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First -Generation <br />Rodenticides <br />Warfarin <br />Anticoagulant, <br />multiple dose <br />treatment <br />Acute Ural <br />Toxicity <br />Moderate to <br />high <br />Primary Poisoning Risk <br />Low (birds), Moderate <br />(mammals). Highly toxic <br />to cats. <br />Secondary <br />Poisoning Risk <br />Moderate (birds <br />and mammals) <br />Second -Generation Anticoagulants <br />The second -generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs) are substantially more potent than the <br />first -generation compounds, and a lethal dose can be ingested in a single feeding. Included in this <br />class of rodenticides are the compounds difenacoum, brodifacoum, bromadiolone and difethialone. <br />SGARs are not excreted easily, persisting in bodily organs such as the liver. Some SGARs are <br />especially problematic to birds and mammals. For instance, brodifacoum and difethialone pose the <br />greatest potential risks to avian predators and scavengers that feed on target or nontarget animals <br />poisoned with bait. <br />EPA studies indicate that the first -generation anticoagulants are less hazardous than the more highly <br />toxic and persistent second -generation anticoagulants. SGARs compounds described in the table <br />below are much more likely to poison predatory wildlife that eat live or dead poisoned prey and have <br />a higher risk of severe poisoning for children, pets, and other non -target wildlife. <br />Second -Generation <br />Rodenticides <br />Brodifacoum <br />Bromadiolone Anticoagulant, single <br />dose treatment <br />Difethialone <br />Anticoagulant, single <br />dose treatment <br />Difenacoum <br />Anticoagulant, single <br />dose treatment <br />Anticoagulant, single <br />dose treatment <br />Acute Oral <br />Toxicity Risk <br />High <br />High <br />High <br />High <br />Primary Poisoning <br />High (birds and <br />mammals) <br />Moderate (birds), <br />High (mammals) <br />High (birds), <br />Moderate <br />(mammals) <br />Moderate (birds). <br />High (mammals) <br />Non-Anticoa • ulant Rodenticides <br />High (birds and <br />mammals) <br />Moderate (birds and <br />mammals) <br />High (birds). <br />Moderate (mammals) <br />Moderate (birds), <br />Data gap (mammals) <br />Non -anticoagulant rodenticides, including bromethalin, cholecalciferol, and zinc phosphide, are US <br />EPA -registered and frequently used in controlling pest rodent populations. The potency of these <br />rodenticides is highly variable, with rodent mortalities typically occurring on the order of several <br />hours to days following ingestion of a lethal dose. These rodenticides belong to three different <br />chemical classes that differ from one another as well as the anticoagulants in their mode of action, or <br />anatomical change leading to rodent death. <br />