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HomeMy WebLinkAboutPD Background Report (PL-USE-2022-000006)BRenegadeUSE.cm.4.1123 COUNTY OF HAWAI`I PLANNING DEPARTMENT BACKGROUND REPORT RENEGADE TOWERS, LLC USE PERNHT APPLICATION (PL-USE-2022-000006) RENEGADE TOWERS, LLC is requesting a Use Permit to allow the establishment of a telecommunication facility with an 85-foot-tall `monopine' tower and related equipment and improvements within a 2,712 square foot portion of a larger 14.89-acre parcel. The subject property is located at 73-4189 Hawaii Belt Road, on the southeast corner of its intersection with Donahue Road, Makaula-Kalaoa 4th, North Kona, Hawaii, TMK: (3) 7-3-002:010 (por.). APPLICANT'S REQUEST 1. Proposed Use: The applicant is requesting a Use Permit to construct a new, non -manned telecommunication facility, consisting of an 85-foot-tall `monopine' tower (adorned to resemble a pine tree), an antenna array consisting of 2 tri-sectors with 12 antennas per tri- sector for a total of 24 antennas, 4 surge suppressors mounted on sector stand-off arms, 5 equipment cabinets, 2 emergency generators, 2 GPS antenna, 1 fiber distribution box, 2 automatic transfer switches, and 2 power protection cabinets (PPC) cabinets. All ground equipment and monopine tower will be mounted on a raised concrete pad. No exterior lighting is proposed on the tower and only security lighting, meeting with the County's lighting ordinance, will be mounted somewhere near the ground equipment. The 2,112- square foot (36' x 58'-8") equipment lease area will be enclosed with a 6-foot-high chain - link fence with woven green privacy slats. The lease area will be accessed via a 50-foot long by 12-foot wide (600 square foot) compacted gravel ingress/egress road from Donahue Road. The proposed facility will be unmanned, however, maintenance and repair activities will be performed by a technician on a periodic basis, typically once a month within normal working hours. 2. Reason for the Request: According to the applicant, the objective of the new facility is to improve the existing cell phone coverage by filling spotty coverage in nearby residential neighborhoods including but not limited to Kona Palisades, Kona Highlands, Kona Coast View, Kaiulani Estates, as well as providing coverage on Hawai'i Belt Road. The tower will be designed to meet the 2018 International Building Code and will have a 1 hard survivability for sustained winds of one hundred miles per hour. The tower will be disguised to look like a pine tree, and it will be surrounded by existing landscaping to minimize any impact to the surrounding community. The ground equipment will also be fenced with chain link with inserted green slats. 3. The proposed facility enhances police and fire protection by extending wireless voice and data services to remote land areas so that emergency and public safety officials can be contacted in the event of an emergency. The new facility will also provide the area with high-speed wireless broadband. 4. Co -location: The monopine tower will be designed to accommodate the co -location of up to four (4) telecommunication carriers. According to the applicant, in addition to Verizon Wireless (anchor tenant), T-Mobile has expressed interest in co -locating in the future to provide expanded coverage to the surrounding area. Verizon Wireless has also reached out to AT&T but has not yet received confirmation of interest. Further, Verizon Wireless has made diligent effort to co -locate on a nearby tower, but there are no existing telecommunication facilities available for co -location in the area of the proposed facility. 5. Tower Height Justification: According to the applicant, the proposed 85-foot-tall tower height is necessary to overcome topography and tall trees. The tower height will ensure the proper line of sight needed to extend service to the surrounding area and as far along Hawai'i Belt Road as possible. If the tower height were reduced, it would reduce the coverage footprint of Verizon Wireless and other carriers who would co -locate on the tower. 6. Supportive Information: The applicant has submitted the attached in support of the request: (Planning Department Exhibit 1 — Use Permit Application dated November 3, 2022) 7. Landowner: William H. Wilton Trust. BACKGROUND INFORMATION 8. Telecommunications Act of 1996: The Telecommunications Act of 1996, Section 704, as amended, recognizes the absence of health hazards from wireless radio wave transmissions and prohibits local authorities from regulating the placement of such towers based on environmental effects, so long as the towers comply with the Federal Communication Commission's (FCC) guidelines. The applicant and subsequent tenant 2 telecommunication service providers will comply with all Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) rules. STATE AND COUNTY PLANS 9. State Land Use District: Agricultural. 10. General Plan LUPAG Map Designation: Extensive Agriculture. 11. County Zoning: Agricultural-20 acres (A-20a). 12. Special Management Area: The subject parcel is approximately 4.7 miles from the nearest shoreline and is not situated within the Special Management Area. 13. Kona Community Development Plan (KCDP): The KCDP, originally adopted by the Hawaii County Council on September 25, 2008, and most recently amended on September 18, 2019, identifies the preferred land use pattern for the Kona districts. The subject property is located outside of the Kona Urban Area and outside of any Rural Town Areas. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY AND SURROUNDING AREA 14. Description of Property and Permit Area: The subject, 14.89-acre property is roughly rectangular in shape, sits at an elevation of approximately 1,850 to 1,880 feet above sea level. The northern portion of the property is characterized by a rocky, gentle west facing slope. The southern portion has a more moderate slope and is comparatively rockier. The property is improved with a permitted dwelling and a detached open carport. The proposed 2,112-square foot lease area is unimproved and situated in the northwest corner of the property. The tower will be set back approximately 58 feet from the closest property line abutting Donahue Road which complies with the Zoning Code's minimum setback requirement of one foot for every five feet of tower. The nearest building on the property is located more than 200 feet southwest from the tower towards Hawai'i Belt Road. 15. Surrounding Zoning/Land Uses: Properties situated immediately to the north, east, and south are zoned Agricultural (A -la, A-8a, and A-20a). These properties range in size from about 1 acre to 21 acres. Properties to the west, across Hawai'i Belt Road, are zoned Agricultural-5 acre (A-5a) and Single -Family Residential-20,000 square feet (RS-20). These properties range in size from about .17 acres to 3 acres. The properties surrounding 3 the subject property are being used for churches, dwellings, and agriculture. The closest residence is located approximately 200 feet northeast of the center of the proposed tower. 16. Flood Zone: Zone "X", which is determined to be an area of minimal flood hazard. 17. Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawaii (ALISH): Unclassified. 18. Land Study Bureau's Detailed Land Classification System: "E" or "Very Poor' soils. 19. U.S.D.A. Soil Survey: Puuikaaka-Lava flows complex, 10 to 20 percent slopes. 20. Flora and Fauna Resources: According to Starr Environmental 2017, the vegetation is primarily trees and bushes, christmas berry, individual silver oak trees, strawberry guava, patches of sisal, grass, and other exotic vines and weeds. 21. Archaeological/Historic/Cultural Resources: Cultural resources review, field inspection, and consultation with native Hawaiian organizations was completed in an Archaeological Inventory Survey by Scientific Consultant Services and included in a report dated July 11, 2022. The report indicated that a 0.5-mile radius surrounding the area of potential effects (APE) was examined to identify potential visual impacts to historic properties based on the stipulations in the FCC Programmatic Agreement. The examination found that there are four sites that are eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places and/or on the Hawai'i Register of Historic Places. The sites include three churches and the ruins of a fourth church. The report also indicates that there are historic properties documented within a 0.25-mile radius of the proposed facility site. Site 50-10-28-31352 is documented in the AIS and consists of an agricultural complex comprised of five features (3 terraces and 2 rock mounds). However, there were no historic subsurface remains identified after completing a single test unit and 3 stratigraphic trenches. Site 50-10-28-31352 was interpreted as a late pre -Contact to early post -Contact era agricultural site. It was assessed as significant under Criterion d, pursuant to HAR § 13-284-6, and as adequately documented. Thus, no further archaeological work was recommended, and the site was assessed as not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Lastly, by letter dated February 28, 2023, the Department of Land and Natural Resources -State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) and State Historic Preservation Officer's (SHPO) concurred that no historic properties will be affected by the proposed project. 2 22. Public Access: There is no designated public access to the mountain or shoreline that runs through the property. PUBLIC UTILITIES AND SERVICES 23. Roadway Access: Access to the facility will be off Donahue Road which extends mauka from Hawai'i Belt Road. According to the Department of Public Works — Engineering Division, Donahue Road is considered a road -in -limbo, meaning it is a public and legal access, however neither the State nor County maintains it at this time. The proposed access driveway from Donahue Road to the lease area will be 12-foot wide and approximately 50-foot long. The applicant proposes to finish the access road with compacted dirt. (Planning Department Exhibit 2 — Donahue Road Ownership dated November 16, 2022) 24. Water: The proposed use does not require water. 25. Wastewater: The proposed use will not generate wastewater. 26. Solid Waste: According to the State Department of Health (DOH), all solid waste and hazardous materials generated during construction must be properly disposed of at DOH - permitted solid waste management facilities. 27. Essential Utilities and Services: The essential utilities of electricity and telephone are available to the site. The applicant has not confirmed if high-speed fiber optics are available to the site. However, if fiber optic is not available, then a microwave dish will be installed on the tower to provide such service from another location. 28. Public Safety: The nearest police and fire facilities are located in Kailua and Kealakehe, which is approximately 7 miles southwest of the site. AGENCY COMMENTS 29. State Department of Health: (Planning Department Exhibit 3 — March 29, 2023 Memo) 30. Department of Land and Natural Resources — Engineering Division: (Planning Department Exhibit 4- March 23, 2023 Memo) AGENCY - NO COMMENTS/CONCERNS 31. Police Department, Fire Department, Department of Land and Natural Resources -Land Division, and Department of Finance — Real Property Tax. 5 AGENCY - NO RESPONSE 32. Hawai`i County Civil Defense Agency and Department of Public Works -Engineering Division. PUBLIC COMMENTS 33. There are no public comments to date on this application. 0 COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING COMMISSION USE PERMIT APPLICATION (Type or legibly print the requested information) APPLICANT: Renegade Towers LLC Michael Miller Nov 2, 2022 APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE: DATE: ADDRESS: 6710 Elverton, Oakland, CA 94611 LIST APPLICANT'S INTEREST IF NOT OWNER: Licensee TELEPHONE: (Bus.)415-609-0099 (Res.) LANDOWNER(S): William H Wilton Trustee LANDOWNER SIGNATURE(S): ADDRESS: P O Box 415 William wilton Kailua Kona, Hawaii 96745 TAX MAP KEY: (3) 7-3-002-010 (May be by letter) STREET ADDRESS OF PROPERTY: 73-4189 HAWAII BELT ROAD REQUESTED USE: ZONING: A-20 (Fax) DATE: Nov 3, 2022 To the development of an unoccupied Multi -Carrier Telecommunications Facility AGENT: Danette Martin SIZE OF PROPERTY: 14.89 acres ADDRESS: 76-6357 Kololia Street, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 TELEPHONE: (Bus.) 808-895-3569 (Res.)_ (Fax) Please indicate to whom original correspondence and copies should be sent. ORIGINAL: COPIES: Planning Dept. Exhibit 1 AGO I.EL IS ABU ATTACHMENTS All VER FED �ET) RENEGADE TOWERS, llC SITE NAME: KALAOA 73-4189 HAWAII BELT ROAD IZA11 IIA IZnKIA LJI 0G7AC AA4= SPECIAL INSPECTIONS ­ 1%wI­7 III ---- TMK: (3) 7-3-002:010 DRAWING INDEX SHEET 'MEET ESCRI DESCRIPTION LOCATION MAP UGG TITLE SHEET AUDI OVERALL STE PIMI PECIAL N7PSECpRo=EC5 sEGpEDUIPED AS PART D SPECIAL E OF WORK ZONING DRAWINGS DRAWINGSNWILL BE HALFL SCAGT LE VICINITY MAP LOCAL MAP EQuiP ENTi ourAN SITE INFORMATION PROPERTY OWNER: WILLIAM H. WILTON. TRUSTEE PIING TRUST DATEDTA/4/2EAe o eox 41s KNLUA KGNA, HAWNI 96]45-04 APPLICANT: RENEGADE TOWERS, LLC DRESS. 6710ELVER70N DRIVE „ OAKLAND, CA 946 . LATITUDE N 19' 43 34 7690 rt DE. W 155 58 39,4870 LAT/LONG TYPE: N/A GROUNDRISDICTELEVATION : 65± A.M.S.L I ry COUN, HAWNI ZONING . OPEN OCCUPANCY. U CONSTRUCTION TYPE. II—B STATE LAND USE. — HEIGHT LIMIT_ — SETBACKS RAR2 - _ REAR YARD 30'-0' WER PEOLCO: T. B D SITE DIRECTIONS FROM, KONA KUPIPI STREET KNLUA�KONA RHI 96J4o US 73 202 HEAD WEST ON KEAHOLE AIRPORT RD TOWARD KUPIPI S FOLLOW KEAHOLE AIRPORT RD AND HI-19 TO KURNNANI DR LEFT ONTO KAIMINANI BR LEFT ONTO HI-190 • DR O ONTO HWY TURN RIGHT ONTO DONAHUEMA.ARDHOA STINATION WILL BE ON THE RIGHT •° �S1T s, 9AII. nA,, �. O - n " a - ©s1al..ra sF ,n+:n wE A004 EQUIPMENT LAYOUTS PROJECT DESCRIPTION s PRO" BE To BmL2 A COLIC OFT PFoLLo 2 w LES nisiA�ulloN�w uE SCOPE of woRK WILL conlslsTAOF THE FOLLowINc:IRE GENERAL INSTALL (24) PROPOSED CA —0 PANEL ANTENNAS ON PROPOSED MONOPINE. INSTALL (24) PROPOSED RR BEHIND PROPOSED PANEL ANTENNAS. INSTALL (4) PROPOSED OWXC SURGE SUPPRESSOR MOUNTED ON SECTOR STAND—OFFPABFP ARMS. INSTALLS NT CABINETS PROPOSED EQUIPMEMOUNTED ON CONCRETE PAD A ROUND EQUIPMENT NSTALLE(2)GPRO POSED EMERGENCY GENERATOR MOUNTED ON PROPOSED CONCRETE PAD AT PROPOSED GROUND EOU PMENT AREA SAND EOU PMENT TO RE PANTED TO MATCH TOWER STRUCTURE LL (1) PROPOSED 85' H H P E—ENGINEERED STEEL MONOPINE TOWER W/ FAUX PINE TRUNK, BRANCHES �GADD RNEEDLE SI INSTALL (2) PROPOSED TE—SECTOR MOUNT ASSEMBLY ON MWNOPINE. CONTRACTOR TO INSTALL (2) GPS ANTENNA. (1) FIBER DISTRIBUTION BOX, (2) wTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH, AND (2) PP ON (1) PROPOSED H—FRAME AT PROPOSED GROUND EOUIPMENT AREA. ALL PROPOSED APPLICABLE CODES ALL WORK AND MA ERIHE SHALL BE PERFORMED AND INS A G RDADO WITH THE CURRENT EDITIONS OF THE RTE, COPES AS ADOPTED BY THE LOCAL GOVERNING AUTHORITIESW N 2018 IBC. INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE ALL CONSTRUCTION SHALL CONFORM TO THE 2010 CAURNAT BUILDING CODE (2o18 IBC) AS AMENDED TO UTYaNET OF NOWAII ORDINANCE SAMRAT NFPA-20 2.N NAAIONALE FIRE RPROTECTION ASSOCIATION T TI OR FILE NSTRUCTION, ALE SHALL COMPLY WITH 2O�2 NFPA t HAW DE (INTERIM PER HRS 10 —28) 2 ATE BUILDING T Ex SING SATE DBU ER H SA A N ILO NG C D 88 ECC IS ORGY NNSERVATIONPCODEC(AS AMENDED) DD INSTALLATION IS UNMANNED AND NOT FOR HUMAN A HABITATION. HANDICAP ACCESS IS NOT FEOUIFED PER ADA PROJECT TEAM M&SQUARED WIRELESS DANETTE MAT T LEME E, J3-835 KONA, HA STREET, 38 AOF NZADO CAL UA KGNA HAWN 9674 'ANT.B.D. CONTACT: JONE MAXWELLT3 PHONE (BO8) 895-3569 ONE: (949) 391-6824 EMNL donetleMmm p mec APPLICANT/TOWER OWNER ZONING REPRESENTATIVE- RENEGADE TOWERS L DANETTE MARTIN 6TiO ELVERTON DRI ]3-635] KOLOLIA STREET OAKLAND, CA 94611VE KAILUA—KONA HAWAII 98J40 PH 4I1 A6 MILLER PHONE (eD8) 895-3569 PFE E415) 809-0099 EMAIL onellaMmoHlnpocillccom m� n EMAIL: c oe Wvislatowers. et GROUND EQUIPMENT ENCLOSURE (1) PROPOSED CHAIRLINE FENCE ENCLOSURE WITH GREEN SLATS WITHIN — —AT GROUND LE (e) PR OPOSED WORK LIGHTS AT PROPOSED ICE BRIDGE DUITS A1) PROPOSED POWER CONDUIT RUNFROMPROPOSED ROD TO PROPOSED GROUND Ea IIPMENT AREa NsiaLLE2 BYcoNTRACTOR. uTlury TO PRovIDE POWER To METER. (2) P FO OSED TELCO CONDORS RUN FROM PROPOSED CARRIER P.O.C. TO CARRIER PTELCO CABINET AT GROUND EOUI PMENT AREA. (3�) PROPOSED HYBRID CABLE CONDUIT FROM PROPOSED FIBER DISTRIBUTION NET AT PROPOSED EQUIPMENT AREA TO PR OSED ANTENNAS ON PROPOSED MONOPINE. PER CARRIER (B TOTAL) OP OPONiER (1) PROPOSED 6DOA TR I —METERS AND(1)PROPOSED CAN DED ByRN PROV ELECTRIC ESIMCAND ENECNREOUIREMENTS. D INSTALLED BY C R CTOR PEF AWAIAN AT TIME OF INSTALLATION. CONTRACTOR TO PROVIDE AND INSTALL METER SOCER (PLASTIC). RENEGADES OIL `T TOWERc PROJECT INFORMATION: KALAOA RENEGADE TOWERS, LLC WA CURRENT ISSUE DATE: 05/27/2022 ISSUED TOO ZONING DRAWINGS REV. DOLE DESCRIPTION Al Ol INS, REPARED el PLMPSQUARL1j WIRELESS FO X­ BM CJM MM LICENSER THIS DOCUMENT IS FOR ZONING PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION SHEET TITLE: TITLE SHEET SHEET NUMBER: 000 % STNPi � E. ttP. �uaN°E ao�PROPERTVEINE� ���� _�PROPEv_LINE EXISTING UNDEVELOPED LAND �EUSTINN nRUCTDRE, T11. EPERCENT, LAND —__ OVERALL SITE PLAN `I) TOW RS UC PROJECT INFORMATION: KALAOA RENNEGADE TOWERS, LLC CURRENT ISSUE DATE : os�znzozz -- -o-a-c -�w w ZONING DRAWINGS Rev.. DATE. DESCRIPTION. avRE REPARED PC PLMPSQUAR R WIRELESS DFAESN 31 C AMM RM SER cEN THIS DOCUMENT IS FOR ZONING PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION I� rvE .T s:u�—xoo o b--SE�b—rps� SHEET TITLE OVERALLSITE PLAN SHEET NUMBER AVVM1 !\ `y--..---- i 1850 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SRES HIRES os o -o GREEN VINYL SCREENING SLATS ENLARGED SITE PLAN / Y ELF 58 8 RENI AMR GADS SOWERS PROP(MULTI-METER BANKS AND TELCO CABINET ON B'- H-FFAME 0'-A 1 1 11 , 1 �I 1 1 L-- -,' -7= 77- - - M- PICPOSED llTllE CARD RE EQUPSONT LEASE SPACE (24A i ARCHu PROPOSED ,2' W E SITE ACCESS EASEMENT INGRESS/EGRESS (C50' LENGTH). COMPACTED DIET FINIS' PROPOSED CMu DETAINING WALL, TIP, \ (TO BE WNFIRMED PER FINAL DESIGN) PROPOSED VERIZON WIRELESS CARRIER J - " APOLLO EST LEASE SPACE W/ GENERATOR (2 SO FT.) RENEWDE `T 1owcRs uc oa°.�NLo RCA PROJECT INFORMATION: KALAOA RENEGADE TOWERS, LLC CURRENT ISSUE DATE: ()S/Z7I2()22 suEZFAR ONING DRAWINGS DEC DATE DESCRIPTION BI PLANS REPARED Al MPSQUAR Fj WIRELESS BM CJM MM LICENSER THIS DOCUMENT IS FOR ZONING PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION uro SHEET TITLE ENLAR�G�ED SIT//E2 PLAN rvE SHEET NUM!\OOi NOTE' O 25-0 EO UI PM ENT LEASE SPACE t VEGETATION TO NEW INSTALLA ION. BE MODIFIED AS PART OF THElolosm R CLARITY OEA(ABOVE&BELO" NOTSHOWNFORCIARITV_ O PROPOSED T-MOBILE C ONCRETE EOU AMEN PAD EN 2, ANTENNAS AND TREES NOT SHOWN FOR CLARITY IN THIS NEW, O PROPOSED (1) 600 AMP MULTI -METER BANK AND TELCO CABINET ON 6 0 H FRAME OPROPOSED RENEGADE TOWER 85'-0" HIGH MONOPINE W/ SUBTERRANEAN FOUNDATION OEOUIPMENT LAYOUTD S ANDSITE PLAN ORING -MOUNT AS5EMRLY SECTOR OPROPOSED T-MOBILE ANTENNA MOUNTING STpNO-OFF ARMS RENEGADE O PROPOSED MOMABILE BRANCH BA `T I1Dwces, LEE 6710 ELVER,oN DRIVE OA LAND, CA 946„ v TEEN S TO BE PROPOSED T-MOBILE 8' PANEL ANTENNAS TO BE MOUNTED O TO 3'm PIPE. PANTED DARK GREEN; (4) PER SECTOR, TOTAL PROPOSED T-MOBILE RRU'S To BE 'TACK MOUNTED OBEHIND ANTENNAS, PAINTED DARK GREEN; (4) PER SECTOR; (12) TOTALWA PROJECT INFORMATION: ICALAUA RENEGADE TOWER$LLG O h R o O BE MOO TO ANTENNA ARM, PAINTED DARK GREEN. UN KnlwnRxo uoviN is CURRENT;ISSUEODATE 4 f TMOBLE 29P ODAMENNAPEXCLUSIONIESSOIS O D APCEDT 05/27/2022oA lASUE MouNEED oN PRDPXSEE CONCRETE aaNN(SjAaTu ZONING DRAWINGS F,� 0 FNCLOSUREB SECURED To (N)R HD FPanE ND Eou PMENT PROPOSED T MOBLE GPS ANTENNA MOUNTED TO FRAME TOTAL 1- DOLE DESCRIPTION By �..� P-FFA D (1) BLE ELEVATED CABLE TRAY BRIDGE ANS REPARED A' PLMPSQUAR F j WIRELESS J�y/� \ (J D TROY AND NTO TOWER THROUGH OPEN P_ HELP PB;o NA LEVEL TAM LEN PROPOSED T MOB LE POST MOUNTED O • rc O WORK LGHT (3) TOTAL -EF / \\ PROPOSED T MDB LE 30KW ENCLOS D EMERGENCY E GENERATOR MOUNTED ON CONCRETE PAD BY HK AEG DRAWN C .: BM JM MM i LICENSER THIS DOCUMENT .. IS FOR ZONING HE PURPOSES ONLY - — IF PROPOSED T-MOBILE EQUIPFENT AREA AND IS NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION EF=TA SHEET TITLE LxG EQUIPMENT LAYOUTS SHEET NUMBER'. c w F STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF PROPOSED MONOPI NE TOWER STRUCTURE AND FOUNDATION AND ANALYSIS STRUCTURAL OF PROPOSED ANTENNA MOUNT ASSEMBLY FAR RE COMPLETEDBY OTHERS A003 T-MOBILE EQUIP. LAYOUT ,,,6 - 2 T-MOBILE ANTENNA LAYOUT E ;;asp-,°o. �. 1 KEYNOTES D E O MONDPIN° w;N=�B'EFF NE N FOUNDATIDN EIRELING NATURAL VEGETATION 10 BE MODIFIED AS PAR' OF 'HE NEW INSTALLATION. _ ANTENNAS AND TREES NOT SHOWN FOR CLARITY IN THIS VIEW. CLARITY- O�ESO PRO OSEE AN OR CLARI _ O RINITMOUNT PROPOSED EASSEMBLY RISON SEC'OR O _VAIP.ZSIN ANTENNA MOUNTING ALL PROPOSED EQU PMENT, MOUNT AMWEMBLIES, AND EN OPROPOSEIDNMONOPINE BRANCH BOUNDARY EL BE 1 PROPOSED T DE, ANTENNAS DARKG BEEN �(4J PAINTED PER SEc'OR(11)TOIL O OO BE DARK E(4)EPER GREESEC'ORNA�S',AINNTEDA O PROPOSED VERIZON OVPFSURGESUPPRESSORS '0 BE MOUNTED O ANTENNA ARM, PAINTED DARK GREEN; (2) � RENEWDE TOWERS, llC 0 N GIVE OPROPOSED VERIZON 29'-0" AN'ENNA EXCLUSION DISTANCE, TYP OA"TOMNDELVE PROJECT INFORMATION: OEMERGENCYVGENERA'OREMOUNTED ONE CONCRETE PAD KALAOA O PROPOSED VERIZON WIRELESS H—FRAME MOUNTED wV Go'; SEAL RENEGADE TOWERS, LLC xnlw 9MAWANR nxoo ,w.sn-Tasoa PIN 5 'LA RI EL PROPOSED VE RIZON WIRELESS EQUIPMENT CABINET O MOUNTED DN RASE STEEL B PMS; (2)'0'AL CURRENT ISSUE DATE: '_ . R O MOUNTED TEL. ENCLOSURE CABINET (f`�27/2022 ISSUED FOR PROPOSED VERIZON WIRELESS EQUIPMENT AREA - -q t /" V O' rPnoTRUEo PPc VE cna NE' Ess H FreAME PROPOSED VERzoN WreELESS H FRAME O ZONING DRAWINGS �< DESCRIPTION By O P w za ...�� ! �' T�� T ( .%�AN= MOUNTED Al LEE sw'nH Mourv'ED FBere os'R Bu'ory Box ME 0 PROPOSED VERZON WRELESS H FR RELEss H FRAME MouN'Eo cPs PLANS PREPARED By P MPSQUAR� j WIRELESS /� / O PROPOSED VERIZON WIRELESS CONCRETE EQUIPMENT PAD OCIAD�/ulvoEFGFaurvo-R(1 )EFBEFN�H(1)E AT a PROPOSED vEF zaN WIRELESS ELEVATED rsaLF TFnr BF ocE 1z c.z«x • xz�oo ®" d1iVG DRAWN Al I LICENSER THIS DOCUMENT IS FOR ZONING PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION SHEET TITLE EQUIPMENT LAYOUTS SHEET NUMBER'. A004 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF PROPOSED MONOPINE TOWER STRUCTURE AND FOUNDATION AND ANALYSIS rvE OF PROPOSED ANTENNA MOUNT ASSEMBLY FEE REOFFIRED LOADING TO BE COMPLETED BY OTHERS VERIZON EQUIPMENT LAYOUTjnl-wr-, 2 VERIZON ANTENNA LAYOUT. PROPOSED RENEGADE TOWERS 36'-0' X 58'-8' EOUIPMENT LEASE SPACE PROPOSED T—MOBILE 8' PANEL ANTENNAS TO BE MOUNTED TO m T N; (4) PE T R, (12) TOTAL PPE PAINTED DARK GREEN; NEGPDE TOWERS G'-0" HIGH I'MIN LINK FENCE WITTGREEN NNVL SCREENING SLITS A PROPOSED T—MOBIL RRU S TO B STACK MOUNTEO BEHIND PNTENNAS, PAINTED ELARK GREEN; E(4) PER SECTOR, (12) TOTAL T PROPOSED T—MOBILE ELEVATED CABLE TRAY BRIDGE <z> E SUPPRESSORS TD BE MOUNTED TO ANTENNA ARM, PAINTED DARK GREEN; (2) TOTAL O PROPOSED T—MOBILR MOST—MOUMED WORK LIGHT,— (3) TOTAL OPOSE T M BLE vBR CABLE ROUTED ALONG CABLE TRAIL AND INTO TOWER THROUGH OPEN PORT HHOLE UP TO ANTENNA LEVEL (±95' TOTAL LENGTH) OPROPOSED T—MOBILE CPS ANTENNA MOUNTED TO H—FRAME; (1) TOTAL O PROPOSED PERSON WIRELESS ELEVATED CABLE TRAY BRIDGE O OPRO'NTED — C ADENCLOSED EMERGENCY GENERATOR O PROPOSED VERIZON WIRELESS POST —MOUNTED WORK LIGHT: (2) TOTAL O ED RENEGADE TOWERS BS —0 H MONOPINE W/ SUBTERRPNEAN FOUNDATION PROPOSED VERIZON WIRELESS GPS ANTENNA MOUNTED TO H—FRAME; (1) TOTAL O PROPOSED T—MOBILE STANDOFF ARMS O PRO POWED OVERRON� NELESS EEOU IPMENT CABINETS MOUNTED N RAISE STEEL BEAMS: (2) TOTAL ODISTANCED ?—PMOBILE 29 —D ANTENNA EXCWSION O PROPOSED VEARIN WIRELESS STANDOFF ARMS KEYNOTES 0 Ts o .. �o e A Ta a SELF —INNS oAEL -- — SOUTH ELEVATION 4 � e e AE L L- - —1 A e _ILRa RE N ER------- ------ EAST ELEVATION RENEWDE `T 1owcRs. uc PROJECT INFORMATION: KALA E RENEGADE ERS, LL TOW CURRENT ISSUE DATE: ()S/Z7I2()22 ZONING DRAWINGS CEO DOLE DESCRIPTION By REPARED Cl PLANS MPSQUAR Fj WIRELESS BM I JM I MM LICENSER THIS DOCUMENT IS FOR ZONING PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION SHEET TITLE exc ELEVATIONS SHEET NUMBER'. A005 PROPERTY: TMK (3) 7-3-2-10 ADDRESS: 73-4189 Hawaii Belt Road, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 AREA: 2,040 S.F. PORTION OF 14.890 ACRES APPLICANT: RENEGADE TOWERS LLC OWNER: WILLIAM H WILTON TRUSTEE AGENT: DANETTE MARTIN, (808) 895-3569 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................ 3 WRITTEN STATEMENT.................................................................................................................................. 3 1. DETAILED WRITTEN DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED USE, A STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES AND REASONS FORTHE REQUEST................................................................................................................3 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBJECT PROPERTY IN SUFFICIENT DETAIL TO PRECISELY LOCATE THE PROPERTY. DESCRIBE EXISTING USES, STRUCTURES AND TOPOGRAPHY ........................................... 5 3. STATE/COUNTY PLANS AFFECTING THE SUBJECT REQUEST: STATE LAND USE BOUNDARY DESIGNATION, ZONING, SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLANS.. 5 4. SURROUNDING ZONING AND LAND USES....................................................................................... 6 5. FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP (FIRM) DESIGNATION.....................................................................6 6. FLORAL AND FAUNA RESOURCES.................................................................................................... 6 7. DESCRIPTION OF ACCESS(S) IN THE AREA........................................................................................ 6 8. TRAFFIC IMPACTS............................................................................................................................. 6 9. AVAILABILITY OF UTILITIES: WATER, TELEPHONE, ELECTRICITY, SEWAGE DISPOSAL .................... 7 10. A. WRITTEN DESCRIPTION OF HOW THE REQUEST MEETS WITH THE FOLLOWING STANDARDS 7 B. THE GRANTING OF THE PROPOSED USE SHALL NOT BE MATERIALLY DETRIMENTAL TO THE PUBLIC WELFARE NOR CAUSE SUBSTANTIAL ADVERSE IMPACT TO THE COMMUNITY'S CHARACTER OR TO SURROUNDING PROPERTIES............................................................................ 9 C. THE GRANTING OF THE PROPOSED USE SHALL NOT UNREASONABLY BURDEN PUBLIC AGENCIES TO PROVIDE ROADS AND STREETS, SEWERS, WATER, DRAINAGE, SCHOOL IMPROVEMENTS, POLICE AND FIRE PROTECTION AND OTHER RELATED INFRASTUCTURE .......... 9 TELECOMMUNICATION TOWERS ATTACHMENT TO USE PERMIT 1. What is your schematic plan for tower development on the Big Island? Provide a map and written description of these sites. Justify how this particular subject site plays an integral part in thisoverall plan..............................................................................................................................12 2. Building plans for the tower, certified by a structural engineer licensed in the State of Hawaii, verifying that the tower, together with initial antennas and other equipment proposed to be installed thereon for co -location, are structurally sound and wind resistant ................................ 12 3. A design plan for the tower and appurtenant structures, including discussion on tower selection and antennas, visual impacts, color, lighting, landscaping and safety ...........................12 11 4. A statement from the applicant that the request complies with the Federal Aviation Administration that the application has not been found to be a hazard to air navigation ...........12 5. A statement from the applicant that the request complies with the regulations of the Federal Communications Commission, including requirements on radio frequency emissions, or a statement that no such compliance is necessary........................................................................... 12 6. A statement from the applicant that the proposed use will not interfere with the County of Hawaii public safety radio system..................................................................................................13 7. A statement from the applicant that space on the tower for co -location of antennas or attachments will be made available to other providers, if this can be done without substantial interference to the applicant's use of the tower. If you are an infrastructure company, a commitment from a minimum of two service providers shall be identified in the application.... 13 8. A statement from the applicant that diligent, but unsuccessful efforts to install or colocate the applicant's telecommunication antennas on existing towers or feasible antenna support structures have been made. Identify those sites that you have investigated and explain how those sites are inadequate and how the site selected is the least obtrusive ................................. 13 9. Provide justification for the height of the proposed tower by including propagation maps for the coverage area at proposed the height and at a lower height if the proposed tower is more than 100-feet tall. If the site involves increasing the height of an existing tower, provide propagation maps to show analysis of signal quality at the existing and proposed height........... 13 10. Have you met with adjacent landowners and/or community regarding the development? Provide information regarding those meetings.............................................................................. 14 SCHEMATICPLAN...................................................................................................................................... 15 FEDERAL AIRWAYS AND AIRSPACE REPORT............................................................................................. 22 FCC CONSUMER FACTS — HUMAN EXPOSURE TO RADIO FREQUENCY FIELDS ......................................... 26 STRUCTURAL ENGINEER LETTER....................................................................................................... 28 PHOTOSIMULATIONS................................................................................................................................ 30 SHPO LETTER.......................................................................................................................... FORTHCOMING 21 "This is a broadband -related permit issued pursuant to section 46-89, Hawaii Revised Statutes." INTRODUCTION The Applicant, Renegade Towers LLC ("Renegade Towers) is requesting a Use Permit to allow the development of an unoccupied Multi -Carrier Telecommunications Facility. The proposed Telecommunication Facility consists of 2,112 s.f. on 14.890 acres of land. The Applicant is proposing an 85' monopine with equipment for its anchor tenant Verizon Wireless which includes equipment cabinets, utility h-frame and diesel emergency generator. The facility will be completely enclosed by a 6' fence in the County's Agriculture 20- acre zone district ("the Project"). Renegade Towers owns, operates and develops towers specifically for the wireless community. Renegade Towers has principles and dedicated consultants in Hawaii, Oregon, California and Nevada. WRITTEN STATEMENT 1. DETAILED WRITTEN DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED USE, A STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES AND REASONS FOR THE REQUEST, INCLUDING HOURS OF OPERATION AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES/CLIENTELE. The Applicant proposes an unoccupied Multi -Carrier Telecommunication Facility on this 14.890 acres of land at 73-4189 Hawaii Belt Road, Kailua Kona, Hawaii 96740, TMK (3) 7-3-2-10 in the County's Agriculture 20-acre zone district ("the Facility"). The proposed Facility is 36' x 58' 8" or 2,112 s.f. The objective is to improve the existing cell phone coverage by filling spotty coverage in the nearby residential neighborhoods including but not limited to Kona Palisades, Kona Highlands, Kona Coast View, Kaiulam Estates, as well as providing coverage on Hawaii Belt Road. As well as bringing high speed wireless broadband to this area. The Hawaii County's zoning code permits telecommunications in the A zoned district if a Use Permit is obtained for such use. The Applicant proposes the use of an 85' monopine to blend with the surrounding area. A monopine is a monopole designed to look like a pine tree. The monopine provides the best option to mitigate any visual impact from the highway and the nearby homes just north of the proposed location. This Facility will operate 24/7 and is not be occupied by employees. Approximately once per month or during an emergency outage, a technician will visit the site for maintenance work. The technician's vehicle will park on the access road in front of the fenced compound. 3 1 P a g e Verizon Wireless has committed to being the anchor tenant. T-Mobile is also expressed a strong interest in collocating on the tower. It is also our belief that AT&T will follow since the service in this area is spotty for all carriers. Verizon Wireless prepared a propagation map showing the existing coverage without the proposed Facility and the coverage expected with the new Facility. There are many residential subdivisions in this area, many of whom have very poor service. Verizon improves the current service issues as can be seen in the propagation map below. a x„ vn `Y.+tr..'a 4 ■ em Wimxw.Ms-� ■ wa r Long -Term Elevation "LTE" and Advanced Wireless System "AWS" Coverage of Existing and Proposed Coverage Verizon's antenna design will use technology known as LTE and AWS. Wikipedia defines these technologies as follows: " Long -Term Evolution (LTE) is a standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals, based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA standards. It improves on those standards' capacity and speed by using a different radio interface and core network improvements." "Advanced Wireless Services (AWS) is a wireless telecommunications spectrum band used for mobile voice and data services, video, and messaging. AWS is used in the United States, Argentina, Canada, Colombia, Mexico, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, Ecuador, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela." Full scale propagation maps are attached as Pages 15 through 21. 41 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBJECT PROPERTY IN SUFFICIENT DETAIL TO PRECISELY LOCATE THE PROPERTY. DESCRIBE EXISTING USES, STRUCTURES AND TOPOGRAPHY. IF ONLY A PORTION OF THE PROPERTY IS TO BE USED, STATE THE USE OF THE REMAINDER OF THE PROPERTY. The proposed Facility is south of the Holy Rosary Catholic Church located off Hawaii Belt Road in Kalaoa across from Mahilam Drive. Access is taken from Hawaii Belt Road onto the same road utilized by the Church and the Kaiulani Subdivision. To get to the proposed site location, turn south and follow Donahue Road mauka approximately 350' from Hawaii Belt Road. The subject parcel is currently being used as residential. Vegetation is primarily trees and bushes, including Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius), individual silver oak trees (Grevillea robusta), strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum), patches of sisal (Agave sisalama), grass as well other exotic vines and weeds. The northern portion of the property is characterized by a rocky, gentle west facing slope. 3. STATE/COUNTY PLANS AFFECTING THE SUBJECT REQUEST: STATE LAND USE BOUNDARY DESIGNATION, ZONING, SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLANS. State Land Use Boundary Designation. The subject property is designated Agricultural by the State's Land Use Boundary map. Telecommunication towers are a permitted use by the State's Land Use Ordinance. General Plan Designation. The subject property is designated intensive agriculture in the County's General Plan. County Zoning Code. The subject property is situated in the County's Agricultural 20-acre (A-20A) zoned district The Zoning Code does allow Telecommunications as a permitted use if a Use Permit is obtained for such use. Community General Plan. The subject property is subject to the Kona Community Development Plan (CDP) . Surrounding Zoning. The surrounding lands are Agricultural and Residential. Special Management Area (SMA). The subject parcel is outside of the County's Special Management Area. Archaeological Resources. An Archaeological Inventory Survey was performed on July 11, 2022. Their report included with this Application. The report concluded that: 5 1 P a g e "As the nearby NRHP/HRHP eligible sites (see Figure 14 and Table 8) are situated within the modern built environment and the tower will look like a natural tree, there will be no added visual impact to the sites by the construction of the proposed cell tower. As Site TS-1 has been documented in detail, has very little remaining excavation potential and no further work is recommended at the site, the proposed cellular tower construction will have no effect to historic properties pursuant to 36 CFR 800.4(d)(1). " Ace Environmental has sent a consultation letter to SHPO. Susan Lebo PhD, SHPO's lead archeologist, has requested a copy of this Application prior to providing a response. SHPO's response will be provided prior to the hearing on this matter. 4. SURROUNDING ZONING AND LAND USES. Only a small portion of this property will be used for this proposed Facility. The surrounding property is zoned agricultural. The Land immediately north is used as a church, across Mamalahoa Highway is residential and another church. Northeast and East are used primarily as agricultural. 5. FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP (FIRM) DESIGNATION State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Flood Hazard Assessment Tool determined that the FIRM designation is "X" - Areas determined to be outside 500-year floodplain determined to be outside the 1% and 0.2% annual chance floodplains. 6. FLORAL AND FAUNA RESOURCES Vegetation is primarily trees and bushes, including Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius), individual silver oak trees (Grevillea robusta), strawberry guava (Psidium cattletanum), patches of sisal (Agave sisalama), grass as well other exotic vines and weeds. The northern portion of the property is characterized by a rocky, gentle west facing slope. 7. DESCRIPTION OF ACCESS(S) IN THE AREA (E.G. WIDTH, TYPE OF SURFACE AND CONDITION OF ROADWAY). IF A PRIVATE ROADWAY, SUBMIT EVIDENCE OF ACCESS RIGHTS Access is taken from Hawaii Belt Road onto the same road utilized by the Church and the Kaiulani Subdivision. To get to the proposed site location, turn south and follow Donahue Road mauka approximately 350' from Hawaii Belt Road. Donahue Road is approximately 12' wide and is paved with asphalt. 8. TRAFFIC IMPACTS — ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING TRAFFIC CONDITIONS, ANTICIPATED INCREASE IN TRAFFIC AND TRAFFIC IMPACTS FROM PROPOSED USE (A FORMAL STUDY MAY BE REQUESTED BY DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS OR DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DURING THE REVIEW PROCESS) 6 1 P a g e A traffic study was not performed for this Project, as this is not an occupied -type facility. Only service personnel who must visit the location on an as -needed basis will have access to the facility. Construction traffic will be limited to delivering of material and construction workers to construct the telecommunication facility. The time period will be approximately 6 weeks from the date of construction start. Parking for the maintenance vehicle is provided within the Property in front of the fenced compound. 9. AVAILABILITY OF UTILITIES: WATER, TELEPHONE, ELECTRICITY, SEWAGE DISPOSAL Water and sewage disposal will not be required for this Facility because it will not be occupied -type Facility. Electricity is readily available on Mamalahoa Highway. The Applicant has not yet discovered if fiber optics are available to this neighborhood, however, it is likely present. If fiber optics is not available or cost prohibitive, a microwave dish will be installed on the tower to provide such service. 10. A. WRITTEN DESCRIPTION OF HOW THE REQUEST MEETS WITH THE FOLLOWING STANDARDS The granting of the proposed use shall be consistent with the general purpose of the zoned district, the intent and purpose of the Zoning Code and the County General Plan; Hawaii County Zoning Code, Section 25-5-72(b)(1) Permitted Uses of the Agriculture zoned district, states in part: "The following uses may be permitted in the A district, provided that a use permit is issued for each use: (1) Golf courses and related golf course uses, including golf course driving ranges, golf maintenance buildings and golf club houses; (2) Telecommunication antennas and Towers." Section 25-4-12. Telecommunication antennas or towers states: (a) A telecommunication antenna or tower shall be permitted in the V, CN CG, CV, MCX, NIL, MG and CDH districts; provided that the antenna, tower, and its use are not hazardous or dangerous to the surrounding area and the director has issued plan approval for such use. A telecommunication antenna or tower may be permitted in the RS, RD, RM, RCX, RA, FA, A, IA and O districts if a use permit is obtained for such use. Where there is an existing telecommunication tower, co -location of additional antenna or equipment will be permitted provided the director has issued plan approval for such use. (b) The minimum setbacks for a telecommunication antenna and tower are as follows: (1) Freestanding antennas and towers supported by guy wires shall be set back from every property line a minimum of one foot for every five foot of antenna or tower height. (2) Telecommunication antennas and towers supported by guy wires shall be set back from every property line a minimum of one foot for every one foot of antenna or tower height." (c) The tower, together with the initial antennas or other equipment proposed to be installed thereon, shall have a hard survivability for sustained winds of at least one hundred miles per hour." 7 1 P a g e This Project is located in the A district, and accordingly requires that a Use Permit be obtained for such use. The tower is setback approximately 58' from the closest property line which complies with the minimum setback requirement of 36' or one foot for every five foot of tower. And, the tower will be designed to meet the 2018 International Building Code, adopted by the County of Hawaii as their governing building code, and will have a hard survivability for sustained winds of one hundred miles per hour. An analysis was conducted by Airspace Federal Airways and Airspace who determined that the 85' tower does not require FAA notice prior to construction. The Applicant's tenants will operate only on licensed frequencies and will not interfere with the County of Hawaii radio system. GENERAL PLAN The General Plan states in part 11. PUBLIC UTILTIES 11.1.2 Goals (a) Ensure that properly regulated, adequate, efficient and dependable public and private utility services are available to users. (b) Maximize efficiency and economy in the provision of public utility services. (c) Design public utility facilities to fit into their surroundings or concealed from public view. 11.1.3 Policies (a) Public utility facilities shall be designed to complement adjacent land uses and shall be operated to minimize pollution or disturbance. (b) Provide utilities and service facilities that minimize total cost to the public and effectively service the needs of the community. (c) Utility facilities shall be designed to minimize conflict with the natural environment and natural resources. (d) Improvement of existing utility services shall be encouraged to meet the needs of users. (e) Encourage the clustering of developments in order to reduce the cost of providing utilities. (f) Develop short and long range capital improvement programs and plans for public utilities within its jurisdiction that are consistent with the General Plan. (g) Water, sewerage, electricity, gas, and telecommunication services are treated individually in this section to clarify the factors that comprise the public utilities element. "11.3 Telecommunications 11.3.2 Policies (a) Encourage underground telephone lines where they are economically and technically feasible. (b) Work with the telecommunications industry to increase the availability of emergency telephones throughout the island. (c) Develop standards for the construction of wireless telecommunication facilities. (d) Work closely with the telephone company to provide all users with efficient service. 11.3.3 Standard (a) In the development and placement of telephone facilities, such as lines, telecommunications and cellular towers, poles, and substations, the design of the facilities shall consider the existing environment, and scenic view and vistas shall be considered and preserved where possible." This application is consistent with the intent and purpose of the County's Zoning Code and General Plan 8 1 P a g e B. THE GRANTING OF THE PROPOSED USE SHALL NOT BE MATERIALLY DETRIMENTAL TO THE PUBLIC WELFARE NOR CAUSE SUBSTANTIAL ADVERSE IMPACT TO THE COMMUNITY'S CHARACTER OR TO SURROUNDING PROPERTIES (a) The Project Enhances the Public Welfare The proposed Facility improves and broadens communications access for a larger number of residents and along with traffic along Mamalahoa Highway. The ability for area residents to have access to the intemet will permit children and students of all ages to easily obtain and submit information for educational purposes, and individuals will be provided the opportunity to easily transact business locally, statewide, nationally, and internationally from their homes. The Facility will also provide E911 emergency service. Quality telephone and broadband communications clearly enhances the public's welfare. (b) The Project does not Adversely Affect the Surrounding Property RF Emissions: The operation of the antenna does not present health hazards or cause interference with other electronic appliances and equipment. Section 704 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (47 U.S.C. 332(c), as amended) recognizes the absence of health hazards from wireless radio wave transmissions and prohibits local authorities from regulating the placement of such towers based on environmental effects, as long as those towers comply with the Federal Communication Commission's guidelines. The Project will be designed to strictly comply with those guidelines. A copy of the FCC Consumer Facts — Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Fields: Guidelines for Cellular & PCS Sites is attached as Pages 26 - 27. Noise Impacts: The only source of noise that may be emitted from the Project results from an air conditioner necessary to maintain correct temperature and humidity in the equipment cabinets and a generator to be operated during emergencies and routine maintenance. The resulting noise from the air conditioner is virtually inaudible from farther than 100 feet except under extraordinarily quiet conditions, and the occasional use of a generator during maintenance or power outages is not a substantial negative impact in this area. Visual Impacts: Pursuant to the standards set forth in the General Plan, "the design of the facilities shall consider the existing environment, and scenic view[s] and vistas shall be considered and preserved where possible." The existing environment surrounding the Property is mostly primarily large parcels with the exception of the Kaiulam Subdivision with some homes located more than more than 200 ft away from the tower. The tower will be disguised to look like a pine tree. The tower will be surrounded by the existing landscaping to minimize any impact to the surrounding community. The ground equipment will also be fenced with chain link with inserted green slats. There are no notable mauka or makai scenic views or vistas. C. THE GRANTING OF THE PROPOSED USE SHALL NOT UNREASONABLY BURDEN PUBLIC AGENCIES TO PROVIDE ROADS AND STREETS, SEWERS, WATER, DRAINAGE, SCHOOL IMPROVEMENTS, POLICE AND FIRE PROTECTION AND OTHER RELATED INFRASTUCTURE 9 1 P a g e Only electrical and fiber optics are required for the proposed use. Electricity is located on the overhead utility poles at Mamalahoa Highway adjacent to the subject parcel. Fiber optics should be available to this location. In the event fiber optics cannot be delivered to this location, a microwave dish would be added to the tower to bring the service from another location. No public expenditures for road, street, sewer, water, drainage, or schools or increased police or fire protection are required. The Project enhances police and fire protection by affording wireless voice and data services to remote land areas so that emergency and crime -fighting officials can be contacted in the event of an emergency. 101 Page TELECOMMUNICATION TOWERS ATTACHMENT TO SPECIAL PERMIT OR USE PERMIT APPLICATIONS In addition to the requirements for submitting a Special Permit or Use Permit Application, please provide the following additional information when applying for a telecommunication tower: What is your schematic plan for tower development on the Big Island? Provide a map and written description of these sites. Justify how this particular subject site plays an integral part in this overall plan. The surrounding residential areas currently have very poor service. This project will provide quality service to the surrounding community, Maps showing how the proposed tower will provide coverage, along with the existing Verizon facilities nearby. See Pages 15 and 21. 2. Building plans for the tower, certified by a structural engineer licensed in the State of Hawaii, verifying that the tower, together with initial antennas and other equipment proposed to be installed thereon for co -location, are structurally sound and wind resistant. Christopher P. Sekol, a structural engineer licensed in the State of Hawaii, provided a letter dated September 1, 2022. The letter states that: "DaVinci Engineering intends to design this 85-ft pine tree to withstand the basic wind speed of 101 mph per the ANSI/TIA-22-G-2. The wind speed is a design speed which means that the structure will safely withstand the full design wind speed within the specifications for limit -state as defined by the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) methodology." The letter is attached to this report at page 28. 3. A design plan for the tower and appurtenant structures, including discussion on tower selection and antennas, visual impacts, color, lighting, landscaping and safety. The Applicant proposes the use of an 85' monopine designed to resemble a pine tree to blend with the surrounding area. Security lighting mounted near the ground equipment will comply with the County of Hawaii Lighting Ordinance. Photo simulations were prepared to show the Commissions how the monopine will be viewed for 3 vantage points. Please see the photo simulations on pages 30 to 33. 4. A statement from the applicant that the request complies with the Federal Aviation Administration that the application has not been found to be a hazard to air navigation. A study was conducted by the Federal Airways and Airspace for the construction of the 85' tower. The study concluded that "Notice to the FAA is not required at the analyzed location and height for slope, height or Straight -In procedures." A copy of the report is attached as Pages 22 - 25. 111 Page 5. A statement from the applicant that the request complies with the regulations of the Federal Communications Commission, including requirements on radio frequency emissions, or a statement that no such compliance is necessary. The Applicant is a tower infrastructure company and is not required to be licensed by the Federal Communications Commission. As an infrastructure company, it does not operate the antennas and equipment. No compliance is necessary by the Applicant. 6. A statement from the applicant that the proposed use will not interfere with the County of Hawaii public safety radio system. The Applicant will not operate the radio equipment. However, its tenants are required to operate on licensed frequencies and may not interfere with the County's public safety radio system. 7. A statement from the applicant that space on the tower for co -location of antennas or attachments will be made available to other providers, if this can be done without substantial interference to the applicant's use of the tower. If you are an infrastructure company, a commitment from a minimum of two service providers shall be identified in the application. The Applicant is a tower infrastructure company and commits to design this tower to accommodate co -location of other providers up to 4 carriers. 8. A statement from the applicant that diligent, but unsuccessful efforts to install or colocate the applicant's telecommunication antennas on existing towers or feasible antenna support structures have been made. Identify those sites that you have investigated and explain how those sites are inadequate and how the site selected is the least obtrusive. The Applicant has contacted AT&T, Verizon and T-Mobile to determine if they had a need for expanded service in this area. Verizon Wireless has committed to be the anchor tenant and T- Mobile is also interested in co -locating on the proposed tower to provide expanded coverage to the surrounding subdivisions and Mamalahoa Highway. AT&T is expected to follow. There are no towers or tall buildings in this area that would provide the enough height to mount antennas to cover the target area. This proposed tower will complement the existing coverage by expanding the coverage footprint as seen on the propagation maps prepared by Verizon and submitted herewith. 9. Provide justification for the height of the proposed tower by including propagation maps for the coverage area at proposed the height and at a lower height if the proposed tower is more than 100-feet tall. If the site involves increasing the height of an existing tower, provide propagation maps to show analysis of signal quality at the existing and proposed height. Wireless antennas are generally located at or near the top of towers, water tanks, or buildings. The electromagnetic energy emitted from the antennas lose power rapidly the farther you get from the transmission point. This requires the position of the monopoles and antennas at strategic 121 Page points in an area to obtain the largest coverage with the minimal antennas to ensure the highest level of quality service. In general, the antennas must have line of sight to its intended coverage area. Topography and tall trees are the main factor in establishing the necessary height needed for the antennas. The antennas cannot be too tall because it would cause interference at existing sites. The antennas cannot be too short because they wouldn't provide the necessary coverage. The radio frequency engineers at Verizon Wireless propagated the expected coverage considering the many factors including the location of existing sites, topography, trees, etc. The results are provided in the schematic maps provided on Pages 15 and 21. The propagation maps show coverage including but not limited to Kona Palisades, Kona Highlands, Kona Coast View, Kaiulam Estates, as well as providing coverage on Hawaii Belt Road. If the tower's height would be reduced, it would reduce the coverage footprint for the other carriers who will be eventually install their antennas below the height proposed for Verizon. 10. Have you met with adjacent landowners and/or community regarding the development? Provide information regarding those meetings. No meetings were held. 13 1 Coverage Plots Proposed cell site - Kona Palisades VERIZON Network Performance, PNW - Hawaii 10/4/2022 15 1 Page Kona Palisades 700 LTE Coverage Power on proposed site only 700 LTE provides largest coverage area x i 16 Page Verizon confid ential and propriet ary. Unauthorized d is closure, reproducti on or other use prohi bited. 2 Kona Palisades Coverage - Current On -Air sites 700 LTE Coverage r 17 I Page Verizon confidential and proprietary. Unauthorized disclosure, reproduction or other use prohibited. 3 Kona Palisades Coverage - Current On -Air Sites + Proposed Site 700 LTE Coverage ` 18 I Page Verizon confidential and proprietary. Unauthorized disclosure, reproduction or other use prohibited. 4 Kona Palisades AWS Coverage Power on proposed site only AWS provides higher data speeds 19 1 Page Verizon confidential and proprietary. Unauthorized disclosure, reproduction or other use prohibited. Kona Palisades AWS Coverage - Current On Air Sites Power on proposed site only AWS provides higher data speeds 20 1 Page 4 Verizon confidential and proprietary. Unauthorized disclosure, reproduction or other use prohibited. 6 Kona Palisades AWS Coverage - Current On Air Sites + Proposed Site Power on proposed site only AWS provides higher data speeds f.. A s � 3 21 Page Verizon confidential and proprietary. Unauthorized disclosure, reproduction or other use prohibited. 7 9976 Peak Lookout Street, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89178 Phone: 702-614-4431; Fax: 702-614-4171 www.aceenvironmentalllc.com Renegade Towers LLC Site Kalaoa 73-4189 Hawaii Belt Rd. Kailua Kona, Hawaii County, HI 96745 Findings: FAA Notice Not Required. AM Study Not Required. 22 1 Page August 30, 2022 Prepared for: Renegade Towers LLC 6710 Elverton Dr. Oakland, CA 94611 Ll **************************************************** * Federal Airways & Airspace * * Summary Report: New Construction * * Antenna Structure * **************************************************** 1550-58'-39.49" Airspace User: File: KALAOA Location: Kailua Kona, HI Latitude: 190-431-34.77" Longitude: SITE ELEVATION AMSL...... 1865 ft. STRUCTURE HEIGHT ......... 85 ft. OVERALL HEIGHT AMSL...... 1950 ft. NOTICE CRITERIA FAR 77.9(a): NNR (DNE 200 ft AGL) FAR 77.9(b): NNR (DNE Notice Slope) FAR 77.9(c): NNR (Not a Traverse Way) FAR 77.9: NNR FAR 77.9 IFR Straight -In Notice Criteria for KOA FAR 77.9: NNR (No Expected TERPS® impact with MUE) FAR 77.9(d): NNR (Off Airport Construction) NR = Notice Required NNR = Notice Not Required PNR = Possible Notice Required (depends upon actual IFR procedure) For new construction review Air Navigation Facilities at bottom of this report. Notice to the FAA is not required at the analyzed location and height for slope, height or Straight -In procedures. Please review the 'Air Navigation' section for notice requirements for offset IFR procedures and EMI. OBSTRUCTION STANDARDS FAR 77.17(a)(1): DNE 499 ft AGL FAR 77.17(a)(2): DNE - Airport Surface 23 1 Page FAR 77.19(a): DNE - Horizontal Surface FAR 77.19(b): DNE - Conical Surface FAR 77.19(c): DNE - Primary Surface FAR 77.19(d): DNE - Approach Surface FAR 77.19(e): DNE - Approach Transitional Surface FAR 77.19(e): DNE - Abeam Transitional Surface VFR TRAFFIC PATTERN AIRSPACE FOR: INTL AT Type: A RD: 23866.43 RE: 37.4 FAR 77.17(a)(1): DNE FAR 77.17(a)(2): DNE - feet AGL. VFR Horizontal Surface: DNE VFR Conical Surface: DNE VFR Primary Surface: DNE VFR Approach Surface: DNE VFR Transitional Surface: DNE KOA: ELLISON ONIZUKA KONA Height No Greater Than 200 The structure is within VFR - Traffic Pattern Airspace Runway Side Area. Structures that exceed horizontal, conical, and/or 500' AGL will receive a hazard determination from the FAA. VFR TRAFFIC PATTERN AIRSPACE FOR: MUE: WAIMEA-KOHALA Type: A RD: 143316.7 RE: 2661.8 FAR 77.17(a)(1): DNE FAR 77.17(a)(2): DNE - Greater Than 5.99 NM. VFR Horizontal Surface: DNE VFR Conical Surface: DNE VFR Primary Surface: DNE VFR Approach Surface: DNE VFR Transitional Surface: DNE TERPS DEPARTURE PROCEDURE (FAA Order 8260.3, Volume 4) FAR 77.17(a)(3) Departure Surface Criteria (40:1) DNE Departure Surface MINIMUM OBSTACLE CLEARANCE ALTITUDE (MOCA) FAR 77.17(a)(4): DNE - No Airway Found PRIVATE LANDING FACILITIES No Private Landing Facilites Are Within 6 NM AIR NAVIGATION ELECTRONIC FACILITIES FAC ST DIST DELTA GRND APCH IDNT TYPE AT FREQ VECTOR (ft) ELEVA ST LOCATION ANGLE BEAR -------------- -- ------ ------ ------ ----- ---------- 2 24 1 Page KOA RADAR I 293.66 20076 +1787 HI KONA 5.09 Warning! EMI Notice Required For new construction. This structure is located within 5 NM of an Air Traffic Radar facility. Exceeds Radar EMI Notice Height Criteria for new structures. The calculated Radar Line -Of -Sight (LOS) distance is: 70 NM. This location and height is within the Radar Line -Of - Sight. KOA VORTAC R 112.1 261.86 23375 +1914 HI KONA 4.68 KOA LOCALIZER I ELLISON ON 4.59 174 MUE VOR/DME R KAMUELA -.29 HKM RADAR WXL ON KAMUEL -.71 UPP VORTAC R POINT .06 109.7 265.27 24004 +1928 HI RWY 17 113.3 46.93 144653 -720 HI a01M ►=r7G1e1Fr�Is1�� 112.3 14.98 178298 +190 HI UPOLU CFR Title 47, §1.30000-§1.30004 NOT REQUIRED: Structure is not within critical wavelength(s) of a FCC licensed AM radio station. Movement Method Proof and notification to the AM station is not required. Please review AM Station Report for details. Airspace® Summary Version 22.7.647 AIRSPACE® and TERPS® are registered ® trademarks of Federal Airways & Airspace® Copyright © 1989 - 2022 08-30-2022 12:04:58 3 25 1 Page Background Primary antennas for transmitting wireless telephone service, including cellular and Personal Communications Service (PCS), are usually located outdoors on towers, water tanks and other elevated structures like rooftops and sides of buildings. The combination of antenna towers and associated electronic equipment is referred to as a "cellular or PCS cell site" or "base station." Cellular or PCS cell site towers are typically 50- 200 feet high. Antennas are usually arranged in groups of three, with one antenna in each group used to transmit signals to mobile units, and the other two antennas used to receive signals from mobile units. At a cell site, the total radio frequency (RF) power that can be transmitted from each transmitting antenna depends on the number of radio channels (transmitters) that have been authorized by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the power of each transmitter. Although the FCC permits an effective radiated power (ERP) of up to 500 watts per channel (depending on the tower height), the majority of cellular or PCS cell sites in urban and suburban areas operate at an ERP of 100 watts per channel or less. An ERP of 100 watts corresponds to an actual radiated power of 5-10 watts, depending on the type of antenna used. In urban areas, cell sites commonly emit an ERP of 10 watts per channel or less. For PCS cell sites, even lower ERPs are typical. As with all forms of electromagnetic energy, the power density from a cellular or PCS transmitter rapidly decreases as distance from the antenna increases. FCC Consumer Facts Background (cont'd.) Consequently, normal ground -level exposure is much less than the exposure that might be encountered if one were very close to the antenna and in its main transmitted beam. Measurements made near typical cellular and PCS cell sites have shown that ground -level power densities are well below the exposure limits recommended by RF/microwave safety standards used by the FCC. Guidelines In 1996, the FCC adopted updated guidelines for evaluating human exposure to RF fields from fixed transmitting antennas such as those used for cellular and PCS cell sites. The FCC's guidelines are identical to those recommended by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), a non-profit corporation chartered by Congress to develop information and recommendations concerning radiation protection. The FCC's guidelines also resemble the 1992 guidelines recommended by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), a non-profit technical and professional engineering society, and endorsed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), a nonprofit, privately -funded membership organization that coordinates development of voluntary national standards in the United States. FCCFederal Communications Commission Consumer & Governmental Affairs Bureau 1-888-CALL-FCC (1-888-225-5322) TTY: 1-888-TELL-FCC (1-888-835-5322) (More) 0 445 12th St., SW • Washington, DC 20554 Fax 1-866-418-0232 www.fcc.gov/cgb 26 1 Page Guidelines (cont'd.) In the case of cellular and PCS cell site transmitters, the FCC's RF exposure guidelines recommend a maximum permissible exposure level to the general public of approximately 580 microwatts per square centimeter. This limit is many times greater than RF levels typically found near the base of cellular or PCS cell site towers or in the vicinity of other, lower -powered cell site transmitters. Calculations corresponding to a "worst -case" situation (all transmitters operating simultaneously and continuously at the maximum licensed power) show that, in order to be exposed to RF levels near the FCC's guidelines, an individual would essentially have to remain in the main transmitting beam and within a few feet of the antenna for several minutes or longer. Thus, the possibility that a member of the general public could be exposed to RF levels in excess of the FCC guidelines is extremely remote. When cellular and PCS antennas are mounted on rooftops, RF emissions could exceed higher than desirable guideline levels on the rooftop itself, even though rooftop antennas usually operate at lower power levels than free-standing power antennas. Such levels might become an issue for maintenance or other personnel working on the rooftop. Exposures exceeding the guidelines levels, however, are only likely to be encountered very close to, and directly in front of, the antennas. In such cases, precautions such as time limits can avoid exposure in excess of the guidelines. Individuals living or working within the building are not at risk. For More Information For more information on RF exposure, you can visit the FCC's RF Safety website at www.fcc.gov/oet/rfsafety. For further information about this issue or any other telecommunications -related issues, visit the FCC's Consumer & Governmental Affairs Bureau website at www.fcc.gov/consumer- governmental-affairs-bureau, or contact the FCC's Consumer Center by calling 1-888-CALL- FCC (1-888-225-5322) voice or 1-888-TELL-FCC (1-888-835-5322) TTY; faxing 1-866-418-0232; or writing to: Federal Communications Commission Consumer & Governmental Affairs Bureau Consumer Inquiry and Complaints Division 455 12t" Street, SW Washington, DC 20554. For this or any other consumer publication in an accessible format (electronic ASCII text, Braille, large print or audio) please write or call us at the address or phone number below, or send an email to FCC5040fcc. pov. To receive information on this and other FCC consumer topics through the Commission's electronic subscriber service, click on www.fcc. pov/cpb/contacts. This document is for consumer education purposes only and is not intended to affect any proceeding or cases involving this subject matter or related issues. CFCC Federal Communications Commission Consumer & Governmental Affairs Bureau 445 12th St., SW • Washington, DC 20554 1-888-CALL-FCC (1-888-225-5322) TTY: 1-888-TELL-FCC (1-888-835-5322) Fax 1-866-418-0232 www.fcc.gov/cgb _ 271 Page ,. NVinci4niinearinj, Inc. 191 S. House Rock Dr. Cedar City, Utah 84720 September 1, 2022 Renegade Towers, LLC 6710 Elverton Dr. Oakland, CA 94611 Attn: Michael Miller Re: Proposed Structural Design of 85-Ft. Pine Tree Monopole 73-4189 Hawaii Belt Rd. Kailua Kona, HI: 19' 43' 34.76", -155' 58' 39.53" Renegade Towers, LLC Site Name: Kalaoa; Site # RT-108 DaVinci Engineering, Inc. # 3322244-056 Mr. Miller: DaVinci Engineering, Inc. is pleased to provide continuing engineering services through the development of the above referenced telecommunications site. DaVinci Engineering understands that there may be some concern on the part of local building officials regarding the design wind speed of 130 mph for the 85-ft Pine Tree Monopole. We would like to take this opportunity to discuss the required design criteria speed per the Nov. 13, 2018 adoption of the State of Hawaii State Building Code Council which adopted the 2012 IBC w/ Amendments. There are No Amendments to IBC Ch. 1609. Per section 1609.1.1 & 3108 of the 2012 International Building Code, communication structures shall be designed in accordance with the Electronic Industries Association/Telecommunications Industries Association Standards ANSI/TIA-222-G-2, "Structural Standards for Steel Antenna Towers and Antenna Supporting Structures". The 2012 IBC recommends a 130 mph Vuit design wind for this site location, which is equivalent to 101 mph Vasa in the ANSI/TIA-222-G-2 standard. The TIA-222-G uses the following factors that should be considered in the design wind pressure of this monopole tower. Structure Class: Used to determine the importance factor for the structure based on the hazard to human life, property damage, and the necessity of essential services. Exposure Category: An exposure category that adequately reflects the characteristics of ground surface irregularities at the site shall be determined. Account shall be taken of variations in ground surface roughness that arise from natural topography and vegetation as well as from constructed features. Topographic Category: A factor to consider wind speed-up at isolated hills, ridges and escarpments constituting abrupt changes in the general topography. Wind Speed: The basic wind speed and ice thickness shall be at a minimum per the IBC wind maps and shall be considered to come from any horizontal direction. "Ti4 rnini GraxtiVit� into j{extit-7- " www.dai,inci-enjzitteerinjz.com 191 S. House Rock Dr. Cedar City, Utah 84720 (805) 922-5221 28 1 Page Gust Effect Factors: Factors that account for the effects of wind gusting and the calculated response of a monopole type structure. Load Combinations: Used to determine the "timing" or combinations of loads on the structure at the same time per the 2012 IBC section 1605. The specific factors used for this site are as follows: Structure Class: Importance factor = 1.0 Exposure Category: Category C Topographic Category: Category 91 Wind Speed: 101 mph Gust Effect Factors: 1.1 per ANSI/TIA-222-G for monopole structures Load Combinations: 1.213L + 1.6WL & 0.9DL + 1.6WL DaVinci Engineering intends to design this 85-ft pine tree monopole to withstand a basic wind speed of 101 mph per the ANSI/TIA-222-G-2. The wind speed is a design wind speed, which means that the structure will safely withstand the full design wind speed within the specifications for limit -state as defined by the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) methodology. We hope this review of the tower design criteria has given you a greater degree of comfort regarding the design capacity inherent in telecommunication structures. I have specialized in the design of telecommunication structures for over 20 years. If you have any additional questions please call me direct at (805) 922-5221. Sincerely, DaVinci Engineering, Inc. Simon W. Leland, P.E. Director of Engineering simon.leland(a�davinci-engineeriLg.com (.` UGENSE© -0) G STRUCTURAL +' * ENGINEER k No, 0124 Christopher P. Sekol Engineer of Record "Ti i rnini GreatiVit� into ,Realit7- www.davinei-en,-ineerin,-.com 191 S. House Rock Dr. Cedar City, Utah 84720 (805) 922-5221 29 1 Page N .. } a • / ■ TOWERS. LLC 01 4-7 ;P � ,� � ■ ■ Kaalek Sr r It I • m y -e A Ak fp ,� sM■Iq r 1 1 1_ w ■� Fr e 5 SITE ■ P ' Aq 10 Ahwani5 � u ; 5. r Ah•!- Y IL *• • .. S .. .- _-. 'A - d�c .4 1 - � � ;4hi4awast .. ! � tYm;h'FalmsO wv.-..�.,. ,.... _� _. ,. .., r Photosimulation of the view looking southwest from Kauilaniakea Drive. Kalaoa 73-4189 Hawaii Belt Road Kailua Kona, HI 96745 311 r age Ve-ion Date'.June 12.2322 Photosimulation of the view looking southeast from Mahilani Drive, acrosss the Mamalahoa Hwy. Kallua Kona, Hi 96745 .>>v32, ["Pat 1--' .., .s-.p � n co r • =r, -.', lil -.,lion -s s ict!y c,oh bated. -^rff iy lehrei si I„rce is oern" ssible. This phelosi-JaFor, is cased -pc,n nior )a i_r urovi.ieo by the projec appl runt_ ANX Existing " x_ r oppw � Yale M P *FYC3[ i Signature: �V'JaN Signature • Ml�h-[mIue�(N-2,mzz 21:52 PDT) wardwum-(N-3,202207:23 Nsr) Email: michael@vistatowers.net Email: willyhwilton@gmail.com Use Permit Application Final Audit Report 2022-11-03 Created: 2022-11-03 By: Danette Mettler (danette@martinpacific.com) Status: Signed Transaction ID: CBJCHBCAABAARKxHy-C6QGn3LTwLFFrQlp7WVttpZour "Use Permit Application" History Document created by Danette Mettler (danette@martinpacific.com) 2022-11-03 - 0:19:06 AM GMT- IP address: 66.75.126.107 Document emailed to Michael Miller (michael@vistatowers.net) for signature 2022-11-03 - 0:23:38 AM GMT Email viewed by Michael Miller (michael@vistatowers.net) 2022-11-03 - 4:51:26 AM GMT- IP address: 185.223.152.44 Document e-signed by Michael Miller (michael@vistatowers.net) Signature Date: 2022-11-03 - 4:52:02 AM GMT - Time Source: server- IP address: 185.223.152.44 Document emailed to willyhwilton@gmail.com for signature 2022-11-03 - 4:52:06 AM GMT Email viewed by willyhwilton@gmail.com 2022-11-03 - 5:19:37 PM GMT- IP address: 174.253.193.199 Signer willyhwilton@gmail.com entered name at signing as william howard wilton 2022-11-03 - 5:23:52 PM GMT- IP address: 174.253.193.199 y Document e-signed by william howard wilton (willyhwilton@gmail.com) Signature Date: 2022-11-03 - 5:23:54 PM GMT - Time Source: server- IP address: 174.253.193.199 Agreement completed. 2022-11-03 - 5:23:54 PM GMT Adobe Acrobat Sign DeVera, Ashley From: danette@martinpacific.com Sent: Wednesday, November 16, 2022 11:19 AM To: DeMello, Melanie Cc: 'Michael Miller'; Dameg, Randy; Jackson, Trevor; Kay, Christian Subject: RE: Donahue Road in Kalaoa - Use Permit Application - Renegade Towers Thank you for confirming that this road is public and considered a road -in -limbo. I'm coping Christian Kay with the Planning Department in the event he has additional questions. Danette Martin Consultant to Renegade Towers 76-6357 Kololia Street Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 Telephone: 808-895-3569 From: DeMello, Melanie <Melanie.DeMello@ hawaiicounty.gov> Sent: Wednesday, November 16, 2022 8:22 AM To: danette@martinpacific.com Cc: 'Michael Miller' <michael@vistatowers.net>; Dameg, Randy <Randy.Dameg@hawaiicounty.gov>; Jackson, Trevor <Trevor.Jackson@ hawaiicounty.gov> Subject: RE: Donahue Road in Kalaoa Hi Danette, Donahue Road appears to be what is termed a road -in -limbo according to our files, meaning it is considered a public and legal access however neither the State nor County maintains the road at this time. I hope this is helpful. Thank you, Melanie Melanie DeMello County of Hawai 'i - Department of Public Works Engineering Division, Regulatory Section Aupuni Center, 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 7 Hilo, HI 96720 E-Mail: Melanie. DeMello@ hawaiicounty.gov From: danette@martinpacific.com <danette@martinpacific.com> Sent: Friday, November 11, 2022 11:17 AM To: DeMello, Melanie <Melanie.DeMello@ hawaiicounty.gov> Cc: 'Michael Miller' <michael@vistatowers.net> Subject: Donahue Road in Kalaoa Aloha Melanie, I'm applying for a Use Permit. The Planning Department has the following comment: "Roadway ownership — It appears as though Donahue Road is privately owned. As such, please provide evidence of the landowner's legal access across the private roadway." Accorc road And the Tax Map attached shows the TMK parcel number 28 as x'd out. Please confirm that this is in fact a public road. And if it is not a public road, please help me determine the ownership. Danette Martin Consultant to Renegade Towers 76-6357 Kololia Street Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 Telephone: 808-895-3569 DeVera, Ashley From: danette@martinpacific.com Sent: Friday, March 10, 2023 12:40 PM To: Kay, Christian Cc: Jackson, Maija; 'Menchavez, Jolie (NE)' Subject: RE: Additional Information Needed- Kalaoa Tower Attachments: Kona Palisades Zoning Coverage Plots.pptx 3. A diligent effort has been made by Verizon and T-Mobile to locate on a nearby tower. There are no towers or other tall structures in the area that could provide the necessary coverage. 4. The RF engineer provided a different plot of coverage showing how this site will offload capacity from other existing sites. As you know, there is a substantial number of residences in this area, all needing cell phone and broadband coverage. Each cell sites has capacity for only so much data/voice. The popularity of smart phones has created the need for more cell sites to add capacity. I hope this helps advance our cause. If you need any more information, please let me know. Danette Martin Consultant to General Dynamics and Verizon Wireless 76-6357 Kololia Street Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 Telephone: 808-895-3569 From: Kay, Christian<Christian.Kay@hawaiicounty.gov> Sent: Friday, March 10, 2023 9:44 AM To: danette@martinpacific.com Cc: Jackson, Maija <Maija.Jackson@hawaiicounty.gov> Subject: RE: Additional Information Needed- Kalaoa Tower Aloha Danette, We got the 106 clearance and we're copied on DPW's email re: Donahue Road ownership. I looked through all our recent correspondence and did not see a written response to points 3 & 4 below. If you sent it and I overlooked it, please re -send, if not, please provide a written response and then we can finalize intake of your application. Please let me know if you have any questions. Mahalo, Christian Christian Kay, Planner County of Hawai'i Planning Department Aupuni Center, 101 Pauahi Street, Suite No. 3 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Phone: (808) 961-8136 Fax: (808) 961-8742 Email: christian.kay@hawaiicounty.gov Website: https://www.planning.hawaiicounty.gov/ .� County of Hawai'i 1K.101-01 Zoning & Subdivision Code Update va Project Website: COHcodeupdate.com From: Kay, Christian Sent: Thursday, November 10, 2022 1:45 PM To:'danette@martinpacific.com' <danette@martinpacific.com> Cc: Jackson, Maija<Maila.Jackson@hawaiicounty.gov> Subject: Additional Information Needed- Kalaoa Tower Aloha Danette, We need you to provide us the following information for the Kalaoa Tower Use Permit application before we can accept it as complete: 1. Section 106 approval — We need to have SHPDs concurrence on the Section 106 review prior to us accepting the application as is our standard practice. The application represents that Susan Lebo wants to review a copy of this application as part of the consultation process. As we need SHPD concurrence prior to accepting the use permit application, I would suggest that your consultant include a copy of the application as part of the FCC Form 620 review process and include a concurrence letter when you receive it. 2. Roadway ownership — It appears as though Donahue Road is privately owned. As such, please provide evidence of the landowner's legal access across the private roadway. 3. Co -Location discussion — Question 8 of the Telecommunication Tower Attachment is meant to determine weather service providers can demonstrate diligent efforts to co -locate on existing towers in the area to avoid the proliferation of too many towers in a given area. Your response to this question does not address the intent of the question. While I understand that your client is a tower developer, you still need to address the efforts of at least your potential anchor tenant (Verizon Wireless) to co -locate on existing facilities. 4. Finally, the propagation maps you submitted showing existing and proposed coverage are very similar and the change between existing and proposed is almost imperceptible at that scale. Will you please include some zoomed in maps of the areas of greatest coverage change for ease of viewing? Also, since the apparent changes are so miniscule, will you please provide more of a discussion on the areas that will see increased coverage and to better justify the need for the proposed tower in the area. Once we receive and review the above requested information, we will be happy to process your application for intake. Please let me know if you have any questions. Mahalo, Christian Christian Kay, Planner County of Hawai'i Planning Department Aupuni Center, 101 Pauahi Street, Suite No. 3 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Phone: (808) 961-8136 Fax: (808) 961-8742 Email: christian.kay@hawaiicounty.gov Website: https://www.planning.hawaiicounty.gov/ .� County of Hawai'i *rj�s• Zoning & Subdivision Code Update i�a Project Website: COHcodeupdate.com ow 0 EL a) 05 �y 2 . U) > Liny z Da N Q Now C E 4) 0 M W 0 i n CZ 0 i 4 1 i zU 4� o 0 C) z O N 0 O� W Va N z > N N 0 N 00 N \2\ � � . . . . .� . 0 � O . N .� . � � .. � .� � y : � / � . ........... ........ N � - co ` ) \ ^ \ )_ + { / k \ \ 7 ( { - § § � } [ \ « a - - J / ) _ \ \ \ 2 \ CL } < E ; 2 4 _ } _ 0 E& E _- } Z } j/ / 2 / ) \ \ \ \ \ m \ \ o ƒ R 5 Mn rEf/ a \2: Q < r ) ( 2 » 5 2 \ � f \ r \ -0 \ � � m I N F y� T ■� s Nikon J N O N O N NN L J � Q T � rc N � LIM �f o No i w o N O Q O .7 E a m Q W >��� ° EgN� J N ° E o a s:assaeasasaaeaeeeaaa - 3 O Y E a aca) W � �o (D i-,R-nn v rn x N R y� T LIM ■ 0 N ■ i s 0 .. . 0 C� U) a� c� U) Y CD ■ - U IL `" J \V Q r 0 co MENEM l O O N i s L � s■ nr■ al W O wN W N O ■� N O aJ U w = a 0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY RENEGADE TOWERS SITE KALAOA 73-4189 HAWAII BELT ROAD KAILUA KONA, HAWAII COUNTY, HI 96745 PREPARED FOR: RENEGADE TOWERS LLC 6710 ELVERTON DRIVE OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA 94611 DATED: JULY 11, 2022 PREPARED BY: ACE ENVIRONMENTAL, LLC 9976 PEAK LOOKOUT STREET LAs VEGAS, NEVADA 89178 W WW.ACEENVIRONMENTALLLC.COM ACE PROJECT No. 21-1631-125-089 TABLE OF CONTENTS LISTOF FIGURES......................................................................................................................................11 LISTOF TABLES.........................................................................................................................................I INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................ I METHODS................................................................................................................................................... I ENVIRONMENTALSETTING.................................................................................................................. 8 HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXTS......................................................................................... 9 PRE -Contact era History........................................................................................................... 10 WAHI PANA (LEGENDARY PLACES).................................................................................. 11 EARLY ACCOUNTS OF PREHISTORIC EVENTS IN NORTH KONA ............................. 11 EARLY TRAVEL ACCOUNTS OF THE LANDS OF North Kona ....................................... 12 NATIVE TESTIMONY BEFORE THE COMMISSION TO QUIET LAND TITLES .......... 13 POST -CONTACT HISTORY OF KAHUKU AHUPUA`a..................................................... 15 PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS.........................................................................15 CoastalStudies.......................................................................................................................... 22 NearCoastal Studies................................................................................................................. 25 MiddleElevation Studies.......................................................................................................... 26 UplandStudies.......................................................................................................................... 36 RECORDS SEARCH RESULTS...............................................................................................................46 EXPECTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL PATTERNS..................................................................................... 46 RESULTS OF FIELDWORK.....................................................................................................................47 SUMMARY................................................................................................................................................ 68 CONSULTATION...................................................................................................................................... 68 HISTORIC PROPERTIES SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT & RecomMendations ............................... 69 REFERENCESCITED...............................................................................................................................71 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: 5,500 K-Series Map of Hawaii Showing Location of Project Area (National Geographic Topo!, 2003. Sources: National Geographic Society, USGS)........................... 1 Figure 2: 7.5-Minute Series USGS Topographic Map (Kailua and Keahole Quads) Showing Location of Parcel 010 and Half -Mile Records Search Radius (ESRI 2013. Data Sources: NationalGeographic, USGS).................................................................................................. 2 Figure 3: 7.5-Minute Series USGS Topographic Map (Kailua Quad) Showing Location of Parcel 010, Project Area and Half -Mile Records Search Radius (ESRI 2013. Data Sources: NationalGeographic, USGS).................................................................................................. 3 Figure 4: 7.5-Minute Series USGS Topographic Map (Kailua Quad) Showing Location of Parcel 010, Project Area Survey and Proposed Cellular Facility (ESRI 2013. Data Sources: NationalGeographic, USGS).................................................................................................. 4 Figure 5: Aerial Photograph Showing Location of Parcel 010 and Project Area Pedestrian Survey (Google Earth, 2013 Image. Kalaoa, HI, 5Q 187902 m E 2183880 m N)................. 5 Figure 6: Site Plan View Drawing Showing Proposed Cellular Tower Facility ........................... 6 Figure 7: Portion of Map of Akahipuu Section of North Kona, Hawaii Showing the Locations of the Project Area and Land Grants (Emerson 1888).............................................................. 14 11 Figure 8: 7.5-Minute Series USGS Keahole Quad Map Showing Coastal, Near Coastal and Barren Upland Previous Archaeological Studies (ESRI 2013. Data Sources: National Geographic, USGS). Fertile upland region studies are shown and numbered on a USGS map figurein the section below.................................................................................................... 17 Figure 9: 7.5-Minute Series USGS Map Showing the Location of Clark (1984) Project Area and Archaeological Sites (Keahole Point Quad) (Clark 1984:2, Figure 1)................................. 24 Figure 10: Map Showing Location of Davis (1977) Project Area and Current AIS Project Area (Adapted from Davis 1977:22)............................................................................................. 27 Figure 11: Map Showing Location of Hammatt and Folk (1980) Project Area and Current AIS Project Area (Adapted from Hammatt and Folk 1980:6)..................................................... 29 Figure 12: Map Showing Location of Cleghorn (1998) Project Area (Adapted from Cleghorn 1998 1980: 8)......................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 13: Map Showing Location of Henry et al. (1993) Project Area and Current AIS Project Area (Adapted from Henry et al. 1993:59)........................................................................... 33 Figure 14: 7.5-Minute Series USGS Topographic Map (Kailua Quad) Showing Location of Previous Archaeological Studies, Historic Register Sites, the Current Project Area, and the Half -Mile Records Search Radius (ESRI 2013. Data Sources: National Geographic, USGS). ............................................................................................................................................... 37 Figure 15: Borthwick et al. 1992 Project Area Sites Map (Adapted from Borthwick et al. 1992:4, Figure4)................................................................................................................................ 39 Figure 16: Folk et al. 1998 Project Area Sites Map (Folk et al. 1998:17, Figure 7)................... 41 Figure 17: PHRI AIS Project Area Sites Map (O'Hare and Rosendahl 1991:5, Figure 2)......... 42 Figure 18: Barrera AIS and Data Recovery Project Area Sites Map (Barrera 1995:3, Figure 4). ............................................................................................................................................... 44 Figure 19: 7.5-Minute Series USGS Topographic Map (Kailua Quad) Showing Site TS-1 Archaeological Features Identified within the Current Project Area (ESRI 2013. Data Sources: National Geographic, USGS)................................................................................. 48 Figure 20: Site TS-1 Plan View Map............................................................................................ 49 Figure 21: Photograph of Feature 1, Northeast View.................................................................. 50 Figure 22: Photograph of Feature 2, Northeast View.................................................................. 52 Figure 23: Feature 2, ST-3 North and East Profiles..................................................................... 53 Figure 24: Photograph of ST-3 Base of Excavation Looking East ............................................. 54 Figure 25: Photograph of Feature 3 Northwest Portion, East View ............................................ 56 Figure 26: Photograph of Feature 3 Southeast Portion, East View ............................................. 57 Figure 27: Feature 3, TU-1 East Profile....................................................................................... 58 Figure 28: Photograph of TU-1 Profile, Northeast View............................................................ 59 Figure 29: Photograph of Feature 4, Northwest View................................................................. 61 Figure 30: Feature 4, ST-2 Southwest Profile............................................................................. 62 Figure 31: Photograph of ST-2 Base of Excavation, Northwest View ........................................ 63 Figure 32: Photograph of Feature 5, Southeast View.................................................................. 65 Figure 33: Feature 5, ST-1 Northwest Profile............................................................................. 66 Figure 34: Photograph of Profile of ST-1, North View............................................................... 67 iii LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Inventory of Test Units and Dimensions......................................................................... 8 Table 2: Previous Archaeological Studies within Kalaoa 1-2 Ahupua`a.................................... 20 Table 3: Inventory of Cleghorn (1998) Sites............................................................................... 30 Table 4: Inventory of Henry et al. (1993) Aerial Reconnaissance Sites (Henry et al. 1993:58). 34 Table 5: Inventory of Henry et al. (1993) Pedestrian Survey Newly Identified Sites (Henry et al. 1993:61)................................................................................................................................ 35 Table 6: Previous Archaeological Studies within the Half -Mile Records Search Radius........... 38 Table 7: Barrera (1991) AIS Sites, Significance Assessments and Recommendations (Barrera 1991:7, Table 18).................................................................................................................. 43 Table 8: Sites Eligible for NRHP and/or HRHP Listing within the Half -Mile Records Search Radius................................................................................................................................... 46 INTRODUCTION At the request of Ace Environmental, LLC, Scientific Consultant Services (SCS) conducted an archaeological inventory survey (AIS) for a proposed 58.666 foot long by 36.0 foot wide (2,112.0 square feet; 0.0484 acres) wireless telecommunications facility and 34.0 foot long by 12.0 foot wide (408.0 square feet; 0.009 acres) access road to be constructed along the northern boundary of TMK: (3) 7-3-002:010 located in Kalaoa 1st and 2nd Ahupua`a, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii, Hawaii (Figures 1 through 5). The AIS pedestrian survey was conducted on a 0.25-acre area encompassing the proposed cellular tower project area (see Figures 3, 4 and 5). The pedestrian survey was larger than the proposed cell tower facility and access road and included roughly 0.25 acres. The project area is between 1,857 and 1,870 feet (566-570 meters) above mean sea level (amsl) approximately 8.0 km from the coast. The project area is adjacent to Donahue Road to the north, Mdmalahoa Highway to the west, undeveloped land to the east, and a dirt road and excavated area to the south. Parcel 002 is a 14.89-acre property located at 73-4189 Hawaii Belt Road. The property is owned by William Wilton. MF Tun"Q The archaeological inventory survey was undertaken in accordance with Hawaii Administrative Rules 13§13-284 and was performed in compliance with the Rules Governing Minimal Standards for Archaeological Inventory Surveys and Reports contained in Hawaii Administrative Rules 13§13-276. A cultural resources records search was conducted within a 0.5 mile radius of the subject property to identify historic properties (including archaeological sites, buildings, structures, objects, or districts) listed in or eligible for listing in the regulations implementing Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended. The Scope of Work is in compliance of Federal statutes for a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) licensing of telecommunications towers. The cultural resources records search was conducted at the State Historic Preservation Division library, located in Hilo, Hawaii to locate any historic properties on, or near, lands of the existing proposed cell tower property. In accordance with Section 106 regulations and HRS §6E-2 Historic Preservation Program definitions, 1 B 53000m E, '94—.E. z06- mE, z18.—E, z30—o F. z42—u E, 254—E, =_bbootlm E. z78--E, z90- mE. WG584 Zone 5Q 325 oa nm E, z 5n HAWAII �\ 7HAWAII CO3-47 F °Y 1zfU j' N K ASS. I z ..y `4` ;r;.� �... f �. -�; �dF'�Wy Y, �H �om� I e I z PROJECT AREA, K.a wx r/ n l Tj3.- •'~�r4��%H 1 x. a • - K i^�R - \/. YV•� � •AVAr t114 II � - E ry uFn..�\r � �i:�t `�. !•!Yu sera. �� re .. � \ � e.3_ FSF.K � �K*r .w -... if"G kr _� m M.ob r. I i N.Npn.n z .. - �- �- L _ � f: ,:4 z I i 1 '584 Zone 4Q 8L5000m E, 195o6nm E, ag7000m E, a;gaao'E, z33000m E, xg3ooam E. �SS000m E, �57000m �, x79000.,, £. �9laoom E, 309—E, z19—mE, 0 5 10 15 ?O 25mle �0° 0 5 SO 13 20 25 34 35 40k. Figure 1: 5,500 K-Series Map of Hawaii Showing Location of Project Area (National Geographic Topo!, 2003. Sources: National Geographic Society, USGS). 1 ti U I Vlso .] O ` - • M f 4 C ) M N F V W.07 p4lam. : a. :I RM.r �= i:.� �l:AOp CF�m&_-aa "= MOM Ear i AVQ Igm,A4111 too J�r��`I M _, w ., Im 93 SM the term `Historic Property' minimally "means any building, structure, object, district, area, or site ... which is over 50 years old." The search included a review of all recorded pre -Contact (prior to 1778) and post -Contact (after 1778) historic properties located within a one-half mile (0.5 mile) radius of the project area. A search for previous archaeological reports documenting archaeological resources within the 0.5 mile radius (1320 feet, or 402 meters) of the project parcel, as well as within Kalaoa 1st and 2"d Ahupua`a, were included in the review. In addition, SCS examined the National Register of Historic Places and the Hawaii Register of Historic Places to determine whether registered sites were located within the 0.5 mile radius. The proposed cellular tower field work was conducted by SCS Senior Archaeologists Glenn Escott, M.A. and Tomasi Patolo, B.A. in April and May 2022. Field work totaled 48 person hours. A series of north/south transects spaced two meters apart were walked across the entire project area. Ground cover consisted of trees and some low ferns and bushes. Ground visibility was very good. Glenn Escott was the principal investigator for the study. Sites were plotted with a Garmin GPSMAP64 Global Position System (GPS) unit (1.0 m accuracy) using Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection (Zone 5 North) and NAD83 datum. Site and feature information was recorded on standard SCS site and feature forms. Scale plan view and profile maps were drawn on graph paper with 2.0 mm and 1.0 cm increment grid lines. Color photographs were taken of individual site features using an Whone 8 twelve megapixel camera and 50 cm long stadia rod divided into 10 cm black and white increments and the point of a trowel was used to indicate north. Photograph number location and direction were recorded on standard SCS photo log sheets. One test unit (TU-1) and three stratigraphic trenches (ST) were excavated in Features 2, 3, 4, and 5 (Table 1). The test unit and trenches were excavated to document feature construction and to recover artifacts to aid in determining feature function and age. Test units and trenches were excavated by stratigraphic layers. Matrix removed from TU-1 was screened for cultural material through 1/8th inch mesh. Matrix removed from the trenches was not screened but was visually inspected for artifacts. Descriptions of the number and thickness of stratigraphic layers were recorded for each unit. Soil colors were recorded using Munsell Color Charts (Munsell Color 1994), and soil attributes were recorded with the aid of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Survey Manual (USDA 2018). Soil descriptions included layer, depth/thickness, moisture content, color, structure, pedon description, texture, and clast size. 7 Table 1: Inventory of Test Units and Dimensions. FEATURE # EXC # DIMMS DEPTH AREA 2 ST-3 1.7X0.6m 0.8m 1.02sgm 3 TU-1 0.5 X 0.5 in 0.45 in 0.25 sq in 4 ST-2 1.2X0.5m 0.70m 0.6sgm 5 ST-1 0.9X0.5in 0.3m 0.45sgm TOTAL AREA EXCAVATED 2.32 sq m There were no artifacts, cultural deposits or subsurface features identified in any of the test units. Completed units were photographed and a profile was drawn of one wall at each test unit. Test unit locations were drawn on feature plan view figures. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING The project area is between 1,850 and 1,880 feet (564-573 meters) above mean sea level (amsl) and is westerly sloping land. The ground surface is a Hualalai lava flow dated between 3,000 and 5,000 years before present (Wolfe and Morris (1996). Sediment within the project area is Punaluu extremely rocky peat (rPYD Series) (Sato et al.1974:48). Drainage is to the west. There are no major drainages or gulches within or near to the project area parcel. Annual rainfall is 60 to 70 inches (Giambelluca et al. 2013). Vegetation is primarily trees and bushes, including Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius), individual silver oak trees (Grevillea robusta), strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum), patches of sisal (Agave sisalama), grass as well other exotic vines and weeds. The northern portion of the property is characterized by a rocky, gentle west facing slope. The southern portion has a more moderate slope and is comparatively rockier (Starr Environmental 2017). HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXTS Many archaeologists believe that Hawaii Island was first settled around A.D. 1,000 by people sailing from the Marquesas (Athens et al. 2014; Dye 2011; Kahn et al. 2014; Kirch 2011; Kirch and McCoy 2007; Mulrooney et al. 2011; Reith et al. 2011; Wilmhurst et al. 2011a and 2011b). An article published in the Journal of Archaeological Science reviewing radiocarbon dates recovered at archaeological sites on the Island of Hawaii suggests that, by relying on only carbon samples from short-lived plant remains, the most reliable dates point to initial Polynesian colonization of Hawaii Island occurring between A.D. 1220 and 1261 (Reeth et al. 2011:2747). The recent studies that included Hawaii Island short-lived radiocarbon dating samples assess samples recovered exclusively from sites in North Kohala, South Kohala and Hamakua (Reeth et al. 2011) or from South Point in Ka`u (Dye 1992; Kirch 2011). Many of the former region sites are rock shelters and the latter are sand dune sites. Sixteen radiocarbon samples from North Kohala, South Kohala and Hamakua returned conventional radiocarbon ages from 400 to 781 years before present (Rieth et al. 2011:2745). The early date is consistent with ranges of A.D. 1040-1090 and A.D. 1120-1280 from Ka Lae in South Point, Ka`u discussed by Kirch (2011:20). All of the samples were recovered from sites in and environments that have not been disturbed by modern development or human activity. At present, there are no recent studies conducted in the region of the current project area using short-lived plant remains. The early coastal settlements are located on or adjacent to the dry rocky shoreline or coastal sand dunes and consist of temporary habitation caves and permanent habitation features containing midden, fishing tools, and fish remains (Barrera 1971; Jensen 1989a, 1989b, 1990a, and 1990b). The earlier phases of occupation were likely temporary habitations used when fishing and later permanent habitations developed into small villages associated with fishpond production. It is likely that people living permanently along the dry shoreline shared extended family relations with people inland, allowing for an exchange system that distributed marine resources to inland agriculturalists and brought inland agricultural products to people at the coastal settlements (Clark and Kirch 1983:14; Handy and Handy 1991:314-316; Maly and Maly 2002:2). 9 PRE -CONTACT ERA HISTORY The Hawaiian economy was based on agricultural production and marine exploitation, as well as raising livestock and collecting wild plants and birds. Extended household groups settled in various ahupua'a. During pre -Contact times, there were primarily two types of agriculture, wetland and dry land, both of which were dependent upon geography and physiography. River valleys provided ideal conditions for wetland kalo (Colocasia esculents) agriculture that incorporated pond fields and irrigation canals. Other cultigens, such as k6 (sugar cane, Saccharum ofcinaruma) and mai `a (banana, Musa sp.), were also grown and, where appropriate, such crops as 'uala (sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas) were produced. This was the typical agricultural pattern seen during traditional times on all the Hawaiian Islands (Kirch and Sahlins 1992, Vol. 1:5, 119; Kirch 1985). Current archaeological, linguistic, and ethnological data suggest that Hawaiian social organization initially followed a Polynesian conical clan -pattern in which individual status was based upon genealogical ranking (Green 1980:72). Kinship formed the basis for regional and island -wide societal integration; however, the most important social subsistence unit was the localized, territorial community -based, corporate kin group. Leadership within this group fell to the "highest ranking individual of the locally dominant, socially ranked lineage" (Green 1980:73). This individual acted as the local chief, overseeing the social, political, and economic functioning of the community. The subsequent development of a uniquely Hawaiian institution, the ahupua'a, resulted in a more complex level of social and political integration (Cordy 1978; Hommon 1976; Green 1980; Kirch 1985). The ahupua `a was the fundamental land division in late pre -contact Hawaii. Ideally this land extended from the coast to the mountains —often corresponding with a valley drainage —and thus theoretically crosscut all primary resource zones, allowing each ahupua'a relative economic self-sufficiency. With the emergence of the ahupua'a, however, production shifted from the kinship -based relationship between chief and community to an incipient state - structured hierarchy. On his succession, the paramount chief chose the best lands for himself, and allocated the rest to his... warrior chiefs who had assisted in his conquests... [who], after retaining ... land for themselves, reallotted the remaining lands to the inferior chiefs, who in turn reallotted portions of their lands to their own followers [and so on] down the scale to the lowest tenants, the common farmers who actually tilled the soil [Chinen 1961:7]. 10 The chief (konohiki) responsible for the ahupua `a was now a member of a non -localized ruling elite (ali `i) and extracted rents or tribute from the common people (maka'ainana) working the land. "All of these allotments to lands, from warrior chiefs down to the commoners, were on a revocable basis," and Chinen wryly notes that, "what the superior gave, he was able to take away at pleasure" (Chinen 1961:7). WAHIPANA (LEGENDARY PLACES) The most informative mo `olelo describing events that took place in the barren lands of North Kona District is The Heart Stirring Story of Ka-Miki (Ka `ao Ho `oniva Pu `uwai no Ka- Maiki) recorded and published between 1914 and 1917 in the weekly Hawaiian Newspaper Ko Hoku o Hawai `i and translated by Maly (excerpts cited in Maly 1992). The mo `olelo is set in the 1300s, though it is an early 201h Century collection of narratives about local traditions, tales, and family histories. The tales do have some time depth as they have been handed down through generations. They contain a mixture of "ancient" and 201h Century descriptions of the areas through which Ka-Miki and his brother Maka-`iole traveled. Descriptions of three places related to the current project area, Hale`6hi`u, Kalaoa, and `O`oma, are described in the story. The lands of Kalaoa was named after Chiefess Kalaoa Pu`umoi (Pukui et al. 1976:75) who was well known for her expertise in competitive riddling. Hale-'ohi'u is translated as "house made with a thatching shuttle". Kalua'61apa was the priest of Hale'ohi'u and Kamahoe, also referred to as Na-Kalaoa-wai'ole, translated as "the waterless Kalaoa lands" (Maly 1992:220). Kalua`61apa dwelt along the 'ilima (Sidafallax) covered upland plain of Maulukua. Ka`elehuluhulu is the name of the land, Hale'ohi'u is the sub -district, Kanahaha is the fishing ground, and Keawehala is the landing (Maly 1992: 220). `O`oma is also only mentioned for its famous fishermen (Maly 1992: 386). EARLY ACCOUNTS OF PREHISTORIC EVENTS IN NORTH KONA There is a paucity of prehistoric information pertaining to the lands of the project area and surrounding lands. Cordy notes that the "oral traditions are silent" for the years of early settlement of and expansion along the leeward shores of Hawaii (Cordy 2000: 130). The little information that does exist concerns the activities of ah `i and was collected and published by Fomander, I`i, and Kamakau. 11 Hale`6hi`u is the only area within the project area to be mentioned in these early accounts. Hale`6hi`u was a well-known fishing village at the time of `Umi-a-liloa (Kamakau 1992:216) and is a well-known place to catch "sweet -tasting aku fish" up through the time of Kamehameha (Kamakau 1992:185). During the fourth year of Kamehameha's reign, he was advised by a kaula (a seer devoted to Pele) to go to Kekaha to make sacrifices to Pele in order to stop the lava flow threatening his fishponds and the homes of the people in the area. The lava had already flowed through the adjacent lands of Mahai`ula, Ka`upulehu, and Kiholo. It was believed that Pele desired awa from the fishponds of Ka`upulehu, the `ahi of Kiholo, and the aku from Hale`6hi`u and Ka`elehuluhulu. The flow stopped soon after Kamehameha made sacrifices to Pele. Descriptions of lands both north and south of the project area are brief. `Ohiki is a stretch of sand and Kaloko has a large walled fishpond (Kamakau 1992:56). `O`oma is also mentioned by Kamamkau, but only as an out of way place, where the prince Ke-aweawe`ula was raised until he was five years old. (Kamakau 1992:264). EARLY TRAVEL ACCOUNTS OF THE LANDS OF NORTH KONA William Ellis described two trips he made between Kawaihae and Kailua. He traveled by boat during the first trip and only remarked on the coast to say it was "a rugged and barren shore of lava" (Ellis 2004:83). During his second trip, Ellis traveled by canoe from Kawaihae to Kailua. He left the former at six in the morning, stopped at Kapalaoa around 9:00am, and arrived in Kiholo around 4:00pm. He described Kiholo as "a straggling village, inhabited principally by fishermen" (Ellis 2004:418). He also described the large fishpond created by order of Kamehameha at that village. He left Kiholo just before sunset and arrived at Ka`upulehu between 7:00 and 8:00pm. He records little about the village except that everyone was asleep. When the moon had risen, by 11:00pm, he continued his journey by moonlight, arriving in Kailua an hour before sunrise. In all Ellis makes little description of the coastal area of North Kona District, perhaps because he was traveling at night. Isabella Bird, who traveled from Kailua to Kawaihae some fifty years later described the coastal region by writing, "We sailed for some hours along a lava coast, streamless, rainless, verdureless, blazing under the fierce light of a tropical sun and some time after noon anchored in the scorching bay of Kawaihae" (Bird 2007:144). 12 NATIVE TESTIMONY BEFORE THE COMMISSION TO QUIET LAND TITLES Article IV of the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles was passed in December 1845 and began the legal process of private land ownership. The Mdhele (1848-1850) established a board of five commissioners to oversee land claims and to issue patents and leases for valid claims. Many scholars believe that Kauikeaouli (Kamehameha III) was forced to establish laws in order to protect Hawaiian sovereignty and crown lands from foreigners who had already begun claiming ownership of land they were granted permission to use for homes and business interests (Daws 1968:111; Kame`eleihiwa 1992: 169-70, 176; Kelly 1983: 45; Kuykendall 1938(l): 145 footnote 47, 152, 165-6, 170). Among other things, the foreigners were demanding private ownership of land to secure their island investments (Kuykendall 1938(l): 138, 145, 178, 184, 202, 206, 271; Kame`eleihiwa 1992: 178). As legal statutes defining the Mdhele continued to evolve (up to 1850), the lands of the kingdom of Hawaii were divided among the king (crown lands), the ah `i and konohiki, and the government. Once lands were thus divided and private ownership was instituted, the maka'dinana (commoners), if they had been made aware of the procedures, were able to claim the plots on which they had been cultivating and living as stipulated in the Kuleana Act (1849). These claims, however, could not include any previously cultivated or presently fallow land, okipu `u, stream fisheries, or many other resources traditionally necessary for survival (Kame`eleihiwa 1992:295; Kelly 1983:45-76; Kirch and Sahlins 1992 vol.1:3, 135-137, and vol. 2:2). The right of claimants to land was based on the written testimony of at least two witnesses who could corroborate the claimant's long-standing occupation and use of the parcel(s) in question. The claimant was then awarded a patent for the property, subsequently called Land Commission Awards (LCAs) (Chinen 1961:16). The vast majority of Kalaoa lst though 5th Ahupua`a became government lands. This was especially true of the lands in the lower drier elevations and the thickly forested mountain lands on the flanks of Hualdlai. A number of land grants (LG) were sold on either side of the Hawaii Belt Road (Mdmalahoa Highway) (Figure 7). The current project area is in the northwest corner of Land Grant 2032. LG 2032 was a 43.0 acre parcel in Kalaoa 2nd Ahupua`a sold to Kupono in 1856 (Waihona `Aina). 13 a' y� F• � i� If �1. i d II a � � r` 1 � � F I �❑ f v� ro 11 IHf w J a l'D 11'. R to c7 a -- I 4 eu I Pt a L i N f Q + l� �• x � � a 1 �l ml `�•.�i d z � : � i r �qkk f a. 1 d Jig a " N' .,f ria �'' M ( py U U a� O a� O S~ O U O 1-� N 0 r" x z 0 0 U N 0 O 00 00 O 00 0 r 0 w w 1—, POST -CONTACT HISTORY OF KAHUKU AHUPUA`A The introduction of fee simple land ownership and commercial ventures in cattle ranching, sandalwood collection, supplying whaling vessels, and the cultivation of coffee, sugarcane, and other agricultural crops greatly changed land -use patterns, settlement patterns, and cultural practices. The introduction of commercial economic practices further spurred on these rapid changes. Cattle ranching in particular either restricted or limited the use of entire ahupua `a from the traditional land tenure and horticultural regimes. The current project area is within an area of land grants situated between 800 and 2,000 feet amsl. The lower elevations of this region are semi -arid grasslands used for cattle pasture from the post -Contact period onward. The middle to upper elevations, surrounding the Hawaii Belt Road, receive more rainfall and land grants in this region were the locations of homesteads and small farm gardens. Kalo, sweet potato, coffee, citrus, avocado, mango, cotton, sisal, and vegetables were grown in the farm gardens for commercial sale and for home use. PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS The current AIS project area is between 1,857 and 1,870 feet (566-570 meters) above mean sea level (amsl) approximately 8.0 km from the coast. There is a large number of previous archaeological studies conducted along the coastline and in the near coastal barren region, as well as in the barren upland region of Kalaoa lst and 2nd Ahupua` a (Figure 8). There are only three previous studies in upland forest region of Kalaoa I" and 2nd Ahupua`a (see Figure 8). The coastal, near coastal and barren upland studies are first described in general below, followed by a separate section for the upland forest studies. More than 50 archaeological studies have been conducted in the lower elevations of Kalaoa 1st and 2nd and surrounding ahupua `a (see Figure 8) and only 15 of the most relevant studies conducted in Kalaoa 1-2 and the closest surrounding ahupua `a are described below. Many of the early studies were reconnaissance surveys, some do not have state site numbers assigned, and some did not include project area maps showing site locations or site plan view maps. Those reports that did have project area maps did not depict feature locations and only depicted site location with a circle or square. 15 This Page Intentionally Left Blank 16 O I"r„r x� ^ O � 4 OD mnapa� d••• � I � � r ! Ali f r � Y - • I • � � y � r/ o ¢� P f v 00 e _ r O r Cd1l~— Q4o.. MOIy E LU 1 --00�OamCO .--I I � $ t •-+ N M 7 V1 3 � Y cz Z O cz Q M O N W U 00 The previous archaeological studies suggest that the broad ahupua `a settlement pattern for the area is one of small coastal habitation sites established between A.D. 1300 and A.D. 1400. Initial habitation sites were seasonal and were associated with fishing. Limited horticulture may have been practiced at coastal sites at this time. See the discussion of previous archaeological studies below. From the 1400s to the early historic period, there appears to be a limited expansion in the region between the coastal region up to the fertile upper reaches of the upland forest zone. Expansion in the upland zone is associated with dryland swidden agriculture (Henry et al. 1993:56). Likely, dryland crops consisted of taro, sweet potatoes, gourds, breadfruit, bananas, paper mulberry, ti, and sugar cane. During the historic era, there was increased population growth in the upland forest zone associated with the development of homesteads involved in the growing of coffee and sheep and cattle ranching. The barren middle zone does not appear to be a permanent habitation zone at any time in history. Barren near coastal and upland zone archeological features include pahoehoe excavations, trail segments, cairns, small rock pavements, small temporary habitation c- shape enclosures, and lava tubes (refuge caves and temporary habitation along trail segments). There are resource extraction sites include excavated lava blisters and pahoehoe excavations, likely for the production of abraders. Other blister excavations appear to have been created while hunting nesting birds, or collecting eggs and chicks. There are 15 previous archaeological study project areas within the lower to middle elevations of Kalaoa 1st and 2nd Ahupua`a (see Figure 8 and Table 2). The studies are summarized below beginning with coastal projects, then the inland coastal flat projects and finally, middle elevation barren zone projects. Previous archaeological studies within the fertile upland region are discussed last in a separate section below. 19 occt Nto ul to s� Uul cj .--� =0 n toi ct 00 U p i cd V �' iU� i� bA ct U O ul �cn N c V O CJOC dul ul U M �U" O Sp U n U V V O `n n cam. U cp > d U n ul cd U cd Cj. cd +� c O N s ^C 2 • O � r O M O oc - n .� ��. ct C� O. V i-r C� �--i �--� l� �--� � ti U V1 "O Cj �..i y; U U N 3p� U U si O U Cl U U -0 U— O N M �i LQ cd Q. U ul ulO � c�O ct O cd cU N O m +. -aU M ct N N O �--cj6 o d 0. U N of ct U O of � O O i . ^C N N N ctN rn U �' U U �." t� lo O M s U n s- O to U *�. U U p Q U ... : -o U ct � �i s � O� U� of u R p U �" 4� O 0 U O c U cd Ocn cd O �" �. cd �' y n U U b n V n U 'C _� n O O U n U ct O ct cn ct O ct> ct ct �" n p- N -- N spar N N x C6 Z� Z� U 4: � N E s N c+l l� en O O O O O O O O U O U O O U cn O ct Qj H U U U U U U U Ct Ct Ct ct ct O O O O O O O O O O O o _ 00 aj v, w 00 oc cn ` � o 44ct ti cn 0 ct -a ct 0 ct ct U � QJ O � N M V'1 1p l-- oc O N ct / bl) � � ® .§ g � U � •\N � } \ •§ � $ j cl m, 2& \/ E \ R � � _ § Q •- 2 '\ / .0 Cj '0 22 E\$\° j �C4 � % m «•e Q 6 § � R 2 \ � — 91 / / OU J » » k y ( Qj § 0 k/ � ƒ £ � it / , to k / « k � x Cj � COASTAL STUDIES Project Area 1 (see Figure 8) The Bernice P. Bishop Museum Department of Anthropology (Bishop Museum) conducted a reconnaissance survey on 314 acres at Keahole Point for the proposed Natural Energy Lab Hawaii administered Hawaii Ocean Science and Technology Park (HOST). The reconnaissance survey report (Rosendahl and Kirch 1975) does not contain a project area map or a site map. Fourteen site complexes and individual sites were recorded in the report, including two c-shape rock shelters (Field Site 1 and 2; no state site numbers assigned), nine habitation complexes (Field Site 5, 7, 8 and 10-14; Site 3 assigned State Site 950-10-27- 1918, Site 5 assigned 950-1-27-1919, Site 7 assigned 950-10-27-1920, Site 14 assigned 450-10- 27-1916), a cave shelter and enclosure (Site 4; assigned Site 950-10-27-1917), a cave shelter and cairn (Site 6; no state site number assigned), and a platform and enclosure (Site 9; no state site number assigned) (Rosendahl and Kirch 1975:5). The c-shape shelters were roughly 3.0 to 5.0 meters long by 2.0 in wide and were constructed of low walls 20.0 to 30.0 cm in height. Marine shell and coral were found on the ground surface at both sites, suggesting habitation use. The two small cave shelter sites had dense midden scatters, burnt kukui nut shells, coconut shell fragments, and coral and sea urchin abraders, volcanic glass flakes suggesting repeated use as temporary habitation areas (Rosendahl and Kirch 1975:6-7). The habitation complexes were larger and included modified brackish ponds, rock house enclosures, platforms, cave shelters, and short trail segments (Rosendahl and Kirch 1975:6-9). Large scatters of marine shell, as well as historic artifacts were identified at these sites. The Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii (RCUH) conducted a reconnaissance survey of 22.5 acres within coastal Kalaoa 1-4, as well as within several ahupua `a at Keahole Point, south of Kalaoa 1-4 (Rogers-Jourdane 1978). See Figure 8, project area 1. Three access corridors and two major construction areas were surveyed as part of the study. The project area map in the SHPD copy of the pdf of the report is barely readable. Site numbers are illegible, but it appears that all of the sites are located south of Kalaoa 1-2. A total of 11 site complexes and individual sites were identified within the reconnaissance survey project area (Rogers-Jourdane 1978:3). Sites included cairns, walls, small cave shelters, enclosures, and a platform. The author suggested "it is likely that the sites are related to marine exploitation activities" (Rogers-Jourdane 1978:5). The suggestion is that the sites were temporary habitation and activity areas used while collecting marine resources along the nearby coastline. 22 RCUH conducted an intensive survey and salvage excavation (see Figure 8, Project 4) at eight sites identified in the Rogers-Jourdane (1978) reconnaissance survey project area (Sites 50-10-27-1917, and 50-10-27-5601 through-5607). See Figure 8, project area 1. The author concluded that the sites "appear to be temporary or short-term occupation features, most likely associated with the exploitation of the rich and varied marine resources found along the rocky shoreline and in the adjacent coastal off -shore water" (Rosendahl 1980:95). Seven volcanic glass samples were submitted for rind - hydration dating. The samples returned an early date of A.D. 1565 and dates ranging from 1616 to 1690. Bishop Museum conducted an archaeological reconnaissance survey of 320 acres of coastal land from Keahole Point to Hamanamana Ahupua` a (Clark 1984). A total of 24 sites, comprising 60 features were recorded including eight platforms, fourteen enclosures, two house sites, four 4 trail segments, five cairns, two papamu, five anchialine pools, five cave shelters, nine filled crevices, one petroglyph, 2 c-shape enclosures, four wall segments, and numerous rock alignments (Clark 1984:7-8). See Figure 8, project area 1 and Figure 9. The vast majority of sites were identified at Keahole Point, south of Kalaoa 1-2. Two sites, Site 13 (assigned site number D16-13; State Site 950-10-27-10,191) and Site 14 (assigned site number D16-14; State Site 950-10-27-10,192) were identified in Kalaoa 1-2 (see Figure 9). Site 13 was a cave shelter and cairn (Clark 1984:35). The cave shelter was 8.9 m long by 7.3 m wide and had a faced rock ledge at its entrance. Deposits of midden and ash were located on the ground surface within the cave. The midden was primarily marine shell and some fish bone. Site 14 was a 250 m long trail segment marked by large `opihi shells placed on the trail surface, seven to fifteen meters apart. 23 i :Y � � � .�� •:•�eor�'�i �� tT '. Urlualohe Pt BAMANAYA'iFA ° '�~� �• ' is cc % STUDY p ARE 1411: 1 •LU HAWAII FI 1707,t `�"�R ` I� Maftka ,; l ti.'r� 0— Poly * �: o -� r -�I // --n/(� J '+ram - J1,.� �•' ~• fieda = 1fliwwBsy7 r 1 a [�Tvwen Tt� a s r •s I 1 w[ + y l , cUA$p${lA�D N/tUnm Er(m Laboratory Jrr j K A L el°F)�A 1 -i `tic ,': � dull, of ++awalW-: ~ •RL'4E�VATIO a' "+7 . ,.•�- + Yf tKeahose v Lig hr ou20 �i `� I • r3 17: p}8 SITE NUMBfI, p9iP) x If I r • �^ • ►rfRix I �. `,•■ ' ~3 P 15 $17E NUMBER � , � ■yq / fm j 1 � + 1 1. �017 210 1 1 r \Ksrihl Pt �KALA01►t•00mv k e: r Jr �� �Wawei(JI191k/ h •\ ` 1 i 1 � a ` �11 0 .5 I KILOMETER li 0 s 1 MILE IL 1; CONTOUR INTERVAL FEET Figure 9: 7.5-Minute Series USGS Map Showing the Location of Clark (1984) Project Area and Archaeological Sites (Keahole Point Quad) (Clark 1984:2, Figure 1). 24 NEAR COASTAL STUDIES Project Areas 2, 3, 4, and 5 (see Figure 8) Four archaeological studies were conducted in the near coastal region of Kalaoa 1-2 and surrounding ahupua `a. Chiniago, Inc. conducted an archaeological reconnaissance survey of two linear project areas (see Figure 8, Project Area 2) at the Keahole Airport (Ellison Onizuka Kona International Airport at Keahole) for emergency access service roads (Barrera 1979). The northern project area was roughly 850 m mauka (east) of the coastline and the southern project area was situated from the coastline to 750 m northeast of the coastline. Both project areas were located at 40 ft (12 m) amsl. There were no sites identified within the northern project area within Kalaoa 1-2 Ahupua`a. Two sites were identified in the southern project area within Kalaoa 3-4 and Kalaoa- `O`oma, including a habitation complex and a small temporary habitation rock shelter (Henry et al. 1993:9). The habitation complex included a platform, a rock shelter, two c- shape enclosures, and eight rock mounds. William Bonk (1979) conducted an archaeological reconnaissance survey of approximately 100 acres mauka (east) of the Keahole Airport terminals and offices (see Figure 8, Project Area 3). The project area was located between 40 and 120 ft (12-36 m) amsl approximately 1.4 km from the coastline. Half of the project area was bulldozed prior to the study. A small petroglyph field was identified in the undisturbed portion of the project area. Chiniago, Inc. conducted an archaeological reconnaissance survey of two project areas totaling 11 acres (see Figure 8, Project Area 4) at the Keahole Airport for a proposed ground transportation facility (Barrera 1987a). The two project areas were located at 50 and 120 ft (15 and 36 m) amsl approximately 1.0 and 2.0 km from the coastline. There were no archaeological sites identified in the larger southern project area in Kalaoa 3-4 and Kalaoa-`O`oma. A trail segment and a habitation complex were identified in the northern project area within Kalaoa 1-2 Ahupua`a (Henry et al. 1993:9). Chiniago, Inc. conducted an archaeological reconnaissance survey of five project areas totaling approximately 355 acres (see Figure 8, Project Area 5) for a proposed expansion of Keahole Airport (Barrera 1987b). The project area was located between 40 and 100 ft (12-30 m) amsl approximately 0.5 and 1.0 km from the coastline. There were no archaeological sites identified in four of the five project areas including the 17-acre project area in Kalaoa 1-2. Six sites were identified in the southernmost 150-acre project 25 area in Kalaoa 3-4 and Kalaoa-`O`oma. The sites included two cave shelters, two pdhoehoe excavations, a petroglyph field, and a cairn (Henry et al. 1993:11). MIDDLE ELEVATION STUDIES Project Area 6 (see Figure 8) A portion of Kalaoa 1-4 Ahupua`a along the current Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway was recorded in an archaeological survey report (Ching and Rosendahl 1968). The report does not contain a project area map showing site locations. Four lava tubes with habitation remains were identified in Kalaoa 1-4 including Site H-27-9-(316,100- 327,090)-T1, Site H-27-9-(313,680-326,200)-T2, Site H-27-9-(314,150-326,000-T3, and Site H-27-9-(313,080-326,420)-T4 (hereafter referred to as T1, T2, T3, and T4). The Site T1 lava tube was more than 600 feet in length and contained two large habitation areas (Ching and Rosendahl 1968:11). A fair amount of midden, stone and marine shell tools, and fishhooks were identified on the floor of the lava tube. Lava tube Site T2 also contained tools and a burial (Ching and Rosendahl 1968:12). Lava tube Site T3 was 750 to 800 feet long and contained a small number of tools (Ching and Rosendahl 1968:12-13). The entrance of the lava tube was partially blocked by a rock wall, suggesting the site was used as a refuge cave. Site T4 was a lava tube that was not explored or documented (Ching and Rosendahl 1968:13). Two petroglyphs were identified on either side of the path to enter the tube. It is clear that lava tubes within the barren middle zone of Kalaoa 1-4 were used for habitation and for refuge. Project Area 7 (see Figure 8) The Archaeological Research Center Hawaii, Inc. (ARCH) conducted an archaeological reconnaissance survey (Davis 1977, see Figure 8, Project Area 7) of the Keahole Agricultural Park, just mauka of Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway (Figure 10). The archaeological reconnaissance survey report documented 22 sites with 59 features (see Figure 10). 26 � Baal � 440` , 200' \42 .� 33� ■ 28 �08_ ■25 024 0 36 31 ■ 23 17)■ 222 +� 18 CURRE PROJEC REA 037 DAMS 1977 �••'" PROJECT AREA , 2. �-' 34 19 �. s21 WT ,}a KEY ❑ - DAVIS 1977 PROJECT AREA 0 -ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE ; F U 33 - SITE #, LAST 2 DIGITS OF SITE #33� 0 - LARGE STACKED AHU POSSIBLE TRAIL ALIGNMENT TRIANGULATION STATION 5 0 1000 2000 3000 400 , 5000 FEET �f R ` Figure 10: Map Showing Location of Davis (1977) Project Area and Current AIS Project Area (Adapted from Davis 1977:22). 27 Sites included rock mound markers possibly marking trails, habitation sites within lava skylights (sinks) and lava tubes, and a large refuge cave site (Site 950-10-27-262, located in the current AIS project area). The report site descriptions summaries were very brief and there were no excavations conducted during the study, making it difficult to assess the nature of many of the habitation sites recorded during the study. Project Area 8 (see Figure 8) ARCH conducted additional reconnaissance survey and excavations (Hammatt and Folk 1980, see Figure 8, Area A3) in the Keahole Agricultural Park (Figure 11). The study included Phase II inventory survey -level recording, excavations, artifact analysis, and basalt glass dating. The Phase II inventory survey level recording and excavation conducted by Hammatt and Folk (1980) at 12 sites identified in the Davis (1977) report (see Figure 11). The Phase II report includes in-depth documentation at seven sink and cave sites (Sites 950-10-27-262, 6418, 6418B, 6420, 6421, 6422, and 6423), a Historic era homestead (Site #50-10-27-6418), a habitation complex of indeterminate age (Site #50-10-27-6419), and three sites containing possible rock mound markers (Sites #50-10-27-6434, 6436, and 6437). Three radiocarbon samples collected at the sites returned a date range of A.D. 1400-1700. Thirteen volcanic glass samples submitted for rind -hydration dating returned a date range of A.D. 1480-1808. An interesting finding of the study is the larger than anticipated number of habitation sites in sinks and lava tubes, and the presence of the large refuge cave complex (Site 262, located in the current AIS project area) containing two burials. The in-depth site documentation, site mapping, subsurface testing, dating, artifact analysis, and conclusions conducted during the study were conducted to a very high professional level. The only omissions are USGS and TMK maps showing the locations of sites; site and feature photographs; and site significance assessments, all of which are now SHPD required in AIS reports. Project Area 9 (see Figure 8) PHRI conducted an archaeological survey of 15 acres east of Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway in Kalaoa 1-3 (Dowden and Graves 1992). The project area was within the barren zone. Four sites with seven pahoehoe excavations were identified within the project area. TRUE NORTH 6433 Q 4 4 6417 541$ EA IT r' Water PRASE I 6 Tank 419 Q _ PHASE 1 f AiHq N r�r 600 Kr- I � r o I C 400 C, 6426 Q 6427 o [y y o i 6428 CD 6425 6424 0 '—_ 26436 200 n 6420 PRASE +6423 I ?$2 2L 6421 6434 ■6437 { HAMMATT & FO K 1980 PROJECT AR A KEAHOLE AIRPORT �l l Scale KEY - "n a Archaeological Sites 2000 lUbb 0 ■ Archaeelogical Sites Salvaged 40611M Figure 11: Map Showing Location of Hammatt and Folk (1980) Project Area and Current Ah Project Area (Adapted from Hammatt and Folk 1980:6). 29 Project Area 10 (see Figure 8) PHRI conducted an inventory survey of roughly 500 acres within the ahupua `a of Kalaoa 1-4, Hamanamana, Haleohiu, and Maka`ula (Head and Rosendahl 1993, see Figure 8 Project Area 10). The report could be located in the SHPD Hilo library. The project area was between 310 and 520 feet (95-158 meters) amsl. A total of 43 pre -Contact era sites with 3,383 features were recorded, including 213 temporary habitation features, 3,083 agricultural features, 3 burial features, 12 trail segments, 6 cairns, 7 petroglyphs, and 64 other types of features. The large number of temporary habitation and agricultural features stand in stark contrast to the paucity of sites identified at lower elevations. Pacific Legacy, Inc. (PACLEG) conducted a 275-acre archaeological investigation (Cleghorn 1998) within the southern half of the Head and Rosendahl (1993) project area (see Figure 8, Project Area 10). The project area was between 310 and 490 feet (95-150 m) amsl. Fifteen sites were identified in Kalaoa 1-4 Ahupua`a (Table 3 and Figure 12). Table 3: Inventory of Cleghorn (1998) Sites. SITE TYPE FEATURES RECOMMENDATION DESCRIPTION 6418 Lava Tube 13 No Further Work complex of tubes with features 15263 Modified 1 No Further Work cobble filled lava channel Depression 15264 Complex 2 No Further Work 2 modified outcrops 15265 Modified 1 No Further Work Boulder filled crevice Depression 15268 Walls 2 No Further Work 2 parallel walls 15281 Complex 5 Preservation Temporary habitation & agricultural features 15282 Lava Blister 1 Data Collection Lava blister and midden 15283 Complex 72 Data Collection 4 terraces, 3 walls, 53 modified outcrops, 6 rock mounds, 1 lava tube, 1 modified depression, 2 pahoehoe excavations, and 1 rock alignment 15284 Lava Tube 1 Data Collection 1 rock alignment in lava tube 15285 Complex 2 Data Collection 1 enclosure and branch coral 15286 Complex 2 Data Collection 1 modified outcrop, 1 lava tube with rock alignment 15287 Papamu & 1 No Further Work 1 papamu and 1 wall segment Wall 15288 Cairn 1 No Further Work rock mound marker 15300 Lava Tube 1 Data Collection lava tube with burnt kukui nut shells 21361 Stepping 1 No Further Work 15.0 in long trail segment Stone Trail 30 .,.�., � ��/.:� �_. ti.� � +� !�,_� � �, 1, •r� -.+�` f�.. r, -•�. Lr% to JJ _ �..�15281t _ y r528 82 30 r ;J a5 5 5. •t�;18268y - 52 1526�- : • . `� �'- =15264 2130164 jr r W � �.: - �:..! ,..��r~� f r�� 'mil. � • t. �..,, .._ ••. Q �`•M iF 1 i �r� .� A-) it Q max. 6 Ir fm A-MMOVONEINK Figure 12: Map Showing Location of Cleghorn (1998) Project Area (Adapted from Cleghorn 1998 1980:8). 31 The results of the Cleghorn (1998) study suggest a high site density for the barren middle elevation zone. Sites included both lava tube temporary habitation features and rock clearing mound agricultural features. Project Area 11 (see Figure 8) Paul H Rosendahl PhD, Inc. (PHRI) conducted an archaeological assessment (Henry et al. 1993, see Figure 8, Project Area 11) of a large portion of the barren middle elevation zone (Figure 13). The study included aerial helicopter survey and pedestrian survey of 11.5% of the 2,640-acre State-owned land. The archaeological assessment study covered an area of 2,640 acres. Fieldwork included aerial helicopter survey and pedestrian survey of 11.5% of the 2,640 acres. Twenty-three sites were identified during the aerial survey (Table 4), 12 were previously identified sites and eleven newly identified sites (Henry et al. 1993:58). Forty-two new sites were identified during the pedestrian survey (Table 5). Site types included habitation complexes, rock alignments, enclosures (c-shape, L-shape, and rectangular), modified lava tubes, modified outcrops, enclosures, rock filled cracks, a terrace, modified blisters and depressions, rock mounds, pahoehoe excavations, rock pavings, platforms, petroglyphs, rock walls, and trail segments. The report listed site types identified in Barren Zone (lower elevations) and the Upland Forest Zone: Barren Zone - Formal types within the portions of the project area assigned to the Barren Zone include terrace (1), modified outcrop (67), modified lava tube (6), cave (3), pahoehoe trail (1), modified blister (6), pavement (1), mound (13), pahoehoe excavation (10), ahu (7), wall (1), enclosure (1), platform (1) and filled crack (1). Functionally, these features comprise seven of the nine categories identified within the project: agriculture, habitation, possible habitation, quarry, transportation, marker, and boundary. Agricultural features are the most abundant (mounds and modified outcrops), followed by habitations and possible habitations, the majority of which appear to be temporary dwellings. Quarries and boundary features are approximately equal in occurrence, while markers and transportation features are the least common. 32 � v d� m a cu c Q o N N Ri UI Ol +' cc Ql w¢ 0 oo i-' i. O F.� a 3 yr o (U d L c L 4 T 0)w w o a a o m -P dN +� 7 $ In -C c C O c d +• (p y L Y {�+ Q d� E U U d O Q M L rn - ~U1W W 0 w L3 d C C UI O QJ VI } L 0 L N U) � uCL 0-L41 -4 3 �O o g o W s s °i uul0 mass c> •+ n d £ s c iJ + Y 3 U £ a VI 3 d L L d 3 3 II 3 LUI>+d LL C: O M E o-Q pio. ,' Q1 H o o # O O 0 C a 0 6 o 0 00 L tl m Q M N e LO co v r m N m N m 9 LO W N CO �, W W N i ai•+ m N ry W R V Cl m �- m W e n v m p y W N m •° Q fu n M . fu m m m a a s v m °$n °� ,'n 1 r` w • h �p � M v .o � p P Is d v p m CD u N p m m u O N N S v C_A rl L 6• Y d o m ea d a p• N m M 0 3 m W b p d d W o n ~ m n C oj a1 C3 .w-I * •.�. �O o Q f N N m m m „ n � N V!1 ••� m �U N Q Q N •/�1 1'1 f'1 00 mm d N c L i- a X a u° M M Table 4: Inventory of Henry et al. (1993) Aerial Reconnaissance Sites (Henry et al. 1993:58). AS- Site Typo Area of Prior work Previous Site Number 1 Trail Hammett & Folk Recon. Identified - None 2 C-shape Hammatt & Folk Recon. Unrecorded 3 Complex Hammatt & Foik Recon. Identified - None 4 Enclosure Hammatt & Falk Recon. Identified - None 5 Ahu Hammatt & Folk Recon. identified - None 6 pavement Hammatt & Folk Recon. Identified - Nona 7 Mound Hammatt & Folk Recon. Unrecorded 8 Lava tube Hammatt & Folk Recon. Identified - None 9 Pahoehoe excay. Hammatt & Folk Recon. Unrecorded 10 Lava tube Hammatt & Folk Recon. identified - None 11 Lava tube Hammatt & Folk Recon. Identified - None 12 Lava tube Hammatt & Folk Recon. identified - None 13 Aa excay. Hammatt & Falk Recon. Unrecorded 14' Complex Davis 19T7 Unrecorded 15 Lava tube None None 16' Enclosure Hammatt & Folk Recon. Unrecorded 17 Complex None None 1g Overhang None None 19 Complex Davis 1977 6433 20 Complex Davis 1917 6433 21 Historic wall Davis 19T1 64M 22 Enclosure None None 23 Enclosure None None Subsumed underSire 18531 f Subsumed under Sire 18530 34 Table 5: Inventory of Henry et al. (1993) Pedestrian Survey Newly Identified Sites (Henry et al. 1993:61). Tentative Tentative Tentative CRM Value Field Work Site Formal Functional Made Assess. Tasks Number Type Interpretation R I C OR SC EX 18449 Trail Transportation H H H + - -� 18454 Terrace Agriculture L L L + - - 1 B451 Mod. outcrop Agriculture L L L + - - 18452 Mod. outcrop Agriculture L L L + - - 18453 House platform Habitation H H M + + + 18454 Complex Habitabon/agriculture H H H + + + 18455 Complex Habitation/agriculture H H H + + + 18456 Lava tube Possible habitation M M M + - - 18457 Cave Habitation H H H + + + 18458 Trail Transportation H H H + - - 18459 Lava tube Possible habitation M M M + - - 18460 Lava tube Possible habitation M M M + + + 18461 Mod. blister Agriculture L L L + - - 18462 Cave Habitation H H H + + + 18463 Lava tube Possible habitation M M M + - - 18464 Lava tube Possible habitation M M M + - 18465 Cave Habitation H H H + + + 18466 Cave Habitation H H H + + + 18467 Cave Habitation/refuge H H H + + + 18468 Complex HabitatiorVagriculture M M M + - - 18469 Trail Transportation H H H + - - 18476 Complex Rock artlagriculture H H H + - 18471 Pahoehoe ex. Quarry L L L + - - 18472 Mod. outcrop Agriculture L L L + - 18473 Complex Rock artlburial H H H + + + 18474 Lava tube Possible habitation M M M + - - 18475 Mod. outcrop Agriculture L L L + - 18476 Mod. outcrop Agriculture L L L + - - 18477 Ahutcairn) Marker M L L + - 18478 Lava tube Possible habitation M M M + - - 18479 Lava tuba Possible habitation M M M + - - 18480 Mod, outcrop Agriculture L L L - 18481 Cave Habitation H H H + + + 18519 Mod. outcrop Agriculture L L L + - 18524 Pahoehoe excavation Quarry L L L + - - Proposed Components of Kona Field System 18529 Complex Agricultute/quarry/habitabon M M M + - 18530 Complex Habitstior%lboundary/agriculture M M M + - - 18531 Complex AgriculttuemabitatioNboundary M M M + - - 18532 Complex ❑uarrylagricuIturelm arker L L L + - - 18533 Complex A9A*undaryAiabJmarkar/qu3rry M M M + - - 18534 Complex Agriculture/quarry L L L + - - 18535 Complex Agriculture L L L + - Cultural Resource Management Value Mode Assessment Nature: R = scientific research, l - Interpretative, C - Cultural Degree: H = high, M = moderate, L - low Tentative Field Work Tasks Recommandad. DR = detailed recording (scaled drawings, photographs, and written descriptions) 5C a surface collections EX - limited excavations, 35 Upland Forest Zone - Formal types identified within the portions of the project area assigned to the upland forest zone include pahoehoe trail (2), platform (5), mound (139), cave (6), terrace (8), modified lava tube (2), petroglyph (2), filled crack (5), modified blister (8), pahoehoe excavation (7), L-shape (1), enclosure (7), C-shape (3), wall (11), midden scatter (1), alignment (5), modified depression (2), overhang (1), historic shack (1), ahu (1) and modified outcrop (183). Functional types include all nine of the major types defined for the project area: habitation, possible habitation, agriculture, marker, rock art, burial, quarry, transportation and boundary. Again, agricultural features are the most common, followed by habitations, quarries, boundary, markers, transportation, and rock artiburial (descending order of abundance). [Henry et al. 1993:64] While the Upland Forest Zone had a higher site and feature density than the Barren Zone, both zones had very similar site and feature types. The authors noted that there exists a surprisingly larger than anticipated number of habitation and agricultural sites in the barren zone, though site density is much lower below 300 ft amsl (Henry et al. 1993:65). Also, unanticipated was the relative lack of trails and other transportation features. UPLAND STUDIES There are seven previous archaeological study project areas within a 0.5-mile radius of the current project area (Figure 14 and Table 6). The studies are summarized below, from north to south. Study 1 (see Figure 14) Borthwick et al. (1992) Cultural Surveys Hawaii, Inc. (CSH) conducted an AIS within 24.0 acres [TMK (3) 7-3-003:007, 017] in Maka`ula Ahupua`a (Borthwick et al. 1992). The project area was heavily disturbed by bulldozing. A surface midden scatter (Site 50-10-27-18427) interpreted as habitation refuse and a rock wall segment (Site 50-10-27-18428) were recorded in the project area (Figure 15). Both sites were interpreted as associated with pre -Contact to Historic era habitation and agriculture. No further work was recommended at both sites. 9M W A F ^� a o N v0 •a g c It avv�vca To d r N FI �t kA t` 0 w Was I �I � �: r! SOFT f i {I r- M CC O � O O � � a1 a z Y u z z N a —CG N a ^' i-r Q l cd ul —Ct ul 41"�, 4� o a 13 CG on x y o a o U o to ul C', to ul �ct Ln �a 0 o N N N o O O O O O O O O �xI F• O O O O O O O O M M M M M M M M M ct `t � v� ° r c O N 0 � N 0 � N 0 M N 0 L't F' r..� o N Ln U Coca y O w N w ~ ct 3 x 0 °` U O O U � r w as a a t Ora If ;'IaQ t=y�YM Q i a 1— o0 N 00 W F 1 ! � IL. m 4 /\ r + s ¢ I i IIs _ t •� !- r I �y y 11 N .p — ^} ti ` a. 8 a, M Study 2 (see Figure 14) Folk et al. (1998) CSH conducted an AIS within 8.2 acres [TMK (3) 7-3-003:010] in Hale`6hi`u Ahupua`a (Folk et al. 1998). Seven pre -Contact to post -Contact era agricultural and habitation sites were recorded in the project area (Figure 16). Two radiocarbon samples returned a range between the 1600s to the modern era. All seven sites were assessed significant under criterion "d" and Site 50-10-28-19659 was assessed significant under criterion "a" as it is important for information associated with the development of intensive agriculture in Kona (Folk et al. 1998:44). Data recovery was recommended for all seven sites (Folk et al. 1998:45). Study 3 (see Figure 14) O'Hare and Rosendahl (1991); Walker (1991) PHRI conducted an archaeological field inspection (Walker 1991) and an AIS (O'Hare and Rosendahl 1991) within 16.9 acres [TMK (3) 7-3-003:012] in Hamanamana Ahupua`a. Seven pre -Contact to post -Contact era agricultural and habitation sites were recorded in the project area (Figure 17). All seven sites were assessed significant for information important to history (O'Hare and Rosendahl 1991:6-7). No further work was recommended for all seven sites (O'Hare and Rosendahl 1991:9). Study 4 (see Figure 14) Clark and Rechtman (2006) Rechtman Consulting, LLC conducted an AIS (Clark and Rechtman 2006) within 17.0 acres [TMK (3) 7-3-002:022] in Kalaoa 1st Ahupua`a. The entire project area was heavily disturbed by bulldozing. A single site (Site 50-10-28-25033) consisting of four rock walls marking the property boundary was recorded (Clark and Rechtman 2006:ii). The rock wall was likely constructed during the Historic era. Site 25003 was assessed significant under criterion "d" and no further work was recommended at the site (Clark and Rechtman 2006:18). Study 5 (see Figure 14) Sinoto (1994) Aki Sinoto conducted an AIS (Sinoto 1994) within 3.0 acres [TMK (3) 7-3- 011:056] in Kalaoa 2nd Ahupua`a. The project area was heavily disturbed by bulldozing (Sinoto 1994:2). Portions of the north and south property boundary walls were identified during the survey (Sinoto 1994:1). Two Historic era graves were also located within the project area. It was recommended that the graves be preserved in -place (Sinoto 1994:3). M TO MA AALA140A W113 AY + iomIIFOR1FEIRa r .r � .�.-R 0 100 200 — 16094 1t L- 1 1 ,a41 -4 r 0 20 40 d0 +' M ■ M PROJECT BOUNDARY 1■ +r ---- WALL raao------ l■ 1� Ila +r {■ 0102 r[FlY 7a tr it Is .W is z Ia n it z it t" }s +o 1? it i` sasos ■ i IN 1.20 } m t■ tl ,r t R�R�Rr�RR�Rsnut � I Figure 17: PHRI AIS Project Area Sites Map (O'Hare and Rosendahl 1991:5, Figure 2). 42 Study 6 (see Figure 14) Clark et al. (2004) Rechtman Consulting, LLC conducted an AIS (Clark et al. 2004) within 23.0 acres [TMK (3) 7-3-002:009] in Kalaoa 2nd Ahupua`a. Nearly the entire project area was heavily disturbed by bulldozing. Two lava tube network sites (Site 50-10-28-24213 and - 24214) were recorded in the northwest portion of the project area (Clark et al. 2004:ii). Both sites were assessed significant under criterion "d" and Site 24214 was assessed significant under criterion "e" as it is a burial and has traditional cultural value to Native Hawaiians. No further work was recommended at Site 24213 and preservation in -place was recommended for the burial at Site 24214 (Clark et al. 2004:ii). Study 7 (see Figure 14) Barrera (1992); Barrera (1995) William Barrera conducted an AIS (Barrera 1992) and a data recovery study (Barrera 1995) within 3.0 acres [TMK (3) 7-3-002:007 & 008] in Kalaoa 2nd Ahupua`a. Seven pre -Contact to post -Contact era agricultural and habitation sites were recorded in the project area (Table 7 and Figure 17). A single Historic era burial (Site 50-10-28- 17997) was identified during the data recovery work. All seven sites were assessed significant under criterion "d" (Barrera 1991:7). Site 17994 was assessed significant under criterion "c" as an excellent example of a Kona Field System site. Preservation in - place was recommended for Site 17997. No further work was recommended for the remaining six sites at the completion of the data recovery study. Table 7: Barrera (1991) AIS Sites, Significance Assessments and Recommendations (Barrera 1991:7, Table 18). SIGNIMANCECRITERIA SITE TYPE Length Width Height A B C D E F NLS NS 17994 Kona Field System x x 17995 Sealed Lava Tube X 17996 Habitation Terrace 7.60 7.00 0.80 X 17997 Lava Tube with Paved Area 5.50 3.70 X 17998 Possibly Staled Lava Tube X 17999 Ilabitation Eaclosure 3.70 3.10 0.60 X 18000 "torir Flaunt Site 1&00 6.00 1.20 X SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA A - Association with Broad Patterns of ElWary B - Association with Significant Persons C - Excellent Example of a Site Type D - CoaWns hnportant Iaformatlon on Prehistory or M aory E - Culturally Significant to an Ethnic Group F - Provisionally SigaMcan], Further Wort Needed to CoadSnn Signincai" NLS - No Longer Significant, SuMcknt Inform at! an Has Ban Recovered NS - Not Significant 43 10 RECORDS SEARCH RESULTS The results of the records search indicate that there are four sites that are eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and/or on the Hawaii Register of Historic Places (HRHP) located within the half -mile records search radius (see Figure 14 and Table 8). The sites include three churches and the ruins of a fourth church. The Holy Rosary Catholic Church (Site 7205) is immediately north of the current project area, just across Donahue Road. As the sites are situated within the modern built environment and the tower will look like a natural tree, there will be no added visual impact to the sites by the construction of the proposed cell tower. Table 8: Sites Eligible for NRHP and/or HRHP Listing within the Half -Mile Records Search Radius. SIHP # NAME DESCRIPTION DATE 50-10-28-07205 Holy Rosary Catholic Church Theme: Architecture, Religion, Social 1/1/1992 50-10-28-07206 Mormon Church Theme: Religion, Social 1/1/1992 50-10-28-07207 Kalaoa Stone Church Ruins Theme: Religion, Social 1/1/1992 50-10-28-07208 Mauna Ziona Church Theme: Architecture, Religion, Social 1/1/1992 EXPECTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL PATTERNS Based on previous archaeological studies and historical research within the upland region of the project area, it is expected that pre -Contact to early Historic era agricultural and habitation features will be located on the current project area. The features will likely include rock walls, agricultural clearing mounds, rock alignments, terraces, enclosures, and platforms. The platform features would likely be the remnants of late pre -Contact and early post -Contact era house foundations. The enclosures would be house and garden enclosures. The remaining features are likely to be the results of agricultural pursuits. It is possible that burials could also be present. IR RESULTS OF FIELDWORK A single site (Site TS-1) containing five features was identified within the 0.25- acre AIS project area (Figure 19 and Figure 20). The site is situated between 1,850 and 1,880 feet (564-573 meters) amsl on westerly sloping land. Vegetation at the site included a canopy of sparse Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius) and strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum), and an open understory of sparse brush, ferns, and patches of sisal (Agave sisalama). SITE: T-1 TERRACE FUNCTION: Agricultural AGE: Pre -Contact to Historic Era DIMENSIONS: 35.0 in long (N/S) by 17.0 in wide CONDITION: Good INTEGRITY: Unaltered: Retains integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and feeling SURFACE ARTIFACTS: None EXCAVATION: TU-I, ST-1, ST-2 and ST-3 DESCRIPTION: Site TS-1 is 35.0 in long (N/S) by 17.0 in wide and consists of five features including two linear agricultural terraces (Feature 1 and Feature 2) a rectangular rock terrace (Feature 3) and two agricultural rock clearing mounds (Feature 4 and Feature 5). None of the features are within the proposed cell tower facility footprint and access easement. Feature 3 is 1.0 in north of the cell tower footprint, Feature 4 is 5.0 in northwest and Feature 5 is 1.3 in east of the cell tower footprint. Features I and 2 are more than 6.0 in northeast of the cell tower facility footprint. Any of the five features could potentially be impacted by the construction of the cell tower and access easement and were recorded during the AIS study. There were no other features were identified within the 0.25-acre project area. Feature 1 is a linear terrace located in the northeastern corner of the project area (see Figure 19 and Figure 20). The terrace is constructed with large angular and sub angular basalt cobbles and small boulders piled on bedrock outcrop (Figure 21). The terrace retains a shallow deposit of soil along its eastern edge. Feature 1 is 12.6 in in long (N/S) by 2.0 in wide, with a maximum height of 0.7 in. The northern 3.0 in of the terrace is bedrock outcrop, south of which is a 3.2 in segment of sloped earth and finally, a 6.4 in long formal rock terrace. 47 w U nn w Eli P 6T 0 w The formal terrace is constructed with large angular and sub angular basalt cobbles and small boulders piled on the ground surface with no evidence of stacking or facing. There were no artifacts or cultural remains identified on or near to Feature 1. Based on the dimensions and construction of terrace Feature 1, it is likely a late pre -Contact to Historic era agricultural feature. Feature 1 appears to be unaltered and is in good condition. No further work is recommended at Feature 1. Feature 2 is a linear terrace located immediately west of Feature 1 (see Figure 19 and Figure 20). The terrace is constructed with large angular and sub angular basalt cobbles and small boulders piled on the ground surface (Figure 22). It is 10.5 m in length and 2.5 meters wide, with a maximum height of 0.8 m. The rock is piled with no evidence of stacking or facing. A 3.0 m segment near the north terminus has collapsed and displaced rock lies in the area to the west of the alignment. A single stratigraphic trench (ST-3) was excavated through Feature 2 to document Feature 2 construction and to look for diagnostic artifacts. ST-3 was a 1.7 m long by 0.6 m wide trench excavated through the center of Feature 2 (see Figure 20). The trench was situated to include portions of the terrace retaining wall, the soil east of the retaining wall, as well as the area at the western base of the terrace retaining wall. The excavation was conducted for the purpose of recovering subsurface cultural remains and to document feature construction. ST-3 contained an architectural layer which was up to 40.0 cm thick as well as two stratigraphic layers and terminated on bedrock at a maximum depth of 34.0 cmbs (Figure 23 and Figure 24). Portions of the architectural layer terminated in Layer I and other portions extended into Layer 11. Layer I (6.0 cm to 18.0 cm) was very dark gray (lOYR 3/1) silt loam. The layer was wet, slightly sticky, contained organic material with an abundance of roots and rootlets and minimal rock which was architectural rock. The Layer terminus was smooth and distinct. There were no artifacts or cultural deposits identified in Layer I. Layer II (18.0 cm to 34.0 cm) was very dark grayish brown (IOYR 3/2) fine silt. The layer was dry, granular, with few roots and an abundance of basalt cobbles. A portion of the architectural layer terminated within the middle of Layer IL There were no artifacts or cultural deposits identified in Layer II. 51 N a wz a� u G , N , , O N N , A , Q ' Q O , W z r, r, z w ' � M , Q , , , , , , , � N I , I , Q ^� V C O O C C N Q ICOC O 'y There were no artifacts or cultural remains identified on or near to Feature 2 or within ST-3. Based on the dimensions and the construction style of terrace Feature 2, it is likely a late pre -Contact to Historic era agricultural feature. Feature 2 appears to be unaltered and is in good condition. No further work is recommended at Feature 2. Feature 3 is a rectangular terrace located approximately 22.0 m southwest of Feature 2 near the western boundary of the project area (see Figure 20). Feature 3 is constructed with angular and sub angular basalt cobbles and small boulders (Figure 25 and Figure 26). It is 5.0 m long (NW/SE) by 2.2 m wide, with a maximum height of 0.5 m. The rock is stacked and faced up to three courses along the southeast edge of Feature 3. The interior (northeast) portion of the terrace is primarily level rocky rocks and rocky soil. There is a shallow depression near the southeast end of the terrace that is 0.8 m in diameter with a maximum depth of 0.3 m. Angular and sub angular basalt cobbles and small boulders define the eastern edge of the depression. A single test unit (TU-1) was excavated along the northwest end of Feature 3 to document feature construction and to look for diagnostic artifacts. Test Unit 1 (TU-1) was a 50.0 cm by 50 cm unit excavated as two natural stratigraphic layers and was terminated in culturally sterile Layer 11 sediment at 46.0 cmbs (Figure 27 and Figure 28). Layer I (0.0 cm to 25.0 cm) was very dark grayish brown (IOYR 3/2) fine silt sediment. The layer was loose, organic, non -sticky and non -plastic, with an abundance of roots and rootlets, and a rock content of approximately 80%, with a relatively smooth lower boundary. Layer I did not contain artifacts or cultural deposits. The abundance of rock in the layer may have been naturally occurring or a buried architectural layer. Layer II (25.0 cm to 46.0 cm) was dark brown (IOYR 3/3) fine silt sediment. The layer was dry, granular and loose, non -sticky and non -plastic, with root content diminishing to approximately 1%, and a cobble and pebble content increasing to approximately 20%. Layer II continued to the base of the excavation and contained no cultural material. There were no artifacts or cultural remains identified on or near to Feature 3 or within TU-1. Based on the dimensions and the construction style of terrace Feature 3, it is likely a late pre -Contact to Historic era agricultural feature. Feature 3 appears to be unaltered and is in good condition. No further work is recommended at Feature 3. 55 3 `� a� .� W 0 .� 0 a a� 3 0 z M N �. N w 0 0 0 a !+ r 3- `►�+ ly # dr y z y'-y, �` `• � of .. .. �^ 0=.......................................<_ LINE LEVEL 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 cm UNEXCAVATED 0 10 20 30 40 50 cm KEY © - LAYER I: VERY DARK GRAYISH BROWN (10YR 312) FINE SILT ® - LAYER II: DARK BROWN (1 OYR 3I3) FINE SILT Figure 27: Feature 3, TU-1 East Profile. Feature 4 is an oblong rock mound located 3.5 m west of Feature 3 (see Figure 20). The rock mound is constructed with angular and sub angular basalt cobbles and small boulders piled on the ground surface (Figure 29). It is 3.1 m long (N/S) by 1.8 m wide, with a maximum height of 0.8 m. There is no evidence of stacking or facing in the feature construction. A modern glass bottle was observed on the ground near the southwest corner of the rock mound. A stratigraphic trench was excavated in the center of Feature 4 to examine feature construction and to look for diagnostic artifacts. ST-2 was a 1.2 m long by 50.0 cm wide trench excavated in the central portion of Feature 4. The trench was excavated as an architectural layer and two natural stratigraphic layers (Figure 30). ST-2 terminated on bedrock at 45.0 cmbs (Figure 31). The architectural layer (57.0 cm maximum thickness) was angular and subangular cobbles and small boulders. The base of the architectural layer extended into Layer I below. There were no artifacts identified in the architectural layer. Layer I (0 to 6.0 cm) was very dark grayish brown (IOYR 3/2) silt. The layer was loose, contained organic material with an abundance of roots and rootlets and minimal rock which was likely architectural layer deposits. The lower boundary was indistinct. There were no artifacts or cultural deposits identified in Layer I. Layer II (6.0 cm to 30.0 cm) was dark yellowish brown (IOYR 3/4) silt loam. The layer was loose, dry, non -sticky and non- plastic, contained 8% cobbles, and terminated on bedrock. There were no artifacts or cultural deposits identified in Layer II. A single modem glass bottle was identified on the ground near Feature 4. There were no artifacts or cultural deposits identified in ST-2. Based on the dimensions and the construction style of Feature 4, it is likely a late pre -Contact to Historic era agricultural rock clearing mound. Feature 4 appears to be unaltered and is in good condition. No further work is recommended at Feature 4. 1` 0I 20 40 60 80 1.20 cm ---------------------------------------------- <— LINE 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 cm KEY ©- LAYER I: VERY DARK GRAYISH BROWN (10YR 312) SILT ®- LAYER II: DARK YELLOWISH BROWN (10YR 3/4) LOAMY SILT - BASALT ROCK Figure 30: Feature 4, ST-2 Southwest Profile. 62 Feature 5 is an oblong rock mound located in the southeast corner of the project area 7.0 m southeast of Feature 2 (see Figure 20). It is 1.75 m long (N/S) by 1.34 m wide by 36.0 cm in maximum height. The rock mound is constructed with angular and sub angular basalt cobbles and small boulders piled against the western edge of an elevated pahoehoe outcrop (Figure 32). There is no evidence of stacking or facing in the feature construction. A single stratigraphic trench (ST-1) was excavated in the center of Feature 5 to examine feature construction and to look for diagnostic artifacts. ST-I was a 90.0 cm long by 50.0 cm wide trench excavated in the central portion of Feature 5. ST-1 was excavated as an architectural layer and two natural stratigraphic layers (Figure 33 and Figure 34). The architectural layer was a maximum of 15.0 cm thick and consisted of angular and subangular basalt cobbles and small boulders. The architectural layer terminated in Layer I. Layer I (5.0 cm to 6.0 cm) was very dark grayish brown (IOYR 3/2) silt loam. The layer was a loose, contained organic material deposited at the base of and between the rock and the pahoehoe bedrock, with very few cobbles or roots. Layer I was better developed in the north portion of the trench, with a distinct and smooth lower boundary. Layer I terminated on bedrock in the north half of ST-1 and on Layer II in the south half of ST-1. There were no artifacts or cultural deposits identified in Layer I. Layer II (6.0 cm to 20.0 cm) was dark yellowish brown (IOYR 3/4) fine silt excavated in the south half of ST-1. The layer was loose, non sticky and non plastic, with very few roots, and 10% cobbles and pebbles. Layer II terminated bedrock. There were no artifacts or cultural deposits identified in Layer II. There were no artifacts or cultural deposits identified at Feature 5 or in ST-1. Based on the dimensions and the construction style of Feature 5, it is likely a late pre -Contact to Historic era agricultural rock clearing mound. Feature 5 appears to be unaltered and is in good condition. No further work is recommended at Feature 5. Or ,1 lk ('yfk .._ A JM Awr LEVEL 0 LINE 911 40 60 80 cm 0 20 40 60 80 90 cm KEY ©- LAYER is VERY DARK GRAYISH BROWN (10YR 3I2) FINE SILT LOAM ®- LAYER II: DARK YELLOWISH BROWN (10YR 3/4) FINE SILT Fo-1 - BASALT ROCK Figure 33: Feature 5, ST-1 Northwest Profile. STTM MARY The features identified within the project area were clustered primarily along the eastern and western perimeter of the project area. The remaining portions of the project area that did not contain archaeological features are rocky sloping land. There is a lot of sisal growing in the areas between the five archaeological features. The five agricultural features identified during the AIS study suggest that land was used for agricultural purposes. The small number of features suggests that the area was minimally utilized. In addition to the limited number of features encountered, the subsurface investigation results further suggest that activities in the project area were limited to agriculture. The upper sedimentary deposit (Layer I) observed in all units was very shallow and devoid of artifacts and cultural deposits. The presence of the sisal plants suggests that the features were constructed and used during the early post -Contact and Historic era. However, it is possible that the features were constructed and used during the late pre -Contact era and were later used for growing sisal along with other commercial crops. The types, functions and age of features identified during the AIS study is consistent with a majority of features documented in previous archaeological studies conducted at elevations similar to this project area. Many of the features are late pre -Contact to early post -Contact era agricultural features. CONSULTATION Consultation was sought from the OHA West Hawaii representative, Shane Palacat Neslen. A copy of the draft AIS report was sent for his review and comments. HISTORIC PROPERTIES SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT & RECOMMENDATIONS HAWAI`I 6E SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT Site TS-1 identified during the AIS study was assessed for significance as outlined in Hawaii Administrative Rules §13-284-6. To be significant, a historic property shall possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association and shall meet one or more of the following criteria [§ 13-284-6(b)]: (a) It must be associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history, or be considered a traditional cultural property [§13-284-6(b)(1)]. (b) It must be associated with the lives of persons significant in the past property [§13-284- 6(b)(2)] (c) It must embody distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction property [§13-284-6(b)(3)]. (d) It must have yielded or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history property [§ 13-284-6(b)(4)]. (e) Have an important value to native Hawaiian people or to another ethnic group of the State due to associations with cultural practices once carried out, or still carried out, at the property or due to associations with traditional beliefs, events, oral accounts --these associations being important to the group's history and cultural identity property [§13- 284-6(b)(5)]. Site TS-1 possesses integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and feeling. It is significant under criterion "d" as it has yielded information important to late pre - Contact era to early post -Contact era agricultural practices in the upland region of Kalaoa lst and 2"d Ahupua`a, and in North Kona District more generally. Features such as agricultural rock clearing mounds and agricultural terraces are a common feature of agricultural field systems in the wider region. The presence of sisal suggests it was grown in the post -Contact era for making cordage and for commercial sale as a raw material. Site TS-1 was recorded in detail and there is very little remaining excavation potential. Therefore, no further work is recommended at the site. SECTION 106 SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT Site TS-1 identified during the AIS study was assessed for significance in accordance with eligibility criteria for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) Criteria for Evaluation, as outlined in 36 CFR 60. To be assessed as significant a site must possess at least two elements of integrity (location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association), and must meet one or more of the following four criteria: (A) It must be associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history, or be considered a traditional cultural property. (B) It must be associated with the lives of persons significant in the past. (C) It must embody distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction. (D) It must have yielded or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Site TS-1 possesses integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and feeling. It is significant under criterion "D" as it has yielded information important to late pre - Contact era to early post -Contact era agricultural practices in the upland region of Kalaoa 1st and 2nd Ahupua`a, and in North Kona District more generally. Features such as agricultural rock clearing mounds and agricultural terraces are a common feature of agricultural field systems in the wider region. The presence of sisal suggests it was grown in the post -Contact era for making cordage and for commercial sale as a raw material. Site TS-1 has been recorded in detail, no further work is recommended at the site, and it is not eligible/recommended for listing on the NRHP. As the nearby NRHP/HRHP eligible sites (see Figure 14 and Table 8) are situated within the modern built environment and the tower will look like a natural tree, there will be no added visual impact to the sites by the construction of the proposed cell tower. As Site TS-1 has been documented in detail, has very little remaining excavation potential and no further work is recommended at the site, the proposed cellular tower construction will have no effect to historic properties pursuant to 36 CFR 800.4(d)(1). 70 REFERENCES CITED Athens, J., T. Reith, and T. Dye 2014 A paleoenvironmental and archaeological model -based age estimate for the colonization of Hawaii. American Antiquity, 79(4):144-55. 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Translated and prepared for PHRI, Inc., Hilo. 2002 He Wahi Mo `olelo No Ka Aina A Me Nd `Ohana O Waiki `i Ma Waikoloa (Kalana O Waimea, Kohala), A Me Ka `Aina Mauna: A Collection of Traditions and Historical Accounts of the Lands and Families of Waiki `i at Waikoloa (Waimea Region, South Kohala), and the Mountain Lands, Island of Hawai `i (TMK Overview Sheet 6-7-01). Kumu Pono Associates. Hilo.2006 Menzies, A. 1920 Hawaii Nei 128 Years Ago. F.W. Wilson, Honolulu. Mulrooney, M, S. Bickler, M. Allen, and T. Ladefoged 2011 High -precision dating of colonization and settlement in East Polynesia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108:E 192-E 194. O'Hare, C., and P. Rosendahl 1991 Archaeological Inventory Survey, Kalaoa View Estates Development Project, Land of Hamanmana, North Kona District, Island of Hawai `i [TMK: (3) 7-3-003: 0121. Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. letter report prepared for Abe Lee Development, Inc., Honolulu. Pukui, M., S. Elbert and E. Mo`okini 1976 Place Names a fHawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. 76 Rieth, Timothy M., Terry L. Hunt, Carl Lipo, and Janet M. Wilmshurst 2011 The 13th Century Polynesian Colonization of Hawaii Island. Journal of Archaeological Science 38:2740-2749. Rogers-Jourdane, E. 1978 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of NELH Proposed Facilities Areas at Keahole Point, North Kona. Dept. of Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum. Prepared for the Research Corp. of the University of Hawaii. Rosendahl, P. 1973 Archaeological Salvage of the Keahole to Anaehoomalu Section of the Kailua-Kawaihae Road (Queen Kaahumanu Highway), Island of Hawaii. Prepared for Department of Transportation, State of Hawaii. Rosendahl, P., and P. Kirch 1975 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of the Ke-ahole Point Natural Energy Laboratory Site, North Kona, Hawaii Island. Dept. of Anthro. B.P. Bishop Museum. Prepared for R.M. Towill Corp. 1980 Intensive Archaeological Survey and Salvage Excavations at the Natural Energy Laboratory Hawaii (NELH) Site, Keahole Point, North Kona, Hawaii Island. PHRI Report 2-123179. Prepared for The Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii. Sato, H., W. Ikeda, R Paeth, R Smythe, and M. Takehiro Jr. 1973 Soil Survey oflsland of Hawaii, State of Hawaii. United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service. Washington D.C. Sinoto, A. 1994 Post -field Summary of the Archaeological Inventory Survey Conducted on the circa 3.0-Acre Parcel in Kalaoa, North Kona, Hawii [TMK: (3) 7-3- 011:056. Aki Sinoto Consulting letter report prepared for Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc., Honolulu. Starr Environmental 2017 Botanical and Faunal Surveys in the State of Hawaii. Makawao. www.starrenvironmental.com. Waihona `Aina Corporation 2022 The Mahele Database, www.waihona.com Walker, A. 1991 Archaeological Field Inspection, Kalaoa View Estates, Land of Hamanmana, North Kona District, Island of Hawai `i [TMK: (3) 7-3- 003: 0121. Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. letter report prepared for Abe Lee Development, Inc., Honolulu. 77 Wilmhurst, J., T. Hunt, C. Lipo, and A. Anderson 2011a High -precision radiocarbon dating shows recent and rapid colonization of East Polynesia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108:1815-20. 201 lb Reply to Mulrrooney et al.: Accepting lower precision radiocarbon dates results in longer colonization chronologies for East Polynesia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108:E 195. Wolfe, E.W., and J. Morris 1996 Geological Map of the Island of Hawaii. U. S.G.S. Miscellaneous Investigations Series. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. JOSH GREEN, M.D. GOVERNOR I KE KIA'AINA SYLVIA LUKE LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR I KA HOPE KIA,AINA hand anq N 'rate of H�a`� STATE OF HAWAII I KA MOKU`AINA `O HAWAI`I DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES KA `OIHANA KUMUWAIWAI `AINA STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION DIVISION KAKUHIHEWA BUILDING 601 KAMOKILA BLVD, STE 555 KAPOLEI, HAWAII 96707 February 28, 2023 Kerry Willoughby ACE Environmental, LLC 9976 Peak Lookout Street Las Vegas NV 89178 KerryW illoughby @AceEnvironmentalL L C. com Dear Kerry Willoughby: DAWN N.S CHANG CHAIRPERSON BOARD OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES COMMISSION ON WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT LAURA WE KAAKUA FIRST DEPUTY M. KALEO MANUEL DEPUTY DIRECTOR -WATER AQUATIC RESOURCES BOATING AND OCEAN RECREATION BUREAU OF CONVEYANCES COMMISSION ON WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CONSERVATION AND COASTAL LANDS CONSERVATION AND RESOURCES ENFORCEMENT ENGINEERING FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE HISTORIC PRESERVATION KAHOOLAWE ISLAND RESERVE COMMISSION LAND STATE PARKS IN REPLY REFER TO: Project No. 2022PR00878 Doc. No. 2302SN05 Archaeology SUBJECT: HRS Chapter 6E-42 and National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) Section 106 Review Telecommunications Facility Construction, Kalaoa County of Hawaii Use Permit (PL-USE-2022-000006) Archaeological Inventory Survey Kalaoa Is' and 2°d Ahupua`a, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii TMK: (3) 7-3-002:010 This letter provides the State Historic Preservation Division's (SHPD's) review of the subject T-Mobile West, LLC existing unmanned telecommunications facility modification submittal. SHPD received this submittal from ACE Environmental, LLC on behalf of Renegade Towers and the Federal Communications Commission, on July 15, 2022. The submittal indicates the project is subject to historic preservation review in accordance with both Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) Chapter 6E-42. The submittal included the following: [ X ] Letter dated February 7, 2023 from ACE Environmental, LLC requesting historic preservation review and the State Historic Preservation Officer's (SHPO's) concurrence with a project effect determination on behalf of FCC [ X ] Permit Set, County of Hawaii Use Permit Application — PL-USE-2022-000006 (Dated 11/2/2022) [ X ] Report titled: Archaeological Inventory Survey for a Proposed Wireless Telecommunications Tower in Kalaoa Is' and 2' Ahupua `a, North Kona District, Island of Hawai `i, TAX (3) 7-3-002: 010 (Escott 2022). The HRS 6E project area and the federal Area of Potential Effect (APE) are synonymous and consist of a proposed 58.666-ft.-long by 36.0-ft.-wide (2,112.0 square feet-, 0.0484 acres) wireless telecommunications facility and 34.0-ft.- long by 12.0-ft.-wide (408.0 square feet-, 0.009 acres) access road. Additionally, a 0.5-mile radius surrounding the lease area was examined to identify potential visual impacts to historic properties based on the stipulations in the FCC Programmatic Agreement (2004). Scientific Consulting Services, Inc. (SCS) conducted an archaeological inventory survey (AIS) and a cultural resources record search to identify any historic properties within or in the general vicinity of the proposed project area/APE. Escott (2022) indicates that a pedestrian survey of a 0.25-acre area was completed that encompassed both the proposed cell tower facility and access road. A single historic property (Site 50-10-28-31352) was identified Kerry Willoughby February 28, 2023 Page 2 within the project area/APE and four known historic properties are documented within a 0.5-mile radius. Site 50-10- 28-31352 is documented in the AIS and consists of an agricultural complex comprised of five features (3 terraces and 2 rock mounds). A single test unit and 3 statigraphic trenches were excavated. No subsurface historic were identified. Site 50-10-28-31352 was interpreted as a late pre -Contact to early post -Contact era agricultural site. It was assessed it as significant under Criterion d, pursuant to HAR § 13-284-6, and as adequately documented. Thus, no further archaeological work was recommended. Additionally, it was assessed as not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Lastly, Escott (2022) indicated the project would not adversely impact any of the historic properties identified within a 0.5-mile radius of the project area/APE. The AIS meets the minimum requirements of HAR § 13-276-5. It is accepted. Please send one hard copy of the document, clearly marked FINAL, along a copy of this letter and a text -searchable PDF version of the final document, one to the Kapolei SHPD office, Attn: SHPD Library and one hard copy to the Hawaii Island SHPD office, Attn: Sean Naleimaile. Additionally, submit a text searchable PDF copy of the final document to HICRIS Project No. 2022PR00878 using the Project Supplement option, and send a text -searchable PDF copy of the final document to lehua.k.soares@hawaii.gov. The SHPD has no concerns regarding the County of Hawaii special use permit. Additionally, SHPD's project effect determination is "No Historic Properties Affected" pursuant to HAR § 13-284-7(a)(1). The SHPO concurs with the determination of no historic properties affected pursuant to 36 CFR 800.4(d)(1). Please contact Sean Naleimaile, Hawaii Island Archaeologist IV, at sean.p.naleimaileghawaii.gov for any questions or concerns regarding this letter. Aloha, 401y� Alan S. Downer, PhD Administrator, State Historic Preservation Division Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer cc: Glenn Escott, ggescott@yahoo.com DeVera, Ashley From: danette@martinpacific.com Sent: Wednesday, November 16, 2022 11:19 AM To: DeMello, Melanie Cc: 'Michael Miller'; Dameg, Randy; Jackson, Trevor; Kay, Christian Subject: RE: Donahue Road in Kalaoa - Use Permit Application - Renegade Towers Thank you for confirming that this road is public and considered a road -in -limbo. I'm coping Christian Kay with the Planning Department in the event he has additional questions. Danette Martin Consultant to Renegade Towers 76-6357 Kololia Street Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 Telephone: 808-895-3569 From: DeMello, Melanie <Melanie.DeMello@ hawaiicounty.gov> Sent: Wednesday, November 16, 2022 8:22 AM To: danette@martinpacific.com Cc: 'Michael Miller' <michael@vistatowers.net>; Dameg, Randy <Randy.Dameg@hawaiicounty.gov>; Jackson, Trevor <Trevor.Jackson@ hawaiicounty.gov> Subject: RE: Donahue Road in Kalaoa Hi Danette, Donahue Road appears to be what is termed a road -in -limbo according to our files, meaning it is considered a public and legal access however neither the State nor County maintains the road at this time. I hope this is helpful. Thank you, Melanie Melanie DeMello County of Hawai 'i - Department of Public Works Engineering Division, Regulatory Section Aupuni Center, 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 7 Hilo, HI 96720 E-Mail: Melanie. DeMello@ hawaiicounty.gov From: danette@martinpacific.com <danette@martinpacific.com> Sent: Friday, November 11, 2022 11:17 AM To: DeMello, Melanie <Melanie.DeMello@ hawaiicounty.gov> Cc: 'Michael Miller' <michael@vistatowers.net> Subject: Donahue Road in Kalaoa Aloha Melanie, Planning Dept. Exhibit___ 2 ___ I'm applying for a Use Permit. The Planning Department has the following comment: "Roadway ownership — It appears as though Donahue Road is privately owned. As such, please provide evidence of the landowner's legal access across the private roadway." Accorc road And the Tax Map attached shows the TMK parcel number 28 as x'd out. Please confirm that this is in fact a public road. And if it is not a public road, please help me determine the ownership. Danette Martin Consultant to Renegade Towers 76-6357 Kololia Street Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 Telephone: 808-895-3569 JOSH GREEN, M.D. GOVERNOR OF HAWAII KE KIA'AINA O KA MOKU'AINA O HAWAI'I STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH P.O. BOX 916 HILO, HAWAII 96721-0916 MEMORANDUM DATE: March 29, 2023 TO: Mr. Zendo Kern Planning Director, County of Hawaii FROM: Eric Honda District Environmental Health Program Chief KENNETH S. FINK, M.D, MGA, MPH DIRECTOR OF HEALTH KA LUNA HO'OKELE SUBJECT: Use Permit Application (PL-USE-2022-000006) Applicant: Renegade Towers, LLC Request: To Establish a Telecommunication Facility with a 85-Foot-Tall Monopine and Related Equipment TMK: 7-3-002:010, N. Kona, Hawaii In most cases, the District Health Office will no longer provide individual comments to agencies or project owners to expedite the land use review and process. Agencies, project owners, and their agents should apply Department of Health "Standard Comments" regarding land use to their standard project comments in their submittal. Standard comments can be found on the Land Use Planning Review section of the Department of Health website: hiips:Hhealth.hawaii.gov/e/epo/landuse/. Contact information for each Branch/Office is available on that website. Note: Agencies and project owners are responsible for adhering to all applicable standard comments and obtaining proper and necessary permits before the commencement of any work. General summary comments have been included for your convenience. However, these comments are not all-inclusive and do not substitute for review of and compliance with all applicable standard comments for the various DOH individual programs. Clean Air Branch 1. All project activities shall comply with the Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR), Chapters 11-59 and 11-60.1. Planning Dept. Exhibit 3 Zendo Kern March 29, 2023 Page 2 of 4 Control of Fugitive Dust: You must reasonably control the generation of all airborne, visible fugitive dust and comply with the fugitive dust provisions of HAR §11-60.1-33. Note that activities that occur near existing residences, businesses, public areas, and major thoroughfares exacerbate potential dust concerns. It is recommended that a dust control management plan be developed which identifies and mitigates all activities that may generate airborne and visible fugitive dust and that buffer zones be established wherever possible. 3. Standard comments for the Clean Air Branch are at: hops://health.hawaii.gov/e/epo/landuse/ Clean Water Branch 1. All project activities shall comply with the HAR, Chapters 11-53, 11-54, and 11-55. 1. The following Clean Water Branch website contains information for agencies and/or project owners who are seeking comments regarding environmental compliance for their projects with HAR, Chapters 11-53, 11-54, and 11-55: httas://health.hawaii. izov/cwb/clean-water-branch-home- pa e/g cwb- standard -comments/. Hazard Evaluation & Emergency Response Office A Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) and Phase II Site Investigation should be conducted for projects wherever current or former activities on site may have resulted in releases of hazardous substances, including oil or chemicals. Areas of concern include current and former industrial areas, harbors, airports, and formerly and currently zoned agricultural lands used for growing sugar, pineapple or other agricultural products. Standard comments for the Hazard Evaluation & Emergency Response Office are at: https:Hhealth.hawaii.gov/Mo/landuse/. Indoor and Radiological Health Branch 1. Project activities shall comply with HAR Chapters 11-39, 11-45, 11-46, 11-501, 11- 502, 11-503, and 11-504. Construction/Demolition Involving Asbestos: If the proposed project includes renovation/demolition activities that may involve asbestos, the applicant should contact the Asbestos and Lead Section of the Branch at hitps:/ihealth.hawaii.gov/irhb/asbestos/. Safe Drinking Water Branch 1. Agencies and/or project owners are responsible for ensuring environmental compliance for their projects in the areas of 1) Public Water Systems; 2) Underground Injection Control; and 3) Groundwater and Source Water Protection in accordance with HAR Chapters 11-19, 11-20, 11-21, 11-23, 11-23A, and 11- Zendo Kern March 29, 2023 Page 3 of 4 25. They may be responsible for fulfilling additional requirements related to the Safe Drinking Water program: https://health.hawaii.gov/sdwb/. 2. Standard comments for the Safe Drinking Water Branch can be found at: https://health.hawaii.gov/epo/landuse/. Solid & Hazardous Waste Branch 1. Hazardous Waste Program - The state regulations for hazardous waste and used oil are in HAR Chapters 11-260.1 to 11-279.1. These rules apply to the identification, handling, transportation, storage, and disposal of regulated hazardous waste and used oil. 2. Solid Waste Programs - The laws and regulations are contained in HRS Chapters 339D, 342G, 342H, and 342I, and HAR Chapters 11-58.1 and 11-282. Generators and handlers of solid waste shall ensure proper recycling or disposal at DOH -permitted solid waste management facilities. If possible, waste prevention, reuse, and recycling are preferred options over disposal. The Office of Solid Waste Management also oversees the electronic device recycling and recovery law, the glass advanced disposal fee program, and the deposit beverage container program. 3. Underground Storage Tank Program — The state regulations for underground storage tanks are in HAR Chapter 11-280.1. These rules apply to the design, operation, closure, and release response requirements for underground storage tank systems, including unknown underground tanks identified during construction. 4. Standard comments for the Solid & Hazardous Waste Branch can be found at: https://health.hawaii.gov/epo/landuse/. Wastewater Branch For comments, please email the Wastewater Branch at doh.wwb@doh.hawaii.gov. Sanitation / Local DOH Comments: Noise may be generated during demolition and/or construction. The applicable maximum permissible sound levels, as stated in Title 11, HAR, Chapter 11-46, "Community Noise Control," shall not be exceeded unless a noise permit is obtained from the Department of Health. 2. According to HAR § 11-26-35, No person, firm, or corporation shall demolish or clear any structure, place, or vacant lot without first ascertaining the presence or absence of rodents that may endanger public health by dispersal from such premises. Should any such inspection reveal the presence of rodents, the rodents shall be eradicated before demolishing or clearing the structure, site, or vacant lot. A demolition or land clearing permit is required prior to demolition or clearing. Zendo Kern March 29, 2023 Page 4 of 4 Other 1. CDC - Healthy Places - Healthy Community Design Checklist Toolkit recommends that state and county planning departments, developers, planners, engineers, and other interested parties apply these principles when planning or reviewing new developments or redevelopment projects. If new information is found or changes are made to your submittal, DOH reserves the right to implement appropriate environmental health restrictions as required. Should there be any questions on this matter, please contact the Department of Health, Hawaii District Health Office, at (808) 933-0917. JOSH GREEN, M.D. %aDAWN N. S. CHANG GOVERNOR I KE KIA'AINA yf CHAIRPERSON BOARD OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES SYLVIA LUKE 7 COMMISSION ON WATER RESOURCE LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR KA HOPE KIA'AINA f - • MANAGEMENT t f3� o4 d`apd and pt ` ai 'Ay;o;9pir►. o STATE OF HAWAI`I I KA MOKU`AINA `O HAWAI'I DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES Sure of HaWa° KA `OIHANA KUMUWAIWAI `AINA LAND DIVISION P.O. BOX 621 HONOLULU. HAWAII 96809 March 23, 2023 MEMORANDUM FROM: TO-'. DLNR Agencies: _Div. of Aquatic Resources _Div. of Boating & Ocean Recreation X Engineering Division (DLNR.ENGR(a)hawaii.gov) X Div. of Forestry & Wildlife(rubyrosa.t.terrago(a)-hawaii.gov) _Div. of State Parks X Commission on Water Resource Management (DLNR.CWRM(a)hawaii.gov) _Office of Conservation & Coastal Lands X Land Division — Hawaii District (gordon.c.heit(a)hawaii.gov) _Aha Moku Advisory Committee TO: €ROAIk Russell Y. Tsuji, Land Administrator 7-yJt SUBJECT: Use Permit Application (PL-USE-2022-000006) — Request to Establish a Telecommunication Facility with a 85-Foot-Tall `Monopine' and Related Equipment LOCATION: 74-4189 Hawaii Belt Rd., Kailua-Kona, Island of Hawaii; TMK: (3) 7-3-002:010 APPLICANT: County of Hawaii on behalf of Renegade Towers, LLC Transmitted for your review and comment is information on the above -referenced subject matter. Please submit comments by April 3, 2023. If no response is received by the above date, we will assume your agency has no comments. Should you have any questions about this request, please contact Darlene Nakamura at darlene.k.nakamuraa-hawaii.aov. Thank you. BRIEF COMMENTS: ( ) We have no objections. ( ) We have no comments. ( ) We have no additional comments. (V) Comme s are included/attached. Signed: Print Name: Carty S. Chang, Chief Engineer Division: Engineering Division Date: M a r 30, 2023 Attachments cc: Central Files planning Dept. Exhibit 4 DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES ENGINEERING DIVISION LD/Russell Y. Tsuji Ref: Use Permit Application (PL-USE-2022-000006) — Request to Establish a Telecommunication Facility with an 85-Foot-Tall `Monopine' and Related Equipment Location: 74-4189 Hawaii Belt Rd., Kailua-Kona, Island of Hawaii TMK(s): (3) 7-3-002:010 Applicant: County of Hawaii on behalf of Renegade Towers, LLC COMMENTS The rules and regulations of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), Title 44 of the Code of Federal Regulations (44CFR), are in effect when development falls within a Special Flood Hazard Area (high -risk areas). Be advised that 44CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter B, Part 60 reflects the minimum standards as set forth by the NFIP. Local community flood ordinances may stipulate higher standards that can be more restrictive and would take precedence over the minimum NFIP standards. The owner of the project property and/or their representative is responsible to research the Flood Hazard Zone designation for the project. Flood zones subject to NFIP requirements are identified on FEMA's Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM). The official FIRMS can be accessed through FEMA's Map Service Center (msc.fema.gov). Our Flood Hazard Assessment Tool (FHAT) (http://gis.hawaiinfip.org/FHAT) could also be used to research flood hazard information. If there are questions regarding the local flood ordinances, please contact the applicable County NFIP coordinating agency below: o Oahu: City and County of Honolulu, Department of Planning and Permitting o Hawaii Island: County of Hawaii, Department of Public Works (808) 961-8327. o Maui/Molokai/Lanai County of Maui, Department of Planning (808) 270-7139. o Kauai: County of Kauai, Department of Public Works (808) 241-4849. Signed: q9�7 CARTY S. CHANG, CHIEF ENGINEER Date: Mar 30, 2023