a septic system and will be installed in conjunction with the construction of a building permit requiring a wastewater system. D. Solid Waste Solid waste will be handled by either commercial haulers who will dispose of the refuse at the county landfill at Pu'uanahulu or homeowners at the nearest solid waste transfer station in the area. During the course of preparing the land for this project, the applicant intends to retain as much of the material on the property. This should thus minimize disposal at approved disposal sites. E. Other Government Services As this area is already part of an urban area, it already has access to a number of services. All of the required police, fire, and related services are available. Police protective services are provided from the stations at Captain Cook in South Kona. There are also fire stations at Captain Cook and Pu'uloa with also emergency medical and paramedical services. The Kona Community Hospital at Kealakekua is located less than 3 miles north of the subject site and is managed by the West Hawaii Regional Board of the State Health System Corporation. This facility is one of 5 licensed hospitals on the island. 12 This residential project is intended to address the housing needs of the community. As such, while it is not necessarily growth inducing, it will have school-aged occupants. In that regard, it is noted that the site is proximate to the Konawaena School Complex. There is a major County recreation center at Captain Cook as well as a park at Pu'uloa. Given the project location, no extension of government services would be required. Further, the existing facilities should be sufficient to accommodate the demand expected from this project F. Other Utilities All other utilities such as telephone and electrical services are available to the site. V111. IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE ANALYSIS A. Relationship Between Local Short-Terra Uses_of Environment and Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-Term Productivity The short-term use of the site would probably be the same as the current use, which is a property vegetated with introduced plant species. This will continue until the full improvements are made, which will hopefully be before the middle to ending part of next yea r. This project should not result in any significantly adverse short or long-term impacts that cannot be properly mitigated. There will be direct and indirect economic benefits resulting from the construction and implementation of this project. There will be construction jobs created in the short-term. By providing additional house lots in the area, this project will have an indirect long-term benefit to the island's economy. Relatedly, the project will generate increased tax revenues that can supplement the State and County's fiscal resources. This project will provide market house lots in an area that would be proximate to places of employment and shopping. The required physical infr2Ort inti ire will be imnlemanted by the anplicant to mitigate potential impacts of this project. B. Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitment of Resources The area of the requested rezoning has somewhat been disturbed 13 and proximity to urban areas. As such, the commitment of natural or other resources (such as botanical and avifaunal) would not appear to be significant. Based on a SHPD-approved AIS, there are no archaeological or cultural features on the site that are being recommended for preservation. Additionally, an approved Archaeological Monitoring Plan will be implemented to address any but unlikely inadvertent finds. In that event, they will be treated pursuant to acceptable protocols and policies of the State. These include immediate stoppage of construction activity, consultation with the State Historic Preservation Division, and implementation of the agreed upon mitigation before commencement of further work within the affected area. C. Mitigative Measures The applicant intends to provide any required off and on-site infrastructure in conjunction with the development of this project. These will include on-site drainage system, landscaping, water, and roadway improvements. All of these will be done in conjunction with the permitting and permit implementation phases of this project. Relative to archaeological features, none recommended for preservation were found within the subject site. However, if any inadvertent discoveries are made during any of the construction or development phases of this project, the protocols of the approved AMP which include consultation with SHPD will be implemented. U. Alternatives to the Pro usedPro'ect 1. No Project Under the status quo alternative, the site would remain in its present vacant, vegetative use. Under this scenario, the site would not be utilized to its highest and best use, as envisioned by the General Plan and Kona Community Development Plan. Z. Development Based on Existing A-1a Zoning Under this alternative, the area of the requested zoning may still not be utilized agriculturally, given its current condition. The site would probably be subdivided into 5-6 large lots 14 without being subject to the County Affordable Housing Code nor the Fair Share Assessment. Given their 1-acre size, the sales price would also be higher, making it less accessible to those seeking market priced lots. 3. Alternative Rezoning Another option could be to utilize this site for multiple-family or commercial uses. While that would still be consistent with the GeneraI LUPAG's map Medium Density designation, commercial uses within a growing residential area and the traffic pattern may not be appropriate. Additionally, given the existing single-family residential pattern in this area, multiple family (unless of a less density) may not be appropriate. 4. Evaluation of Alternatives Leaving the property in its current state would not maximize the use of the land. The land could be subdivided into 5-6 large lots, but its agricultural uses would be minimal. There would also be diminished tax revenues and less public benefit in the way of creating more market value house lots. While alternative residential densities — such as multiple- family and/or lower density single-family residential subdivision - are possible, the multiple family density would be incongruous with the surrounding single-family residential pattern. Then, too, the low density residential use would reduce the inventory of house lots. In that regard, the project in totality would be consistent with the land use objectives sought to be accomplished by the County General Plan LUPAG map and the Kona Community Development Plan. In view of the aforementioned, it would appear that none of the alternatives would be more prudent and beneficial than the requested RS-70 zoning alternative. IX. REGULATORY ANALYSIS - County and State Land Use Policies A. General Plan LUPAG Ma The General Plan provides for the long-range comprehensive development of the island of Hawaii_ It provides direction for balanced growth in the County. 15 The LUPAG map designates the site Medium Density, a designation that allows the requested RS-70 zoning_ Accordingly, this request would be consistent with the LUPAG map. )E3, General Plan Policies The requested zoning would be consistent with the goals, policies, and standards of the General Plan document. For one, it may provide limited short-term economic opportunities largely through the construction of any improvements required for the residential development. Relatedly, longer-term opportunities could be created largely in the form of maintenance of public park and other public facilities, while creating a stable community through both the Fair Share Assessment and added real property tax revenues. In so doing, the resultant project should add sustained revenues to the County and State coffers. The project intends to be energy conscious through the use and/or encouragement of solar energy and design features to take advantage of wind and sun patterns. Maintaining and improving the quality of the environment is important to the success of this project. The General Plan identifies five (5) areas of environmental concerns - air pollution, water quality, soil pollution, solid waste disposal, and noise pollution. As proposed, the project would not be violative of any of those objectives. Aside from vehicular transmission, air pollution associated with the project should be negligible. All wastewater systems would be disposed off in a State Department of Health approved system. This should be sufficient to address any potential groundwater or coastal water impacts. If required, a solid waste management plan could be prepared and implemented. Being a residential project, it should not be a noisy one. Any noise-generating facility - such as air conditioners - would be carefully placed to minimize their noise impacts to adjoining properties. The project area is outside of any floodway. Nonetheless, a drainage plan will be prepared and implemented in accordance with the requirements of the County Department of Public Works to address site-generated water. The approved system will provide protection of the subject and adjoining properties. 16 While the site does have some archaeological sites, none were required to be preserved. They were primarily agricultural features. Land disturbance activities will be performed in accordance with an approve Monitoring Plan. Work will cease if unanticipated archaeological remains are discovered during the construction phase. Work will resume only after proper clearances from the State and/or County have been received. Being partially disturbed and within an urban environment, the prospects of the site serving as a habitat for rare or endangered plant or animal life appear remote. As this is a residential project, it will directly fulfill the objectives of the housing element. Specifically, these include goals, among others, which Attain a diversity of socio-economic housing mix throughout the different parts of the County Maintain a housing supply which allows a variety of choice Improve and maintain the quality and affordability of the existing housing stock + Seek sufficient production of affordable rental and fee-simple housing in the County in a variety of sizes to satisfactorily accommodate the needs and desires of families and individuals The Plan also emphasizes that developments be mindful of an area's natural beauty. In this situation, the project will be developed in a manner where it blends with the existing terrain and enhances the natural environment through the introduction of landscaping. Although the project site is located over a mile from the ocean, it is also separated by other developments from the ocean. As such, some of the usual coastal resources concern would not be pronounced. There will be no interference with shoreline access. Then, too, individual wastewater system meeting with the approval of the State Department of Health will be constructed during the building pormit phasca of this project Thin. impacts to the coastal water should be minimized. There will be little impact to public facilities. The roadway, water, and related system within the project site will be developed by the applicant. Schools and other public facilities are also located 17 proximate to the site, most of them being less than 3 miles away. The applicant will also contribute to the County's fair share system to address regional impacts. Finally, in terms of the Land Use element, the pertinent goals. policies, and standards of the General Plan note the following: • Designate and allocate land uses in appropriate proportions and mix and in peeping with the social, cultural and physical environments of the County ■ The County shall encourage the development and maintenance of communities meeting the needs of its residents in balance with the physical and social environment • Zoning requests shall be reviewed with respect to General Plan designation, district goals, regional plans, State Land Use District, compatibility with adjacent zoned uses, availability of public services and utilities, access, and public need ■ The county shall encourage the development and maintenance of communities meeting the needs of its residents in balance with the physical and social environment In view of the foregoing goals and policies, it is noted that the requested zoning would be consistent with the Medium Density designation of the LUPAG map. It would also be compatible with the surrounding area_ There are a number of single-family residential zonings in this area. The soil of the site is classified "E" or very poor. While it does have some measure of agricultural potential, as evidenced by the existing vegetation on the site, the site does not have resource that is deemed to be critical from an agricultural perspective. Furthermore, this area is bounded by urban uses. The property has no severe topographic or geologic problems that would render the land unusable for the proposed subdivision and activity. In view of the foregoing goals and policies, it is noted that the requested zoning would be consistent with the Medium Density designation of the LUPAG map. It would also be generally compatible with the surrounding area. There are single-family residential mauka of and within '%4 mile from the subject site. There are commercial uses within Sag feet of the subject site. is The soil of the site is classified "E" or very poor. While it does have some measure of agricultural potential, as evidenced by the existing vegetation on the site, the site does not have resource that is deemed to be critical from an agricultural perspective. Furthermore, this area is generally bounded by urban and urbanizing uses. The property has no severe topographic or geologic problems that would render the land unusable for the proposed subdivision and activity. C. Kona Community Development Pian As noted in Chapter IV-C of this report, the Kona Land Use Map of the CDP designates the subject site to be within Captain Cook, one of the rural towns encouraged to be developed as a "Rural Town TOD." While a more detailed discussion of this is found in Chapter IV-C, the proposed residential uses is consistent with the objectives sought by the CDP. While this general area is thought to be good for a transit stop, the subject site is not conducive due to traffic concerns. There would be other areas proximate to the subject site that would be more suitable as a transit stop. The residential uses would support the concept of rural town development, as it is proximate to commercial uses as well as the civic center less than a mile to the south. Equally important, it would provide direct and indirect (through the County's Affordable Housing Code) housing opportunities; [3. Zoning If the request were approved, the site would be developed into a single-family residential subdivision. All improvements would be developed consistent with the Subdivision Code. No variances from the Code are anticipated. E. Hawaii State Plan rhantPr 226. Hawaii Revised Statutes, outlines the long-range goals and policies of the Hawaii State Plan. Said Plan is intended to serve as a guide for the growth and future long-range development of the State. 19 Pursuant to said requirement, a discussion of the pertinent policies and goals and the project's relationship follows: Goats • A strong, viable economy characterized by stability, diversity, and growth that enables the fulfillment of the needs and expectations of Hawaii's present and future generations • A desired physical environment characterized by beauty, cleanliness, quiet, stable and natural systems, and uniqueness that enhances the mental and physical well-being of the people • Physical, social and economic well--being for individuals and families that nourishes a sense of community responsibility and caring of participation in family life. Discussion The proposed project would achieve these goals. It would provide both direct and indirect employment opportunities for current and future residents of the island; contribute to the island's overall tax base and hence, increase both State and County revenues; and complement and support other economic uses and in turn, contribute to the stability, diversity, and growth of local and regional economies. This short-term employment opportunity would come without adversely affecting the environment. There is no known wildlife or plant life listed as either endangered or threatened on the subject site. Then, too, there are no known significant archaeological features on the site. Any inadvertent finds will be addressed pursuant to the requirements of an approved Archaeological Monitoring Plan and the SHPD. Impacts to the surrounding areas would also not be significantly adverse. All required infrastructures will be in place by the applicant. These include a new road within the subdivision, drainage improvements, and the like. Furthermore, the provision and/or retention of natural landscaped buffers around the perimeter of and selected portions within the project site would also help mitigate any adverse visual and noise impacts to existing and potential neighboring residential or agricultural properties. 20 Hawaii Coastal Zone Management Program The objectives of the Hawaii Coastal Zone Management (CZM) Program are outlined in Chapter 205a. Hawaii Revised Statutes. The principal goal is to assure the protection and maintenance of the State's coastal resources. Although the entire State falls within the CZM area, the permitting process is geared for those areas proximate to the coast and identified by the County as the Special Management Area. Nonetheless, a general review of a project's consistency to the CZM policies - regardless of its location - must still be made. In that regard, please note the following: ■ The proposed project will not have any substantial adverse environmental or ecological effect. (Please refer to discussions in Chapters V, VI, and VII). Any effect that may result will be minimized to the extent practicable and will be clearly outweighed by public interest. ■ The proposed development would be consistent with the objectives of the CZM program. Specifically: there would be no impact to the area's recreational resources. This is not a shoreline property; the site does not have any known historical resources that require preservation. Any inadvertent finds will be addressed pursuant to the requirements of the State DLNR-HPD. • the project will not affect any scenic and open space resources; ■ the coastal ecosystem will not be impacted; ■ the project will help stabilize employment opportunities by providing additional market house lots, and hence furthering the economic uses of the site; • it-te 5itc is more than a mile from the shoreline, and this there would be no coastal hazard or beach erosion or marine resource impacts; and 21 • public participation will be achieved through the hearings on this request as well as notification through the posting of a sign and notices to surrounding property owners. • The proposed development is consistent with the County General Plan, Kona Community Development Plan, and other appropriate regulatory tools, such as the Zoning Code. G. State Land Use Urban Standards As the requested area covers less than fifteen (15) acres, the County can process the request. Pursuant to the Planning Commission Rule No. 13, the request must meet certain standards. These standards and their justification follow: 1. Conformity to the General Plan The project's relationship and conformity are demonstrated in Chapter IX A and B above. 2. Relationship to State Land Use Urban District Standards The State Land Use Commission's Rules provide the standards for determining the Urban district boundaries (Section 15-15-18). Their relationships to this request are noted as follows: a. "City-Like" Characteristics A concentration of people, structures, streets, and rural/urban level of services characterize this area. There are residences in this area; commercial uses less than 500 feet of the property; and the County's Civic Center complex less than a mile to the south. b. Factors of Urban Characteristics The site is proximate to centers of trading and employment. It is within an area where there are existing commercial and residential uses. It is also ndjacont to a major residential subdivision. All of the related urban amenities and services such as school, parks, and protective services are also located less than a mile from the site. As such, basic governmental and utility services are readily available. 22 This reclassification will not necessarily result in providing a sufficient urban reserve area for growth, as the applicant intends to develop the property immediately. Further, the site represents more of an "in-filling" and as such, would not really be suitable for a growth reserve area. Nonetheless, its approval and development could make fringe properties more suitable for reserves. c. Natural Hazards Topographically, the site is suitable for development. It does not have slopes in excess of 20 degrees. The site has no known unstable soil condition. There is no floodway that goes through the subject site. It is outside of the tsunami zone and is not located within the high volcanic hazard area. It is located within Zone 3, comparable to other parts urban areas like the City of Hilo. Although within the highest seismic zone (Zone 4), all improvements will be designed to meet with the prevailing building code. The applicable code is predicated on zone 4. d. Contiguous to Urban Areas The site is contiguous to urban areas on the mauka (east) and generally on the north and south. The County's Civic Center is located fess than a mile to the south. e. Relationship to County Growth Plans This site does not represent the creation of a new urban concentration, as the surrounding area is already an urban-like environment. The subject site is designated on the General Plan LUPAG map for Medium Density uses. The requested Single-family Residential (RS-70) zone is thus consistent with the General Plan. The project is also consistent with the Kona Community Development plan, as this site represents not only an "in-fill" but within the "Rural TOD" area- 2 3 rea.23 "Scatterization" Impact As the site does conform to the standards described earlier, this standard really does not apply. This applies to a situation where an amendment creates a potential "spot" zoning and thereby increasing the need to extend public services at considerable taxpayers' expense. In this situation, the general area is already urban in character, and the subject site is contiguous to this developing area. Its development should thus not result in the expansion or extension of government services. g. Slope of Property There is a benign slope running in a maukalmakai direction. However, the difference — with the exception of the floodway near the bottom and northeast portion of the site — is less than 10 percent. The slope would not render the site undevelopable or pose an extraordinary development risk. Accordingly, the development of this site would not be violative of the "more than 20% slope" standard. 24 SUZANNE D.CASE DAVID Y.IGEp p CIIAIRRR`(N GOV61iNOR 00.' 'S f F_9 ►•`—�,Y,� ROARD OU IAND AND NATURAL RWRCf.S S3AWA33 R* �5>i Sy 7� COW$S[CIJ ON WA[LR RPSOURCE MANAOVM�Kr ROBERT K 1HASllDA FIRST DITIITY ,-VW-&id A6,raa � pMFinv LEOcrMA-WnrLFa AGUAnc AE.�OL'RCES aOATRNo ANI)[ IAM RDOREATION BUREAU OF COTTV"AWr CT7t04VA04 ON WR'I'ER REMURCF.1- N F 34T COMIC,RVAIION AND COASTAL IAM)S CY'NSFERVAMN AND RFSOVRCUR CHFORC IG31{ STATE OF HAWAII °'° DQ4 FOP.ESTRY ANO9 VATK F: �ra0. Of DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES I CETMANDRtSZAVE'* fW RNNAwE ISLAND 1 D kRL'R C'L1.SAQSSIOH IAtQ] STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION DIVISION 9TATE PAPM KAKUHIHEWA BUILDING 601 KAMOKILA BLVD-,STE 555 KAPOLEI,HI 96707 April 20, 2021 IN REPLY REFER TO: Ikaika Rodenhurst,Director Project No.2021PR00422 County of Hawaii,Department of Public Works Doc.No.2104NMO4 10 Pauahi Street,Suite 7 Archaeology Hilo,HI 96720 public works(@,hqwaiicounly.gov Dear Ikaika Rodenhurst: SUBJECT: Chapter 6E-42 Historic Preservation Review— County of Hawaii Grubbing Permit for Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust Archaeological Inventory Survey Ka`awaloa Ahupua`a, South Kona District,Island of Hawaii TMK:(3)8-1.-008:004 This letter provides the State Historic Preservation Division's {SHPD's) review of the permit submittal documentation received by our office on March 18, 2020 (Log No. 2020.0052) and the supporting updated document titled Draft Archaeological Inventory Survey, TMK: (3) 8-I-008:004, Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a, South Jona District, Island of Ilawai'i (Haun and Henry, March 2021). This updated submittal was received by SHPD via MCRIS on April 14, 2421 (Project No, 2021 PR00422). The original submittal included previous SHPD correspondence, a copy of Grading Permit No. 092890 for grading permitted in 2018, a SHPD HRS 6E Submittal Form, and the initial draft of the archaeological inventory survey (AIS) report (Haun and Henry, February 2020). SHPD received the report on February 28, 202+0 (Log No. 2020.00484). In a letter dated April 24, 2020 (Log No. 2020.00652, Doc. No, 2004NM01), SHPD requested revisions to the draft AIS. The revised AIS was submitted to SHPD on May 8,2020 (Haun and Henry, May 2020)and SHDP requested additional revisions to the AIS in a letter dated September 3,2020(Log No. 2020.0065 2,Doc.No.2009NMO 1). The SHPD HRS 6E Submittal Form indicates the proposed project involves grubbing of the entire project area, leaving all existing perimeter walls in place. The mass grading of the entire 6.916-acre parcel is in support of proposed construction of an approximately 14-lot residential subdivision. SHPD records indicate that in 2016 our office reviewed a grading permit application for a 0.218-acre portion of the 6.916-acre parcel and requested a qualified archaeologist conduct a field inspection to determine if undocumented historic properties were present(July 21, 2016; Log No. 2016.01207, Doc. No. 1607SN15). Following receipt of additional information, SHPD made a determination of "no historic properties affected" for the grading project (August 12,2016;Log No.2016.0 1207, Doc.No. 1607SN25).The permit was issued(Grading Permit No.092890); see above. Haun and Associates conducted the AIS at the request of the Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust. The AIS report indicates that previously developed areas are located to the north and east portions of the project area, while the south border area remains undeveloped. Portions of the project area were mechanically altered as evidenced by bulldozer piles and tracks, as well as identified mechanical alterations to archaeological sites identified during the AIS. Additionally, archival records show nine properties out of 19 claims were awarded in Ka`awaloa Ahupua`a during the mid-19th-century Mahele. These awards describe mala kala, uala,kope and features such as a stone wall. The project area was awarded to Ane Keohokalole, the Chiefess of Ka`awaloa. The project area was later owned by Reverend J.D. Paris.A house was built on the foundations of Chiefess Kapiolani's home and later became the Paris APPENDIX B Ikaika Rodenhurst April 20,2421 Page 2 Hotel. No previous archaeology project was conducted on the parcel although nearby archaeology includes Kona Field System(KFS)features,habitation sites,trails and transportation sites,and Historic features. An interview with Reverend John Davis Paris'descendent states enclosures on the property were used as pig and cattle pens. The original AIS fieldwork included a surface survey of the entire parcel and excavation of a single 0.5-meter by 0.5-meter test unit in one feature (Feature A). Four historic properties were identified, comprising 26 surface features.These historic properties consist of three single feature walls (Sites 50-10-47-31144, 50-10-47-31145,and 50-10-47-31146)and one complex comprised of 23 component features(Site 50-10-47-31147).The features consist of 9 enclosures, 4 walls, 3 stone-lined pits, 2 concrete pads, 2 platforms, 2 retaining walls, l lava blister, 1 trail, 1 walled terrace, and 1 wooden structure. Additional archaeological work was conducted, at the request of SHPD, between February 17-26,2021. Six additional 1.0-meter by 1.0-meter excavation units were excavated at Site 50-10- 47-31147 (Feature C, Feature G, Feature H, Feature T, Feature W, and the former Paris Davis hotel location). The sites were assessed as significant under Criterion d(information) pursuant to HAR §13-284-6. Additionally, Site 50- 10-47-31147 was assessed as significant under Criterion b for its association with Reverend John Paris Davis and his family. All sites were determined adequately documented and were recommended for no further archaeological work.The three wall sites will not be impacted by the proposed grubbing and will be avoided during construction. SHPD agrees with the site integrity and significance assessments for the four sites. SHPD concurs that Sites 50-10- 47-31144, 50-10-47-31145, 50-10-47-31146,and Site 54-10-47-31147 have been adequately documented and with the recommendation of no further archaeological work, however, SHPD requests archaeological monitoring during ground disturbance activities for identification purposes. The Haun and Henry(March 2021) AIS report addresses the concerns in the previous letter(Log No.2020.00652, Doc.No. 2009NMO I)and satisfies the requirements of HAR§13-276-5. It is accepted. Please send two hard copies of the document,clearly marked FINAL, along with a text-searchable PDF copy of the document and a copy of this acceptance letter to the Kapolei SHPD office,attention SHPD Library. Additionally, please upload a text-searchable PDF version of the document to HICRIS Project No. 2021PR00422 using the Project Supplement option and send a PDF copy to lehua.k.soaresCc hawah.eov. SHPD hereby notifies the County that the AIS has been accepted and, prior to project initiation, SHPD looks forward to receiving for review and acceptance an archaeological monitoring plan for the current project that meets the requirements of HAR§13-279-4. Please submit the plan to HICRIS Project No.2021PR00422 using the Project Supplement option. Please contact Nicole Mello, Hawaii Island Historic Preservation IV at Nicole.Mellonu_.hawaii.aov for any questions regarding this letter. Aloha, /0#DOA11101- Alan S.Downer,PhD Administrator, State Historic Preservation Division Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer cc: Dion Gonzales,County of Hawaii,Dion.Gonm1esQhawaiicounty.gpv Amy Hagen-Cowell,Trustee of Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust,am whx hawaiiantel.net Robert Cowell,Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust,bobwhxghawaiiantel.net Alan Haun,Haun and Associates,ahaun haunandassociates.com SUZANNE D.CASE DAVID Y.IGE OF CRAMPOL kd (OVEMIR 01, -[ "IM CSt tAM>AND NA112RAL RRN A1C,.S EAWAJI �(� 5859 n 7+ 0DMM&SION❑N WATER RE-90URCE NANADEIEENC ROBERT MASUDA HIST MMM am a , M.KA LEO MAN UIEL ;c DEPT Try 1)=Tre-WATER AQUATIC R&S("CL� „I';y .w..�.+•: BOATING AND OF CERN RFi(:REES N ON Wll OF CIH-'vEYANCIS CY]AlMISS[�•1[AI WATE7[ELF-SOURCE MANAGF.'aINI cow.2vAr on AND w%srAI.LANm CKlNR*VATTON A.W RExn[Mfl.s FNFORC'kNaNT STATE OF HAWAII EM MkESTRY AND VTN]LIFf: ,�V. DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES LaE ISLA•0MSERVE C( of Y13^- ]CAI WOuwE IcuPm AF_4FAYE COA•4wf13S70N LAND STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION DIVISION STATE.PAWS KAKUH[HEWA BUILDING 601 KAMOKILA BLVD.,STE 555 KAPOLE],Hl 96707 June 24,2021 IN REPLY REFER TO: Ikaika Rodenhurst,Director Project No.2021PR00422 County of Hawaii Submission No.2021 PR00422.002 Department of Public Works Project No.2020PR32759 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 7 Log No.2020.00652 Hilo,HI 96720 Doc.No. 2106NM09 public works@,hawaiicoun ov Dear lkaika Rodenhurst: SUBJECT: Chapter 6E-42 Historic Preservation Review— County of Hawaii Grubbing Permit for Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust Archaeological Monitoring Plan Ka`awaloa Ahupua`a,South Kona District,Island of Hawaii TMK:(3)8-1-008:404 This letter provides the State Historic Preservation Division's (SHPD's) review of the permit submittal documentation received by our office on March 18, 2020(Project No. 2020PR32759,Log No. 2020.00652) and the supporting document titled Drafi Archaeological Monitoring Plan TMK (3) 8-1-008:004 Ka'awaloa Ahupua`a, South Kona Dislricl. Island of lfawai'i (Haun and Henry, April 2021; Submission No. 2021PR0422.002). The property is owned by the Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust. Previously, SHPD accepted an archaeological inventory survey (AIS) report (Haun and Henry, March 2021) completed in support of the project and requested submittal of an archaeological monitoring plan (AMP) in a letter dated April 20, 2021 (Log No. 2021PR00422, Doc. No. 2 l 04NM04). The SHPD HRS 6E Submittal Form indicates the proposed project involves grubbing of the entire project area, leaving all existing perimeter walls in place. The mass grubbing of the entire 6.916-acre parcel is in support of proposed construction of an approximately 14-lot residential subdivision, The AMP indicates that the previously submitted grubbing permit issued(Grading Permit No.092890) is outdated and the landowner will resubmit for a new grubbing permit. Our records indicate our office reviewed the previous grading permit application for a 0.218-acre portion of the 6.916-acre parcel and requested a qualified archaeologist conduct a field inspection to determine if undocumented historic properties were present (July 21, 2016; Log No. 2016.01207,Doc.No. 1607SN15). Following receipt of additional information,SHPD made a determination of"no historic properties affected"for the grading project(August 12,2016;Log No.2016.01207,Doc.No. 1607SN25). Haun and Associates conducted the AIS at the request of the Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust. The original AIS fieldwork inc:luticd a aurfuua survey a£the cath-c parcci and CY.4avack n of a sirtSic 0-5-mater by 0.5-meter test unit in one feature [Site 50-1047-31147 (Feature A)]. Four Historic properties were identified,comprising 26 surface features. These historic properties consist of three single feature walls(Sites 50-10-47-31144, 50-10-47-31145, and 50-10-47- 31146) and one complex comprised of 23 component features (Site 50-10-47-31147). The features consist of 9 enclosures, 4 walls,3 stone-lined pits,2 concrete pads, 2 platforms,2 retaining walls, 1 lava blister, 1 trail, 1 walled terrace, and 1 wooden structure. Additional archaeological work was conducted, at the request of SHPD, between February 17-26, 2021. Six additional 1.0-meter by 1.0-meter excavation units were excavated at Site 50-10-47- 31147(Feature C,Feature G,Feature H, Feature T,Feature W,and the former Paris Davis hotel location).The sites were assessed as significant under Criterion d (information) pursuant to HAR §13-284-6. Additionally, Site 50-10- APPENDIX C Ikaika Rodenhurst June 24,2021 Page 2 47-31147 was assessed as significant under Criterion b for its association with Reverend John Paris Davis and his family. All sites were determined adequately documented and were recommended for no further archaeological work.The three wall sites will not be impacted by the proposed grubbing and will be avoided during construction. SHPD received the original AIS report(Haun and Henry, February 2020), previous SHPD correspondence, a copy of Grading Permit No.092890 for grading permitted in 2018,and a SHPD HRS 6E Submittal Form on February 28, 2020 (Log No. 2020.00484). In a letter dated April 24, 2020 (Log No. 2020.00652, Doc. No. 2004NMOI), SHPD requested revisions to the draft AIS. The revised AIS was submitted to SHPT}on May 8, 2020 (Haun and Henry, May 2020) and SHPD requested additional revisions to the AIS in a letter dated September 3, 2020 (Log No. 2020.00652, Doc. No. 2009NM01). The revised AIS (Haun and Henry, March 2021) was submitted to SHPD via HICRIS on April 14, 2021 (Project No. 2021PR00422) and in a letter bated April 20, 2021 (Project No. 2021PR00422,Doe.No,2104NM04), SHPD agreed with the site integrity and significance assessments for the four sites and concurred that the sites had been adequately documented. SHPD requested archaeological monitoring during ground disturbance activities for identification purposes.SHPD sent comments regarding the current AMP to Haun and Associates on June 18, 2021 which were addressed on June 23, 2021 (Email correspondence between Nicole Mello[SHPD]and Alan Haun[Haun and Associates]). The subject AMP [Haun and Henry, June 2020 proposes a program of archaeological monitoring for all ground disturbing work located within project area and stipulates the following archaeological monitoring provisions: • A coordination meeting will be conducted between the construction team and monitoring archaeologist prior to construction activities so the construction team is informed of the stipulations detailed in the plan; • On-site monitoring will be conducted for all ground disturbing activities. One monitor is required for each piece of ground altering machinery during this project; • The archaeological monitor has the authority to temporarily halt all activity in the area in the event of a potential historic property being identified, or to record archaeological information for cultural deposits or features; • If non-burial historic properties are identified, documentation shall include, as appropriate, recording stratigraphy using USDA soil description terminology and attributes, GPS point collection with a receiver capable of sub-meter accuracy,recordation of feature contents through excavation or sampling of features, screening of features, representative scaled profile drawings, photo documentation using a scale and north arrow, and appropriate laboratory analysis of collected samples and artifacts. Additionally, photographs and profiles of excavations will be collected from across the project area even if no significant historic properties are encountered; • If human remains are identified, work will cease in the vicinity and the find shall be secured, and provisions outlined within the Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) §6E-43 and HAIL §13-300-40, and any SHPD directives, shall be followed; • Collected materials not associated with burials will be temporarily stored at the archaeological firm's officellaboratory unit appropriate curation facility is selected, in consultation with the landowner and the SHPD; ■ If Sites 50-10-47-31144, 50-14-47-31145, and 50-10-47-31146 need to be breached for access and utilities, the walls will include pre-and past-breaching photographs;and • Any changes in these provisions shall occur only with written approval from the SHPD. Data salvage will be conducted at Site 50-10-47-31147, Features D and F during archaeological monitoring and the AMP stipulates the following data salvage provisions: • Both features wit be photographed prior to any mechanical ground disturbance; ■ The two features will be mechanically bisected,and a profile drawing will be completed for both of the features; ■ Post-excavation photographs will be taken; • Any non-burial diagnostic cultural material identified during the excavations will be collected and transported to a laboratory for analysis; ■ Analysis for identified cultural materials will include various qualitative and quantitative analysis for food remains, lithics, and charcoal samples, and may include charcoal samples submitted for Ikaika Rodenhurst June 24,2421 Page 3 radiocarbon analysis. Subsurface cultural deposits will be documented within their geomorphological context; • The features will be mechanically dismantled after archaeological documentation is complete; • An archaeological monitor will be present during all data salvage activities; and • The data salvage results will be included in the archaeological monitoring report. The AMP meets the requirements of HAR§13-279-4. It is accepted. Please send two hard copies of the document, clearly marked FINAL,along with a text-searchable PDF copy of the document and a copy of this acceptance letter to the Kapolei SHPD office, attention SHPD Library. Additionally, please upload a text-searchable PDF version of the document to HICRIS_Project.No._2021 PR00422 using the Project Supplement option and send a PDF copy to lehua.k.soares(d hawaii. oovv. SHPD hereby notifies the County that the AMP has been accepted and the permit issuance process may proceed. SHPD requests written notification at the start of archaeological monitoring. Within 120 days of completion of archaeological monitoring fieldwork,SHPD looks forward to receipt of an archaeological monitoring report meeting the requirements of HAR§13-279-5 for review and acceptance. Please contact Nicole Mello,Hawaii Island Historic Preservation IV at Nicole.MelloAhawaii.ggv for any questions regarding this letter. Aloha, 0a941e/_ Alan S.Downer,PhD Administrator,State Historic Preservation Division Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer cc. Dion Gonzales,County of Hawaii, Dion.Gonzales hawaiicount ov Amy Hagen-Cowell, Trustee of Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust,amywhx0hawaiiantel.net Robert Cowell,Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust,bobwhx(&,,hawaiiantel.net Alan Haun, Haun and Associates,ahaun haunandassociates.com �4t �ti�Al - 1`5 DEPARTMENT 4F WATER SUPPLY ■ COUNTY OF HAWAII 345 KEKIJANA0'ASTREET,SUITE 20 • HILO, HAWAII 96724 PllAW1�•^D� TELEPHONE(80$)961-8050 • FAX (80$)961-8657 July 3, 2019 Mr.Robert Cowell c/o West Hawaii Excavating,Inc. P.O.Box 193 Captain Cook,H1 96704-4193 Dear Mr. Cowell: Subject: Water Commitment Time Extension for 25 Additional Units of Water Tax Map Key 8-1-008:004 This.is to acknowledge receipt of the required $3,750.00 water commitment deposit (WCD)for a time extension. A time extension for a commitment of 10,000 gallons per day at an average of 400 gallons per day,per unit,or 25 additional units of water, is hereby granted until rune 30,2020. Please keep in mind that the prompt payment of the annual commitment of$150.00 per unit,due by the 30"of June,each year,will be the responsibility of the applicant. The Department assumes no responsibility in notifying applicants of the upcoming deadline. The water commitinent is subject to the following conditions: 1. Submit a schedule for completion of the proposed development and utilization of the water commitment units. 2. Construct necessary water system improvements. Submit installation plans prepared by a professional engineer, registered in the State of Hawaii,for review and approval. 3. Remit the prevailing facilities charge(FC)balance,which is subject to change, as follows: FACILITIES CHARGE(FC): 25 units Q$5,500.00/unit _ -$_137.500.00 TOTAL FC $137,500.00 CREDITS: Credit of 37aro towards the total prevailing FC, which is subject to change,for drilling, casing, and outfitting a production well through KSA 11 ($50,875.00) FC of 25 units @$1,800.00/unit(previously paid) ($45,040.04) Total WCD paid to date for 25 units,times 21 payments Aa $150.00/unit ($78,750.00) (11.74.625.40) TOTAL FC BALANCE OWED $ 0,50 This is due and payable upon completion of the installation of the required water system improvements and prior to final subdivision/development approval being granted. APPENDIX D Mr. Robert Cowell Page 2 July 3,2019 A tinaI determination of the facilities charge balance will be made when water system improvements are satisfactorily completed or the project is bonded. At this time,the FC balance owed will be due and payable prior to final approval being granted. Additional facilities charges may be applied in the event that the facilities charge rate is increased. For your information,water conunitment deposits are credited towards the final facilities charge requirement for the development. Note that the amount of water commitment deposit may exceed the prevailing facilities charge amount; for example,when requests for time extensions continue and are approved. Until the development is finally completed,these are separate and unrelated items_ In the event that water commitment deposits exceed the facilities charge, no refunds are applicable. 4. Submit the appropriate documents,properly prepared and executed,to convey the water system improvements and necessary easements to the Water Board of the County of Hawaii prior to final subdivision approval.being granted. A registered land surveyor shall stamp and certify the metes and bounds description within the conveyance documents. However,prior to water meter servicos being granted to the development, or any lots within,the conveyance documents shall be accepted �y the Water Board. 5. Comply with all other applicable policies and requirements of the Department's Rules and Regulations. Noncompliance may be cause for voiding this water commitment,at which time availability will be subject to change in accordance with prevailing water system conditions,policies,and Rules and Regulations. Should there be any questions,please contact Ryan Quitoriano of our Water Resources and Planning Branch at 961-9070, extension 256. Sincerely yours, Keith K.Okamoto,P.E. Manager-Chief Engineer RQ:dfg copy- Planning Department Report 827-031821 FINAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY TMK: (3) 8-1-008:004 4 - 4 r rr r o i JJ�n' KNAWALOA AHUPUNA SOUTH KONA DISTRICT, ISLAND OF HAWAII HAUN & ASSOCIATES ARCHAEOLOGICAL, CULTURAL,AND HISTORICAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SERVICES 73-4161 KAAo ROAD, KAILUA-KONA HI 96740 PHONE: 808-325-2402 Fax: 808-325-1520 Planning Dept. Exhibit 3 Report 827-031821 FINAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY TMK: (3) 8-1-008:004 KNAWALOA AHUPUNA SOUTH KONA DISTRICT ISLAND OF HAWAII Prepared by: Alan E. Haun, Ph.D. and Dave Henry, B.S. Prepared for: Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust P.O. Box 193, Captain Cook, HI 96704 March 2021 HAUN & ASSOCIATES ARCHAEOLOGICAL, CULTURAL,AND HISTORICAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SERVICES 73-4161 KAAO ROAD, KAILUA-KONA HI 96740 PHONE: 808-325-2402 FAx: 808-325-1520 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 -00R - ^ ^ Report No . 827-031821 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY Haun & Associates conducted an archaeological inventory survey (AIS) of the 6.916 acre TMK: (3) 8-1-008:004 located in Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a,South Kona District, Island of Hawai'i.The archaeological inventory survey objective is to satisfy current historic preservation regulatory review inventory requirements of the Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-SHPD), as contained within Hawai'i Administrative Rules,Title 13, DLNR,Subtitle 13,Chapters 276 and 284,State Historic Preservation Rules. The AIS identified four historic sites with a total of 26 features.These consist of three single feature wall sites(Site 50-10-47-311441, Site 31145, and Site 31146) and one complex comprised of 23 component features (Site 31147). The identified features consist of nine enclosures, four walls, three stone-lined pits, two concrete pads, two platforms, two retaining walls, one lava blister, one trail, one walled terrace, and one wooden structure. Feature function consists of livestock control (12),activity area (6),storage(5), bathroom (2),and transportation (1). The four sites in the project area possess integrity of location,design,setting,materials,and workmanship.All of the sites are assessed as significant for its information content. The sites have yielded information important for understanding historic habitation and animal husbandry activity in the area. Site 31147 is additional assessed as significant under Criterion "b" based on the site's association with the Reverend John Davis Paris and his family. The landowner plans to construct a small, approximately 14-lot residential subdivision within the project area. The documentation of Site 31144, Site 31145, Site 31146, and Site 31147 adequately document them and no further work or preservation is recommended. The landowner however has stated that the Site 31144, 31145 and 31146 walls will not impacted by development and will be avoided during construction, except for potential limited breaching for access and utilities. The proposed activity,which will include mass grading of the parcel, will have no effect on the historic properties due to the aforementioned recommendations. Archaeological monitoring of future ground altered disturbance is however recommended at the request of SHPD.The monitoring work will be guided by an Archaeological Monitoring Plan (AMP) prepared for SHPD review and acceptance. Cover photo: Site 31147,Feature N enclosure wall(view to north-northwest) 1 All sites listed on the State Inventory of Historic Places(SIHP).Site numbers are 5 digit sequential numbers by island :50= State of Hawai'i,10=Island of Hawai'i, 47=Honaunau quadrangle,31144=Site number HAUN &ASSOCIATES I ii TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 ^ x - 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 Contents MANAGEMENT SUMMARY....................................................................................................... ii INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ 1 Scopeof Work........................................................................................................................ 1 Project Area Description ......................................................................................................... 1 Methods .....................................................................................................................................6 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND .........................................................7 Historical Documentary Research...........................................................................................7 Previous Archaeological Work ..............................................................................................28 PROJECT EXPECTATIONS.................................................................................................35 CONSULTATION .....................................................................................................................36 FINDINGS................................................................................................................................37 Site31144.............................................................................................................................37 Site31145.............................................................................................................................40 Site31146.............................................................................................................................40 Site31147.............................................................................................................................43 CONCLUSION .........................................................................................................................88 Discussion ............................................................................................................................88 Significance Assessments ....................................................................................................88 Treatment Recommendations...............................................................................................88 TRANSLATION OF HAWAIIAN WORDS..................................................................................90 REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................91 APPENDIX A — MASTER ACCESSION RECORD ...................................................................98 HAUN &ASSOCIATES I iii TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 ^ 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 Figures Figure 1. Portion of USGS 1996 7.5' Honaunau Quadrangle showing project area (obtained from usgs.gov). ...........2 Figure 2. Tax Map Key(3)8-1-008 showing project area (obtained from hawaiicounty.gov). .....................................3 Figure 3.June 16, 2019 aerial view of project area (obtained from Google Earth)......................................................4 Figure 4. Construction base yard on former location of Paris Hotel (view to west).....................................................5 Figure 5.Ahupua'a boundaries in project area vicinity(adapted from USGS 1996 7.5' Honaunau Quadrangle)........ 8 Figure 6. Portion of Jackson's 1883 map of Kealakekua Bay showing coastal Kaawaloa. .......................................... 14 Figure 7. Dunn's 1924 Register Map 2724.................................................................................................................. 15 Figure 8. 1825 Population Distribution in Kona (from Kelly 1983:14)........................................................................ 16 Figure 9. Portion of Emerson's 1891 Register Map#1281. ........................................................................................ 21 Figure 10. Reverend John Davis Paris in 1856(Porter 1926:32)................................................................................. 23 Figure 11.John Davis Paris Jr in 1874(Porter 1926:56).............................................................................................. 23 Figure 12. Ella Hudson Paris in 1874(Porter 1926:56). .............................................................................................. 24 Figure 13. Mary Alleta Paris(left)and Anna Matilda Paris(Right) in 1862(Porter 1926:56)..................................... 24 Figure 14. Paris's upper Ka'awaloa Home; subsequently the Paris Hotel (Porter 1926:60)....................................... 25 Figure 15. October 1, 1954 aerial view of project area vicinity(obtained University of Hawaii at Manoa online library)......................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Figure 16. Previous archaeological work.................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 17. Wes Thomas Associates(2008)topographic map..................................................................................... 38 Figure18. Site location map. ......................................................................................................................................39 Figure 19. Site 31144 wall (view to north-northeast).................................................................................................40 Figure 20. Site 31145 wall (view to northeast)...........................................................................................................41 Figure 21. Site 31146 wall (view to southeast)...........................................................................................................41 Figure 22. Site 31146 wall (view to southeast)...........................................................................................................42 Figure 23. Site 31146 wall (view to northeast)...........................................................................................................42 Figure 24. Retaining wall portion of Site 31146(view to east-northeast)..................................................................43 Figure25. Site 31147 plan map. .................................................................................................................................44 Figure 26. Site 31147, surface of Feature A platform and Feature B steppingstone trail (view to southeast). .........46 Figure 27. South side of Site 31447, Feature A platform (view to west). ..................................................................46 Figure 28. Paved surface of Site 31147, Feature A platform with Site 31146 wall in background (view to south)....47 Figure 29. Site 31147, Feature A,TU-827.1,west wall profile....................................................................................47 Figure 30. Selected artifacts from TU-827.1...............................................................................................................48 Figure 31. Site 31147, Feature B steppingstone trail (view to southeast)..................................................................49 Figure 32. Site 31147, Feature C retaining wall portion of feature(view to north). ..................................................49 Figure 33. Site 31147, Feature C,TU-827.5. northwest wall profile...........................................................................50 Figure 34. Post-excavation photograph of TU-827.5(view to north-northeast)........................................................ 52 Figure 35. Site 31147, Feature D stone-lined pit (view to southwest). ......................................................................52 Figure 36. Site 31147, Feature D stone-lined pit (view to northeast). ....................................................................... 53 Figure 37. Site 31147, Feature E outhouse(view to southwest)................................................................................ 53 Figure 38. Site 31147, Feature F stone-lined pit (view to southwest)........................................................................ 54 Figure 39. Site 31147, Feature G retaining wall (view to east)...................................................................................54 Figure 40. Surface of Site 31147, Feature G retaining wall (view to east).................................................................. 55 Figure 41. Site 31147, Feature C,TU-827.3, north wall profile. ................................................................................. 55 Figure 42. Porcelain ceramic fragments from Site 31147, Feature G,TU-827.3, Layer II (Acc. No. 8.002). ............... 57 Figure 43. Post-excavation photograph of TU-827.3 (view to north).........................................................................57 Figure 44. Site 31147, Feature H retaining wall (view to northwest).........................................................................58 Figure 45. Site 31147, Feature H,TU-827.2, west wall profile. ..................................................................................58 Figure 46. Prosser button from Site 31147, Feature H,TU-827.2, Layer I (Acc. No. 5.015). ...................................... 61 Figure 47. Door latch from Site 31147, Feature H,TU-827.2, Layer I (Acc. No.4.037).............................................. 62 Figure 48. Porcelain fragments from Site 31147, Feature H,TU-827.2, Layer I (Acc. No.4.016)...............................62 Figure 49. Porcelain fragment from Site 31147, Feature H,TU-827.2, Layer I (Acc. No. 5.005). ............................... 63 Figure 50. Post-excavation photograph of TU-827.2(view to north).........................................................................63 HAUN &ASSOCIATES I iv TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 ^ x - 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 Figures (cont.) Figure 51. Site 31147, Feature I wall (view to southwest).......................................................................................... 64 Figure 52. Site 31147, Feature J lava blister(view to east)......................................................................................... 65 Figure 53. Interior of Site 31147, Feature J lava blister(view to northeast). ............................................................. 65 Figure 54. Site 31147, Feature K enclosure(view to east).......................................................................................... 66 Figure 55. South wall of Site 31147, Feature K enclosure(view to east).................................................................... 66 Figure 56. Site 31147, Feature M enclosure(view to northeast). .............................................................................. 67 Figure 57. Site 31147, Feature O enclosure(view to north)....................................................................................... 68 Figure 58. Site 31147, Feature P enclosure(view to south-southwest)..................................................................... 68 Figure 59. Site 31147, Feature Q enclosure(view to east-northeast)........................................................................ 70 Figure 60. Site 31147, Feature Q enclosure(view to southeast)................................................................................ 70 Figure 61. Site 31147, Feature S enclosure(view to southwest)................................................................................ 71 Figure 62. Site 31147, Feature T,TU-827.4, northwest wall profile...........................................................................71 Figure 63. Brass cannister top from Site Site 31147, Feature T,TU-827.4, Layer II (Acc. No. 9.002).........................73 Figure 64. Post-excavation photograph of TU-827.4(view to northeast).................................................................. 73 Figure 65. Site 31147, Feature U and Feature V concrete pads(view to south)........................................................ 74 Figure 66. Site 31147, Feature U, metal post in curb. ................................................................................................74 Figure 67. Site 31147, Feature V, hole in concrete pad (view to southeast).............................................................. 76 Figure 68. Site 31147, Feature W stone-lined pit (view to northwest). ..................................................................... 76 Figure 69. Site 31147, Feature W stone-lined pit (view to north).............................................................................. 77 Figure 70. Site 31147, Feature W,TU-827.6, west-southwest wall profile................................................................ 77 Figure 71. Post-excavation photograph of TU-827.6(view to north).........................................................................80 Figure 72. Fragments of glass flask from Site 31147, Feature W,TU-827.6(Acc. No. 18.001)...................................80 Figure 73. Glazed ceramics from Site 31147, Feature W,TU-827.6(Acc. No. 18.003)...............................................81 Figure 74. Glazed ceramics from Site 31147, Feature W,TU-827.6(Acc. No. 19.007)...............................................81 Figure 75. Glazed ceramic from Site 31147, Feature W,TU-827.6(Acc. No. 20.002)................................................ 82 Figure 76. Glazed ceramic from Site 31147, Feature W,TU-827.6(Acc. No. 19.008)................................................ 82 Figure 77. Colorless glass jar from Site 31147, Feature W,TU-827.6(Acc. No. 19.001). ........................................... 83 Figure 78. Glass medicine bottle from Site 31147, Feature W,TU-827.6(Acc. No. 19.004)...................................... 83 Figure 79. Site 31147, Paris Hotel location,TU-827.1a, west wall profile.................................................................. 84 Figure 80. Post-excavation photograph of TU-827.1a (view to north).......................................................................86 Figure 81. Kaolin pipe stem from location of Paris Hotel,TU-827.1a (Acc. No. 1.013).............................................. 87 Tables Table 1. Land Commission Claims in Ka'awaloa.......................................................................................................... 18 Table 2. Previous archaeological work in Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a..................................................................................31 Table3. Summary of sites........................................................................................................................................... 37 Table 4. Cultural material from Site 31147, Feature A,TU-827.1...............................................................................48 Table 5. Midden from Site 31147, Feature C,TU-827.5. ............................................................................................50 Table 6.Artifacts from Site 31147, Feature C,TU-827.5 ............................................................................................51 Table 7. Midden from Site 31147, Feature G,TU-827.3.............................................................................................56 Table 8.Artifacts from Site 31147, Feature G,TU-827.3............................................................................................ 56 Table 9. Midden from Site 31147, Feature H, TU-827.2.............................................................................................59 Table 10.Artifacts from Site 31147, Feature H,TU-827.2.......................................................................................... 60 Table 11. Midden from Site 31147, Feature T,TU-827.4............................................................................................ 72 Table 12.Artifacts from Site 31147, Feature T,TU-827.4 ..........................................................................................72 Table 13.Artifacts from Site 31147, Feature W,TU-827.6.........................................................................................78 Table 14. Midden from Site 31147, Feature W, TU-827.6.......................................................................................... 79 Table 15.Artifacts from Site 31147, location of Paris Hotel,TU-827.1a.................................................................... 85 Table 16. Midden from TU-827.1a, location of Paris Hotel. ....................................................................................... 86 HAUN & ASSOCIATES V T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 Report No . 827 - 050720 INTRODUCTION At the request of the landowner, the Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust, Haun & Associates completed an archaeological inventory survey (AIS) of the 6.916 acre TMK: (3) 8-1-008:004 located in Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a, South Kona District, Island of Hawai'i. (Figure 1 and Figure 2).The objective of the survey was to satisfy historic preservation regulatory review requirements of the Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR- SHPD),as contained within Hawai'i Administrative Rules,Title 13,DLNR,Subtitle 13,State Historic Preservation Rules (2003). The landowner plans to construct a small, approximately 14 lot residential subdivision within the project area The initial AIS fieldwork was conducted between September 5, 2019 and November 6, 2019 by Haun &Associates Project Supervisor Solomon Kailihiwa, M.S and a crew of three archaeologists(Ben Seay, B.A.,Tammy Gibson, B.A., and Dan Trout,(B.A.)under the direction of Dr.Alan Haun.Approximately 59 labor hours were required to complete this portion of the project. Additional work was conducted at the request of SHPD between February 17 and 26, 2021 consisting of subsurface excavation within the Site 31147 complex.This required an additional 125 labor hours to complete. Described in this final report are the project scope of work, field methods, background information, survey findings,and significance assessments of the sites with recommended treatments. Scope of Work Based on DLNR-SHPD rules for inventory surveys the following specific tasks were determined to constitute an appropriate scope of work for the project: 1. Conduct background review and research of existing archaeological and historical documentary literature relating to the project area and its immediate vicinity--including examination of Land Commission Awards,ahupua'a records,historic maps,archival materials, archaeological reports,and other historical sources; 2. Conduct a high intensity, 100%pedestrian survey coverage of the project area; 3. Conduct detailed recording of all potentially significant sites including scale plan drawings, written descriptions,and photographs,as appropriate; 4. Conduct limited subsurface testing(manual excavation)at selected sites to determine feature function; 5. Analyze background research and field data;and 6. Prepare and submit Final Report. Project Area Description The project area is an irregularly-shaped parcel located in the interior portion of Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a at elevations ranging from approximately 1,320 to 1,412 ft elevation. The elevations presented in this report are in feet above mean sea level.The project area is located approximately 1,725 to 1,950 meters(1.07 to 1.2 miles) inland of the Pali Kapu O Keoua cliff line along the east side of Kealakekua Bay(see Figure 1).The parcel is bordered on the seaward side by the Mamalahoa Highway,also referenced as the South Kona Belt Road.The project area is located just inland of the intersection of the highway and Napo'opo'o Road. The south side is bordered by undeveloped land, with developed areas present to the north and east.An aerial view of the project area,taken on June 16,2019 is presented in Figure 3. Portions of the project area have been impacted in the past,evidenced by bulldozer tracks and piles,and secondary growth vegetation. Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) is present throughout the parcel with other introduced plant species consisting of African tulip(Spathodea campanulata),autograph tree(Clusia rosea), Christmas berry(Schinus terebinthifolius), jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia), kukui (Aleurites moluccana), banyan (Ficus benghalensis L.)., and mango (Mangifera indica). Native plant species noted in the parcel consist of ohi'a(Metrosideros polymorphs). HAUN &ASSOCIATES I 1 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 a o YOa c O i t Tt m M W CL S < ¢ ) 16 •� A r . r I� M * * o N 00 ■ O C da F� Q O i _ 16 Sam ■ .o C. bs r' c � � 3 N d 00 C ■ i E _ N to m cn c� M � 0 0 c O i O CL N w i O 0 L LL HAUN &ASSOCIATES 2 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 cet �nOm4 < o� o W x� 'az < 4 N 00� F V o` y, Q A U q 4 n v- 1! ■ q ° z o - Y k J z " P ® 1 4 s as NI 3`', q► 7 F a -� C a 9 M 6 i •� .._y...\ s t q .' \ rpt ` F L O co Q k 41 cCCL a ' o° 4 x O � k m LL mit i � HAUN &ASSOCIATES 3 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 i 714 • ,, Y I 1 f. #.may ����'`•xyr'�' 'r�...f �, ,- •�` � t LU ' d •. s _sr. .x Ip Q 41 to •jj., M HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 4 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 As will be discussed in a following section, the project area once contained a stone house belonging to Chiefess Kapi'olani and her husband Haiha Naihe. This structure was eventually purchased Reverend John Davis Paris who built a residence on the old foundation.This house subsequently became the Paris Hotel,operated by the Reverend's daughter Ella Hudson Paris. Over the years the hotel fell into disrepair and it was demolished in 2008. No remnants of the hotel or Kapi'olani's former house remain in the project area. Associated outbuildings,cesspools, enclosures and a stone path are present in the parcel,designated as features of Site 31147 in Findings section of this report. The hotel was situated within an approximately 0.27-acre area in the west-central portion of the parcel that has been graded and leveled area (see Figure 18 in Findings section). Currently this area is used as a construction base yard (Figure 4). �r i A�• i Figure 4.Construction base yard on former location of Paris Hotel(view to west) The parcel terrain slopes to the southwest.The soil is characterized by Puna extremely stony muck on 3-25%slopes (rPXE;Sato et al. 1973:Sheet 111)According to Sato et al.,this soil type is located at intermediate elevations on the slopes of Mauna Loa and Hualalai (1973:48).This soil is typified by a 5 inch thick layer of very dark brown extremely stony muck overlying fragmental a'a lava. It has a rapid permeability,a slow runoff and a slight erosional hazard and is classified as suitable for pasture and orchards.The underlying lava deposited from Mauna Loa Volcano between 200 and 750 years (Wolfe and Morris 2001:11 and Sheet 1). Annual rainfall in the vicinity of the project area ranges from 750 to 1,350 mm (30 to 53 inches; Giambelluca et al. 2013).The mean average temperature in this general area is approximately 76.1 degrees F(usclimated ata.com). No surface water sources are present in the project area. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 5 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 Report No . 827 - 031821 Methods Archival research was conducted at the Hamilton Library Hawai'i and Pacific Collection at the University of Hawai'i at Manoa,the University of Hawai'i at Hilo Hawaiian Collection,the Land Survey Office and the Archives Division of the Hawai'i Department of Accounting and General Services, the Bishop Museum Archives, the State Historic Preservation Division library in Hilo,the State Survey Division,and the Hawai'i State Public Libraries in Honolulu and Hilo. The field work portion of the project consisted of a 100% surface examination of the parcel with the surveyors walking transects at 10-meter intervals. Ground surface visibility throughout the parcel was fair to good. The sites identified during the survey were flagged with pink and blue flagging tape and their locations were determined with the aid of a Spectra Precision Mobile Mapper 20 device using the North American Datum (NAD) 1983 datum. The accuracy of the GPS device for a single point is +/- 1 to 3 meters. This accuracy was increased by taking multiple points including property corners and overlying the plotted points on a scaled map using AutoCAD software. The sites, as defined for this study, consist of features situated less than 15.0 meters apart. Features located more than 15.0 meters apart were assigned separate site designations. Exceptions to the 15 meters distance threshold consisted of the three ranch walls segments identified during the project.These walls are clearly historic in age and were given separate site designations regardless of their proximity to other nearby features. Features identified during the project consist of three rock wall (Sites 31144, 31145, and 31146) and a complex of historic features(Site 31147).The extents of the walls were determined using the GPS device with heights and widths taken at various locations using a hand tape. A standardized site form was also prepared for each of the walls and photographs were taken. The Site 31147 historic complex was documented by preparing a scaled plan map using hand tapes and compasses and feature forms.The features of the site were photographed. Subsurface testing during the initial AIS consisted of the excavation of one 0.5 by 0.5 meter test unit (TU-827.1), undertaken at Site 31147, Feature A. Additional excavation was undertaken at Site 31147 at the request of SHPD. This consisted of the excavation of six 1.0 by 1.0 meter units conducted at the following: Feature C(TU-827.827.5), Feature G(TU-827.3), Feature H (TU-827.2), Feature T(TU-827.4), Feature W(TU-827.6),and in the former location of the Paris Hotel (TU-827.1a). The excavation locations are presented in Figure 25 in the Findings section of this report. The units were excavated in stratigraphic layers and terminated on bedrock or in culturally sterile soil.The layers were excavated within 20 cm levels within the stratigraphic deposits.The percentage of gravel, pebble, cobble and boulder inclusions were estimated for each stratigraphic layer.This was calculated by estimating the percentage of inclusions in each level within a layer.These percentages were added and then averaged,creating an estimated layer percentage. Standardized excavation records were prepared after the completion of each stratigraphic layer.The soil removed during excavation was screened through Y4"mesh hardware cloth and 100%of the cultural material was collected. The portable remains were placed in paper bags labeled with the appropriate provenience information. Charcoal samples were deposited in aluminum foil pouches and placed in properly labeled paper bags. Following the excavations,section drawing depicting the stratigraphy was prepared and post-excavation photographs were taken. Collected cultural material was transported to Haun & Associates' laboratory for analysis. The collected cultural materials were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed.Artifacts were analyzed to determine morphological type, condition, degree of completion and material. Standard typological classifications were used for all artifacts. Quantitative analysis included a determination of total weight and total number of identified fragments (TNF) per taxon.The master accession record of the recovered cultural material is presented in Appendix A. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 6 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0nR • nna IReport No . 827 - 031821 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Historical Documentary Research The project area is located within the ahupua'a of Ka'awaloa in the district of South Kona (Figure 5). Ka'awaloa originates at the coast on the northwest side of Kealakekua Bay and extends inland approximately 11,125 meters (6.9 miles)to approximately 4,300 feet elevation.The coastal portion of the area consists of Kaleamamo Point and the Ka'awaloa Flats, with the Pali Kapu O Keoua cliff line extending along the inland side of the bay. Ka'awaloa is bordered by Kealakekua to the south and by Keopuka and Onouli 2 to the north. Hawaiian traditional accounts mentioning the ahupua'a of Ka'awaloa are very few, but include I'Vs (1959:131-2) account of a powerful canoe paddler during the time of Kamehameha 1.Akalele passed through Ka'awaloa when he was successfully racing his heavily loaded single-hulled against the king's fleet of double-hulled vessels.This account is described by John 1 i as follows: Akalele,a man famous for his paddling strength,is said to have come from Kauai and to have lived with our first king.One night the king left Kawaihae and set forth with his double canoes. Daylight found his company outside of Kekaha, and they rested a little while at Kailua. Akalele was alone on a single canoe about 6 fathoms long and filled with baskets of sweet potatoes,fowls,dogs,and such gifts as people brought who came to see the king on the beach in Kona.When they arrived at Kahaluu, or Keauhou perhaps,the single canoe began to race with the double ones,to see which could first reach their goal, Awili in Kaawaloa. So they raced, the king with his canoe paddlers, Akalele alone.Although the single canoe was loaded with goods,the king desired this race...After they passed Keopuka and reached Kalaemano [Kalaemamo] at Kaawaloa, they again turned shoreward.Near the harbor of Awili,where there is a narrow channel only large enough for a single canoe, the king called out, "O Akalele, turn your canoe into the narrow entrance! Glide in on a wave!"Akalele did as he was told and was first to arrive at Awili.The others took the longer way around and found him carrying the things ashore. The king helped Akalele because he was a stranger. Kualii, a paddler from one of the double canoes, is said to have leaped into the sea and found himself barely able to walk because he was out of breath and leg weary.This man was accustomed to such work; but against Akalele,the strength of a multitude was as nothing...(1'i 1959:131-132)] Maly and Maly (2001) translated portions of Ka 'ao Ho'oniva Pu'uwai No Ka-Miki (The Heart Stirring Story of Ka- Miki)a legendary account of two supernatural brothers, Ka-Miki and Maka -'iole,who traveled around the island of Hawai'i. Ka-Miki and Maka -'iole passed through the uplands following an awa drinking ceremony at Ka'awaloa (2001:24).One of Maly and Maly's informants remembered hearing of the Ka'awaloa Cart Road that extends through the coastal portion of the area being referred to as the King's Trail (2001:49). He heard that the former stepping stone trail followed the same route and was used to transport live fish from fishponds near Kiholo to Ka'awaloa. The first western visitors to the area clearly saw the general project area vicinity during visits to Kealakekua and Ka'awaloa. Kamakau (1961:156) states that a plant gathered along the Pali Kapu O Keoua (auhuhu or Tephrosia purpurea)was used to stun fish.The abundance and variety of agricultural crops grown in the general vicinity of the project area, between Kealakekua Bay and Kailua,were vividly described in journals written by Ledyard (1963) and Archibald Menzies(1920).These accounts describe the general area as populous and intensively cultivated, HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 7 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 e, I + , \ c gg \ ' E z \ a N G I m 1 Nl I 3 � I 1 o 0 1 1 i I 1 c ` 0 ` 1 � L j Y N i I` 1 � I j Lq ra I 1 ' I f I 1 \ m m + N 1 i + J T .LLD 75 E 1 \ a ++ ru l 1 I ♦ U \\ Y Q go mm C \ M u , C- u l O 16 Nn ` s Y c �o i Y 00 LL HAUN &ASSOCIATES 8 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 1Report No . 827 - 031821 with village sites situated along the coast among groves of coconut palms and with myriad garden plots planted upland from the habitations. Cultivated crops were described as extending upland to the edge of the most densely forested zone. Specific cultigens were planted to maximum advantage with respect to soil depth and precipitation, requirements that varied with elevation.Ledyard considered sweet potatoes to be the staple crop,but also observed forests of breadfruit and patches of sugar cane along the Kona plains. Menzies(1920)was the first to describe the dry land farming techniques of zonal crop arrangement that combined with environmental variables of precipitation,soils,and elevation,became the basis of the anthropologically-defined Kona Field System (KFS). Menzies noted that sweet potatoes, breadfruit, and mulberry trees were grown closest to the village,with the addition of taro,sugar cane, ti,and bananas further upland,and that only bananas and plantains were grown at the highest elevations. He also observed that the labor invested in clearing the land, constructing plot boundaries, and cultivating the crops would have been immense, but gives neither population estimates nor production capacity of the cultivated land.Walls denoting land subdivisions are present on even the earliest regional maps, but only hint at crop diversity and population density.Other activities observed in inland areas included bird catching,kapa making,and canoe building.Trails and wells are also described. Schilt(1984)summarized Kailua's early historic period. In the late 1700s to early 1800s, Kamehameha monopolized foreign commerce including the provisioning of trading and whaling ships and beginning in 1811 the sandalwood trade.The first missionaries arrived in Kailua in 1820,but only stayed a few months.They returned in 1823 and were given land to establish missions and by 1825 schools.The Reverend William Ellis traveled through the area in the early 19th Century. Between Keauhou and Ka'awaloa Ellis counted eight heiau and 443 houses.The gradual shift from subsistence farming to a market economy began with the introduction of coffee,corn,pumpkins,cotton,pineapple, and Irish potatoes in the 1820s to 1840s, co-incident with the arrival of missionaries.The missionaries living in the region prior to 1850 traveled overland between Keauhou Bay and Kealakekua Bay by means of a cart road that largely followed an earlier coastal footpath, referenced as the Ka'awaloa Cart Road. Kamehameha's father was reportedly buried in a cave in the cliffs of Ka'awaloa, and according to Maly and Maly (2001:14),the Pali Kapu O Keoua cliffs along the inland side of Kealakekua Bay were named for Kamehameha's father Keoua-kupa-a-pa-i-ka-lani (2001:14).According to Kamakau: The chiefs bones belonged by right to the family of Keawe-a-heulu and to the hidden burial places of its members from Kiolaka'a and Waiohinu in Ka-'u, but Kamehameha doubted whether this family could keep the place secret, for the place where the bones of their father, Keoua, were hidden was pointed out on the cliffs of Ka'awaloa.Kamehameha had therefore entrusted his bones to Ulu-maheihei Hoa-pili with instruction to put them in a place which would never be pointed out to anyone... (Kamakau 1961:215) One event in history with roots in Ka'awaloa is the Battle of Kuamo'o, an 1819 rebellion by defenders of the traditional religion against the newly Christianized Hawaiian monarchy. The religious rebellion was led by Kekuaokalani against the young King Liholiho following the death of Kamehameha.The rebellion was prophesized by the kaula (prophet or seer) Kapihe in the 1770s (Maly and Wong-Smith 1999). Kamehameha's consort, Ka'ahumanu aided the young king in the overthrow of the kapu system in 1819.After Liholiho formally dissolved the ancient system by eating with his mother, Keopuolani, and Ka'ahumanu,the king ordered the destruction of heiau and overthrow of the old idols. Liholiho's cousin, Kekuaokalani, who was the keeper of the war god Kukailimoku, was enraged by the destruction of the ancient kapu system and mounted a rebellion from Ka'awaloa on the north side of Kealakekua Bay.After a failed attempt to peacefully end the rebellion by Keopuolani, Liholiho's forces,led by Kalanimoku met Kekuaokalani's forces initially at Lekeleke in Keauhou 2. After an initial skirmish at Lekeleke, the main battle occurred in Kuamo'o near the coast.After a furious battle Kekuaokalani was finally killed and his forces dispersed.The battle is described by Kamakau as follows: HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 9 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 1Report No . 827 - 031821 The plan was for Ke-opu-o-lani to go in a double hull canoe and Hoa-pili in a single one. Naihe ordered Hoa-pili to land at Keauhou and wait the coming of Ke-kua-o-kalani, but Ke-opu-o-lani heard the order and took canoe with Hoa-pili and came to Kailua. Upon landing she was met by the chief and there was much wailing. Ke-opuo-lani said "I was to have been killed." "Where is Ke- kua-o-ka-lani?" asked Ka-lanimoku. "He is coming by land." "How did he receive you?" "Friendly means have failed; it is for you to act now," and Ke-opu-o-lani then ordered Ka-lani-moku to prepare for war on Ke-kua-o-ka-lani. Arms and ammunition were given out that evening to everyone who was trained in warfare, and feather capes and helmets distributed. The next morning Ka-lani-moku encouraged his followers to go forward, saying, "Go quietly, be strong, be soldiers,and drink of the bitter waters,O my little brothers.There are lands ahead,honor,wealth. Do not turn back,whether death or life lies ahead." He then placed the carriers of food and water and marched his men to Keauhou,where they camped. Ka-lani-moku then sent Ka-heana, called also Moehau, [to Ke-kua-o-ka-lani's men] with the word, "Let your chief come and confer with your chief Liholiho at Kailua, and if he will consent there need be no war." Moe-hau met Ke-kua- o-ka-lani at Kuamo'o and gave the message. "Where is Ka-lani-moku?" "Encamped at Kea[u]hou." "I command you to return to Ka-lani-moku and if he attacks to seize him and await my coming." The two were talking outside the stone wall at Lekeleke. Some of the advance scouts of Ka-lani- moku's following,fired a shot.The kahu kissed Ke-kua-o-ka-lani,jumped into the seas,and swam to meet Kalani-moku at Kawanui. Ke-kua-o-ka-lani's scouts fired and killed some of the men and wounded two chiefs on the side of free eating,but not seriously.They were Kaiki-o-'ewa,wounded in the calf of the leg,and Holua-loa,the friend for Ka-uhi-wawaeono and husband of Kaka'e.These were the first casualties, and had they been fatal,the battle would have gone to the tabu eaters. Ka-lani-moku's men retreated, but others, seeing how few in number the shooters were, pressed forward,the two sides met,and at Kuamo'o the battle began in earnest. Ke-kua-o-ka-lani showed conspicuous courage during the entire battle. He kept on advancing and even when shot in the leg he fought on bravely until afternoon,when he was surrounded and shot in the chest and died facing his enemies. His wife Manono fought at his side. When he was shot she cried out to Ka-lani-moku to spare her,for he and she had the same father. "How is the chief?" he called. "He is dead." "Then it would disgrace me in men's minds for you to live." How pitiful to hear a woman plead for her life!She fell at her husband's side under a volley of shots. Kuaiwa,the kahuna who had urged the revolt,was seized at Kailua and another plotter,named Wahahe'e,who shot Puakau, and they were killed and their bodies dragged along the highway (alaloa). Ku-a-ka- mauna the son Lono-hiwa, Pe'ape'a, and Na-heana fled to the bush. Manono,the son of Ka-nau- kapu and Keawe-haku,went into hiding among the cliffs of Waipi'o;many hid in the bush and some escaped to Maui. All were finally pardoned by Liholiho and their lives spared... (Kamakau 1961: 227-228) Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a had a coastal village that figured prominently in the history of the region.The settlement was visited by the first foreign vessels on January 17, 1779 by Captain James Cook.The account of Cook's arrival and the mistaken belief that he was the returned God Lono is described by Kamakau as follows: ...on January 17, 1779, he put in at Ka'awaloa Bay. Ka-lani-'opu'u was fighting Kahekili on Maui at the time. Captain Cook arrived during the tabu time of the Makahiki when no man could paddle out to the ship without breaking the law and forfeiting all his possessions. But when Captain Cook appeared they declared that his name must be Lono, for Kealakekua was the home of that deity as a man, and it was a belief of the ancients that he had gone to Kahiki and would return. They HAUN &ASSOCIATES 110 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 1Report No . 827 - 031821 were full of joy,all the more so that these were Lono's tabu days.Their happiness knew no bounds; they leaped for joy[shouting]: "Now shall our bones live; our'aumakua has come back. These are his tabu days and he has returned... Hikiau was the name of Lono's heiau at Kealakekua, and it lay close to the beach.The kahunas of the heiau were among the first,together with those who fed the god,to adopt the error of the rest of the people.The men hurried to the ship to see the god with their own eyes.There they saw a fair man with bright eyes,a high-bridged nose,light hair, and handsome features. Good-looking gods they were! They spoke rapidly. Red was the mouth of the god. When they saw the strangers letting out ropes the natives called them Ku-of- the-tree-fern (Ku-pulupulu)and Coverer-of-the island (Moku-hali'i).These were gods of the canoe builders in the forest. When they saw them painting the ship they said, "There are Ma'ikoha [originator of the wauke plant] and Ehu (Fair-haired)daubing their canoe,and Lanahu (Charcoals) daubing on the black!"When they saw the strangers smoking they said,"There are Lono-pele and his companions [of the volcano] breathing fire from their mouths!" Another sailor who put up a flag at the masthead they called Ku-of-the-colored-ensign (Ku-ka-lepa-'oni'on'o)..." ...When Captain Cook went ashore at Kealakekua the kahuna, believing him to be a god, led him to the heiau [Hikiau] and seated him above the altar where sacrifices were offered. The kahuna stepped back, and had a soft white tapa wrapped about his loins.Captain Cook was covered with a cloak of red tapa like that about the images.Then the kahuna prayed thus: Ou mau kino e Lono i ka lani. He ao loci,he ao poko, he ao ki'ei, He ao halo, he ao ho'opua i ka lani, Mai Uliuli, mai Melemele, mai Kahiki, Mai Ulunui, Mai Ha'eha'e, Mai'Oma'oku'ululu, mai Hakalau'ai, Mai ka aina a Lono i wahi aku ai, 1 ka lewa nuu, i ka lewa lani, 1 ka papaku, i ka papakahui a Laka. O lalo hang, a ole puu ka honua. E Ku, e Lono, a kane, a Kanaloa, E ke akua mai Kahikiku, mai Kahikimoe, Eia ka mohai, eia ka alana, E ola e ke alii, e ola i no pulapula, A kau i ke ao malamalama,is lana honua. Amama. Ua noa... ...On Ka-lani-'opu'u's return with his chiefs and warriors from Maui on January 24,1779,he landed at 'Awili in Ka'awaloa and stayed in Hanamua at the home of Keawe-a-heulu,who had been with them on Maui fighting with Ka-hekili... Ka-lani-'opu'u treated Captain Cook with hospitality,giving him hogs,taro, potatoes, bananas,and other provisions,as well as feather capes, helmets, kahili, feather leis, wooden bowls beautifully shaped,tapa cloths of every variety,finely woven mats of Puna,and some especially fine mats made of pandanus blossoms. In return Captain Cook gave Ka- lani-'opu'u some trifles. It is said that the hat that Cook gave to Kalani-'opu'u is in the wrappings of the head of Keawe-i-kekahi-ali'i-o-ka-moku...(Kamakau 1961:98-101) HAUN &ASSOCIATES 11 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 1Report No . 827 - 031821 Kamakau also describes the departure and ensuing return of Captain Cook to Kealakekua Bay, and the growing suspicions that the new arrival was in fact not the return god Lono. The subsequent theft of a boat led to James Cook's death along the Ka'awaloa flats.According to Kamakau: ...Palea no longer believed in the divinity of Lono and he plotted to steal a boat. He and his men secretly took a boat from Lono's ship and,Conveying it to Onouli,then broke it up to get the iron in it, also perhaps because they were angry with the white men for striking Palea with a club. It was this theft of the boat by Palea that led to the fight in which Captain Cook was killed. When Captain Cook and the sailors awoke in the morning and found their boat gone they were troubled; so Captain Cook went ashore at Ka'awaloa to inquire about the boat of Ka-lani-'opu'u, the ruling chief. Kalani-'opu'u denied any knowledge of the affair... [Cook] returned to the ship, and the officers discussed the affair and resolved to take the high chief Ka-lani-'opu'u on board and hold him there until the boat was found and restored... Cook landed with his company at Ka'awaloa between Ka-lani-'opu'u's place at'Awili and Keawe-a- heulu's at Hanamua.As a result of the conference held in the men's eating house before Ka-lani- Iopu'u,his older chiefs,and his sons, Ka-lani-'opu'u consented to go on board the ship. Ke-ku-hau- pi'o,meanwhile,seeing Cook on his way to Ka'awaloa,hastily set out from Ke'ei with another chief named Ka-limu.The strangers,seeing a man sitting at the outrigger of the canoe wearing a feather cape, shot at him. The shot struck Ka-limu and killed him. Ke-ku-hau-pi'o then hurriedly turned back and landed at Ka'awaloa.Just then Ka-lani-'opu'u and some of the chiefs dressed in chiefly array and carrying their war-clubs, appeared on the shore, ready to go on board the ship. Ke-ku- hau-pi'o cried, "O heavenly one! stop! it is not safe on the sea; Ka-limu is dead. Go back to the house." When Ka-Iola heard that Ka-limu was dead, shot by the strangers, she ran out of the sleeping house,threw her arms about the shoulders of Ka-lani-'opu'u and said, "O heavenly one! let us go back!" Ka-lani-'opu'u turned to go back.Captain Cook tried to grasp him by the hand,but Ka-lani-mano-o-ka-ho'owaha stuck his club in the way, and Ka-lani-'opu'u was borne away by his chiefs and warriors to Maunaloia, and the fight began. Captain Cook struck Ka-lani-mano-o-ka- ho'owaha with his sword, slashing one side of his face from temple to cheek. The chief with a powerful blow of his club knocked Captain Cook down against a heap of lava rock. Captain Cook groaned with pain.Then the chief knew that he was a man and not a god,and,that mistake ended, he struck him dead together with four other white men. The rest of the party fled to their boats and shot the gun,and many of the Hawaiians were killed.Some of those who were skillful with the sling, shot stones after the boat. Of one of these named Moa the strangers said, "Mahi-moa is a bad one. He twists his sling and the stone flies forth. He who flees,dies; he who stands still lives." When the strangers on the ship knew that their chief was dead,they shot their guns from the ship while the natives tried to ward off the shots with their sleeping mats.The bodies of Captain Cook and the four men who died with him were carried to Kalani-'opu'u at Maunaloia, and the chief sorrowed over the death of the captain. He dedicated the body of Captain Cook,that is,he offered it as a sacrifice to the god with a prayer to grant life to the chief (himself) and to his dominion. Then they stripped the flesh from the bones of Lono [Cook]. The palms of the hands and the intestines were kept;the remains (pela)were consumed with firel.The bones, Kalani-'opu'u was kind enough to give to the strangers on board the ship, but some were saved by the kahunas and worshipped... [Kamakau 1961:102-103] ...After the death of Captain Cook and the departure of his ship, Ka-lani-'opu'u moved to Kainaliu near Honua'ino and,after some months,to Keauhou where he could surf in the waves of Kahalu'u and Holualoa... [Kamakau1961:102-105] HAUN &ASSOCIATES 12 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 1Report No . 827 - 031821 Figure 6 is a portion of Jackson's 1883 map of Kealakekua Bay showing the Ka'awaloa Flats area. This map was obtained from Archives Division of the Hawai'i Department of Accounting and General Services (DAGS; http://ags.hawaii.gov/survey/map-search). This map shows Ka'awaloa Landing, along with two coconut groves, a Ione coconut tree, a monument to Captain Cook, and an "old Heiau" located along the shore. It also depicts Pahina O Lono above the cliffs that is described as follows. "Near this spot was cooked and partially eaten the remains of the great circumnavigator Captain Cook." Figure 7 is Dunn's 1924 map of Ka'awaloa Flats also obtained from DAGS. This map also shows Pahina O Lono; however, it is described on this map as an enclosure where Captain Cook's body was prepared for burial. "In this enclosure the body of Capt. Cook was prepared for burial by the priests of Lono in the ancient Hawaiian custom." The monument to Captain Cook and the"ancient Heiau"are also shown on this map. By the early to mid-18th Century religious missionaries had become a fixture in the South Kona area. Chiefess Kapi'olani and her husband Haiha Naihe, who resided in Ka'awaloa proved influential in the establishment of the missionaries in the area.Chiefess Kapi'olani relocated to Honolulu along with Liholiho and his royal court.According to Maly and Maly(2001:18),there,she learned to read and write,and eventually,she returned to Ka'awaloa where she endeavored to spread Christianity to the local populous. ...After her return to Hawaii she settled on the land belonging to herself and her husband at Ka'awaloa, and established the teaching of reading and writing to those of their households and to the commoners of their lands,Ka'awaloa and Kealakekua...Ka-pi'o-lani encouraged learning and converted her husband Na-ihe to righteousness...The two continued to strive in righteousness,and such prominent people as Kamakau,Ke-po'o-kulou and others,and the lesser chiefs all joined with her... (Kamakau 1961:381) According to Kamakau (1992),while on Oahu, Kapi'olani was exposed to 'oku'u, a disease that was sweeping the islands. Although she survived, she returned to Ka'awaloa 1823 in poor health and resided at a stone house that once existed within the present project area.According to Smith(1991)the land on which the house was constructed originally belonged to Kamakau but was given to Kapi'olani and Naihe in exchange for other lands. The Rev.William Alexander visited the area in 1832 and noted the home where Kapi'olani and her husband Naihe resided. "She has a very neat house wearing the appearance of civilization (Alexander 1888:67).The Reverend John Davis Paris also visited the area in 1863 and describe the ruins of the house as follows: We walked one evening to the house nearby,where Kapiolani and her husband Naihe lived. You remember Kapiolani was the brave princess I told you of. It was a stone house, built of solid coral rocks,the walls three feet thick,and is on an eminence commanding a fine view of the sea. No one was now living in the house; but quite a number of little kittens,wild as they could be,scampered. (Anderson 1865-113) Paris(1926)also states the following regarding the house: Here Kapiolani,the Kona chiefess famed for her defiance of Pele in 1825,had entertained many a weary and appreciative traveler, refreshing them with luscious grapes and oranges after hot and dusty journeys on foot and horseback. In this old stone house Kalakaua had lived as a child, with his sisters, Liliuokalani and Likelike,their mother being a Kona chiefess. (Paris 1926:60) HAUN &ASSOCIATES 13 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 114 If . K 1 �eLa7e[3n •�'( `�•i` � � ` 41 . l d�5, t r yr I c hk R v a 3 to m lu O e` y° a }5I M co co r co 'N i r N c i Y Lh ,�nei C t lu 3 o0 LL HAUN &ASSOCIATES 14 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 r � @ I1"Z W W p ' lost P,Nln4 g �" , i of � y � � •�-�q. /\ so i i Ill X Q' t Pv j 0 a• f�i a `o i it } IN E " R1oj °-w a _€ f W Nib Q C 3 X � 00 LL HAUN &ASSOCIATES 15 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 Report N o . 8 2 7 - 0 3 1 8 2 1 As stated above, Kamehameha's father, Keoua-kupa-a-pa-i-ka-lani is reported to be buried in a cave along the Pali Kapu 0 Keoua cliff line.According to Kamakau,the use of the cliffs for burial expanded at the behest of Ka'ahumanu following her conversion to Christianity. When Ka-'ahu-manu became a Christian she had all the images burned and ordered an end put to the practice of kahunaism.When she heard that some of the chiefs and people had been deifying the bones of chiefs deposited in the Hale-o-Keawe at Honaunau, Kona,and at Waipi'o in Hamakua, she gathered up the bones and deposited them in the cliffs of Ka'awaloa and burned the debris. Her name was heaped with abuse for this deed, but she really did place the bones where they would be undisturbed... (Kamakau 1961:322) A missionary station and school were established in coastal Ka'awaloa in the 1820s and the village served as a port until 1941. Dunn's 1924 map of Ka'awaloa Flats (see Figure 7) depicts the port area, along with house parcels. A railway is located along the inland side of the port facility,likely used to assist in the offloading of ships. Figure 8 is a map by Holland,a geographer, reproduced in Kelly(1983:14)showing the distribution of the population in central Kona in 1825. The map shows an estimated 250 people lived along the coast in Ke6puka, and 150 lived inland.An 1835 missionary census lists a combined population of 462 for Ke6puka and Ka'awaloa (Schmitt 1973:29). Hammatt et al. (1995)estimate that by 1860 the population of Ke6puka and Ka'awaloa was 214. I t 111 � 1 1 1 1 ' 1 • s, 1 ! yt. t'1 i 1Ioli l `+: ! f � I 1 1 s 11 1 1 t to h' JK 1 ■ .� " 1 . 1 l�i1 j1 ISA ! i a j:°F Al jl � it�� �: 1 s It J11 t " o f J 11 , r 11 1+� 1 tell l + 1.11 J I 1 I f jl I +.1 t j=ii! I r t s:•� s •• t 1,1131 1 ► 1� t e 1 I .moi . i 11t1 1 J.I fill 11 1 ���S•+j` �ajs 11 I JI i 1 r1 b mit 7 J 1•s I1 •t• �! rr�A.�.1 *•� 1 1 f r a J Il e i �` -01i 1 sal 1 III .� . .t • 'J 11 1 J �f•j . 1«1�•1� 1 1 r ! •fti•�/•1�J'1 1 • ='a ejl • • g141 rl• I .1 11.3 11 j 1 1�� • . 11 N / 1 l l 11 J 1 1�l1 I f ly f� 1 i l to I J J Ill I r i! 1 IRI 1pl 1 1 a !' •. 1 tix�l 1 to 1 f l 1�l 1 I r 1•J ! • Approx.project t • 1M J 1 J namea area location ' POPULATION DI.STRIBUTiON 11 ,1 Within the Area of Study Q +«•_ 0 about 1825 Iwo OEM 11*11,14611011111:11117411 go 110116PLa Figure 8.1825 Population Distribution in Kona(from Kelly 1983:14). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 16 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 1Report No . 827 - 031821 In the 1840s, political acts of the Hawaiian Kingdom government would change the land tenure system in Hawai'i. All lands were segregated into one of three categories: "Crown Lands" owned by the occupant of the throne, "Government Lands" controlled by the state, and "Konohiki Lands" controlled by the chiefs; and "were all subject to the rights of native tenants"(Chinen 1958:29,Beamer 2014:143). In 1846,King Kamehameha III appointed a Board of Commissioners commonly known as the Land Commissioners, to "confirm or reject all claims to land arising previously to the 10th day of December, AD 1845." Notices were frequently posted in The Polynesian (Moffat and Kirkpatrick 1995); however,the legislature did not acknowledge this act until June 7, 1848 (Chinen 1958:16; Moffat and Kirkpatrick 1995:48-49) and the act is known today as The Great Mahele. In 1850, the Kingdom government passed laws allowing foreigners to purchase fee simple lands(Speakman 2001:91).The Kuleana Act of 1850 allowed for fee simple land ownership by commoners. The Waihona 'Aina (2000) Mahele Database; which is a compilation of data from the Indices of Awards (Indices 1929), Native Register (NR n.d.), Native Testimony (NT n.d.), Foreign Register (FR n.d.) and Foreign Testimony (FT n.d.) provides information on the Land Commission Awards(LCA)during the Mahele. According to the database, 19 claims were made for Ka'awaloa between 1812 and 1848; however, only nine were subsequently awarded (Table 1).The awarded claims consist of LCA 6750 to Awahua,8452 to Ane Keohokalole, LCA 9441 to Maka, LCA 9442 to Palau, LCA 9443 to Apana, LCA 9444 to Makaku, LCA 9446 to Ioba, LCA 9447 to Palahu, and LCA 9449 to Naolu The 18 claims describe 17 ili within Ka'awaloa consisting of Papuaa mentioned five times, Haleapeu(4 mentions), Manuapipi(3), Paohia(3), Kahelao(2), Papa(2), Haleape(1),Haleolono(1),Kaluaolaeloa(1), Kohelao (1), Kukuna (1), Mahuna (1), Maualili (1), Monohihi (10), Niukukahi (1), Pahale (1), and Waipio (1). The entirety of the inland portion of Ka'awaloa (1374.884 acres—see Figure 2), including the present project area, was awarded to the Chiefess of Ka'awaloa,Ane Keohokalole as LCA 8452:10.No other LCAs are located within the project area. Figure 8 is a portion of Emerson's 1891 Register Map 1281 map of the Kealakekua area also obtained from DAGS. This map depicts the inland portion of Ka'awaloa as LCA 8452 to Ane Keohokalole. In addition it shows that the coastal portion of Ka'awaloa was controlled by the government, containing the monument to Captain Cook, the Ka'awaloa Cart Path,and Ka'awaloa Landing located at the southern end of the cart path.The cart path functioned as the primary transportation route connecting Kealakekua Bay to Kailua.The remaining awarded Land Commission Awards are located in coastal Ka'awaloa,also depicted on Dunn's 1924 Register Map 2724(see Figure 7). Figure 8 also shows numerous land grants in the surrounding ahupua'a, however, none are depicted within Ka'awaloa. Two properties purchased by the Reverend John Davis Paris by 1863 are located within or adjacent to the project area.One is located along the inland side of the upper government road (current Mamalahoa Highway) within the project area, and the other is situated to the southwest at the intersection of the upper and middle government roads(Napo'opo'o Road). Reverend Paris was a missionary in the South Kona area from the 1840s until his death in 1892(Figure 10). Born in Virginia on September 22, 1809, young John Paris grew up on a 90 acre farm outside Lexington (Porter 1928:6). A devout Presbyterian, Davis attended the Bangor Theological Seminary in Maine between 1836 and 1839, and upon graduation he applied to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions to become a missionary.The following year he married Mary Grant of New York and together they departed for his new assignment in Hawai'i. "After several days'detention in Boston,we embarked at noon on November 14,1840,on board the ship Gloucester, Capt. Easterbrook, bound to the Sandwich Islands." (ibid: 10) HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 17 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 -0 0 8 : 0 0 4 Report No . 827 -031821 Table 1.Land Commission Claims in Kaawaloa LCA Claimant Awarded Ahupua'a TestimRoyalony fiver Sources Patent 7Kmepahana&E Kaha Sworn:We know his t is Pahale in the Ili of Halapeu,at Mother oa,Haliilua.It is an old lot gotten (Kepaa)and 221C Keaweaheulu No Ka'awaloa Halapeu from his mother,Kepaa and his father, 1812 father NT 8:582 Kamakau,in the year 1812.The (Kamakau) boundaries are surrounded by the land of the Konohiki. I have a pa(house lot)and some kihapai neartheshore at Kaawaloa,underthe names of Maieha and Niukukahi.There is also a lot in the uplands of Kaawaloa,at Waipio,under the name of Keekeue.Also at Keopuka,I have some kihapai.The boundaries of all these properties are known. loba&Manoauwaa Sworn:We know his claim.Parcel 1 is 5 kihapai kalo Ka'awaloa in the Ili of Kukuna at Kealaehu, N R 8:189, and Kukuna, Kaawaloa.Gotten from Naihe in 1819. 6750 Awahua Yes 1819 Naihe - NT 8:612- Keopuka Waipio Parcel 2 is 18 kihapai kalo&uala in the Ili 613 of Haleolono at Keopuka Ahupuaa. Gotten from Naihe in the year 1826. Parcel three is a Pahale in the Ili of Waipio at Kaawaloa.Gotten from Kapiolani in 1834.Parcel 4 is the Pahale of Maieha at Kaawaloa.Gotten from Keohokalole in 1841.Parcel 5isa Pahale at Niukukahi at Kaawaloa.Gotten from Naihe in 1820.The boundaries are surrounded by the land of the Konohiki. A kuleana in the Ili of Paohia,gotten from 7070 Kaalohuli No Kaawaloa Paohia n/a Waianuhea - NR 8:239 Waianuhea. My kuleana is in the Ili of Paohia,there 7072 Kahoowala No Kaawaloa Paohia n/a n/a - NR 8:239 are four mala uala. Awahua,sworn,says he knows the House 8452 Ane Yes Kaawaloa 1848 n/a 7693 lots claimed by Keahokalole at Kaawaloa, NR 567- - Keohokalole Hawaii.The first one is fenced all round 568 with a stone wall. My claim is for 12 kihapai which I have worked with my own hands;1 mala kalo, 3 mala uala,1 mala kope and 1 Pahale. Awahua Sworn:I know his claim.Parcel 1 Paohia, NR 8:551, 9441 Maka Yes Ka'awaloa is 12 kihapai kalo&uala&Cope,in the Ili 1840 Kaulia 5314 Papuaa NT 8:626 of Paohia,at Kaawaloa.Gotten from Kaulia in 1840.Parcel 2 is a Pahale in the Ili of Papuaa,Kaawaloa,from Kaulia in 1840. My claim is in the Ili of Maualili,3 mala uala.I also have a Pahale.Keaweaheulu Maualili, &loba Sworn:We know his claim. Parcel N R 8:551, 9442 Palau Yes Ka'awaloa Manuapipi, 1 isthe Ili of Manuapipi at Kaawaloa. 1840 Kakio 4926 NT 8:613 Papuaa Gotten from Lalona in 1830.Parcel 2 is a Pahale in the Ili of Papuaa at Kaawaloa. Gotten from Kakio in 1844. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 18 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 -0 0 8 : 0 0 4 Report No . 827 -031821 Table 1. Land Commission Claims in Ka'awaloa(cont.) LCA Claimant Awarded Ahupua'a Ili Testimony Date Royal Giver Sources Recd Patent 7Keawe'la�heulu am is 3 mala uala,2 mala kalo,and ae30[fathoms]in circumference. &loba Sworn:We know his claim.Parcel 1 is 3 kihapai kalo&uala in Kohelao, NR 8:551, 9443 Apana Yes Ka'awaloa the Ili of Kohelao at Kaawaloa.Gotten 1844 Kaimiwale Papuaa NT 8:613 from Awahua in 1840.Parcel 2 is a Pa ha le in the Ili of Papuaa at Kaawaloa. Kaimiwale isthe one who gave itto him in 1844. My claim is 2 mala kalo,3 mala uala,and 1 Pahale;it is 41[fathoms]3[feet]in circumference.Awahua Sworn:I know his Kohelao, claim.Parcel 1 is 2 kihapai in the Ili of N R 8:551, 9444 Makaku Yes Ka'awaloa Haleolono, Kohelao at Kaawaloa.Parcel 2 is 2 kihapai 1842 Kalua 4927 NT 8:613 Niukukahi kalo at Haleolono,gotten from me in 1840.Parcel three is a Pahale in the Ili of Niukukahi at Kaawaloa.Gotten from Kalua in 1842. My claim is in the Ili of Papa,there are 2 mala kalo,5 mala uala,and 1 pahale;50 9445 Kul No Kaawaloa Papa 1819 Kepookulou [fathoms]in circumference.Awahua NR 8:551, - Sworn:I know his claim,it is 7 kihapai NT 8:613 kalo&uala in the Ili of Papa at Kaawaloa. Gotten from Kepookulou in 1819. My claim is 2 mala kalo,2 mala uala,and 1 Pahale;50[fathoms]in circumference. Awahua Sworn:I know his lands.Parcel 1 9446 loba Yes Ka'awaloa Haleape is 4 kihapai kalo&uala in the Ili of 1834 Kapiolani 5478 NR 8:551, Haleape at Kaawaloa.Gotten from NT 8:613 Kapiolani in 1839.Parcel 2 is a Pahale in the Ili of Papuaa at Kaawaloa.Gotten from Kapiolani in 1834. My claim is in the Ili of Manohihi 1,there are 4 mala uala,1 mala kope,and 1 Pahale;it is 37[fathoms]in circumference.Keaweaheulu&loba Ka'awaloa Manohihi. NR 8:551, 9447 Palahu Yes Sworn:We know his claim.Parcel 1 is in 1830 Naihe - Maunapipi NT 8:614 the Ili of Maunapipi at Kaawaloa.It was given by Kaahumanu to the parents of his wife in 1819.Parcel 2 is a pahale at Kaawaloa.Gotten from Naihe in 1830. My claim is 4 mala uala and 1 Pahale;41 fathoms in circumference.Keaweaheulu &Apana Sworn:We know his claim.4 Maunapipi, 1819, Awahua and NR 8:552, 9448 Kapua No Ka'awaloa kihapai uala in the Ili of Maunapipi at Pahale 1841 parents NT 8:614 Kaawaloa.Gotten from Awahua in 1841. Parcel 2 is a Pahale in an Ili of Kaawaloa. Gotten from his parents in 1819. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 19 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 -0 0 8 : 0 0 4 Report No . 827 -031821 Table 1. Land Commission Claims in Ka'awaloa(cont.) LCA Claimant Awarded Ahupua'a I L Testimony Date Giver Royal Sources du Recd Patent My claim is in the Ili of Halepeu,there are 3 mala uala,and 1 Pahale.Keaweaheulu Keaweaheul NR 8:552, 9449 Naolu Yes Ka'awaloa Halepeu Sworn:I know his claim,it is in the Ili of 1830 u NT 8:614 Halepeu,at Kaawaloa.I gave it to him in 1830. My claim is 4 mala uwala,5 mala kalo,1 mala kope,and 1 Pahale for the two of us, Nahina and Nanea.Dead,his heir is Nahina and NR 8:552, 9450 No Ka'awaloa Papuaa Awahua.Apana&Palahu Sworn:We 1830 Awahua Nanea NT 8:614 know his claim.Parcel 1 is 3 kihapai uala. Parcel 2 is a Pahale in the Ili of Papuaa at Kaawaloa.Gotten from Awahua in 1830. My claim is 1 ma[la]kalo and 1 Pahale,58 [fathoms]in circumference.Dead,his heir is Kaaikiola.Kaaikiola and M.Opunui Sworn:We know his claim.Parcel 1 is a 9451 Nanea No Kaawaloa Halapeu 1819 kupuna Pahale in the Ili of Halapeu at Kaawaloa. NR 8:552, - Gotten from his kupuna in the time of NT 8:596 Kalaiopuu,to the time of Kamehameha I, in 1819.No one has objected.The boundaries are:upland,Nahina;west, alanui;south,Kaio;shore,the ocean. Onouli Papaula&Kaikuaana,Sworn:we know his 9723 Hoolapa No Kaawaloa Papa 1819 Father claim,a parcel in the Ili of Papa at NR 8:566, - &Mahuna and Kiloanui Kaawaloa.Gotten from his father, NT 8:585 Kapookulou in the year 1819 Here is my claim in the Ili of Mahuna:Ukii is north;Pohakuloa is south;Waiapuka is to the uplands;Keohokalole is the overseer.Here is my claim,Paepaekeo is the ahupuaa:Waimauaua is north; Aloomihi is south;to the uplands are the koa woods;Haalelea is the overseer. Ka'awaloa I make my claim agai n to you...it is a lot at N R 8:572, and Mahuna, Kaawal oa;i t was take n by someo ne 9770 Kaaua No 1843 Mr.Forbes - NR 8:610, Keopuka Kaluaolaeloa else...It is my Pahale,given outright to NT 8:612 me by Mister Forbes. Keaweaheulu&loba Sworn:We know his claim.Parcel 1 is a Pahale in the ili of Kaluaolaeloa at Kaawaloa.This lot was for the Missionaries,it was the place where Mr.Ely,Missionary,first lived in 1824.Mr. Forbes gave it to Kaaua,and it has been in his care since 1843. My claim is the moo aina of Halepeu. Maieha is on the north;Waikoko is on the south;Malaino is to the uplands. Keohokalole is the overseer. NR 8:573. 9772 Nanaihe No Kaawaloa Halepeu 1819 Kamakau - Keaweaheulu and Milia Sworn:We know NT 8:581 his claim,a parcel in the Ili of Halapeu, ahupuaa of Kaawaloa.An inheritance from Kamakau in 1819 HAUN &ASSOCIATES 20 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 14 H a � �• t �1 AZ x �! 101 . -1 ' •; \� 'fid �� � � � SO Rx ±1, " � �� ��Y � dye' fi � \•� � �I�_ � gg. pf 5C la�.d'�• u@,w�,\1; � \t" i p � Y•�S W W �, r• v� Fi1 lam`% \� 00 \ ry 0 N x a HAUN &ASSOCIATES 21 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 1Report No . 827 - 031821 On their arrival in Honolulu,Paris was asked to take a missionary position on Hawai'i Island."After much deliberation and prayer, I accepted the appointment,which was cordially approved by the American Board." (ibid:11). Paris and his bride settled in the Kealakekua area, subsequently raising four children; John Davis Paris Jr. (Figure 11), Ella Hudson Paris(Figure 12), Mary Alleta Paris and Anna Matilda Paris(Figure 13). Reverend Paris constructed numerous churches throughout the island, including Kauaha'ao Church in Wai'ohinu, Hale Halawai o Holualoa(currently the Living Stones Church)along Holualoa Bay,the Hookena Church in South Kona, the Puka'ana Congregational Church in Kealia, and the Kahikolu Congregational Church in Napo'opo'o. Reverend Paris also restored the great stone Meeting House at Kailua originally constructed by the Reverend Asa Thurston in 1836. Paris actively acquired land and by 1863 owned nearly all of Kealakekua and Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a. The Paris family lands were primarily used for cattle and goat ranching. In 1852 Reverend Paris constructed the family's home in a parcel of land seaward of the present project area along Napo'opo'o Road.The property commonly referred to as Mauna 'Alani or Orange Hill has been used by members of the Paris family since it was initially constructed (Clark et al. 2011).The house site is comprised of buildings and rock walls and was designated as Site 50-10-47-7250 in 1973 during the Hawai'i Island portion of the Statewide Inventory of Historic Places survey. In 1880, the Reverend sold the family home to his son John Jr, and he and his wife and daughter Ella moved to Honolulu. Following an accident that left Mrs. Paris injured,Reverend Paris decided to relocate back to Hawai'i Island where he constructed a home in upper Ka'awaloa within the present project area (Figure 14). According to Porter (1926): The last eleven years of his life were therefore spent in the upper Kaawaloa home, to this day his daughter dispenses true Kona hospitality. The house was built on the foundations of Kapiolani's home,an old stone dwelling cracked by hundreds of earthquakes, but commanding a matchless view of the South Kona slope and the broad blue sea fifteen hundred feet below. The old stone house,with several acres of rocky hillside,which had been bought by Mr. Paris The property owned by Paris including the project area (see Figure 8) was the Paris' upper Ka'awaloa house. Following the death of the reverend and his wife, the home was operated as the Paris Hotel by his daughter Ella. Kinney (1913:55), describing amenities in the project area vicinity states the following regarding the hotel. "At Konawaena is also Miss Paris'hotel (Rates: 3$a day)". The Reverend Paris'great-grandson Mr.William Johnson"Billy" Paris Jr.confirmed that the hotel was once operated by his aunt, Ella Hudson Paris. During an interview by La'i Mitchell for the Hawai'i Cattlemen's Association,he stated the following: "Punahou girls used to dress....0000h really nice.These beautiful girls and the English teacher was ah Mary Porter and we called her "Bloody Mary" [chuckles] but ah she was a good friend of my Aunt Ella Hudson Paris....and she used to come up here and spend quite a bit of time in the summer months at ah on Aunt Ella's home above the Napoopoo junction,the old Paris Hotel" (Hawaii Cattlemen's Council 2020). Uncle Billy Paris died in 2015 at the age of 92. The remnants of the Paris Hotel were destroyed in 2008.At that time the building was in extremely poor condition and held upright primarily by the roots of banyan trees. A series of adjacent features were documented during the present project that are potentially associated with the hotel.These features are designated as components of Site 31147 and are discussed in detail in the Findings section of this report. One of the current owners of the project area, Mr. Robert Cowell, is the great, great-grandson of Thomas Hudson Paris,the brother of the Reverend John Davis Paris.According to Burt(2003:1),Thomas Hudson Paris was involved in numerous land deals in the 1850s in the Onouli area.This area was referred to as Hudson Villa or Hudsonville in HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 22 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 M:. L4 Figure 10.Reverend John Davis Paris in 1856(Porter 1926:32). � A r, • 4 Figure 11.John Davis Paris Jr in 1874(Porter 1926:56). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 23 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 i r Al Figure 12.Ella Hudson Paris in 1874(Porter 1926:56). IL F • R1' 1I'i'� � ON Figure 13.Mary Alleta Paris(left)and Anna Matilda Paris(Right)in 1862(Porter 1926:56). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 24 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 a +r 16 y Figure 14.Paris's upper Ka'awaloa Home;subsequently the Paris Hotel(Porter 1926:60). the 1850s and 1860s and Thomas Paris established a general store with a post office to service the community. He was appointed postmaster of the Hudsonville branch in 1857 and he served in that capacity until he sold the land to Circuit Judge Charles F. Hart in 1862.Thomas Paris moved to Maui where he served as postmaster of Waihee from 1872 to 1878. He lived there until his death in 1893. Commercial sugar cane cultivation was attempted in the general project area vicinity in the early 1900s, but was abandoned by the mid-1920s (Kelly 1983). The West Hawaii Railroad tracks extend through the area between the Kailua Sugar Company Mill in Waiaha, and central Onouli 2 to the north of Keopuka. Construction of the railroad began in 1901 by the West Hawai'i Railway Company (Conde and Best 1973). The railroad was constructed to transport sugar cane from the field to the mill,and the success of the operation lead to an expansion of the fields as far south as the northern boundary of Keopuka. It does not appear that sugar cane cultivation was attempted in Ka'awaloa. Maly and Maly (2001) describe the development of cattle ranching in the Kona area (2001:277-279). According to this account,prior to the Mahele the majority of the cattle on the island belonged to either the King,the government or select foreigners. By 1851, there were approximately 20,000 cattle on Hawai'i,with an estimated 12,000 being wild. Following the Mahele and Royal Patent Grant program, the issuing of land ownership made possible the development of large scale ranching.According to Maly and Maly: Every ahupua'a in the area between Keauhou to Kealakekua (as well as on lands to the north and south)was put into ranching...The ranches of this region were generally situated in the uplands— between the 1,500 to 4,500 foot elevation,and above the lands that in the same period were being turned over to the cultivation of coffee and other crops—where cooler weather and rainfall could be relied upon to support the activity.As reported in several of the communications cited earlier, there were also important mauka-makai trails at various locations in the Keauhou-Kealakekua vicinity (such as Honalo, Kawanui, Lehu'ula, Honua'ino, Kalukalu, Onouli, and Ka'awaloa), where ranchers would drive their cattle to the lowlands for grazing and shipping. Mahele records also tell us that the native Hawaiian land owners in the same region, kept pigs and goats (and probably cattle and horses)on their own lands at lower elevations as well. (Maly and Maly 2001:279) According to Kelly free ranging cattle became a problem in the area soon after they were introduced.: HAUN &ASSOCIATES 25 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 Cattle, introduced to Kona by Vancouver in 1794, became a nuisance later, when their numbers increased.They fed on grass of the kula and from time to time on the thatch of Hawaiian homes and on vegetables in their gardens.The open upland fields, bounded only by low earth and stone walls,were in full cultivation in the 1850s. (Kelly 1983:76) Cattle ranching continued during the 20th Century. Oral historical accounts cited by Hammatt et al. (1995:74) describe mid-1900s pasture improvement in the area by chain dragging and bulldozing. By the beginning of the 201h Century, the traditional subsistence and coastal settlement pattern was completely supplanted by the market economy and a concomitant shift to dispersed and clustered settlement and commercial establishments along the mauka Alanui Aupuni, predecessor to the Mamalahoa Highway. By the 1970s, the rapidly developing tourism industry began to transform the region's land use from ranching and commercial agriculture, except coffee production,to subdivisions, resorts,and commercial establishments. Figure 15 is a portion of an aerial view of the project area vicinity taken on October 1, 1954 by the U.S. Geological Survey and obtained from the University of Hawai'i at Manoa online library (http://magis.manoa.hawaii.edu).This map depicts widespread clearing throughout the region. It appears that some development may have occurred in the southwestern corner of the project. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 26 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 1 , s c a1 o4: b m r. f 3 �N. • _ cz E. . c .Y�� •;;.fir°.-.w ,u � o 41 m 41 ru W O L � N LMLM Ol 14 r-I L 0 U O N a-I G1 s. 7 00 LL HAUN &ASSOCIATES 27 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 Report No . 827 - 031821 Previous Archaeological Work A search of the DLNR-SHPD archaeological report database and other sources indicate that portions of Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a have been examined during several archaeological studies (Figure 16). The earliest archaeological examination of the area was conducted in 1906 by John F.G. Stokes (cited in Stokes and Dye 1991), and in 1908 by Thomas Thrum (1908).Two heiau were reportedly located in coastal Ka'awaloa (Hopupalali Heiau and Kauhi'a'ahu Heiau); however these were not located during these early studies. The first formal archaeological investigation in the area was conducted in 1929 and 1930 by John Reinecke during a reconnaissance survey of the coastal portions of West Hawaii (1930). Reinecke partially relied on the work of Thrum (1908)and Stokes(cited in Stokes and Dye 1991) but also consulted local informants with knowledge of the various sites in the area. Reinecke (1930) identified hundreds of sites along the west coast,with more than 250 situated in the Keopuka/Ka'awaloa area. He describes the Ka'awaloa Flats area,where most of the sites were located.According to Reinecke,the area consists of: ...basically pahoehoe with several tongues of a-a extending across it.Most of the remains are found upon the pahoehoe.The cracks and small natural pits in the pahoehoe appear to have been utilized and enlarged by the Hawaiians, and pits sunk among fragments of rock,for use in agriculture... In all there must be over 2000... The dwelling sites and other remains in these two districts may be divided into two groups, that on the Kaawaloa-Keopuka flat,and the small village chiefly on the a-a flowjust south of the Onouli stone wall,with a long uneven connecting chain of ruins across Keawekaheka flat.This flat seems to have been used for agriculture much more than for habitation,The larger group in turn divides into two villages,one fronting Kealakekua Bay,towards which most of the houses faced,the other fronting the shoreline which extends northwestward from the Lighthouse;the heiau on the point (so-called"Cook Point")at the entrance to the bay being the hinge on which the two villages swing. The village facing the Bay was the last to be inhabited,and many of the house sites are thoroughly modern;the sites past the Lighthouse are not likely to have been inhabited within the past fifty or seventy-five years. The location of the village facing the Bay shows clearly the attraction of a fairly good water supply on this barren shore;the pool Haliilua was kapu-ed for chiefly use,but the whole shore at the foot of the Pali oozes brackish water; about Haliilua are two wells, and one spring on land and several at [the] high tide mark... Facing the Bay, it is easy to launch canoes. Along the Kaawaloa-Keopuka stretch the cliff is 15-20' high, and the water rough. The advantages of fishing and the coconut grove which must then have occupied this strip drew a large population; also the chief doubtless occupied the most desirable land fronting the Bay(Reinecke 1930:122). Kumu Pono Associates summarize the results of Reinecke's survey in the Keopuka/Ka'awaloa area (Maly and Maly 2001:296-297). The sites in this coastal area consist of 15 caves, two canoe landings, 87 enclosures, the site of Captain Cook's execution,91 ancient house sites,17 modern house sites,five heiau, 11 ovens or firepits,two burials, a papamu, 86 platforms or mounds, seven salt pans, six trails, 39 walls, eight water sources and 21 sites of undetermined function. The present project area is located just inland of the Kealakekua Bay Historic District(Site 7000; see Figure 16).This site is listed on the and Hawai'i Register of Historic Places(HRHP)and the National Register of Historic Places(NRNP) and Hawai'i.The district is describe by Gotay and Rechtman (2016:31)as follows,"Good preservation of prehistoric HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 28 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 ' Report No . 827 - 031821 \ \ \ \ � x � \ \ � � \ � � \ E �2 i CL i } ! a o34 ;; [ I\ g / - � - ] - � �\ ) :E - � - � � � 2 - � \ 12 \ CL r o � ) / � \ § - \ cD \ 0 ) V � m ! §\ § f «� 00 )$ }\ ) u ° to H&UN &ASSOCITES29 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 1Report No . 827 - 031821 and early historic material remains; extensive documentation of local prehistoric culture by the earliest Western visitors;continuity of cultural tradition through time;and occurrence of significant cultural and historical events.At the time of its NRHP nomination this region not only contained excellent examples of coastal habitation and religious features, it also possessed, in its inland areas,well-preserved portions of the aforementioned Kona Field System. In 1971 the area was examined by the Historic Sites Section of the Department of Parks and Recreation in conjunction with the Statewide Inventory of Historic Places (SIHP) survey. Twenty-four of the Reinecke (1930) sites were relocated in 1971 and collapsed into 12 State site numbers (Sites 1948-1956, 1958, 1960 and 1962). Three newly identified sites were also recorded in 1971(Sites 1957, 1959 and 1961).The sites consist of 12 habitation sites (Sites 1948, 1950-1957, 1959, 1961, and 1962), one ceremonial site (Site 1949), one possible burial (Site 1960), and one possible/habitation complex(Site 1958). According to Clark et al. (2014:29)and Gotay and Rechtman (2016:31)three additional sites were recorded in close proximity to the present project in conjunction with the SIHP survey.The sites are located near the intersection of the Mamalahoa Highway and Napo'po'o Road and include original residence of Reverend John Paris called Mauna 'Alani (Site 7250), an unknown structure north of the Mauna 'Alani residence (Site 7251), and a second home built by Paris built on the foundation of the Kapi'olani's stone house discussed in the Historic Documentary Research section of this report.This second home(Site 7253)was inland side of the highway within the present project area and eventually became the Paris Hotel; however it was destroyed prior to the current study. Site 7250 was subsequently documented by Clark et al. (2011) with a preservation plan prepared by Rechtman (2012; discussed below). Efforts were made during the present project to obtain the records for Site 7253; however they could not be located in the SHPD Kapolei or Hilo offices. According to SHPD GIS Specialist Mike Wahl and Librarian and Archivist Stacy Naipo, Site 7253 has been removed from the SIHP registry. At least 18 modern archaeological survey, monitoring, and data recovery projects have been conducted within Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a.These projects are summarized in Table 2 and their locations are depicted on Figure 16, and there are briefly discussed below. In 1990, CHINAGO, Inc. conducted an AIS of a 40-acre parcel in Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a at elevations ranging from approximately 850 to 1,100 feet(Barrera 1990).The survey identified five sites consisting of agricultural features of a portion of the field system noted by Soehren and Newman (1968; Site 13662), three habitation terraces (Sites 14264, 14265, and 14267), and a possible habitation enclosure (Site 14266). In 1994, archaeological consultant James Head produced an addendum to the Barrera (1990) reconnaissance survey, in order to correct discrepancies in the previous report(Head 1994). No field work was conducted during the addendum,which consisted of providing tables and profile maps. In 1990, Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. (PHRI) conducted an AIS of a 70-acre parcel in Ka'awaloa between approximately 580 and 720 feet(Walker et al. 1991).The survey identified 44 sites and 85 features were recorded. The sites include a complex of 19 agricultural features(Site 13658),along with 66 permanent habitation,temporary habitation, boundary,transportation,quarry and burial features. From 1997 through 1999, Cultural Surveys Hawaii conducted an inventory survey of the proposed Mamalahoa Bypass Road corridor that extended through 17 ahupua'a, including Ka'awaloa (Robins et al. 1999).The portion for the project within Ka'awaloa measures an estimated 4.8 acres between approximately 1,120 and 1,300 ft elevation. This project identified numerous sites; however, only one was identified in Ka'awaloa; a stone agricultural mound that was not assigned an SIHP site number. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 30 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0r' ' - ^ ^ ^ ( Report No . 827 - 031821 Table 2.Previous archaeological work in Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a Study Elevation Area Total Sites/ Total Feas/ Hab Hab Perm Temp Ag Feas/ Burial Historic Misc. Author Land Type* (ft AMSL) (ac) sites acre Peas acre Feas Feas/ Hab Hab Feas Ag Feas acre Feas Feas Feas acre Feas Walker and Rosendahl (1991),Rechtman (1999),Rechtman (2001b)Cl ark and Ka'awa loa AI/DR 570-840 70 51 0.73 130 1.86 24 0.34 11 13 81 1.16 4 15 6 Rechtman(2002),Clark et a 1.(2003),Cla rk and Rechtman(2003) Barrera(1990),Head Ka'awaloa AIS 850-1100 40 5 0.13 143 3.58 4 0.10 139 3.48 (1994) Rechtman and Dougherty Ka'awaloa AIS 870-920 5 2 0.40 18 3.60 14 2.80 4 (2000) Robins eta 1.(1999)** Ka'awaloa AIS 1120-1300 4.8 1 0.21 1 0.21 1 0.21 Clarkand Gasser(2006) Ka'awaloa AIS 1260-1320 3 2 0.67 1 38 12.67 38 Rechtman(2001a) Ka'awaloa AIS 1275-1435 10 6 0.60 8 0.80 8 Clarketal.(2014) Ka'awaloa AIS 1310-1420 3 9 3.00 9 3.00 9 Miner etal.(2010) Ka'awaloa Mon 1310 0.2 0 0 0 Clarketal.(2011), Ka'awaloa AIS/PR 1320-1360 4.9 4 0.82 45 9.18 3 0.61 42 Rechtman(2012) Gotayand Rechtman (2016) Ka'awaloa AIS 1390-1440 2.7 1 0.37 6 2.22 6 Haun and Henry(2019) Keopuka AIS 1460-1630 3 2 0.67 14 4.67 14 Total/Average 146.6 83 0.97 412 3.81 28 0.11 11 13 238 0.61 4 136 6 *-AIS=Inventory Survey,DR=Data Recovery,MON=Archaeological Monitoring,PR=Preservation Plan **-Portion within Ka'awaloa In 1999, PHRI conducted an AIS of a seven acre parcel within the Walker et al. (1991) survey area at elevations ranging from approximately 740-870 feet (Rechtman 1999). The survey relocated three sites noted during the previous survey consisting of a ranch wall (Site 13657), six agricultural features of Site 13658, and a temporary habitation platform(Site 16359). In 2000, Rechtman Consulting LLC(RC)conducted an AIS of a five acre parcel located adjacent to the Barrera (1990) survey area to the northwest (Rechtman and Dougherty 2000). The survey identified two sites comprised of an agricultural complex with 14 features (Site 22384) and an early 20th Century Historic ranch complex comprised of three walls and an enclosure(Site 22385). In 2001 and 2002,RC(Clark and Rosendahl 2002)conducted archaeological data recovery at two sites previous noted by Walker et al. (1991) and by Rechtman (1999). These consist of the Site 13658 agricultural complex and the Site 16359 temporary habitation platform. Based on the results of the data recovery,Site 16358 was determined to have been established after A.D. 1670,and that Site 16359 was used in association with the agricultural fields in the area, potentially not prior to the 17th Century. In 2001, RC conducted an AIS of a ten acre parcel located between the Mamalahoa Highway and Napo'opo'o Road at approximately 1,275 to 1,435 feet elevation (Rechtman et al.2001a).The project resulted in the identification of six sites consisting of two historic ranch wall complexes (Sites 23214 and 23215) and four boundary walls (Sites 23216 through 23219). Rechtman (2001a)also noted hundreds of terraces and planting depressions associated with historic coffee cultivation; however these were not recorded. In 2001 and 2002 RC(Clark and Rechtman 2003)conducted an AIS within a 7.0 acre portion of the area examined by Walker et al. (1991). This survey expanded the Site 13658 to include an additional 62 agricultural features. Three additional sites noted by Walker et al. (1991) were relocated consisting of a temporary habitation enclosure (Site HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 31 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 1Report No . 827 - 031821 14170), permanent habitation enclosure (Site 14168), and a wall (Site 14175). A previously unrecorded enclosure (Site 23810)was also noted. In 2001, RC (Rechtman 2001b) conducted additional archaeological work within a 38.5 acre portion of the area previously surveyed by Walker et al. (1991). This parcel is situated at approximately 720 to 890 ft elevation and contains ten sites,three of which were previously identified by Walker et al. (1991).The sites consist of three walls (Sites 13657, 14175, and 23206), a ranch complex with four walls (Site 23205), an historic road (Site 23204), four temporary habitation sites containing a total of eight features (Sites 23207, 23365, 23366, and 23367), and an agricultural complex with 132 features(Site 13658). In 2002 and 2003, RC (Clark et al. (2003) conducted data recovery at three sites located within the area previously surveyed by Walker et al. (1991), Rechtman (2001b)and Clark and Rechtman (2003).The data recovery sites consist of features of the Walker et al. (1991) agricultural complex (Site 13658),two temporary habitation features of Site 23265),and a habitation enclosure(Site 23267).The results of the data recovery suggest that Sites 23265 and 23267 were pre-contact temporary habitations,with Site 23265 used for a shorter period of time than Site 23267. In 2006, Pacific Consulting Services, Inc. (PCSI) conducted an addendum to the Robins et al. (1999) AIS of the proposed Mamalahoa Bypass Road (Clark and Gosser 2006).An approximately 3.0 acre area was examined on both sides of Napo'opo'o Road at elevations ranging from 1,260 to 1,320 feet.The project identified two sites consisting of walls and retaining walls associated with the adjacent Napo'opo'o Road(Site 25522)and a complex of 33 features associated with a 20th Century coffee farm (Site 25523). In 2010, Haun & Associates conducted archaeological monitoring of road repairs along Mamalahoa Highway and Napo'opo'o Road at approximately 1,310 feet elevation (Miner et al. 2010). The project included the excavation of a 230 foot long by five foot wide trench in which materials dating to the mid-twentieth century and later were found. No historic or pre-contact sites were present. In 2010, RC (Clark et al. 2011) conducted an AIS and architectural survey of a 4.9 acre parcel in Ka'awaloa located along the inland side of Napo'opo'o Road,adjacent to the Rechtman (2001a)survey area.This project relocated two of the Rechtman(2001a)cattle walls(Sites 23216 and 23219)and identified two additional sites.The newly identified sites consist of the original historic residence of Dr. John Paris (Site 7250) that is commonly referred to as Mauna 'Alani or Orange Hill,and a complex of three kua'iwi(Site 28824).A preservation plan for Site 7250 was subsequently prepared by Rechtman (2012). In 2014, ASM Affiliates conducted an AIS of Mamalahoa Highway and Napo'opo'o Road right-of-way for the construction of the proposed Mamalahoa Bypass Interchange (Clark et al. 2014). This project was conducted to correct discrepancies in the previously discussed Clark and Gosser (2006) addendum to the Robins et al. (1999) project.The Clark et al. (2014) survey encompasses an approximately 3.0 acre area along the road right-of-ways at elevations ranging from 1,310 to 1,420 feet,and is located seaward of the present project area.The survey identified nine single feature sites, all of which are historic in origin.These consist of three historic cattle walls (Sites 23218, 23219,and 30188),three historic driveways(Sites 30189,30190, and 30191),a concrete walkway(Site 30192),the historic Napo'opo'o Road features(Site 25522)and the Mamalahoa Highway(Site 30187). Of these sites,two(Sites 23218 and 23219) were noted by Rechtman (2001a) and one (Site 25522) was previously recorded by Clark and Gosser(2006) In 2016,ASM Affiliates conducted an AIS of the proposed Kona Faith Center in upper Ka'awaloa along the inland side of the Mamalahoa Highway at approximately 1,390 to 1,440 feet elevation. The majority of the parcel had been disturbed prior to the project and only one site remained; an historic cattle wall previously noted by Clark et al. (2014)during the Mamalahoa Bypass Interchange project(Site 30188). Five additional features consisting of a set of concrete stair5s,a slab,eight coffee terraces and two walls. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 32 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 1Report No . 827 - 031821 In 2019, Haun &Associates conducted an AIS of an approximately 3.0 acre parcel located in the adjacent Ke6puka Ahupua'a, 130 meters northeast of the present project(Haun and Henry 2019).This parcel ranges in elevation from approximately 1,460 to 1,630 ft elevation.Two sites were identified,consisting of a stone wall(31079)and a complex of 13 historic agricultural clearing features(Site 31080). The projects in Table 2 cover nearly 150 acres in Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a, identifying 83 sites and more than 400 features. Sites and features identified in other ahupua'a by the studies are not included in the table. To aid in reconstructing settlement patterns, features were quantified by probable age and function, and the studies are ordered by elevation. Traditional Hawaiian features were categorized as habitation, agricultural, and burial and features not assignable to these categories were categorized as miscellaneous. Habitation sites are further subdivided into temporary and permanent for studies making this distinction. Density values are given for sites,features,and habitation and agricultural features.The studies have identified 28 habitation features, 238 agricultural features, and four burials Historic features were not segregated by function. The majority of the historic features are ranch walls and features associated with historic habitation.Overall feature density values range from 0 to 12.67 features per acre with an average of 8.17. Habitation feature density ranges from 0.1 to 0.34 features per acre with an average of 0.11. Agricultural feature density ranges from 0.21 to 3.48 features per acre with an average of 0.61. The project area is located in the 'apa'a zone of the KFS, SIHP Site 6601 (Newman 1970, Kelly 1983, Schilt 1984, Cordy 1995).This site extends north to Ka'u Ahupua'a, south to H6naunau, and from the coastline to the forested slopes of Hualalai. The area was intensively cultivated and served as the resource base for the large number of chiefs and retainers that occupied the Kailua-Honuanua coast. The characteristics and general locations of the elevation zones of the system described by Newman (1970) have been confirmed and elaborated on by subsequent ethnohistorical investigations(Kelly 1983).The system is subdivided into four elevation zones. The kula zone extends from sea level to 500 ft elevation.Cordy(1995)has suggested that the upper limit of this zone may be higher between 600-700 ft elevation.This lower elevation zone traditionally was used for habitation and cultivation of sweet potatoes, paper mulberry (wauke), and gourds. Agricultural features, including clearing mounds, planting mounds, planting depressions,modified outcrops,and planting terraces,are common in this zone (Hammatt and Clark 1980; Hammatt and Folk 1980;Schilt 1984). Habitations are scattered throughout the kula,but they are concentrated along the shoreline portion of the zone (Cordy 1995). The shoreline portion, extending approximately 200 m inland, was the focus of permanent habitation and activities such as burial, canoe storage, ritual, and marine exploitation. Royal centers and chiefly residences were also situated near the shoreline. These complexes included residences for high status individuals and their supporters and attendants, heiau, places of refuge,holua slides,and other structures. The kalu'ulu zone extends from 500 to 1000 ft elevation.The zone was used for cultivating sweet potatoes, paper mulberry,and especially breadfruit.Archaeologically,this zone is not distinguishable from the adjacent 'apa'a zone (Cordy 1995).The 'apa'a zone is situated between 1000 and 2500 ft elevation.This zone traditionally was used for dryland cultivation of taro,sugar cane,sweet potato,and ti.Permanent habitations were present in the 'apa'a zone, but were infrequent(Cordy 1995, Burtchard 1995). Dwellings were observed by early historic chroniclers, but most were probably for temporary use in conjunction with agriculture, bird hunting, and collecting of plant resources. Burials and ritual sites are rare in the upper elevation zones(Kawachi 1989). Kua'iwi are prominent agricultural features of the kalu'ulu and 'apa'a, zones (Cordy 1995; Newman 1970). These are broad,linear piles of rocks built from stones cleared from the adjacent slopes that also served as field boundaries. Kua'iwi are oriented inland-seaward often interconnected with perpendicular, soil-retaining walls and terraces forming rectangular grid pattern of fields. Kua'iwi also served to control rainfall runoff(Kirch 1985). These formal HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 33 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 1Report No . 827 - 031821 fields contrast with more informal garden areas characterized by scattered agricultural features in very rocky areas, such as young lava flows,and much of the kula zone. The 'ama'u zone extends from 2500 ft to 4000 ft elevation. The zone was associated with banana and plantain cultivation. The archaeological traits of the zone have not been well defined, but temporary habitations and trails were probably present associated with agriculture and exploitation of forest resources(Allen 1984). Schilt(1984)used information gathered from the Kuakini Highway Realignment Corridor survey research to propose a five-phase chronology of settlement and field system development emphasizing the kula zone, but including the other zones,as follows: Phase I-Pioneer Settlement c.A.D. 1050-1400 Very limited, sporadic use of lowland slopes and cave shelters just above the Kailua Bay area. Probably contemporaneous with pioneer settlements along the coast. Development of one or more of the mauka sub-zones of the KFS may have commenced in the later portion of this phase. Phase II-Garden Development c.A.D. 1400-1600/1650 Initial use of the kula sub-zone for small gardens and of the caves for temporary shelter. Erosional deposition, resulting from development of the upland sub-zones, began to bury an old ground surface and gradually created deepening soil deposits on kula land. Phase III-Refuge,Habitation,and Intensive/Extensive Gardening c.AD1600/1650-1779 Extensive development of at least the mauka portion of the kula subzone, for sweet potatoes, wauke, and probably also gourds. This development was accompanied rarely by permanent habitation and more often by temporary and seasonal habitations among the kula gardens.Animal enclosures, probably for pigs, may date to this phase. The upland zones were under complete development by this time. Suitable caves were modified for refuge during times of warfare or social conflict. Caves located in the midst of garden features were intensively used for temporary shelter and work spaces. Phase IV-Historic Habitation and Gardening c.A.D. 1779-1850 The cultivation of kula lands gradually decreased in extent and intensity, nevertheless remaining important to a decreasing population. Permanent habitations on the kula during this phase occurred primarily on the makai side of the Great Wall of Kuakini. In 1848,Hawaiians were claiming an undetermined portion of kula lands, but none of these kula claims were honored by the Board of Land Commissioners (Kelly 1983). Some kula lands were being converted to grazing beginning in the 1840s. Phase V-Historic Ranching c.A.D. 1850-Modern Times Land-use shifted completely to grazing,following the awards of kula lands to chiefs, missionaries, and others(Kelly 1983).Isolated permanent habitations on upland slopes of the kula were oriented to ranching. Today ranching is not as extensive as it once was. Kailua in recent years has been rapidly developing as a tourist and urban hub for leeward Hawaii Island (Schilt 1984:284). While subsequent work has generally confirmed Schilt's chronology,the data from Haun et al. (1998) and Dye and Komori(1992)indicate a peak in dating results in the 1400-1500s and a decline afterthe mid-1600s.This may indicate that the increase in habitation and agricultural activity in Schilt's Phase III may have begun as much as 150 years earlier. The Phase II Garden Development may also have begun a century and a half earlier based on Haun and Henry's(2000)analysis of radiocarbon dates from KFS agricultural features. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 34 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 -0 0 8 : 0 0 4 Report No . 827 -031821 PROJECT EXPECTATIONS The project area is located in the 'apa'a zone of the KFS. Based on previous archaeological research, chronological models(Schilt 1984,Cordy 1995),and historical documentary evidence, pre-contact sites expected within this area would potentially consist of habitation sites, primarily temporary habitations used in conjunction with agriculture, bird hunting,and collecting of plant resources.The remnants of formal fields,delineated by inland-seaward kua'iwi and cross-slope walls may be present. Sites dating to the mid- to late 1800s would include the agricultural and habitation sites mentioned above. Differences in agricultural sites from the previous periods may be evident as a result of a shift to a market-based economy, which presumably would favor cultivated fields as opposed to small garden plots.Walls designed to control cattle and trails or roads for horse and wagon traffic also may be present. As stated,the home of Reverend John Davis Paris was situated in the project area. It subsequently became the Paris Hotel;an historic inn that provided accommodations to Hawai'i Island visitors since the late 191h Century.This hotel was demolished in 2008; however it is possible that remnants of this site might be present. Potential sites could include residences and transportation infrastructure such as roads. Ranching activity and coffee cultivation, which continues in the general area today,would be evidenced by walls,corrals,fences,clearing piles of stone associated with pasture improvement and terraces built to retain soil for the coffee fields. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 35 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - onR • nna Report No . 827 - 031821 CONSULTATION Oral historical interviews were conducted by McGerty and Spear (2000) in an assessment of cultural impacts associated with proposed development in the adjacent ahupua'a of Ke6puka. Six long-term residents of the South Kona area were interviewed.All had visited the area,but only one had lived in the area on an inland parcel that was farmed. None recalled anyone living at the coast except for short stays of a few days by fishermen. Members of three families, who lived at the coast in Ka'awaloa in the 1920s remembered people fishing along the shore and selling surplus fish to upland residents. The cart road (Alaloa) was used into the 1950s by people traveling from Ka'awaloa to the north.The road was also used to drive cattle from Onouli to Ka'awaloa for shipment.The uplands along the Mamalahoa Highway, in the project area vicinity, were used for pasture, and for cultivating coffee, vegetables,and other crops. Specific informant recollections about Ka'awaloa are contained in interview transcripts presented by McGerty and Spear(2000). Mr.William"Billy" Paris recalled two families, Noheau and Kaneao,who used to fish at Ka'awaloa,but had upland homesteads in Ke6puka (2000:A-4).The King's Trail (Ka'awaloa Cart Path) was used to haul coffee and wool to ship from Ka'awaloa,which was the preferred port for people in South Kona. As previously discussed, Billy Paris also noted that the Paris Hotel was once operated by his aunt, Ella Hudson Paris (Hawaii Cattlemen's Council 2020). Historical interviews were also conducted by Maly and Maly (2001) in conjunction with a study of lands and trails between Keauhou and Kealakekua.The study included interviews with 15 individuals, most of whom were born in the area prior to 1930. According to the informants whose recollections date back as early as approximately 1910, mauka-makai access was limited and a konohiki type of land management,or stewardship,persisted up until at least the 1960s.Access was generally limited to people with ties to a particular area including native tenants,small land owners and lessees,and the families with large land holdings in the area.A few elder descendants of Native Hawaiian families closely monitored the shoreline fishery until the 1950s. People usually requested permission from the large land owners, "Konohiki",to fish or travel across the land, and often gave them some of their catch.The Ka'awaloa Cart Road (Alaloa) and the Alanui Aupuni (Old Government Road)were used by fishermen accessing and traversing the area. This activity continues today. One informant reported continuing use of the former cart road by family members on visits to take care of family sites. A recent interview was conducted by Dr. Alan Haun with Mr. Bob Cowell, the great, great-grandson of Reverend John Davis Paris' brother, Thomas Hudson Paris. According to Mr. Cowell, the Paris Hotel was constructed by the reverend and was initially used as a home for the family.The enclosures that still remain on the property(Site 31147, Feature K through Feature S in Findings section)were used as cattle corrals and pig pens. Mr.Cowell also stated that his Uncle William "Billy" Paris had frequented the Paris Hotel when he was a child. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 36 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 Report No . 827 - 031821 FINDINGS The archaeological inventory survey identified four sites with a total of 26 features. These consist of three single feature sites (Site 31144, Site 31145, and Site 31146) and one complex comprised of 23 features (Site 31147).The identified features consists of nine enclosures,four walls,three stone-lined pits,two concrete pads,two platforms, two retaining walls, one lava blister, one trail, one walled terrace, and one wooden structure). Feature function consists of livestock control (12),activity area (6),storage(5), bathroom(2),and transportation (1). Table 3.Summary of sites Feature type Function GPS Coordinates o c Haun& No.of v -o a E 3 E Associates Site No. Site type Function — v v m = $ m mo features c 3 - v ° c a s v. temporary site Easting Northing c c a number 3 31144 Wall Livestock control 1 1 1 827.2 193708 2158175 31145 Wall Livestock control 1 1 1 827.3 193906 2158137 31146 Wall Livestock control 1 1 1 827.4,.9,.10 193851 2158212 Livestock control, 31147 Complex activity a rea,storage, 23 9 1 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 9 6 5 2 1 827.1'.827.6' 193751 2158080 bathroom, 827.7,.827.8 tra nsportati on Total 26 9 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 112 1 6 1 5 2 1 1 A detailed topographic map of the project area was prepared by Wes Thomas Associates land surveyors in 2008 to assist the landowners within the development of the property (Figure 17).This map depicts the extents of the sites that were present at this time. The archaeological survey during the present project indicates that the parcel has been disturbed since the 2008 topographic survey,with portions of the Site 31145 wall and the Site 31147 complex having been impacted (Figure 17). This disturbance was determined by comparing the former extent of the site shown in Figure 16, with their current condition, depicted in Figure 17.The sites in the project area are discussed below. Site 31144 Site 31144 is a stone wall that originally formed the northern boundary of the project area.The former and current extent of the wall is shown on Figure 18.The examination of this wall during the present project indicates that the seaward portion has been destroyed since the 2008 topographic survey. Currently the wall originates approximately 57 meters inland of the Mamalahoa Highway at 1,342 ft. The wall extends upslope to the east-northeast for 205 meters where it terminates against the seaward side of the Site 31145 wall (discussed below).The majority of the wall is intact; however portions have collapsed and several gaps are present. The intact portions of the wall are constructed of stacked boulders and cobbles with faced sides and a core-filled cobble interior.The wall ranges in width from 0.8 to 1.3 meters (3-7 courses; Figure 19).The intact sections are 0.7 to 1.0 meters high (3-8 courses high)with the collapsed portions ranging from 0.35 to 0.4 meters(1-4 courses high). No cultural material was found in association with the wall. Site 31144 is interpreted as a livestock control feature likely used to restrict the movement of cattle.This is based on its height and method of construction.The wall is altered and in fair condition.The site is assessed as significant per HAR§13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 37 T M K 3 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 0 0 4 ' Report N o . 827 - 03182 1 i ea tn tllh iO (Ui.sn on I jill iY Ifoin I it, 11 i gm . jin f tii T VIin ol w TI is Li q, $ PH if ifau ell, 0 PH 4i rif F n Z' _ rn Jill Ln T CL A ! ll Il' F Al 1W Ito r"T % r, f CL jol --- 4 0 co 0 —cu3 ii 13 -- ----- ------------ 'L—J, A I A-------- Ij I Ell bs HAUN &ASSOCIATES 38 TM K : ( 3 ) 8 1 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 R e p o r t N o . 8 2 7 0 3 1 8 2 1 a, in o 'c a Q o v � o m ri m u o r v c Ln r \ a co `^ o a 3 m v, Lo N v E a 0 0 � u c o 46 y LL 'C C E O v d m �o c E a _ a m p O `~ n d N m S a 3 L oro U 1 lD a m v m o � # E d o E , i u o rl m rn o u o Y a c u m '� E 11, O x E a ® N LL 4 o a tmxo 3 iz M o m O 01 CL- V9 _ mal J O ro- m O 0 O�p rmirl M +-+ l7 N a LO a p N a rl LL � 0 n'1 a"I G N V a a O Vl � N V m - 0 V O � C + 7 / a ° / 4A di E o_ fff 9 0 LL ff E f = m 0 f f Ef N � t9 vv i N i 3 00 LL HAUN &ASSOCIATES 39 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 R e p or t No . 8 2 7 - 0 3 18 2 1 h +F i~YY 2. r,3u�lf�yI��-' `�F - ��A,i,J(- r. Figure 19.Site 31144 wall(view to north-northeast). Site 31145 Site 31145 is a stone wall that forms the inland project area boundary. The condition of this wall is similar to that observed in 2008.The portion of the wall within the project area extends between the Site 31144 wall and the 31146 wall (discussed below);however it also extends outside the parcel to the northwest and southeast for undetermined distances. The wall in the project area is 45.0 meters long (northwest by southeast), ranging in elevation from approximately 1,402 to 1,412 ft. The wall is mostly intact, with minor areas of collapse present. It is 0.75 to 1.25 meters wide (4-6 course wide) and 0.5 to 1.1 meters high (3-7 courses high). It is built of stacked boulders and cobbles with faced sides and a core-filled cobble interior(Figure 20). No cultural material is present. Site 31145 is interpreted as a livestock control feature likely used to restrict the movement of cattle. This is based on its height and method of construction.The wall is unaltered and in fair condition.The site is assessed as significant per HAR§13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. Site 31146 Site 31146 is a stone wall that originally formed the southern boundary of the project area. Although the majority of the wall is intact, the recent examination indicates that the seaward extent was destroyed since the 2008 topographic survey. Currently the wall originates against the western side of the Site 31145 wall at approximately 1,412 ft. It extends to the southwest for 225 meters to approximately 1,355 ft elevation, following the parcel boundary.This portion of the wall contains intact and collapsed sections that range in width from 0.7 to 1.5 meters (4-8 courses wide). The intact sections are 0.6 to 1.1 meters high (4-6 courses high), with the collapsed portions averaging 0.4 meters high (1-3 courses high).Views of the Site 31146 wall are presented in Figure 21-Figure 23. There is a 2.0 meter wide gap at the south end of this first section.The wall continues on the south side of the gap for 8.0 meters(north-northwest by south-southeast),where another gap(8.4 meters wide)is present.The northern HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 40 1 1 1 1 � • • • 1 AMC K .. `�%�\r -as,, " ✓ 1..t -.�� , .�k � r '�a 7 e ,/ +hti=P-p+'�'�="i..�. ,► ice' # s � i TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 :a ,,.. O u •: I Figure 22.Site 31146 wall(view to southeast). LI 40 i YY Figure 23.Site 31146 wall(view to northeast). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 42 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 ' Report N o . 8 2 7 - 0 3 1 8 2 1 portion of this section is a rough terrace,with the southern portion comprised of a free-standing wall.The terraced portion is 1.2 meters wide and 1.0 meters high on the western, downslope side(Figure 24).The upslope side is level with adjacent ground surface.The free-standing wall is 0.75 meters wide and 1.1 meters high. r Figure 24.Retaining wall portion of Site 31146(view to east-northeast). The wall continues on the south side of the second gap for an additional 7.6 meters where it terminates at approximately 1,339 ft. This section is 0.7 to 0.8 meters wide and 0.7 meters in height. No cultural remains were found in association with the Site 31146 wall. The 2008 topographic map (see Figure 17) indicates that the wall originally continued 13.7 meters to the south- southwest to approximately 1,328 ft elevation. Perpendicular segments extended to the northeast and southwest from the seaward end. No remnants of this portion of the wall were noted. Site 31146 is interpreted as a livestock control feature likely used to restrict the movement of cattle. This is based on its height and method of construction.The wall is unaltered and in fair condition.The site is assessed as significant per HAR§13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. Site 31147 Site 31147 is a complex of 23 features located in the seaward portion of the project area, including the former location of the Paris Hotel (see Figure 18).The features consists of two platforms(Features A and T),a steppingstone trail (Feature B), a walled terrace (Feature C), three stone-lined pits (Features D, F and W), a wooden structure (Feature E), two retaining walls (Features G and H), a wall (Feature 1), a lava blister (Feature J), nine enclosures (Feature K through Feature S),and two concrete pads(Feature U and Feature V).The site encompasses an area 125 meters long(north-south)and 14 to 106 meters wide,between 1,330 and 1,373 ft elevation (Figure 25).The site has been disturbed by heavy equipment activity and portions of several features HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 43 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 � tree -edge of autcrep -desuayed portion VI site - site 31144 11.0)-height in meters [1.11 N Y 5 (0.8) (0.61 0 60 feet - _ 10.61 10.7 Feawre N (1.4 0 20 meters L-I sal with scattered stories Feature 0 Level soil with scatreredst-s 11.6 0.5) (0-9) Feawre Y 10.81 10.5). 10.651 f 11.11 FeatureP -(0.6) Feaw,aU (1.0) Slapirg sal wieh scattered stones 1115 - (0.71 Feawre M (0.3) (0.45) r Lerelsalmthscattered stmres _ Feature CI (0.9)) IPFA 51aprtgsalwithscatteredstoms (0.6519 Bulldaxer swath - (0.45 Feawre5 - Sulldozerswath- Fedwre R LeM soil with scatter stones 1 (\ evel al th swiscattered stones 0.9 meters,d�epe�p L 1 ;eawre K 10.51, TU 827.6 {0.) p.5 �' 1 S1.o1 (0.1 Feawre W 1 Gravel road FeawreL Graded/lerxled area .-�r� Former location of the Paris Hotel Feawre T '` TV827.1a , TU 8274 y C.1 .5 meters deep ' /FeawreB 19.31 Feawre0 -21 - (0.3) 4 / 10.4 (0.9 0.85) \ Level sa3 _ \\\ \ Zeawre E 10.81- ;0.651 cobbles andpehwithbles 10.91 \ TU-827.1 ._ \\ \ I Aumgraphtree 10.9 107 Fea.,A Failed(aawe 0.8) Q-U-8275 \ Seaward ho undary oiprojectarea Feaw,aC Site 31146 wall \\ TU 827.2..,FeawreH Leselsoil (0.8 a t \ ep) F-tutl.la -TU-827.3 ' 1369 Fe w-G Highway a \\ AS) (0 31 FeatureJ 0.45) High \\ 15metersdeep Feat-F 0.4 d 11.0) Figure 25.Site 31147 plan map. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 44 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 1Report No . 827 - 031821 noted on the 2008 topographic survey have been destroyed (see Figure 17).A graded gravel road extends through the southern portion of the site in an inland-seaward direction. Feature A is a large platform situated in the southern portion of the site, adjacent to the Site 31146 wall. The structure is roughly rectangular in shape and is 20.7 meters long (northwest by southeast) and 5.9 to 11.0 meters wide. The feature has been impacted by heavy equipment activity and the east and west sides are generally collapsed. The sides currently consist of piled boulders and cobbles, ranging in height from 0.8 to 0.9 meters (2-5 courses high).The surface is level soil with scattered numerous cobbles and pebbles(Figure 26,Figure 27 and Figure 28).The abundance of small stones suggests that portions of the surface may have once been paved. Fragments of bottle glass and rusted metal are present. A 0.5 by 0.5 meter test unit (TU-827.1) was excavated in the central portion of the Feature A platform (see Figure 25).This excavation revealed two layers over bedrock(Figure 29).Layer I is 0.1 to 0.27 meters of subangular vesicular cobbles and pebbles with no soil or cultural material present.The base of Layer I extends into the underlying Layer 11 soil. Layer 11 consists of 0.37 to 0.49 meters of black (10YR 2/1) moderately compact silt with 15% subangular vesicular cobble and pebble inclusions. Cultural material from this deposit consists of nine fragments of thin aqua- colored glass potentially from a hurricane lamp, one fragment of colorless bottle glass,two pig bones and one pig tooth, 11 macadamia nutshells, a 4-hole bone button fragment, a fragment of a metal can, and nine fragments of charred wood.These materials are summarized in Table 4.The button fragment several of the hurricane lamp glass fragments are depicted in Figure 30. Feature B is a steppingstone trail located at the northern end of the Feature A platform. It is comprised of an alignment of 19 basalt boulders set into the ground surface, measuring 6.3 meters long (northwest by southeast) and 0.4 to 0.7 meters wide (see Figure 26 and Figure 31).The trail originates in a break in the Feature C enclosure wall and extends onto the surface of Feature A. No cultural material is present. Feature C is a large walled terrace located adjacent to Feature A to the south and southwest. It is roughly rectangular in shape and is 26.9 meters long(northwest by southeast)and 9.3 to 13.6 meters wide.It is formed by the Site 31146 wall to the southwest, by the Feature A platform to the northeast, by a freestanding wall to the northwest, and by a retaining wall and an area of sloping soil to the southwest. The freestanding wall is curvilinear and is 16.3 meters long (north-northeast by south-southwest), 1.0 meter wide (4-6 courses wide)and 0.4 to 1.2 meters high (2-6 courses high).The wall is built of stacked and faced boulders and cobbles. The seaward end of the wall is buried beneath a large, fallen kiawe tree. The retaining wall along the southwest side of the feature is linear in shape and is 10.8 meters long(northwest by southeast), 0.3 to 0.5 meters wide and 0.8 meters high on the exterior side (Figure 32).The upslope side of the wall is level with the soil surface of the walled terrace. No cultural material is present. A 1.0 by 1.0 meter test unit (TU-827.5) was excavated into the soil surface of the Feature C walled terrace at the request of SHPD (see Figure 25). This excavation was located in an of level soil in the east-central portion of the feature revealed two soil layers(Figure 33).Layer I is a deposit of black(10YR 2/1)moderately compact silt with 66% subangular vesicular boulder,cobble and pebble inclusions. It is 0.59 to 0.6 meters thick(0-60 cmbd). Midden from TU-827.5 consists of 162 fragments of charred wood, eight pieces of burned kukui nutshell, one unburned macadamia nutshell fragment, one cow bone, 14 goat bones and 12 unidentified small mammal bone (Table 5). Artifacts consist of two volcanic glass flakes, one basalt flake, one waterworn basalt pebble, one fragment of waterworn coral, two pieces of writing slate, 20 fragments of glass (aqua and olive colored)m a piece of hurricane glass and a stone ware rock fragment(Table 6). Layer 11 is a deposit of dark brown(7.5YR 3/2)moderately compact silt with 75%subangular vesicular boulder,cobble and pebble inclusions that underlies the Layer I soil.Two fragments of charred wood were recovered from Layer 11; HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 45 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 $uUnacernl Feature A --'"'e✓'s'�>�r'�..- -���y3� ._ W��,y�f���� L�+•a - �,�.a��� 1�tlylik{Yrs s.. �r - X % #V".4 � 4'' � .ca«^'i'�a✓ ;_fid rt MAN ,a xr ■y. �y�r���4� ��F� ,1 Figure 26.Site 31147,surface of Feature A platform and Feature B steppingstone trail(view to southeast). r i'� � r ��i ♦, '�, �,LF a %�111rs��� s P'•1�1 _ .,r r� 1 �•\tea\.�' .?rir I'�t'�!� ,�.�- -.y,��.. w, r . Figure 27.South side of Site 31447, Feature A platform(view to west). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 46 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 VA eta• ' WIV s q �, v - � 7.1 71, n A� ''=�'" ♦""`.� `� _, + '�'.e ra4��F�„�'.!; #1� `'�•'1 .its Figure 28. Paved surface of Site 31147,Feature A platform with Site 31146 wall in background(view to south). 0— Datum TU-827.1 West wall profile ayerI 0.25 0.5 Layer II Past-excavation photograph of TU-$27.1(view to north) Tri�i�`.�-�� -;�.,._� ---- s-:-y�•�.�- _ 0.75 meters Bedrock w 05 meters Layer I-Architectural layer of subangular vesicular cobbles and pebbles;no cultural material •` Y. Layer II-Black(lOYR 2/1)moderately compact silt with 1596 subangular vesicular cobble and pebble inclusions; i r cultural material present % Figure 29.Site 31147,Feature A,TU-827.1,west wall profile. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 47 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - n n R - n n d R e p o r t N o . 8 2 7 - 0 3 1 8 2 1 Table 4.Cultural material from Site 31147,Feature A,TU-827.1 Acc. Layer- Depth Weight Site Feature Specimen Material Type TNF Additional Information No Level cm bs (grams) fragments of thin walled 1.001 31147 A II-2 30-50 Aqua Glass Glass Historic Lighting 6 3.2 lighting glass,possible hurricane 1.002 31147 A II-2 30-50 Colorless Glass Glass Historic Container 1 12.3 fragment of bottle base of indeterminate diameter 1.003 31147 A 11-2 30-50 Suidae Sus Mammal pig 3 3.5 1 carpal/tarsal,1 phalanx,1 scrofa Bone/Tooth tooth 1.004 31147 A II-2 30-50 Macadamia Nutshell Macadamia nut 11 7.5 s . 1.005 31147 A II-2 30-50 Charred Wood Charcoal 3 0.4 fragments of thin walled 2.001 31147 A II-3 50-70 Aqua Glass Glass Historic Lighting 3 1.4 lighting glass,possible hurricane Sheet Metal 2.002 31147 A II-3 50-70 Fragment Steel Historic Container 1 0.2 probable can fragment Bone Coat 3/4"diameter4hole sew 2.003 31147 A II-3 50-70 Button Mammal Bone Historic Clothing 1 0.3 through sunken panel coat button(fragmented) 2.004 1 31147 1 A 1 II-3 1 50-70 1 Charred Wood Charcoal 6 0.4 Total 35 29.2 Aqua hurricane lamp glass No. 00 a. r �k Bone button No. 00 Figure 30.Selected artifacts from TU-827.1. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 48 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 IL a,N w 11�f y y�, c n S ��7 -Imp,��� V11— mop g F �, �g %' _ r � '�����f _~� '��y`t,'i� ��".;J' �`�tY �gw � �j�yy�y����wi�L�:�';��R �♦� Figure 31.Site 31147,Feature B steppingstone trail(view to southeast). J N "Rr I 1 Y � -�FISI�• r ._ 1 r Figure 32.Site 31147,Feature C retaining wall portion of feature(view to north). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 49 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 Datum a0D 0 nuc a° 0 o 0 a0� 0.25 TU-827.5 Layerl C) C) wall prefile 000 0 0 a r0.5 o 00 0 � D o o Q a � Layer 11 � 0.75 meters C, Q 0 Unexcavated OS _ _ ` ! _ _ _ _110 meters Layer 1-Black(10YR 2/1)moderately compact silt with 66%subangular vesicular boulder,cobble and pebble inclusions; cultural material present Layer II-Dark brown(7.5YR 3/2)moderately compact silt with 75%subangular boulder,cobble and pebble inclusions; trace charcoal present Figure 33.Site 31147,Feature C,TU-827.5.northwest wall profile. Table 5.Midden from Site 31147,Feature C,TU-827.5. Layer 1-1 Layer 1-2 Layer 1-3 Layer II-4 TU-827-5Total Site 31147,Feature C,TU-827.5 0-20 cmbd 20-40 cmbd 40-60 cmbd 60-70 cmbd 0-70 cmbd TNF WT TNF WT TNF WT TNF WT TNF WT TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES MAMMALIA Bos taurus (cow) 1 42.4 1 42.4 Capra hircus(goat) 13 16.5 1 1.5 14 18.0 Undetermined Mammal 12 4.5 12 4.5 SUBTOTA4 26 63.4 1 1.5 0 0 0 0 27 64.9 MACROFLORAL Charred wood 67 6.8 61 5.5 34 2.9 2 0.2 164 15.4 Aleuritesmolluccana (burned) 1 0.1 5 0.5 2 0.3 8 0.9 Macadamiasp. (unburned) 1 0.1 1 0.1 SUBTOTAL 69 7.0 66 6.0 36 3.2 2 0.2 173 16.4 TOTA 95 1 70.4 67 7.5 36 1 3.2 2 1 0.2 200 81.3 cmbd=cm below datum,TNF=Total number of fragments,WT=Weight in grams HAUN &ASSOCIATES 50 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 Report No . 827 - 031821 Table 6.Artifacts from Site 31147,Feature C,TU-827.5 Excavation Depth Size Length Width Thickness Acc.No. Layer Specimen Material Type TNF Weight Comment Unit cmbd Range mm mm mm 13.001 827-5 1-1 0-20 Aqua Bottle Glass Historic Container 2 0.5 13.002 827-5 -1 0-20 Olive Bottle Glass Historic Container 14 20.5 fragments of olive bottle;likely wine 13.003 827-5 -1 0-20 Stoneware Crock Ceramic Historic Tableware 1 16.1 crock fragment with yellow ochre slip 13.004 827-5 -1 0-20 Lighting Glass Glass Historic Lighting 1 0.1 thin walled lighting glass hurricane 13.005 827-5 1-1 0-20 Writing Slate Slate Historic 1 0.1 13.006 827-5 1-1 0-20 Tertiary Flake Volcanic Glass Debitage 1 0.1 S 13.013 827-5 1-1 0-20 Waterworn Pebble Granite Manuport 1 30.6 14.001 827-5 I-2 20-40 Olive Bottle Glass Historic Container 4 5.9 fragments of olive bottle;likely wine 14.002 827-5 1-2 20-40 Tertiary Flake Basalt Debitage 1 1.6 L 21.4 18.1 3.7 14.003 827-5 1-2 20-40 Tertiary Flake Volcanic Glass Debitage 1 0.1 M 15.001 827-5 1-3 40-60 Writing Slate Slate Historic 1 2.6 15.004 827-5 1-3 40-60 Porites sp.Pebble Coral Manuport 1 0.2 TOTAL NUMBER AND WEIGHT OF ARTIFACTS 29 78.4 cmbd=cm below datum,TNF=Total number of fragments,WT=Weight in grams,Size range M=Medium,L=Large however these likely fell into the unit during excavation of Layer I. No other cultural material is present. The excavation of EU-827.5 was terminated in the culturally sterile Layer II soil (Figure 34). Feature D is a stone-lined pit located adjacent to the Feature A platform to the north. It is oval-shaped and is 5.0 meters long(northwest by southeast)and 3.6 meters wide,with the interior measuring 2.5 meters long, 1.8 meters wide and 1.5 meters deep(Figure 35 and Figure 36).The exterior sides of the feature consists of collapsed boulders and cobbles (0 to 0.3 meters high),with the interior consisting of stacked and faced stones. No cultural material is present. Feature E is the remnant of a small wooden outhouse located to the west of Feature C.The structure is 1.9 meters long (east-northeast by west-southwest) and 1.6 meters wide and is completely overgrown by an autograph tree (Figure 37). The sides of the feature consist of vertical boards and battens and the roof was once covered by corrugated metal sheets.The remnants of a porcelain toilet are present in the interior. Feature F is a stone-lined pit situated at the south end of the site,9.4 meters south of Feature E. It is rectangular in shape and is 6.0 meters long(northwest by southeast)and 3.7 by 5.1 meters wide,with the interior measuring 3.5 meters long, 2.4 meters wide and 1.5 meters deep (Figure 38). The exterior sides are collapsed and average 0.3 meters high,with the interior sides comprised of stacked and faced boulders and cobbles, 7-9 courses deep.There is a raised wall, 1.1 meters high, located inland of pit and a second L-shaped wall (0.8 meters high), downslope to the southwest.A 3-inch diameter pipe extends into the pit along the north side.No other cultural material is present. Feature G is a retaining wall located upslope of Feature F and downslope of the Feature C walled terrace.It is roughly linear in shape and is 6.5 meters long (north-northwest by south-southeast), 0.4 to 0.6 meters wide (1-2 courses wide), and 0.7 to 0.8 meters high on the downslope side (3-4 courses high; Figure 39 and Figure 40).The upslope side abuts an area of sloping soil with no cultural material.The northern portion is collapsed rubble,partially buried by the fallen kiawe tree noted at Feature C.The southern end is stacked boulders and cobbles. A 1.0 by 1.0 meter test unit(TU-827.3)was excavated upslope of the Feature G retaining wall at the request of SHPD (see Figure 25).The excavation revealed two soil layers (Figure 41). Layer I is a 0.19 to 0.41 meters (0-41 cmbd) of very dark brown (7.5YR 2.5/2) moderately compact silt with 47%subangular vesicular boulder, cobble and pebble inclusions. Large roots extending through the Layer I soil. Cultural material from Layer I consist of two unidentified HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 51 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report N o . 8 2 7 - 0 3 1 8 2 1 AN•� '� iS ;'� :;:"try �•�- ;�;`•�, ',� _, �a • '~ ! -tea a� `''• .� OA► _ Figure 34.Post-excavation photograph of TU-827.5(view to north-northeast). , a MEN S�` _ - • •. VW Inr - - ,.�. �` - - -Twit a �^� [,\8. i• ._ _ . �'� I 1¢x^.3 Figure 35.Site 31147,Feature D stone-lined pit(view to southwest). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 52 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 R�@ AL s � � •�?' i tet' C4 All ,-,. fA y r, like Figure 36.Site 31147,Feature D stone-lined pit(view to northeast). 1 F h Figure 37.Site 31147,Feature E outhouse(view to southwest). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 53 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 I [9 i Figure 38.Site 31147,Feature F stone-lined pit(view to southwest). Figure 39.Site 31147,Feature G retaining wall(view to east). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 54 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 44 ,gid �.. �P'.'fi.' "♦ ,. !E� .a '�' -k ' a�Si9eS, b Mf + 6+11. ' t� s "v Figure 40.Surface of Site 31147,Feature G retaining wall(view to east). TU-827.3 ---� North wall profile Datum I l � _ Root r X0.25 _ r Layer (/ I '/7 i I 1 Layer II �0.5 Q 1 I Unexcavated —0.75 meters Q 0.s 1,0 meters Layer I-Very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2)moderately compact silt with 47%subangular vesicular boulders cobble and pebble inclusions; cultural material present Layer II-Very dark brown(10YR 2/2)moderately compact silt with 75%subangular vesicular cinders;cultural material present Figure 41.Site 31147,Feature C,TU-827.3,north wall profile. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 55 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 1Report No . 827 - 031821 small mammal bones and a fragment of writing slate. The midden from TU-827.3 is presented in Table 7 and the artifacts are summarized in Table 8. Layer II is 0.18 to 0.21 meters (40-60 cmbd) of very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moderately compact silt with 75% subangular vesicular cinders. A fragment of cow bone, four fragments of charred wood, a piece of burned kukui nutshell, a fragment of colorless bottle glass, two fragment of porcelain and three pieces of writing slate were recovered from the upper portion of this deposit.The fragments of porcelain (Acc. No.8.002)are depicted in Figure 42. No cultural material is present in the lower portion.The excavation of EU-827.3 was terminated within this soil (Figure 43). Feature H is a retaining wall located adjacent to Feature F to the north. It is roughly L-shaped and is 4.7 meters long (northeast by southwest)and 0.4 to 2.2 meters wide(2-8 courses). It is 0.8 meters high on the southern,downslope side(4-6 courses high), built on a raised bedrock outcrop.The pipe noted at Feature F extends through the Feature H retaining wall (Figure 44). Fragments of corrugated metal are also present on the surface. A 1.0 by 1.0 meter test unit(TU-827.2)was excavated into the Feature H retaining wall at the request of SHPD(see Figure 25).The unit was excavated north of the retaining wall in an area of level soil.The excavation revealed two soil layers(Figure 45).Layer I is 0.31 to 0.4 meters(0-40 cmbd)of very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2)moderately compact silt with 48%subangular vesicular boulder,cobble and pebble inclusions.The upper portion of this deposit is stained black,likely from the 3-inch pipes that lead to the nearby Feature F stone-lined pit.A concentration of modern trash (glass, plastic; not collected) is present in the southwestern corner of the unit. The midden from TU-827.2 consists of 11 marine shell fragments, one fish bone, two cow or goat bone fragments, three unidentified small mammal bones, 191 fragments of charred wood,four pieces of burned kukui nutshell and eight fragments of unburned kukui nutshell (Table 9).Artifacts are comprised of two waterworn basalt pebbles,nine waterworn coral and marine shell fragments, 1983 and 1985 pennies, a Prosser button, 10 fragments of safety glass, 160 pieces of window glass, 146 Table 7.Midden from Site 31147,Feature G,TU-827.3. Layer 1-1 Layer 11-2 TU-827-3Total Site 31147,Feature G,TU-827.3 0-20 cmbd 20-40 cmbd 0-40 cmbd TNF WT TNF WT TNF WT TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES MAMMALIA Bos tourus(cow) 1 74.7 1 74.7 Undetermined Mammal 2 0.7 2 0.7 SUBTOTA 2 0.7 1 74.7 3 75.4 MACROFLORAL Charred wood 4 0.4 4 0.4 Aleuritesmolluccona(burned) 1 0.1 1 0.1 SUBTOTAL 0 0 5 0.5 5 0.5 TOTAL 2 0.7 6 75.2 8 75.9 cmbd=cm below datum,TNF=Total number of fragmen ts,WT=Weigh t in grams Table 8.Artifacts from Site 31147,Feature G,TU-827.3. Excavation Depth Acc.No. Unit Layer cmbd Specimen Material Type TNF Weight Comment 7.001 EU-827.3 1-1 0-20 Writing Slate Slate Historic 1 0.1 8.001 EU-827.3 11-2 20-40 Colorless Bottle Glass Historic Container 1 0.3 8.002 EU-827.3 II-2 20-40 Porcelain Ceramic Historic Tableware 2 6.2 fragments of white porcelain with blue hand painted 8.003 1 EU-827.3 1 11-2 1 20-40 1 Writing Slate Slate Historic 3 3.4 TOTAL NUMBER AND W EIG HT OF ARTIFACTS 7 10 cmbd=cm below datum,TNF=Total number of fragments,WT=Weight in grams HAUN &ASSOCIATES 56 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 1 Figure 42.Porcelain ceramic fragments from Site 31147,Feature G,TU-827.3,Layer II (Acc.No.8.002). . ;S ..14 zt r' `I 1 I" r ' Figure 43.Post-excavation photograph of TU-827.3(view to north). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 57 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 r IItib �' rc. -b.. '° r. �''�.�-'yam_v-, `•� .(•� � �1..fie-fid ':� �T � A' � . � � ,yyam� .: 1r� Tom^.• `F- Figure 44.Site 31147,Feature H retaining wall(view to northwest). TU-827.2 West wall profile 0 ... Datum Modern trash+ Staining from sewer pipes J�� Boulder ' _ 7 d 0.25 Layer Layer II 0.5 Unexcavated 0,5 1,0 meters 0.75 meters — — Layer I-Very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2)moderately compact silt with 481Y.subangular vesicular boulder,cobble and pebble inclusions; cultural material present Layer 11-Very dark brown(10YR 2/2)moderately compact silt with 75%subangular vesicular cinders;trace charcoal present Figure 45.Site 31147,Feature H,TU-827.2,west wall profile. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 58 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 -008 : 004 Report No . 827 -031821 Table 9.Midden from Site 31147,Feature H,TU-827.2. qw Layer 1-1 Layer 1-2 Layer II-3 TU-827.2 Total Site 31147,Feature H,TU-827.2 0-20 cmbd 20-40 cmbd 40-60 cmbd 0-60 cmbd TNF WT TNF WT TNF WT TNF WT MARINE INVERTEBRATES GASTROPODA Muricidae Drupa ricinus 1 2.7 1 2.7 Nacellidae Cellana sp. 7 5.4 7 5.4 BIVALVIA Isognomonidae 3 0.3 3 0.3 Iff SUBTOTAL 8 8.1 3 0.3 0 0 11 8.4 MARINE VERTEBRATES Scaridae(parrotfish) I 1 1 1 0.3 1 1 1 1 1 0.3 TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES MAMMALIA Bovidoe(cow or goat) 2 1.1 2 1.1 Undetermined Mammal 3 0.3 4 6.4 7 6.7 SUBTOTAL 5 .4 4 6.4 0 0 9 7.8 MACROFLORAL Charred wood 92 8.7 99 12.0 3 0.1 194 20.8 Aleurites molluccana (burned) 1 0.1 3 0.2 4 0.3 Aleurites molluccana (unburned) 3 4.0 5 8.5 8 12.5 SUBTOTAL 96 12.8 103 18.4 3 0.1 202 31.3 TOTALI 109 22.3 111 25.4 3 0.1 223 47.8 cmbd=cm below datum,TNF=Total number of fragmen ts,WT=Weight in grams bottle glass fragments,four glass jar fragments,seven jar lid pieces, 166 fragments of steel cans, 18 can seams,one can key, a cupboard door latch, a metal strap, 80 nails,four pieces of a Hawaiian Tropics suntan oil fragment, 805 fragments of writing slate, two metal springs, 37 fragments of sheet metal, two pieces of cement mortar, and 11 ceramic fragments(Table 10).The Prosser button (acc. No.5.015)is shown in Figure 46 and the cupboard door latch is depicted in Figure 47. Figure 48 and Figure 49 show glazed ceramics recovered from Layer I. Layer II is 0.24 to 0.3 meters (35-70 cmbd) of very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moderately compact silt with 75% subangular vesicular cinders. Three fragments of charred wood, pieces of writing slate and colorless glass were recovered from the upper portion of the Layer II soil; however these likely fell into the unit during excavation of Layer I. No other cultural material is present.The excavation of EU-827.2 was terminated in the Layer II soil (Figure 50). In additional to the pennies from the 1980s, several other artifacts recovered from TU-827.2 are temporally diagnostic.The Prosser button was invented by Thomas Prosser 1841(patent#2199)and comprised a new technique for manufacturing ceramic buttons (https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com).The safety glass was invented by Edouard Benedictus in 1903 and carmakers began using it for windshields in the 19205 (https://www.schworervolkswagen.com/blog/when-was-safety-glass-first-used-in-cars). Several colorless pieces of Heinz 57 ketchup bottle with fluted based embossed "57" on the shoulder were recovered, which were manufactured after 1969(https://sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Heinz.pdf). Feature I is a linear section of wall located west of Feature F. It is 8.3 meters long(northeast by southwest),0.85 to 1.4 meters wide (5-7 courses wide) and 0.7 to 0.75 meter high (5-8 courses high).The wall is built of stacked and faced boulders and cobbles with a core-filled cobble interior(Figure 51). No cultural material is present.The ground below the feature slopes steeply to the south. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 59 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 -0 0 8 : 0 0 4 Report No . 827 -031821 Table 10.Artifacts from Site 31147,Feature H,TU-827.2. Excavation Depth Acc.No. Layer Specimen Material TNF Weight Comment Unit cmbd 4.001 EU-827.2 I-1 0-20 12 Sided Bottle Glass Historic Container 13 25.7 colorless fragments of 2"diameter 12 sided bottle with 1"diameter flat or patent finish colorless fragments of Heinz 57 ketchup bottle with fluted based embossed"57"on shout der of 4.002 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Heinz 57Ketchup Bottle Glass Historic Container 19 46.6 bottle;Heinz trademarked"57 Varieties"in 1896, but it was not embossed on the shoulder of the ketchup bottle until 1969 4.003 EU-827.2 -1 0-20 Jar Glass Historic Container 1 11.1 colorless fragment of 2"diameterthreaded rim ofjar 4.004 EU-827.2 -1 0-20 Jar Glass Historic Container 2 15.1 colorless fragment of 2.5"diameter threaded rim ofjar 4.005 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Colorless Bottle Glass Historic Container 26 23.3 4.006 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Aqua Bottle Glass Historic Container 4 9.3 1 fragment embossed with Anheuser Busch eagle 4.007 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Amber Bottle Glass Historic Container 30 28.2 logo from bottle of Budweiser beer,Ifragment embossed"-ECYCL-" 4.008 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Green Bottle Glass Historic Container 39 95.4 fragments of green bottle;likely beer 4.009 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Olive Bottle Glass Historic Container 8 22.9 fragments of olive bottle;likelywine 4.010 EU-827.2 I-1 0-20 Ribbed lar Lid Steel Historic Container 7 3.1 fragments of 3/8"height ribbed jar lid with rolled rim 4.011 EU-827.2 I-1 0-20 Threaded lar Lid Steel Historic Container 2 1.7 fragments of 3"diameter threaded jar lid with rolled rim can key with strip of can wound around it(typical 4.012 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Can Key Steel Historic Container 1 5.5 of canned meat products like corned beef and Spam) 4.013 EU-827.2 I-1 0-20 Can Seams Steel Historic Container 18 20.3 4 seam fragments from rectangular can(the style for canned meat products) 4.014 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Can Fragments Steel Historic Container 166 100.7 sheet metal fragments of cans 4.015 EU-827.2 I-1 0-20 White Earthenware Ceramic HistoricTableware 5 10.8 undecorated white earthernware of indeterminate vessel type 4.016 EU-827.2 I-1 0-20 Blue Transfer Printed Ceramic HistoricTableware 2 2.9 fragments of blue on white transfer printed Earthenware earthenware of indeterminate vessel type 4.017 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Stoneware Crock Ceramic HistoricTableware 1 16.1 crockfragment with yellow ochre slip 4.018 EU-827.2 I-1 0-20 Redware/Terracotta Ceramic HistoricTableware 1 1.9 fragment of unglazed redware of indeterminate vessel type 4.019 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Square Nail Iron Historic Hardware 1 5.5 2.5"length 4.020 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Square Nail Fragment Iron Historic Hardware 6 7.3 4.021 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Wire Nail Steel Historic Hardware 2 11.1 3"length 4.022 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Wire Nail Steel Historic Hardware 13 68.9 2.5"length 4.023 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Wire Nail Steel Historic Hardware 3 9.6 2"length 4.024 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Wire Nail Steel Historic Hardware 2 4.7 1.5"length 4.025 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Wire Nail Steel Historic Hardware 6 6.3 1 1.25"length 4.026 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Wire Nail Steel Historic Hardware 12 8.9 1"length 4.027 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Wire Nail Fragment Steel Historic Hardware 14 14.8 4.028 EU-827.2 I-1 0-20 Metal Strap Iron Historic Hardware 1 18.1 2.5"length fragment of 1"width iron strap with 0.25"diameter hole on one end 4.029 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Clothespin Spring Steel Historic 1 4.3 spring mechanism from clothespin 4.030 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Spring Steel Historic 1 1.6 coiled springfragment with 3/8"diameter coil 4.031 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Window Glass Glass Historic Building 123 208.8 4.032 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Mortar Sand,Lime Historic Building 1 5.0 4.033 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Writing Slate Slate Historic 534 1006.0 fragments of laminated safetyglass;Edouard 4.034 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Safety Glass Glass Historic 10 8.6 Benedictus invented safety glass in 1903 and carmakers began using it forwindshields in the 19205 fragments of brown plastic suntan oil bottle with embossed IabeI"N OT TO ABSORB ANY/OF THE DELICATE/TANNING OILS/MAINLAND/MAIL Hawaiian Tropic Suntan Oil ORDER/DISTRIBUTOR/TANNING RESEARCH/c/o 4.035 EU-827.2 I-1 0-20 Bottle Plastic Historic 3 2.2 RON RICE BEACH PRODUCTS/BOX 5111/DAYTONA BEACH FLORIDA/CONTIN ENTAL U.S.A/TANNING RESEARCH LABS INC."accompanied by embossed suns and coconut trees;Ron Rice invented Hawaiian Tropic in 1969 in his Kentuckygarage 4.036 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Penny Copper,Zinc Historic 2 4.6 1983 penny,1985 penny HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 60 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 Table 10.Artifacts from Site 31147,Feature H,TU-827.2(cont.). Excavation Depth Acc.No. Unit Layer cm .1116 Specimen Material Type TNF Weight Comment 4.037 EU-827.2 I-1 0-20 Cupboard Door Latch Brass Historic Hardware 1 15.7 2"length brass spring loaded push cupboard doorlatch 4.045 EU-827.2 1-1 0-20 Waterworn Shell,Coral Mixed Manuport 7 15.6 5.001 EU-827.2 I-2 20-40 Jar Glass Historic Container 1 2.3 colorless fragment of 1" ofjdiameterthreaded rim ar 5.002 EU-827.2 1-2 20-40 Colorless Bottle Glass Historic Container 6 4.6 5.003 EU-827.2 1-2 20-40 Green Bottle Glass Historic Container 1 0.2 fragments ofgreen bottle;likely beer 5.004 EU-827.2 I-2 20-40 White Earthenware Ceramic Historic Tableware 1 3.2 undecorated white earthernware of indeterminate vessel type fragment of white porcelain cup or bowl with 5.005 EU-827.2 1-2 20-40 Porcelain Cup/Bowl Ceramic Historic Tableware 1 1.4 blue hand painted decoration on interior of vessel 5.006 EU-827.2 1-2 20-40 Square Nail Iron Historic Hardware 1 1.7 1.75"length 5.007 EU-827.2 1-2 20-40 Square Nail Fragment Iron Historic Hardware 1 0.6 5.008 EU-827.2 1-2 20-40 Wire Nail Steel Historic Hardware 6 9.8 1.25"length 5.009 EU-827.2 1-2 20-40 Roofing Nail Steel Historic Hardware 1 2.7 1"length roofing nail 5.010 EU-827.2 1-2 20-40 Wire Nail Fragment Steel Historic Hardware 12 16.7 5.011 EU-827.2 I-2 20-40 Sheet Metal Steel Historic 37 31.3 fragments of sheet metal;likely can fragments or corrugated roofing 5.012 EU-827.2 1-2 20-40 Window Glass Glass Historic Building 37 24.2 5.013 EU-827.2 1-2 20-40 Mortar Sand,Lime Historic Building 1 1.1 5.014 EU-827.2 1-2 20-40 Writing Slate Slate Historic 271 268.3 7/16"diameterwhite Prosser button with iron 5.015 EU-827.2 I-2 20-40 Prosser Button Ceramic Historic Clothing 1 0.7 loop shank and domed front;Thomas Prosser was issued patent#2199 in 1841 for a new technique used to manufacture ceramic buttons Hawaiian Tropic5untan Oil 5.016 EU-827.2 I-2 20-40 Plastic Historic 1 0.1 fragment of brown plastic suntan oil bottle Bottle 5.023 EU-827.2 1-2 20-40 Waterworn Pebble Basalt Manuport 2 119.5 5.024 EU-827.2 1-2 20-40 Waterworn Shell Mixed Manuport 2 0.5 6.001 EU-827.2 11-3 40-60 Colorless Bottle Glass Historic Container 2 1.0 6.002 EU-827.2 II-3 40-60 Writing Slate Slate Historic 8 3.9 TOTAL N U MBER AN D W EIG HT OF ARTIFACTS cmbd=cm below datum,TNF=Total number of fragments,WT=Weight in grams Figure 46. Prosser button from Site 31147,Feature H,TU-827.2,Layer I(Acc. No.5.015). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 61 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 1 Figure 47. Door latch from Site 31147,Feature H,TU-827.2,Layer I(Acc.No.4.037). Figure 48.Porcelain fragments from Site 31147,Feature H,TU-827.2,Layer I(Acc. No.4.016). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 62 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 f Figure 49.Porcelain fragment from Site 31147,Feature H,TU-827.2,Layer I(Acc. No.5.005). Air 77 .F• ,•� Figure 50.Post-excavation photograph of TU-827.2(view to north). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 63 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 Figure 51.Site 31147,Feature I wall(view to southwest). Feature J is a small lava blister situated to the east of Feature F, adjacent to the Site 31146 wall. There are two entrances into the blister along the west side, ranging in height from 0.4 to 0.6 meters (Figure 52 and Figure 53). These open onto an oval chamber that is 2.7 meters long(northwest by southeast),1.5 meters wide and 0.45 meters high.The floor is scattered stones with fragments of glazed ceramics and glass bottles. Feature K through Feature S are a series of connected enclosures and enclosure remnants that comprise the northern portion of the site.The Feature K enclosure is rectangular in shape and is 44.5 meters long (northeast by southwest)and 14.3 to 24.5 meters wide. Portions of the southern wall have been breached by a graded gravel road, and a section of the north wall has been destroyed since the 2008 topographic survey. Bulldozer swaths have also impacted the north and east walls. The extant walls of the enclosure are constructed of stacked boulders and cobbles,ranging in width from 1.0 to 2.6 meters(5-11 courses wide)and in height from 0.1 to 1.0 meters(1-5 courses high). Intact portions are faced although numerous collapsed areas are present.The interior is comprised of soil with scattered cobbles (Figure 54 and Figure 55). A low bedrock outcrop extends across the enclosure in a north-south direction.The Feature T platform (discussed below) is present in the southwestern corner of Feature K. Feature L is an enclosure that was noted during the 2008 topographic survey,but which was subsequently destroyed. No remnants of this feature remain. According to the 2008 survey map,the structure was originally U-shaped and open to the west, measuring 11.6 meters long (north-northwest by south-southeast) and 7.4 to 10.7 meters wide. No information on the height or method of construction of the enclosure is available.The ground surface in this area has been graded and leveled. Feature M is a rectangular-shaped enclosure located adjacent to Feature K to the north. It is 31.2 meters long (northeast by southwest) and 20.8 meters wide,with an 8.0 meter wide gap in the southwestern corner.The walls are generally collapsed, although intact, stacked and faced sections are present. The walls are 0.75 to 2.2 meters wide (4-9 courses wide) and 0.4 to 1.15 meters high (2-6 courses high). A portion of the southern wall has been destroyed since the 2008 topographic survey.The surface is level soil with scattered stones and no cultural material (Figure 56).A raised bedrock outcrop is present in the northwestern portion. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 64 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 -,r 6 5N rry Y 1 Figure 52.Site 31147,Feature J lava blister(view to east). i 3 Figure 53. Interior of Site 31147,Feature J lava blister(view to northeast). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 65 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 •t 4r- - A�3�.6 a•N�A� -}sem} ��j`.sy 'i�� '- I�.R�IF :.i�t ', III � r � -s1r .��.- - �iii "�k'•'� � - 4 t,r ,x - �,`-' r .y.. r fi �� f � - L4VL4Y4�hf,� ',•. •} Figure 54.Site 31147,Feature K enclosure(view to east). 3 --PW �. �;{.mss i,��`'", ..o'� �' `�• ��ll' ��„ �� '�� Figure 55.South wall of Site 31147,Feature K enclosure(view to east). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 66 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 r (0 35 r� c 4iP �V'�`' Figure 56.Site 31147,Feature M enclosure(view to northeast). Feature N is a roughly square-shaped enclosure located at the northeastern portion of the site. It is 28.3 to 31.4 meters long (northeast by southwest) and 27.3 to 29.0 meters wide, with a 3.6 meter wide gap in the southwest corner.The walls range in width from 1.2 to 3.3 meters (5-12 courses wide)and in height from 0.5 to 1.4 meters (2- 6 courses high). Intact sections are present; however, the majority of the walls are collapsed. A portion of the northern wall of the enclosure is depicted on the cover of this report.The interior is comprised of soil with scattered cobbles with no cultural material.A section of wall extends 6.0 meters to the north from the northeastern corner of the enclosure. Feature O is a rectangular-shaped enclosure located adjacent to Features M and N to the west. It is 33.1 meters long (north-northwest by south-southeast) and 27.0 to 29.6 meters wide. The southern walls of the enclosure were destroyed since the 2008 topographic survey,which at that time evidenced a 7.5 meter wide gap in the southeast corner, and a narrow (1.25 meter wide) gap in the southwest corner. The remnant walls are generally collapsed, although intact, stacked and faced sections are present. The walls are 1.0 to 3.7 meters wide (5-10 courses wide) and 0.5 to 1.6 meters high(4-6 courses high; Figure 57).The interior is level soil with scattered stones and no cultural material.The Feature U and Feature V concrete pads (discussed below)are located within the Feature O enclosure. Feature P is a rectangular-shaped enclosure situated to the west of Feature O.The structure is open to the west and is 11.7 to 13.4 meters long(northeast by southwest)and 9.5 to 10.7 meters wide.The walls are generally collapsed, although intact,stacked sections are present.The walls are 1.0 to 2.7 meters wide (4-8 courses wide)and 0.3 to 0.8 meters high (2-4 courses high; Figure 58).The interior is soil with scattered stones that slopes slightly to the west. No cultural material is present. Feature Q is the disturbed remnant of a roughly L-shaped enclosure bordered by Feature O and Feature P. The southern portion of the structure was destroyed since the 2008 topographic survey,which indicates that it HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 67 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 A.•- •�. � J J - �� 5.� .x. � 4;kY �M14 �. 1 .."moi �� �a sR Figure 57.Site 31147,Feature O enclosure(view to north). A In, �� ��V'P�$p��• ,`Wtkr��lYi- .%�fiA' l�b�, - � �elp�g�'+,g� -.� �A �� , +v7" ,Y(' A.� �� F � F� 'F 4� ?Y r � * 2 `� �.� v #•+f0. q'*P;• ''0. `;.r g. y � - ''� d��= -� '� 3 1.i '- •::�- Figure 58.Site 31147,Feature P enclosure(view to south-southwest). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 68 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 1Report No . 827 - 031821 originally measured 31.3 to 32.0 meters long(north-northwest by south-southeast) and 21.6 meters wide,open to the south.The walls are generally collapsed, although remnant intact sections are present.The walls are 1.0 to 2.0 meters wide and 0.4 to 0.7 meters high (Figure 59 and Figure 60).The interior is sloping soil with scattered stones, and no cultural material. Feature R is an enclosure noted during the 2008 topographic survey that has subsequently been destroyed. No remnants of this feature remain.According to the 2008 survey map,the structure was originally rectangular-shaped, measuring 23.0 meters long(east-northeast by west-southwest) and 15.0 to 15.8 meters wide. It was bordered by Feature O to the north, Feature L to the south, Feature M to the east, and Feature Q to the west.The only portion remaining is the western side of the Feature M enclosure,which consists of a stacked boulder and cobble wall that is 1.0 meters wide (3-4 courses wide) and 0.45 to 0.65 meters high (2-3 courses high). The ground surface in this area has been graded and leveled. Feature S is the disturbed remnant of an enclosure located in the northwestern portion of the site. It is comprised of walls along the north and east sides, measuring 37.5 meters long(north-northwest by south-southeast)and 24.0 meters wide.The southern portion of the east wall was destroyed since the 2008 topographic survey.The extant walls are generally collapsed, although remnant intact sections are present.The walls are 0.95 to 3.8 meters wide (4-12 courses wide)and 0.4 to 1.05 meters high (2-5 courses high; Figure 61).The interior is level soil with scattered stones,and no cultural material.The Feature W stone-lined pit is situated within the Feature S enclosure. Feature T is an oval-shaped platform located in the southwestern corner of the Feature K enclosure.The platform is 4.0 meters long (north-south) and 3.7 meters wide. The feature is constructed of piled boulders and cobbles with collapsed sides and uneven,irregular surface.The feature ranges in height from 0.3 to 0.8 meters(2-4 courses high). No cultural material is present. A 1.0 by 1.0 meter test unit(TU-827.4)was excavated into the stone surface of the Feature T platform at the request of SHPD (see Figure 25).The excavation revealed three layers consisting of the platform architecture (Layer I) and two soil deposits(Layers II and III; Figure 62). Layer I is an architectural layer of subangular pahoehoe boulder, cobble and pebble inclusions that comprises the surface of the Feature T platform. It is 0.59 to 0.7 meters thick (0-70 cmbd) and overlies the Layer 11 soil. A 1-inch galvanized metal pipe extends through Layer I in a northwest by southeast direction. No cultural material is present, although a fragment of concrete was noted but not collected. Layer 11 is 0.55 to 0.7 meters (70-140 cmbd) of very dark brown (7.5YR 2.5/2) moderately compact silt with 54% subangular vesicular cobble and pebble inclusions.Midden from Layer 11 consists of four fragments of charred wood, 98 pieces of unburned kukui nutshell, 15 fragments of unburned macadamia nutshell,ten cow bones,five rat bones and 12 fragments of unidentified small mammal bone (Table 11).Artifacts from this layer consist of 490 fragments of waterworn coral,two pieces of waterworn marine shell,one piece of sheet metal,a fragment of window glass,a brass cannister top, 16 nails, one metal screw and three fragments of white earthenware (Table 12). The brass cannister top (Acc. No. 9.002) is presented in Figure 63. Layer III is a deposit of very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2)moderately compact silt with 71%subangular vesicular cinders that underlies Layer 11. No cultural material is present.The excavation of TU-827.4 was terminated in this culturally sterile soil (Figure 64). Feature U is a rectangular-shaped concrete pad located within the Feature O enclosure. It is 3.2 meters long (northeast by southwest) and 2.6 meters wide with raised concrete curbs along the north and south sides. These curbs are 0.12 meters wide and 0.1 meters high above the surface of the pad (Figure 65). A series of metal posts are present along these curbs,cut off flush with the concrete surface(Figure 66). No cultural material is present. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 69 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 - w ry g •.z .Y mss± Figure 59.Site 31147,Feature Q enclosure(view to east-northeast). i S a �.. Y� y. Figure 60.Site 31147,Feature Q enclosure(view to southeast). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 70 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 - Report No . 827 - 031821 r Figure 61.Site 31147,Feature S enclosure(view to southwest). Layer Datum I I I TU-827A - - Northwest wall profile I I � t 0,5 Layert-Architecturallayerofsubangularpahoehoe t • '— boulders cobble and pebble inclusions; No cultural material j Alpe Layer II-Very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2)moderately compact �u,JS Qsilt with 54%suhangular vesicular cobble and pebble inclusions;cultural material present O Layer II Layer III-Very dark brawn(7.SYR 2.5/2)moderately lA compact silt with 71%subangular vesicular cinders; Q no cultural material O L25 d 1.5 meters `unexcavated , X2.0 meters Figure 62.Site 31147,Feature T.TU-827.4,northwest wall profile. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 71 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 -0 0 8 : 0 0 4 Report No . 827 -031821 Table 11.Midden from Site 31147,Feature T,TU-827.4. Layer II-2 Layer II-3 Layer II-4 Layer II-5 TU-827.4 Total Site 31147,Feature T,TU-827.4 70-90 cmbd 90-110 cmbd 110-130 cmbd 130-140 cmbd 70-140 cmbd F WT TNF WT TNF WT TNF WT TNF WT TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES MAMMALIA Bos taurus(cow) 4 72.0 6 16.8 10 88.8 Muridae Rattus nonregicus/Rattus rattus(Black or Norway rat) 2 0.2 2 0.1 1 0.1 5 0.4 Undetermined Mammal 7 5.1 3 0.7 2 0.6 12 6.4 SUBTOTAL 13 77.3 5 0.8 9 17.5 0 0 27 95.6 MACROFLORAL Charred wood 3 0.3 1 0.1 4 0.4 Aleuritesmolluccana (unburned) 85 339.8 3 9.7 7 32.2 3 15.6 98 397.3 Macadamiasp. (unburned) 6 7.3 8 1.8 1 0.1 15 9.2 SUBTOTAL 94 347.4 11 11.5 9 32.4 3 15.6 117 406.9 TOTALI 107 424.7 16 12.3 18 49.9 3 15.6 144 502.5 cmbd=cm below datum,TNF=Total number of fragments,WT=Weight in grams Table 12.Artifacts from Site 31147,Feature T.TU-827.4 Excavation Depth Acc.No. Unit Layer cmbd Specimen Material TNF I ad Weight Comment 9.001 TU-827.4 II-2 70-90 White Earthenware Ceramic Historic Tableware 2 0.7 undecorated white earthernware of indeterminate vessel type fragment of 3"by 1.25'width oval 9.002 TU-827.4 II-2 70-90 CannisterTop Brass Historic Container 1 11.7 shaped cannister with a 1"diameter ribbed cap 9.003 TU-827.4 II-2 70-90 Square Nail Iron Historic Hardware 12 1 16.6 1.25'length 9.004 TU-827.4 II-2 70-90 Screw Steel Historic Hardware 1 3.5 1.75'length 9.005 TU-827.4 II-2 70-90 Window Glass Glass Historic Building 1 1.6 9.012 TU-827.4 II-2 70-90 Porites sp.Pebble Coral Manuport 238 460.0 9.013 TU-827.4 II-2 70-90 Waterworn Shell Bivalve Shell Manuport 2 0.4 10.001 TU-827.4 II-3 90-110 White Earthenware Ceramic Historic Tableware 1 0.1 10.002 TU-827.4 II-3 90-110 Square Nail Iron Historic Hardware 1 1.3 10.003 TU-827.4 II-3 90-110 Wire Nail Steel Historic Hardware 1 5.0 10.008 TU-827.4 II-3 90-110 Porites sp.Pebble Coral Manuport 102 167.9 11.001 TU-827.4 II-4 110-130 Square Nail Iron Historic Hardware 2 2.5 1.25'length 11.002 TU-827.4 II-4 110-130 Sheet Metal Steel Historic 1 0.4 fragment of sheet metal;likely can fragment or corrugated roofing 11.009 TU-827.4 II-4 110-130 Porites sp.Pebble Coral Manuport 111 134.3 12.002 TU-827.4 1 II-5 130-140 Porites sp.Pebble Coral Manuport 39 20.8 TOTAL N U MBER AN D WE IG FIT OF ARTI FACTS 515 826.8 cmbd=cm below datum,TNF=Total number of fragments,WT=Weight in grams HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 72 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 1 Figure 63.Brass cannister top from Site Site 31147,Feature T,TU-827.4,Layer II (Acc.No.9.002). r .; r .0-7 S .a 1 • f ' F! 'ly' y .�, i�� -h Figure 64.Post-excavation photograph of TU-827.4(view to northeast). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 73 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 T. NO - ��. AB tea, 'u- �• drr ' i`ar}�,� '��R yY� 'F�"iP9f.(��P p ''�'t.♦ P IY t���7� � �' IF � I Figure 65.Site 31147,Feature U and Feature V concrete pads(view to south). Y. NA - x ( � f MIN®DD AMI , R •� t Figure 66.Site 31147,Feature U,metal post in curb. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 74 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 1Report No . 827 - 031821 Feature V is a concrete pad located adjacent to Feature U. It is 1.8 meters square and 0.1 meters high above the surrounding ground surface (see Figure 65 and Figure 67). A roughly key-shaped hole is present within the pad opening onto a subterranean chamber that is 1.3 meters deep. Metal bars are visible along the sides of the hole. No cultural material is present. Feature W is a stone-lined pit located in the Feature S enclosure. It is roughly square-shaped and is 2.3 meters long (north-northwest by south-southeast) and 2.3 meters wide. The exterior of the pit is level with the surrounding ground surface with the interior extending to 0.9 meters deep (2-3 courses; Figure 68 and Figure 69). No cultural material is present. A 1.0 by 1.0 meter test unit(TU-827.6)within the Feature W stone-lined pit at the request of SHPD (see Figure 25). This excavation revealed a single soil layer overlying bedrock (Figure 70). Layer I is a deposit of very dark brown (10YR 2/2)unconsolidated silt with 82%subangular vesicular boulder,cobble and pebble inclusions. It is 0.45 to 0.63 meters thick (0-70 cmbd). Artifacts consist of four fragments of waterworn coral, 3,771 pieces of sheet metal, a tractor steering wheel,23 pieces of window glass,22 bottle glass fragments,a glass jar,a glass flask,39 nails,a piece of wire,two pieces of wire mesh,a safety razor blade., a wire soap shaver,six fragments of hurricane glass, and 22 pieces of ceramics (Table 13). Midden from this deposit consists of 18 fragments of charred wood, 23 pieces of burned kukui nutshell, one unburned kukui nutshell, eight cow bones,28 cat bones,five rat bones,four bird bone, and 15 small mammal bone fragments(Table 14).The layer is underlain by bedrock throughout the unit(Figure 71). Several artifacts recovered from TU-827.6 are temporally diagnostic.The glass flask evidences a threaded screw cap finish with an aluminum cap embossed with "THE AMERICAN MEDICINAL SPIRITS CORPORATION" (Figure 72).The Wathen Brothers founded the distilling company in the 1920s during prohibition and customers could acquire a bottle with a doctor's prescription for alcohol. The company produced numerous brands of whisky for many decades but failed to renew its patents in the mid-1970s(http://campusarch.msu.edu/). Several fragment of glazed ceramics(Acc.No. 18.003,19.007,and 20.002)consist of a blue on white transfer printed earthenware with geometric design from inner border of willow pattern plate or saucer(Figure 73, Figure 74, and Figure 75). The Willow pattern was designed in 1780s and is still in production to this day (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willow pattern). Another ceramic fragment (Acc. No. 19.008) has a blue on white transfer printed earthenware depicting a tree from Italian pattern first introduced by Spode in 1816 and in continuous production until 2009(Figure 76; https://spodehistory.blogspot.com). The colorless glass jar (Acc. No. 19.001) has a 2-inch diameter threaded finish with a screw cap and a salamander oval base embossed with"3"(Figure 77).Thejar has art deco fluting and stippled texture running down the shoulders of jar which suggests manufacture post 1940 (https://sha.org/bottle/bases.htm#Stippling). One glass bottle (Acc. No. 19.004) consists of a 4.25-inch high amber medicine bottle with a 1.25-inch flat or packer finish and 1 5/8-icnh by 1 %-inch excelsior base embossed with "2" (Figure 78). This predates early 1930s based on cork closure (https://sha.org/bottle/machinemadedating). As previously discussed, the historic Paris Hotel (see Figure 14) once existed within the project area, within the boundaries of the Site 31147 complex.Although no remnants of the actual hotel remain,a 1.0 by 1.0 meter test unit (TU-827.1a) was excavated within the estimated footprint of the structure at the request of SHPD (see Figure 25). This excavated was located in an of level soil in the northwestern portion of the former building. The excavation revealed two layers overlying bedrock(Figure 79). Layer I is a deposit of very dark brown(10YR 2/2) moderately compact silt with 69%subangular vesicular cobble and pebble inclusions. It is 0.29 to 0.36 meters thick (0-40 cmbd). Artifacts from Layer I consist of three volcanic glass flakes,one volcanic glass core,one waterworn basalt pebble,two pieces of waterworn marine shell, a kaolin pipe HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 75 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 RL 7A _•cam(- Jr - R } f ~ .rR •tk. i Figure 67.Site 31147,Feature V,hole in concrete pad(view to southeast). � Ffr i•' - .fit_ ��`ifh y Figure 68.Site 31147,Feature W stone-lined pit(view to northwest). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 76 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 Figure 69.Site 31147,Feature W stone-lined pit(view to north). TU-827.6 West-southwest wall profile - 0 Datum 0.25 Layer 0.5 Bedrock 0.75 meters 1�Ometers Layer I-Very dark brown(1DYR 2/2)unconsolidated silt with 82%subangular vesicular boulder,cobble and pebble inclusions, cultural material present Figure 70.Site 31147,Feature W,TU-827.6,west-southwest wall profile. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 77 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 -0 0 8 : 0 0 4 Report No . 827 -031821 Table 13.Artifacts from Site 31147,Feature W,TU-827.6. Excavation Depth Acc.No. Unit Layer cmbd Specimen Material Type TNF Weight Comment 17.001 TU-827.6 -1 0-20 Colorless Bottle Glass Historic Container 1 150.4 shoulder,neck and 1"diameter crown cap finish of bottle fragment of white earthenware of 17.002 TU-827.6 1-1 0-20 Blue and White Earthenware Ceramic Historic Tableware 1 0.7 indeterminate vessel type deocrated with blue slip on exterior shoulder,neck and 1"diameter threaded screw cap finish with aluminum cap embossed"THE AMERICAN MEDICINAL SPIRITS CORPORATION"of a pintflask;The Wathen Brothers founded the distilling 18.001 TU-827.6 1-2 20-40 Colorless Pint Flask Glass Historic Container 4 46.5 company in the 1920s during prohibition and customers could acquire a bottle with a doctor's prescription for alcohol. The company produced numerous brands of whisky for many decades but failed to renew its patents in the mid 1970s 18.002 TU-827.6 -2 20-40 Colorless Bottle Glass Historic Container 2 142.1 3"diameter base belonging to same bottle as 17.001 fragment of blue on white transfer printed earthenware with geometric 18.003 TU-827.6 1-2 20-40 Blue Transfer Printed Ceramic Historic Tableware 1 1.2 design from inner borderofwillow Earthenware pattern plate or saucer;Willow pattern was designed in 1780s and is still in production to this day Blue Transfer Printed fragment of blue on white transfer 18.004 TU-827.6 1-2 20-40 Earthenware Ceramic Historic Tableware 1 1.0 printed earthenware of indeterminate vesseltype fragment of white porcelain with hand 18.005 TU-827.6 1-2 20-40 Porcelain Vessel Ceramic Historic Tableware 1 0.3 painted blue decoration on interiorof vessel undecorated white earthernware of 18.006 TU-827.6 1-2 20-40 White Earthenware Ceramic Historic Tableware 1 2.3 indeterminate vessel type 18.007 TU-827.6 1-2 20-40 Square Nail Iron Historic Hardware 1 3.5 1"length 18.008 TU-827.6 1-2 20-40 Wire Nail Steel Historic Hardware 1 2.8 2"length 18.009 TU-827.6 1-2 20-40 Window Glass Glass Historic Building 1 3.9 Steel/Rubbe 17"diameter3 spoked tractorsteering 18.012 TU-827.6 1-2 20-40 Tractor Steering Wheel Historic Agriculture 1 1555.0 wheel covered with rubberthat has r raised fingergrips on underside 5.25"height condiment jar with 2" diameter threaded finish with screw cap and 2"by 1.5"salamander oval base 19.001 TU-827.6 1-3 40-60 Colorless Jar Glass Historic Container 1 203.9 embossed`3";art deco fluting and stippled texture running down the shoulders of jar suggests manufacture post 1940 3.25"diameter colorless bottle base 19.002 TU-827.6 1-3 40-60 Colorless Bottle Glass Historic Container 4 161.7 with automatic bottle machine scaron base;post 1905 19.003 TU-827.6 1-3 40-60 Colorless Bottle Glass Historic Container 12 8.0 fragments 4.25"height amber medicine bottle with 1.25"flat or packerfinish and 15/8"by 1 19.004 TU-827.6 1-3 40-60 Amber Medicine Bottle Glass Historic Container 1 98.3 1/4"excelsior base embossed`2"; predates early 1930s based on cork closure 19.005 TU-827.6 1-3 40-60 Amber Bottle Glass Historic Container 1 5.5 fragment fragments of white porcelain with hand 19.006 TU-827.6 1-3 40-60 Porcelain Vessel Ceramic Historic Tableware 4 2.9 painted blue decorations on interior/exterior of vessel fragments of blue on white transfer printed earthenware with geometric 19.007 TU-827.6 1-3 40-60 Blue Transfer Printed Ceramic Historic Tableware 3 2.4 design from outer border and trees of Earthenware willow pattern;Willow pattern was designed in 1780s and is still in production to this day fragment of blue on white transfer Blue Transfer Printed printed earthenware depicting tree 19.008 TU-827.6 1-3 40-60 Earthenware Ceramic Historic Tableware 1 1.9 from Italian pattern first introduced by Spode in 1816 and in continuous production until 2009 HAUN &ASSOCIATES 78 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 -008 : 004 Report No . 827 -031821 Table 13.Artifacts from Site 31147,Feature W,TU-827.6(cont.). pr Excavation Depth Acc.No. Unit Layer cmbd Specimen Material Type TNF Weight Comment Blue Transfer Printed fragments of blue on white transfer 19.009 TU-827.6 1-3 40.60 Earthenware Ceramic Historic Tableware 2 3.0 printed earthenware of indeterminate vessel type 19.010 TU-827.6 1-3 40.60 White Earthenware Ceramic Historic Tableware 1 0.7 undecorated white earthernware of indeterminate vessel type 19.011 TU-827.6 1-3 40.60 Stoneware Crock Ceramic Historic Tableware 2 35.2 crock fragments with yel low salt glaze on exterior and matte tan slip interior 19.012 TU-827.6 1-3 40.60 Square Nail Iron Historic Hardware 1 1.8 1.25"length 19.013 TU-827.6 1-3 40.60 Square Nail Fragment Iron Historic Hardware 2 2.7 19.014 TU-827.6 1-3 40.60 Wire Nail Steel Historic Hardware 1 8.7 3"length 19.015 TU-827.6 1-3 40.60 Wire Nail Steel Historic Hardware 2 10.6 2.5"length 19.016 TU-827.6 1-3 40.60 Wire Nail Steel Historic Hardware 2 4.0 1.25"length 19.017 TU-827.6 1-3 40.60 Wire Nail Fragment Steel Historic Hardware 29 26.2 19.018 TU-827.6 1-3 40.60 Heavy Gauge Wire Steel Historic Hardware 1 14.1 12"length of heavy gauge steel wire 19.019 TU-827.6 1-3 40.60 Wire Mesh Fabric Steel Historic Hardware 2 0.2 wire screen 3.5"by 2.5"rectangular basket from wire soap saver which was used to collect 19.020 TU-827.6 1-3 40.60 Woven Wire Soap Saver Steel Historic Hygiene 17 34.1 slivers of soap bars to swirl in the water during laundry and bathing 19.021 TU-827.6 1-3 40.60 Razor Blade Steel Historic Hygiene 2 6.9 single edge safety razor blades 19.022 TU-827.6 1-3 40.60 Sheet Metal Steel Historic 3745 2010.0fragments of sheet metal;likely corrugated roofing and can fragments 19.023 TU-827.6 1-3 40.60 Lighting Glass Glass Historic Lighting 4 0.9 thin walled lighting glass hurricane 19.024 TU-827.6 1-3 40.60 Window Glass Glass Historic Building 2 3.3 19.032 TU-827.6 1-3 40.60 Porites sp.Pebble Coral Manuport 4 3.3 20.001 TU-827.6 1-4 60.70 Colorless Bottle Glass Historic Container 1 0.2 fragment of blue on white transfer Blue Transfer Printed printed earthenwaredepicting building 20.002 TU-827.6 1-4 60.70 Earthenware Ceramic Historic Tableware 1 5.3 foundation and rocks ofwillow pattern; Willow pattern was designed in 1780s and is still in production to this day Blue Transfer Printed fragment of blue on white transfer 20.003 TU-827.6 1-4 60.70 Earthenware Ceramic Historic Tableware 1 0.4 printed earthenware of indeterminate vessel type undecorated white earthernware of 20.004 TU-827.6 1-4 60.70 White Earthenware Ceramic Historic Tableware 2 1.1 indeterminate vessel type 20.005 TU-827.6 1-4 60.70 Sheet Metal Steel Historic 26 20.9 fragments of sheet metal;likely corrugated roofing and can fragments 20.006 TU-827.6 I-4 60.70 Lighting Glass Glass Historic Lighting 2 0.2 thin walled lighting glass hurricane fragments TOTAL NUMBERAND WEIGHT OFARTIFACTS cmbd=cm below datum,TNF=Total number of fragments,WT=Weightin grams Table 14.Midden from Site 31147,Feature W,TU-827.6. Layer 1-1 Layer 1-2 Layer 1-3 Layer 1-4 TU-827.6Total Site 31147,Feature W,TU-827.6 0-20 cmbd 20-40 cmbd 40-60 cmbd 60-70 cmbd 0-70 cmbd TNF WT TNF WT TNF - TNF WT TNF WT TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES MAM14ALIA Bostaurus(cow) 3 138.5 5 306.2 8 444.7 Felis catus(cat) 27 16.2 1 0.7 28 16.9 Muridae Rattus norvegicus/Rattus rattus(Black or Norway rat) 5 1.5 5 1.5 Undetermined Mammal 13 8.9 2 4.6 15 13.5 Undetermined Avian 4 5.7 4 5.7 SUBTOTA 0 0 3 1 138.5 1 54 338.5 3 1 5.3 60 1 482.3 MACROFLORAL 77 Charred wood 16 1.0 2 0.1 18 1.1 Aleuritesmolluccana(burned) 7 2.7 16 2.9 23 5.6 Aleuritesmolluccana(unburned) 1 2.4 SUBTOTAL 1 2.4 7 2.7 32 3.9 2 0.1 42 9.1 TOTAL 1 2.4 10 141.2 86 342.4 5 5.4 102 491.4 c%bd=cm belowdatum,TNF=Total number of fragments,WT=Weight in grams HAUN &ASSOCIATES 79 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 i + 1 4}yC Figure 71.Post-excavation photograph of TU-827.6(view to north). ` tt A• 1 Figure 72.Fragments of glass flask from Site 31147,Feature W,TU-827.6(Acc.No.18.001). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 80 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 Figure 73.Glazed ceramics from Site 31147,Feature W,TU-827.6(Acc.No.18.003). Figure 74.Glazed ceramics from Site 31147,Feature W,TU-827.6(Acc. No. 19.007). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 81 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 1:• �f Figure 75.Glazed ceramic from Site 31147,Feature W,TU-827.6(Acc.No.20.002). Figure 76.Glazed ceramic from Site 31147,Feature W,TU-827.6(Acc. No. 19.008). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 82 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 i` r r d Figure 77.Colorless glass jar from Site 31147,Feature W,TU-827.6(Acc.No.19.001). F� f .1 Y 4 -f ,y. .a�.0 Figure 78.Glass medicine bottle from Site 31147,Feature W,TU-827.6(Acc.No.19.004). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 83 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 TU-827.1a West wall profile 0 Datum Layer 0.25 1 Layer 11 0.5 1 I 1 I- 1 n Bedrock -0.75 meters L _ _ _ — _ _ _ _ 22 _ — _ _ _ _ ! _ _110 meters Layer I-Very dark brown(10YR 2/2)moderately compact silt with 69%subangular vesicular boulder,cobble and pebble inclusions; cultural material present Layer II-Very dark grayish brown(10YR 3/2)moderately compact silt with 75%subangular vesicular cobble and pebble inclusions; cultural material present Figure 79.Site 31147,Paris Hotel location,TU-827.1a,west wall profile. stem, 14 fragments of writing slate, a glass bead,three pieces of sheet metal,24 fragments of window glass,three pieces of mortar, an aluminum can, 14 pieces of bottle glass, a canning lid, a metal strap, and 27 nails (Table 15). Midden from this layer consists of three marine shell fragments,one pig bone,two small mammal bone fragments, 69 fragments of charred wood,20 burned kukui nutshell pieces and five fragments of unburned kukui nutshell(Table Table 16). Layer II is 0.1 to 0.25 meters(30-60 cmbd)of very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moderately compact silt with 75% subangular vesicular cobbles and pebble inclusions. Cultural material from Layer 11 consists of three fragments of charred wood and a fragment of a square nail. Bedrock is situated below the Layer 11 soil (Figure 80). Several artifacts recovered from this unit are temporally diagnostic.The Kaolin pipe stem (Acc No. 1.013) is a 5/8- inch length fragment of white clay pipe stem with 1/16-inch bore diameter indicating likely manufacture between 1750-1800 (Figure 81; https://www.nps.gov/archeology). The canning jar lid fragments (Acc. No. 1.006) were invented by John L. Mason (patent#22,186) in 1858 for an improved screw neck bottle that would be compatible with a threaded zinc lid (https://sha.org/bottle/closures). Site 31147 is interpreted as a complex of historic habitation and livestock control features that are potentially associated with the Paris Hotel that once existed on the property. The Feature A platform, the Feature C walled terrace,the Feature G and Feature H retaining walls,and the Feature I wall are interpreted as historic activity areas used during the occupation of the site based on formal type.The Feature B trail is assigned a transportation feature used to access portions of the site and the Feature T platform may have functioned as the foundation for a water tank. Feature K through Feature S are interpreted as livestock control pens based on formal type and method of construction. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 84 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 -0 0 8 : 0 0 4 Report No . 827 -031821 Table 15.Artifacts from Site 31147,location of Paris Hotel,TU-827.1a. Excavation Depth Size Length Width Thickness Acc.No. Layer Specimen Material Type TNF Weight Comment Unit cmbd Range mm mm mm 1.001 TU-827.1a 1-1 0-20 Patent Medicine Glass Historic Container 2 0.7 fragments of colorless glass Bottle sunken panel bottle 1.002 TU-827.1a 1-1 0-20 Colorless Bottle Glass Historic Container 2 0.5 fragments of colorless bottle 1.003 TU-827.1a I-1 0-20 Amber Bottle Glass Historic Container 2 1.1 fragments of amber bottle; likely beer 1.004 TU-827.1a -1 0-20 Green Bottle Glass Historic Container 3 1.7 fragments of green bottle; likely beer 1.005 TU-827.1a 1-1 0-20 Aluminum Can Aluminum Historic Container 1 0.1 fragment of beerorsoda can fragments of 2.75'diameter canningjar lid;John L. Mason was issued patent 1.006 TU-827.1a 1-1 0-20 Canning Lid Zinc Historic Container 2 0.6 #22,186 in1858foran improved screw neck bottle that would be compatible with a threaded zinc lid 1.007 TU-827.1a 1-1 0-20 Square Nail Iron Historic Hardware 4 1 24.9 1 1 12.5 length 1.008 TU-827.1a 1-1 0-20 Square Nail Iron Historic Hardware 6 17.4 1.25'length 1.009 TU-827.1a 1-1 0-20 Square Nail Iron Historic Hardware 10 16.5 Fragment 1.010 TU-827.1a -1 0-20 Metal Strap Iron Historic Hardware 1 4.1 1.25'length fragment of 3/8" strap 1.011 TU-827.1a 1-1 0-20 Window Glass Glass Historic Building 21 6.5 1.012 TU-827.1a -1 0-20 Mortar Sand,Lime Historic Building 1 4.8 fragment of building mortar for masonry 5/8"length fragment of 1.013 TU-827.1a 1-1 0-20 Kaolin Pipe Ceramic Historic 1 0.7 white clay pipe stem with 1/16"bore diameter 1.014 TU-827.1a I-1 0-20 Bead Glass Historic 1 1.4 1/2"length oval aqua glassbead with 1/4"diameter 1.015 TU-827.1a 1-1 0-20 Writing Slate Slate Historic 10 4.8 1.016 TU-827.1a 1-1 0-20 Core Volcanic Glass Multidirectional 1 48.6 L 35.7 33.3 26.8 1.017 TU-827.1a 1-1 0-20 Secondary Flake Volcanic Glass Debitage 1 0.4 M 1.018 TU-827.1a 1-1 0-20 Tertiary Flake Volcanic Glass Debitage 1 0.2 M 1.019 TU-827.1a 1-1 0-20 Tertiary Flake Volcanic Glass Debitage 1 0.3 S fragments of green bottle with 1"crown cap finish; William Painterwas issued 2.001 TU-827.1a 1-2 20-40 Green Bottle Glass Historic Container 3 8.2 patent#486,226 in 1892fora bottle sealing device that would become known as the crown cap 2.002 TU-827.1a I-2 20-40 Olive Bottle Glass Historic Container 2 1.2 fragments of olive bottle; likely wine 2.003 TU-827.1a 1-2 20-40 Square Nail Iron Historic Hardware 1 3.7 2.5 length 2.004 TU-827.1a I-2 20-40 Square Nail Iron Historic Hardware 4 9.9 Fragment 2.005 TU-827.1a 1-2 20-40 Wire Nail Fragment Steel Historic Hardware 2 1.0 fragments of sheet metal; 2.006 TU-827.1a 1-2 20-40 Sheet Metal Steel Historic 3 1.7 likely can fragments or corrugated roofing 2.007 TU-827.1a 1-2 20-40 Window Glass Glass Historic Building 3 0.9 2.008 TU-827.1a -2 20-40 Mortar Sand,Lime Historic Building 2 12.7 fragments of building mortar for masonry 2.009 TU-827.1a 1-2 20-40 Writing Slate Slate Historic 4 2.5 2.014 TU-827.1a 1-2 20-40 Waterworn Pebble Basalt Manuport 1 118.9 2.015 TU-827.1a 1-2 20-40 Waterworn Shell Gastropod Shell Manuport 2 0.6 3.001 TU-827.1a II-3 40-60 Square Nail Iron Historic Hardware 1 2.9 Fragment OL TOTAL NUMBER AND WEIGHTOFARTIFACTS 99 1 299.5 AL cmbd=cm below datum,TNF=Total number of fragments,WT=Weight in grams,Size range S=Small,M=Medium,L=Large HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 85 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 Table 16.Midden from TU-827.1a,location of Paris Hotel. Layer 1-1 Layer 1-2 Layer 11-3 TU-827.1a Total Site 31147,Location of Paris Hotel,TU-827.1a 0-20 cmbd 20-40 cmbd 40-60 cmbd 0-60 cmbd TNF WT TNF WT TNF WT TNF WT MARINE INVERTEBRATES GASTROPODA Neritidae Nerito piceo 2 0.9 2 0.9 Nacellidae Cellono sp. 1 0.5 1 0.5 SU B TOTAL 3 1.4 0 0 0 0 3 1.4 TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES MAMMALIA Suidae Sus scrofa (pig) 1 0.2 1 0.2 Undetermined Mammal 2 1 0.7 1 1 1 1 2 0.7 SUBTOTAL 2 1 11111001 1 1 0.2 0 0 3 0.9 MACROFLORAL Charred wood 19 1.9 50 5.9 3 0.8 72 8.6 Aleurites molluccona (burned) 11 1.4 9 0.9 20 2.3 Aleuritesmolluccona (unburned) 4 1.9 1 0.7 5 2.6 SU B TOTAL 34 5.2 60 7.5 3 0.8 97 13.5 TOTALI 39 1 7.3 1 61 7.7 1 3 1 0.8 1 103 15.8 cmbd=cm below datum,TNF=Total number of fragments,WT=Weight in grams i t a. ff� J 4 Figure 80.Post-excavation photograph of TU-827.1a(view to north). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 86 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 .:t .YNr Figure 81.Kaolin pipe stem from location of Paris Hotel,TU-827.1a(Acc.No.1.013). The Feature D, Feature F and Feature W stone-lined pits,the Feature J lava blister, and the Feature V concrete pad are assigned storage functions.The Feature V concrete pad appears to have served as a cesspool, and the Feature D, Feature F and Feature W stone-lined functioned as probable cesspools or potentially water storage features. Feature E wooden structure and potentially the Feature U concrete pad are interpreted as bathroom features based on their formal type and proximity to adjacent cesspools. Site 31147 is altered and in fair condition. The site is assessed as significant per HAR§13-284-6 under Criterion"b"based on its association with the Reverend John Davis Paris and his family and under Criterion d (information content).The site is recommended for no further work HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 87 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - On8 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 CONCLUSION Discussion The archaeological inventory survey results partly conform to the expectations derived from historical and archaeological background research. This research indicated that the parcel would potentially contain evidence of ranching activity and historic use likely associated with the Paris home,which subsequently served as the Paris Hotel. Sites 31144,31145 and 31146 consist of cattle walls that extend along the north,east and south boundaries of the project area respectively.These sites likely post-date the early 1800s when free-ranging cattle became a problem in the Kona region. Site 31147 consists of a complex of features that are associated with Paris home and subsequent hotel. According to the landowner,the large enclosures noted at Site 31147 functioned as cattle corrals and pig pens.The hotel was operated by the Paris family from the late 19th Century and was demolished in 2008. A total of 6.5 sq meters of excavation were undertaken at Site 31147 during the project. A total of 6,038 artifacts and 803 midden items were recovered,the vast majority of which are historic in nature.These consist of household debris (bottles,jars, cans, ceramics, a door latch, a button, a glass bead, writing slate fragments, and a Kaolin pipe stem), and construction materials(square and wire nails,window glass,sheet metal,and mortar fragments).Cow,goat and pig bones were also recovered with the animal husbandry activities described by the landowner. Small quantities of indigenous cultural material was also recovered(marine shell,basalt and volcanic glass);however no pre-contact cultural deposits are present. The absence of pre-contact sites is likely due to the historic land modifications associated with the use of the parcel by the Paris family. Significance Assessments The sites identified during the survey is assessed for significance based on Hawai'i Administrative Rules (HAR) §13- 284-6. According to (HAR) §13-284-6 (b), a site must possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship,feeling,and/or association and shall meet one or more of the following criteria: 1. Criterion "a": Be associated with events that have made an important contribution to the broad patterns of our history; 2. Criterion "b": Be associated with the lives of persons important in our past; 3. Criterion "c": Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction; represent the work of a master; or possess high artistic value; 4. Criterion "d": Have yielded, or is likely to yield, information important for research on prehistory or history; and 5. Criterion"e":Have an important traditional cultural value to the native Hawaiian people or to another ethnic group of the state due to associations with traditional cultural practices once carried out,or still carried out, at the property or due to associations with traditional beliefs,events or oral accounts—these associations being important to the group's history and cultural identity. The sites in the project area possess integrity of location,design,setting,materials,and workmanship.All of the sites are assessed as significant under Criterion "d". The sites have yielded information important for understanding historic habitation and animal husbandry activity in the area. Site 31147 is additional assessed as significant under Criterion "b" based on the site's association with the Reverend John Davis Paris and his family. Treatment Recommendations The landowner plans to construct a small, approximately 14-lot residential subdivision within the project area.The documentation of Site 31144, Site 31145, Site 31146, and Site 31147 adequately document them and no further work or preservation is recommended. The landowner however has stated that the Site 31144, 31145 and 31146 HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 88 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 Report No . 827 - 031821 walls will not impacted by development and will be avoided during construction, except for potential limited breaching for access and utilities. The proposed activity, which will include mass grading of the parcel, will have no effect on the historic properties due to the aforementioned recommendations. Archaeological monitoring of future ground altered disturbance is however recommended at the request of SHPD.The monitoring work will be guided by an Archaeological Monitoring Plan (AMP) prepared for SHPD review and acceptance. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 89 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 -0 0 8 : 0 0 4 Report No . 827 -031821 TRANSLATION OF HAWAIIAN WORDS' ahupua'a-traditional Hawaiian land unit usually extending from the uplands to the sea heiau- Pre-Christian place of worship,shrine holua-sled,especially the ancient sled used on grassy slopes;the sled course. 'ili -land section, next in importance to ahupua'a and usually a subdivision of an ahupua'a konohiki-headman of an ahupua'a land division under the chief kuleana-small piece of property,as within an ahupua'a Whele-land division of 1848 makai-seaward mauka-inland pahoehoe -smooth, unbroken type of lava,contrasting with a'a lava pali -Cliff, precipice,steep hill or slope ti—ki;a woody plant(Cordyline terminalis) in the lily family from wehewehe.org HAUN &ASSOCIATES 90 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 -0 0 8 : 0 0 4 Report No . 827 -031821 REFERENCES Allen, M.S. 1984 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey,Waiono Meadows Development Project Area,Puapua'a 1st and 2nd,Holualoa 1st and 2nd,North Kona, Island of Hawaii(TMK:7-5-15:2,12 and 7-6-2:1,14). PHRI Report 119-070584. Prepared for Waiono Meadows Ranch, Ltd. Alexander,J. 1888 Mission Life in Hawaii. Memoir of Rev. William P.Alexander. Pacific Press Publishing Company: Oakland,CA. Anderson, M. 1865 Scenes in the Hawaiian Islands and California. Cornhill Press: Dakin and Metcalf, Boston. Archives Division of the Hawai'i Department of Accounting and General Services. 2020 www.ags.hawaii.gov/survey/map-search Barrera,W. 1990 Ka'awaloa, South Kona, Hawaii Island: Archaeological Survey and Reconnaissance. CHINIAGO, Inc. report prepared for Alex Smith,Captain Cook, Hawai'i Beamer, Kamanamaikalani 2014 No Makou Ka Mana Liberating a Nation. Kamehameha Publishing 2014, Honolulu, HI. Burtchard,G.C. 1995 Population and Land Use on the Keauhou Coast,the Mauka Land Inventory Survey, Keauhou, North Kona, Hawaii Island, Part 1: Narrative Volume. International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc. Prepared for Belt Collins and Associates and Kamehameha Investment Corporation. Burt, R. 2003 Mail from Hawai'i.Western Express. Part 11. Mail from Hart's P.O., Hudsonville and Kaawaloa. Chinen,J. 1958 The Great Mahele:Hawaii's Land Division of 1848. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. Clark,S.,and D. Gosser 2006 Addendum:Archaeological Inventory Survey of the Proposed Mamalahoa Bypass—Mamalahoa Highway —Napo'opo'o Road Interchange(Portions ofTMK 8-1-9:04,05,and 08, Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a,South Kona District, Island of Hawai'i, State of Hawai'i. PCSI report. Prepared for1250 Oceanside Partners, Inc., Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. Clark, M.,and R. Rechtman 2002 Data Recovery Investigation at SIHP Sites 13658 and 13659 (TMK: 3-8-1-10:05 por.), Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a,South Kona District, Island of Hawai'i. Rechtman Consulting Report RC-0025. Prepared for Pali K Ranch,Captain Cook, Hawaii. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 91 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 - 031821 2003 Addendum Archaeological Inventory Survey of a Portion of Skycliff Ranch (TMK:3-8-1-10:02 por.), Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a,South Kona District, Island of Hawai'i. Rechtman Consulting Report RC-0085. Prepared for Ka'awaloa Coffee Farm, LLC,Captain Cook, Hawai'i. Clark, M., R. Rechtman,and A.Yoklavich 2011 An Archaeological and Architectural Inventory Survey of Mauna 'Alani (TMK: (3)8-1-09:001), Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a,South Kona District, Island of Hawai'i. Rechtman Consulting Report RC-0650. Prepared for Margaret Schattauer,Captain Cook, Hawai'i. Clark, M.,J. Nelson,and R. Rechtman 2014 An Archaeological Inventory Survey of Sections of the Mamalahoa Highwsy and Napo'opo'o Road Rights- of-Way (and Portions of Adjacent Parcels) for the Construction of the Proposed Mamalahoa Bypass Interchange. Portions of TMKs: (3) 8-7-06: 062, 074, 188; 8-1-08: 003, 004, 005, 020, 021; and 8-1-09: 006, 007, 010, 011, 011, 012, 013, 050, 057, 999. Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a, South Kona District, Island of Hawai'i.ASM Project Number 22590.01 prepared for County of Hawai'i, Hilo. Clark, M., M.Strubel,and R. Rechtman 2003 Archaeological Data Recovery Investigations at SIHP Sites 13658,23365,and 23367(TMK:3-8-1-10:02), Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a,South Kona District, Island of Hawai'i. Rechtman Consulting Report RC-0156. Prepared for Ka'awaloa Coffee, LLC,Captain Cook, Hawai'i. Conde,J.,and G. Best 1973 Sugar Trains:Narrow Gauge Rails of Hawai'i. Felton,California: Glenwood Publishers County of Hawai'i Real Property Tax and TMK Maps 2020 www.hawaiicounty.gov Cordy, R. 1995 Central Kona Archaeological Settlement Patterns. State Historic Preservation Division, DLNR, State of Hawai'i. Prepared for the Planning Department,County of Hawai'i. DLNR(Department of Land and Natural Resources) 2003 Hawai'i Administrative Rules, Title 13, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Subtitle 13, State Historic Preservation Division Rules. Dye,T.,and E. Komori 1992 A Precensal Population History of Hawai'i. New Zealand Journal of Archaeology,Volume 14. FR n.d. Foreign Register of Kuleana Claims Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawai'i State Archives. FT n.d. Foreign Testimony Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawai'i State Archives. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 92 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 0 0 8 : 0 0 4 Report No . 827 - 031821 Giambelluca,T.W.,Q.Chen,A.G. Frazier,J.P. Price,Y.-L. Chen, P.-S.Chu,J.K. Eischeid,and D.M. Delparte 2013 Online Rainfall Atlas of Hawai'i.Bull.Amer.Meteor.Soc.94,313-316,doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00228.1. Gotay,T.,and R. Rechtman 2016 An Archaeological Inventory Survey for the Proposed Kona Faith Church,TMKs: (3)8-1-008:021 and 020 por., Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a,South Kona District, Island of Hawai'i. ASM Project Number 25850 prepared for Jason Meechan. Hawaii Cattlemen's Council website 2020 www.hicattle.org Hammatt, H., P.Walsh,J. Robins, M. Stride and T. Barr 1995 Archaeological Inventory Survey and Limited Subsurface Testing of a 500-acre Parcel in the Ahupua'a of Keopuka, District of South Kona, Island of Hawai'i (TMK: 3-8-1:06-11, 13-19). Cultural Surveys Hawaii report prepared for 1250 Oceanside Partners. Hammatt, H.and W. Folk 1980 Archaeological Survey, Phase 1: Portions of Keauhou-Kona Resort, Keauhou and Kahalu'u, Kona, Hawai'i Island.Archaeological Research Center Hawaii, Inc. Report ARCH 14-177 11.1 prepared for Kamehameha Investment Corporation. Hammatt, H. and S.Clark 1980 Archaeological Testing and Salvage Excavations of a 155 Acre Parcel in Na Ahupua'a Pahoehoe, La'aloa and Kapala'aea, Kona, Hawai'i. Archaeological Research Center Hawaii Report 14-152 111. Prepared for Pacific Basin Resorts, Inc. Haun,A.,J.D. Henry,J.Jimenez, M. Kirkendall, K. Maly,and T. Wolforth. 1998 Ali'i Highway, Phased Mitigation Program, Phase I — Archaeological Inventory Survey. North Kona District, Island of Hawaii. PHRI report 1320 prepared for County of Hawaii. Haun,A.,and D. Henry 2000 Archaeological Data Recovery,Sites 21848 and 21881, Lands of Hienaloli 1-2, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii. Haun &Associates report 021 prepared for Yamanaka Enterprises, Hilo. 2019 Archaeological Inventory Survey,TMK: (3) 8-1-6:056, Keopuka Ahupua'a,South Kona District, Island of Hawai'i. Haun &Associates report 1533 prepared for Lisa and Magdalino Malapit. Head,J. 1994 Addendum: Ka'awaloa,South Kona, Hawaii Island:Archaeological Inventory Survey and Data Recovery. James Head, B.A. Report prepared for Ka'awaloa Orchards,Captain Cook, Hawai'i. N,J.P. 1959 Fragment of Hawaiian History.Bishop Museum Special Publication 70. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. Indices 1929 Indices of Awards Made by the Board of Land Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. Territory of Hawai'i, Honolulu. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 93 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 -008 : 004 Report No . 827 -031821 Ke Ola Magazine website 2021 KeOlamagazine.com Kamakau,S. 1961 Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii. Honolulu:The Kamehameha Schools Press. Kawachi,C. 1989 An Upland Habitation and Agricultural Complex in North Kona, Hawai'i Island. Master's Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Hawai'i. Kelly, M. 1983 Na Mala O Kona.A History of Land Use in Kona, Hawai'i.Departmental Report Series 83-2. Department of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Prepared for the Department of Transportation, State of Hawai'i. Kinney, H. W. 1913 The Island of Hawaii. Hicks-Judd Company,San Francisco Ledyard,J. 1963 John Ledyard's Journal of Captain Cook's Last Voyage. Oregon State University Press. Maly, K.,and H.Wong Smith 1999 A Report of Archival-Historical Documentary Research, Oral History Interviews and Assessment of Cultural Impacts, He Wahi Mo'olelo No Kona, Na Ahupua'a O Keauhou 2"d, Honalo, Ma'ihi 1-2, Kuamo'o 1-3, Kawanui 1-2, Lehu'ula 1-2 Honua'ino 1-4, Hokukano 1-2, Kanueue 1-2, Haleki'i, Ke'eke'e 1-2, 'Ilikahi, Kanakau 1-2, Kalukalu, Onouli 1-2, Keopuka 1-2, and Ka'awaloa, Districts of North and South Kona, Island of Hawaii. Prepared for Oceanside 1250 Partners by Kumu Pono Associates. Maly, K.,and O. Maly 2001 A Historical Overview of the Lands,and Trails Traveled between Keauhou and Kealakekau, Kona, Hawaii: A Study of Archival-Historical Documentary Literature, Oral History — Consultation Interviews, and Kama'aina Recommendations on Site Preservation in the Lands of Keauhou, Honalo, Ma'ihi, Kuamo'o, Kawanui, Lehu'ula, Honua'ino, Hokukano, Kanueue, Haleki'i, Ke'eke'e, 'Ilikahi, Kanakau, Kalukalu, Onouli, Keopuka, Ka'awaloa, and Kealakekua, Districts of North and South Kona, Island of Hawaii (TMK Overview Sheets—7-9, 8-1, 8-2. Prepared for Na Ala Hele Program Manager (Hawaii Island) by Kumu Pono Associates McGerty, L.,and R.Spear 2000 Oral History Interviews and an Assessment of Cultural Impacts for Keopuka, South Kona, Hawaii Island (TMK:8-1-7:01,54,55).SCS Project 211-2 prepared for Pacific Star, LLC. Menzies,Archibald 1920 Hawaii Nei 128 Years Ago. W. F.Wilson, Honolulu. Michigan State University 2021 (http://campusarch.msu.edu/). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 94 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 - 008 : 004 Report No . 827 -031821 Miner,T.,J. Henry, D. Berrigan 2010 Draft Archaeological Monitoring Report Mamalahoa Highway M.P. 110.4(FHWA 07)&Napo'opo'o Road M.P. (FHWA 08) Repairs Kiholo bay Earthquake Lands of Ka'awaloa and Kahauloa 1,South Kona District, Island of Hawai'I (TMK:8-1-09 & 8-3-03). Haun &Associates. Prepared for CTS Earthmoving, Holualoa, Hawai'i. Moffat, R. M. and G.L. Kirkpatrick 1995 Surveying the Mahele: Mapping the Hawaiian Land Revolution. Palapala'aina. Honolulu: Editions Limited. Newman,T.S. 1970 Hawaiian Fishing and Farming on the Island of Hawai'i in A.D. 1778. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of State Parks. NR n.d. Native Register of Kuleana Claims Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawai'i State Archives. NT n.d. Native Testimony Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawai'i State Archives. Paris,J. 1926 Fragments of Real Missionary Life. :from the Recollections of Rev.John Davis Paris.The Friend,Honolulu. Porter, M. 1926 Fragments of Real Missionary Life. From the Recollections of Reverend John Davis Paris. Honolulu 1926 Rechtman, R. 1999 Archaeological Inventory Survey of the Norrie Property. Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a, South Kona, Island of Hawai'i. PHRI Report 1978-090799. Prepared for Mr. Christopher Norrie, Pali-K Ranch, LLC, Captain Cook, Hawai'i. 2001a Archaeological Inventory Survey of TMK: 3-8-1-09:15, Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a, South Kona District, Island of Hawai'i. Rechtman Consulting Report RC-0083. Prepared for Gerald Nishihara,Captain Cook, Hawai'i. 2001b Archaeological Inventory Survey of a Portion of Skycliff Ranch (TMK: 3-8-1-10:02 por.), Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a, South Kona District, Island of Hawai'i. Rechtman Consulting Report RC- 0085. Prepared for Skycliff Ranch, LLC,Captain Cook, Hawai'i. 2012 An Archaeological Preservation Plan for Site 50-10-47-7951, Mauna 'Alani (TMK: (3) 8-1-09:001), Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a,South Kona District, Island of Hawai'i. Rechtman Consulting Report prepared for Margaret Schattauer,Captain Cook, Hawai'i. Rechtman, R.,and D. Dougherty 2000 An Archaeological Inventory Survey of TMK: 3-8-1-09:40, Ka'awaloa Ahupua'a, North Kona District, Island of Hawai'i. Rechtman Consulting Report RC-0020. Prepared for Christopher Norrie, Pali-K Ranch, LLC,Captain Cook, Hawai'i. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 95 TMK : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 -008 : 004 Report No . 827 -031821 Reddit.com 2021 https://Patentimages.storage.googleapis.com). Reinecke,J. 1930 Archaeology of Kona. Ms on file Dept.of Anthropology, Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Robbins,J.R., R. Ness,and S.Williams(revised by R.Spear) 2001 Archaeological Inventory Survey of the Proposed Mamalahoa Bypass Road Corridor in the Ahupua'a of Keauhou 2, Honalo, Ma'ihi 1-2, Kuamo'o 1-3, Kawanui 1-2, Lehu'ula 1-2 Honua'ino 1-4, Hokukano 1-2, Kanueue 1-2, Haleki'i, Ke'eke'e 1-2, 'llikahi, Kanakau, Onouli 1-2, Keopuka, and Ka'awaloa, North and South Kona Districts, Island of Hawaii, Hawaii. Prepared for Oceanside 1250 Partners by Ogden Environmental and Energy Services Co., Inc. Rosendahl, M.,and P.Jensen 2001 Archaeological Inventory Survey,Onouli Subdivision Project Area, Lands of Onouli and Keopuka,South Kona District, Island of Hawaii. PHRI report 394 prepared for Wilson,Okamoto&Associates. Revised in 2001. Sato, H.H.,W. Ikeda, R. Paeth, R.Smythe,and M.Takehiro,Jr. 1973 Soil Survey of the Island of Hawaii, State of Hawaii. U.S. Department of Agriculture,Soil Conservation Service and University of Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station.Washington, D.C.:Government Printing Office. Schilt,A. 1984 Subsistence and Conflict in Kona, Hawai'i.An Archaeological Study of the Kuakini Highway Realignment Corridor.Departmental Report Series 84-1. Department of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Prepared for Department of Transportation,State of Hawai'i. Schmitt, R. 1973 Missionary Census of Hawaii. Pacific Anthropological Records, No.20. Department of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Schworer Volkswagon 2021 https://www.schworervolkswagen.com/blog/when-was-safety-glass-first-used-in-cars Smith, M. 1991 Historical Overview: Kealakekua Bay State Historical Park and Surrounding Area, South Kona, Island of Hawai'i. Department of Land and Natural Resources Division of State Parks. Prepared for State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources Division of State Parks, Outdoor Recreation and Historic Sites. Spode History 2021 https://spodehistory.blogspot.com Society of Hawaiian Archaeology website 2021 www.sha.org HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 96 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 -0 0 8 : 0 0 4 Report No . 827 -031821 Soehren, L. 1980 Archaeological Reconnaissance.TMK:8-1-07: por 1,situated at Keopuka,South Kona, Hawaii. Prepared for Wilson,Okamoto&Associates. 1981 Letter Report of an Archaeological and Historical Survey of TMK: 7-9-10:1,6,78. Prepared for Phillips, Brandt, Reddick and Associates, Inc. Speakman,C.E.,Jr. 1978 An Informal History of the Hawaiian Island. San Rafael: Pueo Press. Stokes and Dye 1991 Heiau of the Island of Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Anthropology 2. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. The Hawaiian University of Hawai'i at Manoa online library 2018 www.magis.manoa.hawaii.edu Thrum,T.G 1908 Heiaus and Heiau Sites Throughout the Hawaiian Islands. Island of Kauai.Hawaiian Almanac and Annual 1907:36-44. Honolulu:Thos.G.Thrum. U.S.Climate Data website 2018 www.usclimatedata.com United States Geological Society(USGS) 2020 www.usgs.gov Waihona'Aina Corporation 2020 The Mahele Database,waihona.com. Walker,A., L. Kalima,and S. Goodfellow 1991 Archaeological Inventory Survey, Kealakekua Ranch Development, Ka'awaloa Parcel, Land of Ka'awaloa, South Kona District, Island of Hawaii (TMK: 3-8-1-10:por 2). PHRI Report 770 prepared for Belt, Collins &Associates. Wehewehe.org 2020 Hawai'i Electronic Library -Na Puke Wehewehe 'Olelo Hawaii Wikipedia 2021 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willow pattern Wolfe, E.,and J. Morris 2001 Geological Map of the Island of Hawai'i. U.S. Department of the Interior. U.S Geological Survey. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 97 T M K : ( 3 ) 8 - 1 -0 0 8 : 0 0 4 Report No . 827 -031821 APPENDIX A - MASTER ACCESSION RECORD HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 98 TUK : ( 3 ) a - 1 -ooa : o o4 ' Report No . 827 -o a 1a 21 \ \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \� \\\ \ \ \ \ \\ ! r § }! 7 / / / / / - - - - - - _ - - - - „ ! : > , , , [ , _ - - - - : - - - - : [ : - - / / / / jjl � � - ti � ) � � � � � - ! \ } } \ \ \ \ \ \ ru -61. / \ \ \\ : } \ \ ®\ \ ` {\ zzzzz : : : : 22222 2 222222 2 222222222222 2 222 . . . . . . . . . . . . \ \ \ \ H&UN &ASSOcITES99 TUK : ( a ) a - 1 -ooa : oo4 ' Report No . 827 -o a 1a 21 o _ oc \ � 2 ` | ! !! , ; , 1., , H & cn , vv vv , ) � z : \ : : : : : mo mo E `� \ 2222 ) ) ) _ : \ \ ° 2 � \ u � C ) ) � ! / ) !i / / ! / / / / / / / / ! ! § § 2222 § 2222 § § § § § § § § § 2 § § § § § {\ 22m22222222 : : 2 2 2222 2 22222 222 22222222222 H&UN &ASSOcITES100 TUK : ( 38 - 1 -008 : 004 ' Report No . 827 -011821 \((\j | ) � \\\ \ / (\ j \ - J » ~ tuj : { lzj < _ \) {/{) 2 / ; £ _/ - z _ \® ) } MJ :-=z \ ` _ )) \ \}ƒ\ ) - - \ \) � ! ! !! : ! / / : : / / : \ \ \ � ) rr ) / 44 / / - - , - - ^ u , : / Iv f \ ® ! « ) f - - 44 ® ® ° } ) 4 $ a \ } { ) { } } ` ) ° ` \ {\ 2222222 2 2 22222222222m22 meeeeeeeee 2 H&UN &ASSOCITES101 TUK : ( a ) a - 1 -ooa : oo4 ' Report No . 827 -0 a 18 21 / \ \ \ \ \ \ � \ \ \ \ \ \ � 2 ` | ! )! !! ; 2 § \ : : ; : : : : a ; \ : : : § ; ; zJ2 ; / : : \ : : 24 : 24 : \ : - - ! ! @ : - - _ - - - - - \ - - \ - ] ! t ) j2 / / ) ) / / / ) § j ! 2 / / § j ! / - ; - ; ; ; _ : : ! : / � � � : ! : � � � \ . \ \ « e - ! « } : 2 ® \ = ! r ! 9 } $ E = r \ \ § $ g $ \ § § g \% 777777777 C,C,C, 2 7777 } C', \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\ - - - - - - - - --- - - - z - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ) § 4994 § ; / 06 06 06 06§ § § ) / / § § § ) } § § 5755 ) ® } ® « § « § H&UN &ASSOcITES102 TUK : ( a ) 8 - 1 -008 : 004 ' Report No . 827 -011821 } )[§ \ )\ \j v \ \\ \ < \\\\\\ \ \� \\\ \\\\ ( | ! w !J - > /\ : _ = G ) ; 22 ` � - } mo mo o ) ) ) � � : z : / ) ) ) zz / ) � : � : : : � ; , 2 : 31 ; . : ) m * : ` 2 ; ; : m : ; m : l : 4 ] - { } { » ) k { { \ ) \ f ) ) ) � \\ / } � - ° \ ) * \ ) \ © ^ ) & { 2 & & \ { ) 3 { ! 22 & { 34 / 333 ® - 3 ; 414141411412@1. @ ; ; _ {\ zzzzz - - - - - - 222222222222222222 : : : : : : : : u : : : : : : : : : : u : : : : aaa a #■ i§ g ) ) ) ) ) ) \ ) \ \ ) ) ) ) \ \ \ ) \ \ ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) H&UN &ASSOcITES103 TUK : ( 38 - 1 -008 : 004 ' Report No . 827 -011821 mo \\ \\ 1Iv v \ \ \ \ \ 2 ` | ! !! ■ � - - - - - - - : � - - � , - - � : - � - � - � - : : : : ) / : : : : : IV I IV 22 ` \ \ ` ° ` ` ` \ \ ° } IN 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 | * a * * * 4444 * * * * * * * a * a * * 4444 #■ ) ) ) ) \ ) \ \ ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) \ ) -1 -1 -1 -1 H&UN &ASSOcITES104 TUK : ( 38 - 1 -008 : 004 ' Report No . 827 -011821 cc ~ X41 - \ \ \ vv 6666 {\ \ : E �: - - _ - ` � \ 2 � | r )[ !! f24 ; : w « 2 ` ` \ � . } } } ~ \ ~ / / � : : : : : - - \ k ) / \ k ) ) Z § £ J j ; _ { ! } / ) } } \ \ \mv \ / \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 66666, ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ) 6666 \ \ 6666 \ \ \ 6666 \ \ \ \ \ 6666 \ | 4444 * * * a * * * * a 4444 * * * * * 4444 * #� ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) c3 ) ) ) ) ) ) \ H&UN &ASSOcITES105 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS COUNTY OF HAWAII H I LO, HAWAII DATE: May 9, 2022 ftewoft"464W TO: Zendo Kern, Planning Director FROM: Department of Public Works, Engineering Division SUBJECT: STATE LAND USE BOUNDARY AMENDMENT (PL-SLU-2022-000004) CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (PL-REZ-2022-000019) Request: A-1 a TO RS-10 Applicant: Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust TMK: 8-1-008:004 We have reviewed the subject application forwarded by your memo dated March 18, 2022, and offer the following comments for your consideration: 1 . All earthwork and grading activity shall conform to Chapter 10, Erosion and Sedimentary Control, of the Hawaii County Code. 2. The section of Hawaii Belt Road was part of the road swap between the County and the State, so as of December 7 of last year, that segment was transferred from the County to the State. 3. All development-generated runoff shall be disposed of on site and not directed toward any adjacent properties. A drainage study shall be prepared and the recommended drainage system shall be constructed meeting the approval of the Department of Public Works. The drainage study and improvements must be completed prior to the construction of any proposed structures. 4. The subject parcel is in an area designated as Zone X on the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Zone X is an area determined to be outside the 500-year floodplain. Questions may be referred to Bryce Harada at 961-8042. Planning Dep;. Exhibit 4 County of Hawaii is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer n�w:yrr;k y, DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY - COUNTY OF HAWAII •-a*� 345 KEKUANA0'ASTREET. SUITE 20 • HILO, HAWA1'I 96720 °F xnwtin. TELEPHONE (808)961-8050 - FAX (808) 961-8657 April 13, 2022 ODH PLANNING DEPT APR 13 2022 Amg:27 RECrD HAND DELIVERED TO: Mr. Zendo Kern. Director Planning Department FROM: Keith K. Okamoto, Manager—Chief Engineer Subject: State Land Use Boundary Amendment(PL-SLU-2022-000004) Request—Agricultural to Urban Change of Zone Application (PL-REZ-2022-000019) Request—Agricultural-1 Acre (A-la) to Single-Family Reside ntual-10,000 Square Feet (RS-10) Applicant— Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust Tax Map Key 8-1-008:004 We have received the subject application and have the following comments and conditions. Please be informed that a time extension for a commitment of 10.000 gallons per day at an average of 400 gallons per day, per unit, or 25 additional units of water, has been granted until June 30, 2022. Please keep in mind that the prompt payment of the annual commitment of$150.00 per unit, due by the 30"'of June, each year, will be the responsibility of the applicant. The Department assumes no responsibility in notifying applicants of the upcoming deadline. The water commitment is subject to the following conditions: 1. Submit a schedule for completion of the proposed development and utilization of the water commitment units. 2. Construct necessary water system improvements. Submit installation plans prepared by a professional engineer, registered in the State of Hawaii, for review and approval. 3. Remit the prevailing facilities charge (FC) balance. which is subject to change, as follows: FACILITIES CHARGE (FC): 25 units A $b 095.001unit $152,375.00 Total FC $152,375.00 Planning Dept. Exhibit 55 • Water, Our Most Precious&source. . . Kx Wai,4 7 ne. . . The Department of Water Supply is an Equal Opportunity provider and employer. Mr. tendo Kern, Director Page 2 April 13, 2022 CREDITS: Credit of 37% towards the total prevailing FC. which is subject to change, for drilling,casing, and outfitting a production well through KSA II ($56378.75) FC of 25 units @ $1,800.001unit (previously paid) ($45.000.00) Total WCD paid to date for 25 units, 23 payments g $150.00/unit ($86,250.00) ($187.628.75) Total FC Balance $0.00 This is due and payable upon completion of the installation of the required water system improvements and prior to final subdivision/development approval being granted. A final determination of the facilities charge balance will be made when water system improvements are satisfactorily completed or the project is bonded. At this time,the FC balance owed will be due and payable prior to final approval being granted. Additional facilities charges may be applied in the event that the facilities charge rate is increased. For your information, water commitment deposits are credited towards the final facilities charge requirement for the development. Note that the amount of water commitment deposit may exceed the prevailing facilities charge amount; for example, when requests for time extensions continue and are approved. Until the development is finally completed, these are separate and unrelated items. In the event that water commitment deposits exceed the facilities charge, no refunds are applicable, 4. Submit the appropriate documents. properly prepared and executed, to convey the water system improvements and necessary easements to the Water Board of the County of Hawai'i prior to final subdivision approval being granted. A registered land surveyor shall stamp and certify the metes and bounds description within the conveyance documents. However, prior to water meter services being granted to the development, or any lots within, the conveyance documents shall be accepted by the Water Board. 5. Comply with all other applicable policies and requirements of the Department's Rules and Regulations. Noncompliance may be cause for voiding this water commitment, at which time availability will be subject to change in accordance with prevailing water system conditions, policies_ and Rules and Regulations. Should there be any questions,please contact Troy Samura of our Water Resources and Planning Branch at (808) 961-8070, extension 255. Sincerely yours, Keith K. Okamoto, P.E. Manager-Chief Engineer TS:dfg copy - Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust JMSY os h, Mitchell D.Roth � .�� '� Ramzi I.Mansour Director Mayor Lee Lord �,;�, Brenda Iokepa-Moses Managing Director `° Deputy Director ' County of Hawaii DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 345 Kekuanao`a Street,Suite 41 -Hilo,Hawai'i 96720-cohdem@hawaiicounty.gov Ph: (808)961-8083 -Fax: (808)961-8086 MEMORANDUM TO: Zendo Kern, Director Planning Department FROM: Ramzi I. Mansour, Direct r Department of Environmental Management DATE: April 1, 2022 SUBJECT: State Land Use Boundary Amendment (PL-SLU-2022-000004) Request: Agricultural to Urban Change of Zone Application (PL-REZ-2022-000019) Request: Agricultural-1 Acre (A-la) to Single-Family Residential- 10,000 Square Feet (RS-10) Applicant: Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust Tax May Key: (3) 8-1-008:004, South Kona, Hawaii The Solid Waste Division has reviewed the subject application and offers the following comments and/or recommendations (contact the Solid Waste Division for details): ( ) No comments. (X) Commercial operations, State and Federal agencies, religious entities and non-profit organization may not use transfer stations for disposal. (X) Aggregates and any other construction/demolition waste should be responsibly reused to its fullest extent. ( ) Ample and equal room should be provided for rubbish and recycling. (X) Green waste may be transported to the green waste sites located at the West Hawaii Organics Facility and East Hawaii Organics Facility, or other suitable diversion programs. (X) Construction and demolition waste is prohibited at all County Transfer Stations. ( ) Submit Solid Waste Management Plan in accordance with attached guidelines. ( ) Existing Solid Waste Management Plan is to be followed. Provide update to the department on current status. ( ) Other: Planning Dept. Exhibit 6 County of Hawaii is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer � Ramzi I. Mansour, Director April 1, 2022 Page 2 The Wastewater Division has reviewed the subject application and offers the following comments and/or recommendations (contact the Wastewater Division for details): ( ) No comments. ( ) Require connection of existing and/or proposed structures to the public sewer in accordance with Section 21-5 of the Hawaii County Code. ( ) Require Council Resolution to approve sewer extension in accordance with Section 21- 26.1 of the Hawaii County Code. Complete Sewer Extension Application. ( ) Require extension of the sewer system to service the proposed subdivision in accordance with Section 23-85 of the Hawaii County Code. ( ) Check or line out as applicable: [ ] If required by the Director of the Department of Environmental Management("Director of DEM"), [ ] applicant shall conduct a sewer study in accordance with the applicable wastewater system design standards prior to approval to connect to the County sewer system. Applicant shall provide such sewer line or other facility improvements as the Director of DEM may reasonably require, which the sewer study may indicate are advisable for mitigation of impacts of the proposed project. Contact Wastewater Division Chief for details. ( ) Proposed activity may be subject to existing or future federal, state, or county regulation under Title 40 CFR 403.5, prohibiting discharge of certain pollutants into publicly owned treatment works. Contact the Hawaii Department of Health for information regarding pretreatment standards. (X) Applicant shall follow Department of Health regulations. ( ) Other: xM:p1s 2 HAWAII FIRE DEPARTMENT . COUNTY OF HAWAII . HILO, HAWAII 96720 DATE March 29, 2022 Memorandum TO Planning Department, County of Hawaii FROM Fire Inspector Edward Kawasaki, Fire Prevention Branch, County of Hawaii SUBJECT : PL-REZ-2022-000019 Applicant: Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust Request: Change of Zone—A-la to Single-Family Residential TMK: (3) 8-1-008:004, South Kona, Hawaii In regards to the above mentioned request, the new proposed subdivision shall have the proper infrastructure for Fire Department access and water supply for firefighting that meets the requirements of the Hawaii State Fire Code and the Hawaii County Code. Email questions or concerns to: edward.kawasaki@hawaiicounty.gov. Mahalo Edward Kawasaki Fire Inspector II Fire Prevention Branch Planning Dept. Exhibit 7 DAVID Y. IGE ELIZABETH A.CHAR,M.D. GOVERNOR OF HAWAII Rr 5ys>a DIRECTOR OF HEALTH f STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH P.o,Box 916 HILO,HAWAII 96721-0916 MEMORANDUM DATE: March 22, 2022 TO: Mr. Zendo Kern Planning Director, County of Hawaii FROM: Eric Honda District Environmental Health Program Chief SUBJECT: State Land Use Boundary Amendment(PL-SLU-2022-000004) Request: Agricultural to Urban Chand of Zone Application (PL-REZ-2022-000019) Request: Agricultural- 1 Acre to Single-Family Residecitial- 10,000 feet Applicant: Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust TMK: 8-1-008:004, South Kana, HI The applicant would need to meet the requirements of our Department of Health Air Pollution Rules, Chapter 60.1, Title 11, State of Hawaii for fugitive dust control. If there is need to discuss these requirements, please contact our Clean Air Branch staff at Ph. 933-0401. The Department of Health(DOH), Clean Water Branch (CWB) offers the following comments: Permit Issuance Any project and its potential impacts to State waters must meet the State's: 1) Antidegradation policy, which requires that the existing uses and the level of water quality necessary to protect the existing uses of the receiving State water be maintained and protected; 2) Designated uses, as determined by the classification of the receiving State waters; and 3) Water quality criteria [Hawaii Administrative Rules (HA R), Chapter 11-54], A Section 401 Water duality Certification (WQC) is required if your project/activity: - Requires a federal permit, license, certificate, approval, registration, or Statutory exemption; and - May result in a discharge into State waters. The term "discharge" is Planning Dept. defined in Clean Water Act, Subsections 502(16), 502(12), and 502(6). Exhibit 8 Zendo Kern March 23, 2022 Page 2 of 4 Examples of"discharge" include, but are not limited to, allowing the following pollutants to enter State waters from the surface or in-water: solid waste, rock/sand/dirt, heat, sewage, construction debris, any underwater work, chemicals, fugitive dust/spray/paint, agricultural wastes, biological materials, industrial wastes, concrete/sealant/epoxy, and washing/cleaning effluent. Determine if your project/activity requires a federal permit, license, certificate, approval, registration, or statutory exemption by contacting the appropriate federal agencies (e.g. Department of the Army (DA), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE), Pacific Ocean Division Honolulu District Office (POH)Tel: 808-835-4303; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tel: 415-947-8021; Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Tei: 866-208-3372; U.S. Coast Guard Office of Bridge Programs Tel: 202-372-1511). To request a Section 401 WQC, you must complete and submit the Section 401 WQC application. This application is available on the e-Permitting Portal website located at: https://eha-cload.doh.liawaii.gov/epennit/. Please see HA R, chapter 11-54 for the State' Water Quality Standards and for more information on the Section 401 WQC. HAR, Chapter 11-54 is available on the CWB website at: http://health.hawaii.aov/cwb/. ■ National Pollutant Discharge EIimination System (NPDES)permit coverage is required for: -Storm water associated with construction activities for land disturbances of one (1) acre or more. Land disturbance includes,but is not limited to, clearing, grading, grubbing, excavation, demolition, uprooting of vegetation, equipment staging, and storage areas. -Storm water associated with industrial activities for facilities with Standard Industrial Classification Codes regulated in 40 CFR 122.26(b)(14)(1) through (ix) and(xi). -Storm water and certain non-storm water from a small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System. -Discharges of water pollutants into State surface waters. Examples of these discharges include, but are not limited to, cooling water, hydrotesting waters, dewatering effluent, and process wastewater. -Discharges from the application of pesticides (including pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, and various other substances to control pest) to State waters. An application for an NPDES individual permit must be submitted at least 180 calendar days before the commencement of the discharge or start of construction activities. To request and NPDES individual permit, you must complete and Zendo Kern March 23, 2022 Page 3 of 4 submit the NPDES individual permit application. This application is available on the e-Permitting Portal website located at: haps://elia-cloud.doh.hawai i.gov/epenn i t/. A Notice of Intent(NOI)for coverage under a specific NPDES general permit must be submitted at least 30 calendar days before the commencement of the discharge or start of construction activities. To request NPDES general permit coverage, you must complete and submit the NDI. The NOI is available on the e-Permitting Portal website located at: hMs://eha-cloud.doh.hawai i.gov/epenn i t/. Please see HAR, Chapter 11-55 for more information on the NPDES individual permit and NPDES general permits. The specific NPDES general permits located in HAR, Chapter 11-55, Appendices B through M. HAR, Chapter 11-55 and HAR, Chapter 11-55, Appendices B through M are available on the C WB website at: http://health.hawaii.gov/cwb/. ■ According to State law, all discharges related to the project construction or operation activities, whether or not NPDES permit coverage and/or Section 401 WQC are required, must comply with the State's Water Quality Standards. Monitoring ■ Effluent discharge and/or receiving water monitoring may be required as conditions of Section 401 Water Quality Certifications and NPDES General and Individual permits. Enforcement ■ Noncompliance with water quality requirements contained in HAR, Chapter 11-54 and/or permitting requirements specified in HAR,Chapter 11-55 may be subject to penalties of$25,000 per day per violation. • Violations of Hawaii Revised Statutes 342D and 342E may elicit administrative, civil and criminal penalties for such violations. Polluted Runoff Control ■ Manage projects identified in watershed-based plans that reduce polluted runoff and educate the public about nonpoint source pollution. Projects are selected through an annual request for proposals. Funding is provided by the EPA through the Clean Water Act. For more information on projects and funding opportunities, please visit: www.liawaii.aov/doh/pollutedrunoffcontrol. Zendo Kern March 23, 2022 Page 4 of 4 Construction activities must comply With the provisions of Hawaii AdminIstratIve Rules, Chapter 11-46, "Community Noise Control." 1. The contractor must obtain a noise permit if the noise levels from the construction activities are expected to exceed the allowable levels of the rules. 2. Construction equipment and on-site vehicles requiring an exhaust of gas or air must be equipped with mufflers. 3. The contractor must comply with the requirements pertaining to construction activities as specified in the rules and the conditions issued with the permit. Should there be any questions on this matter, please contact the Department of Health at 933- 0917. Wastewater Branch has no comments. DAVID Y.IGE JADET.BUTAY GOVERNOR �' tis a �v y. DIRECTOR Deputy Directors t ROSS M.HIGASHI ' EDUARDO P.MANGLALLAN EDWIN H.SNIFFEN STATE OF HAWAII IN REPLY REFER TO: DEPARTMENT®FTRANSPORTATION DIR 0325 869 PUNCHBOWL STREET HWY-PS 2.8416 HONOLULU, HAWAII 96813-5097 May 20, 2022 VIA EMAIL: planning@hawaiicounty.gov Mr. Zendo Kern Director Planning Department County of Hawaii 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Attention: Ms. Jessica Andrews Dear Mr. Kern: Subject: State Land Use Boundary Amendment(PL-SLU-2022- 000004) and Change of Zone Application (PL-REZ-2022-000019) Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust Hawaii Belt Highway, Kawaaloa Mauka Tax Map Key: (3) 8-1-008: 004— South Kona, Hawaii Thank you for your letter dated March 18, 2022, for the opportunity to review an amendment of the State Land Use Boundary application and a Change of Zoning application. The proposed request is to allow the rezoning and subsequent subdivision of a 6.8-acre Agricultural-zoned lot into 15 single-family residential lots with a minimum of 14,000 square feet in size. The subject site is bordered by the State-owned portion of the Mamalahoa Highway (Route 11) at the cross junction of Alii Road and Napoopoo Road; both are county roadways. Two access points are proposed on the Mamalahoa Highway. One of the two access points will serve as a secondary driveway on the southern end of the site frontage as an outbound exit from the subdivision. The Hawaii Department of Transportation (HDOT) has the following comments: 1. Two access points will be fronting the State-owned portion of the Mamalahoa Highway (Mile Post 110). As such,we object to the secondary access due to potential safety issues related to this cross-intersection to multiple highways and roadways. In particular, the second access could potentially create conflicting movements in close proximity to the existing signalized intersection. Planning Dept. Exhibit 9 Mr. Zendo Kern HWY-PS 2.8416 May 20, 2022 Page 2 a. A Traffic Assessment or an access evaluation shall be submitted and accepted by the Highways Division, Hawaii District Engineer, and shall be prepared by a Professional Engineer with a State license and traffic expertise. b. The study shall include an analysis pertaining to traffic safety and line of sight for the two proposed access points. C. The study shall include an outbound, left-turn assessment related to traffic safety. 2. Any new access driveway shall be constructed to meet current standards and safety criteria for adequate sight distance. 3. No additional water service laterals shall be allowed for the development from the highway's right-of-way (ROW) and any existing laterals for the property must be removed and relocated within the development roadway. In addition, the project shall implement Best Management Practices to avoid any water runoff onto the state highway facility. 4. A Use and Occupancy permit application shall be submitted to the HDOT Highways Division for the use of any portion of the ROW, including construction staging or ingress/egress purposes along the State-owned portion of the Mamalahoa Highway. If you have any questions,please contact Jeyan Thirugnanam, Systems Planning Engineer, Highways Division, Planning Branch at(808) 587-6336 or by email at,fe ati Tiiii ���am( >,i��awaii. ov. Please reference file review number PS 2022-060. Sincerely, JADE T. BUTAY Director of Transportation SLY ANNE D.CAS£ DAVID Y.IGE .cQ.•',59 sa q CIIADCPERSON GOVERNOR OF HAWAII BOARD OF1.A",I)A\D ti:C'l'i'H:�[.HF:tiO["R["1"ti yJ C'O\]AIILS1ON ON WA 7'1:R HESO]'RUT i•JF, 'M :NAGE\1}.1..1. c o,Land and OF ' d ' Q STATE OF HAWAII Srdzeof Ha'N ` DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES LAND DIVISION POST OF"F"ICE BOX 621 HONOIJ1.-ll_HAWAII 96809 Apr 20, 2022 County of Hawaii Planning Department Attn: Ms. Jessica Andrews via email: planningCa_7hawaiicounty.gov 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Dear Ms. Andrews: SUBJECT: State Land Use Boundary Amendment (PL-SLU-2022-000004)— Request from Agricultural to Urban and Change of Zone Application (PL-REZ- 2022-000019) — Request from Agricultural-1 Acre (A-1a) to Single-Family Residential-10,000 Square Feet {RS-10} located at 81-5280 Mamalahoa Highway, South Kona, Island of Hawaii; TMK: (3) 8-1-008:004 on behalf of Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment on the subject matter. The Land Division of the Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) distributed or made available a copy of your request pertaining to the subject matter to DLNR's Divisions for their review and comments. At this time, enclosed are comments from the (a) Engineering Division and {b} Land Division-Hawaii District on the subject matter. Should you have any questions, please feel free to contact Darlene Nakamura at (808) 587-0417 or email: darlene.k.nakamurao-hawaii.gov. Thank you. Sincerely, Russe!! T_5 iI Russell Y. Tsuji Land Administrator Enclosures cc: Central Files Planning Dept. Exhibit 10 SI ZANNE D,CASE DAVID Y.I G E �p'�t93p �:y CIIAIRPERS[Iti GOVERNOR OF HAWAtl °j+ HO%RD OF 1.AND AND 1AruR aI.RFsOi RC-FS y ['t]%n Ml';I(ON❑ti W%TFR RTN01IR UR ff'.� ¢g Land and 0 4"_ a STATE OF IIAWAII Starev£H'+1a` DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND VATIIRAi,RESOURCES LAND DIVISION POST OFFICE.BOX 62 1 IiONOLULU,ilAW.4II 96809 Mar 18,2022 MEMORANDUM FROM: T$ DLNR Agencies: _Div. of Aquatic Resources _Div. of Boating & Ocean Recreation X Engineering Division (DLNR.ENGRe_hawaii.gov} X Div. of Forestry & Wildlife (rubvrosa.t.terraao(7a.hawaii.aov) _Div. of State Parks X Commission on Water Resource Management (DLNR.CWRMehawaii.gov) Office of Conservation & Coastal Lands X Land Division—Hawaii District (gordon.c.heita-hawaii.gov} TO: FROW Russell Y. Tsuji, Land Administrator RUSSaH Tsuji SUBJECT: State Land Use Boundary Amendment (PL-SLU-2022-000004)—Request from Agricultural to Urban Change of Zone Application (PL-REZ-2022-000019)—Request from Agricultural-1 Acre (A-1 a) to Single-Family Residential-10,000 Square Feet (RS-10) LOCATION: 81-6280 Mamalahoa Highway, South Kona, Island of Hawaii; TM K: (3) 8-1-008:004 APPLICANT: County of Hawaii on behalf of Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust Transmitted for your review and comment is information on the above-referenced subject matter. Please submit comments by April 14, 2022. If no response is received by the above date, we will assume your agency has no comments. Should you have any questions about this request, please contact Darlene Nakamura at darlene.k.nakamuraCcDhawaii.gov. Thank you. BRIEF COMMENTS: ( } We have no objections. ( } We have no comments. ( } We have no additional comments. (V) Comments are includedlattached_ Signed: Jrz Print Name: Carty S.Chang, Chief Engineer Division: Engineering Division Date: Apr 8,2022 Attachments cc: Central Files DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES ENGINEERING DIVISION LD/Russell Y. Tsuji Ref: State Land Use Boundary Amendment(PL-SLU-202-000004)-Request from Agricultural to Urban Location: 81-6280 Mamalahoa Highway, South Kona, Island of Hawaii TMK(s): (3)8-1-008:004 Applicant: County of Hawaii on behalf of Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust COMMENTS The rules and regulations of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), Title 44 of the Code of Federal Regulations(44CFR), are in effect when development falls within a Special Flood Hazard Area(high-risk areas). Be advised that 44CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter B, Part 60 reflects the minimum standards as set forth by the NFIP. Local community flood ordinances may stipulate higher standards that can be more restrictive and would take precedence over the minimum NFIP standards. The owner of the project property and/or their representative is responsible to research the Flood Hazard Zone designation for the project. Flood zones subject to NFIP requirements are identified on FEMA's Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM). The official FIRMs can be accessed through FEMA's Map Service Center(nnsc.fema.gov). Our Flood Hazard Assessment Tool (FHAT)(http://gis.hawaiinfip.org/FHAT) could also be used to research flood hazard information. If there are questions regarding the local flood ordinances, please contact the applicable County NFIP coordinating agency below: a Oahu: City and County of Honolulu, Department of Planning and Permitting (808) 768-8098. a Hawaii Island: County of Hawaii, Department of Public Works(808)961-8327. • Maui/Molokai/Lanai County of Maui, Department of Planning(808)270-7139. a Kauai: County of Kauai, Department of Public Works(808) 241-4849. Signed: `_ lJ CARTY S. CHANG, CHIEF ENGINEER Date: Apr 8,2022 SidneyFuke, Planning Consultant Amlff 100 Pauahi Street,Suite 212•Hilo, Hawaii 96720 •Planning•Variance•Zoning Telephone: (808)969-1522 Cell:(808)989-0640 •Subdivision•Land Use Permits E-mail:sidfuke@hawailantel.net •Environmental Reports April 25, 2022 Mr. Zendo Kern, Director Planning Department COUNTY OF HAWAII 101 Pauahi Street Hilo, HI 96720 Dear Mr. Kern: Subject: Response to Agency Comments Rezoning Application—Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust TMK: 8-1-008: 004 (SLU 2022-000004 and REZ 2022-000019) Thank you for providing me with a copy of agency comments to date regarding the subject matter. In response to these comments,we would like to note the following: a. Cour, Fire De artment: The access and water requirements of the fire Code must be complied with. This will be thoroughly addressed and complied with in conjunction with the construction plan review and implementation requirement of the Subdivision Code. b. County Police Department: It offered no comments or objections to the request. c. Cogn1y Water Department: The Department noted that 25 water commitments are available to the subject property until June 22, 2022. The applicant intends to maintain this commitment through payment on or before June 22, 2022. Further,the required water improvements, including the payment of the facilities charge and conveyance of the improvements and easement documents will be made in conjunction with the subdivision review/approval process- d. COIDAy Department of Environmental Management: Relative to Solid Waste, the Applicant intends,to the intent feasible, to retain and incorporate the green waste on the property. It also understands that demolition and construction waste, however, will be disposed off in an authorized landfill and not in any of the County Transfer Stations. e. Cog=Department of Public Works—Engineering Division (DPW-E : The appropriate drainage study will have to be prepared and submitted for the review and approval of the DPW-E in conjunction with the subdivision process. The plan will reflect capturing all additional on-site drainage-related water on site without having it directed to adjoining properties. These improvements will be constructed during the subdivision process. Planning Dap,. Exhibit 11 Mr. Zendo Kern April 25, 2022 Page 2 Relative to access, the project will have one major full-movement access at the western end of the property. There is adequate sight distance to safely allow for ingress into the subdivision, as well as right turn, northbound movements. Outbound left-turn movements may require more to exit due the location of the proposed access. As a result, the applicant has proposed a secondary egress-only access at the southern end of the property. This would allow for additional Ieft-turn outbound movements. Accordingly, rather than having this secondary access limited to right in, right out movements only as recommended by DPW-E, the applicant would prefer having it limited to either a full (left and right) outbound or egress movements or that plus right turn ingress (inbound)turn movements. In so doing,the delay of any outbound movements would not only be safer but internalized; and as such, it should not compromise the objective of adversely affecting the existing flow of traffic along the Highway. The Applicant does not concur with DPW-E's recommendation of being responsible to construct curb, gutter, and sidewalk and related improvements fronting the subject property for several reasons. For one, there is the question of need. Along this section of the road, there is little pedestrian movements. Further, there are no sidewalks on both sides of the property, making this "urban-level"type of improvement rather"unique" in this rural area. Further, this type of off-site requirement is usually associated with potentially high pedestrian generated uses, such as a commercial venture, which this project is not. Finally, the question of equity or proportionality comes into play for something that is driven because of a perceived outstanding need. In situations like this,the most equitable way—especially when the project is not directly creating the need for the recommended improvements--is the imposition of the fair share requirement. Based on the 14 additional lots and prevailing fair share for road/traffic, the project would be contributing nearly $90,000 which could be applied towards this improvement, if so deemed necessary by the County. £ State Department of Land and Natural Resources: The Hilo District office had no comments on the request, while the Engineering Division merely noted the need to comply with the flood hazard requirements, which the Applicant intends to do as part of the subdivision review/approval process. Mr. Zendo Kern April 25, 2022 Page 3 We trust that this addresses the various agency comments. If not or if there are further questions relating to this matter, please feel free to direct them to me. Thank you very much. R y, 4oNv SIDNEY M. FUKE Planning Consultant Copy—Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust, ATTN: Mr. John Shaw via email SidneyFuke, Planning Consultant 100 Pauahi Street, Suite 212•Hilo, Hawaii 96720 -Planning-Variance-Zonrng Telephone: (809)969-1522 Cell: (808)989-0640 -Subdivision-Land Use Permits E-mail sidfuke@hawaiiantel.net -Environmental Reports May 23, 2022 Mr. Zendo Kern, Director Planning Department COUNTY OF HAWAII 101 Pauahi Street Hilo, HI 96720 Dear Mr. Kern: Subject: Response to Department of Public Works' Comments Rezoning Application--Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust TMK: 8-1-008: 004 (SLU 2022-000004 and REZ 2022-000019) This is in response to the Department of Public Works' ("DPW") additional comments of May 9, 2022, and my subsequent discussion with your staff regarding the subject matter. Briefly, the DPW noted that all land disturbance activities must comply with Chapter 10 of the Hawaii County Code. The applicant and/or its contractor will comply with this requirement. Further, site-development runoff will be retained on site through a system of drywells. This will be reflected in the construction plans to be approved by the DPW in conjunction with the subdivision review and approval process. DPW also noted that the Hawaii Belt Road fronting the subject property was recently conveyed to the State on or about December 7, 2021. As such, access jurisdiction now rests with the State and not the County. To date, the State Department of Transportation ("DOT") has not provided any formal comments on the application. Notwithstanding the absence of any formal comments, we would like to note the following: 1. The property has access rights to the Hawaii Belt Road, whether the Road falls under the jurisdiction of the County or State. Prior to the conveyance, the County DPW would determine access location(s) and/or stipulate appropriate on- and off-site mitigation at the access location(s) in conjunction with the subdivision review and approval process or for that matter, processing of a driveway permit. That function now has been turned over to the State DOT. 2. Prior to submittal of the application and believing that the Road was under the jurisdiction of the County, the applicant discussed the project and access situation with the staff of the Kona DPW-Engineering. (It should be noted that DPW did not indicate then that the Road was under the control of the State and as such the applicant should discuss it with the State.) At any rate, according to the applicant, the staff noted that right-turn inbound and outbound movements were generally fine. However, left-turn movements were thought to be a little more problematic and that gave birth to the concept of the Planning Dept. Exhibit 12 Mr. Zendo Kern, Director May 23, 2022 Page 2 private easement at the south end. Allowing full outbound movements from the project site would facilitate access to the `By-Pass"while left turn movements heading south would occur at a location where there is better sight-distance. 3. Given that the property is already entitled to a legal access to the Road,the appropriate entity—in this case, the DOT- can choose to decide the location of the access point(s) and associated mitigation in conjunction with the subdivision review process or driveway permit. The applicant hopes, however, that the DOT would consider what was tentatively arrived at with the DPW. Notwithstanding the above, should DOT request an ingress/egress analysis with recommended mitigations prepared by an engineer registered with the State of Hawai'i prior to submittal of a subdivision application, the applicant is prepared to have that done. The appropriate mitigation(s) can or must be implemented in conjunction with the subdivision approval process. Accordingly, as in other situations requiring agency approvals, the applicant would have no objections to a condition that stipulate compliance with the requirements of the DOT. It could read as follows: 'All work within the State Highway Right-of-Way and all access connection(s) to the Hawaii Belt Road fronting the subject property shall meet with the requirements and approval of the State Department of Transportation. " The applicant respectfully requests that this matter be considered as tentatively scheduled for the Commission's June meeting and hopefully, with your concurrence, a condition incorporating the concept above. As always,please feel free to contact me with any questions you may have on this matter. Thank you very much! ncerely, rV� SIDNEY M. FUKE Planning Consultant Copy—Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust, ATTN: Mr. John Shaw via email Id eyFuke, Planning Consultant. AmAe 100 Pauahi Street, Suite 212•Hiro,Hawaii 96720 •Planning-variance•zoning Telephone:(808)969-1522 Cell:. (808)989-0640 •SumdWision-Land Use Permits E-mail: sidfuke@hawaaiantel.net •Envuronmental Reports May 24, 2022 Mr. Zendo Kern, Director County Planning Department 101 Pauahi Street Hilo, HI 9672.0 Dear Mr. Kern: Subject: Response to Department of Transportation Comments Rezoning Application —Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust TMK: 8-1-008: 004 tSLU 2022-000004 and REZ 2022-00001911 Thank you for providing me, this date, with a copy of the State Department of Transportation ("DOT") comments of May 20, 2022. As noted in my letter of May 23, the DOT has jurisdiction over the road fronting the subject property. As such, the applicant will and must comply with its requirements relative to access and associated mitigation. The DOT is requesting a traffic assessment or an access evaluation be prepared by a. State-licensed person familiar with traffic and be submitted for its review and acceptance. The study will include an assessment of traffic safety and line of sight for the two proposed access points, as well as an outbound, left turn movements. The applicant will comply and has no option but to accede to the requirements of the DOT. Relative to water laterals, the project is intended to have a primary lateral servicing the entire project. Individual laterals serving all logs within the project site would emanate from that primary lateral. As already required by the County, construction plans for the proposed subdivision must incorporate the on-site retention of project-generated runoff. Finally, the applicant is aware of and will comply with the requirements to secure the appropriate pennit(s) from the State for any work within the State right-of-way. In light of the above, the applicant would have not no objections to a generic condition that stipulate compliance with the requirements of the DOT or alternatively, the incorporation of its specific and pertinent comments. As always, please feel free to contact me with any questions you may have on this matter. Thank you very much! Sincerely, Planning Dept.t. Exhibit 13 SIDNEY M. FUKE Planning Consultant Copy—Amy Hagen-Cowell Trust, ATTR: Mr. John Shaw via email.