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Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Climate Adaptation Actions to +_0�. <br /> Integrated Climate Action Plan for the Island of Hawai'i Build Local Resilience to Climate Change 66 <br /> Five cascading areas of impact were identified. Key intervention points were determined under each <br /> cascade. County actions were identified within these key intervention points. Individual actions that can <br /> be taken and co-benefits of County actions were also highlighted for each cascade. The <br /> implementation section outlines the capacity and financing improvements required to execute the ICAP <br /> and the County's process for monitoring and evaluation. The five cascades are: <br /> • Climate Cascade 1 — Greenhouse Gas Emissions caused by human activities are the key <br /> drivers of human-induced climate change. This climate cascade establishes a baseline for <br /> greenhouse gas emissions for the Island of Hawaii from which to develop climate mitigation <br /> interventions to reduce Hawaii County contributions to global climate change. <br /> • Climate Cascade Z —Air and Sea Surface Temperature are directly influenced by greenhouse <br /> gas emissions. These climate change indicators have direct impacts on human and native <br /> ecosystem health. <br /> • Climate Cascade 3 — Drought and Severe Rainfall Events are among the climate hazards <br /> resulting from increasing air and sea surface temperature and climate variability. Drought and <br /> severe rainfall impacts to community systems are exacerbated by the compounding hazards of <br /> wildfire, landslides, windstorms, and riverine flooding. <br /> • Climate Cascade 4— Sea Level Rise is a climate hazard with slowly emerging impacts on <br /> community systems, compounded by coastal and riverine flooding and landslides. <br /> • Climate Cascade 5— Tropical Cyclones and Storm Surge are climate hazards with extreme <br /> impacts on community systems. <br /> Although Hawaii Island alone will not reverse the harmful impacts of climate change, we can lead by <br /> example and set precedent for other island-states to become more sustainable through energy <br /> conservation and efficiency, clean transportation, zero waste initiatives, and better management of <br /> water, land, and natural resources. <br /> Executive Summary v <br />