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2024-02-27 PL -SMA-2023-000036 Simmy McMichael Opposition Testimony
From: Simmy To: LPCtestimony Subject: Fwd: Oppose Item#3 PI-SMA-2023-000036 Date: Tuesday, February 27,2024 9:28:41 AM Aloha Leeward Planning Commission, Please oppose major developments along Ali'i Drive and Kuakini Highway. The cart before the horse, as the EA of widening to four lanes since 2013, is beyond pass due. The area considered for your hearing is drawn here. The area is going downhill, and so are the utility poles. I've witnessed transformers blow out on Ali'i Drive. Traffic goes to Dead Stop for hours. I've seen small fires along Kuakini stop traffic for long hours. I've seen Tsunami evacuation go to Dead stop at the top intersection of Kuakini Hwy and Lako. Stated back then of 2013, the limitation of these two main roads of Kailua Kona and limited for makai mauka access for emergency evacuation. This in a huge concern, enough ignoring this fact. We cannot escape. Please note Kahakai elementary of 661 students will be locked in no where out if a trees fall and blocks like the Lahaina Fire. Also, although we are said to have water supply, question is how many of the well are operating. How many are still broken. Why are there no traffic study, would it be a LOS at F? These are just a few concerns-Please also look into the LaniKea Cave, beneath, Mahalo, Simmy McMichael Kailua Kona ❑® Kuakini Hwy Draft EA 2013.pdf West H.... aii Tiod �a .,,,) fIVED BY THE RUBBIER jft7 ON OUR TIREb Two escap injury after utility poles, wires fall on Alii drive DFLUM0,40". tmr� Ayet A&Pon am be mdw Cm bawpwd as Lam 06W WW *W a bvgfir +ter, VA ve AJm t*vw hmatog thr Loftt lowt _x I t mt " m so �rtb gm w rw aw Palo w r.i *-m OW ow W*4 to a+1r�f AMAV vc tj"U mmmmm 004 4tMK m bA thir w mme �,«t mmmmsrd t Vwaormem Telc mm4mrM " �+rmt m „ko 00 'We Lae* t®) a x11a nmr owd 'xi wm wan Lmp The 4�1 a�mr rosrrn.' � ti� W emM dw pdo tart comes tlM► 1. Amos r ■o rra- r Wm arrrwmN s 460;m im *UNWO tlurmma arcmmmr 4mr rrr pAm mid Vc& toe @A 1 tl C0 r�r*ml, 9 4 mmm+rl'+4mu m am 4opmemmamov 141C1 40Pol- I 0,*lad tbomw 44W r�ur�tM bamn 10 to bo t 0 1"t�4r homw mw�Aw Mary bowamm' kmw pohm omp d to fair rrp&wW ■ ors ImW 44 4 paw � lW tiLIX%) has W% PAWS is P"m "W P Hemomm To4va �watrmt and yqW" WA mn"A an i 64 r3�mm €Its �.#4 mlmr4 4r4}rir aM"1 ttiltM N t7mbtmr�m rwal�d to tN .*T „W,ov! I ^k mmmm� l k. n � w r .. a. sy vo s Y . F , w , „F y k i d h wrr _.. ram— e M Imes TA F Y WSW ui�lffDg 9-t�u Mpo Draft Environmental Assessment Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 1.2.4 Enhance Emgraency Access / Evacuation Capac111 �r The town of Kailua-Kona on the Kona namis coast is vulnerable to CO essently available are Ali tal hazards such as Drive, r, ano tropical storms. In the event of an evacuation,d capacity-limited ac ty-the routes limited mauka-makai roads. Ali i Kuakini Highway, Queen Kaahumanu Highway P y o-lane Drive is near sea level, making it vulnerable to flooding. Ali'i Drive also has a narrow, The roximi to the shoreline. configuration with only limited expansion potential due to it a narrow, two-lane configuration. section of Kuakini Highway proposed for widening The limitations of these two main roads out of Kailua-Kona, and the limited number of mauka- makai access points, constrain emergency evacuation. capacty under es and increasing mauka-makai roadway achy of the Widening Kuakini Highway to four Ian separate projects would enhance the emergency access and evacuation cap roadways in Kailua-Kona. 1.3 BASIC TRANSPORTATION ASSUMPTIONS it at all This analysis is based on certain transportation network assumptions. { assumed e exerdeP ion of y are implemented projects in the STIP and other County roadway projects ro eds the proposed project. In particular, it is assumed that the following key roadway projects proceed: to Phase I of Ali`i Highway, which would connect it to Kuakini Highway, is portion ofassumedths be completed before or simultaneous to the completion of the southern p proposed project. Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway Extension, between Malulani Drive and Kuakini Highway, is assumed to be widened by HDOT. Kuakini Highway, south of its intersection with Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension to Kamehameha III Road, is assumed to be widened by HDOT. The roadway network presumed for 2020 is illustrated in Figure 1 1.4 ALTERNATIVES ADDRESSED IN THIS EA Two main alternatives are analvzed in this EA, the No-Build and Build. The proposed project is the Build Alternative. There are two versions of the Build Alternative described below. The preferred version of the Build Altemative has not been selected and would be identified in the i Final EA_ Other alternatives that were considered but rejected are addressed in Section 1.5. 1.4.1 No-Build Alternative The No-Build Alternative assumes that the widening of Kuakini Highway between Hualalai Road and Ali'i Highway would not be accomplished by 2020. The existing two-lane cross-section would remain in the bulk of the project area. However, it is assumed that between now and the year 2020 some intersection improvements, such as additional turn lanes and signalization, would be made to try and respond to demand without widening the entire length of the highway. This alternative assumes implementation of the other roadway construction projects described in Section 1.3. o ua ar�h2o,3 a es t e e o e M o u . 9.1 e ive,If Is LIX As �e � Yb p4M1 � n X rR 7•t Now �►.. 1w T Yil4. li( 4' x� FILE COP Y MAR 2 3 2013 William P. Kenoi +: ;. Warren H.W.Lee Mavor• Director William T.Takaba Te of Brandon A.K.Gonzalez Managing Director Deputy Director ' [i�t1� �J � tit DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS Aupuni Center 101 Pauahi Street,Suite 7•Hilo,Hawai'i 96720-4224 March 7, 2013 (808)961-8321 •Fax(808)961-8630 ' www.co.hawan.hr.us t �• © 2013 The Honorable Gary Gill, Director i� Office of Environmental Quality Control PARSONS GRINCKERHOFF HAl^l.Al1 235 South Beretania Street, Suite 702 HOr!Oi_I;L�J.-LUL -� Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 SUBJECT: Draft Environmental Assessment and Anticipated Finding of No Significant Impact Kuakini Highway Improvements, Phase II Hualdlai Road to the Proposed Ali`i Highway Kailua-Kona, Hawaii County, Hawaii Federal Aid Project No. STP 01102 With this letter, the County of Hawaii transmits the Draft Environmental Assessment and Anticipated Finding of No Significant Impact (DEA-AFNSI) for the proposed Kuakini Highway Improvements, Phase II situated in Kailua-Kona, on the island of Hawaii for publication in the next available edition of the Environmental Notice. Enclosed is a completed OEQC Publication Form, one copy of the DEA-AFNSI, an Adobe Acrobat PDF file of the same, and an electronic copy of the publication form in MS Word. Simultaneous with this letter, we have submitted the summary of the action in a text file by electronic mail to your office. If there are any questions, please contact Mr. Kiran Emler at (808) 323-4851. Si ely, en Ishii, Division Chief W Department of Public Works c: DPW-ADM w DPW-ENG-HILO/KONA _ ti Parsons Brinckerhoff T "' County of Hawai'i is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer. AGENCY ACTIONS SECTION 343-5(B), HRS PUBLICATION FORM (JULY 2012 REVISION) Project Name: Kuakini Highway Improvements, Phase II, Hualalai Road to the Proposed Ali`i Highway Island: Hawaii District: North Kona TMK: Highway right-of-way, 7-5-08:014 (pors.), 7-5-08:016 (pors.), 7-5-08:003 (pors.), 7-5-09:025 (pors.), 7-5-09:021 (pors.), 7-5-09:010 (pors.), 7-5- 09:040 (pors.), 7-5-06:003 (pors.), 7-5-18:012 (pors.), 7-5-18:028 (pors.), 7-5-10:085 (pors.), 7-5-30:024 (pors.), and 7-5-17:038 (pors.) Permits: CZM, NPDES, and Noise Permit; SMA for design alternative 2 only Proposing/ County of Hawaii Determination Department of Public Works, Engineering Division Agency: Building D First Floor 74-5044 Ane Keohokalole Highway Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 Contact: Kiran Emler Phone: (808) 323-4851 Consultant: Parsons Brinckerhoff 1001 Bishop St., American Savings Bank Tower, Suite 2400 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Contact: Mr. James Hayes Phone: (808) 566-2239 Status (check one only): X DEA-AFNSI Submit the proposing agency notice of determination/transmittal on agency letterhead, a hard copy of DEA, a completed OEQC publication form, along with an electronic word processing summary and a PDF copy (you may send both summary and PDF to oedchawaiigdoh.hawaii._goy); a 30-day comment period ensues upon publication in the periodic bulletin. FEA-FONSI Submit the proposing agency notice of determination/transmittal on agency letterhead, a hard copy of the FEA, an OEQC publication form, along with an electronic word processing summary and a PDF copy (send both summary and PDF to oegchawaii2doh.hawaii.gov); no comment period ensues upon publication in the periodic bulletin. FEA-EISPN Submit the proposing agency notice of determination/transmittal on agency letterhead, a hard copy of the FEA, an OEQC publication form, along with an electronic word processing summary and PDF copy (you may send both summary and PDF to oegchawaiigdoh.hawaii.gov); a 30- day consultation period ensues upon publication in the periodic bulletin. Act 172-12 Submit the proposing agency notice of determination on agency EISPN letterhead, an OEQC publication form, and an electronic word processing summary (you may send the summary to oegchawaiigdoh.hawaii.gov). NO environmental assessment is required and a 30-day consultation period upon publication in the periodic bulletin. DEIS The proposing agency simultaneously transmits to both the OEQC and the accepting authority, a hard copy of the DEIS, a completed OEQC publication form, a distribution list, along with an electronic word processing summary and PDF copy of the DEIS (you may send both the summary and PDF to oegchawaiigdoh.hawaii.gov); a 45-day comment period ensues upon publication in the periodic bulletin. FEIS The proposing agency simultaneously transmits to both the OEQC and the accepting authority, a hard copy of the FEIS, a completed OEQC publication form, a distribution list, along with an electronic word processing summary and PDF copy of the FEIS (you may send both the summary and PDF to oegchawaii2doh.hawaii.gov); no comment period ensues upon publication in the periodic bulletin. Section 11- The accepting authority simultaneously transmits its determination of 200-23 acceptance or nonacceptance (pursuant to Section 11-200-23, HAR) of the Determination FEIS to both OEQC and the proposing agency. No comment period ensues upon publication in the periodic bulletin. Section 11- The accepting authority simultaneously transmits its notice to both the 200-27 proposing agency and the OEQC that it has reviewed (pursuant to Section Determination 11-200-27, HAR) the previously accepted FEIS and determines that a supplemental EIS is not required. No EA is required and no comment period ensues upon publication in the periodic bulletin. Withdrawal (explain) Summary (Provide proposed action and purpose/need in less than 200 words. Please keep the summary brief and on this one page): The County of Hawaii Department of Public Works (DPW) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) are proposing improvements to Kuakini Highway between Hualalai Road and the future intersection with the proposed Ali`i Highway in Kailua Village, North Kona on the island of Hawaii. Improvements to Kuakini Highway within the project limits would include increasing vehicle capacity, enhancing safety, facilitating emergency response, enhancing pedestrian facilities, improving roadway drainage, maintaining a common design standard, and other features. The project is included in the current Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) and the Hawaii Lon_ g Range Land Transportation Plan. DPW has completed the widening and improvement of an adjacent stretch of Kuakini Highway between Palani Road and Hualalai Road. That project, ("Phase 1" of the Kuakini Highway widening), is separate from the action currently proposed. Widening from Hualalai Road to Ali`i Highway, the work now proposed, has been designated Phase 2. Three alternatives are considered: widen the highway without acquiring any new right-of-way, widen the highway with minimal acquisition of right-of-way, and No-Build. The two build alternatives would not substantially alter the environment and adverse impacts would be minimal. A public meeting to collect comments on this DEA-FNSI will be held at —County of Hawaii Civic Center Building A — County Council Chamber, 74-5044 Ane Keohokalole Highway, Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 on April 19, 2013, at 1:30 p.m. William P. Kenoi •: =+ Warren H.W.Lee Manor Director o- William T.Takaba 4�rE of Nr *,, Brandon A.K.Gonzalez Managing Director Deputy Director Caunk of('7"Rafuail DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS Aupunf Center 101 Pauahi Street,Suite 7•Hilo,Hawaii 967204224 March 7, 2013 (808)961-8321 •Fax(808)961-8630 www.co.hawaii.hi.us The Honorable Gary Gill, Director Office of Environmental Quality Control 235 South Beretania Street, Suite 702 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 SUBJECT: Draft Environmental Assessment and Anticipated Finding of No Significant Impact Kuakini Highway Improvements, Phase II Hualalai Road to the Proposed Ali`i Highway Kailua-Kona,Hawaii County, Hawaii Federal Aid Project No. STP 01102 With this letter, the County of Hawaii transmits the Draft Environmental Assessment and Anticipated Finding of No Significant Impact (DEA-AFNSI) for the proposed Kuakini Highway Improvements, Phase II situated in Kailua-Kona, on the island of Hawaii for publication in the next available edition of the Environmental Notice, Enclosed is a completed OEQC Publication Form, one copy of the DEA-AFNSI, an Adobe Acrobat PDF file of the same, and an electronic copy of the publication form in MS Word. Simultaneous with this letter, we have submitted the summary of the action in a text file by electronic mail to your office. If there are any questions, please contact Mr. Kiran Einler at(808) 323-4851. Si ely, n Ishii, Division Chief Department of Public Works c: DPW-ADM DPW-ENG-HILO/KONA Parsons Brinkerhoff County of Hawai`i is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer. This page intentionally left blank AGENCY ACTIONS SECTION 343-5(B), HRS PUBLICATION FORM (JLTLY 2012 REVISION) Project Name: Kuakini Highway Improvements, Phase II, Hualalai Road to the Proposed Ali`i Highway Island: Hawaii District: North Kona TMK: Highway right-of-way, 7-5-08:014 (pors.), 7-5-08:016 (pors.), 7-5-08:003 (pors.), 7-5-09:025 (pors.), 7-5-09:021 (pors.), 7-5-09:010 (pors.), 7-5-09:040 (pors.), 7- 5-06:003 (pors.), 7-5-18:012 (pors.), 7-5-18:028 (pors.), 7-5-10:085 (pors.), 7-5- 30:024 (pors.), and 7-5-17:038 (pors.) Permits: CZM, NPDES, and Noise Permit; SMA for design alternative 2 only Proposing/ County of Hawaii Determination Department of Public Works, Engineering Division Agency: Building D First Floor 74-5044 Ane Keohokalole Highway Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 Contact: Kiran Emler Phone: (808) 323-4851 Consultant: Parsons Brinckerhoff 1001 Bishop St., American Savings Bank Tower, Suite 2400 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Contact: Mr. James Hayes Phone: (808) 566-2239 Status (check one only): X DEA-AFNSI Submit the proposing agency notice of determination/transmittal on agency letterhead, a hard copy of DEA, a completed OEQC publication form, along with an electronic word processing summary and a PDF copy (you may send both summary and PDF to oegchawaiia-doh.hawaii.goy); a 30-day comment period ensues upon publication in the periodic bulletin. FEA-FONSI Submit the proposing agency notice of determination/transmittal on agency letterhead, a hard copy of the FEA, an OEQC publication form, along with an electronic word processing summary and a PDF copy (send both summary and PDF to oegchawaiia-doh.hawaii.goy); no comment period ensues upon publication in the periodic bulletin. FEA-EISPN Submit the proposing agency notice of determination/transmittal on agency letterhead, a hard copy of the FEA, an OEQC publication form, along with an electronic word processing summary and PDF copy (you may send both summary and PDF to oegchawaiia-doh.hawaii.goy); a 30-day consultation period ensues upon publication in the periodic bulletin. Act 172-12 Submit the proposing agency notice of determination on agency letterhead, an EISPN OEQC publication form, and an electronic word processing summary (you may send the summary to oegchawaiia-doh.hawaii.gov). NO environmental assessment is required and a 30-day consultation period upon publication in the periodic bulletin. DEIS The proposing agency simultaneously transmits to both the OEQC and the accepting authority, a hard copy of the DEIS, a completed OEQC publication form, a distribution list, along with an electronic word processing summary and PDF copy of the DEIS (you may send both the summary and PDF to oegchawaiia-doh.hawaii.gov); a 45-day comment period ensues upon publication in the periodic bulletin. FEIS The proposing agency simultaneously transmits to both the OEQC and the accepting authority, a hard copy of the FEIS, a completed OEQC publication form, a distribution list, along with an electronic word processing summary and PDF copy of the FEIS (you may send both the summary and PDF to oegchawaiia-doh.hawaii.gov); no comment period ensues upon publication in the periodic bulletin. Section 11- The accepting authority simultaneously transmits its determination of acceptance 200-23 or nonacceptance (pursuant to Section 11-200-23, HAR) of the FEIS to both Determination OEQC and the proposing agency. No comment period ensues upon publication in the periodic bulletin. Section 11- The accepting authority simultaneously transmits its notice to both the proposing 200-27 agency and the OEQC that it has reviewed (pursuant to Section 11-200-27, Determination HAR) the previously accepted FEIS and determines that a supplemental EIS is not required. No EA is required and no comment period ensues upon publication in the periodic bulletin. Withdrawal (explain) Summary (Provide proposed action and purpose/need in less than 200 words. Please keep the summary brief and on this one page): The County of Hawaii Department of Public Works (DPW) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) are proposing improvements to Kuakini Highway between Hualalai Road and the future intersection with the proposed Ali`i Highway in Kailua Village, North Kona on the island of Hawaii. Improvements to Kuakini Highway within the project limits would include increasing vehicle capacity, enhancing safety, facilitating emergency response, enhancing pedestrian facilities, improving roadway drainage, maintaining a common design standard, and other features. The project is included in the current Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) and the Hawaii Long Range Land Transportation Plan. DPW has completed the widening and improvement of an adjacent stretch of Kuakini Highway between Palani Road and Hualalai Road. That project, ("Phase 1" of the Kuakini Highway widening), is separate from the action currently proposed. Widening from Hualalai Road to Ali`i Highway, the work now proposed, has been designated Phase 2. Three alternatives are considered: widen the highway without acquiring any new right-of-way, widen the highway with minimal acquisition of right-of-way, and No-Build. The two build alternatives would not substantially alter the environment and adverse impacts would be minimal. A public meeting to collect comments on this DEA-FNSI will be held at_County of Hawaii Civic Center Building A— County Council Chamber, 74-5044 Ane Keohokalole Highway, Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 on April 19, 2013, at 1:30 p.m. DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Kuakini Highway Improvements, Phase II Hualalai Road to the Proposed Ali`i Highway Kailua-Kona, Hawaii County, Hawaii Submitted Pursuant to the Hawaii Environmental Policy Act, Chapter 343, Hawaii Revised Statutes, and Title 11, Chapter 200, Hawaii Department of Health Administrative Rules by the Department of Public Works Hawaii County The following person may be contacted for additional information concerning this document: Kiran Emler, Engineer County of Hawaii Department of Public Works, Engineering Division Building D First Floor 74-5044 Ane Keohokalole Highway Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 (808) 323-4851 This Draft Environmental Assessment documents a provisional finding that there would be no significant environmental impacts if Kuakini Highway were widened to four lanes between Hualalai Road and Ali`i Highway. The project would increase highway capacity and decrease congestion. Facilities for pedestrians and cyclists would also be improved. Comments on this draft Environmental Assessment (EA) are due by April 22, 2013, and should be sent to the Department of Public Works at the address above with copies to the Office of Environmental Quality Control, 235 South Beretania Street, Suite 702, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 and Jim Hayes, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc., 1001 Bishop Street, Suite 2400, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813. March 2013 This page intentionally left blank Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Paqe CHAPTER 1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION ..................................................1-1 1.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................1-1 1.1.1 Purpose of this Document.......................................................................................1-1 1.1.2 Organization of This Document...............................................................................1-3 1.1.3 Naming Conventions in This Document..................................................................1-3 1.2 Project Purpose and Need............................................................................................1-3 1.2.1 Improve Kailua-Kona's Roadway Network..............................................................1-3 1.2.2 Improve Roadway Drainage ...................................................................................1-4 1.2.3 Implement Common Design Standards— Enhance Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities and Visual Character..............................................................................................1-4 1.2.4 Enhance Emergency Access / Evacuation Capacity...............................................1-5 1.3 Basic Transportation Assumptions ...............................................................................1-5 1.4 Alternatives Addressed in this EA.................................................................................1-5 1.4.1 No-Build Alternative................................................................................................1-5 1.4.2 Build Alternative......................................................................................................1-7 1.5 Alternatives Considered But Rejected ........................................................................1-14 1.5.1 Transportation System Management Alternative...................................................1-15 1.5.2 Alignment Alternatives..........................................................................................1-15 1.5.3 Roadway Design Alternatives...............................................................................1-16 1.5.4 Miscellaneous Design Alternatives .......................................................................1-17 1.6 Consistency with Government Plans, Policies, and Controls ......................................1-17 1.6.1 State of Hawaii Plans and Controls......................................................................1-17 1.6.2 County of Hawaii Plans and Controls...................................................................1-20 1.7 Project Cost and Schedule.........................................................................................1-21 1.8 Permits and Approvals ...............................................................................................1-21 CHAPTER 2 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT, POTENTIAL IMPACTS, AND PROPOSED MITIGATION ................................................................................................................2-1 2.1 Geographic Setting and Hazards..................................................................................2-1 2.1.1 Existing Conditions.................................................................................................2-1 2.1.2 Potential Impacts....................................................................................................2-5 2.2 Land Use......................................................................................................................2-5 2.2.1 Existing Conditions.................................................................................................2-5 2.2.2 Land Use Development Trends ..............................................................................2-7 2.2.3 Potential Impacts....................................................................................................2-7 2.2.4 Mitigation Measures................................................................................................2-9 2.3 Public Facilities...........................................................................................................2-10 2.3.1 Roadways and Traffic...........................................................................................2-10 2.3.2 Cycling and Pedestrian Facilities..........................................................................2-23 March 2013 Page i Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Section Paqe 2.3.3 On-Street Parking.................................................................................................2-23 2.3.4 Utilities and Infrastructure.....................................................................................2-28 2.4 Water Resources........................................................................................................2-29 2.4.1 Existing Conditions...............................................................................................2-29 2.4.2 Potential Impacts..................................................................................................2-32 2.4.3 Mitigation Measures..............................................................................................2-32 2.5 Biological Resources..................................................................................................2-33 2.5.1 Existing Conditions...............................................................................................2-33 2.5.2 Potential Impacts..................................................................................................2-34 2.5.3 Mitigation Measures..............................................................................................2-34 2.6 Air Quality...................................................................................................................2-35 2.6.1 Local Meteorology ................................................................................................2-35 2.6.2 Clean Air Act Requirements..................................................................................2-35 2.6.3 Existing Conditions...............................................................................................2-36 2.6.4 Potential Impacts..................................................................................................2-36 2.6.5 Mitigation Measures..............................................................................................2-37 2.7 Noise..........................................................................................................................2-37 2.7.1 Characteristics and Measurement of Sound .........................................................2-37 2.7.2 Noise Abatement Criteria......................................................................................2-37 2.7.3 Existing Conditions...............................................................................................2-38 2.7.4 Potential Impacts..................................................................................................2-41 2.7.5 Mitigation Measures..............................................................................................2-42 2.8 Visual and Aesthetic Resources.................................................................................2-43 2.8.1 Existing Conditions...............................................................................................2-43 2.8.2 Potential Impacts..................................................................................................2-43 2.8.3 Mitigation Measures..............................................................................................2-44 2.9 Social, Economic, and Cultural Conditions .................................................................2-44 2.9.1 Existing Conditions...............................................................................................2-44 2.9.2 Potential Impacts..................................................................................................2-45 2.9.3 Mitigation Measures..............................................................................................2-46 2.10 Environmental Justice ................................................................................................2-46 2.11 Historic and Archaeological Resources ......................................................................2-47 2.11.1 Regulatory Requirements.....................................................................................2-47 2.11.2 Area of Potential Effect and Study Methods..........................................................2-48 2.11.3 Existing Conditions...............................................................................................2-49 2.11.4 Potential Impacts..................................................................................................2-55 2.11.5 Mitigation Measures..............................................................................................2-58 2.12 Parks and Recreational Resources ............................................................................2-59 2.12.1 Existing Conditions...............................................................................................2-59 March 2013 Page ii Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Section Paqe 2.12.2 Potential Impacts..................................................................................................2-61 2.12.3 Mitigation Measures..............................................................................................2-61 2.13 Section 4(F) Evaluation ..............................................................................................2-61 2.13.1 Kailua Playground.................................................................................................2-62 2.13.2 Historic Resources................................................................................................2-62 2.14 Construction Impacts..................................................................................................2-63 2.14.1 Maintenance of Traffic..........................................................................................2-63 2.14.2 Air Quality.............................................................................................................2-63 2.14.3 Noise....................................................................................................................2-64 2.14.4 Water Resources..................................................................................................2-64 2.14.5Solid Waste Management and Hazardous Waste.................................................2-65 2.14.6 Historic and Archaeological Resources.................................................................2-65 2.14.7 Utilities..................................................................................................................2-65 2.15 Secondary and Cumulative Impacts ...........................................................................2-65 2.15.1 Potential Secondary Impacts ................................................................................2-65 2.15.2 Potential Cumulative Impacts................................................................................2-66 CHAPTER 3 COMMENTS AND COORDINATION..................................................................3-1 3.1 Agency and Stakeholder Consultation..........................................................................3-1 3.1.1 Pre-Assessment Consultation.................................................................................3-1 3.1.2 Public Meeting #1 ...................................................................................................3-3 3.1.3 Summary of Agency and Public Comments............................................................3-4 3.1.4 Other Outreach Efforts............................................................................................3-4 3.2 Regulatory Coordination...............................................................................................3-4 3.2.1 Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and Hawaii Revised Statutes Section6E-8...........................................................................................................3-5 3.2.2 Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act and Chapter 195D of the Hawaii Revised Statutes ..................................................................................................................3-6 3.2.3 Section 404 of the Clean Water Act........................................................................3-6 3.2.4 Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act of 1966..................................3-7 3.3 Future Public Outreach.................................................................................................3-7 CHAPTER 4 ANTICIPATED FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT..................................4-1 CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................5-1 March 2013 Page iii Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment APPENDICES Appendix Title APPENDIX A CORRESPONDENCE APPENDIX B GEOTECHNICAL REPORT APPENDIX C ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING REPORT APPENDIX D CORRIDOR TRANSPORTATION STUDY APPENDIX E ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY APPENDIX F BOTANICAL SURVEY REPORT APPENDIX G TRAFFIC NOISE IMPACT TECHNICAL REPORT APPENDIX H CULTURAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT March 2013 Page iv Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment LIST OF FIGURES Figure Paqe Figure 1-1: Project Location ....................................................................................................1-2 Figure 1-2: Year 2020 Roadway Network and Proposed Project.............................................1-6 Figure1-3: Typical Sections....................................................................................................1-8 Figure 1-4: Limits of Construction — Section 1 .........................................................................1-9 Figure 1-5: Limits of Construction — Section 2.......................................................................1-10 Figure 1-6: Limits of Construction — Section 3.......................................................................1-11 Figure 2-1: Five Major Volcanoes of Hawai`i ...........................................................................2-2 Figure 2-2: Tsunami Evacuation Area.....................................................................................2-4 Figure 2-3: Existing and Future Land Uses Adjacent to Kuakini Highway................................2-6 Figure 2-4: Partial Acquisitions under Design Alternative 2.....................................................2-8 Figure 2-5: Kailua-Kona Roadway System............................................................................2-12 Figure 2-6: Existing Lane Configurations— Hualalai Road and Onioni Street/Walua Road....2-13 Figure 2-7: Existing Peak Hour Traffic Volumes....................................................................2-14 Figure 2-8: Year 2020 Peak Hour Traffic Volumes................................................................2-19 Figure 2-9: Year 2020 Lane Configurations — Hualalai Road and Kuakini Highway...............2-20 Figure 2-10: Year 2020 Lane Configurations— Onioni Street/Walua Road and Kuakini Highway2-21 Figure 2-11: Year 2020 Lane Configurations—Ali`i Highway and Kuakini Highway...............2-22 Figure 2-12: Parking Inventory— Section 1 ...........................................................................2-25 Figure 2-13: Parking Inventory— Section 2 ...........................................................................2-26 Figure 2-14: Parking Inventory— Section 3 ...........................................................................2-27 Figure 2-15: Surface Water Resources and Flood Zones......................................................2-31 Figure 2-16: Noise Monitoring Locations...............................................................................2-40 Figure 2-17: Historic Properties in APE —Section 1 ..............................................................2-52 Figure 2-18: Historic Properties in APE —Section 2 ..............................................................2-53 Figure 2-19: Historic Properties in APE —Section 3 ..............................................................2-54 Figure 2-20: Parks and Recreational Resources...................................................................2-60 March 2013 Page v Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment LIST OF TABLES Table Paqe Table 1-1: Permits and Approvals.........................................................................................1-22 Table 2-1: Partial Acquisitions under Design Alternative 2 ......................................................2-9 Table 2-2: Existing Intersection Information ..........................................................................2-11 Table 2-3: Year 2020 Intersection Information.......................................................................2-18 Table 2-4: National and State Ambient Air Quality Standards ...............................................2-36 Table 2-5: FHWA Noise Abatement Criteria..........................................................................2-38 Table 2-6: Existing Worst Hour Traffic Noise Levels..............................................................2-39 Table 2-7: No-Build Alternative Worst Hour Traffic Noise Levels in 2020..............................2-41 Table 2-8: Build Alternative Worst Hour Traffic Noise Levels in 2020....................................2-42 Table 2-9: Population of North Kona, 1970 to 2010...............................................................2-45 Table 2-10: Historic Properties within APE............................................................................2-51 Table 2-11: Construction Equipment Noise Levels................................................................2-64 Table 3-1: Pre-Assessment Consultation List..........................................................................3-1 March 2013 Page vi Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment CHAPTER 1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION The County of Hawaii Department of Public Works (DPW) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) are proposing improvements to Kuakini Highway between Hualalai Road and the future intersection with the proposed Ali`i Highway in Kailua Village, North Kona on the island of Hawaii (see Figure 1-1). Improvements to Kuakini Highway within the project limits would include increasing vehicle capacity, enhancing pedestrian facilities, improving roadway drainage and other features. The project is included in the current Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) and the Hawaii Long Range Land Transportation Plan. DPW has completed the widening and improvement of an adjacent stretch of Kuakini Highway between Palani Road and Hualalai Road (see Figure 1-1). That project, ("Phase 1" of the Kuakini Highway widening), is separate from the action currently proposed. Widening from Hualalai Road to Ali`i Highway, the work now proposed, has been designated Phase 2. 1 .1 .1 Purpose of this Document The Proposed Action requires environmental review in accordance with Chapter 343 of Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) because of the use of County funds and lands for its construction. Therefore, the environmental review must comply with Hawaii Administrative Rules [Title 11, Chapter 200 (August 1996)]. This Draft Environmental Assessment (EA) discloses the environmental and social impacts that could result from the project's implementation, and commits to the employment of specific measures to prevent, minimize, or mitigate adverse impacts to the environment. Additionally, this Draft EA contains a record of all comments and consultation activities that have been conducted to date as part of project planning. Because federal funds administered by the FHWA would be used for design and construction, the project must also comply with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), a Federally- mandated environmental review process. NEPA does not require both a draft and final version of an EA. Because of this difference between State and Federal environmental review processes (HRS Chapter 343 and NEPA), this Draft EA has been prepared to address State requirements only. The NEPA document for this project will be the HRS Chapter 343 Final EA. Other federal laws apply to the proposed project such as Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, and Section 4(f) of the 1966 Department of Transportation Act. Compliance with these federal environmental regulations is ongoing or has been completed, and is documented in this Draft EA. DPW has determined that the Proposed Action is not likely to have a "significant" impact in accordance with HRS Chapter 343. Therefore, DPW proposes to issue a "Finding of No Significant Impact" (FONSI) on the project. After receipt of comments on this Draft EA, DPW will reassess its preliminary determination that a FONSI is appropriate. FHWA will not determine whether a FONSI is appropriate under NEPA until they review the Final EA, which will be the NEPA document for the project. March 2013 Page 1-1 . . � ■ § / > ■ z ~_ ■ � = 2 Eau , � § )\\\ m IP iag ■ z2\\\ y yA 2 — , 2 ■ u ■ \ cc co ■ ■ ƒ ? ■ / ¥ / I 2 f■ f ° � e \ Cl) \/ � _ 7 =& ♦ �� ƒ - / : \ 2 Wnd \ y m Z 2 aa7 0 co Z ®/ c � �— da Z3 �. § ®— c L X § $ c x 2W CL \\ © IL \ ~© ƒ \ z \ 3 «� \ \ 7 \\o / y co �� 2-5 § Ml� &p �* 0 Q\ / , � , x /\ 2 / 3 ) - CCI / >E 10 tC, � gj : e.§ /LU �2 cc 0 k ^� Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 1 .1 .2 Organization of This Document Chapter 1 discusses the purpose and need for the proposed project. It introduces the alternatives that were considered and the project's anticipated schedule and cost. It also lists permits and approvals that may be required. Chapter 2 describes existing environmental conditions, potential environmental impacts, and the mitigation measures that are proposed to reduce the level of adverse impact. Chapter 3 documents agency and public coordination conducted to date with respect to the project. Chapter 4 provides the Anticipated Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) statement, pursuant to HRS Chapter 343. Chapter 5 consists of a list of references used in the preparation of this EA. Appendix A contains records of comments and coordination conducted for the proposed project. Appendix A through Appendix H are various technical reports prepared for this project. 1 .1 .3 Naming Conventions in This Document This document generally uses the directional terms north, south, east, and west. However, the terms "mauka" and "makai" (towards the mountains and towards the ocean, respectively) are also used, especially where these terms may be the most convenient to describe a direction or location. For this project area, mauka generally corresponds to an easterly direction, and makai is a westerly direction. 1.2 PROJECT PURPOSE AND NEED Based on an analysis of current and proposed conditions, the following project purposes and needs have been established for the proposed project: • Improve Kailua-Kona's roadway network by increasing vehicular roadway capacity; • Improve roadway drainage; • Implement common design standards that were incorporated into Phase 1 of Kuakini Highway widening, such as enhancements to pedestrian and bicycle facilities, and improvements to the visual character of the corridor; and • Enhance emergency access / evacuation capacity. 1 .2.1 Improve Kailua-Kona's Roadway Network A key purpose of the proposed project is to help relieve existing and forecasted traffic congestion. Growth in Kailua-Kona has generated traffic and the County is proposing improvements to address future transportation constraints proactively. During the traffic study to support this EA (Section 2.3.1), traffic was somewhat constricted during peak times in the morning, noon, and afternoon. Congestion was concentrated at the northern limit of the proposed project; the intersection of Hualalai Road and Kuakini Highway. This intersection was found to be operating at a level-of-service (LOS) of C, which corresponds to "average traffic delays." By 2020, traffic is expected to increase significantly as future development along Kuakini Highway and in the surrounding area occurs. Additional roadway capacity is needed to handle the projected increase in traffic volume that will accompany development. If Kuakini Highway is not improved, by 2020 vehicles at all intersections within the project limits are projected to experience the long delays and severe congestion associated with LOS ratings of D, E and F. March 2013 Page 1-3 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Widening Kuakini Highway would help address existing and future traffic congestion. Widening is proposed only as far as the future intersection with proposed Ali`i Highway because with Ali`i Highway in place, it is projected that the volume of traffic on Kuakini Highway south of Ali`i Highway would only be half the volume as on Kuakini Highway north of Ali`i Highway. 1 .2.2 Improve Roadway Drainage Roadway drainage improvements are needed to address existing drainage conditions. Much of Kuakini Highway within the project limits does not have drainage facilities. Storm water runoff from the road sheet flows to the side of the road into unimproved areas, or along gutters to drain inlets in those areas where gutters do exist. Flow diversion and control at stream crossings is also needed to protect the roadway during large storms. Such storms occur regularly in the Kona area and occasional flooding of Kuakini Highway occurs. However, improvements to stream crossings are not part of this project because other agencies are currently addressing the concerns associated with stream crossings. The Keopu Stream drainage way at the northern terminus of the proposed project is being studied by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). It is anticipated that USACE will construct improvements upstream so that the box culvert at Kuakini Highway would not require resizing (personal communication, Derrick Elfalan, Oceanit, Inc., May 5, 2006). Nevertheless, all culverts will be assessed during final design to verify that culvert sizes are sufficient to convey predicted runoff at each location. Improvements needed at the Waiaha Stream drainage way, including its "Splitflow #3" crossing near the southern project terminus, have been included in the design of the Ali`i Highway project. 1 .2.3 Implement Common Design Standards — Enhance Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities and Visual Character Another purpose of this project is to apply common design standards along Kuakini Highway. These design standards are described in Section 1.4. While some stretches of Kuakini Highway have been previously upgraded by private developers in association with their projects, varying design standards across the development projects has led to an inconsistent appearance. Moreover, those segments of roadway without recent development have not been improved. Therefore, the County proposes to create a more visually cohesive roadway design. Beyond widening and adding vehicular lanes to the roadway, the County also proposes to extend the enhancement of pedestrian and bicycle facilities that was begun in Phase 1 between Palani and Hualalai Roads. Early public input regarding the project (see Chapter 3) confirmed that pedestrian and bicycle facility improvements are needed in this roadway segment. Employees and students at the University of Nations represent a significant portion of the need since many people walk or bike regularly between the campus and the center of Kailua-Kona. Therefore, connecting the University to Hualalai Road, with its pedestrian and bicycle facilities, would benefit the University community and residents in the adjacent areas. Visual improvements such as landscaping and the relocation of overhead utility poles were also part of the Phase 1 design. Under Phase 2, DPW proposes to extend such improvements to achieve a consistent look, enhancing the corridor. Where possible, the proposed typical section for Phase 2 was made similar to Phase 1, including the placement of utility poles only on the mauka side of the road. See Section 1.4 below for more details on the typical section. March 2013 Page 1-4 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 1 .2.4 Enhance Emergency Access / Evacuation Capacity The town of Kailua-Kona on the Kona coast is vulnerable to coastal hazards such as tsunamis and tropical storms. In the event of an evacuation, the routes presently available are Ali`i Drive, Kuakini Highway, Queen Kaahumanu Highway and capacity-limited mauka-makai roads. Ali`i Drive is near sea level, making it vulnerable to flooding. Ali`i Drive also has a narrow, two-lane configuration with only limited expansion potential due to its proximity to the shoreline. The section of Kuakini Highway proposed for widening also has a narrow, two-lane configuration. The limitations of these two main roads out of Kailua-Kona, and the limited number of mauka- makai access points, constrain emergency evacuation. Widening Kuakini Highway to four lanes and increasing mauka-makai roadway capacity under separate projects would enhance the emergency access and evacuation capacity of the roadways in Kailua-Kona. 1.3 BASIC TRANSPORTATION ASSUMPTIONS This analysis is based on certain transportation network assumptions. It is assumed that all projects in the STIP and other County roadway projects are implemented with the exception of the proposed project. In particular, it is assumed that the following key roadway projects proceed: • Phase I of Ali`i Highway, which would connect it to Kuakini Highway, is assumed to be completed before or simultaneous to the completion of the southern portion of this proposed project. • Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension, between Malulani Drive and Kuakini Highway, is assumed to be widened by HDOT. • Kuakini Highway, south of its intersection with Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension to Kamehameha III Road, is assumed to be widened by HDOT. The roadway network presumed for 2020 is illustrated in Figure 1-2. 1.4 ALTERNATIVES ADDRESSED IN THIS EA Two main alternatives are analyzed in this EA, the No-Build and Build. The proposed project is the Build Alternative. There are two versions of the Build Alternative described below. The preferred version of the Build Alternative has not been selected and would be identified in the Final EA. Other alternatives that were considered but rejected are addressed in Section 1.5. 1 .4.1 No-Build Alternative The No-Build Alternative assumes that the widening of Kuakini Highway between Hualalai Road and Ali`i Highway would not be accomplished by 2020. The existing two-lane cross-section would remain in the bulk of the project area. However, it is assumed that between now and the year 2020 some intersection improvements, such as additional turn lanes and signalization, would be made to try and respond to demand without widening the entire length of the highway. This alternative assumes implementation of the other roadway construction projects described in Section 1.3. March 2013 Page 1-5 19 Hama AmV �y � Kalaaa .Yeahaie Point x,,.a � � 4,� i $ A 0 n a o a a 8 a oO❑ a o�[]�qI a DQ O der $ a Wdwtlhrwda Ftlin1 °a a o Q Hoaokahaa a c 0 a oaac Irafaka c a g Q D D 7c Hanakohau Bay U�'A ao i ❑ 0 8 k o o O dyyRbVA D 4 IsachuOAl Paint C Kgllr, Kona m h 1Cailua Bay a Project Location , a Halvalaa a S k'alT►Cf! Paint � r� lr haiuu B'oy b b 0 1 2ml Kahaltm a 1 Q 1 21(M11 j' ■ A b 'moron.d New Cont. a ❑ 2—Lane Arteriul Kaeeiha�.r. 8esy A a 4--Lone Arterfcl Kmauhou • ❑ 6—Lune Arterml A Project Number w'}I a d 1i 6 A d ifuaTnzc Bay % Year 2020 Network and Proposed Project Kuakini Highway Improvements Project Kailua-Kona,Hawaii Figure 1-2 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment The No-Build Alternative would not address the purpose and needs of this project because it would not relieve existing or future traffic congestion, improve local traffic circulation, improve roadway drainage, nor achieve common design standards along Kuakini Highway. No cycling and pedestrian facilities would be provided, and the visual character of the roadway would remain similar to the existing conditions. This alternative is included because it was suggested at a public meeting on November 16, 2005 that other projects should receive higher priority than this one. 1 .4.2 Build Alternative The Build Alternative involves widening Kuakini Highway to four lanes from Hualalai Road to the proposed Ali`i Highway. Additional improvements include auxiliary lanes; bike lanes and sidewalks on both sides; curbs, gutters, and drainage system; utility relocations; highway lighting; and intersection improvements. Figure 1-3 shows the proposed 80-foot-wide typical section, and Figure 1-4, Figure 1-5, and Figure 1-6 show the anticipated project footprint. Two slightly different versions of the Build Alternative are under consideration, Design Alternatives 1 and 2. Both use the same general/existing alignment and would provide similar roadway cross-sections. They differ in that the footprint of Design Alternative 1 is designed to remain within the existing 80-foot right—of-way (ROW) owned by the County while the centerline of Design Alternative 2 diverts slightly from the current centerline in places, resulting in the footprint of Design Alternative 2 extending beyond the current ROW in areas. Design Alternative 1 would not require any ROW acquisition but Design Alternative 2 would require some ROW acquisition. Design Alternative 2 is designed to reduce the height of retaining walls; a balance between ROW acquisition and retaining wall height was struck for Design Alternative 2 such that no displacements would occur as a result of the ROW acquisition. Both versions of the Build Alternative would generate construction impacts beyond the existing or new ROW. Due to similarities between the two versions of Build Alternative, they are treated as the same alternative in much of this EA. Where differences exist in their descriptions and/or their impacts, those differences are specifically noted. The following three sections address elements common to both Design Alternatives, and elements specific to each. 1.4.2.1 Common Elements of Both Design Alternatives The following is a list of major work items proposed under the Build Alternative, followed by a discussion of additional details for selected items: • Widen Kuakini Highway from a two-lane undivided roadway to a four-lane roadway with center turn lane, curb, and gutter; • Construct retaining walls, including cuts and fills where necessary; • Construct drywells and permanent post-construction Best Management Practices (BMPs); • Install bike lanes on both sides of the road, in accordance with Bike Plan Hawaii, with clear markings at intersections; • Install sidewalks on both sides of the road, in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA); • Improve driveways with direct access to Kuakini Highway; March 2013 Page 1-7 Utility Pole --Utility Pole ROW 80'Right-of-way ROW I 11' 11' Traffic Lane Traffic Lane I Mauka Existing Pavement i Makal Existing Street Light— ROW 80'Right-of-Way ROW Landscape Area 3. 5' 5' 10.5' 10.5' 1 .5' 10,5' 10.5' 5' 5' 75' Sidewalk Bike Lane Traffic Lane Traffic Lane Left Tui n Lane Traffic Lane Traffic Lane Bike Lane Sidewalk I �O Mauka Dry depth deptn Dry- Makai well varies vanes well t Proposed Street Light ROW 80'Right-of-Way ROW 3.75`Landscape Area El 5' 5' 10.5' 10.5' 1 .5' 10 5' 10.5' 5' 5' 1375' Sidewalk Bike Lane Traffic Lane Traffic Lane Left Tun Lane Traffic Lane Traffic Lane Bike Lane Sidewalk r Dry- Retaining ell depth vanes Well Wall Retaining Ivaries Proposed Wall (with Retaining Wall) Mauka Makai NOT TO SCALE Typical Roadway Sections Kuakini Highway Improvements Project Kailua-Kona,Hawaii 0 Figure i-3 r b 6 // I� C" 0 ! ^~ 1 � tu I !v m o i 00 a . \ , �-kA c �J a4 b .. 1 1 � 1 d 66 1 II � OF� a \ \ C;d V I 1 h Uaim `di cd xk x W) ■ t`r ! rah I •+ ' ...,._._. ] F'' % % %6N r _. �I �n m •F --�- -----__...-- --------- w 1 I{ r a w � F tea ' �I 11 '�i t 14 E- P4 � 191 U II I�r p �� 1. � I II pQ 'IIC> I o r2 r { � I In ! j 1 m 1 w II ( m 1 0 i 11 ;I ► c 00 c ci M cam— q � `,\ a°C � •y� E �" C � .'\ a `\ in too , oc ,1 3 �% , N ad '� � 1 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment • Improve existing intersections at Walua Road/Onioni Street, and coordinate design of the intersections with the proposed Nani Kailua Road extension and Ali`i Highway; • Relocate and consolidate existing overhead utilities to the mauka side of highway on 80 foot poles, and place service lines to makai-side customers underground; • Protect existing buried utilities, such as sewer lines; • Install landscaping in accordance with a landscaping plan to be developed during final design; • Install signage and pavement markings; • Bridge historic Laniakea Cave, if it is found to be within the project alignment and close to the surface of the roadway; • Construct noise wall(s) to mitigate substantial noise impacts that would otherwise occur at homes abutting the roadway (Kama'aina Hale Condos); • Install crosswalks along Kuakini Highway as needed; and • Along entire length of project, upgrade/install street lights and other safety fixtures that comply with the Roadside Design Guide of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program. Both versions of the Build Alternative would have construction impacts beyond the existing ROW. The worst-case limits of construction are shown in Figure 1-4, Figure 1-5, and Figure 1-6. Should the selected contractor require a construction staging area beyond the areas already cleared through this and other environmental review processes (i.e. Ali`i Highway's environmental review process), it would be an obligation of the contractor to conduct the necessary environmental reviews prior to use. Areas surveyed during this EA were limited to a 200-foot-wide corridor along the existing street centerline. Most existing pavement would be replaced concurrently with the roadway widening. In the few areas where disturbance to existing pavement should be minimized, such as adjacent to the human burial monument in the sidewalk above Coconut Grove Marketplace, the pavement would be removed only to about a two-inch depth to prepare the roadway for new pavement. The roadway's base course would not be disturbed in these few sensitive areas. Due to steep slopes along much of the project area, retaining walls would be needed to permit the construction of flat areas to accommodate the wider road. The sizes and locations of retaining walls, and corresponding cuts and fills, differ between the two Design Alternatives and are described in the following sections (Sections 1.4.2.2 and 1.4.2.3). A geotechnical report prepared to address the design of retaining walls was also prepared during the project planning process, and is included as Appendix B. A 24-inch culvert located about 1,000 feet north of the Walua Road intersection would be relocated by about 10 feet so that the flow would be better aligned with existing drywells on private property makai of Kuakini Highway. Two other culverts and drainpipes within the project limits, servicing the Keopu and Waiaha Streams, are currently being addressed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Ali`i Highway Project respectively, and therefore are not included in the scope of this project. The drainage improvements that are part of this project would consist of constructing drywells under the sidewalk to handle roadway runoff as shown in Figure 1-3. Details of drywell locations and sizes would be developed during project design, but construction depth is March 2013 Page 1-12 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment estimated to be roughly 30 feet. Permanent post-construction Best Management Practices (BMPs) would be incorporated into the design to handle and treat storm water runoff from the roadway, in accordance with the City and County of Honolulu's "Rules Relating to Storm Drainage Standards" (January 2000). The County of Hawaii is currently developing its own storm drain standards, but until those standards are completed, Honolulu's standards would be used. Although access from Kuakini Highway to abutting properties would be maintained, it may be restricted to one location and/or turning movements may be prohibited as necessary to provide the proposed improvements. All driveways with access to Kuakini Highway would be temporarily affected by construction. Bringing the edge of the road closer to abutting property lines would further increase the slope of driveways. Re-grading and adjustment of steep driveways would be necessary. Three such steep driveways serve the Kailua Playground on the makai side, and Hualalai Center and Kama'aina Hale on the mauka side. DPW would work with affected residents to minimize any construction inconveniences. All driveway modifications would meet federal driveway grade criteria. Most of the driveway grades would not change much because they are already steep, but the ramps would extend further into the parcels. The improved intersection at Walua Road and Onioni Street would be a signalized intersection. The County is also planning to extend Nani Kailua Road, which would result in a new intersection within the Project limits; intersection improvements, including signalization would be part of the road extension project, not the proposed action. The Ali`i Highway intersection would be signalized upon its construction. Utility poles would be placed only on the mauka side of Kuakini Highway, and utility line crossings to the makai side would be placed underground. Complete undergrounding of utility lines was considered but rejected due to cost considerations (See Section 1.5). Pole design details, including options for adjusting pole heights, would be considered during the design phase. All improvements to utilities would be coordinated with the appropriate utility company and addressed during project design. Design details for the overhead utilities would be similar to the design details implemented in the Phase 1 widening of Kuakini Highway. Laniakea Cave is a historic lava tube whose path has not been clearly defined. According to anecdotal information, it appears that Laniakea Cave passes below Kuakini Highway between the Hualalai Road intersection and the Keopu Stream culvert, about 225 feet south of the intersection. Research indicates that parts of this cave may lie below the proposed project area, and the roof of the cave may be close to the ground surface. The County would make reasonable efforts to investigate the course and depth of this cave in more detail during the design phase. If it is determined that the cave is shallower than previously believed, roadway improvements may involve bridging over the cave so the roof of the cave would not be breached. If piles were required, they would be placed beyond the limits of the cave. Noise walls would be built between the widened highway and Kama'aina Hale Condos. The wall would extend from one end of the Kama'aina Hale Condos property to the other, with a break for the access driveway in the middle. The wall would be 5 to 10 feet high and located within the right-of-way just mauka of the sidewalk. The depth of excavation required for roadway construction would be about three feet in most areas. On the mauka side, in specific locations where utility poles are to be placed, 12-foot deep holes would be drilled. Where utility relocations are necessary, including those areas where overhead utilities would be placed underground to cross to the makai side, excavation March 2013 Page 1-13 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment would be four to five feet deep. Construction of drywells would entail excavation to a depth of about 30 feet. Footings for retaining walls would also be excavated. Depths would depend on the size of walls, but would be generally four feet deep. The designed speed of the facility would be 50 miles per hour (mph). The posted speed limit would be 35 mph. 1.4.2.2 Design Alternative 1 — Minimize Land Acquisition Under Build Alternative 1, Kuakini Highway as widened would lie within the existing ROW already owned by the County. No ROW acquisition would be needed. Because the widening would extend the edges of the road essentially to match the 80-foot ROW, the construction zone would extend beyond the edge of the ROW by around ten feet on each side to accommodate construction activities. Because of space constraints associated with keeping the roadway within the existing ROW, this alternative would require retaining walls longer and/or higher than in Design Alternative 2, increasing the construction cost. The height of retaining walls on the makai side would range from two to 16 feet; those on the mauka side would range from two to 12 feet. Under this Design Alternative, there would be a total of 18 wall structures with a total length of 4,820 feet. Twelve walls would be in fill condition (makai side), and six walls would be in cut condition (mauka side). 1.4.2.3 Design Alternative 2— Minimize Retaining Walls This design alternative is intended to create a Build Alternative requiring fewer and shorter retaining walls, reducing construction cost. Property beyond the existing roadway ROW would be needed. As a result, the project footprint under Design Alternative 2 would be slightly larger than under Design Alternative 1. The areas shown as proposed ROW on Figure 1-4, Figure 1-5, and Figure 1-6 indicate where Design Alternative 2 would have a larger footprint than Design Alternative 1. Under this alternative, the height of retaining walls on both the makai and mauka sides would range from two to 16 feet. There would be a total of 22 wall structures with a total length of 4,170 feet. Fifteen walls would be in fill condition (makai side), and seven walls would be in cut condition (mauka side). See Section 2.2.3 for details of proposed ROW acquisitions. 1.5 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT REJECTED This section consists of brief descriptions of alternatives (or components of alternatives) that were considered, and the reason(s) for rejection of that alternative. Suggestions received during the pre-assessment consultation period are also included. For a description of comments received, see Chapter 3 and Appendix A of this EA. The following types of alternatives were considered for this project: • Transportation System Management (TSM) alternative; • Alignment alternatives (different project limits); • Design alternatives (different conceptual designs); and • Parking mitigation alternatives. March 2013 Page 1-14 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 1 .5.1 Transportation System Management Alternative The TSM Alternative is defined as the application of construction, operational, and institutional actions to increase the effectiveness of the present transportation system without large capital expenditures. Relatively minor modification of existing roadway facilities fall into this category. An example of these actions would be intersection channelization and signalization. This includes the addition of turn lanes and extra through lanes near intersections provided they fit within the ROW of the highway. The TSM Alternative is essentially the same as the No-Build Alternative because a true no build was considered unreasonable given projected future traffic conditions. Projected 2020 traffic conditions indicate that the TSM Alternative would result in extreme delays throughout the Kuakini Highway corridor considered in this analysis. The study found that a four-lane Kuakini Highway cross-section would be needed to accommodate through traffic between the future intersection with Ali`i Highway and Hualalai Road. Therefore, the TSM Alternative was rejected because it does not address the need for future transportation capacity in the project corridor. 1 .5.2 Alignment Alternatives 1.5.2.1 Construct New Arterial Road Attempting to construct an additional north-south arterial appears infeasible. Government planning documents and master plans have not identified any other arterial roadway for Kailua- Kona, and environmental impacts of a new roadway facility would greatly exceed those of widening an existing roadway. Moreover, the proposed project would function in conjunction with the new Ali`i Highway, which is a north-south arterial in the segment south of its intersection with Kuakini Highway, but also turns east (mauka-bound) to serve as a mauka-makai connector between Kuakini Highway and Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension (See Figure 1-1). 1.5.2.2 Widen Other Existing Roadways Another option considered was widening other existing and future north-south arterial roadways to reduce travel demand on Kuakini Highway. Other arterials in Kailua-Kona are already being widened or are planned for future widening. The State Department of Transportation (HDOT) plans to widen Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension between Malulani Drive and Kuakini Highway and Kuakini Highway between Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension and Kamehameha III Road. These roads would be widened from two to four lanes, and possibly six lanes in places. The northern portion of Ali`i Highway, which includes its intersection with Kuakini Highway, it is initially proposed to be built as a two- lane facility, but a four-lane configuration is also possible. Space constraints would make it difficult to widen Ali`i Drive, which is adjacent to the coastline. However, even with these other facilities being widened, and regardless of whether Ali`i Highway is built as two or four lanes, the widening of Kuakini Highway would still be needed by 2020 because travel forecasts show that there would otherwise not be enough north-south capacity serving Kailua-Kona near the village center. Further widening the existing facilities would have minimal effectiveness due to difficulty handling additional lanes at intersections and due to ROW constraints. March 2013 Page 1-15 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 1.5.2.3 Alternative Treatments of Southern Terminus Public comments during the pre-assessment consultation phase (See Section 3.1) included suggestions to extend the roadway widening further south than the proposed terminus at the future Ali`i Highway intersection. However, this alternative was rejected because the current proposed project would feed Ali`i Highway as the through route for north-south mobility. Therefore, widening Kuakini south of the intersection with Ali`i Highway is not needed to address the purposes and needs of the project. Other suggestions included connecting Kuakini Highway directly into Ali`i Highway as the through route. However, given the existing Kuakini Highway alignment and the need for a mauka-makai connector between Ali`i Highway and Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension, this option was considered less reasonable than the proposed Build Alternative. Regardless of the intersection geometry, a signal would be required. That signal would be programmed to make the intersection as efficient as possible. 1 .5.3 Roadway Design Alternatives 1.5.3.1 Three-Lane Widening Alternative A three-lane widening alternative was developed that would consist of widening both existing lanes, and adding a center turn lane. Members of the public suggested this alternative during early project coordination. Another variation of this alternative would involve widening Kuakini Highway to four lanes only in the northern segment to allow better flow through Hualalai Road, and use the three-lane configuration in the remaining southern segment. This alternative was rejected from further consideration, because traffic delays and congestion are forecast to be significant if only two through lanes (one in each direction) are provided in the southern segment. 1.5.3.2 Complete Undergrounding of Utility Lines As with Phase 1, complete undergrounding of utility lines was considered but eliminated from further consideration due to cost. Preliminary estimates indicate that complete undergrounding of utilities would be $10.5 million (in 2006 dollars), or almost double the cost of the proposed partial undergrounding at $5.9 million. Roughly 5,700 feet of undergrounding would be required. Additional details regarding undergrounding utilities are provided in Section 2.3.3.3 and the electrical engineering report in Appendix C of this EA. Early public comments included a suggestion to underground utilities regardless of cost. While recognizing the aesthetic benefit and potential avoidance of natural hazard damages that may be achieved by undergrounding utilities, DPW has determined that the additional expenditure of capital funds to achieve complete undergrounding would not be the best use of County funds. It is also anticipated that federal funding would not be available to help cover the additional costs of undergrounding utilities. 1.5.3.3 Alternative Intersection Improvements Roundabouts have been suggested as an alternative to the traditional signalized intersection. Roundabouts require much more land than a standard intersection and would not fit within the existing ROW, or the additional ROW considered for acquisition for Design Alternative 2. March 2013 Page 1-16 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Greater ROW acquisition, increased impacts to private property, and higher cost than associated with the Build Alternative would result from a roundabout. For these reasons, roundabouts were eliminated from consideration at this time. In the future, intersections could be evaluated on a case-by-case basis for the possibility of converting them to roundabouts as development along the corridor occurs. 1 .5.4 Miscellaneous Design Alternatives Public comments received during project planning included suggestions for the construction of a raised pedestrian walkway on the mauka side of the roadway and a pre-cast post-tensioned segment on the makai side. This would minimize grading and land acquisition costs, improve pedestrian and bicyclist safety, and provide scenic views. These suggestions were considered but were rejected due to conflicts with driveways, difficulty in providing pedestrian and disabled access to these elevated walkways, and higher construction costs. Moreover, scenic views along most of the project alignment would be impeded due to existing structures and future developments unless the suggested walkway was constructed much higher than the existing roadway. 1.6 CONSISTENCY WITH GOVERNMENT PLANS, POLICIES, AND CONTROLS This section discusses whether the No-Build and Build Alternatives are consistent with existing government plans, policies, and controls. 1 .6.1 State of Hawaii Plans and Controls 1.6.1.1 Hawaii State Plan The Hawaii State Plan (June 1991), as codified in Chapter 226 of the Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS), serves as a guide for the future long-range development of the State. It consists of comprehensive goals, objectives, and policies for determining priorities and allocating resources. The State Plan promotes the growth and diversification of the State's economy, the protection of the physical environment, the provision of public facilities, and the promotion of and assistance to socio-cultural advancement. The Build Alternatives would support the goals and objectives of the Hawaii State Plan dealing with economic, physical, and natural environment, and transportation objectives and policies. The No-Build Alternative would do little to support the goals and objectives of the Hawaii State Plan, because it would not provide the transportation improvements needed to facilitate economic development for the region. In accordance with the Plan's economic objectives and policies, the Build Alternatives would facilitate commerce through improved transportation service. It would also contribute to the local and State economies by providing largely federally-funded construction jobs. In addition, the project would facilitate commerce without damaging the natural environment. As described in this EA, the proposed project would avoid or mitigate impacts to important historic, physical, and natural resources. 1.6.1.2 Hawaii State Land Use Controls The State Land Use Commission (SLUC), under the authority granted in HRS Chapter 205, regulates land use through classification of State lands into four districts: Urban, Agriculture, March 2013 Page 1-17 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Conservation, and Rural. The intent of the land classification is to accommodate growth and development while retaining the natural and agricultural resources of the State. Each district has specific land use objectives and development constraints. The area surrounding Kuakini Highway within the project limits is largely classified Urban, except for two disconnected areas on the mauka side of the highway. The proposed configuration of the highway improvements, which would include sidewalks, curbs, and gutters, would be typical of arterial roads within such environments, and, therefore, the Build Alternatives would be consistent with the mostly Urban classification of the study area. 1.6.1.3 Hawaii Long-Range Land Transportation Plan The Hawaii Long-Range Land Transportation Plan (May 1998) identifies the major land transportation improvements needed by the year 2020. The long-range plan is currently being updated, but the update is not yet complete. The recommendations of the plan represent those projects needed to support anticipated growth and development on the Island of Hawaii. This plan identifies the widening of Kuakini Highway from Hualalai Road to Hawaii Belt Road as a needed and cost-feasible improvement. The proposed project from Hualalai Road to the future Ali`i Highway intersection is a portion of the segment identified in the Plan. Construction of Ali`i Highway, including its intersection with Kuakini Highway and Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension, is also a component of the Hawaii Long-Range Land Transportation Plan. 1.6.1.4 Coastal Zone Management The entire State of Hawaii is within the Coastal Zone Management (CZM) area, as federally- defined. The objectives and policies of the Hawaii CZM Program are to protect and manage Hawai`i's coastal resources. Federally-assisted activities within Hawai`i's coastal zone, including the project site, must be consistent with CZM objectives and policies. The following is a discussion of the project's Build Alternatives consistency with the objectives and policies of the State's CZM Program. The Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (DBEDT), the agency administering the State's CZM program, would review a more detailed assessment, to be submitted during final design (see Section 1.8). Recreation Resources The Build Alternatives would not adversely affect parks and recreational resources in the project area. Kailua Playground is the only park or recreational resource that has direct access to and from Kuakini Highway. The driveway access into the park would be modified to adjust it to the slope necessary to maintain the existing access. The slope would increase from 17 percent to approximately 18 percent, which is still within federal driveway standards (see Section 2.12). The driveway slope would penetrate further into the park than it currently does but none of the park facilities would be affected by the driveway modifications. Historic Resources An archaeological inventory survey (see Appendix E) was conducted to identify historic resources (archaeological, cultural, or historic sites on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places) that could be affected by the project. In addition, the State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) and others (see Section 2.11 and 3.2.1) were consulted to ensure that all potential historic properties were identified. NHPA Section 106 requires a good faith effort to identify historic properties that could potentially be affected by the project. The FHWA March 2013 Page 1-18 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment determined that none of the historic sites identified would be adversely affected provided avoidance, protection, and/or mitigation measures outlined in this EA are followed. This assessment and the recommended mitigating measures was submitted to the Hawaii SHPO who is reviewing the determination. For more information see Section 2.11. Scenic and Open Space Resources The Build Alternatives would not block scenic resources (see Section 2.8). Existing mountain and ocean vistas would be unaffected by the project. Coastal Ecosystems The elements of the Build Alternatives would not be within the Shoreline Setback Area. Although the Special Management Area (SMA), areas designated to assure that development impacts do not negatively affect coastal environmentally sensitive resources, extends from the current makai edge of the ROW of Kuakini Highway to the shoreline, project elements would largely be constructed mauka of the SMA. Therefore, coastal habitats or ecosystems would not be affected by the project. Economic Uses The Build Alternatives would benefit residents, workers and visitors of Kailua-Kona by alleviating roadway congestion on Kuakini Highway, thereby improving the transportation network and improving access to community resources. Project construction would also contribute to the local economy. For further information see Section 2.9. Coastal Hazards Kuakini Highway is an infrastructure element for evacuation in the event of a coastal hazard, such as a hurricane or tsunami, as well as volcanic eruptions. The Build Alternatives would provide two additional lanes on Kuakini Highway, increasing evacuation capacity. Otherwise, there would be no change to conditions affected by natural hazards. For further information about natural hazards see Section 2.1. Managing Development The Build Alternatives would facilitate local development in areas planned for growth. The Build Alternative would also require State and County permits that include provisions for public participation. These permits are important for the protection of coastal resources. Public Participation To date, project planning has included one public information meeting, and a presentation to the Hawaii Island Burial Council. Consultations with federal, State and County agencies have also been conducted. For more information see Chapter 3. Additional opportunities for public participation would be afforded after the Draft EA is published. Beach Protection The Build Alternatives would not affect coastal erosion because the project site is not adjacent to or abutting the shoreline. March 2013 Page 1-19 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Marine Resources The Build Alternatives would not have an impact on marine or coastal resources because the project site is not adjacent to or abutting the shoreline. Also see Coastal Ecosystems above. 1 .6.2 County of Hawaii Plans and Controls 1.6.2.1 Hawaii County General Plan The County of Hawai`i's General Plan (February 2005) is the policy document for the long range comprehensive development of the island of Hawaii. Its purpose is to guide the pattern of future development on the island; provide the framework for regulatory decisions, capital improvement priorities, acquisition strategies, and other pertinent government programs; and improve the physical environment of the county, among other purposes. In the area of transportation, the following goals were identified: • Provide a system of roadways for the safe, efficient and comfortable movement of people and goods. • Provide an integrated State and County transportation system so that new major routes will complement and encourage proposed land policies. The General Plan's Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide Map (LUPAG) shows most of the area surrounding Kuakini Highway within the project limits as medium density urban. In terms of transportation, the General Plan does not have specific recommendations for Kuakini Highway, but as described in Section 2.2, the proposed highway improvements under the Build Alternative would be consistent with the medium density land use designation. 1.6.2.2 Kona Community Development Plan The Mapping Kona's Future, Kona Community Development Plan (September 2008), adopted by the Hawaii County Council in 2008, encompasses the North and South Kona areas. The overall goal of the plan is to develop a mixed residential, commercial, industrial, resort, and recreational community to meet the Kona region's growing needs. The Development Plan identifies some priority roadway improvements needed to accommodate traffic volumes and transportation goals, objectives, policies, and actions. Although the proposed project is not specifically named in the transportation element of the plan, the plan does identify Kuakini Highway as a minor collector road. In addition, the plan identifies the construction of the Kahului-Keauhou Parkway (also known as Ali`i Highway), as a priority arterial highway project. Without increasing the capacity of Kuakini Highway between Hualalai Road and the future Ali`i Highway intersection, a bottleneck would result within this segment when Ali`i Highway becomes operational. 1.6.2.3 Master Plan for Kailua-Kona The Master Plan for Kailua-Kona (April 1994) is a comprehensive plan expressing the opportunities and constraints concerning land development controls, land use options, special design treatment areas, physical design treatment and design criteria guidelines, pedestrian and vehicular circulation patterns, other infrastructure assessments, public and private community facilities, historical and cultural sites, notable natural land forms and water features, views and vistas, and basic concepts of environmental character including architectural and design goals. During the plan development process, public and agency input on alternative engineering March 2013 Page 1-20 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment approaches to use patterns and public infrastructure were incorporated. The plan also provides evaluation mechanisms and an implementation timetable. The Master Plan recommends widening Kuakini Highway to a four-lane facility with improved walkways, bike lanes, and under-grounding of utilities. Phase 1 of this recommendation, the segment between Palani and Hualalai Roads, has been constructed, although the County in consultation with the public opted to underground utilities only partially, as described above. The proposed project would fulfill the next phase of this recommendation with a similar design. 1.7 PROJECT COST AND SCHEDULE Based on conceptual engineering, the estimated construction cost of the project is $50.2 million (2007 dollars) for Design Alternative 1 and $45.2 million (2007 dollars) for Design Alternative 2. These estimates include landscaping, drainage, highway lighting, traffic control measures, roadway signs and striping, appurtenances, paving, and environmental mitigation costs. Based on customary cost sharing formulas, the County would be responsible for 20 percent of the costs, and FHWA would contribute 80 percent. The estimated project schedule is as follows: • Completion of Environmental Planning: late-2013 • Begin Preliminary/Final Engineering and Permitting: early-2014 • Complete Engineering and Permitting: late-2014 • Coordinate with utilities, particularly HELCO: 3-year duration (some overlap with engineering and permitting) • Advertise/Award Construction Contract: mid-2015 • Start Construction/End Construction: mid-2015 to mid-2017 This project would be constructed in two phases — Phases 2A and 2B. Phase 2A would be the segment between Hualalai Road and just past Coconut Grove Marketplace, where the future Nani Kailua Road extension is proposed to intersect Kuakini Highway. Phase 2B would extend south of Phase 2A to the future Ali`i Highway intersection. Phase 2B would not be required until Ali`i Highway is connected to Kuakini Highway. At the time of this writing, the time frame for construction of Ali`i Highway's northern segment (Phase Il--connecting with Kuakini Highway) is uncertain. 1.8 PERMITS AND APPROVALS Table 1-1 lists approvals and permits that may be required for the Build Alternative. As noted below, activities to obtain some approvals are ongoing and need to be finalized prior to completion of the environmental review process. Other permits and approvals would be obtained during final design or prior to construction. It is anticipated that a Section 404 permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) under the Clean Water Act (CWA), as amended, would not be needed. Although older topographic maps indicate that water bodies exist along the project alignment, none of these water bodies are in existence today because of extensive development and changes to topography that have occurred. Therefore, no dredging or fill of regulatory "Waters of the U.S." would occur as a result of this project. Coordination with the USACE is documented in Section 3.2.3 and Appendix A of this EA. March 2013 Page 1-21 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Table 1-1: Permits and Approvals AGENCY PERMIT OR APPROVAL Department of the Army Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (on-going) State Historic Preservation Officer Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (on-going) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Act Section 7 (informal consultation only; on-going) Department of Business, Economic Hawaii Coastal Zone Management Program Consistency Development, and Tourism concurrence Department of Health National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit for storm water discharges relating to construction activities Department of Health Water Quality Certification, Section 401 of the Clean Water Act (possible, if Section 404 is triggered) Department of Health Noise Permit Department of Land and Natural Stream Channel Alteration Permit (possible, if Section 404 is Resources triggered) Department of Land and Natural HRS Chapter 6E-8 Review (on-going in coordination with Resources, Historic Preservation Section 106) Division Planning Department Special Management Area (SMA) permit, only if Design Alternative 2 is selected Department of Public Works Grading, Grubbing, Stockpiling and Excavation permit March 2013 Page 1-22 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment CHAPTER 2 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT, POTENTIAL IMPACTS, AND PROPOSED MITIGATION This chapter describes existing conditions in the area potentially affected by the project. It also describes immediate and long-term environmental impacts of the proposed action, including construction-phase impacts. Where an impact is considered adverse, measures proposed to avoid, minimize, or mitigate the impact are specified. In most cases, the two Design Alternatives of the Build Alternative are similar, and are simply identified as the Build Alternative. Where impacts differ between the two Design Alternatives, such differences are specified. 2.1 GEOGRAPHIC SETTING AND HAZARDS 2.1 .1 Existing Conditions 2.1.1.1 Geology and Soils The Island of Hawaii, often referred to as the "Big Island," was formed by the volcanic eruptions of Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa, Kohala, Kilauea, and Hualalai (see Figure 2-1). The project site is near the coastline on the western flank of Hualalai, which rises to an elevation of 8,271 feet above sea level (asl), and lies in between the larger Mauna Kea (13,796 feet asl) and Mauna Loa (13,677 feet asl). Although Hualalai is one of the older volcanoes on the Big Island, its superficial flows are geologically young, and therefore, well-developed drainage channels have not formed along the volcano's flanks. The project site is on the western slope of Hualalai, and is characterized by basalt rock formation of the Hualalai Volcanic Series. Most of the near surface geology in the project area appears to be comprised of pahoehoe type lava flow, with some localized coverage of a'a type lava flows. 2.1.1.2 Natural Hazards Eruptions occurring at Hualalai are much less frequent than the more active Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes. Hualalai last erupted in 1800-1801 from several vents to the north of Kailua- Kona. Since this last eruption was relatively recent on a geologic timescale, a Hualalai eruption is highly probable within the next two centuries. Four types of volcanic eruptions occur on the Big Island: lava flows, tephra, volcanic gases, and pyroclastic surges. Lava flows are the most common type of eruption on the Big Island. The Hualalai area, which includes the project area, is designated Hazard Zone 4 for lava flows (Zone 9 has the lowest risk, and Zone 1 has the highest risk). However, hazard zone boundaries are imprecise, as evidenced by the fact that only about five percent of Zone 4 in North Kona is covered by fresh lava from Hualalai since 1800 and only about 15 percent of this Zone 4 is covered by lava from Hualalai since 1240 (Volcanic and Seismic Hazards on the Island of Hawaii, 1990). March 2013 Page 2-1 I I '1✓il{li i V � PROJECTOOG VICINITY HILO Q l , � I KAILUA-KONA 2 U boo;: IL UE Hazard Zones Contour Interval 300m (100 ft.) � Note:The island of Hawaii is divided into zones according to the degree of 0 3 hazard from lava flows:Zone 1 is the 4 areas of the greatest hazard,Zone 9 3 of the least. Legend 5 Hazard zone boundaries are approximate and gradational. 7 These boundaries are not specific enough to determine the Hualalai Lava Flow of 1801 8 absolute degree of danger at any particular site. Lava flow — 9 hazard maps are designed to show relative hazard across the Island of Hawaii and are meant to be used for general planning purposes only. Source: U.S. Department of the Interior/Geological Survey and the State of Hawaii Office of Planning, November 2001. SCALE: Five Major Volcanoes of Hawaii 0 5 10 FT Kuakini Highway Improvements Project Kailua-Kona,Hawaii 0 Figurer-1 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Tephra consists of volcanic ash and coarser fragments produced by fountaining lava and explosive eruptions. Tephra and volcanic gas are generally not considered a serious hazard to Kailua-Kona, although the project area is within Hazard Zone 2 for both types of eruptions (on a scale of 1 to 3, with 1 representing the greatest risk). Pyroclastic surges are not associated with Hualalai. Volcanic activities, even if there were no eruption, often cause earthquakes from the movement of magma (subsurface molten rock). Such earthquakes occur relatively infrequently at Hualalai in comparison to the more active Kilauea and Mauna Loa. A series of earthquakes associated with Hualalai lasting more than a month occurred in 1929, in addition to a large 6.9 magnitude earthquake caused by a suboceanic tectonic displacement in 1951. Like the rest of the Big Island, Kailua-Kona is designated Zone 4 (the highest risk) for earthquake design in the Uniform Building Code. Tsunamis are usually generated when the sea floor is deformed abruptly during an earthquake, and can travel hundreds of miles across an ocean. Based on historical records, the areas most vulnerable to tsunamis are Hilo and the North shores of all the islands. The greatest tsunami wave run-up heights along the Kona coast were between 5 to 16 feet, which occurred during the 1960 tsunami that caused extensive damage throughout the Hawaiian Islands. As shown on Figure 2-2, Kuakini Highway is on the eastern (mauka) edge of the tsunami evacuation area. 2.1.1.3 Hazardous Materials Hazardous materials encountered during highway construction could jeopardize worker safety, delay the project, cause cost overruns, and have other undesirable effects. A database search was conducted in October 2005 (Environmental Data Resources, Inc.), consisting of a review of existing federal and state environmental databases per the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards for environmental site assessments (El527-00) at that time. The EDR database search identified nine potential hazardous waste sites in the general vicinity of the project site; however, none of these sites were located adjacent to the proposed project corridor. The project area was then surveyed to identify potential contaminant sites not listed in the databases. The intent of the assessment survey was to identify reported and obvious potential hazardous material conditions that would need to be addressed by the project. A definitive determination of the actual presence or absence of contamination has not been made. Based on a visual assessment of the project corridor during the site reconnaissance, two potential hazardous waste sites which did not appear in the EDR database were identified adjacent to the proposed project alignment as follows: • Unocal 76 Gas Station, 75-5756 Kuakini Highway — This site is a gas station and auto maintenance facility. Four pump islands and one power generator appeared to be housed on this well-kept site. No outward signs of hazardous materials were noted. • Mazda/Subaru Dealership, 75-5793 Kuakini Highway — This well-kept site is a car dealership and auto maintenance facility. No outward signs of hazardous materials were noted. No additional sites were identified during the project area survey. March 2013 Page 2-3 a ,y ,,% t0 P. � C o �% F� :0' k i go ' w C c v 0 eu ya wnd V3,uo�Uo C x C b hoe x W ro SZ -C N C O = O 0m IL o_ m U y 3 s 2 0 a c N � c O v _ o C � � o c� C � � = o o LLI co Q Q1 Uj U N y J Kahn!5t o cn Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 2.1 .2 Potential Impacts Neither the Build nor No-Build alternatives would affect the geologic conditions of the study area. Because the Build Alternative requires cutting of slopes and building of retaining walls, some topographic changes would occur as part of the project definition. The No-Build Alternative would not result in any changes to the topography. The Build Alternative could facilitate emergency egress from Kailua-Kona in the case of an evacuation due to a natural hazard, such as volcanic eruption or tsunami. The No-Build Alternative would not meet this project purpose and need. Hazardous material impacts on the proposed project are not expected. Only edges of the Unocal 76 Gas Station and Mazda/Subaru Dealership properties would be directly affected by the proposed project. Construction would not approach the infrastructure on these properties which are set back from the road. However, during construction, the contractor should be aware that petroleum products are stored in underground tanks in the area and undocumented releases could have occurred. Personnel should be alert for signs of potential petroleum contamination when soil is excavated. If any contaminants are encountered during construction, they would be handled in accordance with applicable Hawaii Department of Health (HDOH) requirements. See Section 2.14.5. 2.2 LAND USE 2.2.1 Existing Conditions The proposed project is located in the town of Kailua-Kona, West Hawai`i's primary and largest urban area. It is also located near historic Kailua Village which is clustered around the northern section of Ali`i Drive between Palani Road and Kahakai Road. This town center is Kailua- Kona's primary visitor attraction supporting a few hotels, retail establishments, and restaurants. Cruise ships often dock offshore of the historic section of Kailua Village. Figure 2-3 shows existing and future land uses along Kuakini Highway. Within the project limits, existing land use transitions from the commercial and urban Kailua Village core to sparsely developed parcels containing mostly of single-family residences and low-density timeshare units. Land uses surrounding the Kuakini Highway/Hualalai Road intersection consist of offices, retail shops, a gasoline service station, an automobile dealership, and an apartment building. Further south, land uses are substantially less dense as they transition to mostly low-density condominiums, single-family residences, and undeveloped parcels. Major land uses within the project limits include the 45-acre University of the Nations' Kona campus, the small Pottery Terrace shopping mall, and Kona Hawaiian Village. The University of the Nations is located about 2000 feet south of the Kuakini Highway/Hualalai Road Intersection and includes dormitories and ample open space. The Pottery Terrace shopping center is located close to the southern project terminus at the intersection of Kuakini Highway and Onioni Street/Walua Street. Kona Hawaiian Village is a timeshare resort located on a 33-acre parcel between Kuakini Highway and Ali`i Drive consisting of 270 medium density bungalow-type apartments and recreational amenities. March 2013 Page 2-5 4, ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦fin♦�♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ r2� • ��♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦�♦♦ice♦.� I ♦♦♦♦D���♦��♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦iD.. , IN �♦�♦�♦�♦fit♦� . �MDE �♦�♦�♦I � �♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ice ��♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦� �i NOW rl ���1��II�1i�1♦ �A �♦��� 11111 III Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Current County of Hawaii zoning districts along the project alignment include Open, Residential, Agricultural, and Commercial. The County of Hawaii General Plan designates most of the area as medium density urban, with some area designated resort node at the northern makai end of the project area. The State Land Use District classification system shows the area as Urban and Agricultural. The project area is rapidly-developing, and rezoning actions are anticipated to bring zoning into conformance with the General Plan. 2.2.2 Land Use Development Trends According to the County of Hawai`i's Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide Map (LUPAG) (General Plan, February 2005), most of the area surrounding Kuakini Highway within the project limits area is designated for medium density urban land uses, which would include village or neighborhood types of commercial establishments and single or multiple family residences up to 35 units per acre. Some of the parcels on the makai side of Kuakini Highway are designated "resort node" by the LUPAG, which would allow "a mix of visitor-related uses such as hotels, condominium-hotels, single family and multiple family residential units, golf courses and other typical resort recreational facilities, resort commercial complexes and other support services." At the southern end of the project limits on the mauka side of Kuakini Highway, the LUPAG designates these parcels for urban expansion, which means that these parcels may allow "for a mix of high density, medium density, low density, industrial, industrial-commercial and/or open designations" if new settlements are "desirable, but where the specific settlement pattern and mix of uses have not yet been determined." Specific development projects in the corridor include Kona Sea Villas, Hualalai Village, and an apartment complex south of Pottery Terrace (see Figure 2-3). In addition, the Kailua Village Business Improvement District, formed in early 2006, has established a business improvement district to enhance and restore economic vitality in downtown Kailua-Kona. Clear boundaries of this business improvement district have been established as of October 2007. 2.2.3 Potential Impacts 2.2.3.1 Displacements No displacement impacts would occur under the No-Build Alternative. Under the Build Alternative, no homes or other buildings would need to be relocated. However, the edge of Kuakini Highway would be closer to homes and businesses fronting the highway. Under Design Alternative 1, no ROW acquisitions are anticipated. Design Alternative 2 would require ROW acquisition, as shown in Table 2-1 and Figure 2-4. Nine parcels on the makai side and four parcels on the mauka side would be affected. None of these land acquisitions are considered sufficiently large or disruptive to require relocation of the existing land uses on the affected parcels. Although access from abutting properties to Kuakini Highway would be maintained, it may be restricted to one location as necessary to provide the proposed improvements and/or turning movements may be restricted. In addition, short-term disruptions during construction would occur. The contractor would coordinate all such work with property owners and occupants. See Section 2.14.1 for additional details. March 2013 Page 2-7 i ♦ rV �— <r a N d pb'a ndeunEi W � cz 3 � i 3 -z � =I cu cu Y Q r 1 w J Kalani St. \��� �.- Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Regardless of the Design Alternative selected, almost all of the total 24 abutting properties on the makai side of the road and 19 properties on the mauka side could have up to about ten feet of the front of their property temporarily affected by construction as shown in Figure 1-4, Figure 1-5, and Figure 1-6. Temporary construction easements would be necessary. Table 2-1: Partial Acquisitions under Design Alternative 2 ROW Total TMK % of TMK Acquisition Area (sq. Acquired for TMK Owner of Record Sq. Ft. ft.) ROW Makai Properties 7-5-08:014 Mid Pac Petroleum LLC 162 24401 1% 7-5-08:016 Kailua Village 1689 45994 4% 7-5-08:003 Icthus Land Company 553 102486 1% 7-5-09:025 LBUBS 2007-C2 Ali`i Drive LLC 167 130419 0% 7-5-09:021 BP Bishop Trust Estate, JYZ Partners 3959 187831 2% 7-5-09:010 The Kona Billfisher 983 83163 1% 7-5-09:040 GRS Oasis Corp. 1367 97487 1% 7-5-06:003 County of Hawaii 937 124256 1% 7-5-18:012 i Kona Mansions V 83 107666 0% Mauka Properties 7-5-18:028 Wilson, Beverly; Wilson, Larry 757 118884 1% 7-5-10:085 Ka Ohana Waiaha 1612 2465017 0% 7-5-30:024 GLACS LLC 2265 131072 2% 7-5-17:038 Stanley, Tomono 1598 295642 0% Source: Ownership based on County tax records available on-line. See Section 2.3.3 for a discussion of on-street parking displacements. 2.2.3.2 Land Use Trends The project would support the recent and forecast land use changes in Kailua-Kona. Per the General Plan and other planning documents, properties in this part of Kailua-Kona are becoming more urbanized. As demonstrated in Section 1.6, the proposed project and surrounding development projects are consistent with government plans along Kuakini Highway. The proposed project would not change these land use trends, and in conjunction with other planned transportation projects, they would facilitate development and alleviate corresponding traffic congestion. See also Section 2.15 for a discussion of possible secondary and cumulative land use impacts. 2.2.4 Mitigation Measures The County would contact the affected property owners and follow established federal guidelines regarding compensation for property acquisition. Owners of properties affected by ROW acquisition, identified in Table 2-1, would be compensated according to requirements of the federal Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, as amended. Private landscaping affected by the project would be replaced in like kind to the extent possible. Such landscaping mitigation would be addressed in detail in a landscaping plan that would be prepared during the design phase. Affected property owners and/or occupants would be consulted on the portions of the landscaping plan affecting their properties. March 2013 Page 2-9 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Prior to the start of construction, the contractor would coordinate with owners and occupants of properties affected by driveway re-construction to ensure that access is provided at almost all times. 2.3 PUBLIC FACILITIES 2.3.1 Roadways and Traffic A Corridor Transportation Study was performed for this project and is presented in Appendix D. The following sections summarize study methods and findings. 2.3.1.1 Existing Conditions Figure 2-5 shows the Kailua-Kona roadway network. The major north-south arterial roads in Kailua-Kona consist of the Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway (including Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension), Kuakini Highway, and Ali`i Drive. These existing north-south roadways are discussed in more detail in the subsections below. The planned Ali`i Highway has not been completed but would be a mostly north-south facility between Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension and Ali`i Drive. It would curve eastward to intersect with Kuakini Highway at the southern extent of the proposed project, and continue eastward (mauka) from there to intersect Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension. Few east-west (mauka-makai) connections exist. They primarily consist of Palani Road and Henry Street to the north of the project corridor. Hualalai Road at the northern terminus of the proposed project connects Kuakini Highway and Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension. The County plans to extend Nani Kailua Road, which currently ends at Hualalai Road, so that it would cross Kuakini Highway and meet Ali`i Drive. Smaller roads such as Walua Road and Lunapele Road connect Kuakini Highway with Ali`i Drive. The Island of Hawaii is served by the "Hele-On" Bus service, which includes daily routes to and from Kailua-Kona from as far away as Hilo. Kuakini Highway Kuakini Highway is an undivided two-lane arterial roadway that extends from Kailua-Kona to Honalo. The segment from Makala Boulevard in Kailua-Kona to Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension to the south is under County of Hawaii jurisdiction; south of that it is part of State Route 11. Within the project area Kuakini Highway has limited pedestrian or bicycle facilities, curbs, and gutters. Cross streets in the project area include Hualalai Road (signalized) and Walua Road/Onioni Street (two-way stop). In the northern segment of the project area the speed limit on Kuakini Highway is 25 miles per hour (MPH) but increases to 35 MPH south of the Kona Islander and further increases to 45 MPH south of the Walua Road/Onioni Street intersection. The study performed for this project indicates that the signalized intersection of Kuakini Highway and Hualalai Road operates at a level of service (LOS) of C at peak times. This LOS indicates average traffic delays. The Walua Road/Onioni Street intersection operates at a LOS of A for all movements on Kuakini Highway and right turns off either Walua Road or Onioni Street; for vehicles crossing or turning left from Walua Road or Onioni Street there was an average delay corresponding to a LOS of C. In the morning the peak direction of travel was northbound but in the afternoon it was southbound. This directional flow pattern corresponds to work and shopping trips between March 2013 Page 2-10 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment primarily residential development to the south of the project area and industrial and commercial development to the north. Approximately 500 vehicles travel along the northern portion of the project area during peak hours; approximately 250 vehicles travel along the southern portion of the project area during peak hours. The difference is due to the dispersion of vehicles, particularly at Walua Road and developments like Coconut Grove Marketplace, in the northern portion of the project area. Figure 2-6 provides a schematic illustrating the current lane configurations at the intersections of Kuakini Highway with Hualalai Road and Onioni Street/Walua Road. Figure 2-7 illustrates existing peak hour traffic volumes in the study area in August 2005. Table 2-2 below summarizes the information collected in August 2005 at the intersections within the project area. Table 2-2: Existing Intersection Information # I AM Peak Midday Peak PM Peak Intersection Lanes I LOS I Delay I /Hr LOS Delay V/Hr LOS Delay V/Hr Hualalai Road/Kuakini Highway (signalized) Overall - C 21.2 C 20.7 B 19.9 Hualalai EB left 1 B 18.3 144 B 17.5 157 B 18.6 153 Hualalai EB through 1 B 16.1 38 B 15.9 71 B 16.7 66 Hualalai EB right B 16.1 29 B 15.9 33 B 16.7 46 Hualalai WB left 1 C 26.7 60 C 27.8 61 C 33.3 83 Hualalai WB through C 34.4 89 C 33.4 84 C 26.9 99 Hualalai WB right 1 C 34.4 112 C 33.4 92 C 26.9 117 Kuakini NB left 1 B 10.5 62 B 11.2 44 B 11.7 46 Kuakini NB through 1 C 20.2 323 B 19.4 314 B 16.7 379 Kuakini NB right C 20.2 85 B 19.4 102 B 16.7 85 Kuakini SIB left 1 B 10.4 97 B 11.0 98 B 10.3 75 Kuakini SIB through 1 C 21.7 286 C 22.2 335 C 21.2 437 Kuakini SIB right B 19.7 149 B 19.4 179 B 16.5 187 Onioni Street/Walua Road/Kuakini Highway (two-way stop) Walua EB left 1 C 25.0 137 C 20.8 98 C 20.6 84 Walua EB through C 25.0 7 C 20.8 13 C 20.6 15 Walua EB right 1 A 9.3 48 A 9.7 54 A 9.8 55 Onioni WB left C 15.6 8 C 16.1 4 C 17.4 11 Onioni WB through 1 C 15.6 13 C 16.1 5 C 17.4 4 Onioni WB right A 9.7 53 A 9.3 15 A 9.4 45 Kuakini NB left A 7.7 74 A 7.9 98 A 7.9 84 Kuakini NB through 1 A 7.7 191 A 7.9 176 A 7.9 160 Kuakini NB right A 7.7 12 A 7.9 5 A 7.9 17 Kuakini SIB left 1 A 7.7 25 A 7.9 4 A 7.9 11 Kuakini SIB through A 7.7 145 A 7.9 191 A 7.9 206 Kuakini SIB right 1 A 7.7 109 A 7.9 1 100 A 7.9 159 Source: PB, 2006 Notes: LOS = Level of service; Delay in vehicles per hour; V/Hr=vehicles per hour at peak(August 2005). SB =south-bound; NB= north-bound; EB=east-bound;WB=west-bound. March 2013 Page 2-11 . . � | E Y \ � k ' A / ( )\\\ m IP iaDI � \ , , c 2 z2\\o y yA 2 ƒ HT, / 2 \ / | 2 z / _ o a 3 co ƒ 2 ■ \ I 2 f■ f ° � e CO _ 7 =& ♦ ƒ - / 2 `.__ , : \ 2 Wnd \ ym Z 2 \% aa7 0 co Z ®/ c � �— da Z3 �. § ®— c L X § $ c x 2CL a T:E © IL \ ~© ƒ \ 3 «e \ * � ± _ \ 7 \\o / y co 2-a § Ml� &p �* 0 Q\ Ce , � , x /\ 2 / Co ) - / § �, ! >\\ « 10 k a e 7f /72 t0 � gj : LU 2 § J / e. / § 6 � 0 k ^� J � x � x 6 �Iy x 01 QI U i Q N O � O a G a, o i O a «a c � N Y cu �O Q JA C1 0 V c I W `� IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Hualalai St. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I � i \ * LO CD 2 \ \ § z ¥ }ƒ 160�/(/ -2§ r \ o o \ R § � f CD R = k 5 ~ CD CID / , = � ( a- — c \ % * m — ƒ 2 ƒ ® & ƒ k7 : 3 ) 2 cu } f ƒ� ay — - 3%§(H% � Z§dJ§ 0§oK St. ) i ( :&92Eg a@(11) 55& 2H@(45) � 08 & . ^$g 7;7' co—co 29[3 (46) co}ƒ 38 S]( EE ) H ula&» Rd. !«R9]g«} eyl( )� ) | � $ 84 A) 112[l2y9� wcw ¢ � f n� 0 � Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway State Routes 19 (north of Kailua-Kona) and 11 (south of Kailua-Kona) form the principal north- south route on the west side of the Big Island, connecting Kailua-Kona to the rest of the island. The highway ranges from an undivided two-lane arterial roadway south of Malulani Drive to a 4- lane divided arterial roadway north of Palani Road. It is known as Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway from Kawaihae (32 miles north of Kailua-Kona) to Palani Road in Kailua-Kona. From Palani Road southward it is known as Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension to a point approximately 2.5 miles south of Kailua-Kona, where it merges with County-owned Kuakini Highway and inherits the name Kuakini Highway. It merges with Kuakini Highway roughly 1.2 miles south of the project terminus. South of Palani Street in Kailua-Kona this highway is also known as the Hawaii Belt Road. South of Honalo, where Kuakini Highway ends, the highway is known as Mamalahoa Highway and the Hawaii Belt Road. It is under the jurisdiction of the State of Hawaii. The State is in the process of widening segments of the highway north of Kailua-Kona. Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension, adjacent to the project area, carries more than twice the volume of traffic as Kuakini Highway and has a posted speed limit of 45 MPH. Ali`i Drive Ali`i Drive is a two-lane collector roadway near the coast line that begins at Kuakini Highway in Kailua-Kona and continues south to Keauhou (roughly five miles to the south). Ali`i Drive provides north-south circulation as well as access to many resort businesses and lodging. The speed limit on Ali`i Drive is 30 MPH. Overall Travel Patterns Kailua-Kona town, just north of the project terminus, is the primary commercial area on the west side of the Big Island. The area north of downtown Kailua-Kona has also developed as big-box commercial and light industrial area. Further to the north is the airport and large resort developments. These commercial, industrial, and resort developments are the principal trip- generators in the area. Of the north-south roads in the project area, Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway is the principal route for vehicles to approach Kailua-Kona's commercial area or pass by it on the way to and from points north or south, such as the airport and resorts. Kuakini Highway in the project area appears to be primarily used by nearby residents to get to or from the Kailua-Kona commercial area. However, nearly a third of the vehicles on Kuakini Highway enter/exit from Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension. This indicates it is used as an alternative to Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension to enter Kailua-Kona from the south, when traffic volumes are high. Ali`i Drive is primarily used by local ocean-front residential and resort residents to access Kailua-Kona's commercial area. Of the mauka-makai routes in the project area Hualalai Road is the most heavily traveled. Hualalai Road is used to access businesses in the Kailua-Kona downtown area as well as travel between Ali`i Drive and Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension. The volume of traffic on Walua Road between Kuakini Highway and Ali`i Drive is similar to the volume on Hualalai Road. The bulk of those vehicles are going to or coming from the Kailua-Kona commercial center. It appears residents near the coast use Lunapele Road and Walua Road to access Kuakini Highway. They also use it as an entrance to Kailua-Kona rather than Ali`i Drive, which tends to be more congested at peak hours. March 2013 Page 2-15 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 2.3.1.2 Potential Impacts The proposed project would improve traffic on Kuakini Highway and the immediate area. Other than the proposed project discussed in this document, the County and State have other planned transportation improvements for the area that would improve traffic in the Kailua-Kona area. Other projects already planned or in the planning stages include Ali`i Highway at the southern terminus of the proposed project and extending further south, widening Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension and State-owned Kuakini Highway (route 11), and the extension of Nani Kailua Road from its current terminus at Hualalai Road to Ali`i Drive. The proposed project is designed to work in concert with these other projects, particularly the Ali`i Highway project, to improve traffic conditions in and around Kailua-Kona. This project would provide a number of improvements to traffic conditions on Kuakini Highway. As development in the vicinity continues to occur, demand for transportation is expected to significantly increase. Travel demand on Kuakini Highway for the year 2020 was modeled to evaluate the impacts of the No-Build and Build alternatives. The modeling results are summarized in Table 2-3 and Figure 2-8; the results indicate that there would be a 100 to 200 percent increase in the volume of vehicles on Kuakini Highway between 2005 and 2020. For example, in 2005 there were approximately 280 northbound vehicles per hour on Kuakini Highway between Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension and Onioni Street during the AM peak. In 2020 it is estimated that there would be 888 northbound vehicles per hour on Kuakini Highway between Ali`i Highway and Onioni Street during the same peak hour. The following sections describe the roadway and traffic impacts of the No-Build alternative and Build alternative. For the purposes of this discussion the two build alternatives are identical in their impacts. No-Build Under the No-Build alternative Kuakini Highway would not be widened to four lanes in the project area. However, it is assumed that between now and the year 2020 some intersection improvements, such as additional turn lanes and signalization, would be made to try and respond to demand without widening the entire length of the highway. Even with significant intersection improvements, there would be significant delays at all intersections along Kuakini Highway greater than current conditions. For example, intersection performance would range from LOS C and D at the Hualalai Road intersection with Kuakini Highway to LOS F at the Onioni Street/Walua Road and Ali`i Highway intersections with Kuakini Highway. LOS F indicates demand exceeds capacity, resulting in extreme traffic delays with queuing that may cause severe congestion and impact nearby intersections. The LOS and congestion on Kuakini Highway in 2020 at peak periods would result in vehicles seeking alternative routes into Kailua-Kona, even if they were out of the way. That would result in additional pressure on parallel routes. The related delays and congestion would also slow public transportation buses and lower their level of service. Therefore, the No-Build alternative would not address regional transportation needs. Build The demand for sub-regional and regional transportation mobility expected by 2020 would be met by widening Kuakini Highway to two lanes in each direction, with turn lanes at intersections, and building Ali`i Highway at the southern project terminus. Even with the widening and improvements to Kuakini Highway and Ali`i Highway, there would be long traffic delays for some by 2020. Overall LOS conditions along the widened Kuakini Highway would be C or D. No adverse impacts to the existing bus service are anticipated. The improvement in the roadway March 2013 Page 2-16 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment network resulting from project implementation would improve bus travel times compared to the No Build alternative. Overall, the proposed widening would improve north-south mobility within the Kailua-Kona- Keauhou roadway network by (a) providing better system redundancy to Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension, and (b) facilitating connectivity with the future Ali`i Highway. The widening would also help to accommodate future modifications to the roadway network such as the proposed Nani Kailua Road extension. The widening would put some pressure on cross streets and adjoining streets that would need to be mitigated by intersection modifications. The modified intersections are illustrated in Figure 2-9 (Hualalai Road), Figure 2-10 (Onioni Street/Walua Road), and Figure 2-11 (Ali`i Highway). The widening should not promote the use of Kuakini Highway as a through street to destinations north of the commercial district of Kailua-Kona because the number of signalized intersections and corresponding delays would be greater than delays on Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension, particularly if Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension is widened as planned. The portion of Kuakini Highway between future Ali`i Highway and Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension would remain a two-lane facility. Based on modeling done during this study, traffic on this southern stretch of County-owned Kuakini Highway would remain similar to its condition today with LOS of A to C at intersections with Keakealani Drive and Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension. 2.3.1.3 Mitigation Measures No-Build If the entire length of Kuakini Highway was not widened, it is assumed that significant intersection improvements would be made to try and respond to the increasing transportation demand. Improvements would likely include adding turn lanes and signals at intersections. Build If Kuakini Highway is widened as proposed in the Build alternative, nearby facilities would experience some pressure. Modifications to those facilities would be appropriate to create the best environment for traffic flow. Proposed modifications include: • At the intersection of Kuakini Highway and Hualalai Road, provide two southbound through lanes on Kuakini Highway just north of the project limits. The right lane would also provide for right turn movements. Currently there is a left turn lane, a through lane, and a right turn lane. • Construct future Ali`i Highway to four lanes between Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension and the mauka-makai road connecting Ali`i Highway and Ali`i Drive (Royal Poinciana Drive). This is consistent with the Hawaii Long Range Land Transportation Plan (May 1998) and would improve intersection performance from a LOS F condition to a LOS D condition (Table 2-3). March 2013 Page 2-17 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Table 2-3: Year 2020 Intersection Information # Lanes AM Peak PM Peak No- No-Build Build_J 2020 No-Build Build J 2020 Intersection Build Build LOS I Delay LOS Delay V/Hr LOS Delay LOS Delay V/Hr Hualalai Road/Kuakini Highway (signalized) Overall - C 35.0 C 35.0 D 51.7 C 34.0 Hualalai EB left 1 1 C 34.4 C 34.4 170 D 37.0 D 37.0 180 Hualalai EB through 1 1 C 34.4 C 34.4 49 C 33.0 C 33.0 86 Hualalai EB right C 34.4 C 34.4 44 C 33.0 C 33.0 80 Hualalai WB left 1 1 C 24.4 C 24.4 99 D 38.6 D 38.6 251 Hualalai WB through D 48.2 D 48.2 107 D 39.4 D 39.4 127 Hualalai WB right 1 1 D 48.2 D 48.2 135 D 39.4 D 39.4 135 Kuakini NB left 1 1 D 42.0 D 42.0 81 D 41.0 D 41.0 83 Kuakini NB through 2 2 C 28.8 C 28.8 829 C 30.7 C 30.7 609 Kuakini NB right 1w/t 1w/t C 28.8 C 28.8 153 C 30.7 C 30.7 236 Kuakini SIB left 1 1 D 45.9 D 45.9 115 D 41.0 D 41.0 85 Kuakini SIB through 1 2 D 42.6 C 25.0 619 F 105.9 C 32.7 692 Kuakini SIB right 1 1w/t D 20.7 C 25.0 175 C 24.5 C 32.7 215 Onioni Street/Walua Road/Kuakini Highway (signalized) Overall E 60.8 C 24.8 F 120.6 C 30.8 Walua EB left 1 1 C 33.0 C 33.0 177 C 24.6 C 24.6 153 Walua EB through C 33.0 C 33.0 10 C 24.6 C 24.6 15 Walua EB right 1 1 B 13.4 B 13.4 89 C 23.9 C 23.9 152 Onioni WB left D 45.9 D 45.9 13 D 36.3 D 36.3 20 Onioni WB through 1 1 D 45.9 D 45.9 15 D 36.3 D 36.3 5 Onioni WB right C 25.1 C 25.1 68 D 37.2 D 37.2 56 Kuakini NB left 1 1 D 35.8 D 35.8 110 D 38.4 D 38.4 186 Kuakini NB through 1 2 F 109.0 C 24.4 761 F 161.3 C 28.6 607 Kuakini NB right 1w/t F 109.0 C 24.4 17 F 161.3 C 28.6 30 Kuakini SIB left 1 1 C 33.6 C 33.6 32 C 32.4 C 32.4 18 Kuakini SIB through 1 2 C 30.5 C 21.6 522 F 194.5 C 33.0 681 Kuakini SIB right 1 1w/t C 20.1 C 20.1 140 C 30.7 C 30.7 241 Ali`i Highway/Kuakini Highway (signalized) Overall F 176.1 D 40.2 F 119.7 D 49.6 Ali`i EB left 1 2 F 282.1 D 46.7 389 F 265.1 D 48.4 305 Ali`i EB through 1 2 F 436.1 E 67.0 635 F 408.0 E 59.0 645 Ali`i EB right 1 1 B 19.9 B 19.9 89 B 19.9 B 19.9 208 Ali`i WB left 1 1 D 38.0 D 38.0 87 E 57.9 E 57.9 166 Ali`i WB through 1 2 F 169.4 D 38.9 425 F 438.1 E 66.7 670 Ali`i WB right 1 1 B 18.8 B 18.8 15 B 17.0 B 17.0 15 Kuakini NB left 1 1 D 40.9 D 40.9 105 E 55.9 E 55.9 210 Kuakini NB through 1 2 E 58.7 C 29.1 484 E 67.4 C 29.4 503 Kuakini NB right 1 1 B 12.8 B 12.8 83 B 15.2 B 15.2 151 Kuakini SIB left 1 1 D 37.4 D 37.4 15 D 35.7 D 35.7 15 Kuakini SIB through 1 1 C 32.6 C 32.5 326 E 74.0 E 74.0 516 Kuakini SIB right 1 1 B 14.9 B 14.9 258 B 17.8 B 17.8 322 Source: PB, 2006 Notes: LOS= Level of service; Delay in vehicles per hour;V/Hr=vehicles per hour at peak. SB =south-bound; NB= north-bound; EB=east-bound;WB=west-bound. Shading =areas of improvement between No-Build and Build. Italic= indicates No-Build assumes TSM intersection channelization improvements to increase the number of turning and through lanes over existing conditions(requires limited widening at intersections). March 2013 Page 2-18 ? ¥ 0-7 \$ LL EE W ® | z ro / 5 �# $ E % � / � � & d \ E d w3 § g O 52 D S)% CMOM St ƒ | 12 E5a (2 )13 ) f ( $e _ ) )m � f cN co ?$m k�;e ) 0(86) HulaaU R. 22(Im) (251) 99 f ( p 27 1/ _ U©»© r=© =z2 ¢ c-� � a a � � w N � X a a v a o N a �1 4 U C O N O ca � y x Y (U 7 Y U � .O C) 40 �y •3 U N a C � d aZ Qu 0. cn Onioni Street Walua Road q O h a v� o o, c Y Ld Q Y o N C �N 4) .3 Onioni Street Walua Road = o U _ � N •� � � V N 4 C � J ROME C1 � Fe—OW � Q Q � Alii Highway ua m d N Q � N ca L 6 Y 3 Y 1 Alil Highway a 0 � U u� Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment • At the intersection of Kuakini Highway and Ali`i Highway: - Provide two northbound through lanes, a right turn lane, and a left turn lane on Kuakini Highway just south of the project limits; - Provide two left turn lanes from Ali`i Highway east (mauka)-bound to Kuakini Highway northbound and a right turn lane from Ali`i Highway east (mauka)- bound to Kuakini Highway southbound; and - Provide right and left turn lanes from Ali`i Highway west (makai)-bound to Kuakini Highway. Mitigation for construction impacts is addressed in Section 2.14. 2.3.2 Cycling and Pedestrian Facilities 2.3.2.1 Existing Conditions In the northern portion of the project limits, the ROW of Kuakini Highway includes curbs and sidewalks. The remaining sections of Kuakini Highway within the project limits currently do not have pedestrian facilities. There are no bicycle facilities on Kuakini Highway within the project limits. As noted by the Hawaii Cycling Club in a letter dated November 10, 2005, Kuakini Highway is used by local and visiting cyclists in addition to being a "major artery" for students at the University of Nations accessing downtown Kailua-Kona. Bike Plan Hawaii, A State of Hawaii Master Plan (September 2003) (hereafter referred to as "State bike plan") prepared by HDOT provides recommendations for improving bikeway systems statewide. This plan serves as guidance to HDOT and county agencies when new roadway construction or improvements to existing roadways are considered. The State bike plan recommends the construction of bike lanes/bike paths on Kuakini Highway within the project limits. It also recommends that Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway and Ali`i Drive be signed as shared roadways (bike routes). 2.3.2.2 Potential Impacts Under the No-Build Alternative, no additional pedestrian or cycling facilities would be provided on Kuakini Highway. Under the Build Alternative, sidewalks and bike lanes would be provided on both sides of the roadway. Thus, the Build Alternative would fulfill the recommendations contained in the State bike plan regarding Kuakini Highway within the project limits. 2.3.3 On-Street Parking 2.3.3.1 Existing Conditions The nearest public parking lot is located off Palani Road, about 0.4-mile north of Hualalai Road. On-street parking currently occurs in clusters along Kuakini Highway, predominantly in front of residential buildings, but also in association with commercial properties. The majority of such parking is not lawful. Vehicles parked diagonally or perpendicular to the direction of travel are not lawfully parked. In addition, some areas lack sufficient paved area beyond of the edge of the traveled lane for parking in an appropriate and safe manner. Vehicles parked beyond the paved area track gravel onto the road creating maintenance problems and safety hazards. March 2013 Page 2-23 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Some park across the street from the generator business or residence, which creates demand for pedestrian crossing where there is no crosswalk available. Most notable areas of on-street parking are as follows, from north to south: • Near Hualalai road intersection on mauka side of road; this area provides up to 5 lawful parking spaces. • In front of Kailua Village Condominium (makai side). Typically vehicles park perpendicular to the direction of movement, which is not lawful; furthermore, there is insufficient paved area for lawful parallel parking. • In front of Kona Islander Inn condominium (makai side). Typically vehicles park perpendicular to the direction of movement, which is not lawful; furthermore, there is insufficient paved area for lawful parallel parking. • In front of Hawaii Federal Credit Union (mauka side). Typically vehicles park perpendicular to the direction of movement, which is not lawful. This area provides up to 3 lawful parallel parking spaces. • South of the Mazda and Subaru car dealership on the mauka side, primarily during the daytime. Up to 3 vehicles park in this area although the pavement width is insufficient. • In front of the Ali`i Sunset Plaza on the makai side, there is sufficient paved area in most of this area to allow for 6 lawful parking spaces. • In front of Kona Pacific condominium on the makai side. Typically vehicles park perpendicular to the direction of movement, which is not lawful; furthermore, there is insufficient paved area to accommodate the observed use. • Across from Kona Mansion condominium, fronting the vacant lots on the mauka side of the road. Parking both perpendicular and parallel to the direction of movement is observed, there is sufficient paved area to allow parallel parking in this area. Although the pavement is rough, this area provides up to 10 parking spaces to accommodate the observed use. See Figure 2-12, Figure 2-13, and Figure 2-14 for a depiction of parking areas. 2.3.3.2 Potential Impacts Under the No-Build Alternative, on-street parking conditions would not change. Under the Build Alternative (regardless of Design Alternative), all existing street parking would be eliminated. Existing on-street parking along Kuakini Highway is considered displaced by the proposed project only where (a) not designated "no parking", (b) there is an observed demand, and (c) there is sufficient pavement beyond the white line marking the edge of the travelway to accommodate parallel parking. Therefore, up to 24 lawful on-street parking spaces are expected to be displaced by either Build alternative. March 2013 Page 2-24 Ll :n o 00 .. ^ccl 1.. 11 ar CD ar N1% 1 71 t Cd 02 s4 x ONO ko ............. 6v, tA I � t , � N I � cs I 4i CS 00 � `1 ��•. rs k^00 l �+ on y I MAX b � b I w � O F un C947 a b `' 14 ozp r1 a 1 I o V A vj \ dl w \ \ .a VWdt \\ \ o e o \ \\ o w b4 \ © 4 �. tA a N ti o ` tn � + \ h �r 3 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 2.3.3.3 Mitigation Measures No mitigation of on-street parking loss is proposed under this project. The existing right-of-way width cannot support both on-street parking and the proposed street improvements. Acquiring additional right-of-way to accommodate on-street parking abutting and near properties with current demand would be expensive and may result in the loss of a greater number of off-street parking spaces. 2.3.4 Utilities and Infrastructure 2.3.4.1 Existing Conditions Kuakini Highway's ROW is used for aerial electrical, telephone, and cable television (cable) lines on both sides of the roadway. Electrical lines including high voltage 69 kV and 12 kV lines mounted on the mauka side of the highway. Several primary and secondary overhead crossings provide electric service to customers on the makai side. Hawaiian Telcom and Time Warner Oceanic Cable lines are mounted on wood poles on the makai side of Kuakini Highway, with several overhead crossings to provide service to the mauka side of the roadway. Roadway street lamps are currently provided only on the northern section of the project limits near the town core and at intersections on both sides of the roadway. In Phase 1 of the Kuakini Highway Improvements between Palani and Hualalai Roads, the County replaced overhead utilities on both sides of the highway with an overhead line on the mauka side of the highway supported on 80-foot tall steel poles. Underground crossings were provided to the makai side. New streetlight poles and luminaries were installed on the makai side of the highway, and new streetlight luminaries mounted on bracket arms were installed on the new steel poles on the mauka side. Water, sewer, and gas lines are also buried within the ROW. In 2006 the County of Hawaii Department of Water Supply installed a 16-inch water line on the mauka side of the ROW from Hualalai Road to Nakukui Drive, a distance of about 10,000 linear feet. A private developer (Kona Hawaiian Village Time Share project) has also installed about 1,000 feet of line near where Ali`i Highway would connect with Kuakini Highway. Eight-inch and 20-inch waterlines are also present. A 12 inch waterline was also installed from Kuakini Highway through parcel 94 to Walua Road. 2.3.4.2 Potential Impacts Under the No-Build Alternative, there would be no impact on utilities. Under the Build Alternative, all overhead utilities — electric, telephone, and cable - would be relocated and placed on the type of 80-foot tall steel poles placed along the mauka side of the highway used in Phase 1. Existing street lamps would be relocated. Streetlights would be placed on both sides of the highway. The proposed action has been designed to minimize impacts on water, sewer, and gas utilities. The only impacts are expected to be construction period impacts, which are addressed in Section 2.14. During the design phase, options for adjusting utility pole heights would be considered. Visual impacts of utility poles are addressed in Section 2.8. The option to underground utilities completely was considered but rejected due to cost (see Section 1.5). March 2013 Page 2-28 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 2.3.4.3 Mitigation Measures All improvements to utilities would be coordinated with the appropriate utility company and addressed during project design and construction. Specific design details may be similar to those implemented in the Phase 1 widening of Kuakini Highway, and the specific configuration will be determined during final design. The maximum pole height and base diameter is roughly 80 and 3, respectively. Mitigation for construction impacts is addressed in Section 2.14. 2.4 WATER RESOURCES 2.4.1 Existing Conditions North Kona is characterized by underdeveloped, shallow, and poorly defined drainageways due to the steep topography, porous geology, and relatively recent volcanic activity. In times of intense rainfall or storms, extensive overland sheet flow often occurs. In addition, drainage systems are often unable to contain storm waters during intense rain storms. Two major drainageways, Keopu and Waiaha Streams, cross Kuakini Highway within or near the project limits (see Figure 2-15). They are described below: • Keopu Stream, and tributary Hienaloli drainageway, cross Kuakini Highway just south of Hualalai Road, within the project area. The stream is shown as an intermittent stream on the U.S. Geographic Survey (USGS) topographic map. The Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) shows the Keopu Stream 100-year flood zone is approximately 750 feet wide where it crosses Kuakini Highway. There are dual 36- inch drain pipes near Hualalai Road and a 6-foot by 12-foot box culvert for Keopu Stream near the project's northern terminus. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is currently conducting studies for the Keopu-Hienaloli Streams flood control project, and anticipates controlling the flow upstream so that the box culvert at Kuakini Highway would not need to be resized. • Waiaha Stream crosses Kuakini Highway at three locations: the main channel, Splitflow #2 south of the main channel (originates mauka of Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Extension), and Splitflow #3 north of the main channel (originates at Kuakini Highway). Only Splitflow #3 is within the project area. The stream is shown as an intermittent stream on the U.S. Geographic Survey (USGS) topographic map. A splitflow occurs during high water when the stream jumps its main channel and flows into alternate channels that split from the main channel; splitflows are more common in relatively uneroded terrain such as the project area. Waiaha Stream Splitflow #3 starts where the main channel crosses Kuakini Highway; there are culverts allowing the stream to flow beneath the highway at the main channel, but they are undersized for a 100-year storm. Splitflow #3 flows north along the mauka side of the highway until reaching a point approximately 1,000 feet north of the main Waiaha Stream channel. At that point it crosses the highway in a 100-year floodplain over 100 feet wide. There is a 42-inch culvert for the Splitflow #3 crossing located approximately 160 feet north of southern extent of project. After crossing the highway, Splitflow #3 rejoins the main channel prior to flowing into the Pacific Ocean. DPW plans to address drainage issues related to Waiaha Stream under the Ali`i Highway project under development. Because Ali`i Highway is planned to be constructed before the southern segment (phase 2B) of the Kuakini Highway March 2013 Page 2-29 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Improvements, it is anticipated that new culverts associated with the main flow of Waiaha Stream south of the project area would be appropriately sized and eliminate Splitflow#3. Kuakini Highway within the project area currently has a limited stormwater collection system near the northern/town-center end, consisting of gutters draining into the two 36-inch drain pipes associated with Keopu Stream. South of this more developed area, Kuakini Highway has no stormwater collection facilities. However, a number of smaller drainage culverts cross the existing highway, including a 24-inch culvert north of the Walua Road intersection that handles drainage from mauka areas, and directs flow into drywells on private property between Kuakini Highway and Walua Road. The portion of Kuakini Highway widened as part of Phase I, between Palani Road and Hualalai Road north of the project area, includes drywells to manage stormwater. The project area does not contain wetlands. Both streams crossing the project alignment have been altered. The culverts at these stream crossings are steep enough such that standing water does not accumulate, the substrate in these culverts contain little to no organic material, and no facultative or obligate hydrophyte plant species were observed. Given the geology of the project area, no interaction with groundwater is anticipated during construction because the deepest excavation is likely to be approximately 10 feet below ground surface to install new utility poles and light standards (Geolabs, 2006). Coordination with the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers (USACE) is being conducted in accordance with Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. See Section 3.1 and Appendix A for records of coordination. The USACE has not yet determined whether Waters of the U.S. exist within the project limits. March 2013 Page 2-30 w� a M 0 0, aD O N O V,eala Dr. C ti ,y,�q' r a do Lb ab pi410 M /hdL'u177 o f ' � + CV LOZ ro � .c m a' m x CD- O `� o cv �elnna6euierQ� -_ U Z3 O p O l) cc a J WL'OJ;S ncdoa� - o Maly i p ��ani t. 4 � LL 0 o Mo�l�{1n p��Ma��ulp' " sr. � Q ndoa31 o u ro x c5 Q E� O O a T Ld L ti C ��. c", C 0 0 �a�r X. �ca El�� o U') a S�] J J a) ;35 nE5 U U L 0 0 �a` ) Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Groundwater within the project area is characterized as a thin, buoyant, unconfined lens of brackish water floating on saltwater, due to proximity to the coastline. The basal lens is dynamic, and can be affected by drought, ocean tides, and groundwater withdrawal from wells. 2.4.2 Potential Impacts As a result of road widening, more pavement and, therefore, more roadway runoff is anticipated. However, given the amount of developed properties in this area of Kailua-Kona, the impacts of the additional impervious surfaces created by the project would be negligible. Moreover, the proposed action includes construction of a roadway stormwater collection system. As part of the proposed action, drywells would be placed underneath the roadway to handle roadway runoff, as shown in Figure 1-3 (typical section). Runoff would not be discharged to streams, but would flow to the side of the roadway in gutters and be directed to the drywells. Before the Final EA is completed, DPW would confirm with the USACE if a Department of Army permit, such as a Section 404 permit, applies to this project. As described in Section 1.4.2, one culvert would be relocated. To the extent possible, off-site drainage would also be accommodated. Larger regional off-site drainage issues are being covered by studies conducted in the context of other projects: the Army Corps of Engineers is studying Keopu Stream drainage, and DPW plans to address the Waiaha Stream crossing within the context of the on-going Ali`i Highway project. Floodplain mapping may be revised by these other projects, and a Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR) may be obtained by one or both of these projects. The proposed Kuakini Highway project would be designed to be consistent with the findings or changes determined by these other projects. In particular, the northern portion of the Ali`i Highway project would address drainage issues with Waiaha Stream. However, if Phase 2B of the project is implemented prior to the construction of the northern portion of Ali`i Highway, then the project would extend the existing 42-inch culvert that conveys the Waiaha Stream Splitflow #3 across the highway to maintain the existing flow pattern. As discussed in Section 2.2, development pressures in Kailua-Kona are changing the landscape. Although the area around Keopu Stream is already developed, the Waiaha Stream area is largely undeveloped. A private resort timeshare development project is planned in the immediate vicinity of the Waiaha Stream crossing and the future Ali`i Highway intersection. These private developers would address the stream and floodplain impacts, including re-visiting the floodplain mapping of this area and submitting a CLOMR. Therefore, it is anticipated that third parties would address the Waiaha Stream floodplain issues in advance of and separate from the Kuakini Highway widening project. 2.4.3 Mitigation Measures Coordination with USACE would continue to determine the need for a Department of Army permit, such as a Section 404 permit. Construction impacts and mitigation are discussed in Section 2.14. March 2013 Page 2-32 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 2.5 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 2.5.1 Existing Conditions "Endangered" species are those that are in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant part of their ranges. A "threatened" species is likely to become an endangered species in the foreseeable future. "Candidate" species are those for which the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has evidence of vulnerability, but there are not enough data to support formal proposal as an endangered or threatened species. These species are often collectively referred to as "protected" species. The following discussion highlights those biological resources that fall into these categories, as well as selected native/indigenous resources and introduced resources. A botanical survey for this project was performed in 2005 (see Appendix F) and reported that no protected species were observed within a 200-foot wide corridor centered around the existing highway's centerline (100 feet on either side). The study area is urbanized with a few undeveloped parcels remaining. Portions of the area are landscaped and others, primarily the undeveloped parcels, are overgrown and unmaintained. The following observations were made: • Indigenous plants such as Uhaloa (Waltheria indica), Koali'awa (Ipomoea indica), and Sida rhombifolia observed in the project area are common along roadsides and trails on the west side of the island of Hawaii. Two native ferns, Sword fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) and Cretan Brake (Pteris cretica), were also observed on or next to the roadway shoulder. • Large trees along the project corridor are limited. Most trees along the roadway are in unmaintained, undeveloped parcels, and consist of such common, introduced, scrubby trees as haole koa (Leucaena leucocephala), Kiawe (Prosopis pallida), and the Autograph tree (Clusia rosea). Trees in the landscaped areas primarily included palm trees such as the Pygmy Date Palm (Phoenix roebelenii) and the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) and Royal Poincianca (Delonix regia) trees. • Other common species observed in both the landscaped and unmaintained areas included bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spp.) and plumeria (Plumeria spp.). The faunal community in the project area is typical of urban areas in Hawaii. Terrestrial mammals typically found in the project area are all introduced, such as mice, mongoose, rats, feral cats, and dogs. Because the area has been extensively modified from its original state, it has little value as native bird habitat. A field study conducted for the Lako Street extension project, which is located about one mile south of the project limits noted the common mynah, sparrows, cardinals, finches, egrets, and doves - all introduced species common in Hawaii. The study noted that native birds, such as the Hawaiian Hawk (lo), Hawaiian Owl (Pueo), the Pacific Golden Plover (Kolea), and the Ruddy Turnstone (Akeake) may occasionally fly over the region. Consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) was initiated per requirements of the federal Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543). The State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife (DOFAW) was also contacted for information on the possible presence of threatened and endangered species. Correspondence with USFWS and DOFAW is summarized in Section 3.2.2, and copies of correspondence are located in Appendix A. March 2013 Page 2-33 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment In a letter dated November 4, 2005, the USFWS stated that there is no designated critical habitat for protected species in the area. Records show the Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) and the native palm tree (Loulu palm, Pritchardia affinis) within 1/3-mile of the project area. The 2005 botanical report found no Loulu palms in the study area. Although previous documentation by other projects in the area indicated that two species of migrating seabirds may fly through the project area, the USFWS wrote that they have no records of the endangered Hawaiian dark-rumped petrel (Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis) and the threatened Newell's shearwater (Puffinus newelli) occurring within 1/3-mile of the proposed Kuakini Highway project area. These birds reportedly fly between ocean feeding grounds and inland nesting areas. At night, shearwater fledglings are attracted to bright lights and headlights of cars. They become momentarily blinded by the lights and are unable to see utility wires, or sometimes become confused, landing on the roadway or brightly lit areas. In a letter dated November 3, 2005, DOFAW reported that it is doubtful the project would encounter endangered species. 2.5.2 Potential Impacts There would be no impacts with the No-Build Alternative, above and beyond those by other development projects already planned in this roadway corridor. Based on input from the USFWS and DOFAW, the results of the botanical survey, and additional research, no adverse interactions with protected species are anticipated. Because plants in the study area are common and are associated with disturbed areas, removal of roadside vegetation under the Build Alternative would have minimal biological impacts. Moreover some of this vegetation is likely to be removed first by other development projects in this corridor. Some existing landscaping would be lost as a result of proposed ROW acquisition under Design Alternative 2; only landscaping within the ROW would be affected under Design Alternative 1. (For details of ROW acquisition, see Section 2.2.3.) Lost landscaping under the more extensive build scenario (Design Alternative 2) consists predominantly of palms, plumeria, shrubbery, and scrub trees. Section 2.8 discusses landscaping impacts and mitigation. No adverse impacts to faunal resources are expected. Faunal species conditions and abundance are unlikely to change because ample similar habitat would exist, regardless of whether the proposed action is implemented. 2.5.3 Mitigation Measures Road lighting would be properly designed to minimize impacts on shearwaters and other protected species that potential fly over the region. Streetlight luminaries or lamps, where provided, would be designed to reduce glare and shield light from migrating birds. When possible, the DPW would use "The Newell's Shearwater Light Attraction Problem, A Guide for Architects, Planners, and Resort Managers" in designing the luminaries. During the construction phase, if work is to be conducted during the shearwater nesting season of mid-April through November, construction would be limited to daylight hours as much as possible. Night work, if necessary, would be accomplished without the use of bright lights. A landscaping plan would be prepared during the project design phase (see also Section 2.8). Due to the minimal amount of large vegetation along this roadway, it is anticipated that the landscaping plan would result in placing plants and shrubs in the proposed sidewalk planter March 2013 Page 2-34 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment strips which will be a significant enhancement to the current condition. Existing trees may be moved and replanted if deemed appropriate, but most scrub-dominated vegetation would not be replaced. 2.6 AIR QUALITY The following sections summarize local meteorology and study methods and findings. 2.6.1 Local Meteorology In addition to its tropical latitude, the climate of the Hawaiian Islands is affected by a system of persistent winds that blows from northeast to southwest, known as trade winds. These winds are almost constant during the spring and summer months. The interaction between the trade winds and the mountainous topography of the islands produces differences in meteorological conditions from one region to another within the same island. Because Kona is located on the leeward side of the Big Island, its climate has characteristics similar to other leeward regions throughout the State. In addition, its relatively large land mass and proximity to the ocean produce a land-sea breeze effect, which is created where land and water create variations in pressure due to differences in the way these two bodies heat and cool. The leeward location of the project site means that average annual rainfall is limited, typically 20 inches or less annually. Temperatures average in the mid-70s. 2.6.2 Clean Air Act Requirements As required by the 1977 Clean Air Act (CAA), National Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS) were established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for seven major air pollutants: carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (03), particulate matter smaller than 10 microns (PM1o), particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), sulfur oxides (SOx), and lead. Current standards for ozone and PM2.5 were established in September 1997. The State of Hawaii has also established its own standards for these pollutants. Both the National and State AAQS are listed in Table 2-4. CAA Section 107 requires the USEPA to publish a list of geographic areas that are not in compliance with the National AAQS, and these areas are called non-attainment areas. Areas that have insufficient data to make a determination are unclassified, and are treated as attainment areas until proven otherwise. The designation of an area is made on a pollutant-by- pollutant basis. March 2013 Page 2-35 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Table 2-4: National and State Ambient Air Quality Standards Standards Federal Primary" Federal Secondary Pollutant Hawaii State (Health) (Welfare) Carbon Monoxide (CO) 1 Hour 9 ppm 35 ppm ---- 8 Hour 4.4 ppm 9 ppm ---- Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 1 Hour ---- 0.1 ppm ---- Annual Mean ---- 0.053 ppm 0.053 ppm Annual Average 70 ug/m (0.04 ppm) ---- ---- PM100 24 Hour 150 ug/m 150 ug/m 150 ug/m Annual (Arithmetic) 50 ug/m ---- ---- PM2.5 24 Hour ---- 35 ug/m6 35 ug/m Annual (Arithmetic)4---- 15 ug/m 15 ug/m Ozone (03) 8 Hour Rolling Average 157 ug/m (0.08 ppm) 0.075 ppm 0.075 ppm Sulfur Dioxide (S02) 1 Hour ---- 0.075 ppm ---- 3 Hour 0.5 ppm ---- 1,300 ug/m (0.5 ppm) 24 Hour Block Average 0.14 ppm 0.14 ppm ---- Annual Average 80 ug/m (0.03 ppm) 80 ug/m (0.03 ppm) ---- Lead (Pb) 3 Months (Arithmetic) 1.5 ug/m6 0.15 ug/m6 0.15 ug/m Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) 1 Hour 0.025 ppm ---- ---- Source: State of Hawai'i, Department of Health, Clean Air Branch—Hawai'i Administrative Rules, Chapter 59. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 50, January 2007 and EPA. http://epa.gov/air/criteria.htmI Note: a Designated to prevent against adverse effects on public health b Designated to prevent against adverse effects on public welfare, including effects on comfort, visibility, vegetation, animals, aesthetic values, and soiling and deterioration of materials. Particulate matter 10 microns or less in diameter d Particulate matter 2.5 microns or less in diameter. (1) Not to be exceeded more than once per year. (2) Due to a lack of evidence linking health problems to long-term exposure to coarse particle pollution, the agency revoked the annual PM10 standard in 2006(effective December 17, 2006). (3) Not to be exceeded more than once per year on average over 3 years. c4) To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the weighted annual mean PM2.5 concentrations from single or multiple community-oriented monitors must not exceed 15.0 pg/m3. 5) To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of 24-hour concentrations at each population-oriented monitor within an area must not exceed 35 pg/m3(effective December 17, 2006). 2.6.3 Existing Conditions The State of Hawaii is designated as an attainment area for CO, ozone (03), PM10, and PM2.5. There are occasional National AAQS exceedences in the project area for Sulfur Dioxide and PM2.5; such exceedences are more common in Pahala and Ocean View. These exceedences are primarily attributed to volcanic activity (known as vog), and occasionally brush fires. 2.6.4 Potential Impacts The pollutants relevant to evaluating the air quality impacts of a roadway project are those contained in motor vehicle emissions. Vehicles emit carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic March 2013 Page 2-36 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment compounds (VOCs), the six priority mobile source air toxics (MSAT), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and lead (lead levels have decreased substantially and will continue to do so due to the mandated elimination of lead in gasoline). Those pollutants can react in the atmosphere to generate PM10 and PM2.5 on a regional basis. CO air pollution is generally considered to be a microscale problem that can be addressed locally to some extent. The other pollutants degrade air quality at a regional scale. Regional air quality impacts related to VOC, the six priority MSAT, NOx, PM1o, and PM2.5 are primarily dependent on changes in vehicle miles traveled (VMT), vehicle hours traveled (VHT), and vehicle mix (gasoline-fueled cars vs. diesel-fueled trucks and buses). None of these factors are predicted to change due to building the project. Therefore, the build alternative would have similar impacts as the no-build. Vehicle speed is the primary factor governing potential microscale CO impacts. An analysis of the expected travel patterns within the project indicate that the level of service (LOS) would not fall below level D at any of the intersections within the project. Therefore, the project does not meet the State or Federal guidelines requiring a detailed microscale analysis. Given this, the project is not predicted to cause or exacerbate a violation of the State or National AAQS. 2.6.5 Mitigation Measures Implementing air quality mitigation measures for long-term traffic-related impacts are unnecessary and unwarranted because no significant variation of VMT, VHT, and vehicle mix is expected between the No Build and Build Alternatives. In addition, CO concentrations are expected to remain well within the National and State AAQS because a LOS of D or better would be maintained under the Build Alternative. 2.7 NOISE A Traffic Noise Impact Study was performed for this project and is presented in Appendix G. The following sections summarize study methods and findings. 2.7.1 Characteristics and Measurement of Sound Several characteristics of sound affect the impact it has. These include the sound level (loudness), frequencies involved, period of exposure to the noise, and changes or fluctuations in the noise levels during exposure. Loudness is measured in decibels. Since the human ear does not perceive all pitches or frequencies equally, noise levels are adjusted, or weighted, to correspond to human hearing. This adjusted unit is known as the A-weighted decibel, or dBA. Since dBA describes a noise level at just one moment, and very few noises are constant, ways of describing noise over extended periods are needed. One way is to describe fluctuating noise observed over a period as if it were a steady, unchanging sound. This type of an average is called the equivalent sound level, Leq. Leq is the constant sound level that, for a given situation and time period (e.g., 1-hour, Leq(1); hourly, Leq(h); or 24 hours, Leq(24)), conveys the same sound energy as the actual time varying sound. 2.7.2 Noise Abatement Criteria The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has developed Noise Abatement Criteria (NAC), which were adopted by the State of Hawaii (see Table 2-5). According to the SDOT's Noise March 2013 Page 2-37 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Analysis and Abatement Policy (Noise Policy), a noise impact would occur when predicted traffic noise levels approach or exceed the NAC, or when predicted traffic noise levels substantially exceed the existing noise levels. Table 2-5: FHWA Noise Abatement Criteria Activity NAC Leq(h) for Category Noisiest Traffic Hour Description of Activity Category Lands on which serenity and quiet are of extraordinary A 57 (Exterior) significance and serve an important public need and where the preservation of those qualities is essential if the area is to continue to serve its intended purpose. Picnic areas, recreation areas, playgrounds, active sports B 67 (Exterior) areas, parks, residences, motels, hotels, schools, churches, libraries, and hospitals. C 72 (Exterior) Developed lands, properties, or activities not included in Categories A or B. D ---- Undeveloped lands E 52 (Interior) Residences, motels, hotels, public meeting rooms, schools, churches, libraries, hospitals, and auditoriums. Notes: Interior noise level standards apply to: 1. Indoor activities for those parcels where no exterior noise sensitive land use or activities have been identified; and 2. Situations where the exterior activities are either remote from the highway or shielded so that while the exterior activities remain undisturbed, noise nevertheless affects interior activities. Source: Federal Aid Highway Program Manual (FHPM), 23 CFR Part 772"Procedures for Abatement of Highway Traffic Noise," 1982. In terms of the one-hour Leq(h) noise descriptor, a noise impact could potentially require mitigation if either of the following conditions is predicted to occur: • Future year traffic noise approaches or exceeds the FHWA NAC; or • Future year traffic noise substantially exceeds (15 dBA or more) the existing ambient noise level. 2.7.3 Existing Conditions Existing and future noise sensitive land uses and activities adjacent to the proposed corridor and nearby major roadways were identified from site inspections and existing mapping. These land use activities include residences, recreation and park areas, and institutions such as schools and churches. All of these activities are considered Category B, which has an exterior NAC of Leq(h) 67 dBA and are considered Category B. In November 2005, noise level measurements were conducted for a 15 to 30-minute period at 5 sites (Sites 1 through 5). Long term (24 hour) noise measurements were conducted at 2 sites to determine the noisiest traffic hours within the project area (Sites A and B). The measurement sites are illustrated on Figure 2-16. Using those results, the noise level at additional sites was modeled to supplement the measurement sites and evaluate noise levels at locations closer to residential receptors. The results of the noise monitoring and modeling of current conditions are summarized in Table 2-6. March 2013 Page 2-38 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Table 2-6: Existing Worst Hour Traffic Noise Levels Modeled Date and Length Measured Worst- Type of Time of of Number of Hourly Hour Develop- Measure- Measure- Receivers Leq(h), Leq(h), Site Location ment ment ment Represented NAC* dBA dBA 1 Kona Hotel 11-17-05 15 min 10 B 57.9 57.5 Islander Inn 1:30 p.m. Royal 11-17-05 2 Kailuan Residential 2:10 p.m. 15 min 44 B 66.7 64.7 Condominium Royal 2A Kailuan Residential Modeled 44 B n/a 61.4 Condominium 3 Bill Fisher Residential 8-9-05 15 min 12 B 66.4 66.4 Condominium 11:30 a.m. 3A Bill Fisher Residential Modeled 12 B n/a 56.2 Condominium 4 5921 Walua Residential 8-9-05 15 min 2 B 52.9 52.9 Road 12:30 p.m. 5 5885 Walua Residential 11-17-05 15 min 2 B 62.7 63.9 Road 12:20 p.m. 5A 5885 Walua Residential Modeled 2 B n\a 53.5 Road 5B 5885 Walua Residential Modeled 2 B n\a 58.0 Road Residence A north of Residential 8-9-05 24 hrs 2 B n\a 60.2 Onioni Street Kama'aina B Hale Outdoor 8-9-05 24 hrs 8 B n\a 65.5 Condominium B Kama'aina M-1 Hale Outdoor Modeled 8 B n\a 64.3 Condominium B Kama'aina M 2 Hale Outdoor Modeled 8 B n\a 65.5 Condominium Note: See Table 2-5 for descriptions of Noise Abatement Categories (NAC). Bold =level approaches or exceeds the NAC. A"Receiver" is an area of frequent human outdoor activity, homes, apartments, motel, hotels, etc. Modeled worst hour Leq(h)values are within 2 dBA of measured values indicating the model is correctly calibrated. March 2013 Page 2-39 I R I a; Z �. I r V c ♦*,, or le � �i .■ a m mCD I � a 1 --1 p�e1ndeun7 fi — a � � I a t 41 41 co N.� Or CAW E2 O N�\ � LIU-bu0111410/� 1 r 1 4 L6 N t di 'r� c Kalanr St. `���„ Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 2.7.4 Potential Impacts The FHWA Traffic Noise Model (TNM) was used to model the noise levels in 2020 at 10 sites. The traffic forecast presented in Section 2.3.1.2 was used to establish the volume and speed of traffic in year 2020. The vehicle fleet mix (auto, medium truck, and heavy truck percentages) was assumed to be the same as current conditions: 99 percent automobile and 1 percent medium trucks. Under the No-Build Alternative, predicted 2020 traffic noise levels at the receiver sites are expected to be in the range of no change to a 3 dBA increase over the existing peak hour noise levels. The NAC of Leq(h) 67 dBA is predicted to be approached or exceeded at two receivers at the Kama'aina Hale Condominium: Sites B and B-M-2 (Table 2-7). Table 2-7: No-Build Alternative Worst Hour Traffic Noise Levels in 2020 Modeled Leq(h), Modeled No-Build dBA Existing 2020 Increase Noise Impact Worst-Hour Worst-Hour (+) or Abatement Type* (S, Leq(h), Leq(h), Decrease (- Category A/E, or Site Location dBA dBA ) (Criterion) None) 1 Kona Islander Inn 57.5 60 +2 B None Royal Kailuan 2A Condominium 61.4 64 +3 B None (Modeling Site) Bill Fisher 3A Condominium 56.2 59 +3 B None (Modeling Site) 4 5921 Walua Road 52.9 56 +3 B None 5A 5885 Walua Road 53.5 56 +2 B None (Modeling Site) 5B 5885 Walua Road 58.0 61 +3 B None (Modeling Site) A Residence north of 60.2 63 +3 B None Onioni Street B Kama'aina Hale 65.5 68 +2 B A/E Condominium B M 1 Kama'aina Hale 62.3 64 +2 B None Condominium B M 2 Kama'aina Hale 63.5 66 +2 B A/E Condominium Note: Bold =level approaches or exceeds the NAC. Impact Type: S= Substantial Increase (15 dBA or more),A/E =Approach or Exceed NAC Predicted 2020 traffic noise levels for the Build Alternative are expected not to increase over the No-Build noise levels. The NAC of Leq(h) 67 dBA is predicted to be approached or exceeded at three receivers: Site B, Site B-M-1, and B-M-2 (Table 2-8), all of which are located at the Kama'aina Hale Condominiums. March 2013 Page 2-41 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Table 2-8: Build Alternative Worst Hour Traffic Noise Levels in 2020 Modeled Modeled Leq(h), 2020 No- 2020 Build dBA Build Alternative Increase Noise Impact Worst-Hour Worst-Hour (+) or Abatement Type* (S, Leq(h), Leq(h), Decrease (- Category A/E, or Site Location dBA dBA ) (Criterion) None) 1 Kona Islander Inn 60 61 +1 B None Royal Kailuan 2A Condominium 64 65 +1 B None (Modeling Site) Bill Fisher 3A Condominium 59 60 +1 B A/E (Modeling Site) 4 5921 Walua Road 56 57 +1 B None 5A 5885 Walua Road 56 57 +1 B None (Modeling Site) 5B 5885 Walua Road 61 63 +2 B None (Modeling Site) A Residence north of 63 64 +1 B None Onioni Street B Kama'aina Hale 68 68 0 B A/E Condominium B M 1 Kama'aina Hale 64 66 +2 B A/E Condominium B M 2 Kama'aina Hale 66 67 +1 B A/E Condominium Note: Bold =level approaches or exceeds the NAC. Impact Type: S= Substantial Increase (15 dBA or more),A/E =Approach or Exceed NAC 2.7.5 Mitigation Measures No mitigation measures would be employed under the No-Build Alternative because no construction would take place. The Build Alternative would result in the noise level at the Kama'aina Hale Condominiums (represented by sites B, B-M-1, and B-M-2), to approach or exceed the NAC of Leq(h) 67 dBA by 2020. Possible noise mitigation measures at this site were evaluated. Due to the number of receivers at the Kama'aina Hale Condominiums, the level of noise reduction a noise wall would provide, and the estimated cost of such a noise wall, it was found that a noise wall of 8 to 10 feet placed along the edge of the shoulder would be feasible. The noise wall would be approximately 500 feet long and stretch from one end of the Kama'aina Hale Condominiums to the other with a gap for the driveway. If residents affected by the noise do not want noise barriers due to other considerations (such as visual impact), then they do not have to be installed. The County would coordinate with those directly affected at the Kama'aina Hale Condominiums as to whether a noise wall should be installed and, if so, to what height. March 2013 Page 2-42 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 2.8 VISUAL AND AESTHETIC RESOURCES 2.8.1 Existing Conditions Identifying viewsheds is an important step in assessing a project's potential visual effects. A viewshed can be described as all surface areas visible from an observer's viewpoint. Within the project limits, mauka (east) and makai (west) views are available at selected locations. Where available, the upslope (mauka) viewshed provides a view of Hualalai Volcano, which provides a dramatic backdrop to all of Kailua-Kona. The downslope (makai) viewshed provides expansive views of the coastline and the Pacific Ocean in areas not blocked by buildings or vegetation. Overhead utility lines detract from this particular aesthetic quality. Within or adjacent to the roadway, abundant vegetation within undeveloped properties abutting the highway currently creates somewhat of a country road environment, but as described in Section 2.2 most of these parcels have development plans. 2.8.2 Potential Impacts Under the No-Build Alternative, Kuakini Highway would have a more urbanized appearance along the entire alignment. Development plans along Kuakini Highway indicate that existing vegetation buffers would not be present in the year 2020. Compared to the No-Build condition, the Build Alternative may enhance Kuakini Highway's appearance. The proposed action would partially underground the overhead utility lines. While overhead lines would remain on the mauka side, the crossings over the road would be eliminated, thereby improving the road's appearance. The utility poles on the mauka side of the road would be significantly taller than current poles (approximately 80 feet vs. 40 feet) and would closely resemble the conditions in the previously widened portion of Kuakini Highway north of the proposed project. The new utility poles would be steel poles instead of the wood poles currently present. Additional paving and diminished vegetated areas abutting the roadway would be mitigated by landscaping enhancements along Kuakini Highway. Conversely, retaining walls and noise walls would be required under the Build Alternative. These retaining walls would not block any existing views but would change the character of the roadway. Retaining walls would not impact the makai view from any property. Walls on the upslope side would be noticeable to roadway users looking mauka. Downslope walls would be less noticeable from the roadway but may be visible from some more makai areas in Kailua- Kona. An anticipated improvement resulting from the presence of some of the downslope walls would be enhanced makai views from the roadway. Both build alternatives utilize retaining walls; however, Design Alternative 1 requires higher, longer, and more numerous retaining walls. In both cases the tallest retaining wall would be 16 feet high; in Design Alternative 1 the 16 foot tall wall is more extensive. Unlike the retaining walls, the noise walls have the potential to obstruct makai views where they are installed. Noise walls would be installed between Kuakini Highway and the Kama'aina Hale Condominiums to a height of 8 to 10 feet. Retaining walls on the mauka side of the widened highway in this area would reach 9 feet high and the natural slope is such that the Kama'aina Hale Condominiums are approximately 11 feet higher than both the current and widened roadway surface. As such, the noise walls would extend 0 to 2 feet above the grade where human activity generally occurs at the Kama'aina Hale Condominiums. Therefore, the noise walls would likely minimally obstruct makai views from the Kama'aina Hale Condominiums. March 2013 Page 2-43 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 2.8.3 Mitigation Measures Under the Build Alternative, retaining walls and noise walls would be designed to blend in with the surrounding environment as much as possible, and a landscaping plan would be prepared during the design phase. Lava rock walls, walls resembling rock walls, walls colored and patterned to blend in with the surrounding environment, or walls covered with vegetation would be incorporated into designs wherever possible. Retaining walls on both the mauka and makai sides would receive such treatment so as to improve the appearance of the roadway. While needing to consider structural requirements for walls, the County commits to considering public input regarding wall treatment details throughout the project's design phase. Steel utility poles would be painted to blend in with the surrounding environment as much as possible. If residents affected by the noise do not want noise barriers due to other considerations (such as visual impact), then they do not have to be installed. The County would coordinate with those directly affected at the Kama'aina Hale Condominiums as to whether a noise wall should be installed and, if so, to what height. 2.9 SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND CULTURAL CONDITIONS 2.9.1 Existing Conditions 2.9.1.1 Local Economy Plantation agriculture and ranching were the dominant economic activities on the Big Island through the early and mid-201" century, but were overtaken by the visitor industry by the 1970s. Diversified agriculture, however, remains an important industry, and Kona is famous for coffee bean cultivation. Coffee and macadamia nut orchards are located in elevations well above Kuakini Highway where soil and climatic conditions are more favorable for these types of crops. Other agricultural products grown in Kona include high value flowers, foliage, and nursery plants. The economy of West Hawaii and Kailua-Kona is largely dependent on the visitor industry. Hotels in Kailua Village are located mostly along the more tourist-oriented Ali`i Drive, which runs parallel to Kuakini Highway along the coastline. Ali`i Drive also supports a large number of restaurants and shops that cater to visitors, and is a cruise ship stop. The commercial and light industrial businesses along Kuakini Highway from Palani Road extending south into the project limits consist of those that support the visitor industry and/or cater to local residents. Warehousing and industrial activities are located north of Palani Road. Big box retailers that include Wal-Mart, K-Mart, and Costco are centered along Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway generally north and mauka of the project site. The University of Nations college campus is located on Kuakini Highway. Adjacent to the campus, developers propose building a residential complex (Hualalai Village) and a new visitor attraction, both of which would positively impact the local economy by providing housing and jobs. March 2013 Page 2-44 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 2.9.1.2 Demographic Data The economic prosperity of Kona, largely supported by tourism and real estate development, has resulted in an almost eight-fold increase in population in 40 years from 1970 to 2010, as shown in Table 2-9. Table 2-9: Population of North Kona, 1970 to 2010 Year Population 1970 4,839 1980 13,738 1990 22,284 2000 28,543 2010 37,875 Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2.9.1.3 Cultural Practices According to the Cultural Impact Assessment (CIA) (see Appendix H), consultation with cultural informants indicates that burials are the most important native Hawaiian cultural resource in the area. Known burials and possible inadvertent finds of additional burials are discussed in Section 2.11. Otherwise, no known traditional cultural activities were documented in the study area, including those of non-Hawaiian cultures. Although several other archaeological or historic properties have been identified (see Section 2.11), they do not appear to be associated with active traditional cultural practices. Multiple native Hawaiian heiau (temples) and shrines are located in the general vicinity of Kailua-Kona (see archaeological inventory survey in Appendix E for more details), although none are located directly adjacent to the proposed project. 2.9.1.4 Community Services A fire and ambulance station are located on Palani Road a few blocks mauka from its intersection with Kuakini Highway. A police station is approximately two miles north of Kuakini Highway on Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway. 2.9.2 Potentiallmpacts Growth is anticipated to continue in Kailua-Kona. As it becomes a more urbanized community and economic vitality increases, the town's infrastructure needs will grow correspondingly. The No-Build Alternative would not address the need for additional transportation infrastructure, and therefore is likely to result in degraded quality of life, as well as hindrance of the community's economic vitality. Access to essential community and emergency services such as police, fire, and ambulance, may be diminished in the No-Build scenario because traffic congestion would not be addressed. No impacts to burials or cultural resources are foreseen, beyond what may occur as a direct result of other development along the Kuakini Highway corridor. In contrast, the Build Alternative would better address the growing regional transportation needs. It would facilitate access to community resources and services by reducing congestion, while also creating a more walkable community and thus enhancing the quality of life. Emergency services would be better able to serve the community. More motorists may be encouraged to use this travel corridor, rather than discouraged by congested traffic as already March 2013 Page 2-45 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment exists in some parts, increasing opportunities for existing and future businesses on Kuakini Highway. Construction activity would also temporarily contribute to the local economy. It is anticipated that none of the heiau in the Kailua-Kona area would be directly or indirectly affected by the proposed project. Known burials on Kuakini Highway would not be affected by the proposed action. As yet unknown burials may be discovered during project construction and would likely be relocated (Section 2.11). 2.9.3 Mitigation Measures No mitigation measures are needed to address socio-economic impacts of the Build Alternative, which are generally assumed to be positive. The potential cultural impact on burials and appropriate mitigation measures are described in Section 2.11 as part of historic/archaeological resources. 2.10 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE Executive Order (EO) 12898 regarding Environmental Justice (EJ) requires federal agencies to take appropriate and necessary steps to identify and address disproportionately high and adverse effects of federal projects on minority and low-income populations' health or environment. Because of expected federal participation in the construction funding of this project, the project must comply with EO 12898. There appear to be no minority populations in the study area in accordance with the minority definition contained in "FHWA Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority and Low- Income Populations (December 2, 1998)". Moreover, it should be noted that because Hawaii is unique in having a majority of traditionally-defined "minority" residents, who are otherwise not marginalized, the ethnicity criterion under EJ is often meaningless when applied to Hawaii. A more revealing EJ criterion for Hawaii is income. Census tract-level analysis indicates that Kailua-Kona is either on par with or more affluent than the County of Hawaii norm. However, small residential areas have been identified along the project corridor as possible low-income neighborhoods. These areas are 1) Kama'aina Hale, a low-income housing project owned by the Housing and Community Development Corporation of Hawaii (HCDCH) and operated by Hawaii Affordable Properties, and 2) the so-called Duarte Apartments, a cluster of rental properties near the northeast intersection of Kuakini Highway and Onioni Street. Because these areas were identified early in project planning, a concerted effort was made to reach out to these communities, provide timely information about the project, and extend invitations to a public informational meeting, including soliciting the assistance of owners/managers of these properties to hand-deliver notices of the public meeting to each residence. A summary of public outreach activities to date is provided in Section 3.1. A noise impact would occur at Kama'aina Hale Condominium and a noise wall is proposed as mitigation. Outreach to Kama'aina Hale Condominium residents and owners would be conducted during the design and construction phases. No other disproportionate or adverse effect on a low-income or minority population is foreseen as a result of this project. March 2013 Page 2-46 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 2.11 HISTORIC AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES 2.11 .1 Regulatory Requirements Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act requires that federal agencies consider the effect of their projects (referred to as "undertakings" in Section 106) on any resource listed on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. In accordance with regulations provided in 36 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 800, the Section 106 process involves coordination and consultation with the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO), and other agencies and organizations that have an interest in or are mandated to protect historic properties. In addition, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) is afforded the opportunity to comment on actions that may potentially affect historic properties. Chapter 6E of the Hawaii Revised Statutes, as described in regulations provided in Title 13, Chapter 275 of the Hawaii Administrative Rules, places similar responsibilities on State agencies to evaluate their projects. Since the project involves both federal and State agencies, both regulations apply to the project. After initiating the Section 106 process, the federal sponsoring or regulating agency identifies whether there are any historic properties in the project's Area of Potential Effect (APE); assesses whether properties identified in the APE would be adversely affected by the proposed project; and resolves adverse effects, if necessary. The APE is defined as the geographic areas within which an undertaking may directly or indirectly cause changes in the character of historic properties, if any such properties exist. Adverse effects, if any, are resolved through a Memorandum of Agreement with the SHPO, which may include the ACHP. For a district, site, building, structure, or object to be considered eligible (or be considered "historic" or a "historic property") for the NRHP, it must be at least 50 years old and meet any one of the following criteria: 1. The site reflects major trends or events in the history of the State or nation; 2. The site is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; 3. The site is an excellent example of a site type/work of a master; or 4. The site has yielded or may likely yield information important in prehistory or history. The Hawaii Register of Historic Places (Hawai`i Register) provides an additional criterion: 5. The site has traditional cultural significance to an ethnic group. Under Section 106, the federal agency — in this case, FHWA — is responsible for assessing the effects of the project (i.e., Build Alternative) on all eligible historic properties within the APE. Pursuant to Section 106 (36 CFR 800), FHWA can render one of the following three possible findings: • no historic properties affected; • no adverse effect; or • adverse effect. "No historic properties affected" means that either there are no historic properties present, or there are historic properties present but the undertaking would have no effect upon them of any kind (that is, neither harmful nor beneficial). "No adverse effect" means that there could be an effect, but the effect would not be harmful to those characteristics that qualify the property for inclusion in the National Register. March 2013 Page 2-47 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment An "adverse effect" means an undertaking may alter, directly or indirectly, any of the characteristics of a historic property that qualify the property for inclusion in the National Register in a manner that would diminish the integrity of the property. The Section 106 consultation process for the proposed project is on-going but would be completed before the Final EA. It is anticipated that the HRS Chapter 6E review would be concluded by SHPD in conjunction with the Section 106 process. Chapter 3, Appendix A, and the cultural impact assessment in Appendix H provide details of coordination conducted to date with the SHPD and cultural informants, pursuant to Section 106 and HRS Chapter 6E-8. 2.11 .2 Area of Potential Effect and Study Methods The APE was selected to be a 200-foot wide corridor centered on the center of the existing Kuakini Highway. Therefore, the APE extends 100-feet mauka and makai from the center line of the existing roadway. This APE was selected for the following reasons: • The APE incorporates the entire existing Kuakini Highway ROW. The ROW is 80 feet wide; therefore, the APE extends 60 feet beyond the ROW into neighboring parcels. • The APE incorporates all additional ROW that would be acquired. Design Alternative 1 requires no new acquisitions but Design Alternative 2 requires up to 10 feet of new ROW be acquired (Section 2.2). • The APE incorporates the entire limits of new roadway construction, including driveway modifications on adjacent parcels. • Because the highway already exists, effects to historic properties beyond the immediate vicinity of the highway are not anticipated. • Although the APE incorporates all construction areas, some potential construction staging areas could extend beyond the area surveyed. If land beyond the archaeological study area is needed for construction staging, it would be the responsibility of the contractor to survey and clear through an environmental review process the additional area (see Section 2.11.5). To assist in identifying historic properties in the APE, International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc. (IARII) conducted an archaeological inventory survey (See Appendix E). The survey included a historic background survey and fieldwork to identify any undiscovered historic properties in and around the project site. IARII documented all sites found within the 200-foot APE corridor in its inventory survey. In addition to the inventory survey, project planners invited early coordination comments from persons and organizations that might have knowledge of historic resources in the project area. The results of this early coordination were also useful for developing the APE. Coordination included the State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD), the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), Hui Malama I Na Kupuna O Hawai`i Nei, Kona Hawaiian Civic Club, and the Hawaii Island Burial Council (HIBC), among others (See Appendix A for records of correspondence and Section 3.2 for a summary). Other consultation and public outreach was conducted via a public informational meeting held in Kailua-Kona on November 16, 2005, and interviews with cultural informants for the cultural impact assessment (CIA) prepared in conjunction with the inventory survey. The CIA is included as Appendix H of this EA, and is described in Section 2.9. A separate informational presentation to the Hawaii Island Burial Council was made on January 18, 2006 in Kailua-Kona. March 2013 Page 2-48 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment The following sections discuss archaeological resources encountered using their site numbers. Site numbers are the official designations by the SHPD. All the site numbers listed in this document have been shortened to exclude the prefix "50-10-28," which indicates the USGS topographic quadrangle for the area (Kailua, Hawai`i). Therefore, site 50-10-28-11059 has been shortened to site 11059. 2.11 .3 Existing Conditions This section describes the historic properties identified in the project's APE. A historic property is any district, site, building, structure, or object that is on or eligible for the NRHP or the Hawaii Register. A total of 21 sites, some with multiple features, were recorded. The sites and features identified by IARII have been separated into the following categories: A. Historic sites on which FHWA has determined the project would have no effect (not discussed in this report— see Appendix E for discussion): - Rock clearing pile, Site 11059 feature 4 (Figure 2-18) - Ranching wall, Site 15514 (Figure 2-18) - Rock outcrop, Site 22045 (possible) (Figure 2-18) - Rock wall, Site 22053 (possible) (Figure 2-18) - Wall remnants, Site 22054 (possible) (Figure 2-18) - Agricultural landscape, Site 23686 features 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, and 197 (Figure 2-18) - Rock mound, temporary Site 1 (Figure 2-19) - The four burials encountered during 16-inch diameter water line installation (they have been relocated outside the APE) - Coral/boundary walls, Site 23662 (Figure 2-18) - Rock outcrop/quarry, temporary Site 3 (Figure 2-18) - Lava blister, temporary Site 4/Site 25032 (Figure 2-18) B. Sites evaluated in the IARII report and found to be modern or not meeting any of the criteria for NHRA eligibility (not discussed in this report — see Appendix E for discussion): - Modern rock wall on makai side of Kuakini Highway, Site 22057 (Figure 2-17, Figure 2-18, and Figure 2-19) - Modern rock wall on mauka side of Kuakini Highway, Site 23666 (Figure 2-17, Figure 2-18, and Figure 2-19) - Boundary wall, Site 23665 (rebuilt with concrete) (Figure 2-18) C. Historic site on which FHWA has determined the project would have no effect, but further evaluation is necessary: 1. Laniakea Cave, Site 7248 (Figure 2-17) D. Historic sites on which FHWA has determined the project would have no effect, but avoidance and/or protection may be necessary: 2. Temporary habitation site, temporary Site 2/Site 25030 (Figure 2-19) 3. Kuakini's Wall, Site 6302 (Figure 2-19) March 2013 Page 2-49 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 4. Memorial and burial, Site 21189 (Figure 2-17) 5. Platforms and occupation area, Site 5608 features BBB, CCC, DDD, and WWW (Figure 2-17) E. FHWA has determined that the proposed project would have an adverse effect on the historic sites in this group; however, no mitigation is required because they have been fully documented and preservation is not deemed necessary: 6. Boundary and ranching wall, Site 6300 (Figure 2-19) 7. Kamehameha V LCA boundary wall, Site 11059 feature 8 (Figure 2-18) 8. Ranching boundary wall, Site 15508 (Figure 2-18) All the sites listed above are discussed in detail in the IARII report (Appendix E) and illustrated in Figure 2-17, Figure 2-18, and Figure 2-19. Sites in category A are not discussed in the body of this EA because the project would not have any effect on them. Sites in category B are not discussed in the body of this EA because it was determined that they are not historic sites. The numbered sites and features listed in categories C, D, and E are summarized in Table 2-10 and discussed briefly in Section 2.11.4. A project to replace the water line beneath Kuakini Highway was completed in 2007. Four burials were inadvertently encountered during construction. One of those burials is discussed in the IARII report. Since discovery and the IARII report, an Archaeological Recovery Plan was prepared for the water line project and approved by SHPD. The burials had been removed and relocated. March 2013 Page 2-50 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Table 2-10: Historic Properties within APE Hawaii NRHP Register Significance Significance Recommended # Site No. Description/Function Criteria* Criteria* Likely Effect Action 1 7248 Laniakea Cave;possibly used D D, E None(protection Preservation for concealment/refuge(Figure during construction) 2-17 2 25030(Temp 2 in C-shaped wall;temporary D D None, protection Avoidance;mitigation inventory surrey) habitation(Figure 2-19) needed measures necessary if avoidance not possible 3 6302 Kuakini's Wall;boundary B,C, D B,C,D,E None, protection Preservation (Figure 2-19) needed 4 21189 Modern memorial,marking None E None, protection Preservation inadvertent discovery of human needed remains(Figure 2-17) 5 5608, Features Platforms(habitation and D D(all), None, protection Preservation required BBB,CCC, DDD, probable burial features)and E(features needed by County zoning; and WWW occupation area(Figure 1A) BBB, CCC,and provide protection and DDD) limit access after construction 6 6300 Wall;ranching,boundary D D Adverse effect; None(site fully (Figure 2-19) removal within ROW documented) 7 11059, Feature 8 Rock wall;boundary marker D D Adverse effect; None(site fully (Figure 2-18 removal within ROW documented 8 15508 Rock wall;boundary(Figure D D Adverse effect; None(site fully 2-18) removal within ROW documented) Source:International Archaeological Research Institute,Inc.,July 2008. Notes: *=State or National Register significance criteria,as follows: B-Site is associated with the lives of persons important in our past. C-Site embodies distinctive characteristics of a type,period,or method of construction,represents the work of a master,possesses high artistic values,or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction. D-Site has yielded,or is likely to yield,information important for research on prehistory or history. E-Site has important historical cultural value to an ethnic group of the State(State criterion only). March 2013 Page 2-51 � o � .m oc p A � v V, aC J A 00 ' I t/2 Tom• F N a � I r 6 112 1 Ir'J I Lau o v u oo o o II 1 8 m u o 11 � F �°'� VS, t rl S � i I _-s N :z � Z w ton � oc ' W m w � w ca o� I I � a 6 %) o VJ y "R'1 1 3N o I ° I I I rq N a I I •o '� Qp N En \ V 121 e N \ \ N ;-..__...L.I i r J n a rq .�.. � •. 1 �o q �0 1 I � tia r I � 1 N I I 1f rl -JIf I ' I I I M r � � N N v VOW �i c a o aCol jo o � Un ♦ �,� 1 ♦ !\ `% ' eq N \ �, \�^ e1% rnpw p V M1 \ N \ \ a� N ` r m � 1h �3 rn � r 1 3 r N Ln Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 2.11 .4 Potential Impacts The following discussion describes each resource in categories C, D, and E, its significance criteria, and how it may be affected by the project. The descriptions and recommendations below are summarized from the "Archaeological Inventory Survey for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2" (IARII, July 2008; Appendix E). In accordance with NHPA Section 106, significance evaluations and FHWA's effect determinations for each historic property are provided below. These determinations also apply to HRS Chapter 6E-8. Under the No-Build Alternative, no historic properties would be affected. Under the Build Alternative, the following historic properties in the APE may be affected by the project. 2.11.4.1 Laniakea Cave at Thurston House, Site 7248 Laniakea Cave is a lava tube associated with the historic Thurston House ruins. Consultation with cultural informants yielded information that the cave may have been used as a refuge or for concealment by soldiers during times of war (Cultural Surveys Hawaii, Inc., 2005). Although Thurston House itself is not included in the APE, Laniakea Cave has been identified as a resource potentially affected by the project because its path crosses under Kuakini Highway. Its exact path is unclear, but the cave is known to connect an entrance near the ruins of Thurston House (some 800 feet beyond the archaeological survey area) with Hale Halawai on the coast of Kailua-Kona. According to surveys performed in recent times (Cultural Surveys Hawaii, Inc., 2005), the cave does not intersect Keopu stream or the concrete drainage structures downstream, but may come within 25 feet of the drainage canal. The cave is eligible for the NRHP under Criterion D, and the Hawaii Register under Criteria D and E. During Phase 1 of the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project (from Palani Road to Hualalai Road), it was assumed that that project would not have an adverse effect on Laniakea Cave. SHPD issued a Section 106 compliance letter that states a field inspection conducted by Marc Smith, SHPD staff archaeologist, and Thomas Pack, DPW, noted that "It appears to us that the roof of the cave (a lava tube) is far enough below surface that the proposed work will have "no effect" on this significant historic site." A project to install a 16-inch diameter water line at a depth of three feet below ground level (total excavation depth during installation was approximately 5 feet below ground level) on the makai shoulder of the highway did not encounter the cave. Furthermore, Kuakini Highway and surrounding buildings has been present at this location, presumably above a portion of the cave, without the cave being encountered or the improvements being damaged. Attempts were made to contact the Laniakea Foundation, stewards of the cave, but no response has been received. For these reasons, the FHWA has rendered a "no effect" determination for Laniakea Cave. This determination was reached based on available evidence indicating the cave is at a sufficient depth that it would not be affected by the project. However, during the design phase, project engineers would make reasonable efforts to inspect the cave to verify the cave's alignment and depth beneath the project area, particularly where relatively deep excavations would be necessary for items such as utility and light poles. A cave skylight covered by a concrete slab and grate, located southeast of the Hualalai Road intersection on TMK 7-5-008:015 is a potential entry point for the future inspection. If necessary, the roof of the cave would be bridged, as described in Section 1.4.2. March 2013 Page 2-55 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 2.11.4.2 C-Shaped Structure, Site 25030/Temp Site 2 This C-shaped structure is located in the vacant parcel adjacent to Pottery Terrace, and is at least 14 feet from the limits of construction. It is constructed of stacked pebble and cobble-sized a'a clinkers, and is built on the edge of an a'a lava flow. It may have served as temporary habitation. The site was surrounded by dense vegetation. It is deemed eligible for the NRHP and the Hawaii Register under Criterion D. The inventory survey recommended avoidance of this site. The FHWA has rendered a "no effect" determination for this site. It should not be directly affected by construction, but due to its proximity to the construction site construction fencing would be installed as a precautionary measure during construction to ensure it is avoided and protected. 2.11.4.3 Kuakini's Wall, Site 6302 Two segments of Kuakini's Wall, also known as the Great Wall of Kuakini, were found on either side of Kuakini Highway near the Onioni Street/Walua Road intersection with Kuakini Highway. The existing Kuakini Highway appears to have breached this wall. The wall is eligible for the NRHP and the Hawaii Register under Criteria B, C, D, and E (Hawai`i Register only). The wall is a well-recorded and important archaeological feature, spanning about 5.6 miles from Kahaluu to Keahuolu and averaging 8 feet in height. The wall appears to have been expanded or rebuilt from an older wall by Governor Kuakini in the 191" century to keep cattle out of homes and gardens. The FHWA has rendered a "no effect" determination for this historic wall. The distance of this site from the limits of construction indicates that there would be no direct construction-period impacts on this wall. Due to the importance of this wall, installing construction fencing around the closest termini of these wall segments is recommended as a protective measure during the widening of Kuakini Highway. 2.11.4.4 Burial, Site 21189 This burial lying within the Kuakini Highway ROW was an inadvertent discovery in 1998 during the construction of Coconut Grove Marketplace. The human remains were not directly associated with an individual or a specific family in the area. The remains were left in place, and a stone memorial was erected on the sidewalk which now fronts the shopping center. The remains are a little more than 2 feet (about 70 centimeters) below the surface. This site is not eligible for the NRHP, but is eligible for the Hawaii Register under Criterion E. The proposed project would not disturb this feature or the sidewalk on which the memorial is placed. The pavement adjacent to the sidewalk would be removed to about a two-inch depth to prepare the roadway for new pavement; the roadway's base course would not be disturbed. Therefore, no effect is anticipated for this burial and monument. 2.11.4.5 Platforms and Occupation Area, Site 5608 Features BBB, CCC, DDD, and WWW Features BBB, CCC, and DDD of Site 5608 are located east (mauka) of the roadway, across from Coconut Grove Marketplace. The features are described as platforms, which are likely to be eligible for NRHP under Criterion D, and eligible for the Hawaii Register under Criterion D and E. Feature WWW is described as an occupation area, noted by a scatter of coral and March 2013 Page 2-56 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment marine shells on a pahoehoe outcrop. This feature appears to have been disturbed by bulldozing. It is likely to be eligible for NRHP and the Hawaii Register under Criterion D. None of the features are within the Kuakini Highway right-of-way; features BBB, CCC, and DDD are roughly 50 feet from mauka of the anticipated limits of construction (LOC), and feature WWW is roughly 30 feet from the LOC. A County zoning ordinance passed in 2005 stipulated that all sites on in these parcels (TMK 7- 9-5:55 and portion of 54) are to be protected as an archaeological preservation area. The archaeological inventory survey (Appendix E) indicates that features BBB, CCC, and DDD should be regarded as particularly sensitive, because they are likely to be traditional Hawaiian community features that may contain burials. The primary concern for these features is disturbance during or after construction, because of increased visibility and ease of access when the road is widened, and because the existing rock walls along the road (modern Site 23666) would be removed by construction activities. The FHWA has rendered a "no effect" determination for this site. It would not be directly affected by construction due to its distance from construction activities. To protect the features, as recommended by the survey, the following precautions would be taken: • Install temporary construction fencing between the features and the LOC to protect the features during construction. • Install rock walls along the highway ROW in the vicinity of the features, if no retaining wall 4 feet high or higher is required by the project, to create a physical barrier preserving a buffer area of at least 30 feet between widened Kuakini Highway and the features. 2.11.4.6 Boundary and Ranching Wall, Site 6300 This wall is located on the makai side of the southern project terminus. It is likely to be eligible for NRHP and the Hawaii Register under Criterion D. It is a ranching wall and a boundary, which helped keep cattle out of house lots and gardens. The wall is eroding and/or collapsed, and has several large breaches which were likely made by the original construction of Kuakini Highway. Under both Design Alternatives 1 and 2, this wall would need to be removed because it coincides with the edge of the existing ROW. The archaeological inventory survey indicates this wall has been fully documented and does not recommend any mitigation. Because a small portion of the wall would be removed, the FHWA has rendered an "adverse effect" determination for the historic wall. However, no mitigation is proposed because the wall has been fully documented. 2.11.4.7 Rock Wall, Site 11059, Feature 8 This feature at the site is eligible for the NRHP and the Hawaii Register under Criterion D. According to the inventory survey, the feature consists of rock walls associated with a land claim award (LCA) in the ahupua'a of Pua'a. It abuts another wall (modern Site 22057) that lies parallel to the edge of Kuakini Highway. Because the modern highway walls in this section are likely to be removed, feature 8 would also be removed where it is within the highway right-of-way. The archaeological inventory survey indicates this wall has been fully documented and does not recommend any mitigation. Similar to Site 6300, the FHWA has rendered an "adverse effect" determination for the historic wall March 2013 Page 2-57 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment because a small section of it would be removed. However, no mitigation is proposed because the wall has been fully documented. 2.11.4.8 Rock Wall, Site 15508 Site 15508 is a ranching wall that may also have been an ahupua'a boundary wall. It is eligible for the NRHP and the Hawaii Register under Criterion D. Similar to Site 11059, this wall also abuts the modern wall (Site 22057) running alongside the highway. The portion of the wall within the highway ROW would be removed. Similar to Sites 6300 and 11059, the FHWA has rendered an "adverse effect" determination for the historic wall because a small section of it within the highway ROW would be removed. However, no mitigation is proposed because the archaeological survey indicates the wall has been fully documented. 2.11.4.9 Additional Resources Inadvertent discovery of subsurface cultural deposits is possible during construction. If a burial is encountered during construction, all work in that area would be temporarily halted, and the proper agencies and organizations would be notified, including the SHPD. 2.11 .5 Mitigation Measures Archaeological monitoring would be conducted during construction. A monitoring plan would be prepared and submitted to SHPD for approval prior to construction. Should the selected contractor require a construction staging area beyond those areas already surveyed, it would be an obligation of the contractor to conduct additional archaeological survey for any areas not previously addressed by this or other projects. Mitigation similar to that specified below for similar resources would be implemented for any sites found in the new survey area. 2.11.5.1 Laniakea Cave at Thurston House, Site 7248 During the design phase, project engineers would inspect the cave and the location of the reported opening possibly adjacent to Kuakini Highway. If it is determined that cave does pass underneath the roadway and is deemed to be shallow, which current information does not support, the roof of the cave would be bridged, as described in Section 1.4.2. 2.11.5.2 Temporary Habitation Site, Temporary Site 2/Site 25030 Construction fencing would be installed as a precautionary measure during construction to ensure this site is avoided and protected. 2.11.5.3 Kuakini's Wall, Site 6302 No adverse effect on this wall is anticipated. However, as a precaution during construction, temporary construction fencing would also be placed around this feature. Because this site is located on property to be developed for the Hualalai Village/Pacific Islands Cultural Center, mitigation for the Kuakini Highway Improvements project would be made consistent with the relevant portions of the treatment and mitigation plan that would be developed by the other project. March 2013 Page 2-58 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 2.11.5.4 Memorial and Burial, Site 21189 Care would be taken during construction to avoid and preserve the burial by limiting the depth of disturbance in the area. 2.11.5.5 Platforms and Occupation Area, Site 5608 Features BBB, CCC, DDD, and WWW As mentioned above, a preservation plan by third parties is anticipated for Site 5608, Features BBB, CCC, DDD, and WWW. This site and features are part of a property protected by County Ordinance as a historic preservation area. Therefore, a third party is slated to develop an archaeological preservation plan covering TMKs 7-9-5:55 and 54, including the historic properties within Kuakini Highway's APE. In the event that the preservation plan is not completed by third parties prior to DPW proceeding with the proposed roadway improvements, DPW would: • Install temporary construction fencing between the features and the limits of construction to protect the features during construction. • Install rock walls along the highway ROW in the vicinity of the features, if no retaining wall 4 feet high or higher is required by the project, to preserve a buffer area of at least 30 feet between widened Kuakini Highway and the features. 2.11.5.6 Rock Walls, Sites 6300, 11059, and 15508 Although these sites may be damaged or dismantled during construction of the proposed project, no preservation or other mitigation measure is proposed. According to the inventory survey, these sites have been fully documented and no further work or preservation is deemed necessary. 2.11.5.7 Additional Resources Archaeological monitoring would be conducted during construction. A monitoring plan would be prepared and submitted to SHPD for approval prior to construction. Generally, if a burial is encountered during construction, all work in that area would be temporarily halted, and the proper agencies and organizations would be notified, including the SHPD. It is anticipated that any new burials would be relocated similarly to those encountered during the water line work within the Kuakini Highway right-of-way. 2.12 PARKS AND RECREATIONAL RESOURCES 2.12.1 Existing Conditions In Kailua-Kona, coastal recreation is an important element to the visitor industry as well to the quality of life of local residents. Coastal recreational resources and properties near the project site include Kailua Bay, Kailua Wharf and Ramp, and Hale Halawai Park. Kailua Bay is the starting point for the world-famous Iron Man Triathlon. Parks near the project limits include Kailua Playground and Hillcrest Park (see Figure 2-20). Access to the 0.7-acre Kailua Playground is from Kuakini Highway, via a steep driveway because the facility is roughly 11 feet below the roadway. The County-owned park includes a basketball court, tennis court, and a comfort station. Hillcrest Park is located within the Hillcrest residential subdivision flanking Onioni Street, which intersects with Kuakini Highway. It lies about 500 feet mauka of the intersection of Kuakini Highway and Onioni Street. March 2013 Page 2-59 ■ ■ , ■ ) � \ \ §\ �= j o @ \ G + tR� ra) | CC 2 ^®/\ cc / «ma a ƒ . § C ) & ■ ( � & - a 6� L Z m# d y,kq ab 23 m o � a �L-00*�� �% � : 7he 2 , 4 o%- 6 ts 22 0. ll *6 0 2 Z 0 � > � � \\ 7}} \/& 2JJ \ Cl) LU � � Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 2.12.2 Potential Impacts The proposed road widening would bring the edge of Kuakini Highway closer to Kailua Playground. As a result, the park access road would have to be reconfigured; the driveway would become slightly steeper, going from a grade of 17 percent to 18 percent, and the slope of the driveway would extend further into the park. Currently the base of the driveway matches the overall playground grade approximately 42 feet west (makai) of the Kuakini Highway ROW; after widening, the driveway would match park grade approximately 74 feet west (makai) of the ROW. This driveway modification would result in a loss of 1,280 square feet of level ground within the parking area of the playground (an area 32 feet long by 40 feet wide). Even at the new grade of 18 percent the park access road would meet federal driveway criteria. Aside from this change to the existing driveway, playground amenities would be unaffected. Hillcrest Park is not adjacent to Kuakini Highway and would not be impacted by the widening project. 2.12.3 Mitigation Measures Under the Build Alternative the park access road as reconfigured would be steeper than before the highway widening. The construction of a new park access route through the shopping center was considered but rejected because the new driveway grade of 18 percent would still meet federal driveway criteria. 2.13 SECTION 4(F) EVALUATION Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act, 49 U.S.C. 303 and 23 U.S.C. 138 (referred to hereafter as "Section 4(f)"), permits the use of land for a transportation project from a significant publicly-owned public park, recreation area, wildlife and waterfowl refuge, or a historic site only when the FHWA has determined that: • There is no feasible and prudent alternative to such use; and • The project includes all possible planning to minimize harm to the property resulting from such use. The purpose of Section 4(f) is to preserve significant parkland, recreation areas, refuges, and historic/archaeological sites by limiting the circumstances under which such land can be used for transportation projects. The word "use" in this case means: • Land is permanently incorporated into a transportation facility; • There is a temporary occupancy of land that is adverse in terms of preservation of the resource; or • The project's proximity to the site substantially impairs those functions that qualify the site as a Section 4(f) resource even though no land is permanently or temporarily acquired. This is called "constructive use." As noted in Section 2.12, the proposed action would not take lands from publicly-owned public parks or recreational facilities, but does require a modification of the driveway into the park from Kuakini Highway (Section 1.4.2.1). The project area does not contain wildlife and waterfowl refuges. Several historic sites would be affected, as discussed in Section 2.11, but none of the affects are considered "adverse" as defined by regulation. March 2013 Page 2-61 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Section 3.2.4 of this EA describes regulatory coordination activities conducted for this project, pursuant to Section 4(f). 2.13.1 Kailua Playground As discussed in Section 2.12, neither design alternative of the project would take any land from Kailua Playground but both design alternatives would require the driveway access be modified (Section 1.4.2.1). The project is considered to avoid the playground because no playground land would be acquired. The driveway modification would constitute a temporary occupancy of the playground; however, it is not deemed an adverse impact because the modification would restore and preserve the only access into the playground. The project is not considered a constructive use of the playground because Kuakini Highway already boarders the playground and provides access to the playground. Driveway modifications would result in a loss of approximately 1,280 square feet of level ground within the parking area of the playground. Playground amenities, such as basketball courts, would be unaffected. Because the playground amenities would be unaffected and the park would not lose any area, the impact to Kailua Playground could be categorized as a de minimus impact. A de minimus impact is defined as an impact that does not "adversely affect the activities, features, and attributes" of the Section 4(f) resource, in this case the playground. The USDOT generally considers any parking lot encroachment or similar type of land use to be a de minimus impact. As described in Section 3.2.4 of this EA, the FHWA has contacted the County of Hawaii Department of Parks and Recreation to solicit their assessment of the project's impacts to Kailua Playground. If the Department of Parks and Recreation agrees that the impact to the playground is a de minimus impact, then the requirements of Section 4(f) would be complete. If the Department of Parks and Recreation feels the impact is beyond a de minimus impact, then further consultation and mitigation of the impact would be pursued. 2.13.2 Historic Resources An historic site falls within the protection afforded by Section 4(f) only if it is on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. Section 4(f) does not apply to archeological sites where the Administration, after consultation with the SHPO, determines that the archeological resource is important chiefly because of what can be learned by data recovery and has minimal value for preservation in place. Neither design alternative would have an adverse effect on any historic resource. As discussed in Section 2.11, some historic rock walls would be dismantled where they are within the Kuakini Highway ROW; preservation or avoidance is not deemed necessary because they have been fully documented. Other historic resources within the project APE, such as Kuakini's Wall and Laniakea Cave, would be avoided and protected to prevent an adverse affect. Modern memorials marking the discovery of human remains during other recent construction projects would not be affected by the project; in addition, they are not eligible for the National Register of Historic Places and therefore do not fall under the provisions of Section 4(f). As described in Section 3.2.4 of this EA, the FHWA determination of no adverse affect on historic resources has been submitted to the SHPD for concurrence. If the SHPD agrees that there would be no adverse affect to historic resources, then the requirements of Section 4(f) would be complete. If the SHPD disagrees with FHWA's determination, then further consultation and potentially mitigation would be pursued. March 2013 Page 2-62 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 2.14 CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS 2.14.1 Maintenance of Traffic Construction activities would cause motorists, bicyclists and pedestrians traveling on Kuakini Highway to experience delay and inconvenience for approximately 2 years, the estimated duration of construction. To minimize traffic and access problems on Kuakini Highway and adjacent side streets, construction phasing, pedestrian control plans, traffic control plans, and maintenance of driveway access plans would be developed and implemented. Traffic would probably be shifted as required to the makai side, then later to the mauka side of Kuakini Highway. Local access to residences and businesses and turning movements at intersections would be maintained as much as possible during all phases of construction. Pedestrian movements would be maintained but may be temporarily relocated to provide safe passage through work areas. Construction activities which could not maintain two lanes of traffic would be restricted to off- peak hours whenever feasible. Lane closures during non-peak periods may occur during clearing and grubbing, cold-planing, resurfacing, restriping, and when traffic control devices, such as portable traffic barriers, are being secured. It is anticipated that reconstruction of the existing roadway will be necessary in most areas; however, during the project design phase the possibility of using overlay pavement in some areas to shorten and minimize lane closures will be considered. All properties with a driveway access to Kuakini Highway would be affected by driveway re- alignment. The contractor would coordinate all driveway work with property owners and occupants prior to start of construction. Driveway re-construction work would take one to two weeks per driveway depending on site specific conditions. Steeper driveways may take longer. Traffic access would be maintained as much as possible, but some sites may require access restrictions for short durations. Driveway closures would be coordinated with owners and/or occupants, as necessary. 2.14.2 Air Quality Air quality impacts during roadway construction generally consist of fugitive dust and mobile source emissions from construction equipment. Fugitive dust is airborne particulate matter, of usually large particle size, generated by construction vehicles operating around construction sites and from material blown from uncovered haul trucks, stockpiles, and exposed areas. The emission rate for fugitive dust emissions from construction activities is difficult to estimate accurately because its generation varies greatly depending upon the type of soil, the amount and type of dirt-disturbing activity, the moisture content of exposed soil, and wind speed. Frequent watering would control fugitive dust at construction sites. In addition, wind screens may be used in areas near residences and commercial districts, as well as limiting the areas of disturbance at any given time. Landscaping would be established as early as possible. To prevent haul trucks from tracking dirt onto paved streets, tire washing or road cleaning may be appropriate. State regulations further stipulate that open-bodied trucks be covered at all times when in motion if they are transporting wind-erodible materials. Construction vehicles would emit engine exhaust. The largest of this equipment is usually diesel-powered, which emit relatively high levels of NOx in comparison to gasoline-powered March 2013 Page 2-63 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment equipment. However, standards for such pollutants are set on an annual basis and would therefore not likely be violated by short-term construction equipment emissions. 2.14.3 Noise Construction noise is discussed in detail in the Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report included in Appendix G. Construction would involve the use of heavy machinery that may cause temporary noise impacts to adjacent noise sensitive land uses. Table 2-11 presents maximum noise levels (Lmax) of heavy mobile construction equipment and compressors measured at a distance of 50 feet. Construction would normally occur during daylight hours when occasional loud noises are more tolerable. In addition, most of the construction site would not be near noise sensitive land uses. Therefore, extended noise disruptions to normal activities are not anticipated. Table 2-11: Construction Equipment Noise Levels Source Lmax (dBA) at 50 Feet Model Tested Backhoe 85 John Deere 609A Front Loader 84 Caterpillar 980 Dozer 84 Caterpillar D7e Grader 91 Caterpillar 16 Scraper 92 Caterpillar 660 Compressor 80-89 Various Tested Pile Driver 95-100 Various Tested Source: Federal Highway Administration, Highway Construction Noise: Measurement, Prediction, and Mitigation, 1976. Since HDOH maintains community noise control standards (HAR Section 11-46) that apply to construction noise, these specifications would be followed. A noise permit would be obtained for construction activities performed during standard work hours. If certain construction activities require work beyond standard work hours (Monday through Friday 7am through 6pm and Saturday 9am through 6pm), a noise variance will be obtained. 2.14.4 Water Resources The primary potential for construction-phase water resource impacts would be associated with erosion and sedimentation associated with the project's clearing and earthmoving activities, and alteration of existing drainage patterns. Storm water runoff and erosion during project construction and landscaping would be mitigated through the use of construction Best Management Practices (BMPs) established and permitted before work begins. Generally accepted BMPs likely applicable to this project include: • Silt curtains and fences; • Minimizing areas of disturbance; • Covering of stockpiles; • Stabilizing highly erodible/critical areas using vegetation and/or mulching as soon as possible; and • Construction of dikes or diversions to avoid runoff across erodible areas. Because the construction area is larger than one acre, the specific BMPs to be implemented would be approved by the HDOH when they issue the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Stormwater Discharge Permit for this project. March 2013 Page 2-64 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 2.14.5 Solid Waste Management and Hazardous Waste Good housekeeping practices would be required of the contractor, such as ensuring that: • All waste materials be collected and stored in securely lidded dumpsters that are emptied before becoming overly full and not buried on site; • Materials stored on-site be stored in a neat, orderly manner in appropriate containers (i.e., per manufacturers recommendations); • All on-site vehicles be monitored for leaks and receive regular preventive maintenance to reduce the chance of leakage; and • A spill prevention and clean-up plan is prepared and implemented if needed. All sanitary waste generated during the construction phase would be collected from portable units as required and directed to a HDOH-permitted treatment facility. As stated in Section 2.1.1.3, hazardous materials contamination is not likely to be uncovered during construction. However, during construction personnel should be alert for signs of potential petroleum contamination when soil is excavated. The contractor should be aware that petroleum products are stored in underground tanks in the area and undocumented releases could have occurred. If contamination were identified during construction, the contractor would report it immediately to DPW and HDOH. Handling of hazardous materials and possible site remediation would be required in accordance with applicable State and federal laws, specifying the handling, treatment, and disposal of contaminated materials. 2.14.6 Historic and Archaeological Resources As detailed in Section 2.11, the contractor would be instructed to (a) implement mitigation measures such as the use of orange construction fencing around sensitive sites, and (b) have an archaeological monitor on site during ground disturbing activities. Construction activities have the potential to encounter undocumented burial and archaeological sites. If such a site were uncovered during construction, work would stop and the appropriate authorities, including SHPD, would immediately be notified. Construction would resume upon approval of the appropriate authorities. 2.14.7 Utilities As stated in Section 2.3.3.3, a number of utilities would require relocation. During design and construction, substantial planning and coordination with utility providers would occur to minimize interruptions in utility service to customers. Disruptions to utility service, if necessary, would be restricted to short-term localized events. Careful scheduling of these disruptions and prior notification to occupants of affected properties would mitigate these impacts. 2.15 SECONDARY AND CUMULATIVE IMPACTS 2.15.1 Potential Secondary Impacts Urban development will proceed in Kailua-Kona regardless of the widening of Kuakini Highway. While widening Kuakini Highway would help improve the regional roadway network, factors affecting development such as demand, property prices and disposable income levels are likely to have a far greater effect on development pressures. Given the factors above and the March 2013 Page 2-65 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment coverage of the existing roadway network, this roadway widening is not constraining proposed development, and proceeding with the project would have only a minor effect on overall development trends in Kailua-Kona. Therefore, the proposed project would not induce secondary land uses. In addition to the direct impacts of eliminating unlawful on-street parking, lack of parking may have secondary impacts on some commercial shopping areas/and or other properties along and near Kuakini Highway. More vehicles may be parked in those areas because of the high demand for parking in the area. Private parking in the area may experience more demand, and possibly unauthorized use, due to the removal of the unlawful street parking. DPW does not anticipate additional secondary impacts that would otherwise not occur. This project is intended to be a proactive planning effort to address transportation infrastructure needs created by continued growth in Kailua-Kona. 2.15.2 Potential Cumulative Impacts This project would not result in commitments to implement other projects. The Ali`i Highway project is proceeding concurrently, regardless of the proposed Kuakini Highway widening. The proposed project also would not result in cumulative effects on the environment. Kuakini Highway is an existing piece of the transportation network, and its widening has been planned and anticipated by the community. The Kuakini Highway corridor will become gradually more urbanized, but development in the Kailua-Kona region is reflected in existing planning documents and County zoning. Transportation improvements are needed to help address existing traffic congestion and future travel demand in the region. As regional development progresses, historic properties, including burials, are likely to continue to be discovered throughout the Kailua-Kona area. Although the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project may contribute to the discovery and disturbance of such historic properties, DPW commits to the appropriate treatment and mitigation of such impacts, as addressed in Section 2.11. March 2013 Page 2-66 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment CHAPTER 3 COMMENTS AND COORDINATION 3.1 AGENCY AND STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION 3.1 .1 Pre-Assessment Consultation The agencies, organizations, and landowners listed in Table 3-1 were contacted by letter (see Appendix A) and asked if they were aware of any environmental or social issue associated with the proposed project, or if they had any such concerns. The table also indicates with an asterisk (*) those parties that responded to the request for comments. Copies of the responses are also provided in Appendix A. Section 3.1.3 provides a brief summary of these and other comments received during the preparation of this Draft EA. An acknowledgement letter or postcard was sent to all responding parties on January 30, 2006. Table 3-1: Pre-Assessment Consultation List Other Date of Consultation Agency Response* Conducted FEDERAL Federal Emergency Management Agency, Hazard Identification Branch U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) 11/1/05 See Section 3.2.3 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation 11/9/05 Service (NRCS) U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) 11/4/05 See Section 3.2.2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Pacific Islands Contact Office STATE Department of Accounting and General Services (DAGS) Department of Agriculture Department of Business, Economic Development&Tourism Office of Planning Office of Planning, Hawaii CZM Program Department of Defense Department of Education (DOE) Department of Health (HDOH) Clean Water Branch 11/4/05 Environmental Health Administration Environmental Management Division Noise Radiation and Indoor Air Quality Solid and Hazardous Waste Section 11/17/05 Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) Division of Forestry and Wildlife 11/3/05 See Section 3.2.2 State Historic Preservation Division See Section 3.2.1 Department of Transportation Office of Environmental Quality Control Office of Hawaiian Affairs 11/30/05 University of Hawaii Environmental Center March 2013 Page 3-1 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Other Date of Consultation Agency Response* Conducted Water Resources Research Center COUNTY OF HAWAVI Bicycle/ Pedestrian Safety Committee Civil Defense Agency Department of Environmental Management 11/3/05 Department of Parks and Recreation Department of Parks Maintenance Department of Water Supply 11/3/05 Hawaii Fire Department 11/23/05 Hawaii Police Department 11/10/05 Mass Transit Agency Office of Housing and Community Development Office of the Mayor Planning Department UTILITIES The Gas Company Hawaiian Telcom 1/9/06 (phone and email) Hawaii Electric Light Company 11/1/05 12/30/06 (email) Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. (HEI) Oceanic Time Warner Cable 1/10/06 (phone and email) ELECTED OFFICIALS Councilmember K. Angel Pilago Councilmember Virginia Isbell The Honorable Congressman Ed Case (2 District) The Honorable Senator Daniel Akaka 12/6/05 The Honorable Senator Daniel Inouye OTHER ORGANIZATIONS American Lung Association of Hawaii Big Island Visitors Bureau Daughters of Hawaii Hawaii Audubon Society Hawaii Bicycle League Hawaii Cycling Club 11/10/05 Hawaii Grotto of the NSS Hawaii Hotel Association Hawaii Island Community Development Corporation Hawaii Island Economic Development Board Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference Hawaii Speleological Survey 11/12/05 Historic Hawaii Foundation Kailua-Kona Chamber of Commerce Kailua Village Design Commission Kailua Village Improvement Association Ka Lahui Hawaii Kona Board of Realtors Kona Community Safety Lane Kona Hawaiian Civic Club Kona-Kohala Chamber of Commerce March 2013 Page 3-2 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Other Date of Consultation Agency Response* Conducted Kona Outdoor Circle Kona Soil and Water Conservation District Kona Traffic Safety Committee Laniakea Foundation Na Ala Hele Big Island Council Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation PATH - Peoples Advocacy for Trails Hawaii Plan to Protect Kona Pulama la Kona Heritage Preservation Council Sierra Club Hawaii Chapter West Hawaii Committee Note: Dates of any written correspondence and/or verbal comments received. The column "Other Consultation Conducted" in Table 3-1 notes coordination and consultation conducted beyond the initial pre-assessment consultation phase. For example, project subconsultants MK Engineers consulted utility agencies and found that in some cases the pre- assessment consultation information had not reached the appropriate staff. Some also expressed disappointment that they had not been informed of this Phase 2 earlier, which would have influenced design details related to utility re-design for the Phase 1 portion. Preliminary information about the proposed project was exchanged with these utilities about Phase 2, but additional coordination meetings would be necessary during the design phase of this project. Additional consultation efforts, particularly those concerning regulatory matters, are described in Section 3.2. 3.1 .2 Public Meeting #1 A public information meeting for the general public was held on November 16, 2005, at Kahakai Elementary School in Kailua-Kona. Newspaper advertisements were published in three papers: Hawaii Tribune-Herald (November 13 and 15, 2005), West Hawaii Today (November 13 and 15, 2005), and Hawaii Island Journal (November 16, 2005). Using direct mail, and in some cases hand-delivery, an attempt was made to reach all property owners and occupants/residents who abut Kuakini Highway within the proposed project limits. All residents of Kona Hillcrest subdivision were included in this distribution because this subdivision's only exit is via Onioni Street onto Kuakini Highway. A sample copy of the letter mailed to owners and occupants is included in Appendix A. The project team developed one mailing list of approximately 730 individuals from property ownership and/or County tax records. Where the property address did not match the owner's mailing address, a second list was developed assuming that the property may be occupied by non-owners (e.g. rental property). For such parcels, notices were also mailed to the physical street address of the property to reach the current occupant. Around 525 entries were on this second mailing list, although several letters were returned as undeliverable. An additional 60 notices were mailed to Hawaii Affordable Properties to be distributed to residents of Kama`aina Hale, which Hawaii Affordable Properties manages. At the public meeting, the project team made a brief presentation to the public, distributed preliminary information sheets about the project, and solicited public comments, both orally and March 2013 Page 3-3 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment in writing. Comments received both during and after the public meeting were incorporated into this EA. The following section briefly summarizes these comments. 3.1 .3 Summary of Agency and Public Comments A limited number of comments were received in response to the pre-assessment consultation and notice of public meeting. Fifteen written responses were received from agencies, including regulatory correspondence, four of which contained no substantive comments. Nineteen written comments were received from members of the public or community organizations and businesses; six individuals also made oral comments at the public meeting, one of whom also submitted written comments. Comments received fell into the following general categories: • purpose and need for the project, including observations about traffic conditions and coordination with Ali`i Highway; • suggestions of additional project alternatives to consider; • project design, phasing/scheduling, and implementation; • recommendations for agency coordination, possible permits, and/or outreach; and • potential environmental impacts — predominantly visual impact concerns. Questions of whether this project should be a priority use of County funds are addressed in the purpose and need discussion in Section 1.2 of this EA. Alternatives suggested were incorporated into Sections 1.4 and 1.5 of this EA. Project phasing and scheduling is outlined in Sections 1.4.2 and 1.6.2.3. Agency coordination is documented in the earlier part of this chapter (Section 3.1) and in Appendix A. 3.1 .4 Other Outreach Efforts On May 2, 2006, DPW and its consultants attended a meeting called by the State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) to address inadvertent finds of burials in the roadway ROW of Kuakini Highway. The discoveries were made during work by the County's Department of Water Supply (DWS) to install a new 16-inch line. DPW attended this meeting at the invitation of SHPD with the intent of gathering information about burials in the project area. DPW did not participate in the decision-making process to determine the appropriate handling of these burials. See Section 2.11 for a discussion of burials, as well as historic properties. After completion of the Cultural Impact Assessment (CIA), additional individuals identifying themselves as lineal descendents of the project area were added to the project mailing list to receive a copy of the Draft EA, including the CIA. 3.2 REGULATORY COORDINATION Since the project would require compliance with specific environmental laws and regulations, additional coordination and consultation was conducted as described below. Appendix A contains copies of relevant correspondence. March 2013 Page 3-4 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 3.2.1 Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and Hawaii Revised Statutes Section 6E-8 Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act requires that actions that are federally funded, authorized or carried out take into account the effect of such actions on any district, site, building, structure or object that is included in or eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Hawaii Revised Statutes Section 6E-8 is the State's law protecting historic resources. The following consultation and coordination activities were conducted on behalf of the project. • State Historic Preservation Officer/ Division (SHPO/SHPD): - October 27, 2005, pre-assessment consultation and Section 106 initiation letter from DPW to SHPO. - November 16, 2005, meeting with SHPD staff to describe the undertaking and discuss potential adverse effects. - January 26, 2006, phone conversation with Ms. Anne Maigret, regarding guidance on selecting the appropriate Area of Potential Effect (APE). - April 3, 2007, Section 106/Section 6E-8 effect determination letter from FHWA to SHPO. - October 9, 2007, SHPD provided comments and requests regarding the effect determination, the Archaeological Inventory Survey (AIS) report and the CIA report. - April 29, 2009, FHWA responded to the SHPD comments and provided revised AIS and CIA reports. - June 24, 2009, SHPD responded that there were still a few outstanding issues before they could concur with the no effect determination. • Mr. Keola Lindsey of DLNR's Burials Program was also consulted numerous times in the context of identifying or reaching cultural informants, and also coordinating the presentation to the HIBC. • Native Hawaiian Organizations and other stakeholders: - December 20, 2005, letter informing the following Native Hawaiian organizations and other potential stakeholders of project details and requesting relevant coordination and comments on historic properties: o Hawai`i Island Burial Council (HIBC) o Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) o Daughters of Hawaii o Historic Hawaii Foundation o Historic Kealakowaa Heiau Preservation Council o Hui Malama I Na Kupuna O Hawai`i Nei o Ka Lahui Hawaii o Kona Hawaiian Civic Club o Laniakea Foundation (sent August 31, 2006, due to difficulty determining contact information) - December 27, 2005, phone message from Ms. Jo-Anne Kahanamoku- Sterling to PB offering assistance, and acknowledgement email from PB. March 2013 Page 3-5 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment - January 10, 2006, letter from OHA, suggesting consultation with OHA's Kailua-Kona representative, and requesting assurance of appropriate action in the case a burial is discovered. Ms. Ruby McDonald was notified of the public meeting in November 2005, contacted multiple times during the preparation of the cultural impact assessment (CIA), and is a named cultural informant in the CIA. It should also be noted that an informational presentation was made to the HIBC on January 18, 2006, and a request made to its members to provide any additional pertinent information. This presentation was not deemed part of Section 106 consultation by the HIBC. Meeting minutes from this presentation are available on the SHPD website. Native Hawaiian Organizations that have expressed interested in this project or have otherwise responded to earlier communications have been added to the project mailing list and will receive a copy of this Draft EA. Those organizations include HIBC, OHA, Historic Kealakowaa Heiau Preservation Council, and Kona Hawaiian Civic Club. 3.2.2 Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act and Chapter 195D of the Hawaii Revised Statutes This law requires that actions that are federally funded, authorized or carried out be done in a manner that would not jeopardize the continued existence of any plant or animal species listed as threatened or endangered, or destroy or adversely modify any designated critical habitat. The following consultation and coordination activities were conducted on behalf of the project: • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) - October 27, 2005, pre-assessment consultation and Section 7 coordination letter from PB to the Service requesting a species list for the project area. - November 4, 2005, USFWS reply to PB that there is no designated critical habitat in the area. Hawaiian hoary bat and Loulu palm tree do occur, but there are no records of the endangered Hawaiian dark-rumped petrel or the threatened Newell's shearwater (Puffinus newelli) within 1/3-mile of the project area. • State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife (DLNR-DOFAW) - October 27, 2005, pre-assessment consultation and Chapter 195D coordination letter from PB to DOFAW. - November 3, 2005, DOFAW reply to PB that it is doubtful the project would encounter endangered species. 3.2.3 Section 404 of the Clean Water Act Section 404 of the Clean Water Act prohibits the discharge of dredged materials into the waters of the U.S., which include non-navigable streams, wetlands and mudflats, unless the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) provides a permit. The following consultation and coordination activities were conducted on behalf of the project. • October 27, 2005, pre-assessment consultation letter from PB to USACE. March 2013 Page 3-6 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment • November 1, 2005, comment letter from USACE to PB stating USACE is unable to issue a final determination on the need for a Department of Army Permit. Requested a copy of the Draft EA and design drawings for review. 3.2.4 Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act of 1966 As stated in the Section 4(f) Evaluation in Section 2.13 of this EA, this regulation permits transportation projects to "use" land from a significant publicly-owned public park, recreation area, wildlife and waterfowl refuge, or a historic site only when the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has determined that: • There is no feasible and prudent alternative to such use; and • The project includes all possible planning to minimize harm to the property resulting from such use. The FHWA believes that the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project would have a de minimus impact on the County-owned "Kailua Playground", a facility with tennis and basketball courts, and a comfort station. For more detail on the facility and anticipated impacts, see Section 2.12. On October 16, 2006, a letter was sent to the County of Hawaii Department of Parks and Recreation to solicit their assessment of the project's impacts on the playground. Upon the release of this Draft EA no response from the Department of Parks and Recreation had been received. FHWA will continue to seek input from the Department of Parks and Recreation and complete the Section 4(f) process. 3.3 FUTURE PUBLIC OUTREACH A public meeting will be held during the Draft EA review period. Additional public meetings would be held by DPW as the project proceeds through construction. Public meetings would be advertised in local newspapers. March 2013 Page 3-7 This page intentionally left blank Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment CHAPTER 4 ANTICIPATED FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT As the proposing agency, DPW anticipates rendering a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) for the proposed project in accordance with the Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) Chapter 343 HRS and Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR), Sections 11-200-9 and 11-200-11.2. This assessment is based on an evaluation of project impacts in relation to the "Significance Criteria" specified in HAIR 11-200-12(b). The Significance Criteria appear below in italics, followed by a discussion of the project in relation to the specific criterion. The nature of the project's potential impacts is discussed in detail in Chapter 2. 1. Involves an irrevocable commitment to loss or destruction of any natural or cultural resource — The proposed project would cause minor loss or destruction of a natural or cultural resource. Several historic and/or cultural properties are found in the project area. The project is being designed to avoid such resources to the extent possible. Unavoidable destruction of minor historic properties, such as rock walls, would occur and those impacts would be mitigated to the extent necessary based on coordination and agreements with representative agencies, such as SHPD. Significant historic properties within the APE would be treated and protected per the mitigation measures stated in Section 2.11 and no adverse affect to any significant historic resources is anticipated. The area that would be directly affected by construction does not contain important plants and animals. The project would only affect plants and animals that are common and found throughout the region, island, and State. 2. Curtails the beneficial uses of the environment — The project would not curtail beneficial uses of the environment, because it would have minimal impact beyond the existing roadway ROW. Short-term construction-phase traffic impacts would be minimized by the implementation of a traffic management plan. 3. Conflicts with the State's long-term environmental policies or goals and guidelines expressed in Chapter 344, HRS, and any revisions thereof and amendments thereto, court decisions, or executive orders — The proposed project is consistent with the environmental goals and objectives of the State of Hawaii, as demonstrated in this chapter and in Chapter 2. 4. Substantially affects the economic or social welfare of the community or State — The proposed project would support and enhance the island's economy by contributing to regional improvements in the transportation network and helping to address congestion. Pedestrian and bicycle facilities proposed would help make Kailua-Kona a more walkable and livable community. 5. Substantially affects public health — The proposed project would not adversely affect public health. On the contrary, it would benefit public health by improving roadway drainage conditions, improving air quality along the project alignment relative to the No Build Alternative, providing bicycling and pedestrian facilities for a more livable community, and reducing traffic congestion in the Kuakini Highway travel corridor. 6. Involves substantial secondary impacts — The proposed project is not expected to cause secondary impacts because urban development is proceeding in the project area and in the greater Kailua-Kona area. These developments are anticipated to occur regardless of the widening of Kuakini Highway. Therefore, the proposed project would not induce secondary land uses, nor would it result in related secondary impacts that would otherwise not occur. Therefore, this project March 2013 Page 4-1 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment represents a proactive planning practice by providing necessary transportation infrastructure in an area slated for growth and development. 7. Involves substantial degradation of environmental quality — The proposed project would not result in a substantial degradation of environmental quality. The project would not result in adverse environmental conditions, as demonstrated in Chapter 2. In some cases, such as air quality and visual impacts, improvements are in fact anticipated. Moreover, most of the project footprint is already designated as roadway ROW. 8. Is individually limited but cumulatively has considerable effect upon the environment or involves a commitment for larger actions— The proposed project would not create a commitment for other actions by DPW or other agencies. The proposed project is a complete, independent project, with logical termini, and would not result in commitments for other roadway projects, nor result in cumulative, considerable effect on the environment. Development in the Kailua-Kona region is reflected in existing planning documents and County zoning. The Ali`i Highway project would proceed regardless of the proposed Kuakini Highway widening. Transportation improvements are needed to address existing traffic congestion and future travel demand. 9. Substantially affects a rare, threatened or endangered species,or its habitat — It is anticipated that no rare, threatened or endangered plant or animal species would be substantially affected by the proposed action. No critical habitat for protected species was found in the project area. Coordination and consultation with resource agencies, including an informal consultation with the USFWS in accordance with Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, indicates that little or no interactions with protected species would occur. As a precaution, mitigation measures such as protective street lighting would be implemented to avoid adverse effects to species such as Newell's shearwater and the Hawaiian dark-rumped petrel. 10. Detrimentally affects air or water quality or ambient noise levels — The proposed project would not detrimentally affect air or water quality or noise levels. The project would comply with State of Hawaii and federal environmental regulations and standards. Not only would the project cause no violations of State or National Ambient Air Quality Standards, it would improve air quality along the project alignment. BMPs would be incorporated into project designs, in order to minimize water quality impacts from roadway runoff. No adverse noise impacts are anticipated as a result of mitigation measures proposed by the project. 11.Affects or is likely to suffer damage by being located in an environmentally sensitive area such as a floodplain, tsunami zone, beach, erosion-prone area, geologically hazardous land, estuary, fresh water, or coastal waters—The proposed project is not located in an environmentally sensitive area. 12. Substantially affects scenic vistas and viewplanes identified in county or state plans or studies — It is anticipated that the proposed project would not significantly affect any existing scenic views, nor obstruct such views. Proposed roadway improvements would be predominantly at ground level, and removal/minimization of the number of utilities poles along the roadway corridor is planned. The proposed roadway profile is similar to Phase 1 of Kuakini Highway widening between Palani Road and Hualalai Road, which was designed in close coordination with the community. March 2013 Page 4-2 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment 13. Requires substantial energy consumption — The project would not result in substantial energy consumption. While there would be short-term construction- phase energy consumption, it would be offset by the anticipated long-term benefits as vehicular traffic is able to travel more efficiently on Kuakini Highway and on the regional transportation network. March 2013 Page 4-3 This page intentionally left blank Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES Associated Press, "Businesses push Kailua-Kona face lift," by Karin Stanton, as reported in Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Feb. 13, 2006. County of Hawaii, Department of Planning, Mapping Kona's Future, Kona Community Development Plan, September 25, 2008. County of Hawaii, Hawaii County General Plan, February 2005. County of Hawaii Department of Public Works, Lako Street Extension, Holualoa 3 and 4, North Kona, Hawaii, TMK: 7-07-04, Final Environmental Assessment, prepared by Hilo Engineering, Inc. April 2004. County of Hawaii Department of Water Supply, Kuakini Highway 16-Inch Waterline Improvements, DWS Job No. 2003-821, District of North Kona, Island of Hawaii, State of Hawaii, Final Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact, prepared by Inaba Engineering, Inc. October 2004. County of Hawaii, Department of Public Works, Final Kahului to Kaeuhou Parkway Development Environmental Impact Statement Re-Evaluation, Kahului to Keauhou, Island of Hawaii. September 7, 2001. County of Hawaii, Department of Public Works, Ali`i Highway Development, Kailua to Keahou, Island of Hawaii, Environmental Impact Statement Re-Evaluation, Prepared by R.M. Towill Corporation, May 1996. County of Hawaii, Department of Planning, Master Plan for Kailua-Kona, April 1994. County of Hawaii, Department of Public Works, Keahole to Kailua Development Plan, North Kona, Island of Hawaii. Prepared by R.M. Towill Corporation, April 1991. Cultural Surveys Hawaii, Inc. Archaeological Site Assessment for the Proposed Keopu- Hienaloli Streams Flood Control Project Keopu 3rd, Honua`ula, Hienaloli 1s' and 2nd Ahupua`a, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii. Prepared for Oceanit. June 2005. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Flood Insurance Rate Map, Community-Panel 1551660713D, revised May 16, 1994. Geolabs, Inc. Preliminary Geotechnical Engineering Study, Kuakini Highway Widening (Hualalai Road to Ali`i Highway), Kailua-Kona, Island of Hawaii, January 27, 2006. Gima, Craig, Honolulu Star-Bulletin, "Big Isle leads state in populace growth", April 15, 2005. Group 70 International, Inc. Change of Zone Application for the Proposed 62 Acre Hualalai Village Condominium and Pacific Island Cultural Center Development at Kailua-Kona, Island Hawaii. Prepared for University of the Nations Bencorp. September 2003. MK Engineers, Ltd. Kuakini Highway Improvements, Hualalai Road to Ali`i Highway, Electrical Evaluation and Report (Draft#1), January 27, 2006. Nishimura, Brian T. Planning Consultant. Final Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact, Hualalai Elderly Housing Project — Phase II, Kailua, North Kona, March 2013 Page 5-1 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment Hawaii, TMK: (3) 7-5-10: por. of 7. Approving Agency: County of Hawaii Office of Housing and Community Development. September 2000. Nishimura, Brian T. Planning Consultant. Final Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact, Hualalai Elderly Housing Project — Phase III, Auhaukeae 2nd, North Kona, Hawaii. Prepared for Hawaii Island Community Development Corporation. May 2005. Prasad, Usha. Social Research Pacific, Inc. Draft Report, A Cultural Impact Assessment Study for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2, Hualalai Road to Ali`i Highway, Kailua Kona, Island of Hawaii, April 2006. Prudential Orchid Isle Properties. <http://www.realestateHawai`i.com/maps data/rainfall temp.htm> Rasmussen, Coral. International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc. Final Report, Archaeological Inventory Survey for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2, Hualalai Road to Ali`i Highway, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. TMK: 7-5-8, 9, 10, 17, 18, 19, and 30 (POR.), July 2008. State of Hawaii, Hawaii Revised Statutes, as amended. State of Hawaii Department of Transportation, Bike Plan Hawaii, A State of Hawaii Master Plan, Revised September 2003. State of Hawaii Department of Transportation, Hawaii Long Range Land Transportation Plan — Final Report. Prepared in cooperation with County of Hawaii Department of Public Works and County of Hawaii Planning Department by Frederic R. Harris, Inc. May 1998. United States of America, Code of Federal Regulations, as amended. U.S. Census Bureau, Summary Files 1 (SF 1) and 3 (SF 3). 2000. American Factfinder <http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DatasetMainPageServlet?>. Accessed October 2005 and March 2011. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service in Cooperation with the University of Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station, Soil Survey of Island of Hawaii, Sate of Hawaii, December 1973. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Islands Water Science Center, http://hi.water.usgs.gov U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Volcanic and Seismic Hazards of the Island of Hawaii, 1991. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Section 4(f) Policy Paper, September 24, 1987 (revised June 7, 1989). U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Construction Noise: Measurement, Prediction, and Mitigation, 1976. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration; State of Hawaii Department of Transportation, Highways Division; County of Hawaii, Department of Public Works. Kuakini Highway Improvements Between Palani and Hualalai Roads, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii County, Hawaii, Final Environmental Assessment, April 1998. March 2013 Page 5-2 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment University of Hawaii at Hilo, Department of Geography, Atlas of Hawaii, Third Edition, 1998. Yoshida, Layne. Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2, Kailua-Kona, Botanical Report, January 4, 2006. March 2013 Page 5-3 This page intentionally left blank Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment APPENDIX A CORRESPONDENCE March 2013 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment APPENDIX A-1 PRE-ASSESSMENT CONSULTATION LETTER March 2013 I °3 g _= R al Poi dana .a o October 27,2005 Name o Address Papaia a'? Address City,State Zipcode �� s Subject: Proposed Kuakini Highway Improvements Project Phase 2 Kailua-Kona,Island of Hawaii,Hawaii;Pre-Assessment Consultation 'e Dear Mr./Ms.(name): c as E The County of Hawaii Department of Public Works(DPW),in cooperation with the U.S.Federal Highway PbA x i e Administration,proposes to widen the existing Kuakini Highway,between Hualalai Road and the future intersection with the proposed Alii Highway(see enclosed map). DPW proposes the wideningto increase - -----__------- - a - la F°• roadway capacity in the Kailua to Keauhou corridor. A " Y Under the proposal,Kuakini Highway would be widened from its existing two-lane configuration to four _ lanes. Improvements may require construction of retaining walls,some cutting and filling of slopes, and/or the possibility of additional right-of way acquisition. Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade&Douglas,Inc.(PB)has been contracted to assist DPW in preparing an v mnd's,�oi o n environmental assessment(EA)for this project. If you have knowledge of any environmental or social issues associated with this project,or concerns about the project, we would very much appreciate a� receiving such information from you within 30 days of the date of this letter. r Please send any comments you may have in writing to the address listed above,to my attention. If you have any questions,I can be reached at(808)531-7094. a'c This letter also serves as a notice of a public information meeting for the subject project on November 16, ny-�?V�oe o n_ 2005,from 6:30 pm to 8:00 pm,at Kahakai Elementary School cafeteria,at 76-147 Royal Poinciana Drive, N a 3 Kailua-Kona. Representatives from DPW will be present to share information,answer questions,and _ ----_ receive public comments. For more details on the meeting,or If you require special accommodations or auxiliary aid/services to tnA participate in this meeting,(i.e.sign language interpreter,large print),please contact Mr.Kiran Emler of the DPW Kailua-Kona office at(808)327-3530. Sincerely yours, PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF QUADE&DOUGLAS,INC. i _ Ma'w'anio arani s1. x Nenr Sr. Nami Ohtomo - Environmental Planner Attachment: Project location map ry 3 A-1 M2 1-1c,David E.Anderson,District Engineer Mr.Lawrence T.Yamamoto Me Grace Simmons Ms.Chryome Fulkno,M.D. AUM Mr.George Young,Chief,Regulatory Branch State Conservationist Department of Health Director U.S.Army Corps of Engineers U.S.Department of Agriculture Hazardous Waste Section Department of Haiti Regulatory Branch Natural Resources Conservation Service P.C.Box 3378 1250 Punchbowl St Pacific Ocean Division,Building 230 RD Box 50004 Honolulu HI 96801 Honolulu HI 96813 Fort Shatter III 96B58-5440 Honolulu HI 96850 Mir,Gordon Tribble Mr.Dean Higuchl Mr.Russet S.Takata District Chief Mr.Peter Young Public Relations Program Manager Director U.S,Department of Interior U.S.Environmental Protection Agency Department of Health Department of Land and Natural Resources USGS Water Resources D'Vid Pacific Islands Contact Office Noise Radiation and Indoor Air Quality 677 Ale Means Blvd.,Suite 415alartmoku Bldg.,1151 Punchbowl St.Room 130 800 Ala Means Boulevard Rm 5124 P.O.P,0 Box 3378 Honolulu HI 96813 Honolulu Hi 96813 Hormidu HI 96850 Honolulu HI 96801 Mr.Michael K.Buckley,P.E. Mr.Russ K.Saito Me.Genevieve Salmonsion Mr.Clyde Nernim, Chief Comptroller Director Administrator Federal Emergency Management Agency Attn:Ernest Lau,State Public Work,Administrator Office of Environmental Quality Control Office 0t Hawaiian Affairs Hazard Identification Branch,Mitigation Directorate Department of Accounting and General Serviced 235 S Bectani.Street,Spite 702 711 K Van,Blvd Suite 500 500 C Street SW 1151 Punchbowl Street Honolulu HI 96e13 Honolulu HI 96813-5249 Washington DO 20472 Honolulu HI 96813 Me,Send.Lee K-not Mr.Ted Lar Ms.Ruby MacDonald Mr.Rodney Haraga Chairperson Director Big Island CAD Director Department of Agriculture DBEDT Office of Hawaiian Affairs Department of Transportation 1428 S.King St Ore of Planning,Hawaii Coastal Zone Mgmt Program 75-5706 Hanama Pan.Suite 107 869 Punchbowl Street Honolulu HI 96814 P.O.Box 2359 Kailua-Kona HI 96740 Honolulu HI 96813-5097 Honolulu HI 96804 Ms.Locu.H.Treat Dr.John Harrison Dr.Roger Tolima Director Maj,Gen.Robert G.S.Lee Environmental Coordinator Director DBEDT Adjutant General and Director of Civil Defense University of I-divesi University of Hawaii Office of Planning Department of Defense Environmental Center Water Resources Research Center P.O.Box 2359 3949 Diamond Head Road Krauss Arm-19,2500 Dole St 2540 Dole Street Honolulu HI 96804 Honolulu HI 96816-4495 Honolulu-it 96822 Honolulu HI 96822 Me Patricia Hamamold Mr.Contra R.Lau,P.E. The Honorable Harry Kim Mr.Pete-1-dricks, Superintendent Chief Mayor Deputy Managing Director Department of Education Department of Health Office of the Mayor Of!-of the Mayor P.O.Be.2360 Clean Water Branch County of Hawaii County of Hawaii Honolulu HI 98804 919 Aa Hoene Blvd.,Rm.301 75-5706 Kuskini Hwy.4103 75-5706 luckni Hwy.0103 1-mralulk HI 96814 Kailura-Kona HI 96740 KmIua-Kona HI 96740 Mr.Laurence K.Lau,Esq, Mr,Thomas E.Anzomi,TIE,,Chief Mr Milton Re.. Mr.Edwin Taira Deputy Director Attn Barry Ching,Clean Air Branch Manager Attn.Noel Fujimoto Department of Health Department of Health Department of Water Supply Office of Housing&Community Development Environmental Heath Administrator, Environmental Management Division County at Hawaii County of Hawaii Kinau Hale P.O.Box 3378 P.O.Box 3378 345 Keku.n...St.Suite 620 50Walluku Drive Honolulu HI 96801 Honolulu HI 96801 Uric HI 96720 Hilo HI 96720 An A 4 Ms Patricia Engelhard Mr.Darryl J.Oliveira Director Fire Chief Director of Environmental Health Department of Parks And Recreation Hawaii Fire Department American Lung Arroulation of Hawaii Big Island Visitors Bureau County of Hawaii County of Hawaii 245 North K.kci Street 75-5751 K-Dr,Highway,Suite 202 25 Auponi St. 25 Arnbuni St.Room 103 Honolulu HI 96817 Kalloa-Koma HI 96740 Hilo HI 96720 Hilo It 96720 Ms.Pamela Mixture Mr.Lawrence K.Mahone Secretary/Contact Person Police Chief Ms.Fanny AuHay Bicycle/Pedestrian Safely Committee Hawaii Police Department Daughters of Hawaii Hawaii Audubon Society County of Hawaii County of Hawaii HuIhe'e Palace 850 Richards St,Ste 505 101 Paual-1 St.Suite 6 349 Katholani St. 75-571B Alh Drive Honolulu HI 96813-4709 Hilo Hi 96720 Hilo HI 96720 Kilc.-Kona HI 96740 Me,Barbara Bell Mr.Steve Monfuji Director Superintendent of Park Maintenance Department of Environmental Management Department of Parks Maintenance Hawaii Bicycle League Hawaii Cycling Club County of Hawaii County of Hawaii 3442 Walalae Ave.Suite 1 P.O.Box 3246 25 Auauni St.Room 210 35 Rai road Ave. Honolulu HI 96816 Kailua-Kona 96745 Hilo HI 96720 Hilo HI 96720 Mr.Christopher J.Yuen Mr,Tom Brown Planning Director Administrator Mr.Ric Shard Mt.Murray Twill Planning Department Mass Transit Agency Chairman President County of H...it County of Hawaii Hawaii Grotto of the NSS Hawaii Hotel Association 101 Penchi St.Suite 3 630 E.Halkaula Street P.Q.BOX 6313 2270 Keakaja Ave.#1103 Hilo HI 96723 Pile HI 96720 Ocean View HI 96737 Honolulu HI 96815 M,Troy M.Kindred The Honorable Virginia Isbell D.prnonnem Head Councilmember,District 7 Mr,Keith Kate Ms.Paula Helfrich Civil Defense Agency Hawaii County Council Hawaii Island Community Development Corporation Paula County of Hawaii County of Haw.n 99 Auguni Street,Suite 104 Hawaii Island Economic Develotement Board 920 Ululani 75-5706 Hot—Place Suite 109 Hilo H: 96720 1999 Noodle Drive HI.Hl 96720 Katua-KonaHl 96740 Hilo HI 06720 The Honorable K.Angel Plago The Honorable Ed Case Councilmermcer,District 8 Congressman,2nd District Mr H.Peter L'Orairge Hawaii County Council United States House of Representatives prooldom M,William R.Holiday Hawaii Speleological Survey County of Hawaii Congressman Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference 101 7upuni Street,4911 75-5706 Harama Place Suite 109 5104 Prince Kuhho Federal Building P.D.Box 635 Hilo HI 96720 Kallua-Konat-ii 96740 Honolulu H[96850 Kallua-Kona HI 96745-0635 The Honorable Daniel Inouye The Honorable Deus]Alkaks, Senator,State of Hawaii Senator,State of Hawaii Mr.David Scott Ms.Van,Herkes United States Senate United States Senate Director Executive Director Senate, Spooner Historic Hawaii Foundation Kallua-Kona Chamber of Commerce 722 Hart Senate Office Building 141 Hart Senate Office Building PO Be.1658 75-5737 Kuakthl Hwy Suite 207 Washington DO 20510 Washington DC 20510 Honolulu HI 96806 Kallua-Kona HI 96740 A 5 A 6 Mr,J CurnsTyl.r III Mr,James S.Greenmail Mr.Scott Seymour Chairperson b4r.Jeff Mikulina Kailu a Village lEssign Commission President President clo County of Hawaii Planning Dept Kallua Village Improvement Assocation Pulama[a Kona Hentage Preservation Doctor 11 Sierra Club Hawaii Chapter P.O.Box 2577 Aupuni Center,101 Pauahj Street,Suite 3 sm 3465 Waplae Ave Suite 260 P.O,Box 39B Honolulu HI 96803 Hit.H1 96720 Honolulu HI 96816 Captain Cook HI 96704 Ka Lamul Hawaii Ms.Jacqueline Parkinson Mr.Wayne Dahcam P.O.Box 4964 Kona Board of Beaters West Hawaii Committee Salesman 75-240 Nan!Kallua Drive#157 P.O.Box 1761 The Gas Company Hilo HI 96720 Kallua-Kona HI 96740 74-5564 Kiwi St Kallua-Kona HI 96740 Kallua-Kona HI 96740 Mr.Scott Sharpe Ms.Heiman Damad, Mr.KartHY-hirc Mr.Kevin WN no, President President Hawaiian TraCom Hawaii Bodine Light Company Kona Community Safety Lane Kona Hawaiian Civic Club 161 Kincoo St. 715519 KaW St 77-363 Sunset Drive P.O.Box 4098 Hilo HI 96720 Kallua-Kona HI 96740 Kallua-Kona HI 96740 Kallua-Kona HI 96745 Me Bev Fraser Ms,Betty Meyerson Mr.Allan Hiraysma M,Robert Molar Kona-Kchala Chamber of Commerce President Hawaiian Electric Industries,Inc.(HEI) Construction Manager 75-5737 Kuakini Hwy,Suite#208 Kona Outdoor Circle Transmission&Distribution Planning Deparment Creand Time Warner Cable Kailua-Kona HI 96740 76-6280 KLakini Hwy. P.O,Box 2750 74-56C5 Lucia St.Suite B1 Kallua-Kona HI 96740 Honolulu HI 96803 Kallua-Kona HI 96740 Mr.Phil Mocroka Mr.Joel E.Choral Chairman Chair,Public Afore Kona Soil and Water Consewation District Kona Traffic Safety Committee 81-943 Waand'Chhara Loop 4101 75-344 Nani Kallua Dr. KealakekcaHi 96750 Kallua-Kona HI 96740 Mr.MikeTomicn Ms.Mahresdari Kamauu Chair Executive Director Na Ala Note Big Island Council Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation 72-3403 Mamalahoa Highway 1164 Bishop St.Suits 1205 Kallua-Kona HI 96740 Honolulu HI 96813 Ms.Bettina Arrigon! President Mr.Duane Erway Attn:Ann C.Peterson,Executive Director rector President PATH-Peoples Advocacy for Trails Hawaii Plain to Protect Kona P.O.Box 62 74-5602-A Alarva St.Suite 725 Kallua-Kona HI 96745 Kailua-KonaHl 96740 A7 AS Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment APPENDIX A-2 COMMENTS RESPONDING TO PRE-ASSESSMENT CONSULTATION LETTER March 2013 ,-OBRCS U,ftea Sast-Dp,dmwt f Agr—faae Natuml R....C,es oeU,service P.C.He,60004 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Honolulu,HI 96850 D E._y ENGINEER DISTRICT.HONOLULU 808-641-2600 ST aDeona,.—RI-- Our POcpe-Ourble,de.-M H—y November 1,2005 November 9,2005 Regulatory Branch File No.POYI-2005-599 Ms.Nand Ohtomo,Environmental Planner Parson Brickerhoff Quade&Douglas,Inc. NOV 5 2n American Savings Bank Tower 1ANS N Nis.Narm Ohtomo S SIM Persons Brinkerhoff Quarle&Douglas,Inc C 1001 Bishop Street,Suite 2400 .014 LULU A As Honolulu,Hawaii 96813 American Savings Bank Tower 1001 Bishop Street,Suite 2400 NON 1 Honolulu,Hawaii 96813 Subject: Review of Proposed Kuadni Highway Improvements Phase 2 mmoNs BAIN PfF Dear Ms.Chrome: FMH-00N0LULU.7.X-jA1Efi,`I.' Dear Ms. Ohtomo, This responds to your request(letter dated October 27,2005)for comments for preparation of Draft Environmental Assessment(DEA)for widening of the existing We have reviewed the above mentioned document and have no comment at this time, Kuakird Highway between Hualdai Road and the future intersection of the proposed AIR Highway,Kailm-Kona,North Kona,Hawaii Island,Hawaii.We have reviewed the Thank you for the opportunity to comment. information you submitted with respect to the Corps'authority to issue Department of the Amy(DA)permits pursuant to Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899(33 USC 403)and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act(33 USC 1344). Sincerely, Based on the preliminary information you provided,we are unable to reach a conclusive determination whether a DA permit would be required.It appears the project would not involve any discharge of dredge or fill material into waters of the United YAMAMOtT States,including wetlands;however,additional information will be required to issue a C final determination.Please send us,a copy of the DEA and design drawings For our q1t.1. of lt`-rn�,It fee In."too , t review. Pacific Area If you have any questions,please contact Ms.Lostane Silva by phone at 808-468- 7023,by fax at 808-439-0460,or by electronic mail atkai ioene.L.S&o oce.area mil @ s.0-----y— and reference the above file number regarding this project in future Correspondence. Sincerely, George P.Young,P.E. Chief,Regulatory Branch The Natural Has—Ck,—Nafion Service C,Vde,leeSeship In R partnership effort to has people —1-1,.nd improve our ret—I Se,—TS,-d--cel, An Saco OpIevreefty POA-r..Employer DANIEL K.AKAKA - coun�iTrzfs XP11A ARMED SERVICES ( ENERNYANDNATURA-RESOURCES ;r.� "t- A nitt (Z' ` ('ma HOMESINDSECURTYANO ONNDANLCNG E i 1S 5 CNDIRCcTJa OfK 0 M..D rve.rzD2l azaeaDDu j,[j, OrA' l 01�'0' GOVERNMENTAi AFFA RS rii iNASHINGTON,DC 20510-1103 I.D.A.AFFgiRS r,/�.+ _ VETERAN5 AFFAIflS ' ' m^. SELECT COM-ON ETHICS ie.=n�`"iab3i nDrD December 6,2005 STATE 6F HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH o-enarcv<%"" ') IS 11 l/ LS NDN6LU......... '.,."!B Ms.Nand Ohtomo 11012PKP.05 Environmental Plarmer �E�f 2 :.�jj Parsons Brinckeroff Quade&Douglas,Inc. November 4,2005 1001 Bishop Street,4.2400 FAASONS nAot A"'c" � American Savings Bank Tower MONOLUIU,HhWAIi g Ms Nami Chrome Honolulu,HI 96813 Environmental Planner "'7 2W5 Parsons Brinckerlmff Quade Dear Ms.Ohtomo: &Douglas,Inc. Moo $U1LtaNiCKEAMOFF 1001 Bishop Street,Suite 2400 HAwnn Thank you for contacting me regarding the Kuakihi Highway Improvements Project. Honolulu,Hawaii 96813 I appreciate receiving this information.Again,mahalo for contacting me.. Dear Ms.Ohtomo: Aloha porcelains, Subject~ Proposed Kuakini Highway Improvements,Phase 2 Cy� Kailua-Kona,Hawaii DANIE?I.K.ARAKA The Department of Health(DOH),Clean Water Branch(CWB),acknowledges receipt of the B US.Senator subject document,dated October 27,2005.The CW has reviewed the limited information contained in the subject document and offers the following comments: I. The Army Corps of Engineers should be contacted at(808)438-9258 for this project Pursuant to Federal Water Pollution Control Act(commonly known as the"Clean Water Act"(CWA)Puagraph 40l(a)(1),a Section 4OI Water Quality Certification(WQC)is required for`rajny applicant for Federal license or permit to conduct any activity including, but not limited to,the construction or operation of facilities,which may result in any discharge into the navigable waters.,:'(emphasis added).The term"discharge"is defined in 1 i CWA,Subsections 502(16),502(12),and 502(6);Title 40,Code ofFederal Regulations (CFR),Section 122.2;and Hawaii Administrative Rules(HAR),Chapter I1-54. 2. In accordance with HAP,Sections 11-55-04 and 11-55-34.05,the Director of Health may require the submittal of an individual permit application or a Notice of Intent(NOI)for general permit coverage authorized under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System(NPDES). a. An application for an NPDES individual permit is to be submitted at least 180 days jbefore the commencement of the respective activities.The NPDES application forms may also be picked up at our office or downloaded from our website at into: hawaii,aov/hmlth/environmental!vater/oleanwate/forms/i idiv-index litm]. aRINTEO A 11eveL[o eAeFi1 A-12 Ms.Narni Chrome Ms.Nami Ohtomo November 4,2005 November 4,2005 Page 2 Page 3 b. An NOI to be covered by an NPDES general permit is to be submitted at least 30 days 3. Io accordance with BAR,Section 11-55-38,the applicant for an NPDES permit is required to before the commencement of the respective activity.A separate NOI is needed for either submit a copy of the new,NOT or NPDES permit application to the State Department of coverage under each NPDES general permit.The NOI forms may be picked up at our Land and Natural Resources;State Historic Preservation Division(SI-IPD),or demonstrate to office or downloaded from our website at: the satisfaction of the DOH that the project,activity,or site covered by the NOI or htt:// w .hawail.ovthealth(environmentaUwater/cleanwaterlfo=s!enl-index.hml. application has been or is being reviewed by SHED.If applicable,please submit a copy of he request for review by SHPD or SIIPD's determination letter for the project. i. Storm water associated with industrial activities,as defined in Title 40,CFR, Sections 122.26(b)(14)(i)through 122.26(b)(14)(ix)and 122.26(b)(14)(xi). 4. Any discharges related to project construction or operation activities,will)or without a [HAP,Chapter 11-55,Appendix B] Section 401 WQC or NPDES permit coverage,shall comply with the applicable State Water Quality Standards as specified in IIAR,Chapter 11-54. ii. Construction activities,including clearing,grading,and excavation,that result in the disturbance of equal to or greater than one(1)acre of total land area.The total land The Hawaii Revised Statutes,Subsection 342D-50(a),requires that"[n]o person,including any area includes a contiguous area where multiple separate and distinct construction public body,shall discharge any water pollutants into state waters,or cause or allow any water activities may be taking place at different times on different schedules under a larger pollutant to enter state waters except in compliance with this chapter,rules adopted pursuant to common plan of development or sale.An NPDES permit is required before the this Chapter,or a permit or variance issued by the director." 4 commencement of the construction activities. [HAR,Chapter 11-55,Appendix Cl If you have any questions,please contact Mr.Alec Wong,Supervisor oftha Engineering Section, CWB,at 586-4309. hi. Discharges of treated affluent from leaking underground storage tank remedial activities. [HAR,Chapter 11-55,Appendix D] Sincerely, iv. Discharges of once though cooling water less than one(1)million gallons per day. [HAR,Chapter 1155,Appendix E] vNI5 R.LAL,P.E., HIEF v. Discharges of hydrotesting water.[HAR,Chapter 11-55,Appendix F] Clean Water 73much` vi. Discharges of construction dewatering effluent.[HAR;Chapter I 1-55,Appendix a] KPum vii. Discharges of treated effluent from petroleum bulk stations and terminals. [HAR,Chapter 11-55,Appendix H] viii.Discharges of treated effluent from well drilling activities. [HAR, Chapter 11-55,Appendix 1] ix. Discharges of treated effluent from recycled water distribution systems. - [IIAR,Chapter 11-55,Appendix J] x. Discharges of storm water from a small municipal separate storm sewer system. [HAR,Chapter 11-55,Appendix K] xi. Discharges of circulation water from decorative ponds or tanks. [HAR, Chapter I 1-55,Appendix L] A-13 A-14 I omsreuwa.xnw,a �, p1'"""°FALN PHONE(808)59M1888 . �. FAX(608)5911865 STATE OF HAWAII .\\\ DEPARTcs 1 HEALTH .*''a frl E C E I W E P e.80XHac FM+IHrts k: VOEC ,IJj�sstara STATE OF HAWAI'IOFFICE OF HAWAIIAN AFFAIRS711 KAPPOLANI BOULEVARD,SUITE 500November 17,2005 S1117LO HONOLULU,HAWA1196813LU,HAWAiI NamiHILD0512111 En roam Ohl me I° O C D Environmental Planner U Parsons B:nckerboff Quads&Douglas,Inc. 1001 Bishop St.,Suite 24004(� November 30,2005 Honolulu,HI 96813 Dear Ms.Ohtomo: �A uo aLuaw HawFi°Ff Nami Ohtomo Environmental Planner SUBJECT'. Proposed Kuakini Highway Improvements Project Phase 2 Parsons Brinckerhoff Quark,&Douglas,Inc. Pre-Assessment Consultation American Savings Bank Tower 1001 Bishop Street,Suite 2400 Thank you for providing us with the opportunity to provide comments during the pre- ( Honolulu,HI 96813 assessment phase of the above cited project. The Office of Solid Waste Management offers the following comments: - i 1. The developer shall ensure that all solid waste generated during project construction RE:Pre-Draft Environmental Assessment for Proposed Knaldni Highway ImprovementsProject Phase 2,Kailua-Kona,Tl i`i Island is directed to a Department of Health permitted solid waste disposal or recycling facility. 2. Hawaii Revised Statutes,Chapter 103D-407 stipulates that all highway and road Dear Nand Ohtomo, construction and improvement projects funded by the State or a county or roadways that are to be accepted by the State or a county as public roads shall utilize a The Office of Hawaiian Affairs(QIIA)is in receipt of your October 27,2005,request for minimum of per cent crushed glass aggregate as specified by the Department of comments on the above project,which would allow the County of llawai`i Department of Public Transportation in all basecourse(treated or untreated)and subbase when the glass Works and the U.S.Federal Highway Administration to widen the existing Kuakini.Highway is available to the quarry or contractor at a price no greater than that of the ! between Hualalai Road and the future,planned intersection with the proposed Ain Highway. equivalent aggregate. OHA offers the following comments and looks forward to the opportunity to review,and comment upon,the forthcoming Draft Environmental Assessment. Please contact Lane Otsu of the Office of Solid Waste Management with any questions regarding these comments._ We request that you also contact..if you have not already,our Kona Comma pity Resource Coordinator(address below),who can best advise you with whom else you should consult about Sincerely, ground disturbances in this area. - ,�yg.�„„ I OHA further requests to be kept infalmed about this project,particularly as related m surface and . - i subsurface cultural sites which may be adversely affected as the widening project nears the STEVEN Y.K.CHANG,P.E CHIEF --- proposed Aid Highway intersection. ---- Solid and Hazardous Waste Branch i I A-15 A-i6 i .�„� saruara seo Dr m Nami Ohio ��*3'xtm November 30,2005 MvOf - No.. .11 ro Page 2 ( &ittli'VI of Aafuaii Thank you for the opportunity to comment at this time.If you have any further questions or DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT concerns please contact Heidi Guth at(808)594-1962 or e-mail her at heidie®oha.org. 2sn'-Streat,R..210•on,H.—Ir vsa2o-M r—)161-8083•Fix(808)961-81186 Sincerely, n r n n A m+ E November 3,2005 Clyd W.Nanm`o � Nami OhtomoAdministratorEnviromnental PlannerPARSONS BRINC OFF QUADS&DOUGLAS,INC. 3 ( 1001 Bishop Street,Suite 2400 CC: Ruby McDonald Community Resource Coordinator Honolulu,HT 96813 'R OHA-Kona Office 75-5706 Hanarra Place,Suite 107 Kailua-Kona,FII 96740 SUBJECT: Proposed Koaldni Highway Improvements Project Phase 2 Kailua-Kona,Island of Hawaii,Hawaii;Pre-Assessment Consultation In response to your letter of October 27,2005. We have no comments to offer on the subject project. DIRECTOR c: DPW I I I A-1] If-7 Coup a provider.,dwrPloyer H_YYj L-M-_ Harry Kim Darryl J.Oliveira D.r—.d&Wery Harry S.Kubojiri --ew Countp of 30awail County of Hawaii FIRE DEPARTMENT O D POLICE DEPARTMENT 2s a.i S-1-Si.Los-110,M-i'l 30 X,W�i S .1,91-11 90-98 (8 )1611111-rsn)961-V96 (809)931-1 Fa.(808)9611389 November 10,2005 D E C W E November'23,2005 Nami OhtomoNami Ohtomo Environmental Planner Parsons Brinckerholl'Quade&Douglas,Inc. 1001 Bishop Street,Suite 2400 Parsons Brinkerhoff Quark,&Douglas,Inc. HONOLULU,N American Savings Bank Tower Honolulu,Hawaii 96913 1001 Bishop Street,Suite 2400 Honolulu,Hawaii 96813 SUBJECT: PROPOSED KUAKINI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT PHASE 2 KAILUA-KONA,ISLAND OF HAWAII,HAWAII;PRE-ASSESSMENTSubject: Proposed Kuakmi Highway Improvement Project Phase 2 CONSULTATION Kailua-Kona,Island of Hawaii;Pre-Assessment Consultation Dear Harm Ohtomo: We have no comments to offer at this time in reference to the above-mentioned Pre- litivirminuctal Assessment Consultation. This is in response to your correspondence of October 27,2005,requesting comments or concerns associated with this project. Staff has reviewed the above-referenced project and submits the following comments: Due to the severe traffic congestion that occurred during the Phase I project,we recommend consideration be given to have construction limited to non-peak hours whenever possible and periodic public meetings be conducted to allow the public to Fire Chief voice their concerns. Should you or your staff require any further information regarding this matter,please DJO:1pc contact Captain Paul Kealoha of the Kona Patrol Division at(808)326-4646,extension 249. Sincerely, 401 -ECEIEF ACTING POLICE CHIEF rc Bruce McClure,Director,Department of Public Works 'Chris Yuen,Planning Drector,Planning Department 9 ativaii C eC�in CCu6 _ pa A es satgs�knew ENnekenYoff YttOY BAh P Sheet S.fte 24n0 tle Qna6 N tutu or S65Y3 ooegraa,an, aoa a?t rosy P.O.Box 3246,9Cadv a-Xiona,Hawaii 96745 � rree pia !2 00 tt� 1c October 27 200E Zoos Officers: D a np M Wi/lain i Halliday November IQ 2005 V D Hawaii Speleological Survey Chris514be 101 Aupuni Street,#911 Presiders - NbV 1 5 Hilo HI 96720 pAfl50N5 BflINCKEgitpnF gQ.t.y SfixfCQ3' Nand Ohtoma HONOLUIU.HAWAi! "Vice 1nsitCe9xt Pan ime BrinkethoffQuade&Dorgan,Inc.- pApgONS aniNOKEftHOPP Subject: Proposed Kuakni Highway Improvements Project Phase 2 1001 Bishop Street Suite 2400 HONotutu,HAwAiI Kailua-Kona,Island of Hawaii,Hawaii;Pre-Assessment Consultation Bob Scfiratz i-ionolain,aI 96813 Dear Mr.Halliday: Treasurer RE:Proposed Kaekini Highway hnpravements P ject Phase II Kailua Konabdoclafllawaii The County of Hawaii Department of Public Works(DPW),in cooperator with!no u.S.Federal Highway RfcfiarcCScott Administration,proposes to widen the existing Kuakni Highway,between Hualalai Road and the future Secretary Dear Ms.ohmmo, intersection with the proposed Air Highway(see enclosed map). DPW proposes the widening to increase roadway capacity in the Kailua to Keauhou corridor. G anx a2iC(er The Hawaii Cycling Chub is a non-profit corporation representing morommal and Director professional bicyclists and triathletes an the Island ofxawaii.We are in receipt of Under the proposal,Kuakini Highway would be widened from its existing two-lane configuration to four your letuarfOctober 29 on theahnve refencroed subject lanes. Improvements may require construction of retaining walls,some cutting and filling of slopes, Ion,PedGcord i and/or the possibility of additional right-of way acquisition. The widening of Kualani Hhghway between Hualalai and the proposed Alb Highway Director intersection will have a,iinificant efrM on bicyclists in Kinlua-Konu.It is used by Parsons„Blinckerhoff,fluade&D,puglas,Inc.(PB}has been contracted to assist DPW in preparing an R`un Steavart local residents and visitors,and isa minor artery for students fire.the e University of the environmontal assessrnenf tEA)'for this project. If you have knowledge of any environmental or social Nations recessing the downtown business area on their bicycles. dssues,asspgiates3 wvjth this project,or concerns about the project,we would very much appreciate Director this ren information from you within 30 days of the date of this letter. The Hawaii Cycling Club would like fo work with you and DPW to asshne that the website, design ofthe proposed improveracce is"bicycle friendly"andthusthe engineering for Please send any comments you may have in writing to the address listed above,to my attention.If you __ e hpwaiic�pptngcCub,_com this p ject meets accepted standards.Specifically,we would litre to assure that the have any questions,I can be reached at(808)531-7094, road width is sufficient for the traffic plus a lane or shoulder fnrbicycles in each direction with appropriate on-pavemed makings and signs,or alternatively,a separate This letter also serves as a notice of a public information meeting for the subject project on November 16, bicycle path similar to the one to be constructed with the new section afthe queen K 2605,from 6:30 pm to 3:00 pm,at Kahakai Elementary,School cafeteria,at 76-147 Royal Poinciana Drive, Highway. Kailua-Kona. Representatives from DP will be present to,share information,answer questions,and The Hawaii Cyoling Club will ba represented by several ofocaficaseadinembersid " receive public comments the public information meting on.Noverobot 16 who will be eager to bear aboutynur For more Cc-tails an the race rg or if y u require special accerr cdmte•scr suctlay aid,;_-;-is plans Should you wi b-o talk to a represenmtve of our club wtro can work with you oothiaproject,ptcaeoconfact Bob Schratzat808-9383266armeat808-9363762 participate In the meeting,(i e.sign language interpreter large print),please contact Mr.Kiran Emler of the DPW.Kailua Kona office at(808)327-3530 Mal!alo, / Sincerely yours, - J�"'� PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF @UADE&DOUGLAS,INC. J2. ND6t-000.5— . Cceitheibes ...�. .�{55 President, �,,.,- t .` ( .rif? s(rcti C,'kPrs rFv Hawaii Cycling Club - , � ffrc W" ;ki—h Na !.Qhtq p: Attachmecrt.,�Project to anon map • t"+vw�/ af"it'P7:/Y r{f� ' H � f lrlE/1 QreraC- rya ,rs6 eerie$ —11"oe (/l vQ✓l(y���n,I/�d t � MK Engineers,Ltd. as' DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY • COUNTY OF HAWAI9 Consulting Electrical Engineers 345 KEKUANAO'A STREET,SUITE 23•HILO,HAWAVI 96r2D 286 Kalihi Street • Honolulu,Hawaii 96819 TELEPHONE(S9S)95Y� a • eAx(993)9S1- tl Telephone: (808)848-8622 • Fax: (808)848-5574 November 3,2005 e-mail address: infoOmkhawaii.com RECORD OF TELEPHONE CONVERSATION Nand Ohtani,Environmental Planner Parsons Brinkerhoff Quade&Douglas,Inc. American Savings Bank Tower Between: Maurice Project No.05098 1001 Bishop Street,Suite 2400 Hawaii County Traffic Division Project: Kuakini Hwy Impr Honolulu,HI 96813 (808)961-8341 Hualalai to Alii And: Francis Hirakami Data: January 11,2006 PROPOSED KUAKINI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT PHASE 2 MK Engineers,Ltd. Time: 8,20 a.m. KAILUA-KONA,ISLAND OF HAWAI'I,PRE-ASSESSMENT CONSULTATION No.of pages: 1 This is in response to your letter of October 27,2005. ITEMS OF DISCUSSION: Please be informed that the Department is in the process of constructing a 16-inch waterline within the 1.Phase 1 Kuakini Hig hway Improvement project: Kuakini Highway(Job No.2003-821)extending from the Hualalai intersection to the Nakukla intersection on the Mauka side of the Kuakaitu Highway approximately 9,000 lineal feet.The contract •New street light standards and underground wiring on makai side of highway. was awarded on June 28,2005,to F.M.Rivera and Sons,Tue.,and is expected to be completed on Street light fixtures to be laced on new jointly owned(HELLO,Hawaiian Telcom, June 5,2006_ p d y Oceanic Cable,and street fighting)on mauka side of highway. For your information,there is also an existing 8-inch waterline and 20-inch waterline along the •County is paying 1/3 of steel pole costs as joint owner.Fortunately,Kuakini Highway Kuakini Highway right-of-way with in your proposed scope of work is a county federal aid highway,so federal funds will help offset some of the costs. gh y £ y p P � •No costs available. We are enclosing a copy of the construction plans for your information. 2.Phase 2 Kuakini Highway Improvement project: Should there be any questions,please contact Mr.William Atkins of our Water Resources and Planning Branch at 961-8070,extension 254. •Use similar design as for Phase 1: new street light standards and underground wiring on makai side of highway,and new street light fixtures on new jointly owned steel Sincerely yours, poles on mauka side of highway.This assumes all the existing telephone poles on the makai side of the highway will be removed. •Mentioned that the new steel poles may be spaced 150 feet apart.This is acceptable to Maurice as the public does not want additional poles to clutter the view along the highway.The new street light standards on the makai side can be staggered to cover some of the dark spots. � M tun D.Pavan,P.F.. Manager END. WA:sco Ene. copy—Department of Public Works water / r>•a:oI ll rzl amr�,na , raw,.. I , , .ms ... Ut/ater bvin.Ca�'Jvo�.rve66... 'fYie Departrnemol Weter 6uppry is an Equal Opportunity prcvitlerarM erpeipyw.Tofile acomplaiat of Ci:cnmvialion,wnle:USDA,Director,Office of Cinl WBats,Room 32FW,WhMen euiltlMg.l;yS and lndspandenee Aaen6699``SSWW WaeNrgton DC 2t)2"o991to.Orceli(2p2)�2tr6961(rolce aM TDD) 'A-24 Newell FJactrlc Light Company,Inc.•74-5519 Kaiwi Street.Keilua-Kona,HI 96740-1684 FW:Kuakini right of entry letter Page I of 2 I i CUST 3-3-1 Francis Hirakami H-WIG From: Whitener,Kevin[kevin.whitener@helcohi.comj November 1,2005 7. '- tt}t... Sent: Friday,December 30,2005 9:41 AM ('I;'{J(Ftf To: Francis Hirakami Nami Ohtomo Cc: Negate,Clyde Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade&Douglas,Inc. J Subject:RE:Kuakini right of entry letter 4r�n JAmerican Savings Bank Tower wa�1001 Bishop Street,Suite 2400 ' Francis, Honolulu,HI 96813 Clyde has a policy of not allowing HELCO transmission drawings out of the Company.In order to provide these Dear Nami: drawings,I will need specific permission from him to let them out. The biggest problem with Kuakini Phase 1 is that the County struck out on their own early in the project and held Subject: Proposed Kuakini Highway Improvements Project Phase 2 community meetings without involving HELCO.Then,certain promisestagmements were made with the community to which HELCO had no input.This created poles being way taller than they needed to be;something This is in response to your letter dated October 27,2005 notifying Hawaii Electric Light that the County now laments because it made their streetlights way too high.So leaming number one is that the Company(HELCO)of the planned project to continue widening Kuakini Highway,This County needs to involve HELCO and telephone sooner. letter is to state that HELCO has no knowledge of any direct environmental or social issues associated with the project.There may be indirect impacts when we relocate our The statement about placing facilities underground on Phase 1 pertained only to distribution and not electrical'Infrastructure and interrupt electrical service to customers along the proposed transmission.It would have been very little additional cost to place the distribution underground given the road wideningarea and beyond.Also,depending on the scope of work,taller poles may extensive amount of excavation that was done on this project.That would have made the poles even shorter and Y P 9 p P Y smaller in diameter.The public would have been much happier with the finished result.This same concept may j be required and therefore,some may consider it as a visual impact to the environment. or may not be applicable to Phase 2 since Phase 2 is in a much less populated area.For Phase 2 it probably makes more sense to put it all overhead.We would have to study it more closely and work with the County to HELCO would like to further state that a project of this complexity requires our planning understand the scope of the road widening to make a final recommendation. engineers toreview-circuiting,voltage,load flow and continuity of service impacts and may have to implement mitigation measures. For planning purposes,it would be Be careful using HECO's Phase 1 estimates to project Phase 2 costs.HECO under-estimated by about 50%. prudent to plan approximately three years for completion.assuming that HELCO will If you like,just send Clyde an e-mail asking permission to have the transmission drawings.If he approves it,it is have to entirely relocate its 69KV transmission line and distribution facilities. This" fine with me.Also,in the past we have required the consultant to make payment for the copies.(This should be includes design,public hearings,obtaining permits,ordering poles and construction. minor.) The electrical planning effort will need to start before the design process and should take two months. The design period begins when we receive final drawings for the project Best regards and happy New Year, and a request from DPW to proceed with the work. Kevin Whitener In order to minimize the total project time,it is critical for HELCO to receive the project j plans as soon as possible. Thank you for your letter notifying HELCO of this project. From:Francis Hirskami Lmailto:Francis@mkhawaii.com] Sent:Friday,December 30,2005 9:03 AM Best rega5, To:Whitener,Kevin Subject:FW:Kuakini right of entry letter /- HI,Kevin! I'm planning to visit Kona next week some time(most likely Thursday or Friday)to Kevin Whitener do some field work for the Kuakini Hwy Improvement project(Hualalai Rd to about 700 feet Supervisor,Customer Engineering past ON ON St). I would appreciate It very much if you can run me a set of your power line Hawaii Electric Light company,Inc. plans for this stretch of highway. I will need to prepare pole line relocation estimates to .. ,. (808)327-0501 .. Parsons by January 27th(including option for underground)and will be using your Kuakini Hwy Impr Ph.1 numbers as a starting point. The concept for this project will be the same as cc Clyde H.Nagata... . for the Ph.1 project in that the overhead line will remain on the mauka side of the highway and Hal Kamigaki - , ,. all services to the makai side will be underground. Any"lessons learned"from the Ph.1 project would be helpful. I recall you mentioning that if A-25 A-26 1/10/2t106 FW:Kuakini right of entry letter Page 2 of 2 you had to do the Ph.1 project over again,you would go all underground. Well,I will need .7 numbers to support going all underground,so if you have anything that would be helpful,would MK En lneerS,Ltd. appreciate it. g Consulting Electrical Engineers Thanks,Kevin! 286 Kalihi Street • Honolulu,Hawaii 96819 Telephone: (808)848-8622 • Fax: (808)848-5574 Francis Hirakami e-mail address: info(cbmkhawaii.com MK Engineers 286 Kalihi Street Honolulu,HI 96819-3937 RECORD OF TELEPHONE CONVERSATION Ph.(808)848-8622 Between: Michael Chang Project No.05098 Hawaiian Telcom Project: Kuakini Hwy Impr (808)329-7236 Hualalai to Alii And: Francis Hirakami Date: January 9,2006 MK Engineers,Ltd. Time: 11,00 a.m. No.of pages: 1 ITEMS OF DISCUSSION: 1. Mr.Chang expressed disappointment that he wasn't informed of this project earlier as he would have designed the intersection at Kuakini Highway and Hualalai Road for the Phase 1 project differently. 2. It may be possible to install a switch at the Kuakini Highway and Hualalai Road to enable use of fiber optic cables for Phase 2.The switch itself will cost about$1 million, but there will be savings in labor and materials if the copper cables had to be relocated from the makai side to the mauka side similar to Phase 1. 3. There will need to be underground crossings to maintain service along the makai side of the highway. 4. Mr.Chang will be out of town during the week of 1/16/06,so he may not be able to provide any rough cost estimate for Phase 2.H possible,he will forward the cost estimate for Phase 1 which can be adjusted for Phase 2. END. A-2] —a 1/10/2006 Page 1 of 1 MK Engineers,Ltd. Francis Hirakami Consulting Electrical Engineers From: Francis Hirakami 286 Kalihi Street . Honolulu,Hawaii 96819 Sent: Monday,January 09,2006 9:55 AM Telephone: (808)848-8622 . Fax: (808)848-5574 e-mail address: infoC@mkhawaii.com To: 'michael.chang@verizon.com' Subject: Kuakini Hwy Impr-Ph 2 Attachments:Kuakini Right-0t-Entry Itr 4Aug05.PDF;Location Map.pdt RECORD OF TELEPHONE CONVERSATION Hi,Mike! Per our phone conversation this morning,attached is some info on the next phase of the Kuakini Hwy Impr project. It will be similar to the first phase. I've been in contact with Between: Robert Moeller Project No.05098 HELCO and they said that they would probably install steel poles again similar to the first oceanic Time Warner Project: Kunkini Hwy Impr phase. The County wants all utilities on the mauka side of the highway,so the telephone lines (808)331-4925 Hualalai to Alit on the makai side will be removed and cables relocated to the mauka side. January lo,2W6 If possible,I would like to get a rough ballpark cost estimate for the relocation of the Hawaiian And: Francis Hirakami Date: MK Engineers,Ltd. Time: Janu a.m. Telcom cables. The cost estimates are due on January 27th,so would appreciate it if you can No.ofpagcs: 1 provide me with a rough cost by January 20th. I understand that you'll be out of the office next week,so anything will be of help. Even if you have to provide me with the estimate for the first ITEMS OF DISCUSSION: phase and tack on a fudge factor,that would be better than anything I can come up with. 1. Mr.Moeller was not aware of this projectand wanted to know the project boundaries. Thanks,Mike! He was informed that it will extend from the Hualalai Road to the approximate area of Francis Hirakami the new AM Drive extension(about 800 feet past Oni Oni Street),and will be similar to MK Engineers Phase 1(telephone and CATV cables relocated from the makai side of the highway to 286 Kalihi Street the mauka side with underground crossings to the makai side). Honolulu,HI 96819-3937 Ph.(808)848-8622 2. Mr.Moeller stated that this section will probably not be as costly as Phase 1 since there will be less trunk cables along this stretch of highway as in Phase 1. 3. There may be some construction problems at the intersection of Hualalai and Kuakini. He currently needs to cross from the mauka side to the makai side for the Phase 1 project,but now will have to plan a way to transition back to the mauka side for the Phase 2 project. 4. Mr.Moeller will try to provide a rough cost estimate for the Phase 2 improvements by 1/20/06. END. —a A30 1/10/2006 Page 1 of 1 Francis Hirakami From: Francis Hirakami Sent: Tuesday,January 10,2006 3:51 PM To: 'mbert.moeller@twmble.com' Subject: Kuakini Hwy Impr,Ph.2 Attachments:Kuakini Right-0f-Entry Itr4Aug05.PDF;Location Map.pdt Hi,Robert! Thanks for returning my phone call concerning the subject project. Attached are some project info. I would appreciate some rough cost estimates for the relocation of the Oceanic CATV cables from the makai side of the highway to the mauka side similar to the Phase 1 improvement project. I need to submit the costs to Parsons by 1/27/06,so would appreciate your estimate by 1/20/06 if possible. Thanks,Robert! Francis Hirakami MK Engineers 286 Kalihi Street Honolulu,HI 96819-3937 Ph.(808)848-8622 A-31 A 2 1/10/2006 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment APPENDIX A-3 COMMENTS RECEIVED FOLLOWING NOVEMBER 16, 2005 PUBLIC MEETING March 2013 thirty Kim JiroA.Simook, PUBLIC COMMENT SHEET KUAKIN'l HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT,PHASE 2: &=d19 Vf Ant"ari flualalad Road to Atli Highway DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AupuniCenter Your written comments will help us with the planning and design ofthes subject project.We on I...a soo,S.I.7-—'.—N 9-12 appreciate your assistance.Please provide your comments below and feel free to attach W.)961-M,-F..(806)961... additional sheets if necessary.Please send comments by November 36",2005. Ormbet-27,2005 PLEASE PRINT LEGIBLY.If your comments are not legible.they cannot be considered. Dear Participant: Name: Address: Organization(if any} Subject: Proposed Kuakfiai Highway Improvements Project Phase 2 Kidlim-Kona,Island or Hawaii,Hawaii Phone:------ZL#__w2q�'�cday Job No.P-3718,FAP No.STP 1910(2) -------S eve Notice of Public Information Meeting You are cordially invited to a public information meeting regarding the subject project, The x County of Hawaii Department of Public Works(DPW),in cooperation with the U.S.Federal Highway Administration,proposes to widen the existing Kuakini Highway,between Huallai —reu -La C✓�"C' �bcMr -(�7—' Road and4c future intersection with the proposed AN Highway(see enclosed map). DPW proposes the widening to increase roadway capacity in the Kaiduat to Keandiou condor. Under the proposal,Kerkno Highway world be widened from its existing two-lane configuration to four lanes.Improvements may require construction of retaining walls.some cutting and filling of slopes,and/or the possibility of additional nght-of way acquisition. The public information meeting will be held 7-/-s— Wednesday,November l6,2005,6:30pmtoS:00pm .Tt' c, • Kataked Elementary School cafeteria 76-147 Buy.]P.mei...Drive,K.Hma-K... Ike— Representatives from DPW and its corunitains will be on-hand to share information,answer 7r e questions,and receive public comments pertaining to this projeot. For more details on the meeting, or if you require special accommodations or auxiliary aid/semees to participate to this training,(i.e.sign language interpreter,large print),please ece:,ve,� contact Mr Kiran Feder of the DPW Kinlua-Kona office, at (808) 327-3530 or aii'hi us,at ]cast seven(7)days prim to the meefing. Sincerely yours, G. 43RUCE C.McCLURE,P L Director Amichine Project]-at,-map Signature Date -/,1A,- i ",cl ".6--1 Please mail cmrmcma to the address on the reverse.Comments may also be hosed to County nifHawaii Department of Public Works project engineer Ish.Kirm Emler at 327-3533,or sent by email to kemIcrC�4coliaswu1i,us. 133 A 34 PUBLIC COMMENT SHEET PUBLIC COMMENT SHEET KUAKINI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT,PHASE 2: KUAKINI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT,PHASE 2: Hualalsd Road to Ali!Highway Huabdai Road to AM Highway Your written comments will help us with the planning and design of this subject project.we Your written comments will help us with the planning and design of tiffs subject project.We appreciate your assistance.Please provide your comments below and feel free to attach appreciate your assistance.Please provide your comments below and feel free to attach additional sheets if necessary.Please send comments by November 30",2005. additional sheets if necessary.Please send comments by November 30",2005. PLEASE PRINT LEGIBLY.If your comments are not legible,they cannot be considered. PLEASE PRINT LEGIBLY.If your comments are not legible,they cannot be considered. Name Address: N—.: Q)Cne -SOJUJy Address: '7 Organization(if an Organization{if any): q 0 plionc- — �6 &�y Phone: day eve ---------�2 eve o' 11''I i' R)k� Gtrf (Are el-J-- Sign. re Date Signature D. 21F, Please mail comments to the address an the rev—Comments may also be foxed to County of Hawaii Please mail comments to the address an the reverse.Comments may also be foxed to County of Hawaii Department of Public Works project aaginearl,&.Kiron Ecale,at 327-3533,or sent by cousil to Department of'Public Works project ongin—Ir.Kirm Ecolor at 327-3533,or sent by ecout to kwruevfa—hs,wafiluas. heml.,Pco.howay.hi.us. A35 A36 PUBLIC COMMENT SHEET PUBLIC COMMENT SHEET KUAKINI 111GHWAY IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT,PHASE 2: KUAICrNI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT,PHASE 2: Hunlalad Road to Ali!Highway flualabd Road to All!Highway Your written comments will help us with the planning and design ofthis subject project.We Your written comments will help us,with the planning and design of this subject project.We appreciate your assistance.Please provide your comments below and fool free to attach appreciate your assistance.Please provide your comments below and feel free to attach additional sheets if necessary.Please send comments by November 30",2005. additional sheets if necessary.Please send comments by November 30a,2005. PLEASE PRINT LEGIBLY.If your comments are not legible,they cannot be considered. PLEASE PRINT LEGIBLY.If your comments are not legible,they cannot be considered. Name: —�'d 4 Address: Name: Dokf? WlLkl-Ks—) Organization(if any): k — r-6-4 i Organization(if—any): Address: 11 0—1 Phone: �day — Phone: 08 3?, -7 day eve eve /7ar eel 7L g-, Aq— Signature Date Date 1"5 Signature Date Signature Please—it c.—.ta to th adshr n the reverse.Comments may also be fased to County of Hawaii Please—in a. htsto the address ou the reverse,Comments may also be faxed to Country of Hawaii Department of Public Works pr'act engineer Mr.Koran,Emler at 327-3533,or sent by email to Department of Public Works project engineer 14r.Kiren Emler at 327-3533,or sent by coral to kemic,04-1—fini.us. k9mler(d�.e.haw-ii.hi.us. A 37 A 38 �- ME �'i'� PUBLIC COMMENT SHEET PARS HO NO ORNOLUL "HAEAn FF PUBLIC COMMENT SHEET XUAIUNI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT,PHASE KUAKINI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT,PHASE 2: Hundalal Road to AM Highway Hurdalai Road to Aid Highway Your written conornents will help us with the planning and design of thus subject project.We Your written ornaments will help us with the planning and design of this subject project.We appreciate your assistance.Please provide your comments below and feel free to attach appreciate your assistance.Please provide your moments below and feel free to attach additional sheets if necessary.Please send comments by November 300',2005. additional sheets if necessary.Please send comments by November 30",2005. PLEASE PRINT LEGIBLY.If your comments are not legible,they cannot be considered. PLEASE PRINT LEGIBLY.If your comments are not legible,they cannot be considered. Name: A/atc-v J5L1,,17S Address- 73-/1E0 7 N—: 'RI�'111,Jw-LIA as: ,,�auy, � Organization(many}: Ad"" Organizad (.f 0 7 q5 a day Phone:---3Z Se day Ph ne: day 32- 318- eve7�44,#1 eve U'Q tz M, ee� 'I nn kff Signature 921cly Date Signature Date it J Z( Please niad comments to the add,.s-the os—aplease mail comments to the adctress on the verse.Coro rents xnay also be faxed to County of Hawaii Deparnnent of lic Works project engineer Department of Public Works project engineer Mr.Yjr-Inclar at327-3533,or sent by email to keralorrZa—liewedi1i.s. A39 AAO c��d fz�/ems , PUBLIC COMMENT SHEET PUBLIC COMMENT SHEET KUAKINI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT,PHASE 2: KUAKINI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT,PHASE 2: Hurdelal Road to Alit Highway Hnalalat Road to Alit Highway Your written comments will help us with the planning and design of this subject project.We Year v7itten comments will help us with the planning and design of this subject project.We appreciate your assistance.Please provide your comments below and feel free to attach appreciate your assistance.Please provide your comments below and feel free to attach additional sheets if necessary.Please send comments by November 3001,2005. additional sheets if necessary-.Please send comments by November 30t°',2005. PLEASE PRINT LEGIBLY.If your comments are not Legible,they cannot be considered. PLEASE PRINT LEGIBLY.If your comments are not legible,they cannot be considered. Name: /e -5 Address:76787 JCarr_ ea—..7r0X-er Name: rCt''f,' �(r'' 'fZ Address: `1 j--511gy 1C(Ii{jCj/titl F{W'p'. Organization(if any):Ux,u o�z+-•sn tC�u a,sa.-�ru,ia.l-!r aL.y,L a Organization(rf arty i ryyl aU-1# ,ul g,t.7�(O A1r4nonrs—Koun CR+�rPu3 PIPER l>�i1.::+c)�� Phone: 3.�L-4447 day Phone: day a ar eve eve First,abig MAHALO for your holding such open,convenient,timely and informativeI �NL3 ZCa meetings to allow the public to receive,share and provide suggestions relating to proposed road improvements. In my opinion,this is leading to a much healthier 1-d4k}c�...3n _'T(j� }-LvAat_,A-1 (2p Pta tSFs'riaYJ relationship.between the County and the public and to improvements that are that much better and that much more supported by the publicltaxpayers. � � � =�' E"�b © �b�i�,lrtvT'GrQail� f12,2ktk'Et' L.P NE—s W EM A CC—K}'iruR fl'}iGDIgio Regarding the proposed Kuakini Highway improvements project,it is suggested that ' you provide projection of anticipated use of that highway for the next-5-10 years -if not beyond-to help.the public realize the need. As.demonstrated at the GVC--EFJ�()4vtt4-NU November 16 public information meeting,some people judge the merits of such a f3c:r..reg � project strictly upon what they see as today's needs to the neglect of considering any long-range planning. y L�W{i � Tf e �0 I1 Dz U Particularly with the future Alii Highway feeding into Kuakini Highway,it seems to me that there is going to be a huge increase in traffic onto an already crowded ( ThINKC 1`( 15 AL-5p V /�f 19eA�p/1T14�T �U_ Kuakini Highway,to heavily justify this proposed project. YYtA-ftsc Whatever action is taken,I urge early construction of sidewalks(or even a sidewalk p l A- 11 IZD<. on one side)along Kuakini Highway from Hualalai Road to at least the intersection of Kuakini Highway and Onioni Street (if not to the proposed Alii Highway intersection). Although currently unsafe for such activity,that area is used by large numbers of pedestrians from the many condominiums,hotels,university,and subdivision facing that section of Kuakini Highway. A sidewalk would further encourage pedestrian traffic and reinforce those complexes in reducing potential automotive traffic on Kuakini Highway by promoting walking on safe sidewalks to nearby locations and town,as an alternative. Signature ,oyo----" Date Again,thanks very much for your genuine interest in resolving one of West Hawaii's ff r r greatest problems-automotive traffic congestion and lack of adequate sidewalks. Please mail comments to the address on the reverse.Comments may also be faxed to County of Hawaii Department of Public Works project engineer Mr.Man Pmler at 32?7 3533,or at by email to k {\\`\ eslsr h—. . ha .0 l t us Ken Clewet� / A-41 A42 November 21,2005 NOV-30-2005 08.20 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION 13083311021 P,01 hb� 3 0 2005 PUBLIC COMMENT SHEET i£UAKINI HIGHWAY WROVEMENTS PROJECT,PRASE 2: PUBLIC COMMENT'SHEET Hualatid Bond to Alit Highway KUAKINI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT,PHASE 2: Hualand Road to Ali!Highway Your written comments will help us with the planning and design of this subject project We appreciate your assistance-Please provide year comments below and feel free to attach Your written comments will help us with the planning and design of this subject project.We additional sheets ifnecessary.Please send comments by November 3e,2005. appreciate your assistance.Please provide your comments below and feel free to attach PLEASE PRINT LEGIBLY.If your comments are not legible,they cannot he considered, additionalsheets if necessary.Please send comments by November 301,2005. PLEASE PRINT LEGIBLY.Hyour comments are not legible,they cannot be considered. Na=:GM rxl 6,,Jn�an PLtG fic Address: Avg 5i� }� Organization(ifany): Name: Address: �j- Qjr[}cj U/ „V/�k Tv�J Organization(if any): lu)A }'hfd Ph—: �3 1-10 2.0 day q' 7"t•4u L, E;atgG�t 1fk l.T{� 1/ evn .}-� Phone: Iday -7�i"-J15 121/ti 1019nI/MK.LYIr �1� `7...1 A)r4"rha.�r 11 ,- 11 )} � -- Go��r�u � rs > d�kr� t �c ltT Ti+i�TIY �S J3_�ic 1 r r tf1 tn� ,`� T TNT Port Or1 f5 a 1�.II ��F4s� Ht W Y r �r� l' :Zj)6 /4 Air) 1SG_7-hJC} 1"r!f&t �� INt TO KKt nU R) fj N15s tlT C11�— 1�llla Kl ti�l 7 N1J MQA)�� T Yk,,\1 TEE VVI V�#ri� S s 151 tJSfr r I -TA 7 }rrV(V(j 'SINK MONEY EY WCULD Tnffk GF9,4t /t J7 -rrfiAs TmS I por><'r sirs urSreA-�.Y UN 1-4ie Signature Date Please mail conssneass a address alb.—Comments may also be Cased w County of llawab Department of Public Works project engineer Mr.ICiran Beater at 327-3533,or seat by mail to r kamtetilco.riawati.hi.us. Signature Date I I`2 O ' Please mail comments to the address on the reverse.Commems may also be faxed to County of Hawaii TOTAL P.01 Department of Public Works project engineer Mr.Kiran Emler at 327-3533,or sent by email to kemlerfa�eo hawaii hi us. A-43 A44 -----Original Message----- -----Original Message----- From George(Denny)Coffman[mailto:gdcman(oven .netj From:Clyde and Geri Jackson[nmlto:clydengeri@yahoo.comj Sent:Wednesday,November 23,2005 9:52 AM Sent:Thursday,November 17,2005 8:01 AM To:Emler,Khan To:Emler,Kira Subject:Comments:Kuakini Highway Improvements P jest,Phase 2 Subject:Kuakini Highway Widening November 17,2005 Kiran Fritter,DWP Project Engineer RE:Comments:Kuakini Highway Improvements Project,Phase 2 kemler(dco.hawaii.hi.us Public Information Meeting#1 on Wednesday,November 16,2005 75-5706 Kaukini hwy Room 107 I strongly support the proposed widening of Kuakini Highway from Hualalai road to the future Alii Kailua-Kona,HI 96740 Highway.My support is based upon the fut that I believe that the Alii Highway will be built and This letter is in regards to the eventual improvements/widening of Kuakini Highway south of Hualalai connected to the(now on hold)road being built through the Hokuli'a development.Those two roads Road.Unfortunately,I could not attend the meeting on November 16.Below are some ofthe issues and when joined will require a wider Kuakini Highway. concerns I have. George D.Coffman How will the widening affect availability ofon street parking?There is a significant requirement 77-203 Maliko Street for on street parking in the first several hundred feet of Kuakini south ofHualalai Rd.Due to poor Kadua Kona,Hawaii 96740 planning in years past;apartment complexes in this area are extremely lacking in parking.(Same 808-322-5076 poorplanning seems to be ongoing today in new areas.)If on street parking is eliminated it will create great difficulty for area residents and guests.I suggest some mitigation be considered. • Speeders are already a problem.In particular southbound traffic is an issue.Many vehicles appear to accelerate to 50MPH or more by the time,they pass my location.Perhaps another traffic light at Coconut Grove would help. • Sidewalks are very important here.Students from the University of Nations and others walk this section of highway all day long.The worst section,due to lack of shoulder,is in front of Kailua Village and Hualalai Center. • Lighting would be very helpful in this area.We have 1 street light now in front of Hualalai Center.This one has problems and often does not light,turn on at midnight orjust glow.Weird stuff When the light is out there are more fights,arguments,and drug dealing and so on in the Hualalai Center parking lot.Vehicles are vandalized when parked on the street. Clyde W Jackson Owner/Occupant 75-5766 Kuakini Hwy,Apt#504 Kailua-Kona,HI 96740-1722 Cc:file A-05 A-06 -----Original Message----- -----Original Message----- From:Josephine Kehipi From:Bob Smith[m lto:smith6849@hawaii.rr.com] To:'Kimn Ender,Engineer Sent:Thursday,November 17,2005 4:16 PM Sent:Wednesday,November 30,2005 8:58 AM To:Emler,Kimn Subject:KUAKIM WB)ENING/PHASE 2-COMMENTS FOR CONSULTANT Subject:Kuakini Hwy.Widening Dear Mr.Ender, Aloha Khan Ender, The following are my comments regarding the Phase 2,Kuakini Widening project.I understand that today(11-30-05),is the last day for submitting comment. I am in favor ofthe proposed widening of Kuakini Hwy south ofHualalai,especially ifwe think that the Alii Hwy will still be built some day.I think it makes more sense to make it 5 lanes instead ofjust 4 as a The Phase 2 widening of Kuakini Highway(between Hualalai Road and the future Alii Parkway)should center lane for left turns will greatly help traffic flow.Ifyou don't do it right and build it for the future, be designed to 2 lanes with left turning pockets ONLY for the following reasons: you will just end up re-doing it a couple ofyears later. 1)Unlike the Phase 1 section of Kuakini Highway which is lined by commercial business establishments, Additionally,I feel the plans should allow for bicycle and pedestrian traffic. the Phase 2 section ofroadway will be lined by mostly residential neighborhoods(condos,apartments, etc)making a 2-lane highway for Phase 2 a more appropriate,residential-friendlier design over a wide, Thanks for considering my comments. car oriented 4-lane highway. Mahalo, 2)Since Phase 2 will be lined by residential neighborhoods,then a 2-lane highway will Bob Smith better accommodate pedestrians from these residential neighborhoods by providing them with wider sidewalks(no less than 10 feet wide on BOTH sides ofthe road)and more landscaping.This will not only give residents a safer and more comfortable walkway to and from the village but it will encourage people to walk more vs drive more. 3)We owe a 2-lane highway with wide pedestrian walkways and shady landscaping to the students from the University ofthe Nations who have been walking this roadway section for decades.We need to provide them with a safe roadway and the safest roadway for them is a 2-lane highway and not a 4-Ime highway.In fact,a 2-lane highway would mean that a modem roundabout could be built at the campus entrance thus providing students with a safe way to cross the road since the 4-lane design will probably not provide students and pedestrians with any safe means to cross the roadway. 4)The 4-lane design means that pedestrians will have a dangerously harder time crossing this section of roadway.It also gives the county more excuses ofwhy they cannot build any mid-block crosswalks for pedestrians.At least with a 2-lane roadway there is more of a chance of designing crosswalks into this section via appropriately placed roundabouts(U of and Hillcrest intersection). 5)A 2-lane highway will blend into the current Alii Parkway design better since the Parkway is currently designed to also be 2-lanes. In conclusion,I think 4-lane roads should be kept to a minimum in Kailua-Kona.Please do not min our village with more asphalted lanes.Two lane highways and roadways with wide sidewalks and lots of landscaping Keep Kona Kona and encourage people to get out and walk vs drive.Two lane highways are also safer for pedestrians as well as vehicles.At the meeting held earlier this month,a long time Kona resident,Wattie Mae Hedeman wisely recommended a 2-lane design with left tum pockets for Phase 2. Please honor her request and Keep Kona safe for all of us. Mahalo, Josephine Keliipio 76-168 Royal Poinciana Drive Kailua-Kona,Hi 96740 A-0] A-08 -----Original Message----- -----Original Message----- From:Mellencs@aol.com[mailto:Mellencs@aol.com] From:MERRY ANNE STONE[mailto:buykona2004Cdhawaii.u.com] Sent:Thursday,November 17,2005 4:52 PM Sent:Tuesday,November 29,2005 5:13 PM To:Emler,Kiran To:Emler,Kiran Subject:comments on widening Kuakini Hwy Subject:Kuakini Highway Improvements Project Public Comment Sheet Aloha Khan Fouler, November 29,2005 Each time I drive sorthbound on the Queen Kaahumanu Hwy to Lako street in heavy traffic,I think about Public Comment Sheet how nice it will be to have a widened Kuakini Hwy as an alternate route to the moderate to heavy traffic Kuakini Highway Improvements Project,Phase 2 found daily on the Queen. Hualalai Road to Ain Highway I am strongly in favor ofthe proposed widening of Kuakini Hwy south ofHualalai to the proposed Alii Mr.Kiran Fouler Parkway.Hopefully plane call for creating 5 lanes instead ofjust 4 as a center lane for left turns will greatly help traffic flow. I went to the meeting at Kahakai school for the information regarding the Kuakini Highway Improvement Project. I sincerely hope that money can also be found soon to fund the Alii Parkway from that point to at least La'aloa St.Yesterday there was a traffic accident on Alii Drive at La'alca Park.Had the Alii Parkway You are spending more money on another environmental study.Too many studies and no results!There been in place,traffic could have been diverted northbound on that road rather than being turned around am so many needed projects that the county should be concentrating on which would bring some reliefto and sent 2 miles south to Kamehameha III Rd. our traffic situation.This one will not bring reliefl Hopefully your plant will include space for bicycle,moped and pedestrian traffic as alternate sources of I am sure that this is developer driven since there were so many contractors present for this meeting. getting around in the congested Kailua Kona area. Theprojects that have been started and stalled:Lako extension,LaAloa connectiom,a process to aleve Mahalo for considering my comments. the congestion from the elementary school to the highschool,more and more the county then says that they are working on a plan.Years before any results and the costs have tripled!Or no results just more Mary Ellen Smith meetings! The Plan never gets developed and by the time it should funded the study is outdated and the county has spent too much money to complete anything.Or better yet the Planning Director decides that the study is INaccurate and the project is scrapped,ie:Original LaAloa Connection. Oh sure there is another meeting to discuss with the community their views,but had the developer put through the LaAloa Connection the county would not be in the situation they are now in with residents who were not notified by the developer about LaAloa connection to highway when they purchased their homes.The biggest issue is that the cost of completing these projects is higher than projected so again it is stalled or better yet a new study is requested. This is not a priority highway project that will do anything except cost the county money. Stop now and spend those funds on completing the needed projects that have been discussed and will provide relief. The costs have rose so high that again the county cannot pay to have any plans completed,GOOD at hiring studies! Merry Anne Stone 808-960-2082 808-324-7006 77-159 Kai Poi PI Kailua-Kona,Hi.96740 A-09 A-59 -----Original Message----- -----Original Message----- From:Tom Walton[mailto:twalton@povn.com] From:Bob Ward[mailto:rgwud007@hawaii.rr.comJ Sent:Sunday,November 20,2005 9:12 AM Sent:Wednesday,November 30,2005 10:18 PM To:Emler,Kiran To:McClure,Bruce;Emler,Kiran Subject:KUAKINI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS PHASE 2 Subject:Kuakini-Phase B Concerning the KUAKINI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS PHASE 2: Aloha, Dear Sirs, Please consider the attached cam heats in favor ofthe proposed improvements to Kaakini Highway. My name is Tom Walton and my wife and I live at Kona Sea Villas,75-6060 Kuakini Hwy,where I am a Bob member ofthe association board.My Phone number is 329-5220 and my cell phone is 509 447-2535. -----Attachment ----- We are generally in favor ofthis p ject with these reservations and concerns: November 30,2005 We would like to see the p ject extend past the Kona Sea Villas Property.We believe that southbound Bruce McClure,P.E. traffic on Kmkini will increase past our property and bottleneck right at our gate,making access and Director Public Works egress difficult and dangerous. County of Hawaii Aupuni Center We believe that the lighting is inadequate on Kuakini south of Kona Mansions and if it is not improved Hilo,Hawaii 96720 leading up to and pact the bottleneck that we will see an increase in night time vehicular accidents with the possibility ofpedestrian fatalities as this stretch ofKuakini has a heavy incidence offoot traffic. RE:Environmental Assessment—Kuakini Highway—Phase B Having said that,we applaud your efforts and hope that you will keep our concerns in mind as you I would like to offer the following comments in support ofproposed improvements on Kuakini continue developing a final plan. Highway between Hualalai Road and the proposed connection with the Ali'I Highway.The changes enhance the surface transportation network in West Hawaii and benefit all modes oftransportation. Maholo, Tom and Brenda Walton 1. We are currently exposed to a significant deficit in the North-South capacity of our road system.This creates several problems that have an adverse impact on: ❑ Trafficttow ❑ Emergency services ❑ Evacuation routes ❑ Pedestrian corridors ❑ Bikeways 2. Completing the proposed improvements will provide a crucial segment that will be part of a vital North-South corridor.This corridor will connect several segments that represent some ofthe largest vestments for roads in Kona ❑ The four largest road investments ever planned by the County of Hawai'i in Kona are:Kmkini Highway-Phase I;Kmkini Highway-Phase II;Ali'i Highway-Phase I;Ali'i Highway-Phase B. ❑ The largest private road investment(Hokuli'a) ❑ Connecting these components into a single corridor will increase the rearm on investment on each individual component. 3. The four lanes will be necessary to carry current and fume traffic ❑ Locally generated residential and commercial traffic. ❑ Southbound traffic from Hualalai Road destined for the major commercial centers. ❑ Traffic that will utilize the Pua'a connector as a bypass around the pedestrian area on Ali'i Drive. ❑ Converging traffic from both the Ali'i Highway and all ofthe mauka communities that utilize the Kuakim Highway. A-51 A 2 4. Extending the Kuakini corridor northward can further enhance the transportation network. ❑ Phase III-Palani Road to Makala Blvd.This would probably need to be configured m a four-lane road with pedestrian and cycling facilities to handle projected traffic volumes and maintain an acceptable level of service. ❑ Phase IV-Makala Blvd.to Kealakehe Pkwy.This might be a divided parkway configuration that focuses on accommodating mass transit and provides recreation facilities for pedestrians and cyclists SUGGESTED ENGINEERING IMPROVEMENTS 5. Consider connecting Kuakini Highway-Phase B directly into Ali'i Highway-Phase B.This would add several improvements. ❑ A north-south route from Napoopoo Jet.directly to Kailua(and possibly Honokohau. ❑ A more efficient mass transit route. ❑ A recreation loop forjogging and cycling. ❑ Improved Wailua Road intersection that would continue south directly onto southbound Kuakini Highway. ❑ Safer ingress and egress to Oni Oni Street and Pottery Terrace. 6. Do not terminate Ali'i Highway-Phase II at the Queen Ka'ahumanu Extension. ❑ This would dump northbound traffic south of the congestion at Henry Street and Palani Road. ❑ The route would terminate with no routes to continue the traffic north. ❑ The short connection between Kuakini Highway and the Queen Ka'ahumanu Extension would be redundant with the adjacent connector being built by Pua'a&Suffolk development. 7. Consider homogeneous bike lanes. ❑ Asphalt overlay gutter section,or ❑ Monolithic wide concrete gutter section(5-feet minimum). ❑ Eliminate constructionjoint hazard to cyclists. ❑ Provides a separate bike lane for a major bicycle route. & Consider raised pedestrian way on mauka side. ❑ Lower land acquisition and grading costs. ❑ Faster construction. ❑ Safer for pedestrians. ❑ Better scenic vistas. ❑ Unique landscape alternatives 9. Consider Pre-cast Post-tensioned segment construction on the makai side for bike and pedestrian way ❑ Lower land acquisition and grading costs. ❑ Faster construction. ❑ Accommodates drainage facilities. ❑ Provides utility placement below grade at lower cost. Thank you for your consideration, Robert Ward Kailua Kona A-53 A-54 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment APPENDIX A-4 PRE-ASSESSMENT THANK-YOU FOLLOW-UP LETTER March 2013 Mailing List for Pre-Assessment Comment Thank-you Letters/Postcards Letter recipients January 30,2006 U.S.Army Corps of Engineers U.S.Department of Agriculture SEE ATTACHED LIST (U.S.Army Engineer District) Natural Resources Conservation Service Mr.George P.Young,P.E., Mr.Lawrence T.Yamamoto, Chief,Regulatory Branch State Conservationist Pacific Ocean Division,Building 230 PO Box 50004 Subject: Proposed Kuakini Highway Improvements Project Phase 2 Fort Shatter,HI 96858-5440 Honolulu,HI 96850 Kailua-Kona,Island of Hawaii,Hawaii;Pre-Assessment Consultation Dear M_ U.S.Department of Interior Department of Health On behalf of the County of Hawaii,Department of Public Works,I am writing to thank you for U.S.Fish And Wildlife Service Clean Water Branch your letter of November_,2005,commenting on the proposed project. Your comments are Mr.Mr.Patrick Leonard,Field Supervisor Mr.Denis R.Lau,P.E.,Chief being considered as we prepare the Environmental Assessment(EA)for this project. 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Rm 3-122 Box 50088 919 Ala Moana Blvd.,Rm.301 Honolulu,HI 96850 Honolulu,HI 96814 The Draft EA will be prepared to satisfy the requirements of Chapter 343 of the Hawaii Revised Statutes. Upon completion,the Draft EA will be distributed for public and agency review and comment. Public meetings on the Draft EA will be advertised and held at a location within the Department of Health Department of Land and Natural Resources study area.The Final EA will also satisfy the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Solid and Hazardous Waste Branch Division of Forestry and Wildlife Act of 1969(NEPA)and its implementing regulations. Mr.Steven K.Chang,Chief Mr.Paul Conry,Administrator P.O.Box 3378 Kalanimoku Bldg,1151 Punchbowl St.Rm 325 We appreciate your continued involvement on this project. Honolulu,HI 96801 Honolulu,HI 96813 Sincerely yours, PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF QUADE&DOUGLAS,INC. Department of Water Supply Hawaii Fire Department G County of Hawaii County of Hawaii Mr.Milton Pavao,Manager Mr.Darryl J.Oliveira,Fire Chief 345 Kekuanaoa St.Suite 620 25 Aupuni St.Room 103 Nami Ohtomo Hilo,HI 96720 Hilo,HI 96720 Lead Environmental Planner Hawaii Police Department Department of Environmental Management County of Hawaii County of Hawaii Mr.Harry S.Kubojiri, Ms.Barbara Bell,Director Deputy Police Chief;Acting Police Chief 25 Aupuni St.Room 210 349 Kapiolani St. Hilo,HI 96720 Hilo,HI 96720 United States Senate University of the Nations-Kona Campus The Honorable Daniel Akaka,Senator Mr.Ken Clewett, 141 Hart Senate Office Building 75-5787 Kakalina St. Washington,DC 20510 Kailua-Kona,HI 96740 Hawaii Cycling Club Hawaii Speleological Survey Mr.Chris Huber Mr.William R.Halliday P.O.Box 3246 101 Aupuni Street,k911 Kailua-Kona,HI 96745 Hilo,HI 96720 Hawaii Electric Light Company Mr.Kevin Whitener 74-5519 Kaiwi St. Kailua-Kona,HI 96740 A 5 156 Mailing List for Pre-Assessment Comment Thank-you Letters/Postcards Postcard recipients Mr.Paul Black Ms.Nancy Burns 75-5885 Walua Rd 73-1487 Hao St. Kailua-Kona,HI 96740 Kailua-Kona,HI 96740 Mr.George(Denny)Coffman Ms.Josephine Keliipio 77-203 Mal iko St. 76-168 Royal Poinciana Dr Kailua-Kona,HI 96740 Kailua-Kona,HI 96740 Mr.&Mrs.Adele and David Nelsen Piper Designs 75-5919 AIII Drive,H-3 Mr.Peter Piper Kailua-Kona,HI 96740 75-5944 Kuakini Hwy,k2 Kailua-Kona,HI 96740 Mr.Dan Sabo Mr.George Sandusky 76-6306 Mahuahua PI. 77-6300 Alii Drive Kailua-Kona,HI 96740 Kailua-Kona,HI 96740 Mr.Bob Smith Ms.Mary Ellen Smith (via email) (via email) Ms.Merry Anne Stone Tinguely Development 77-159 Kai Poi PI. Mr.Phil Tinguely Kailua-Kona,HI 96740 P.O.Box 9013 Kailua-Kona,HI 96745 Mr.Todd Ussery Kona Sea Villas 75-5851 Kuakini Hwy,k301 Mr.Tom and Brenda Walton Kailua-Kona,HI 96740 75-6060 Kuakini Hwy Kailua-Kona,HI 96740 Mr.Bob Ward Mr.Doug Wilkerson 77-6526 Hoolaupai St. P.O.Box 1107 Kailua-Kona,HI 96740 Kailua-Kona,HI 96745 General Construction Pacific Mr.Roger Pammer 75-5944 Kuakini Hwy Kailua-Kona,HI 96740 A 7 158 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment APPENDIX A-5 HISTORIC PRESERVATION CORRESPONDENCE March 2013 == Telephone Conversation Memorandum Br" C.M-Ofe — It...Kim un.A.Sumach �00 -' - Cepeery Dveam Parsons BnnekeehoH Pacific Tower,Suite 3000 o..ade B Bongnas,!nd 1001 Bishop Street DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS Honolulu,HI 96813 808-531-7094 Aupuni Confer Fax:808528-236B 101 Pouahi Soho'-•an,Honer{A{]x0-0xE0 (RO.)ISR)9fi1-ItE21•Fex(ROR)9fi1-RfiEO pr weer. Kuakini Hwy-DPW pb m.: f 6431A dare: 1011112005 October 27,2005 ranked ro:Mary Anne Maigret bnm: SHPD Mr.Peter T.Young Chairperson and State Historic Preservation Officer State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources it—naie—ser, Kuakini Hwy project-initiation of Section 106 601 Kamokila Boulevard, Kakuhihewa Bldg.,Room 555 Kapolei,Hawaii,96707 nd,nua nn obitannedi informed Mary Anne about the project and of County's intent to initiate Sectiori consultation. I tlescribetl Attention: Melanie Chine r,SHPD Administrator the widening extents,ROW impacts and/or retaining walls under the two main alternatives under consideration, However,we are still early In the planning process,and the project footprint has not been clearly defined(e.g., whether the final widening action Will not stay within ROW).She noted that the construction staging area should also be defined,if it will be in addition to the project footprint. Dear Mr.Young: We then broadly discussed potential project impacts.Mary Anne noted the need to define the APE,but Subject: Proposed Kuakini Highway Improvements Project Phase 2 agreed that it may be too early to pin this down.We agreed that initial information about the potential APE could be stated in the consultation letter. Kailua-Kona,Island of Hawaii,Hawaii She described the two most likely scenarios of concern to SHPD: Job No.P-371R,FAP No.STP 1910(2) _ _ National Historic Preservation Act,Section 106 and FIRS Chapter 6E 1)lava tube punctures-these must be addressed,if encountered.Tubes will likely be filled or crossed over. Coordination;Pre-Assessment Consultation for Environmental Assessment;and 2)Inadvertent discovery of burials In construction areas.-look at previous areas of discovery,conduct Notice of Public Information Meeting consultation,it discovered. Mary Anne also mentioned a historic property at"Keopuolani's House",located near the site of the existing The County of Hawaii Department of Public Works(DPW),in cooperation with the U.S.Federal Outback Steakhouse restaurant.In general,project planning should also take into consideration the potential Highway Administration(FHWA),proposes to widen Kuakini Highway,between Hualalai Road indirect,as well as direct,effects of its actions,particularly within Auhaukeae Ahupuan. and the future intersection with the proposed Ain Highway(see enclosed map). DPW proposes the widening to increase roadway capacity in the Kailua to Keauhou corridor. Thep jest area She stressed that both direct and indirect effects must be considered when assessing impacts on historic lies within Tax Map Key section 3-7-5. properties,In general.She cited visual Impacts as an example of the indirect Impact of the project on historic properties. Under the proposal,Kuakini Highway would be widened from its existing two-lane configuration She also suggested that the archaeological consultant review if there are any preservation agreements on to four lanes.Improvements may require construction of retaining walls,some cutting and filling private property in the project area. of slopes,and/or the possibility of additional right-ofway acquisition. We also discussed which Native Hawaiian Organizations(NHOs)shoultl be consulted under 106.We agreed On behalf of FHWA,w initiating environmental review of the subject project and that the following list is ok:Kona Hawaiian Civic Club,Hui Malama,Hawaii island Burial Council,OHA.Historic a are won Hawaii Foundation,although not an NHO,will also be kept on the list. I informed her that our consultation with S14PO in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation archaeological/cultural subconsultant is starting work,including additional informant interviews for a Cultural Act(NIB°A). We request your early review and comment on the"undertaking"description, Impact Assessment.The archaeological report and the CIA will be treated as companion documents. anticipated Area of Potential Effect(APE)for the p jest,and planned consultation efforts with other parties,as described below. This letter also summarizes our consultation activities to date aeedn.egd.ed: with your Historic Preservation Division stall -send letter to SHPD,attention Melanie Chlnen.Will be routed to Mary Anne -define construction staging area distnbwiun file DPW lAAll SHPD C= by:Nami Ohtomo Cwary ur Hawai'i is as Equal 0,,s,1 airy—A,and Employer- A 9 A-69 Mr.Peter T.Young Mr.Peter T.Young Page 2 of 3 Page 3 of 3 October 27,2005 October 27,2005 In addition,if you have knowledge of any other environmental or social issues associated with If the archaeological research and consultation input indicate that historic properties beyond the this project,or other concerns about the project,we would very much appreciate receiving such project footprint may be indirectly affected,the County and FHWA will coordinate further with information froin you within 30 days ofthe date ofthis letter. SP14D regarding potential modification ofthe APE definition. Proposed Undertakine Upon completion of the draft archaeological report,we will make a determination as to whether or not historic properties lie within the APE. Under the proposal,Kuakini Highway would be widened from a two-lane,undivided roadway to a four-lane roadway.Details ofthe proposed design are still under discussion,but improvements Consultation with Other Parties re likely to include raised medians,auxiliary lanes,bike lanes,concrete sidewalks,curb and gutter,utilities,drainage system,highway lighting,and intersection improvements. Due to the We plan to invite the following organi-tions to participate in NHPA Section 106 consultation: steep terrain in the project area,we anticipate that cutting and filling of slopes will be necessary throughout the project extents. • Kona Hawaiian Civic Club • Hui Malama I Na Kupuna 0 Hawai'i Nei We anticipate that two alternatives would be considered:one proposing widening within the • Hawaii Island Burial Council existing right-of-way(ROW);another proposing some cuts and fills beyond the existing ROW to • Office of Hawaiian Affairs minimi-the need for retaining walls. These and other project details will be developed further • Historic Hawaii Foundation during the conceptual design. We ask that S14PO review and provide any comments you may have regarding these matters Please note that we are currently preparing an archaeological report ofthe area and a companion within 30 days of receipt ofthis letter. cultural impact assessment. Notice of Public Information Meetine Consultation with Historic Preservation Division Staff This letter also serves as a notice of a public information meeting for the subject p ject on Thep j n project consultant,Parsons Brikerhoff(PB),contacted your Historic Preservation Division November 16,2005,fr.6:30 pm to 800 pm,at Kahakai Elementary School cafeteria,76-147 staff regarding the undertaking. PH consulted with Ms.Mary Anne Maigret of your staff via Royal Poinciana Drive,Kailua-Kona.Representatives from DPW and PH will be present to share telephone on October 11,2005.PH received the following comments regarding the undertaking's information,answer questions,and receive public comments pertaining to this project. potential impact on archaeological resources (i.e.,pre-contact or native Hawaiian historic properties)and other historic properties. If you have any questions or require additional information,please do not hesitate to contact Mr. Kimn Ender in our Kailua-Kona office at 808-327-3530. In this project area,there is a potential for encountering lava tubes. In the case that such lava robes are identified in the project area,the County would consult with S14PD and other potential Sincerely yours, stakeholders on appropriate design measures to minimize harm. Inadvertent discovery of burials within the project area would also warrant appropriate consultation. Your staff also noted the ��`'_� existence of historic properties along the p ject site. Such sites would be identified and /Y "~—` addressed in the archaeological report currently under preparation. In general,your staff noted /Bruce C.McClure,P.E. that project planning should consider the potential indirect and direct effects of its actions, Director of Public Works particularly within Auhaukeae Ahupuaa Such indirect impacts may include the visual impacts of project elements on historic properties. Attachment: Project location map Area of Potential Effect(APE)ofUndertakine c. Ms.Richelle Takara,FHWA Based on the initial description of the undertaking provided above,we anticipate that the APE Mr.David Atkin/Attn:Ms.Nami Ohtomo,Parsons Brinkerhoff pursuant to NHPA Section 106 would be the footprint of the proposed project,including the existing ROW as shown on the attached map. As project planning and conceptual engineering progresses,we will be better able to determine whether the footprint includes areas beyond the ROW. A-61 A-62 1 1 1 a 3 Memorandum o= moo a-� Rai roi .a o Iq 0 papala a To: File;Meeting attendees �'c S From: Nami Ohtomo Date: November 23,2005 °r E Subject: Kuakini Highway Improvements Project,Phase 2 a 3 MEETING MINUTES-Meeting with State Historic Preservation Division- PbA x 3 e; November 16,2005,10:00am;DLNR offices,Honokohau Harbor,Kailua-Kona A In Attendance: Mary Anne Maigret,SHPD,Hawaii Island Archaeologist Kiran Emler,DPW x Coral Rasmussen,IARII David Atkin,PB Nami Ohtomo,PB gsP�a r Handouts: Agentla 4 "d �uoi 0 IARII Letter report with map to PB,dated November 4,2005 pb iao�um Copy of unsignetl Section 1061nitiation letter from DPW to SHPD PB Telephone Conversation Mertes-with SHPD(October 11,2005) Other Materials:Map showing Sites/Features itlentifietl by IARII fieldwork,over laitl on �H a pl existing roadway topography CI C O C K nya?Viae C y - Introductions Project Description and Background N 6; PB verbally provided a project description,and noted that a Section 106 initiation letter had been sent from DPW to SHPD.(NOTE:Signed version was reportedly sent,but not available -- to PB.)That letter also contains project description language.PB reported that IARII completed fieldwork for the project in late October,and has provided a letter report to PB. x' The stutly area was defined as a 200-toot corridor,including and extending beyond the existing ROW.Therefore,not all mapped sites will necessarily be affected by the project. Summary of Fieldwork Findings Ma'ulani o, aiani St. x IARII presented the findings of their fieldwork within the 200-foot cortitlor,as summarized in the letter report,plus a map of prior study locations and known sites. IARII's team identified Nor St sites and mappetl locations with a GPS(Trimble Prci which has submeter or better accuracy. a A full report is under preparation by IARII.IARII stated that the full report will meet inventory survey standards,which will be submitted to SHPD for review. pa�a"�Rd o Coconut Grove Market Place-IARII noted in particular a very sensitive area near a "Keopuolani's House,'which used to exist at the current location of the Coconut Grove Overa century or E.ineerin9 Exeellenee A-63 A-64 moo moo Marketplace parking lot.Keopuolani was the sacred wife of Kamehameha(which IARII reported that Tom Weiland(sp?)has mapped the cave,and will try to obtain the Kamehameha not defined),indicating the level of significance of the area.There is a good documentation.A survey of the lava tube under this project may not be necessary.The chance that the sites mauka of the highway in this area are related to the house. amount of cave work necessary will be determined after IARII completes more research. Site 5608(Auhaukeae potential heiaul-Across the street(mauka)from Coconut Grove is Site SHPD inquired whether the project will go onto private property.PB explained that at least 5608(site number Temp-5 on summary table),which Is a possible heiau,and probable burial. one of the project alternatives will require work beyond the existing ROW.Right-of-entry has IARII feels this is the most obviously significant site. It Is outside the existing ROW,but was already been requested for on-going preliminary field work.Additional right of entry within the study area.SHPD referred to this as the"Lanihau Parcels"for the'Kona Hale Alii coordination may be needed if a survey of the lava tubes were needed. project,which includes this specific feature.IARII reported that this site needs additional research. Historic Walls:IARII reported that a variety of historic walls exist in the project area(garden walls,cattle walls,rock mounds,C shapes(temporary habitation),modified outcrops).They SHPD suggested we look at the re-zoning ordinance for Auhaukeae,which was passed for appear to be historic walls,but IARII is still assessing their significance,to determine if certain this area.A preservation agreement exists for a portion of the privately-owned Lanihau walls are eligible as historic properties.SHPD suggested considering questions such as how properties(NOTE:later determined 0 be parcels 67 and 54,according 0 the County old they are,who built the wall,and whether they are ahupua'a boundary walls. Ordinance 0574),while allowing redevelopment of a 4-acre portion in the corner of one of the properties.Therefore,SHPD said there may already be something in ordinance preserving Burials:IARII stated there area lot of previously identified burials,and suggested that the the cluster of historic sites mauka of the highway in perpetuity.SHPD reviewed the re-zoning. project will need an archeological monitor for inadvertent finds,given past history in the area. But the ordinance allows the subdivision of the 4-acre chunk for commercial development. The ordinance includes deed restrictions restricting development of the lower portion of the PB suggested that'inadvertent finds'of burials be addressed in a Section 106 MOA. site.A preservation plan was to have been a condition of the commercial rezoning. However,SHPD noted that an'Adverse Effect'determination needed to be made first,to trigger preparation of the MOA.Once an'Adverse Effect'determination is made and SHPD said a Rosentlahl study covered both of the Lanihau parcels,but the study was never concurred,the corresponding MOA could address inadvertent finds. reviewed,or accepted as an inventory survey.SHPD verified that the Rosentlahl study, completed in the 1980's,includes mapping,etc.,but probably does not meet current SHPD also needs to clarify/verity the distinction between inadvertent finds and previously standards for inventory survey. identified burials.SHPD believes that if a burial is found during the inventory survey phase, we will be asked to treat it as'previously identified'.However,if a burial is found after the SHPD wants a full inventory survey to be performed for the Lanihau parcels(but not Inventory survey Is completed,then it is considered an'inadvertent flnci SHPD will verity. necessarily as part of the Kuakini Highway project).The inventory survey would supercede the existing Rosentlahl survey. SHPD stated that the Chapter BE mitigation should also be sufficient for Section 106 regulatory requirements.See Section 43.6 of Chapter 6E,which deals with SHPD's response SHPD also noted a sewer line was also proposed in the area. to inadvertent finds and defines the process.Chapter 6E(8)applies to government projects. Laniakea Cave(lava tube)-The location/path of Laniakea cave is unknown,but is believed to NAGPRA would not be triggered because no federal properties are involved. cross under Kuakini Highway in the segment proposed for action.The cave runs between the Thurston Residence and Hale Halawai on the coast. Its depth is unknown.SHPD stated that TCPs:Traditional Cultural Properties(TCPs)can also be a historic property under Section burials are anticipated in the lava tube,and worshipping occurred in the cave. 106 and 6E.SHPD noted that TCPs must be geographically identified and bounded. SHPD stated it handles lava tube Issues on a case-by-case basis.How SHPD has dealt with Other Sites:SHPD stated that the Ben Corp property Is currently undergoing data recovery. caves so far has been controversial.SHPD reviews impact of caves only within the boundaries of the project action.Therefore,if a cave passes under highway,then it needs to IARII asked SHPD if there is activity on a property north of the Ben Corp parcel(tl028),which be addressed in that segment only.If we assert no impact on the cave,the basis of the no looked as if construction had been stopped near a potential site.SHPD did not have impact determination needs to be documented. Information on that property. If a tube is punctured and there are no historic properties,such as burials,there would be no SHPD noted there are preservation sites also on the"Tinguely property'(appears to be Parcel 106 nexus.However,the issue of collapsing the tube is to be discussed with SHPD. k095),between Kuakini Hwy and Walua Rd,adjacent to the existing Kona Mansions. Over a Century of Over a Century of Engineering Excellence Engineering Excellence A-65 166 moo moo Inventory survey:SHPD soecifed that the project follow State guideIiines for inventory survey, Additional Inventory Survey possible to identify and categorize all archaeological features.SHPD noted that the guidelines were developed to be responsive to 106 requirements. A SHPD goal is an inventory survey of the Lanihau properties(the Auhaukeae cluster). However,the road project is not responsible for the inventory survey of the entire Lanihau IARII reported it has already been treating this project as an Inventory survey,following state properties.Part of their property may be within our APE.In that case,the project's proposed guidelines. IARII is researching the significance criteria of previously identified sites,and will mitigation measure would be to preserve these sites in place,as stated in the re-zoning track the classification and mitigation for each site.It is expected that most of these sites may ordinance.The current status of this area needs to be documented in our inventory survey. have already been mitigated(such as mapping),and require no further work,or that data SHPD re-iterated that we need to check the County Rezoning Ordinance,which may also help recovery may be sufficient for many small resources,as long as they have been mapped. define the project's APE. Section 106 coordination letters will be issued.SHPD will"comment"on the inventory survey. However,SHPD explained that the problem with the Lanihau properties is that no preservation The County will report the results of the Section 106 consultation to SHPD,prior to requesting plan exists for those sites,because an Inventory survey was never done.A preservation plan SHPD concurrence with any effect determination. would have defined appropriate buffers to be preserved around these sites,including the probable heiau.It remains unclear whether the County could take action to complete an Defining the Project APE'Potential Impacts and Mitigation inventory survey and preservation plan for a private property,which may be affected by a County project.It is questionable if government funds could be expended to complete work PB discussed one possible APE definition:the project footprint,including the construction that should have been completed by private parties. zone.If the project action stays within the ROW,it would be a continuation of the status quo, such that SHPD would likely concur that the APE is the ROW. In the case that the proposed SHPD emphasized and DPW concurred that both direct and indirect effects must be action will be beyond the ROW,(such as for Alternative 2),SHPD stated that the construction considered. Indirect effects can include visual impacts,which could affect the integrity of the zone plus a buffer for various potential impacts(dust,runoff,visual,and noise)would be site.Planting trees was suggested as potential noise mitigation. adequate.SHPD noted that buffers for heouhave ranged in the past from 10 to 100 feet. SHPD stated that the APE for a cave would be limited to the construction zone(area of direct It is unclear if mitigation will be needed for walls,until IARII completes their significance Impact). assessment. SHPD suggested that consultation with organizations may help us propose an appropriate All parties agreed that It Is a little early to discuss impacts and mitigation,until the resources APE.The appropriate buffer size will be up to the County to determine. in the APE are identified. SHPD requests that the County map the limits of the APE,and propose mitigation for features Next Steps within the APE that may be affected. PB asked SHPD for clarification on the next steps.SHPD suggested the following: SHPD wants clear mitigation statements for affected resources. It must be clear which resources are being mitigated by the road project,and which resources would need to be 1. County consults with SHPD on APE mitigated by clevelopers of abutting parcels In subsequent actions.Responsibility for 2. Concurrence on effect determination mitigation of specific resources cannot be ambiguous between the DPW and abutting land owners. PB inquired whether an additional interim step of review and concurrence on site identification by SHPD would be necessary(after stakeholder coordination comments).SHPD indicated SHPD clearly stated that no mitigation proposals by the County for affected properties should that the additional step would not be necessary,but would verify. extend onto private property.SHPD has experienced problems with such mitigation actions affecting private properties.If the project has an adverse effect on features within a larger Consulted Parties complex,only those features affected need to be mitigated,not Impacts on the entire complex.The project(the County)need not assume mitigation responsibility for the entire PB noted that a proposed list of consulted parties is specified in the 106 consultation initiation complex,unless the entire complex is in the APE. letter.SHPD concurred with the list,and also suggested considering the following: IARII clarified that the previously identified sites may appear numerous on the map,due to 'Friends Of Laniakea Cave'Group-nominated the Laniakea Cave. Ask Jocylen At differences in industry standard on identifying sites and features.Some archaeologists tend SHPD for contact information. to lump features into a site(IARII preferred method),whereas others disaggregate individual People Who Provided Testimony On The Lanihau Parcels Rezoning(check features(e.g.portion of wall of a larger complex)and treat them as individual sites. proceedings) Over a Century of Over a Century of Engineering Excellence Engineering Excellence A-6] Its _ December 20,2005 moo Name Address Address • Daughters Of Hawaii City,State Zipcode PB asked with which organizations we should meet.SHPD suggested relying on the input Dear Mr./Mrs.(name): from the consultation process. Subject: Proposed Kuakini Highway Improvements Project,Phase 2, PB will try to get on the January Burial Council agenda. IARII and SHPD agree that the draft Hualalai Road to Alii Highway,Kailua-Kona,Island of Hawaii inventory survey needs to be completed before going to the burial council.IARII indicated Historic and Cultural Resources Consultation that this schedule should be possible. We are assisting the County of Hawaii Department of Public Works(DPW)and the U.S. ACTION ITEMS: Federal Highway Administration(FHWA)with the preparation of an Environmental 1) SHPD to research whether the project would have an adverse effect,based on the Assessment(EA)on their proposal to widen Kuakini Highway between Hualalai Road and possibility of encountering Inadvertent finds of burials. the future intersection with the proposed Alii Highway(see enclosed map).Work is 2) SHPD needs to clarify/verify the distinction between inadvertent finds and previously currently happening to widen Kuakini Highway between Palani Road and Hualalai Road. identified burials. This project would continue the widening of Kuakini Highway roughly 1.2 miles further 3) PB/County to get on the January Burial Council agenda,assuming IARII will complete south,to its planned intersection with the future Alii Highway. draft inventory survey beforehand. 4) IARII to complete draft Inventory survey and submit to PB. 5) SHPD to verify to PB If an additional Interim step of review and concurrence on site Purposes of the project include improving Kailua-Kona's roadway network by increasing identification by SHPD would be necessary. roadway capacity along this stretch of the highway,enhancing pedestrian and bicycle facilities,and improving roadway safety,drainage,and emergency access. The need for these improvements is expected to increase as the area continues to develop. We are writing to request your input on the project. Please note that as part of the EA process,we are currently conducting public outreach activities. For example,a community meeting for this project was held on November 161h at Kahakai Elementary School. Our intent with this letter is to focus specifically on historic properties that could be affected. Federal law requires consultation with interested parties regarding potential impacts to historic properties. Historic properties include archaeological resources,burials,historic structures and buildings,and traditional cultural properties. Your organization may be a potentially interested party. The project may involve increasing the number of lanes on Kuakini Highway from two to four lanes.The roadway design concept is still being developed,but may be similar to the widening of Kuakini Highway now under construction between Palani Road and Hualalai Road. Due to the steep terrain in parts of the project area,we anticipate that the widening may require excavation into side slopes,construction of retaining walls,and filling of downslope areas. Land acquisition to create sufficient roadway right of way may also be necessary. An archaeological report and a cultural impact assessment are being prepared for the project area. Early indications are that there are multiple historic properties in the vicinity of the project.We have also begun coordinating with the State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD)and have received some initial comments regarding the project's potential impact on archaeological resources and other historic properties. To date,we have identified the following historic properties within the vicinity of the project: Oxera Century of Engineering Excellence los A 0 Vicinity of Coconut Grove Market Place-This area within Auhaukeae Ahupuaa Very Truly Yours, appears to be very sensitive. The historic"Keopuolani's House"formerly existed at the current location of the Coconut Grove Market Place parking lot. Keopuolani was PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF QUADE&DOUGLAS,INC. the sacred wife of Kamehameha. Several archaeological sites that may be related to the house were identified on the mauka side of Kuakini Highway,across from Coconut Grove Market Place. In particular,a"platform"identified in this area may be eligible for the Hawaii and National Registers of Historic Places. Some of the Nami Ohtomo property is protected by a preservation agreement between the County and the Lead Environmental Planner private developer for the"Kona Hale Alii"project. Burials: A known burial monument is located in the sidewalk next to Coconut Grove Market Place.There may be other burials in the area. Enclosures: Project location map Laniakea Cave(lava tube)-Laniakea Cave is believed to cross under the northern cc. Ms.Richelle Takara,FHWA segment of Kuakini Highway.The cave may extend between the Thurston Mr.Kiran Emler,Hawaii County DPW Residence and Hale Halawai on the coast. The cave has reportedly been used for cultural practices,and burials may occur in the lava tube. Historic Walls:Several walls,which appear to be historic,exist in the project area, including a remnant of the Great Wall of Kuakini. Other Sites: Undeveloped properties adjacent to the roadway may also contain archaeological features. If you have additional information on these or other potential historic properties in the project vicinity,we would appreciate your assistance in identifying such sites and their significance. If you know other people we should contact to better understand the area's historic resources,please provide us with information on how to contact these people. The County of Hawaii wants to avoid impacts to significant historic properties as much as possible. Avoidance of these resources starts with knowledge of their location and significance.Your kokua in helping us design an improved roadway that is sensitive to its surroundings is greatly appreciated. We will send you a copy of the Draft EA when it is completed.The Draft EA will contain copies of the archaeological and cultural reports prepared for this project and letters showing the coordination activities we conducted. If you have any comments,concerns,or information pertinent to this project,please send them in writing within 30 days of receipt of this letter. If you require additional time to respond to this request,have additional questions,wish to be removed from the project mailing list,or otherwise require further information,please contact me at(808)531-7094, or via email at ohtomo@pbworld.com. A 1 A 2 PHONE(808)594-1888 PAX(808)894-1865 Mr.Clyde Namuo Ms.Fanny AuHoy ry I C Fs � a Es Administrator Daughters of Hawaii V Office of Hawaiian Affairs HuIhoe Palace 13 711 Kapiolani Blvd Suite 500 75-5718 Alii Drive STATE OF Hill Honolulu,HI 96813-5249 Kailua-Kona,HI 96740 OFFICE OF HAWAIIAN AFFAIRS 711 KAPI'OLANI BOULEVARD,SUITE Sen ♦AMRONS BNNCKERH i Ms.Ruby MacDonald Mr.Charles Young HONOLULU.HAWAN 96818 HONOLU Hxwan Big Island CAC Chair Office of Hawaiian Affairs Hawaii Island Burial Council 75-5706 Hanama Place Suite 107 State Historic Preservation Division IIRD05/21I IB Kailua-Kona,HI 96740 Department of Land and Natural January 10,2006 Resources Mr.David Scoff c/o SHPD 601 Kamokila Blvd.k555 Nami Cot.. Director Kapolei,HI 96707 Parsons,Brinkerhoff,Quade&Douglas Historic Hawaii Foundation American Savings Bank Tower PO Box 1658 Ms.Jo-Anne Kahanamoku Sterling 1001 Bishop Street,Suite 2400 Honolulu,HI 96806 Commifftee Chair Honolulu,11196813 Historic Kealakowa'a Heiau Preservation Mr.Kunani Nihipali Council RE: Pm.Consultafion for the Proposed Kaakffii Highway Improvements Project,Phase 2- Hui alai MalamalNaKupunaOHawaiiNei c/o Kona Outdoor Circle Educational Hual Road to Ali`i Highway,Kailua-Koua,Hawaii Island. PO Box 967 Center Kailua,HI 96734-0967 76-6280 Kuakini Hwy. Dear Nami Ohtoma, Kailua-Kona,HI 96740 Ka Lahui Hawaii The Office of Hawaiian Affairs(ORA)is in receipt of your December 20,2005 request for comment on P.O.Box 4964 the above listed proposed project.OHA offers the following contracts: HlIn,HI 96720 Please contact Ruby McDonald of OHA's Kailua Kona office es she will likely be able w assist you in President your pix-c asultatiar effort Tharilc you for your continued co respondence. Kona Hawaiian Civic Club P.O.Box 4098 OHA further requests your assurances that if the project goes forward,should iwi or Native Hawaiian-------------- Kailua-Kona,HI 96745 cultural or traditional deposits be found during ground disturbance,work will cease,and the appropriate agencies will be contacted pursuant to applicable law. Thank you for the opportunity to crnnment.If you have further questions or concerns,please contact Jesse Yorek at(808)594-0239 or jessevfla oha.ore. `O wau the no. Administrator I CC_ Ruby McDonald OHA Community Affairs Coordinator(Kailua-K—) 75-5706 Manama PL,Suite 107 Kailua-Kona,HI 96740 A-73 A-74 Parsons American Savings Sank Tower == Telephone Conversation Memorandum enn=.ed ee om aia eg HI-96H 11 re z<oo Fbnolulu, 13 ——_ _ ffi19-531-7094 Fax HO&52H-236H �00 runsx Parsena erna.emee American Savings Bank Tower,Suite 2400 August 31,2006 Ouade B Douglas,fne 1001 Bishop Street Honolulu,H19CB13 Laniakea Foundation 808-531-7094 Fax:808528-23CB 765 Kumllkahi Place Honolulu,Hawai'i 96825-1114 Pm]e Kuakini Hwy pb—16431A Bare:January 23,2006 Subject: Proposed Kuakini Highway Improvements Project,Phase 2 geed ea Mary Anne Maigret bnm: SHPD-Big Island Hualalai Road to Alii Highway Kailua-Kona,Island of Hawai'i Hawaii Island Archaeologist Historic and Cultural Resources Consultation item rbseaasee: discussion of potential APE;recap of 18Jan06 HIBC rate Dear Sir or Madam. :nrermeeon abre:nee: We are assisting the County of Hawaii Department of Public Works(DPW)and the U.S. Determining the APE: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) with the preparation of an Environmental We greed that a logical APE may be something that follows the contours of the project limits of construction Assessment(EA)on their proposal to widen Kuakini Highway between Hualalai Road (project footprint),plus an additional buffer zone.Mary Anne suggested that the APE does not have to cover and the intersection with the proposed Alii Highway (project location illustrated in entire TMKs.It should encompass all sites near the road,which may be affected directly or indirectly.Using attachments). Kuakini Highway was recently widened from two to four lanes between only the project footprint would not be sufficient for the APE,because of potential indirect impacts on sites. Palani Road and Hualalai Road. This project would extend the widening of Kuakini She suggested that we consider the resources potentially affected to determine how much of a buffer would be Highway to four lanes roughly 12 miles further south,to its planned intersection with appropriate.Such buffers may range from 10 to 100 feet,depending on varying factors.Consultation with the the future Alii Highway. Due to the steep terrain in parts of the project area, the project archaeologists should help to determine an appropriate buffer. _ widening may require excavation into side slopes,construction of retaining walls,and Mary Anne suggested that issues to consider include the following:noise impacts(how far will the sound filling of down slope areas. Land acquisition to create sufficient roadway right of way travel?);visual intrusion at sensitive sites(how will lights/headlights affect the site at nighttime,if there are may also be necessary. nighttime worship activities?Will walls be placed in front of the resource?Is this desirable?);will project actions block access or open up too much access for vandals and trash-dumping?,will there be a pull-out that Purposes of the project include improving Kailua-Kona's roadway network by could facilitate access(for better or for worse)?; increasing roadway capacity along this stretch of the highway,enhancing pedestrian and bicycle facilities, and improving roadway safety, drainage, and emergency Mary Anne's suggestions for future participation at burial council meetings: access. The need for these improvements is expected to increase as the area - Determine APE first continues to develop. - Indicate ahupuaa name In agenda Item announcements-this will bring more people specifically We are writing to request your input,particularly with respect to historic properties in knowledgeable about the area. the project area. Historic properties include archaeological resources,burials,historic - Submit(draft)reports for archaeology and/or cultural impacts,in advance structures and buildings, and traditional cultural properties. Knowledge that your organization has regarding historic properties in the area could help in the evaluation of project alternatives and mitigation measures. We think that your group may have mean mydme: particular expertise with respect to Laniakea Cave,which crosses the northern end of Consult with IARII for appropriate APE size and shape. the project area. An archaeological report and a cultural impact assessment have been prepared for the project area and are enclosed,for your review and comment. N rri chi Over a Century of Engineering Exeellenee A 5 A-]6 La is-Foundation La is-Foundation Page 2 a 3 Page 3 M3 Aug-31.2006 fwgusf 3l, �00 �00 To date,we have identified the following historic properties within the vicinity of the If you have any comments,concerns,or information pertinent to this project, please project: send them in writing within 30 days of receipt of this letter. If you require additional • Vicinity of Coconut Grove Market Place: This area within Auhaukeae time to respond to this request,have additional questions,wish to be removed from the Ahupuaa appears to be very sensitive. The historic"Keopuolani's House' project mailing list,or otherwise require further information,please contact me at(808) formerly existed at the current location of the Coconut Grove Market Place 566-2239,or via email at hayesja@pbworld.com. parking lot. Keopuolani was the sacred wife of Kamehameha. Several Very Truly Yours, archaeological sites that may be related to the house were identified on the mauka side of Kuaki ni Highway,across from Coconut Grove Market Place. PARSONS BRiNCKERHOFF,INC. In particular,a"platform"identified in this area may be eligible for the Hawaii and National Registers of Historic Places. Some of the property is protected by a preservation agreement between the County and the private developer for the"Kona Hale AN"project. �es Lead Environmental Scientist • Burials: A burial monument is located in the sidewalk next to Coconut Grove Market Place. During a waterline construction project by the County's Department of Water Supply, additional burials were recently discovered Enclosures: under the existing roadway in the same area. There may be other burials in 1. Draft Archaeological Inventory Survey for the Kuakini Highway Improvements the area. Project,Phase 2,Hualalai Road to Ali'i Highway,Kailua-Kona,Hawai'I,TMK:7- • Lan iakea Cave(lava tube): Laniakea Cave crosses under the northern part 5-8,9,10,17,18,19,and 30(POR.);by International Archaeological Research of the proposed project. The cave may extend between the Thurston Institutes,Inc.,April 2006 Residence and Hale Halawai on the coast. The cave has reportedly been 2. Draft Cultural Impact Assessment Study for the Kuakini Highway Improvements used for cultural practices,and burials may occur in the lava tube. Project,Phase 2 Hualalai Road to Ali i Highway,Kailua Kona,Island of Hawaii; • Historic Walls: Several walls which appear to be historic exist in the project by Social Research Pacific,Inc.,April 2006 area,including a remnant of the Great Wall of Kuakini. • Other Sites: Undeveloped properties adjacent to the roadway may also cc. Ms.Richelle Takara,FHWA contain archaeological features. Mr.Kiran Emler,Hawaii County DPW If you have additional information on these or other potential historic properties in the project vicinity,we would appreciate your assistance in identifying such sites and their significance. If you know other people we should contact to better understand the area's historic resources,please provide us with information on how to contact those people. The County of Hawaii wants to avoid impacts to significant historic properties as much as possible. Avoidance of these resources starts with knowledge of their location and significance. Your kokua in helping us design an improved roadway that is sensitive to its surroundings is greatly appreciated. We will send you a copy of the Draft EA when it is completed and you will have an additional opportunity to comment on the project at that time. Engineering Exeellenee Engineering Exeellenee Telephone Conversation Memorandum From: Chrome,Nami Sent: Tuesday,December 27,2005 11:41 AM moo To: 'konaoutdoorcircle@konacoast.corri Subject: Message for Jo-Anne Kahanamoku-Sterling(Kealakowaa Heiau),re Kuakini Hwy project parsons enn —ff American Savings Bank Tower,Suite 2400 a—s Dougras,In° 1001 Bishop Street Honolulu,HI 96813 Hi Jo-Anne, 808-531-7094 Fax:808-528-236B Thank you for your voice mail. Sorry I missed your call. I tried you at your home number,and also at the Outdoor Circle office,but no luck. pro]- Kuakini Hwy pb— 16431A eaee:January 25,2006 I hope this email reaches you safely. eanee en:Keola Lindsey brim: SHPD-Big Islantl I appreciate your offer of assistance and involvement on the project,and we will keep Hawaii Islantl Burials coordinator you informed.You may be interested to know that we are planning on making a project aem rbseassee:follow-up to Jan.18,2006,HIBC meeting presentation to the Hawaii Island Burial Council in January(location not yet determined, but SHPD staff says it will be on Weds,Jan 18 in Kailua-Kona somewhere). IPII probably be just some preliminary information and request for input,and I believe you .n/o.maem"°b�d11Pfb have already been contacted by our cultural impact subconsultant(Usha Pmsad),but you I contacted Keola to ask whether we should attend the Hawaii Island Burial Council,meeting in February,since may find the presentation useful. some HIBC members indicated confusion about the Section 106 process,why we were making a presentation about the project,and frustration about not reviewing any of the relevant materials beforehand. -Nami Keola saitl that unless there is a specific request from us,the item will not be placed on the agenda. If the project is not on the agenda,it will not be discussed.He said it is up to us,whether we choose to come back Nami Ohtonm to the HIBC for recommendations or general thoughts.He felt there is no expectation by the HIBC that this issue be on the agenda next month.He noted that since we attended the meeting wanting feedback/general Parsons Brinkerhoff-Honolulu thoughts,and we tlitl not get any at the meeting on Jan.18,we may choose to come back to accomplish our ASH Tower,Suite 2400(new address as of 12/20/04) goal.I clarified that we tlitl accomplish one of our goals,which was to share information about the project with 1001 Bishop Street the HIBC,and to provide them an opportunity to give us their comments,as part of early consultation. Honolulu,HI 96813 Recommendations and feedback from the Council was requested,but optional,although this was a point of tel(808)566-2239 confusion among the Council members at the meeting. fax(808)528-2368 I suggested that the next appropriate time for us to return to the HIBC would be when we have new information to share with the HIBC,such as the draft archaeological report and cultural impact assessment.Kean concurred,and also suggested that,depending on what adverse effects may later be identified under Section 106,that may be the best time at which to request HIBC's involvement. I asked whether HIBC could instead respond to us in writing,replying to our December 20,2005 consultation letter.He noted that HIBC does NOT respond to such letters,unless it is specifically"agentlizetl"(put on the agenda)and discussed by the entire Council.Approval of the wording for a letter,or a decision to delegate the writing of a letter to an HIBC member,must first be decided at a Council meeting.Keola suggested that if such a discussion were held at a full HIBC meeting,we would probably want to attend anyway,since there are likely to be questions and discussion.We would also have to initiate the discussion by requesting the subject be properly"agendized". aeeon.egd.erc None.Project team may choose to re-appear before HIBC at a later date,with additional Information. d^—bl. fde /AR// SRP DPW by:Nami Ohi A 9 A-s9 Ahupua`a and Tax Map Key(TMK)Located within the Kuakini Highway Improvements Date: Mamh 26,2007 Project d' Submittal Sheet for Historic Ahu na`a Tax Ma Key Preservation Review Filing Fees Hienaloli 6' 7-5-009:023,048,and 052 - `Auhaukea`e 2" 7-5-009.025 and 055 State Historic Preservation Division `Auhaukea`e 1" 7-5-009.029,053,054,and 059 601 Kamokila Blvd.,#555,Kapolei,Hawaii 96707 Pua`a 3 7-5-018.012 and 028 A enc/Firm(re t n Federal H,hw Ad Pua`a 2" 7-5-010:003;7-5-018:028;7-5-009:003,004,010,040,and 056 g y gnes g review): g ay5 zmtion Pua`a 1" 7-5-009:021,023,057 Co t: Rwhdk Takara Wai`aha 2" 7-5-017:037;7-5-018:041 and 043;7-5-30:024 and 025 Phone 541 2700a311 Fax 541 2704 E-mail: dchcllc.mka CrtPowa.dotgov Wai`aha 1" 7-5-017:037;7-5-018:007,089,090,091,092,094,095;7-5-010:085 Address Box 50206:Honolulu,Hawaii 96850.._. _... _. Tithe of R,tn t Phm: 1 Archaco I cnmry Su -cy for the Kuakm H ghway l p ry ncnt Pr�cct,m Phase2 Hualalat Roadm Ah`t Htghwy,Kadua Kona�Hawat`t 2 A Cultural Impact A mcnt Smly tar the Kuak ni Highway Imp—m—Protect,Phaso 2 Hualalm Road to AL`t Highway,Kmhm K a,Island,fHawai`i 1 I rd Haw.i i Dist North Kona Ahupua'a 9(sec attached) TMK[(1)1-1-001 001] (3)7.5 008,009,010 017,018,019,znd.030(sec attached) Submitted Plan/Report Fee&Type:(All tcports m plans submitted m SHPD for review shall be accompanied by the appropriate fe in a"mdance with HAR§13-275-4 and§284-4). Indicate hem(X)if,.port is a m-submitml(no fe charged) $50 Archaeological Assessment $150 Archaeological Mvenmry Survey Plan X $450 Archaeological,Amhitectuml or Ethnographic Survey Report $150 Pmscrvation Plan _S25 Monimring Plan S 150 Archaeological Data Recovery Plan S250 Burial Tmatmcnt Plan S 100 Archaeological Monimring Report,if-.-tcported S450 Archaeological Data Recovery Report $450 Ethnographic Documentation Report $25 Burial Disinterment Report $50 Osteological Analysis Report Make check payable m"Hawai`i Historic Preservation Special Fund"A service charge of$15 will be assessed on all dish onotcd checks pursuantm FIRS§40- 35.5.A copy ofthis form will be mmlyd or faxrd back m you and will serve as Fee Total:$ Exempt yourr—la. For Office Use Onl: Dale Received: Rccci tNo Payment Method: Cash: $ Check Check No.: Log.No.: Receipt Issued by: T—my Dc osit Rccci tNo 2 � relocated utilities,drainage structures,highway lighting intersection improvements,and driveway rmprovements.Due to the steep terrain in the project area,cutting and filling of slopes os Derxxtri— ionsporolo Hawaii olmsbn would be necessaryand additional right-of way ROW may be needed depending on the design or honsportoAa� Box Bozos alternative selected. b y(ROW) y p g g r•d•ml Highway 300 Al.Moaita osasc.tl,Room moB AdmiNstrattan Honolulu,HI 96850 - 1'ho two design alternatives are as fellows:one proposes widening within the existing ROW; another proposes widening beyond the existing ROW to minimize the need for and height of April3.2007 retaining walls.ROW impacts under the alternative with greater impacts are shown on the attached maps.Also shown are the limits of construction(LOC)where temporary ground m Reply neterT.: disturbance may occur.The LOC is generally 10 feet beyond the edge of the existing and/or HEC-HI future ROW,plus anticipated driveway adjustments and construction staging areas.Because the construction staging area cannot be identified definitively at this time,we have indicated four Mr.Peter T.Young possible sites for the staging area.Locations of potential historic properties discussed in the draft Chairperson and State Historic Preservation Officer inventory survey(attached)are also shown.We assumed the worst-case design alternative(the State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources alternative requiring additional ROW)as the basis of our effect determination below. 601 Kamokila Boulevard Kakuhihewa Bldg.,Room 555 Additional Coordination and Consultation with SHPD Staff Kapolei,Hawaii 96707 In addition to communications with your Historic Preservation Division staff(Ms.Mary Anne Maigret)via telephone on October 11,2005,DPW and its consultants also met with SI-IPD staff Attention: Melanie Chinen,SHPD Administrator on November 16,2005.In addition,consultant Parsons Brinkerhoff(PB)also followed up with Ms.Maigret via phone on January 26,2006 for additional guidance on defining the APE.Mr. Dear Mr.Young: Keefe Lindsey of the burials program was also consulted multiple times in the context of identifying or contacting cultural informants,and also coordinating an informational presentation The County of Hawaii Department of Public Works(DPW),with the assistance of the Federal - to the Hawaii Island Burial Council(HIBC)that occurred on January 18,2006. - Highway Administration(FHWA),proposes to widen Kuakini Highway to four lanes between Hualalai Road and the future,intersection with the proposed Ah'i Highway.In a letter dated Consultation with Other Parties October 27,2005,DPW initiated Section 106 consultation with the SHPD under the National Through correspondence sent on December 20,2005,we invited the following organizations to Historic Preservation Act(NHPA)for the proposed Kuakuh Highway Improvements Project participate in NHPA Section 106 consultation: Phase 2,Kadua-Kona,Island of Hawaii,Hawaii Job No.P-3718,FAP No.STP-1910(2).An . Kona Hawaiian Civic Club area of potential effect(APE)was also proposed in that letter. The purpose of this letter is to provide the following items: • Hui Malam i I Na Kupuua O Ifawai`i Nei • refined description of the"undertaking", • Hawai`i Island Burial Council(HIBC) • details of additional coordination with your staff, • Office of Hawaiian Affairs(ORA) • results of consultation with other parties. Daughters of Hawaii • refined description of the APE and historic properties identified,and • Historic Kealakowa'a Heim Preservation Council • FHWA's effect determination for those historic properties within the project's APE. • Ka Labor Hawaii • Historic Hawaii Foundation We request that you review our draft archaeological inventory survey(enclosed)and concur with our effect determination pursuant to Section 106. In addition,oil August 31,2006,correspondence was sent to the Laniakea Foundation inviting We consider that these activities,which we are conducting to comply with Section 106,are also them to participate in the NHPA Section 106 consultation;however they have not responded sufficient to comply with Hawaii Revised Statutes(HRS)Chapter 6E. Although not considered part of the Section 106 consultation,project consultants made an informational presentation at the January 2006 meeting of HIBC mid requested its members Refined Description of the Undertaking provide additional relevant information. Kuakini Highway would be widened from a two-lane,undivided roadway to a four-lane roadway.Improvements include auxiliary lanes,bike lanes,sidewalks,curbs and gutters, An—.no—, AMERICAN ECONol I— 3 4 We received one written reply from OHA requesting assurance that should abut far be B. Historic sites on which highway construction will have no effect but potential discovered,work would cease and the appropriate agencies would be contacted.OHA also construction staging may cause an adverse effect,depending on where construction requested that we consult with their Kadua-Kona representative,Ms.Ruby McDonald. staging takes place: Members of our project team have been in touch with Ms.McDonald for information and - Corallbomndary walls,Site 23662 guidance. - - Rock outcrop/quarry,temporary Site 3 - Ms.Jo-Anne Kahanntroku-Sterling of(lie Historic Keatakowa`a Hciau Preservation Council also - Lava blister,temporary Site 4/Site 25032 contacted us to offer assistance.Input from both Ms.McDonald mid Ms.Kahanamoku-Sterling are reflected in project reports. C. Sites evaluated in the IARII report and found to be modern or not meeting any of the criteria for NHRA eligibility: Refined Description of,the Area of Potential Effect(APE) - Modern rock wall on makai side of Kuakini Highway,Site 22057 Because we are in the early project planning'stage,the APE was conservatively defined as a 200- - Modern rock wall on mauka side o Kuakini Highway,Site 23666 toot wide corridor 100 feet on either side of the existing Kuakini Highway centerline.A corridor - Boundary wall,Site 23665(rebuilt with modern materials) that size was presumed to be more than sufficient to encompass the auto project footprint and document historic resources that could be effected by the project even if they were outside the D.Historic site on which the project will likely have no effect but further evaluation is actual limits of construction. necessary: Subsequent conceptual engineering confirmed that the APE is wider than the limits of 1. Laniakea Cave,Site 7248 construction and captures all areas of potential effect.The only exception is the possibility that E. Historic sites on which the project will have no effect but avoidance,protection, conshuction staging areas could extend beyond the 200-foot wide APE.Should the selected andlor mitigation may be necessary: construction contractor choose to use a construction staging area beyond those areas already 2. Temporary habitation site,temporary Site 2/Site 25030 surveyed,it would be an obligation of the contractor to survey for historic properties any areas beyond those already addressed. 3. Kuakini's Wall,Site 6302 4. Burial and memorial,Site 21189 Historic Properties Identified and Effect Determination 5. Platforms and occupation area,Site 5608 features BBB,CCC,DDD,and Data gathered during archaeological research and consultation with cultural informants indicated WWW that historic properties either lie within or close to the project footprint.Because these properties may be directly or indirectly affected,the project team has prepared an archaeological inventory P. The proposed project would have an adverse effect on the historic sites in this group; survey and a companion cultural impact assessment(CIA).Both reports are attached for your however,no mitigation is required because they have been fully documented and information.We request that SHPD review the inventory survey;the CIA is provided for preservation is not deemed necessary_ additional information. 6. Boundary wall,Site 6300 IARII documented all sites found within the 200-foot wide APE in its inventory survey. A total 7. Kamehameha V LCA boundary wall,Site 11059 feature 8 of 21 sites,some with multiple features,were recorded.The sites and features identified by 8. Ranching boundary wall,Site 15508 IARII have been separated into the following categories: A. Historic sites on which the project will have no effect: All the sites listed above are discussed in detail in the IARII report(attached)and illustrated in Rock clearing pile,Site 11059 feature 4 the attached figures.Sites in category A are not discussed here because[lie project will not have any effect on them.Because the location of the construction staging area is not known at this - Ranching wall,Site 15514 time,sites iu category B are not discussed here.Furthermore,because the APE did not cover the Rock outcrop,Site 22045(possible) entire area of all conceivable construction staging areas,it will be the responsibility of the Rock wall,Site 22053(possible) contractor to select a staging area and obtain Section 106 clearance of that area prior to starting Wall remounts,Site 22054(possible) work.The contractor will be provided the IARII report to assist is their selection of a construction staging area.Sites in category Care not discussed here because they are not Agricultural landscape,Site 23686 features 187,188,189,190,191,and 197 historic sites. Rock mound,temporary Site I The numbered sites and features listed in categories D,E,and F arc discussed briefly below and But encountered during 16-inch diameter water line installation(they have in detail in the attached IARII report. been relocated outside the APE) 5 6 1.L.aniakea Cave(Site 72481 a stone memorial was erected on the sidewalk,which now fronts the shopping center.The Laniakea Cave is a lava tube that ties directly beneath Kuakini Highway between Hualalai Road remains are a little more than 2 feet(about 70 centimeters)below the surface.'Phis site is not and the Keopu Stream drainage channel.The cave's exact location is unclear,but the cave is eligible For the NRHP,but is eligible For the Hawaii Register under Criterion E. known to connect an entrance near Life ruins of Thurston house(some 800 feet east of the APE) The proposed project would not disturb this feature and the sidewalk on which the memorial is with Hale Hzlawai on the coast of Kailua-Kona.Furthermore,the cave is believed to be located placed.Care will be taken during construction to avoid and preserve the burial by limiting the between the intersection of Kuakini Iligli—y and Hualalai Road and the box culvert that depth of disturbance in the area.Therefore,no effect is anticipated for this burial and conveys Keopu Stream under Kuakini Highway 'The cave is eligible for the NRHP under Criterion D,and the Hawaii Register under Criteria D and E. monument. The project will likely cause no adverse effect on the cave for the following reasons: 5.Platforms and Occupation Area(Site 5608.Features BBB CCC.DDD,and W W W) • The crossing of the cave under Kuakini Highway is believed to be deep. This site with multiple features is located east(mauka)of the roadway,across from Coconut, Grove Marketplace,and contains multiple features.The features BBB,CCC,ODD are described The cave was not encountered during the installation of a water line beneath the as platforms,are approximately 50 feet east of the LOC,are likely to be eligible for the NRHP existing Kuakini Highway roadway. under Criterion D,and eligible for the Hawaii Register under Criterion E.Feature WWW is For these reasons,the FHWA has rendered a`tiro effect"determination for Laniakea Cave. described as an occupation area,is approximately 30 feet east of the LOC,and is likely to be However,as an extra precaution,project engineers will inspect the reverent an opening near the eligible for NRHP and the Hawaii Register under Criterion D. roadway which could be connected to the cave to determine the cave's alignment and depth The FHWA has rendered a"no effect"determination for this site.It would not be directly beneath the project area.In the unlikely event that the cave is found to be shallow enough to be affected by construction due to its distance from construction activities.To protect the features affected by the project,the roof of the cave would be bridged.The cave would not be breached. the following precautions will be taken: If piles were required,they would be placed beyond the extent of the cave. • Install temporary construction fencing between the features and the LOC to protect 2.Temnorary Habitation Site(Site 25030,Temp 2 in inventory survey) the features during construction. This C-shaped structure is located in the vacant parcel adjacent to Pottery Terrace,and is at least . Install rock walls along the highway ROW in the vicinity of the features,if no 14 feet from the limits of construction. It may have served as temporary habitation.It is deemed - retaining wall 4 feet high or higher is required by the project,to preserve a buffer area eligible for the NRHP and the Hawaii Register under Criterion D.The inventory survey of at least 30 feet between widened Kuakini Highway and the features. This would recommended avoidance of this site. create a physical barrier between the highway and features to protect them,similar-to The FHWA has rendered a"no effect"determination for this site. It would not be directly the rock wall that now exists between the highway and the features. affected by construction due to its distance from construction activities.However,construction fencing would be installed as a precautionary measure during construction to ensure it is avoided 6,7,and 8.Rock Walls(Sites 6300:11059,Feature 8'and 15508) and protected. These walls are likely to be eligible for NRHP and the Hawaii Register under Criterion D.The rock walls are ranching or boundary walls and are relatively common in the area.Only the 3.ICuakini's Wall(Site 6302) portion of the rock walls present in the ROW will be removed by the project.The archaeological Two segments of Kuakinrs Wall,also known as the Great Wall of Kuakini,were found on either survey indicates that the walls have been fully documented and preservation or mitigation is not side of Kuakini Highway near the OmOnt Smeet/Walua Road intersection with Kuakini recommended. Highway.The existing Kuakini Highway appears to have breached this wall.Tire wall is Because small portions of these walls within the highway right-of-way would be removed,the eligible for the NRHP and the Hawaii Register under Criteria B,C,D,and E(Hawaii Register FITWA has rendered an"adverse effect"determination for these historic walls.However,no only). mitigation is proposed because the wall has been fully documented. The FHWA has rendered a"no effect"determination for this historic wall.The distance of this site from the limits of construction indicates that there would be no direct.construction-period Additional Resources impacts on this wall.However,due to the importance of this wall,construction fencing will be Inadvertent discovery of subsurface cultural deposits is possible during construction.If a burial installed around die closest approach of the wall segments to the construction zone,as a is encountered during construction,all work in that area would be temporarily halted,and the protective measure. proper agencies and organizations would be notified,including SHPD.Archaeological monitoring will be conducted during construction,and a monitoring plan will be prepared and 4.Burial and Memorial(Site 21189) submitted to SHPD for approval. This burial lying within the Kuakini Highway ROW was an inadvertent discovery in 1998 during the construction of Coconut Grove Marketplace.The human remains were not directly associated with an individual or a specific family in the area.The remains were left in place arrd 7 Request for Review and Concurrence We ask that SI-IPO review and concur with the effect determination provided herein within 30 days of receipt of this letter.We also request a review of our draft archaeological inventory survey. Once we agree on the effect determination and the mitigation measures,a memorandum of agreement(MOA)will be drafted to record:(a)the protective plans outlined above for known nearby historical resources,and(b)our monitoring and contingency plan related to inadvertent discovery(Archaeological Recovery Plan)program. If you have any questions or require additional information,please do not hesitate to contact me at 808-541-2700 ext.311. Sincerely yours, / ----� Richelle Takara,P.E. e° ,Mx:,.scs.an ..x:,.scs.a„ .soao,s xe, w..��r�,.� Transportation Eng .n,a.saa oaa ti�csli,,, orea�,��an ueer P -, sn,smera.wrnv --------------- Attachments: u aak,ni ghri _ _ I)Area of Potential Effect(APE)maps(3) _ ,r - - 2)Draft Archaeological Inventory Survey(Apt d 2006) ssl=-°" 6"t----------- � atr",rpam ---------- -- MK. 3)Draft Cultural Impact Assessment(April 2006) x.e,,soa.00s.�, cc(without attachments): TW Mr.Kiom Enter,DPW Mr.James Hayes,PB Ms.Coral Rasmussen,IARII —v aaa sera'� HisroricVroperties in AVE RcHon t Legend Farobgdo 9 9 reawn or FurrFerEvalua �ss --Medern Nock Walk � ` i'S �' Nniversiry immaw.Sunkr �.� ii•""•^ o(Me Natuns w ` ` ixx.r.sososs PJenOa'CmslNdon Siagm9Neas � '� 1 sT.am � __ t - P:'ten�M � m:ooa IPosiim�simn� R'JM'rerah'P.«c xe. WnXetiry mme xeia�`b ����WS�//� en0 m g 4 W Larry � PG JC slNdon SWgm Nea S°� +i r NN ie 1BB _ 3NN ie 1Br 'esmm _______________ J - I � s>eae al9r aR K V•'N'M1W r - _ xxro g ----------- _ S'mep sys � inx rt -sne ad9� 9 y '[aloe ris ' w[am avenwrez net g5 •� �� s r s s the Mare I irAer KKo oae - ItarelMtiiaii uw Rn�ers � M s / i a s (coiwom numq �� aui - � Legend awn 9n r iogimis,rvim,weNea W�aRa - _ Hi—&PropertiesMAPE-S-d..2 s �'� Hl—&PropertiesMAYE-S-d..3 o �m ran. rcuakr g y p menn MCKnrlua rcona,naz rc I o �m zu n. rcuakr g y p rrrenn Le cKarlua rcona,naz rz RECEIVED Ms.Tiduar. OCT 12 2097 Page 3 NAWAII DIVISION STATE OF HAWAII Temporary Site I and Temporary Site 3 are not located within the proposed APR. Plaurso provide a DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES 'M significance evaluation for these sites and yourjustification for these evaluations. resT OFFICEBQX621 Given that the disposition of the human remains that were inadvertently discovered during the Kunkel trourn-'u-,"I. Highway 16-inch Waterline Project is was unknown at the time that this report was published,an recommendation was,proposed for these remains. According to the document accompanying the October 9,2007 submitted report,the human rematins,recovered during the Waterline Project were relocated outside ofthe APE Riclulle Tks,,,,P.E. LOG NO:2007.1203 U.S.Department of Transportation DOC NO:0709EDI 8 Before we can accept this report in,fulfilling the requirements of§13-276-5,Hawai'i Administrative Federal Highway Administration,Haven't Division Archaeology Rules(HAR),we request that the following additional comments be addressed Box 50206 300 Ala lloorm Boulevard,Room 3-306 (1)Page 1,first paregmah;please replace"1 3M to"with"30.5 Honolulu,Hawaii 96850 (2)Page 37,Photo 1,we understand that the archaeologists are in the photo for scale;however, Do.Ms.Takes- you may wish to consider replacing the photo given that this photo with the archaeologists on the platform may seem culturally inappropriate to some.Thu text states that the platform SUBJECT: National Historic Preservation Ravi-(NHPA)Section 106 Review- in the photo may possibly be one of the features identified by Rosooduld in a previous survey Draft Archaeological Inventory Survey for the Kuakmi Highway Improvements as,a probable banal.If this platform is not on of the probable burials,the branch coral and Project,Phase 2,H..I.I.i Read to AIN Highway the upright basalt may be indicative of religious function of this feature. Hhaml.li 6";'A.hxmkca'e V`and 2";Proka 1",2"and 3";Wai'aba I'and 2'; and Khrd"d U`Ahuprm'a,North Koluda District,Island of Hawaii (3)Page 49,NRTIP criterion A,please charge"hour"to "Lls.fill .009,OM 017,018,019,and 030:various parcels (4)Page 50,them is no reference of Site CS4 throughout the text of the report. It is an, Thank you for submitting the aforementioned report by Riumm-(April 2006),which we received on understanding that Site CS4 is the burial mound that has been assigned SHIP number 21189, April 12,2007. We apologize for the delay in responding. The report documents the archaeological Please replace"CS4"with"21139." inventory survey(ATS)conducted by International Archaeological Research Institute,Inc of the Kuakini Highway Improvements project area between October 24 and October 28,2005.Archaeologists surveyed (5)Please depict Site-22054 on the appropriate maps, a 200 foot wide corridor along 1.2 miles of Kmrkim Highway, No subsurface testing was conducted during the AlS.Twenty-one archaeological sites were,documented during the AIS,17 of thew sites have (6)As per§13-275-6,Hawai'i Administrative Rates,(HAR),constitution shall be conducted been previously identified during earlier archaeological surveys. with ethnic groups or members of the ethnic group for whom the historic properties have significance under criterion"c"to seek their views on the proposed form of treatment, The Sites-5608(Immues,BBB,CCC,DDD,and WWW),-6302,-7248,and-21189 ane recommended for Office of Hawaiian Affairs shall also be consulted for historic properties significant under preservation.Avoidance,or mitigation(where avoidance is not possible),is recommended for Temporary §13-275-6(b)(5). Please include a description of tire consultation process,a list of sites 2 and 4.We concur with your recommendations for the aforementioned sites.We also concur with maii,id.als/groulm contacted,and.summary of the views and concerns expressed by these your recommendation for archaeological monitoring during construction of the Ktakini Highway individuals/grotips and by OHA. Improvements Project, (7)Page 57 states that"Site 11514 is not located within the archaeological survey arm."There No further archaeological work is recommended for Sites-6300,-11059(Features 4 and 8),-15514,- is no mention throughout the report of Site-11514,We believe that"Site-11544"should be 15508,-22045,-22053,-22057,-23662,-23665,-23666,-23686,Temporary Site 1,and Temporary Site "Site-15514" 2. (8)Please repine Temporary Sites I through 4 with the following SUIP numbers: Sims-22045,-22054,-22057,-23665,and-23666 lack integrity and are significant under only criterion cr Tempi 1:-26099 We concur with your recomanordations,for Sites-22045,-22054,-22057,-23665,and-23666. Temp 2:-26100 Temp 3:-26101 Sites-6300,-11059(Feature 4 and 8),-15508,-15514,-22053,and-23662 all retain their integrity,are in Temp 4:-26102 excellent condition,and are significant under criterion d.We do not have sufficient information to assess a significance evaluation to these sites.Please provide justification as In why preservation,avoidance,or We look forward to receiving a revised archaeological inventory survey report. We will provide our some form of mitigation is not warranted for those sites, comments on the proposed widening of the Kitakim Highway upon approval of the revised archaeological inventory survey report 1 Ms.Takara Page 3 Please contact Ms.Teresa Devan(O`ahu Archaeologist)at(808)692-8015 if you have any questions or US D—tme t Hawa,o���a�on —cons regarding this letter. e 80x A. al Highway 300 A Ala Moana BoakvaN,Room 3-306 m. Atliniitrafion Honolulu,HI 96856 Aloha, April 29,2009 MAL.Chinen ere,ro- Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer HEC-111 . ED:jen Ms.Laura Thielen Chairperson and State Historic Preservation Officer State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources 601 Kamokila Boulevard Kakuhihewa Bldg.,Room 555 Kapolei,Hawaii 96707 Attention:Rua Am,SHPD Administrator Dear Ms.Thielen: The County of Hawaii Department of Public Works(DPW),with the assistance of the Federal Highway Administration(FHWA),proposes to widen Kuakini Highway to four lanes between Hualatai Road and the future intersection with the proposed Ali`i Highway. In a letter dated October 27,2005,DPW initiated Section 106 consultation with the SHPO under the National Historic Preservation Act(NHPA)for the proposed Kuakini Highway Improvements Project Phase 2,Kailua-Kona,Island of Hawaii,Hawaii Job No.P-3718,TAP No.STP-1910(2). An area of potential effect(APE)was also proposed in that letter. In April 2007,we submitted our draft archeological inventory survey and Cultural Impact Assessment(CIA)and requested that SHPO review and concur with our effect determination pursuant to Section 106. As requested in your response letter dated October 9, 2007, we have revised our draft archeological inventory survey to address specific issues. In addition to the revised archaeology survey,we have attached a table that provides responses to comments and an excerpt from the draft CIA regarding parties consulted. We ask that SHPO review the attachments and concur with our effect determination pursuant to Section 106. Once we agree on the effect determination and the mitigation measures,a memorandum of agreement(MOA)will be drafted to record: (a)the protective plans for the known nearby 14r ?rG THE�J ECONOMY [�► historical resources, and (b) our monitoring and contingency plan related to inadvertent discovery(Archaeological Recovery Plan)program. If you have any questions or require additional information,please do not hesitate to contact me at 541-2700 ext.302. Sincerely yours, omingo IelnaO,P.E. Response to SHPD Review CnmmenN of October 9,200]nn Draft Report,Archaeological Inventory Survey for the Kua hini D'vision ri ge Engineer Highway Improvements Project,Phase 2,Hualalai Road to Ali`i Highway,Kailua-Kona,Hawaii.TMK:]-5-8,9,10,1],18, s 19,and 30(Por.) Comment Page/ Other Comment Response Attachments: a Para. 1) Comment'Response Table si--63W,-11059(F�mre4nnd8),-15508,- tutor 2) Revised Draft Archaeological Inventory Survey(July 2008) 1651a,-22053,and-23662 an m ti..,them egnty,are�n escellwt wndihom and are See page56,paragraph3for Sites 6300,11059, 3) Excerpt from Draft Cultural Impact Assessment(April 2006) si,ifiwntund—rih,rfond.Pleasepmvide 15508,23666;see page 57,paragraph l htr sites justification as to why preservatiom avoidance, 15514,and 22053 me form of mitigation is oat warranted for these site, cc(without attachments): Temporary Site l and Temporary Site 3 arenot Temporary Site I Riite 26099)is not in the APE Mr.Kiran Ender,DPW located within the purposed APR.Please because it is located ovu 50 feet away from the Mr.James Hayes,PH pmsidensinificanceesnlnntion for these sites limitsofcon—dion and the maximum project and youcjusfifiwnon 11 these evaluations. ROW.It wasth—fi—rat evah—dIs-Figure Ms.Gail M.Murakami,IARII 7r on page 52), Rob Sun,HWY-DD Temporary Site 3(Site 26101)is in the APE; addressed on page 56,paragraph 5.Also see fi ure 76on e51. I 1/1 Please r h—"130,5 m"with"30.5 m" Done 37 Phom You may wi sh it,consider replacing the phom Done;see page 37, 1 given th m this phom with the archaeologists on the Platt—may seem culturally inappropriate ro some. 3 49 Casten Please change"hour''m`our" Done;see page 49, on A 4 50 Fig,7a Plenser lace"CS4'with"21189." Done see e50, 5 Please depict Site-22054 on the appropriate Done;see Figures 61,,34),-/b 1,,51) BUCKLE AMEM�H�{���pp�U�pPpp ^' THE AMERIC AN ECONOMY RECEIVED 1A —w— STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL"SOURCES POST OFFICE BOX I RONOLUOrRAWAI-xie June 29,2009 Comment Fag" Other Comment Response4 Par a. Mr.Darting.G.1wimm,P.E. LOG NO:2009.1495 6 A,pi,,§13-275-6,Hawaii Aihimrmiri—R,,L, PL--p.,53 Division Bridge Engineer DOC NO:0906TDI 5 (HAR),--hro—hO be—d-tvil with Federal Highways Administration Archaeology &hak 7'.,mi,mb— fthi,ethnic group for The-In—I impact... (CIA) �,M Box 50206 wh.m thi,hiswir, h,,—inifi— for the K-kmi highway hop—m—p-j- 300 Ala Moma Boulevard,Room 3-306 —di,,rrrti,rrm",,"--kthi,i,views..the thi,--hrium --il thi, Honolulu,Hawaii 96850 P,op'Mfib—f—ri—ni3Offi—f .,g--ii— ro/gnp,--RM(P,—d 2006:13- I I—iiia,Afflak,sh,,11 also be--divil for 23),A list of individuals w.sulted can be found ..,x,g,,39.fth,,CIA.(E—M—fthi,CIAmi, 6(b)(5),Please md,di,a d—ripti.n ofthe provided in A—h—at 3 fthi,-mm.l.) Dear Mr.Galicia- --,a list of mdn,id-1,/gro,,, -=�,,,d,-mmisy of the i,,,ad SUBJECT: National Historic Preservation Act(NHPA)Section 106 Review— '.b'"" ,—M by Ili— ro milwid-N/gnp,aaa Kinkini Highway Improvements Project,Phase 2(FIEC-111) 7 57 "site 1151,i�stuxddl"lit,-15 1,1" Co.,see e57, (Job No.P-3718,FAP No.STP-1910(2) 8 Pit— Pv—,,I.-Ti,mpo,isy Si-I through 4 with Do., Nine Ahupua'a,North Kona District,Island of Hawaii ,h—a the fivl�.'mg SUIP.—b—: TMK:(3)7-5-8,9,10,17,18,19 and 30 Temp :-26099 Temp :26 Thark,van for your letter dated April 29,2009 requesting am concurrence with your effect determination Temp3 26�00 Ti, I, : 01 regarding the proposed widening of Kurakim Highway between Hwhilan Road and the future intersection T—p4:-26102 with the proposed Alf Highway.We apologize for the delay in responding to your letter.At this time,it is apparent that the project is an undertaking and that it Will have an effect on significant historic properties;mitigation measures will therefore need to be agreed upon prior to initiation of construction. Site-specific effect determinations are presented for 14 historic properties that Were identified within the area Of potential effect(APE)during an inventory survey of the 200-foot wide project corridor(C.M. Rasmussen,July 2008:Archaeological 1—noy Sure eyfor the Knakim Highway Impi—emenu Project, Phase 2, Hualalai Road to Ah'i Highway,Kudari-Kon,Hoarml;International Archaeological Research Institute,Inc.;No.200529;hereafter referred to as JARII report).An earlier version of the IARJI report was reviewed by our office in 2007 and revisions Were requested at that time.The current revised report enclosed with your letter addresses the requested revisions,and we now accept this report as final,with one requested minor revision(see below). Maps provided in the IARII report(Figures 71,&7e)indicate that them are four potential construction staging areas along the corridor that extend well beyond the identified APE and scope of work for the completed inventory survey. The report recommends that an archaeological inventory survey the conducted of these areas(p.57).We concur with this recommendation and believe that the APE should be revised to include these areas.It is likely that the additional survey work will result in additional historic properties identified within the APE.We believe this additional survey work should be completed prior to the initiation of a memorandum of agreement,so that appropriate treatments for sues,potentially affected by land alteration in the staging areas can be addressed along with the other 14 arms identified and discussed in the IARJI report. We also note that the construction limits for one of the proposed intersections(7-5-17:37)extends beyond the APDsu vay corridor that was used for the IARII survey.We request that this area also be examined during the additional inventory survey,if it was not examined during the IARII survey. At this time,we concur with the recommended treatments for the 14 sites discussed in the IARII report; however,we would like to wait until additional information is available for the=mire APE before finalizing the agreed-upon mitigation measures.We also request that Table 8 in the report be revised to exclude the last row item entitled"undetermined".According to a footnote on 56,this inadvertent burial discovery was relocated and is no longer within the APE. Please send one hardeopy of the final report with the above revision,clearly marked FINAL,along with a copy of this review letter and a text-searchable PDF version on CD to the Kapolei SHPD office,attention of"SHPD Library". We also note that a Cultural Impact Assessment(CIA)was prepared for this undertaking,pursuant to FIRS Chapter 343.We have no records indicating that our office reviewed this document.If you have records of such a review,please forward them;otherwise,we request that a complete copy of the CIA be sent to Phyllis Cayan,Chief,History and Culture Branch,State Historic Preservation Division m pan of the consultation process(mailing address:601 Kamokila Blvd.,Room 555,Kapolei,Hawaii 96707). Please contact Theresa K.Donham at(808)933-7653 if you have any questions or comments regarding this letter. Aloha, Nancy McMahon,Deputy SHPO'Statc Archaeologist and Historic Preservation Manager Historic Preservation Division cc:Phyllis Cayan,Chief,History and Culture Branch Anam K.Joaephides,History and Culture Branch,Hawai'i Island Section Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment APPENDIX A-6 THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES CORRESPONDENCE March 2013 P Amen..saWug,Sank T ffith Mr.Patrick Leonard ado"Ib lailfthpson,t, Quade&W Honolulu,Hl 96813 October 27,2005 D.W1.,I.. 808s31-7094 Page 2 of 2 =K10 F808-528-2368 ------NO.. October 27,2005 In a 1996 communication with PB regarding a similar road widening project in an adjacent segment of Kuakini Highway(between Fallen!and Hualalai Roads),the Service noted that the Mr.Patrick Leonard,Field Supervisor Hawaiian hoary bat(Losiurus cinereas sernotus)occurs near the project site. However,for that Pacific Islands Office,U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service project,the Service indicated that it is unlikely that the Hawaiian hoary bat would be affected 300 Ala Moana Boulevard,Room 3-122 because the area is highly developed. (See attached July 1096 letter.) Please confirm if this Box 50088 assessment would also apply to our current proposed project, Honolulu,Hawaii 96850 Although the State's Department of Land and Natural Resources(Division of Forestry and Subject: Proposed Krualkin!Highway Improvements Project,Kailua-Kona,Hawaii Wildlife)commented during the planning phase of the previous Kuakmi Highway widening Pre-Assessment Consultation;Request for Species List,Endangered Species Act; project(between Palen and Hualalai Roads)that two potentially rare and endangered plant and Notice of Public Information Meeting species may occur in that area,they were not found on that project alignment. The two Dear Mr.Leonard, species were(Capparls,sandsfichlana, pua pip or malapilo,and PrItcoardia affinis, Loulu Palm). Please note that a botanical survey is being conducted for this new project,and the The County of Hawaii Department of Public Works(DPW),in cooperation with the U.S.Federal results of this survey will be included in the EA. Preliminary fieldwork has been completed,and Highway Administration,proposes to widen the existing Kuaklm Highway,between Hualalai neither Capparis nor Pritchandia were located in the study area between Hualalai Road and the Road and the future intersection with the proposed AM Highway(see enclosed map). DPW future Aln Highway intersection. proposes the widening to increase roadway capacity in the Kailua to Keauhou corridor, Please send any comments in writing within 30-days of the date of this letter. If you have any Parsons Bunckerfroff Quads&Douglas,Inc.(PB)has been contracted to assist in preparing questions regarding this project, please call or email me at 808566-2239 or an environmental assessment(EA)for this project and to assist with the Section 7 consultation process under the Endangered Species Act(ESA). QbLo�!=n. Under the proposal, Kualkini Highway would be widened from its existing two-lane This letter also serves as a notice of a public information meeting for the subject project on November 16,2005,from 6:30 sun to 8:00 pm,at Kahakai Elementary School cafeteria,76-147 configuration to four lanes. Improvements may require construction of retaining walls,some Royal Poinciana Drive,Karlua-Kona. Representatives from DPW and PB will be present to cutting and filling of slopes,and/or the possibility of additional right-of way acquisition. share information,answer questions,and receive public comments pertaining to this project. If you have knowledge of any environmental or social issues associated with this project,or Sincerely yours, concerns about the project,we would very much appreciate receiving such information from RSONS BRINCKERHOFF QUADE&DOUGLAS,INC. you within 30 days of the date of this letter. In addition,in order to facilitate project compliance with Section 7 requirements,we request that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service(Service)provide us with a species list for the area Nanni Ohtomo immediately surrounding the project limits, as well as any relevant critical habitat. The Environmental Planner following is a summary of the information already available to us. Protected Species Attachments: Project location map In regards to faunal species,we are aware from reviewing previously documented projects in U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service letter to PB,July 6,1996 the area,that waterbirds such as the Newell's Shearwater(Puffinus auriculare newelli)and the dark-romped petrel(Pterodrome phaeopygia sanwichensis),both federally-listed species,may c. Mr.Paul Count,State Department of Land and Natural Resources,Division of Forestry occur in this area. (May 21,2004 letter from the Service to the Department of Water Supply,re and Wildlife(w/o attachments) Kuabnj Highway 16-inch Waterline Improvements;Final EA/Finding of No Significant Impact for Mr.Galen Kuba,County of Hawaii,Department of Public Works(w10 attachment) Hualalai Elder y Housing Project Phase 11,September 2000). The EA will address appropriate Mr.Kiran Emler,County of Hawaii Department of Public Works(w/o attachment) mitigation measures to incorporate into project planning. For example,other projects specified Ms.Fichelle Takera,Federal Highway Administration measures such as limiting project construction to daylight hours during the shearwater nesting season(mid-April through November),in order to avoid use of bright lights which may disorient waterbirds. Over.Century of Over a century of EngMMg Es.eaenue Ei..Ift E-11— A 81 A 82 I °3 g R a;Po; °= United States Department of the Inter � �a12 � _a .°,�° FISEA-NDVMDLFESERVICE O�' a o a 0 C a PACIFIC ISLANDS ECOPEGION ! JUL-g ' 300 ALA MOAN&B OULEVARl),ROOM 3108 BOX 50088 PZPaiz C x FIONOL BOX50088 95850 PAflSONS PHONE,(80S)541-3441 FAM(808)541�470 H NpLUCU kpyR,,HOFF In Reply Refer To: TR zi N e San ReicheIderfer,Environmental Flamer i 'L - 194� E 'fir Phour.Brinkerhoff Quade&Douglas,You. Z� 3 Pacific Tower,Suite 3000 - Ay, x ;' e i _ 1001 Bishop St _a _ Honolulu,HI 96813 er _ Fri 8 x Dear Ms.Reichelderfer. - Y ai 0n June 24,1996,the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service(Service)received your from 20,1996 letter requesting identification of the proposed and listed threatened and mdmgered species in the vicinity of the proposed corridor for the Kuakini Highway improvements between Patani and 3 sP�a Hualand Roads.It is our understanding thatypu arequ reesting this in.ormation on behalf of the 4 ^d S.,uoi0 baa Federal Highway Administration. N lours a The Service has reviewed the map provided with your request and pertinent information in our files,including mans prepared by the Hawaii Heritage Program of the Nature Conservancy.Our �y y M records indicate that the endangered Hawaiian hoary bat(Lasiurus cmereve semotur)may earn (4 C within then vicinity of the project site or traverse the area.However,it is unlikely that the 41•- 0 d Hawaiian hoary bat will be impacted by the proposed project because this area is already highly p���?Viae C� _ developed. We appreciate your concern for endangered species and would like the opportunity to review the - --- -__ Draft Environmental Assessment for di s project.if you ha✓e any questions,please concoct our `-- Program Leader for Interagency Cooperation,Ms.Margo Stahl,or Fish and Wildlife Biologist /ry x o _ Tanya Rubenstein at SOS/541-3441(fax:8 0 815 4 1-3 470) Sincerely, Ma'ulanio aiani 51. x Brooks Ham Field Supervisor senr St _Ecological Services ry 3 A-83 A 84 P.— A-6m,Sa,!,g,Bank Tower Bdi 1001 B11h-P St,Slife 2400 == Mr.Paul Carry Honolulu,H1 96613 Qaaglas,Inn. 808-531-7094 = October 27,2005 F—808-5282368 Page 2 of 2 October 27,2005 the project site. However,for that project,the Service indicated that it is unlikely that the Hawaiian hoary bat would be affected because the area is highly developed. (See attached Mr.Paul Corry July 1996 letter.)We are confirming with the Service it this assessment would also apply to our Administrator current proposed project. Division of Forestry and Wildlife Slate Department of Land and Natural Resources Although the DOFAW commented during the planning phase of the previous Kuakini Highway 1151 Punchbowl Street,Room 325 widening project (between Palani and Hualalai Roads) that two potentially rare and Honolulu,Hawaii 96813 endangered plant species may occur in that area,they were not found on that project alignment. The two species were (Capparis sandwichiana, pua pile or maraigio, and Subject: Proposed Kuakini Highway Improvements Project,Kallua-Kona,Hawaii Pritchardia affinis,Loulu Palm). Please note that a botanical survey is being conducted for this Pre-Assessment Consultation;Protected species coordination per FIRS Chapter new project,and the results of this survey will be included in the EA. Preliminary fieldwork has 195D;and Notice of Public Information Meeting been completed,and neither Capparns nor Pritchardia were located in the study area between Dear Mr.Canty: Hualalai Road and the future Alf Highway intersection. Please send any comments in writing within 30-days of the date of this letter. If you have any The County of Hawaii Department of Public Works(DPW),in cooperation with the U.S.Federal questions regarding this project, please call or email me at 808-566-2239 or Highway Administration,proposes to widen the existing Kuakini Highway,between Hualalai ontomeaftirevorld corn. Road and the future intersection with the proposed Ali Highway(see enclosed map). DPW proposes the widening to increase roadway capacity in the Kailua to Keauhou corridor. This letter also serves as a notice of a public;information meeting for the subject project on Persons Brinckerhoff Quads&Douglas,Inc.(PB)has been contracted to assist in preparing November 16,2005,from 6:30 grin to 8:00 pint,at Kahakai Elementary School cafeteria,76-147 air environmental assessment (EA) for this project, including regulatory coordination an Royal Poinciana Drive,Kailua-Kona. Representatives from DPW and PB will be present to protected species. share information,answer questions,and receive public comments pertaining to this project. Under the proposal, Kuakini Highway would be widened from its existing two-lane Sincerely yours, configuration to four lanes. Improvements may require construction of retaining walls,some �ARSGNS BRINCKERHOFF QUADE&DOUGLAS,INC. cutting and filing of slopes,and/or the possibility of additional right-of way acquisition. If you Have knowledge of any environmental or social issues associated with this project,or concerns about the project,we would very much appreciate receiving such information from Nam!Ohmmo you. The following is a summary of the information already available to us, concerning Environmental Planner protected species. Protected Species Attachment: Project location map In regards to faunal species,we are aware from reviewing previously documented projects in the area,that waterside such as the Newell's Shearwater(Puffins auricularis newelill)and the c. Mr.Patrick Leonard,U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service(w/o attachment) dark-rumped petrel(Ptersdroma phaeopygia sanivichensis),both tederaVy-listed species,may Mr.Galen Kuba,County of Hawaii,Department of Public Works(w/o attachment) occur in this area. (Final EA for Kuakini Highway 16-inch Waterline Improvements,October Mr.Kiran Enter,County of Hawaii,Department of Public Works(ayo attachment) 2004:Final EA/Finding of No Significant Impact for Hualalai Elderly Housing Project Phase It, Ms.Richelle Takara,Federal Highway Administration September 2000). Our EA will address appropriate mitigation measures to incorporate into project planning. For example,other projects specified measures such as limiting project construction to daylight hours during the shearreater nesting season (mid-April through November),in order to avoid use of bright lights which may disorient waterbirds In a 1996 communication with PB regarding a similar road widening project in an adjacent segment of Kuakini Highway(between Patent and Hualalai Roads),the U.S.Fish and Wild:rfe Service(Service)noted that the Hawaiian hoary bat(Lasiurce,cinereus,somotus)occurs near Over a C.n ry 0 Over a Century of Engli-edni,E-11— Egi—ding E-11— A 85 A 86 ex United States Department of the Interior aoa FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE R al Poi 2 Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office 300 Al.Me-.Boulevard,Room 3-122,Box 50088 Honolulu,Hawaii 96850 papala CX bi Reply Refer To: 1.2-2006-SP-027 NMI 4 M Narm Olitrinn, Parsons BrinckarhoffQuade&Douglas,Inc. Na 2 American Savings Bank Tower 1001 Bishop Street,Suite 2400 Honolulu,HawaN 96813 Pb' e D—Mt.Ohanno: Ta g Thank you for you letter dated October 27,2005,requesting a Est of threatened mid endangered species that may occur in the vicinity of the proposed widening ofKuakini Highway between Ilualdbu Road and the future intersection with the proposed Ah'i Highway in Kailua-Kona on the island of Hawaii.We received your letter on October 31,2005.The proposed project is to widen a portion m(Ruakfiri Highway from two lanes to four lanes,including construction of 11o1 0 retaining walls,cut and fill ol'slopes,and additional right-of way acquisition,if needed.Your letter stated that the project is being undertaken by the County of Hawaii,Department of Public Works,in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration. We reviewed the information you provided and pertinent information in our files,including data e, C E i�- compiled by the Hawaii Natural Heritage Program.There are no designated critical habitats CL.. within 13 mile(536 meters)of the project area.However,them are records of the Hawaiian g.g hoary bat('ope'ape'a,Lashems cinareus semoms)and a native Hawaiian Palen(lohn Pritchardia affinis)within 1/3 mile ofthe project area.We have no records of Newell's Sbearwocur('a'o, Puffinus auricularis newalli)or dark-rueoped petrel(`uam,Pternas—a phaeopygia sa—ichensis)in the vicinity(1,13 mile)of the prejeca,although your letter states that previous project documents indicated these federally listed species may occur in the area.All ofthese species may need special consideration before,during and after the execution of your project. We appreciate your efforts to conserve endangered species.If you have questions,please contact Assistant Field Supervisor Gina Shultz(phone:808/792-9400;far:809/792-9581). Madv,,i sqf. Sincerely, Nonr St Patrick Leonard Field Supervisor �A TAKE PRIDE&E=;' . INAMERICA-zz�,, as '° STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES - DIVISION OFFOFESTRYAVDWIL 1- iHCNPUNCHH HAWAlOWLSTREEf �Mu o—, 196&Y3 - T NA6. November 3,2005 I Nami OlUmno Environmental Planner Parsons Brinkerhoff Quade and Douglas,Inc. American Savings Bank Tower ' 1001 Bishop Street,Suite 2400 Honolulu,Hawaii 96813 PARSONS BflINCKEfttfGFF HO'+.OL'JW Yf Dear Nand Ohtomo: t Subject: Proposed Kuakini.Highway Improvements Project,Kailua-Kona,Hawaii.Pre- Assessment Consultation:Protected species coordination per HRS Chapter 195D; and Notice of Public htfounation Meeting. DOFAW has reviewed your information dated October 27,2005 regarding the potential impacts your project may have on our mauagement programs and endangered species in particular.Kuakiru Highway is a major highway in the Kona area.We are doubtful that you will find endangered species during the planning phase of the project.However,since you will be completing a botanical survey that will be included in a draft Environmental Assessment(EA), we will defer comments until the EA is completed and reviewed by DLNR-DOFAW for endangered species.Thank you for the opportunity to comment on your project. Sincerely yours, P �Paul J.CoVVVVVVrtry Administrator i i A-89 A-99 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment APPENDIX A-7 U.S. DOT SEC. 771.135 SECTION 4(F) (49 U.S.C. 303) CORRESPONDENCE March 2013 Parsons Amaban Savings Bank Tower Mr James KCmata W1___ff 10g1 Bishop Si—,Sate 2466 — County d Maui Fbnolulu HI96H 13 �paitment otpalks and RWM tbn & 531-7— _ Page 213 Fax:HO&52H-236H October 16,2Ltl6 �00 �00 October 16,2006 Construction of the driveway modification would temporarily be staged from the playground. The east-west portion of the rock wall along the playground driveway that is within the Kuakini Highway ROW would be removed. The rock retaining wall trending north-south between the James Komata playground and highway may also need to be removed and replaced depending on(a)the County of Hawaii,Department of Parks and Recreation structural integrity of the wall after the east-west portion is removed;(b)the structural ability of Aupuni Center the wall to withstand highway construction;and(c)the County of Hawai'i Department of Parks 101 Pauahi Street,Suite 6 and Recreation's level of interest in preserving or replacing the wall. Hilo,Hawai'i 96720 By Electronic Mail: jkomata@co.hawaii.hi.us Aside from limiting access during construction,playground amenities would not be affected by the proposed project.After construction is complete,use of the park would return to its current condition. Subject: Potential Impacts to Kailua Playground from Kuakini Highway Because the proposed project does not require any new ROW and does not affect playground Improvements,Phase II amenities,we believe the impact on the playground qualifies as a de minimus Impact. A de minimus impact is defined as an impact that does not"adversely affect the activities,features, and attributes"of the Section 4(F)resource,in this case the playground. The DOT generally Dear Mr.Komata: considers any parking lot encroachment or similar type of land use to be a de minimus impact, On behalf of the County of Hawaii Department of Public Works,Parsons Brinckerhoff(PB)is and requests your concurrence with this finding. The DOT requests that the Department of contacting you to obtain the County of Hawai'i Department of Parks and Recreation's Parks and Recreation indicate in writing that the foreseeable project impacts are de minimus, assessment of the possible impact on Kailua Playground as a result of the above-referenced in their view. proposed project. Because the proposed project is partially funded by the Federal Highways In summary,on behalf of the Department of Public Works,we request that the Department of Administration(FHWA),the project must comply with all federal Department of Transportation Parks and Recreation review this information and make its own determination as to whether the (DOT)regulations. One DOT regulation,referred to as Section 4(F),requires that impacts to impacts outlined above are de minimus impacts to the playground. If the Department of Parks public parks be avoided to the maximum extent practicable. and Recreation concurs with this de minimus assessment,we request that the Department of Access to the 0.7-acre Kailua Playground is from Kuakini Highway via a steep driveway Parks and Recreation indicate its concurrence in writing. Please submit you findings to: because the playground is roughly 11 feet below the roadway. The proposed road widening James T.Hayes would bring the edge of Kuakini Highway closer to Kailua Playground, requiring the Parsons Brincherhoff playground driveway be modified. However,the proposed project does not require any 1001 Bishop Street,Suite 2400 additional right-of-way(ROW). Currently,a portion of the playground driveway,the playground Honolulu,Hawai'i 96813 sign,and playground retaining wall are within the existing highway ROW. PB and the Department of Public Works appreciate your attention to this matter. If you would PB has prepared the two attached figures to illustrate the proposed project in the vicinity of the like to discuss this matter further,please do not hesitate to contact me at 808-566-2239. playground. Figure 1 shows a plan view of the playground and illustrates the limits of the proposed construction activities. Figure 2 shows a section of the driveway,Illustrating both Sincerely, current conditions(dashed line)and post-construction conditions(solid line). PARSONS BRiNCKERHOFF The proposed project would reconfigure the playground driveway so that it extends further into the playground,and the driveway grade would change from its current 17%grade to an 18% grade. At the new grade of 18%,the park access road would still meet federal driveway J s T. ayes criteria. Currently the base of the driveway matches the overall playground grade Lead Environmental Scientist approximately 42 feet west(makai)of the Kuakini Highway ROW;after widening,the driveway will match park grade approximately 74 feet west(makai)of the ROW. This driveway modification would result in a loss of 1,280 square feet of level ground within the parking area of the playground(an area 32 feet long by 40 feet wide). 0—a C—u"of 0—a Ce wy of Engineering Exeellenee Engineering Exeellenee A-91 A 2 Mr James Kcvnala __ Coui sio o.m i�wi a �p 3-03 tlf olParks and Rxreation re�on uwwu 'Rr Pag 3W3 r- Ocrober 16,2L1J6 �r � � -- �ooa Attachments: _ — — — — - Figure 1: Kailua Playground(plan view) Figure 2: RT-DW-7 Kailua Playground Driveway(section) — L7 cc: Kiran Emler,County of Hawai'i Department of Public Works;kemler@co.hawaii.hi.us Rlchelle Takara,FHWA;richelle.takara@fhwa.dot.gov ;�"9" Hu alloa I a 8.(reo.�rvo � � us„rvso Pwn L2 r i i FIGURE 1 - KAILUA PLAYGROUND all Engineering Exeellenee A-93 A-94 Elev 42 —2 'VC SOV Elev 40 Elev 38 N 0 s Elev 36 EVC 41.5 39 85 Elev 34 'VC Elev 32 41.00 C, � PVI 40 7 Elev 30 Elev 28 Station 0+00 Exist o CD Elevation New wIq Elevation C FIGURE 2 - RT-DW-7, KAILUA PLAYGROUND DRIVEWAY DID A 5 VK Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment APPENDIX B GEOTECHNICAL REPORT March 2013 GEOLABS, INC. Parsons Brinckerhoff Page 2 Geomchnical Engineedng and Drilling Somims W 0.5498-00 January 27,2006 January 27,2006 Mr.Dexter Eji W.O.5498-00 E C E 9 V E Conceptual Alternative No. 2 consists of acquiring additional right-Df-way and Parsons Brinckerholff shifting the roadway downslope to minimize the wall heights along portions of the American Savings Bank Tower,Suite 2400 UUU UUU FFR 7 alignment.This alternative consists of 22 new wall structures approximately 4,170 linear 1001 Bishop Street feet in total length.The wall lengths and heights vary from about 20 to 515 linear feet and Honolulu,HI 96813 from about 2 to 16 feet,respectively.Fifteen of the twenty-two wall structures are in fill condition.The remaining seven wall structures are in cut condition.The proposed wall locations are shown on the Site Plans,Plates3.1 through 3.10.A summary of the retaining PRELIMINARY GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING STUDY walls for Conceptual Alternative No. 2 is presented on the Summaryof Retaining KUAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING Walls-Alternative-Alternative No.2,Plate 5. (HUALALAI ROAD TO ALII HIGHWAY) KAILUA-KONA.ISLAND OF HAWAII For both alternatives,retaining walls will be required at the right-of-way line on both sides of the highway. Dear Mr.Ejb PURPOSE AND SCOPE In accordance with our fee proposal dated February 9, 2005,we Conducted a The purpose of our geotechnical engineering study was to develop retaining wall preliminary geotechnical engineering study for the proposed Kuakini Highway Widening (Hualalai Road to Aiii Highway)project.This letter report summarizes our work on the alternatives and recommendations for the project.The work was performed in general project and presents our findings and preliminary geotechnical recommendations in accordance with our fee proposal dated February 9, 2005. Our scope included the support of developing retaining wall alternatives during the planning phase. following tasks and work efforts. PROJECT CONSIDERATIONS 1. Review of available in-house subsurface and geologic information near the project site. The project site is located along Kuakini Highway in the District of Kailua-Kona on 2. Develop potential retaining wall alternatives for the roadway widening project the Island of Hawaii.The general location and vicinity of the project site are shown on the and provide recommended wall alternative. Project Location Map,Plate 1. 3. Preparation of this letter report summarizing our work on the project and The project consists of widening Kuakini Highway from Hualalai Road to Alli Highway for a distance of about 6,000 linear feet.The widening will provide an 80-foot presenting our findings and recommendations. with two 10.5-foot wide traffic lanes,a 5-foot wide bike lane,a 5-foot wide L. right-of-way w cc 4. Coordination of the overall work on the project by our engineer. sidewalk,and a 3,75-foot distance between the sidewalk edge to the right-of-way on each side of the highway.In addition.a 10.5-foot wide turn/median will be provided.Currently, 5. Quality assurance of our work,and clientidesign team consultation by our Kuakini Highway consists of one traffic lane in the northbound direction and one traffic lane principal engineer. in the southbound direction with a center turn/median area. 6. Miscellaneous work efforts,such as drafting,word processing,and clerical Two conceptual roadway alignment alternatives are being considered and are support. identified as Conceptual Alternative No.1 and No.2.For Conceptual Alternative No.1,the L new walls will be within the current right-of-way.A total of 18 wall structures approximately REGIONAL GEOLOGY 4:820 linear feet in length are planned.The new wall structures vary in length from 26 to 1,650 linear feet with maximum wall height between about 2 to 16 feet.Twelve walls will U The Island of Hawaii,the largest in the Hawaiian Archipelago,covers an area of be in fill condition and six walls will be in out condition.The proposed wall locations for approximately 4,000 square miles.The island was formed by the activity of five shield Conceptual Alternative No. I are shown on the Site Plan,Plates 2.1 through 2.10,A volcanoes.The five shield volcanoes include the following: Kohala,which is long extinct; summary of the retaining walls for Conceptual Alternative No.I is shown on the Summary Mauna Kea,which has had activity during recent geologic time; Hualalal,which last of Retaining Walls—Alternative No.1,Plate 4. erupted in 1801;and Mauna Loa and Kilauea,both of which are still active. 2006 Kallhl Street-Honolulu,Hawaii 96819 Phone:(BOB)841-5064-Facsimile:(808)847-1749-E-mail:hawaii@geolabs.net GEOLABS,INC. Hawaii-C.librma H-11-C.lftmi. Parsons Brmckerhoff Page 3 Parsons Brmckerhoff Page 4 W.O.5498-00 W.O.5498-00 January 27,2006 January 27,2006 The project site is situated on the western flank of Hualalal Mountain,which makes a small heel for the footing may be considered to reduce the footing size. Special up the west central portion of the island.Most ofthe near-surface basaltic lava fon"nation at construction equipment is not required for wall construction.This wall system is less costly the site appears to be composed of the pahoehoe type lava flow,which spread and ...pared to a soldier pile wall system.Noise and vibration will be generated from the wall ponded as it approached the ocean.Pahoehoe is characterized by a smooth,rope-like or excavation into the basalt rock formation. billowy surface with an internal structure of vesicular(porous)rock. In addition to the pahoehoe type lava,some land area of the project site appears to be locally covered by For fill conditions,a larger heel can be used for the wall footing.Forming work will a's lava flows.The a'a lavas are typified by the appearance of loose,rubbly clinker layers be required for wall construction.The concrete wall system is most costly compared to the interspersed With seams of very dense,massive basalt rock.The dense basalt rock layers CRM and segmental wall systems.For cut and fill conditions,a concrete wall can be represent the hard interior core of the individual lava flow. constructed within the right-of-way. ANTICIPATED SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS Cement Rubble Masonry(CRM)Wall The anticipated subsurface conditions described herein were determined from a The CRM wall is a gravity wall system with no footing and composed of rock review of geological maps and from observations of the surface soil conditions to obtain an Gobbles and boulders with cement mortar.This wall system resists lateral loading by the indication of the subsurface conditions at the project site. weight of the wall.One of the advantages of this wall system is that rock cobbles and boulders are readily available from wall excavations at the site.A major disadvantage of Based on geologic maps,the project site is characterized by basalt rock formation this wall system is the significant we][size needed for seismic considerations using the of the Hualalai Volcanic Series.This basalt formation generally consists of pahoehoe type Load Resistance Factor Design(LRFD)method.A very large horizontal seismic coefficient flows with clinker layers.We anticipate that the site is generally underlain by a medium needs to be used in the design for the Island of Hawaii.Because of the large wall base hard to hard basalt rock formation.Clinker material is anticipated at the ground surface required,it will be difficult to construct this type of wall within the current right-of-way. and clinker layers are anticipated within the basalt rock formation. Encountering groundwater is not anticipated at shallow depths. Segmental Retaining Wall DISCUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS l Segmental retaining walls consist of modular block face units with reinforced fill consisting of geogrids and granular fill.This type of wall is typically used for fill conditions A desk-top study was performed and included a review of available geologic only.The segmental retaining wall system is less costly compared to the other wall information at the site.Based on the preliminary drawings,a significant amount of retaining alternatives for fill conditions. These walls are more tolerable to ground movement walls will be required. These retaining walls will be constructed in both cut and fill compared to other wall systems and can be constructed within the current roadway conditions. Different retaining wall systems were evaluated and included conventional right-of-way.Since modular block face units are manufactured on the islands of Oahu and concrete wall,Cement Rubble Masonry(CRM)wall,segmental wall,soldier pile wall,and Maui,these units would need to be shipped to the island of Hawaii. soil-nailed wall.These different wall systems are discussed below. Soldier Pile Wall Based on our evaluation of the different wall alternatives,we recommend that conventional concrete retaining walls be used for cut conditions and segmental retaining The soldier pile wall alternative is feasible in cut conditions. This wall system walls be utilized for fill conditions.The preliminary recommendations and considerations consists of soldier pile usually set at 6 to 10 foot spacing,lagging between the soldier J I are based on the results of the desk-top study and are intended for planning and piles,and a shotorete wall facing.We envision that the soldier piles Will be composed of preliminary design purposes only. drilled shafts.In addition,we anticipate that concrete lagging will be used.The lateral loads are carried by the drilled shafts with the lagging resisting minor earth loading.This wall Conventional Concrete Wall system can be constructed within the current right-of-way.The soldier pile wall system is costly compared to the other wall alternatives in cut conditions and special drilling This type of wall is composed of concrete and reinforcing steel.The reinforced equipment will be required. concrete and the backfill weight on the wall footing are used to resist the lateral forces acting on the wall.As previously discussed,the new walls are located at the right-of-way boundary.Therefore,we envision that an L-shaped wall will be used in the cut condition. Since the backfill weight on the wall footing adds to the lateral resistance of the wall,using it GEOLABS,INC. GEOLABS,INC. H-11-California Hawaii-California Parsons Brinkerhoff Page 5 Parsons Brinkerhoff Page 6 W,O.5498-00 W.O.5498-00 January 27,2006 January 27,2006 Soil-Nailed Wall LIMITATIONS Soil-nailed walls are typically used in cut conditions and consist of installing a The findings and preliminary recommendations submitted in this letter report are shotcrete facing and soil nails. This wall alternative uses a top-to-down construction based upon visual observations made during our site visit and geologic maps.Venetians procedure with incremental excavation for wall construction. Soil-nailed walls are less of'subsurface conditions may occur,and the nature and extent of these variations may not costly compared to the other wall alternatives in cut condition.A major disadvantage of this become evident until additional exploration is conducted and/or Construction is underway. wall system is the need to acquire permanent easement for the soil nails.Mobilization of If variations then appear evident, Geolabs should be contacted to re-evaluate the special drilling equipment will be required. recommendations presented in this report. Recommended Retaining Wall in Cut Conditions This letter report has been prepared for the exclusive use of Parsons Brinkerhoff and other project consultants for specific application to the i Highway Widening Wall alternatives evaluated in cut conditions included conventional concrete wall, l (Hualalai Road to All Highway) project in accordance with generally accepted CRM wall,soldier pile wall,and soil-nailed wall.Major disadvantages were encountered for geotechnical engineering principles and practices.No warranty is expressed or implied. the CRM and soil-nailed wall alternatives.Due to seismic design considerations,the CRM This report has been prepared solely for the purpose of assisting the planners and design walls are anticipated to be significant in size.Therefore,it would be difficult to construct engineers in the planning and preliminary design of the roadway alignment and retaining this wall alternative within the current right-of-way.Since the new walls are located at the wall structures for the proposed project. right-of-way boundary,the soil-nailed wall alternative would require acquiring permanent easements for the soil nails.The soldier pile wall alternative is very costly compared to the other wall alternatives in cut conditions.The wall alternatives are summarized in the Summary of Wall Alternatives in Cut Conditions,Plate 6. Based on the above,we recommend that conventional concrete retaining wall system be used for walls in cut conditions for the project. Due to the limited space available for wall construction,we envision that an L-shaped wall will be utilized. Recommended Retaining Wall in Fill Conditions Conventional concrete wall, CRM wall, and segmental wall alternatives were evaluated for fill conditions. The major disadvantage for the CRM wall alternative described above applies for CRM wall in fill conditions. In comparing the conventional concrete wall and segmental wall altematives,the segmental wall is less costly and can tolerate more ground movements. Therefore, we recommend that a segmental wall system be used for wall in fill conditions at the project site.The wall alternatives in fill condition are summarized in the Summary of Wall Alternatives in Fill Conditions,Plate 7. Additional Services This preliminary geotechnical engineering report is prepared for planning and preliminary engineering purposes only. It is not intended for use in design and/or preparation of construction documents for the proposed project. A design-level geotechnical exploration should be conducted for detailed design of the project based on the requirements of the proposed development.Considering the nature of the subsurface conditions,we recommend that Geolabs be retained to provide follow-up geotechnical services for this project. GEOLABS,INC. Hawaii-California GEOLABS,INC. Hawaii-California PACIFIC OCEAN Parsons Brinckerhoff Page 7 W.O.5498-00 1 1 VIOIAf HAL January 27,2006 n HILI CLOSURE KONA We appreciate the opportunity to be of service to you on this project.If you have questions or need additional information,please Contact our office. UNA aH Respectfully submitted, KAXU ISLAND "0 GEOLABS,INC. LICENSED 7 A H U 0 t. U NO SCALEMAP PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER By N..4176-C ENERAL PROJECT LOCATION Gerald Y.Sekl,P E. Senior Project Engineer TarK THIS WORK WAS PREPARED BY ME OR UNDER MY SUPERVISION. 1A 09e, At 4 By 30-06 Mimura,P.E. SITRE EXPIRATION DATE Y� �7yon S' President OF THE LICENSE CSM:GS:mjOD Attachments:Project Location Map(Plate 1) Site Plan—Conceptual Alternative I(Plates 2.1 to 2.10) �i"_O JL A Site Plan—Conceptual Alternative 2(Plates 3.1 to 3.10) Summary of Retaining Walls—Conceptual Alternative 1(Plate 4) Summary of Retaining Walls—Conceptual Alternative 2(Plate 5) U Summary of Wall Alternatives in Cut Condition(Plate 6) Um s L Summary of Wall Alternatives in Fill Condition(Plate 7) v. qa PROJECT LOCATION�� PROJECT LOCATION MAP KUAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING kHU Al_. ROAD TO ALIT HIGHWAY) N A I L. R NA,ISLAND OF HAWAII xg 2000 1000 a 2000 FT. GEOLABS, INC, GRAPHIC SCALE ISSRUARY 20R0 1 G, � PLATE REFERENCE:MAP CREATED WITH TOPOI 02001 NATIONAL GECLABS,INC. =LL 6EOGRAPHIC(WWWAIATIONALGEOGIR HIO,COWTOPO). SCA1"=2,000' I 1.1ES H-11-Callf—I. F IL to MS�N 14,48.73 K.kv dighny HUAIICENTE St.12�27.24 K,,.k,,i Hlghny 0+00.00 LT Sto 0+00 00 RT-DW-1 BEGIN KUAKINI HIGHWAY Unit of C—t—il— 21 S IM p ROVE ENTS/WID,ING St,,10+00 El,,38.99 RVw EMT 14+00 re BR+o (L Ld A -------------- SO St t,f CC.t—H., — 1,03 K,,d,mi ligh-y imit of U�trucfl�7"� 11,111111 IT-DII-1 KAILLA VILLAGE SERVCE STATION 135 ht-iq wd 3 RIJBI W�jj E8 9 wd to Z 9 -Am SITE PLAN CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE 1 KLIAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING (HUALALAI ROAD TO ALII HIGHWAY) KAILLIA-KONA,ISLAND OF HAWAII GEOLABS, INC. G-t-h—f Engineering GATE PLATE 0 20 40 so 120 FT. JANUARY 2006 JRP REFERENCE:TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY MAP TRANSMITTED BY PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF ON JANUARY 26,2006. GRAPHIC SCALE _I Ij II i '- rn Ste 1�+35.92 Kuakini Highway= `( Sta 20+85.02 jHiHAWAII FEDCRAL CR[DIT UNION6ia 16+11-08 Kuakini H'ighwoy= Sto i6+69.t3 Kuohini Highway= I0 LT-0W-y Stc 0+0000 LSP O+Oo.00 RT-DW-3 Sta 0+0000 RT-0W-4—� Sta 18+5R27 Y,uokini Highway= sta o+60.0o LT-Ow-z I mi,ar aw 1 1 Watar s-x, ' NAGDAir Raw > 5� µ W wr_' t a -t- "' .�:"; r .Fw Via„ � „i5'F k" ` :SW� NI HIGHWAY}uu f W. U ~�° PDM, AgS,Y" 0 w KOIVA ISIANOER in!N + I C°''� A', j o 5( ,92+Q�o.US K k H ghwoy �xi t'IF' +Gb.00 RT-OW-7 nit ROW St.18+4230 Kuakin'Highway- ~' 'fII'LIO , to O of Con3truat on •{ of C—t—ti., sto 0+00.00 RI-DW-5 K NA _II ,0N00 mil ( A.il SUNSET PLAZA a y r } St t6.t(1.OB I,ini ghwoy=-DW �� Uk PLAY ttOJN0 It',C+W,00 RT -6 2� R � _g a NE mq SITE PLAN CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE 1 _ KUAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING j & (HUALALAI ROAD TOALII HIGHWAY) -rye KAILUA-KONA,ISLAND OF HAWAII 9 GEOLABS, INC. Geofechrtical Engineenrtg A aRAwN av PLATE 0 20 40 80 120 FT, JANUARY 2006 JRP REFERENCE:TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY MAP TRANSMITTED BY 7 sCaLE o. =LL PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF ON JANUARY 25,2006. GRAPHIC SCALE ,;q' t°=d0' w5498-00 2.2 iI ' I lJ II f 130 (� L' f C"t"tT' Reto 'ng Wall Relocote Ro k W II JRelocota Rack W 11 rxr.K„- A E t ROW 5ewe a B 7�f 1 ,Y n e a F -,nw ,-> >n,I KUf'HIGHWAY z E � j tE V_t OW w —Wat-,L,,, `1 �Baselre �umit of Con t toRo, I.V lo ,xx,x.w,za fiit o Con:tree,on I ( COCONUT GROVE MARKETPLACE I Sto 22+80.97 Kk ni Nlghway= m W sm 3 St.0+00.00 RT RO-1 tE _ � 11 L. o Jim o� cs SITE PLAN L� CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE 1 KUAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING a (HUALALAI ROAD TO ALIT HIGHWAY) KAILUA-KONA,ISLAND OF HAWAII ag GEOLABS, INC. I�$ Geotechnicmf Engtneering Lw re_w na IFFY PLATE 0 20 40 80 120 FTC JANUARY2006 n JRP 9 REFERENCE:TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY MAP TRANSMITTED BY - q:� ETTT w.o. _= PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF ON JANUARY 26,2006. GRAPHIC SCALE fit, t"=40' S49&00 2.3 1 o� 32 125' R,etain:g ,edl I i Sto 31156§t Kuok'n'N gnwoy= Retaining Well Reloccte Rock Wnll tTlt of Corstruct on - �'" "Jr Sto 0+60A0 Li RD` "AMA'AINA 1ALE o ..ewer Line _�Ex si ft0 it` R Iococe Rocn WoII ri W -' W _enrr ( fr raw ' N mar , o- !0 K �INI HIGHWAY �+, w' a ��� Q, _ �._+P$.�,,�. O+Oo � 9�oo 2+60 33+00 a. i a.,�' _ i a� eIc COCONUT T GROVE �'Tt.R04 - erv-s�..r to Lne CCCONII ^ w MARKEIILA E d W m o.-Cons-r,e ion osellne �'- 28+41,4 Ruokinl Highw.y El A-,* �Relacote Rock Woll 250• +00.00 RT-RD-2 Reto nlna Well R>taNnn uc11 '� 47 H o �q o� m SITE PLAN !_ CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE 1 KUAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING -fie (HUALALAI ROAD TO ALIT HIGHWAY) I^:w KAILUA-KONA,ISLAND OF HAWAII GEOLABS, INC. L_ m Geotec.-I Engineering O 20 40 SO 120 FT, MUARY 208 n'JRPY PLATE 5 REFERENCE:TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY MAP TRANSMITTED BY —LE w.D. -_ PARSONS BRINCKERHOFFONJANUARY26,2006, GRAPHICSCALE „,`J' 1 "=40' S4g8-00 2.4 it ri UMVERTY OF THE IVA?IDN ROYAL KAIWP.N CONDOS / -t,34+Ot56 KuIZ Highway= 125 Sta 0+00.00 RT-DW-8 / 195' t Reta ing wall Retaining Wpll � pm � Vio -) �W _� — — — — — — i J WI/ KUAKINI HIGHWAY J Ig iL- J .a .__inn T 2 U o n a of �„ /t m 9 '--5�a 38+76 48 Y.zck n'h.hwa ry } =x t POVJ S ,.S 19�4K k - x"x.-..gi,o ` g Y= Sta 0+00.60 LT-RD-2 t Im'oP Gonsx,uc,on �Weter Line yYa 0+00.00 LT OW 5 25 .� -`�elocate Rack Wc,II Retaining Retcinin Wall Well 9 KDNA PACIFIC(CDt4D0) 8I 'm ILL b Z s SITE PLAN =_ CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE 1 KUAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING (HUALALAI ROAD TO ALII HIGHWAY) 'N a KAILUA-KONA,ISLAND OF HAWAII y GEOLABS, INC. Geotechnicet Engineering N Rinse g PLATE n c 0 20 40 80 120 FT. JANUARY 2096 p�JRP F REFERENCE:TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY MAP TRANSMITTED BY scuF w.o, =4 PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF ON JANUARY 26,2006. GRAPHIC SCALE gy9' 4-40' 549E-00 2.5 ji l� l� VACAM Flj--Relo to Rock'NDII r—St.38+80,92 Kun n Highway= St a 40 62.34 Kuakint Highway= Sewer Line imit of Const—b.n �Re'.ocate Rock Moll 5 O+OO.00 R W 9 r1l,9+00.00 Ri—Dl�10 a oter tine xiet RQW I ms D- - KUAKINI .JFHWAY �r F a - Y ._ �� Q� a' .,, .'' i5��,�� uH.^" �.a.'J - �•o � yuF. `�iR'' "— V'rr 5 ��' �` � � � e• ��� � toning Wall asol ne E NO N ex.s I Qe KONA MANSION Conatruct on Nis IN$ d SITE PLAN CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE 1 E9 '.. KUAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING !am (HUALALAI ROAD TO ALII HIGHWAY) KAILUA-KONA,ISLAND OF HAWAII i= GEOLABS, INC. Geofechnicai Engineering DAiE DRAWN BY .A e 0 20 40 80 120 FT _Wr JANUARY 2006 JRP72�6 ATE REFERENCE:TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY MAP TRANSMITTED BY a =4 PAR SONS BRINCKERHOFF ON JANUARY 26,2006. GRAPHIC SCALE k �,�t^-q0 W5499-1 I Zoe' ' oI' Remin;n9 wmi _ sewer Lin eleeoto Rack WO1—Relocate Rock Woll Weier Line 1 Tit of C—tr.fion :p 411e,Lne x-i ROW � 1 � � I � N > ,or av✓/fiY rt—u+,s r —`vq[�b'�r ''�.-�li-_J`�__-ansr �u'.%__ \ 'n 'wd.. 'Ems- .itT '-`� — — ,a R^- e to s� �- - _' -- —✓a - - _____----_ - --- -- _ _- -_ RQW ( / t a WcIun't -CanetraCllan Is4 I_LL9 I i9m SITE PLAN CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE 1 - KUAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING s (HUALALAI ROAD TO ALIT HIGHWAY) KAILUA-KONA,ISLAND OF HAWAII it GEOLABS, INC. f 3 t b Geot-ft—1 Engineering t m 0 20 40 80 20 FT, nJANUARY 2006 n�JRP PLATE '.� REFERENCE:TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY MAP TRANSMITTED BY SnAtE Wo. _'� PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF ON JANUARY 26,2006. GRAPHIC SCALES 1"=40' 5488-00 2,7 $, 7115 Sta 56 84 29 H10—y wt"Ll" st +00,00 LT-RD-3 "l!P.fo Cm,ti"til- ------R,It,R.k VH1111 ly A., ---------- ----- Tin Y. pr '4y ROW' Zp ' Il it of 3—t—t NIw — SITE PLAN CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE 1 KUAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING (HUALALAI ROAD TO ALII HIGHWAY) KAILUA-KONA,ISLAND OF HAWAII GEOLABS, INC. I 13 t-hnk l ERgf—fiRg PLATE 0 20 40 so 120 ILARY21300 O�JGPj 7� REFERENCE:TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY MAP TRANSMITTED BY GRAPHIC SCALE-PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF ON JANUARY 26,2006. 40' 6498-C 2.8 Ste 58-31,50 Knakimi Hi ' .......... It,1+00,00 RT-DW-1 S c 6+1.66< kjnl HighwoyJn S, 0+0000 I T-RD-5 t ROW Wee,Lin L HIGHWAY IJAKiNf-HIGHWAY uP ,z �" `em 5 �wr ma wu sxw ' xcv n:ue. 44 T 7va:—11 hgm Ret-,,q Well K 61�50 ow ME/2A7 K,ekj,i Hlglh�ey la 10+00 00 Min.Roodline Wien 1,nf—1— I...te Reek Wo e to 60+80.10 Knni HighwayCOMMERC 11AL BUILDI `fi ne, St.10+00,00 0'i D"!sne. SITE PLAN CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE 1 KLAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING (HUALALAI ROAD TO ALII HIGHWAY) KAILl ISLAND OF HAWAII GEOLABS, INC. E�gln—fng 'A' PLATE 0 20 40 80 0 FT. IMIARY 20. Al 1EI m PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF ON JANUARY 26,2006. —4V I wo 8-00 1 2.9 if 1 549 �i ' I F,t—Ara hgnwoy 250.00' ._ Wpter L'ne (Approx"mate 4 Reta ning WpII (n Retaining Wall I cover.. ne� „� Limit of Constrict an � ..uist ft6W Relocate Rock WaII r'r"''- r i weline BSHI tr: a 'b"' EEg � KUAKINI HIGHWAY Wt on' — >Ap,-„'w>St ,;.£8t00 .�f+'aa' t 'b9t O4.r ,yu�c ,rP� 00 iZ }-` ., .. x .. u 4ff I eta nl g WoII {ROW r �� '' t Yt r Line K6N"A^HA' '—R.loc t..Rock H,oll o WAIIAN tFLA Sew R lo_a to Ro.k Wcll "Sta fib+§i 13 A kn Highway= 01 xs Sti 0+b0.00 ,T 6W—i2 50-00' `e Retoning Wal s� SITE PLAN CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE 1 KUAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING (HUALALAI ROAD TO ALIT HIGHWAY) KAILUA-KONA,ISLAND OF HAWAII x GEOLABS, INC. G-t-h—1 Engineering —�� o wH sr PLATE 0 20 40 80 120FT. IANUARrzoos pw,IRP REFERENCE.TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY MAP TRANSMITTED BY a SCALE wo. r� �w PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF ON JANUARY 26,2006. GRAPHIC SCALE 1"=40' 549&00 2.1V 26 K*,i 4191- 7AUb JT RT-DW-1 13,11 A /—E iMu 121 KUAKINI HIGHWAY (L Dj *19 p M Zoqu�tMLQN KAILUA VILLAGE e,,ROW' A St.11+79.D7 K.kl,!Hiqhwty -1 - - I " IESQ, I,w I (S"?Cu—D.ta 1) s Si.13+371P K��Vdhi digh..y St�14t 48.79 K�ka hip,,y 'R t6 Ing wdi G,r,e DaIo 2) St�0+03 LT-DRI'l 150.10' Rota nq AM AS SITE PLAN CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE 2 og HIGHWAY NING (HUALALAIKUAKINI ROAD TO ALIIWI HIDEGHWAY) ro KAILUA-KONA,ISLAND OF HAWAII GEOLABS, INC. Ceotwhnjc l Engin—Ing onr U— PLATE 0 20 40 80 0 FT. JANUARY 2006 JRP REFERENCE:TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY MAP TRANSMITTED BY PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF ON JANUARY 26,2006. GRAPHIC SCALE V -40' 5498-o0 1 3.1 T- n Sto 20+85.12 K— 11'ghway- T + Sto 0+00 LT-DN 4 yA� im f HAWAII FEDERAL CREDIT UNION t rol Sto 16i 69 9 K k'H9hway Con t far A 1-Sta 19'-3603 Kuakini Nghway m� Sta 0+00 RI DW Ret WaIl o ' St.78+59.35 _fo 0+000 LT-OW-2 o E K.N,,H ghway- o L'm.:of Corst. r��u ewer Lee +o Ex «,. J 6+G2t93 Kuaklo ghway ROiHOW O2 ROW A h 3 3 �� �3 ..Ine j �a,er u1 ur ta+ is z UAKI os NI HIGHAY:- Y �—,swa Z a T5`+ _ __ _ z JIE -I :.s 6NA ISLANDER INN I _ v}I stq 9+11.18 - J t aow �I 'I FI. ton m St 73+27.0 K k'n H hwa U, ot � I £ 1 �'I�ni Highwoy c' S`a 20+Q0.17 KUORn H'ghway L�mlt At Consirect'.on 2 x t K4 g %' +M RT-oK 7 x III___ (See 4 Gurva M.a) —J KUh�AUI 0h�D0 ( p y' /// ALIT SUNSET PLAZA xto)16:11.10 K k"F'gh,Wy ((�— c, DW-6 4 KAI UA PL 6Y�R6JN0 J o _t 0-00 RT-OW-3 -Sta 18+24i Huakmi Hghrvoyf 11 �I p g _ Retoining Wali Sto 0+00 4T-0W-5 zs SITE PLAN CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE 2 KUAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING �B (HUALALAI ROAD TOALII HIGHWAY) n KAILUA-KONA,ISLAND OF HAWAII as GEOLABS, INC. vg K Geotechnlml Eng(neenng oA Y PLATE 0 20 40 80 120 FT. JANUARY2006 a�JRP h REFERENCE'TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY MAP TRANSMITTED BY w.o. =L PARSONS BRI RICKERHOFF ON JANUARY 26.2006. GRAPHIC SCALE @�_' E1-40' 5498-00 3.2 t I.V 2218IG8 K.akhl Highway Limit of C—t—ti.n + R.t.ming wd + Sin 0+00 RT-RD-1-------- ExRt ROW in, 11 9M )(IfAKINI'WGHWAY 7+ a Lu z ------------ o R., 4 Y, ROW A A g, ROW Wa.erIT- COCONUT GROVE MARKETPLACE X, sv H NIR lK SITE PLAN Lam CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE 2 KLIAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING (HUALALAI ROAD TO ALIT HIGHWAY) KAILLIA-KONA,ISLAND OF HAWAII GEOLABS, INC . r—t-h�i-1 E�gin—lng DATE oftnWry PLATE 0 20 40 80 120 FT. JANUARY 2006 JRPY REFERENCE:TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY MAP TRANSMITTED BY PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF ON JANUARY 26,2006. GRAPHICSCALE rec1"=40' 3.3 120 Cc' P.mt of M.—tim -K,,�kmi HIP! R.t&, Si�33,41 -y �g hVIrn (S,,1 0—kt.7)3 K,&ni Highny hit�f C.,U—tn� Dota 5) —Sto 2H-41 71 K,.H,i Hig—y- Sto 0+00 RT r—N-ROW KADA'AINA 1AL-RD-2 lu KUAKINI,HIGHWAY —w lu z Ilk IT�MAR\�l�Ro N-R W ............ E—Im, �I R W 3 ini Highcy t.0-00 LT-RD- 90t0 6) L; Lim; Ret-Ig WU, Al SITE PLAN CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE 2 z KUAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING (HUALALAI ROAD TO ALIT HIGHWAY) KAILLA-KONA,ISLAND OF HAWAII GEOLABS, INC. G—t—hM-1 Engineering 40 80 1 20 FT. JANUARY 2006 JRP PLATE REF BENCE:TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY MAP TRANSMITTED BY sm wl.. A PARSONS BRINCKERHOFFONJMUARY26,2006. GRAPHICSCALE lv'"007� 1-4Y 5498.10 n U IJ II tmmt of h*—tw is 44+0036 K oklni High,ey C—tw,ti.n New ROW (S"?Cure lkto 10) t 25 K��*,!High y S,— ROW 0 T7DW-9 —St,10-' 2,54 Knkhi Hiqh��y Sta Wt,r me +00 RT-DW-10 it Lu, ur AKIN11 HVGH 7 LU z L---- 4-- - ---- - ---7- '- L ST n D�t�9) 11 i Hlqh-y zr, ,gym SITE PLAN CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE 2 Am KLAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING (HUALALAI ROAD TO ALIT HIGHWAY) KAILLIA-KONA,ISLAND OF HAWAII GEOLABS, INC. G-t..hM-1 Ego-diq oRnw,�NCARY ,,,,,,y PEA E 0 20 40 $o 0 FT. 9i REFERENCE:TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY MAP TRANSMITTED BY j 3.6 GRAPHIC 'o w PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF ON JANUARY 26,2006. 1-40' ff _J _j _1 Beain QI S—Llne �I Limit of Constru ion ( N ReC,l ing WnII a W f r Llne I' lkcter Line—r t— s ROtt —_ I -- I —N___ee,ROW Baseline 21 ..=' >j, "'"I KUAKINI HIGHWAY _ __ - ftOW o— WI ROW I _ Sic ] 40.B K klni Highway (Im"o ConsWe on (See'+Cnrve Qoto 71) ��m I LL� I vT SITE PLAN -a CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE 2 KUAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING (HUALALAI ROAD TOALII HIGHWAY) KAILUA-KONA,ISLAND OF HAWAII GEOLABS, INC. '39 ceoternncaf Enalneenng 0 20 40 80 120 FT. nJANUARY 2006 n�JRP PLATE 60.REFERENCE:TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY MAP TRANSMITTED BY SCnLE WA. 'ffio PAft50N5 BRINCKERHOFF ON JANUARY 26,2006. GRAPHIC SCALE ; T-40' S498A0 3.7 Ste 57+25 B,91h Retoininq WJ11 C—t—tw 5 56+82,52 j' Water Lne of llo 0+00 LT-D-3 a R t.i!,q W.I[ —R W.11 --p Z R/w Ell ls ft= — t A- .3 Aa! 7`7w, HIGHWAY 2, �LL �21 —u- co —tw f I P-t�f W6 I,@ I SW 56-167 83' Mgh-y 52+4092 Hlgh�.yaF (See I Cu—D,t.14 R�t-llll 9 A 11 Curve Q,,tJ 12) -------- SITE PLAN CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE 2 9 e KIJAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING (HUALALAI ROAD TO ALIT HIGHWAY) KAILLIA-KONA,ISLAND OF HAWAII GEOLABS, INC. 'AT' wry LATE 0 20 40 $o 120 FT REFERENCE:TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY MAP TRANSMFTTEDBY Milli PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF ON JANUARY 26,20D6. GRAPHIC SCALE 3.8 i i COMMERCIAL�'IL IN �'� $to 62+1877 K oRini Highv.ay_ Pont o Interse t 1 R01M1 I., 5 o6Wt�Q6 Li RD 5 S,a"+8—K k'High— Sta B 2973�i ok'n High-y= Retann9 Ndl �I <v I (5e v Curve D to 15) Lmi of C .t fon DW-il w+ L'ne L'ne T1s o Es,PR., -----� R Sews —� u,� W - ___ __ }f 1 sm ''# � KUAKIN,4V°'dIt#!N'A �Pr—, + aE�� IL "J'u 4 m INI HIGHWAY 4','w0# u ,��Y---� _ � _,"za-_ � I i `st RC w R01 Pom n nn pP� ta��+7a.,n K Hi o-y- E Sta 60+2 2C 4uakirl; hmy gpJP '�A _ems' IWO WAIu R a COME R IA.`3IJIIDI C so,1 4) F \ , �—S 60+7R Kr k,'N gh'cy= _ Sts 10,DO 0,-ni Street =.� C o� =Q SITE PLAN CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE 2 KUAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING ` (HUALALAI ROAD TO ALIT HIGHWAY) a$ KAILUA-KONA,ISLAND OF HAWAII GEOLABS, INC. '2 Bw s ceotaon i�f Engineering n PLATE a-Lo 0 20 40 80 120 FT. nJANUARY 2006 JRP F REFERENCE:TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY MAP TRANSMITTED BY SCALE w.o. N m PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF ON JANUARY 26,2006. GRAPHIC SCALE .. �'.40' 5496-00 3.9 M, - Limes tf C—tenet- 71 20' n1 New POW a� Ret ) Future ANHlgttway st ROW Wall (Approximate) rg T k --_- M a�s'+�o KIIAKINI�iIGHWAY KK ss as Serer In e / E '0u-- —�Pn Y N w ROW to 64 5 1 k' H Rh"' "H04 ,n✓ "" (See C rva Deio.o" KMI H 1`11AN VILLA A Umlt of..oast�ciion �sx. s��' E1NMIKUAKINI HIGHWAY �cx+ IMPROVEMENTS/VWIDENING - ° St.6E '5 El,,138.35 13 R, SITE PLAN CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE 2 - KUAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING �$ (HUALALAI ROAD TO ALIT HIGHWAY) N KAILUA-KONA,ISLAND OF HAWAII -- GEOLABS, INC. a� Geotechnical Enginsenng oaawry ev PLATE 0 20 40 80 120 FT, DJANUARY 2006 JRP -� REFERENCE:TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY MAP TRANSMITTED BY m PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF ON JANUARY 26,2006. GRAPHIC SCALE 4 T'=4p' 6gg6-p0 3A0 SUMMARY OF RETAINING WALLS-CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE I SUMMARY OF RETAINING WALLS-CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVE 2 KUAKINI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS IKUAKINI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS HULAILAI ROAD TO Al HIGHWAY HULAILAI ROAD TO ALI[HIGHWAY W.O.W.O.5498-00 5498-00 Start End Max. l Start End Max.a, Station Station Wall Wall Cut/Fill Item Station Station Wall Wall Cut'Fill No. Side No. No. Length Condition No. Side No. No. Length Height Condition gt Haight (feet) (feet) (feet) (feet) I right 10+65 12,00 135 3 fill I right 10,65 12-16.1 150,1 3 fill 2 right 12+60 12+85 35 5 fill 2 right 12+41 12+98 57 7 fill 3 1:eft 12+86 13+12 26 2 fill 3 right 13+18.2 13+35 16.8 4 fill 4 aft 4+71 5 17+20 248.5 13 t 4 left 15+15 17+10 195 10 cut 5 right 19+45 1 9+75 so 4 fill 5 right 16+90 18+32 142 4 I'll 6 left 25+00 26+35 135 10 fill 6 left 25+15 26+36 120 10 fill 7 left 28+15 31+49 324 10 cut 7 left 28+15 29+35 120 5 out 8 right 28+82 29+65 83 4 8 right 28+75 30+10 135 6 fill 9 right 31+25 33+75 250 8 fill I right 10+61 13++13 128 1 g: 10 left 32+75 34+00 125 5 cut 10 right 34+25 36 60 235 11 fill 11 right 34+1 4.3 36+26 210.7 10 fill 11 38+15 38+76 61 4 out 1 36 1 �eft 2 left +80 36+75 195 11 t 2 eft 39+00 39+85 85 2 cut 71 1 right 40+7 57-25 1660 1 6 fill 13 right 4+2 44+85 13 5 +5 r 423 11 fill 4 left 47+50 49 0 200 7 1: 4 right 1,05+'65 50+80 515 8 fill 15 left 51+1 5 55+70 455 7 cut 15 left 51+15 56+85 470 8 cut 16 left 57+15 60+36 320 10 cut 16 tight 52+65 53+10 45 2 fill 17 right 61+50 65+10 360 16 fill 17 right 54+25 67+10 285 10 fill 18 left 65+05 65,43 38 7 fill 18 left 57+25 60+47 322 10 cut 19 left 61+25 61+60 35 3 cut Total= 4820+2 20 right 61+90 62+85 95 3 fill 21 right 63+46.19 66+60 313.81 16 fit 22 left 65+15 65+35 20 4 fill J Total= 416811 L: W.O.5498-00 GEOLASS,INC. PLATE 4 W.O.5498-00 GEOLABS,INC, PLATE HIM' - illh gu 1 kiwi dj o6 --- -------- Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment APPENDIX C ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING REPORT March 2013 KUAKINI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS vertical configuration,all facing toward the highway.To allow for a minimum 25 feet to HUALALAI ROAD TO ALII HIGHWAY the lowest conductor as desired by the community,provide for electrical clearance between each voltage class as required by the National Electrical Safety Code and State of Hawaii ELECTRICAL EVALUATION AND REPORT(DRAFT#1) Public Utilities Commission,and provide for a shield wire(lightning protection)for the Prepared by MK Engineers,Ltd.for transmission circuit at the top of the pole,the resulting pole height above ground will be 80 PARSONS BRINCKERHOFP. feet(see Attachment 1 for a typical 80-foot steel pole).The steel pole foundation will January 27,2006 extend approximately 10 feet below the ground. Existing Conditions As desired by the community,all primary,secondary,and communication lines to customers on the makai side of the highway will be installed underground.This will entail This project is a continuation of the County of Hawaii's Kuakini Highway Improvements. installation of ductlines,handholes in the sidewalk area,and cables to intercept the existing The initial phase provided sidewalk and road improvements along Kuakini Highway from service points. Palani Road to Hualalai Road.The existing overhead utilities on both sides of the highway were replaced with a single steel pole overhead line on the mauka side of the highway with The following table summarizes the cost for the electric utility improvements: underground crossings to the makai side to maintain existing services. New street light poles and luminaires were installed on the makai side of the highway,and new street light TABLE 1: PROPOSED OVERHEAD COST(ELECTRICAL) luminaires mounted on bracket arms were installed on the new steel poles on the mauka side of the highway. HELCO POWER SYSTEM OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION SYSTEM $2,180,250 The second phase of the project from Hualalai Road to Alii Highway will continue with OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM $212,900 the same Type of roadway and utility improvements.The existing conditions along this UNDERGROUND CROSSINGS/SERVICES $157,500 stretch of highway are as follows: REMOVE EXISTING SYSTEM $180,000 The Hawaii Electric Light Company(HELCO)has a transmission line(69 kV)and a HELCO SUBTOTAL $2,730,650 distribution line(primary 12 kV and secondary)on wood poles along the mauka side of the HTCOM TELEPHONE SYSTEM highway.There are several primary and secondary overhead crossings to the makai side of OVERHEAD TELEPHONE SYSTEM $1,141,600 the highway that provide electric service to customers on the makai side. UNDERGROUND CROSSINGS/SERVICES $170,500 REMOVE EXISTING SYSTEM $60,000 Telephone cables from Hawaiian Telecom(HTCOM)and CATV cables from Time Warner Oceanic Cable(OCEANIC)run overhead on wood poles on the makai side of the HTCOM SUBTOTAL $1,372,100 highway.There are several telephone and CATV overhead crossings to the mauka side of the highway that provide service to customers on the mauka side. OCEANIC CAN SYSTEM OVERHEAD CATV SYSTEM $318,400 The County has several street lighting luminaires on bracket arms attached to the existing UNDERGROUND CROSSINGS/SERVICES $80,200 wood poles on both sides of the highway. REMOVE EXISTING SYSTEM $15,000 Proposed Improvements OCEANIC SUBTOTAL $413,6W The improved 80-foot wide highway right-of-wa will contain five traffic lanes(two lanes COUNTY SYSTEM P S YY STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM $821,600 in each direction with a middle left turn/median lane),a bike lane in each direction, UNDERGROUND UTILITY INFRASTRUCTURE $590,000 sidewalks,and a 3'-9"buffer zone between the sidewalk and property line. New steel REMOVE EXISTING SYSTEM $6,000 poles supporting HELCO,HTCOM,OCEANIC,and COUNTY street lights will be placed within this buffer zone along the mauka side of the highway,and new street light standards COUNTY SUBTOTAO $1,417,6W will be placed within this buffer zone along the makai side of the highway.To allow for conductor swing and not have the conductors encroach into private property,the overhead ITOTAL ELECTRICAL PROJECT COST $5,933,950 utility conductors will need to be placed on insulators mounted on bracket arms in a I 2 TABLE 2:ALL UNDERGROUND OPTION COST(ELECTRICAL) The costs are based on the following assumptions: HELCO POWER SYSTEM • All electric utilities are to be placed overhead on the mauka side of the highway on UNDERGROUND TRANSMISSION SYSTEM $1,239,700 80-foot steel poles located within the Y-9"buffer zone adjacent to the property line. UNDERGROUND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM $1,408,200 • New utility poles are to be designed to withstand 100 mph winds and painted to UNDERGROUND CROSSINGS/SERVICES $337,500 blend with the environment. REMOVE EXISTING SYSTEM $180,000 • All crossings to provide service to customers on the makai side of the highway are HELCO SUBTOTAL $3,165,400 to be placed underground. • A minimum of 25 feet will be maintained to the lowest conductor on the new steel HTCOM TELEPHONE SYSTEM poles to accommodate any planting of trees within the sidewalk area. OVERHEAD TELEPHONE SYSTEM $1,790,000 • The County will provide the underground ducfline infrastructure for the utilities. UNDERGROUND CROSSINGS/SERVICES $260,500 • The cost estimate does not reflect any cost-sharing between utilities for joint pole REMOVE EXISTING SYSTEM $60,000 agreements,between the utilities and the County for utility agreements,nor between the County and the State or Federal governments for funding of federal- HTCOM SUBTOTAL $2,110,500 aid highway improvements. • OCEANIC CATV SYSTEM The cost estimate is based solely on past project information within the MK OVERHEAD CATV SYSTEM $10,200 Engineers database and does not reflect actual utility costs or estimates provided by UNDERGROUND CROSSINGS/SERVICES $11 g200 the utilities. REMOVE EXISTING SYSTEM $15,000 • The cost estimate does not reflect future price increases that may occur from the time this estimate was prepared and the project is actually constructed. OCEANIC SUBTOTAL $500,600 See Attachment 2 for a detailed cost breakdown of the proposed overhead plan. COUNTY SYSTEM STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM $1,379,800 ALL UNDERGROUND OPTION UNDERGROUND UTILITY INFRASTRUCTURE $3,430,000 REMOVE EXISTING SYSTEM $6,000 A rough cost estimate was prepared to determine the cost of constructing this project by COUNTY SUBTOTg $4,815,800 placing all the utilities underground. For this option,the RELCO transmission line will be placed in the roadway area.The RELCO primary and secondary lines and HITCOM and TOTAL ELECTRICAL PROJECT COST $10,592,300 Oceanic communication cables will be placed within the mauka sidewalk area with underground crossings to the makki side similar to the proposed overhead plan. All existing overhead services to buildings will need to be converted to underground. See Attachment 3 for a detailed cost breakdown of the all underground option. Typically,this is a customer cost,but for the purposes of this exercise,the service conversion costs were included as utility company costs. Also,padmount transformers and a padmount switchgear will require easements from property owners. Easement costs are not included in the all underground estimate. The County street lighting system will be installed on both sides of the highway utilizing standard street lighting poles within the Y-9"buffer zone adjacent to the property line.The County will be providing the ducflines,manholes,and handhole groups for the utilities. Also,it should be noted that unless there are specific State or County ordinances that mandate the undergrounding of utilities,a government or third-party entity will need to pay each respective utility the difference in cost between an overhead utility installation and an underground utility installation including the cost of service conversions. The following table summarizes the cost for an all underground option: 3 4 sHIELD M,RE 5' it' � 89 IN 1ROx5x1590x Attachment 1 ,s Paxxnusml�°x scc°xGm°m,aeunax Typical 80-foot Steel z�E s' 2' �IELEPHOHE/GN Pole s°Ewux �BINf IINf lRlfF1C VNE 10' J cONOgEIE fOUHGINN PdV SfffL POLf 3.75' 5.0' S.0' 10.5' PgOPEgry INE TYPICAL BU STEEL POLE xm 10 sGE c-s c-s KUAKINI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS Hualalai Road to AM Highway PROJECT ELECTRICAL COSTS OVERHEAD OPTION HELCO POWER _ Overhead Transmission System S 2,180,250 Overhead Distribution System 212,900 Underground Crossings t Services 157,500 Subtotal for Installation of New 5 stem S 2,550,650 Removal of Existing System $ 180,000 Attachment y■�■ '■yam■ Total HELCO Project Cost $ 2,730,650 l 1ttachment 2 HTCOM TELEPHONE SYSTEM Overhead Tele hones stem $ 1,141,600 Underground Grossings t Services $ 170,500 Subtotal for Installation of New System $ 113125100 Removal of Existing System $ 60,000 RotProposed Overhead OCEANICCATVSYSTEMOM Project OCEANIC CAN SYSTEM Overhead CANS stem $ 318,400 Cost Estimate Unde ground Crossings t Services 80,200 Subtotal for Installation of New System $ 398,600 Removal of Existing System $ 15,000 Total OCEANIC Project Cost $ 413,600 COUNTYSYSTE Street Lighting System 821,600 UG Utility Infrastructure 590,000 Subtotal for Installation of New System $ 1,411,600 Removal of Existing System $ 6,000 Total COUNTY Project Cost $ 1,417,600 TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST HELCO SYstem ........................ .. 2,730,650 HTCOM 5 stem $ 1,372,100 OGEANICS stem $ 413,600 COUNTYS stem $ 1,417,600 Total Project Construction Cost $ 5,933,950 7 MK ENGINEERS,LTD. 8 1117106 { 2 f2 {/ \ §/ lgQy6RRAl !96l . � . ) QRwCRgGDg9 ! l32E@2 # )/>R ! ; RQggg ! ° *9! ! lmeeaye9SSEI , aG = elRzaz RwaweR » !gG! ® : - w9SggSQgGG _ _ *P )/gD2G# a:-61666 ew22��--- 2/2�w, ® 2; / ; ~ w�52`\/s ! e 2222_w / Q2/dd/S77 ` - e -- - . - - 6wgg&g2owGz /98gi / ) ® ) ) B 7/ gig.!:.„ |g/- Rq # ) ! 99 ) . . :E }/RgRGy 6 � \[ � � |� &| --- . --- 7l---- . - / / \ d� d 3gy6 / d KUAKINI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS Hualalai Road to AIII Highway PROJECT ELECTRICAL COSTS ALL UNDERGROUND OPTION HELCO POWER SYSTEM Under round Transmission System $ 1,239,700 Underground Distribution System 1,40$20D Underground Crossings t Services 337,500 Subtotal for Installation of New System $ 2,985,400 Removal of Existing System $ 180,000 Total HELCO Project Cost 3,165,400 Attachment 3 HTCOM TELEPHONE SYSTEM Unro Telephone System $ 1,790,000 Undedergund rground Crossings Services $ 260,500 Subtotal for Installation of New System $ 2,050,500 Removal of Existing System $ 60,000 HTCOMct Cost 2,110,50DAl11Underground OCEANICATV SYSTEM Under round CANS stem S 375,400 Cost Estimate Underground Crossings i Services S 485,00 Subtotal for Installation of New System $ 485,600 Removal of Existing System $ 15,000 Total OCEANIC Project Cost $ 500,600 COUNTYSYSTEM�.. Street Lighting System $ 1,379,800 UG Utility Infrastructure $ 3,430,000 Subtotal for Installation of New System $ 4,809,800 Removal of Existing System $ 6,000 Total COUNTY Project Cost $ 4,815,800 TOTAL CONSTRUCTION HELCO System 3,165,400 HTCOM System $ 2,110,500 OCEANIC S stem $ 500,600 COUNTYB stem $ 4,815,800 Total Project Construction Cost $ 10,592,300 - C-13 MK ENGINEERS,LTD. c-1 a 1117106 0 \ ®)( } }\® 12 | )J//!\ ~G` - - : #\ ! / �-a&� J;' }R!!2`\ lbtdagbQ:! lS6awS, �` ;/ ! QGQQ;q;99gR r : 2Gg4# ;Glq ! k �§ dwwa© w°qw : ]�gglq9G9G9G! 999RG«9G§q - , 99: #y®_--,�_._ |Gw2 . k/���22�2���� - . \/ : )) » A.; ) . )» wGG , \aP. e gq ; ! , \ �;� �_- \g) : aG6�ww©!a ! 9Gg;»fig!%ba ) dy! / _ ggedSeQyE ayf : 10 > E M0 m ot Z� 0 ........... ————— — 188888888888.18888.888. 29998888 01 2. RZ 4w S 88... -------- \§;� ,aa, f/\�~ ---- ---------- .61d 1 88. , al. \ , ) \ ( : a; \ , { \ \ 1 1w§ ® E h C 17 cis \/� - ■! �yaaa6ae =, ear . �99GG R »�„: . � #;,,,----®-- r,:,•:, EA �-/9 -.!®! 9&/dam d �/% d��66 ° Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment APPENDIX D CORRIDOR TRANSPORTATION STUDY March 2013 CORRIDOR TRANSPORTATION STUDY KUAKINI HIGHWAY WIDENING- HUALALAI ROAD TO ALIT HIGHWAY CORRIDOR TRANSPORTATION STUDY Kona,Hawaii KLIAKINI HIGHWAY January 2007 WIDENING-HLIALALAI ROAD TO ALII HIGHWAY KONA,HAWAII Prepared For: Hawaii County Department of Public Works January 2007 101 Pauahi Street,k7 Hilo,Hawaii 96720-4224 Prepared By: Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade&Douglas,Inc. American Savings Bank Tower-Suite 2400 1001 Bishop Street Honolulu,HI 96813 (808)531-7094 -- PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF PBQD Reference Number: 16431A Over a Century of Engineering Excellence TABLE OF CONTENTS D. Summary of Results................................................................................................22 I. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1 IV. Findings and Conclusions..........................................................................................24 A. Background..............................................................................................................1 A. Roadway Network Improvements...........................................................................24 II. EXISTING CONDITIONS..................................................................................................3 B. Intersection Improvements.....................................................................................24 A. Existing Land Use.....................................................................................................3 C. Development Access.............................................................................................25 B. Existing Roadway Network.......................................................................................3 1. Kuakini Highway.....................................................................................................................6 LIST OF FIGURES 2. Queen Kaahumanu Highway.................................................................................................6 3. AIII Highway 6 Figure 1 Vicinity Map............................................................................................................2 4. Alii Drive..................................................................................................................................7 Figure 2 Existing Lane Configurations-Hualalai Road.and Oni Oni Street./Walua Road..4 5. Hualalai Road.........................................................................................................................7 Figure 3 Existing Lane Configurations-Keakealani Drive and Queen Kaahumanu 6. Oni Oni Street/Walua Road...................................................................................................7 7. Keakealani Drive....................................................................................................................7 Highway..................................................................................................................5 C. Existing Traffic Volumes...........................................................................................8 Figure 4 Existing Peak Hour Traffic Volumes........................................................................9 Figure 5 Year 2020 Peak Hour Traffic Volumes..................................................................15 D. Existing Intersection Operations.............................................................................10 1. Hualalai Road.......................................................................................................................10 Figure 6 Year 2020 Lane Configurations-Hualalai Road and Kuakini Highway...............18 2. Walua Road i Oni Street..................................................................................................11 Figure 7 Year 2020 Lane Configurations-Oni Oni Street/Walua Road and 3. Queen Kaahumanu Highway...............................................................................................12 KuakiniHighway................................................................................................._20 III. FUTURE CONDITIONS..............................................................................................13 Figure 8 Year 2020 Lane Configurations-Alii Highway and Kuakini Highway...................21 A. Future Roadway Network.......................................................................................13 B. Year 2020 Traffic Volumes......................................................................................14 LIST OF TABLES C. Year 2020 Traffic Operations..................................................................................14 Table 1 Existing Intersection LOS and Delay.....................................................................11 1. Hualalai Road and Kuakini Highway....................................................................................17 Table 2 Year 2020 Intersection LOS and Delay North of Alii Highway) 16 2. Oni Oni Street/Walua Road and Kuakini Highway..............................................................19 3. AIII Highway and Kuakini Highway 19 Table 3 Year 2020 Intersection LOS and Delay(South of Alii Highway)............................17 4. Keakealani Drive and Kuakini Highway...............................................................................22 5. Queen Kaahumanu Highway Extension and Kuakini Highway...........................................22 PARSONS i Kuakini Highway Widening PARSONS ii Kuakini Highway Widening BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 APPENDIX I. INTRODUCTION Appendix A Traffic Count Data.............................................................................................A Recently,the Hawaii County Department of Public Works(DPW)completed its widening of Appendix B Levels of Service Definitions.............................................................................8 Kuakini Highway between Palani Road and Hualalai Road. Hawaii County DPW is Appendix C Intersection Capacity Analysis Worksheets.....................................................C proposing to continue widening Kuakini Highway from Hualalai Road to the future Alii Highway as shown in figure 1. The future Alii Highway is planned to intersect Kuakini Highway near the Waiaha Stream gulch about 1.5 miles south of Hualalai Road. Proposed improvements would transform Kuakini Highway south of Hualalai Road from a 2-lane roadway to a 4-lane roadway. This report documents the assumptions and methodology used and summarizes the findings and recommendations of a corridor transportation study for the proposed Kuakini Highway widening. Existing and projected Year 2020 traffic conditions along Kuakini Highway were evaluated. The transportation study area along Kuakini Highway is defined by Hualalai Road on the northern terminus and Queen Kaahumanu Highway Extension at the southern terminus. A. Background Proposed roadway improvements will widen Kuakini Highway from a 2-lane rural roadway to a four-lane roadway with curb and gutter,roadside drainage features,pedestrian and bicycle facilities,and turning lanes where warranted. Projections of future travel demand will be consistent with the Hawaii Long Range Land Transportation Plan,May 1998. In addition to widening Kuakini Highway,Hawaii County has expressed interest in widening Queen Kaahumanu Highway from two to four lanes from Henry Street to Ati Highway, thereafter remaining a two-lane facility. The four-lane Queen Kaahumanu Highway would split into the proposed two-lane Alii Highway and the remainder of the two-lane Queen Kaahumanu Highway Extension. The proposed four-lane Kuakini Highway would split at Waiaha Gulch into the two-lane Alii Highway and existing Kuakini Highway. The future Alii Highway is planned to connect with Alii Drive in Keauhou. This potential network will help to increase north-south mobility in this region. PARSONS iii Kuakini Highway Widening PARSONS 1 Kuakini Highway Widening BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 Ro I Wi 'anaD ®o It. EXISTING CONDITIONS xeaia,or. A. Existing Land Use ayaN Uses In the Kailua-Kona area south of Hualalai Road include a mix of business,hotel,and _ residential uses. In addition to commercial properties with Individual businesses,there are s several shopping centers within the study corridor. Examples are the Coconut Grove Ear Marketplace and Alii Sunset Plaza. University of Nations is located about half a mile south i of Hualalai Road. Multi-family residential and hotel development occur primarily along the y 3 segment of Kuakini Highway between Hualalai Road and Walua Road Further south,land i - ---- a - - = � use Is primarily small-scale commercial with single-family residential uses. r P` av mnd> B. Existing Roadway Network _ woi o a a pFa�"d a�1 0 Within the study area,Queen Kaahumanu Highway/Kuakini Highway and Alii Drive provide a� A regional north-south mobility. Walua Road and Hualalai Road provide mauka-makai rSa���y a 'C circulation. Intersections along Kuakini Highway within the study area occur at Hualalai eRoad, Oni Oni Street/Walua Road, Keakealani Drive,and Queen Kaahumanu Highway e y �. Extension. Figures 2 and 3 show the existing lane configurations at these cross streets. a 3 Intersections within the study area operate with Two-Way-Stop-Control(TWSC)except for S -- ------ Hualalai Road/Kuakini Highway which is a signaled intersection. a Malulani o �III �IIII PARSONS Kuakini Highway Widening PARSONS 3 Kuakini Highway Widening BRINCKERHOFF 2 January 2007 BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 J = N r y Cl) a m m 3 d ° 2) o �a x c > J r mco ( Y m C)) co�_ 2 O U D a c aci c U (D c0 �0 1 Co J J ° I 0)co �R C c N II I I I I IIII I O ins LLB Xco D m m _ ac°i Hualalal�. x J l l Y uuuuw c° I I I - � I � PARSONS Kuakini Highway Widening PARSONS Kuakini Highway Widening BRINCKERHOFF q January 2007 BRINCKERHOFF 5 January 2007 4. Alii Drive 1. Kuakini Highwav Alii Drive is a two-lane collector roadway that begins at Kuakini Highway in Kailua-Kona and continues south to Keauhou traveling along the coastline. Alii Drive provides north- Kuakini Highway is an undivided two-lane arterial roadway which extends from Kailua-Kona south circulation as well as access to many resort businesses and lodging. Major cross to Honalo. The segment from Makala Street to Queen Kaahumanu Highway Extension is streets include Hualalai Road, Kahakai Road,Walua Road, Hunapule Road,and Royal under County of Hawaii jurisdiction. The segment from Queen Kaahumanu Highway Poinciana Drive. Extension to Honalo is under State of Hawaii jurisdiction. The proposed widening segment is completely contained within the County of Hawaii jurisdiction. Within the study area 5. Hualalai Road Kuakini Highway has limited pedestrian or bicycle facilities and curb and gutter. Cross streets within the study area occur at Hualalai Road,Walua Road/Oni Oni Street,Nakukui Hualalai Road is an undivided two-lane roadway which provides mauka-makai circulation Drive, Keakealani Drive, and Queen Kaahumanu Highway Extension. Currently, the between Mamalahoa Highway and Alii Drive,intersecting Alii Drive at an unsignalized T- Hualalai Road/Kuakini Highway intersection is the only signalized intersection. Speed limits intersection. The signalized intersection of Hualalai Road and Kuakini Highway is the along Kuakini Highway start at 25 miles per hour(MPH)in Kailua town,transitions to 35 northern terminus of the Kuakini widening project. MPH at the Kona Islander Inn south of Hualalai Road and finally to 45 MPH immediately 6. Oni Oni Street/Walua Road south of the Oni Oni Street/Walua Road intersection. Oni Oni Street provides access to residential areas located mauka of Kuakini Highway. 2. Queen Kaahumanu Highwav Walua Road is located makai of Kuakini Highway opposite Oni Oni Street. It provides mauka-makai circulation between Kuakini Highway and Alii Drive. Both of these facilities Queen Kaahumanu Highway is an undivided two-lane arterial roadway which extends from have 20-foot pavement width with paved shoulders. Kawaihae to immediately south of Kailua-Kona where it transitions into Kuakini Highway. State DOT plans to widen a 7.5-mile stretch of Queen Kaahumanu Highway from Kailua- 7. Keakealani Drive Kona town to Kona Airport. The project will create two traffic lanes in each direction and a median. Currently,DOT is in the first phase of this project,widening a 25-mile section of Keakealani Drive provides access to a residential community makai of Kuakini Highway the highway from Henry Street to Kealakehe Parkway. This phase is scheduled for and a commercial center mauka of Kuakini Highway. The residential portion of Keakealani completion in Spring 2007. Drive ends at Papala Street and has sidewalks,curbs and gutters. 3. Alii Highwav The future Alii Highway would provide north-south mobility between Kailua-Kona and South Kona. Alii Highway is planned to begin at Queen Kaahumanu Highway,cross Kuakini Highway near Waiaha Stream,about 1.5 miles south of Kailua-Kona,connect to Alii Drive in Keauhou, and eventually continue south to Captain Cook via the Mamalahoa Bypass through the Hokulia development. PARSONS 6 Kuakini Highway Widening PARSONS 7 Kuakini Highway Widening BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 C. Existing Traffic Volumes Manual traffic counts during the AM,midday,and PM peak periods were conducted by PB j j IM[M](2u) E 11 9P91(2n employees at the following intersections on Tuesday,August 9, 2005 and Wednesday E E August 10,2005 respectively: Hualalai Road and Kuakini Highway Oni Oni Street/Walua Drive and Kuakini Highway Keakealani Drive and Kuakini Highway Queen Kaahumanu Highway Extension and KuaKmi Highway __ rn 3 Automatic Traffic Recorders(ATRs) were set along Kuakini Highway at two locations: immediately south of Coconut Grove Marketplace and south of Oni Oni Street/Walua Road. p E These volumes were used to supplement manual turning movement counts. U The peak hour interval chosen for analysis was most consistent with Hualalai Road co intersection. The AM,midday,and PM peaks were found to occur from 7:30 to 8:30 AM, o � H 11:30-12:30 PM,and 4:30 to 5:30 PM,respectively. Peak hour volumes at the previously �m 8 (ss O fisted intersections can be found in Appendix A. Figure 4 shows the existing peak hour j '[r s[(1s) 2 Onbni St. l 13�[93](6 y traffic volumes for the AM,midday,and PM peak periods,respectively. co 8[4](11)---� � 13��6]]14 t d — d C X w a� mj _g Hualalai Rd. 2[[89J(99) I f S ®oWIT PARSONS 8 Kuakini Highway Widening PARSONS Kuakini Highway Widening BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 BRINCKERHOFF g January 2007 D. Existing Intersection Operations Table t Existing Intersection LOS and Delay Intersections along Kuakini Highway were analyzed using the methodologies for Intersection AM Peak Mitltla Peak PM Peak unsignalized and signalized intersections documented in the 2000 Highway Capacity LOS Delay LOS Delay LOS Delay Manual(HCM). An intersection's operating conditions can be broken down by approach Hualalai Rd/Kuakini Hwy C 21.2 C 20.7 B 79.9 and expressed as a qualitative measure known as Level-of-Service(LOS)ranging from A to Kuakini EB Le Through/Right ft B B 16.1 B 15..3 1 B 1 .9 B B 16.1 Kuakin i EB .7 F. LOS A denotes uncongested conditions with low delay;conversely,LOS F conditions Kuakini WB Left C 26.7 C 27.8 C 33.3 would be congested with a comparatively higher delay. An intersection's overall LOS is Kuakini WB Left Through/Right ht C 34.4 C 11.2 C 11.7 Kuakini NB Left B 10.5 B it2 B 11.7 determined by taking a weighted average blithe LOS of individual traffic movement groups. Kuakini NB Through/Right C 20.2 B 19.4 B 16.7 Field observations were performed at selected intersections to verify the results of the Kuakini SB Left B 10.4 B 1- B 10.3 Kuakini SBThrou h C 21.7 C 22.2 C 21.2 intersection analysis. Appendix B has more detailed definitions of intersection LOS and Kuaklnl l RI ht B 19.7 B 19.4 B 16.5 intersection capacity analysis worksheets. Table 1 summarizes existing condition LOS and Oni Oni St/Walua Unsignalized Rd/Kuakini Hwy delays for the intersections studied along Kuakini Highway. For detailed analysis Walua EB Left/Through C 25.0 C 20.8 C 20.6 information,refer to Appendix C for intersection capacity analysis worksheets. Walua EB Right A 9.3 A 9.7 A 9.8 Oni Oni WB Left'Throu h C 15.6 C 16.1 C 17.4 in Oni WB Right A 9.7 A 9.3 A 9.4 1. Hualalai Road Kuakini NB Left/Through/Right A 7.7 A 7.9 A 7.9 Kuakini SB Left/Throu h/Ri ht A 7.7 A 7.6 A 7.6 Construction to widen Kuakini Highway between Palani Road and Hualalai Road was taking Oueen Kaahumanu Unsignalized Hwy/Kuakini Hwy place during the data collection. Volumes were compared against HDOT counts at station Kuakini EB Left C 17.5 C 18.5 C 18.4 8-K and were determined to be representative of existing traffic conditions along Kuakini Queen Kaahumanu NB Left B 11.6 B1 10.7 B 12.7 Highway. Delay in vehicles per hour. Overall,this intersection operated at LOS C or better in all peak hours analyzed.There was some congestion observed along Kuakini Highway in the vicinity of Hualalai Road. In the 2. Walua Road/Oni Oni Street morning,the peak direction was northbound,while the southbound direction peaked during the evening. Traffic during the midday peak period tended to be slightly southbound This unsignallzed intersection operated acceptably during the evaluated peak hours. Key oriented. movements were the eastbound and westbound left-turns onto Kuakini Highway from Walua Road and from Oni Oni Street. These movements operated at LOS C throughout the day. The eastbound left-turn out of Walua Road was the heaviest minor street movement. Queuing of about 4-5 vehicles at most were observed during peak conditions. However, most of the time vehicles were able to make the turn easily because of the gaps between vehicle platoons. PARSONS 10 Kuakini Highway Widening PARSONS 11 Kuakini Highway Widening BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 3. Queen Kaahumanu Highway Extension Ill.FUTURE CONDITIONS The eastbound left-turn movement at the intersection of Queen Kaahumanu Highway and The two build alternatives being considered in this study have similar alignments and Kuakini Highway operated at an acceptable LOS C during all evaluated peak hours. Field roadway cross-sections. Both alternatives would widen Kuakini Highway to four lanes observations indicated that this eastbound left turn movement had a queue of at most 4-5 between Hualalai Road and the future Alii Highway. Therefore,the traffic operations for vehicles which occurred during the Midday peak hour. Currently,the left turn movement both build alternatives would be functionally the same and were analyzed as the"widened" is accomplished in two steps. First,a vehicle crosses the southbound lane and then stops scenario. This"widened"scenario was compared to a future"un-widened"scenario that in the median storage area. Second,the vehicle merges into the northbound traffic flow. represented the No Build alternative. These steps reduce the actual delay because the vehicle does not have to wait for acceptable gap in both northbound and southbound traffic flows. Gaps in the northbound traffic flow along Queen Kaahumanu Highway Extension created by the adjacent traffic A. Future Roadway Network signal at Lako Street helped to facilitate this movement. There are several initiatives being pursued by the County of Hawaii DPW and the State of Queen Kaahumanu northbound left-turns operated well at LOS B for all evaluated peak Hawaii Department of Transportation(HOOT)to improve the roadway network in the west hours. Hawaii area. The proposed widening of Kuakini Highway between Hualalai Road and the future Alii Highway is one of those initiatives. Other major initiatives that have been recently Kuakini eastbound right-turns were not included in the intersection analyses since it does completed or are planned are: not directly interact with the rest of the intersection movements. widening of Kuakini Highway between Palani Road and Hualalai Road; extension of Lako Street to connect to Alii Drive; widening of Queen Kaahumanu Highway between Palani Road and landfill road; widening of Queen Kaahumanu Highway between landfill road and Kona Airport Road; extension of mid-level road(Keohokalole Highway)to Palani Road; extension of Nani Kailua Road to Alii Drive; extension of Hienalole Street to Palani Road; future Alii Highway between Keauhou Shopping Center and Queen Kaahumanu Highway extension. In this context,the proposed widening of Kuakini Highway between Hualalai Road and Alii Highway is consistent with the future roadway network. It is a logical extension of the recently completed widening of Kuakini Highway between Palani Road and Hualalai Road and has a logical terminus at the future Alii Highway. It would also facilitate the extension of Nani Kailua Road by providing the added width for appropriate channelization where Nani Kailua Road would cross Kuakini Highway. PARSONS 12 Kuakini Highway Widening PARSONS 13 Kuakini Highway Widening BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 3 B. Year 2020 Traffic Volumes — The 2020 travel demand model for the Hawaii Long Range Land Transportation Plan wasused as a basis for estimates of future AM and PM traffic volumes within the study area. 1 1 E E Peak hour volumes at the intersections within the study corridor were estimated in a manner `t 0;e consistent with the regional forecast of traffic volume. Added to these volumes was traffic generated by future development along the corridor. Traffic generated from these developments was distributed and assigned into the network based on Year 2020 sJl Rig employment and residential land use data. Year 2020 peak hour traffic volumes are shown In Figure 5. s\�,� -��1a C. Year 2020 Traffic Operations 1766�6z6 �� t`j U Kuakini Highway alternatives without and with the proposed widening were evaluated for Year 2020 traffic conditions using methodologies documented in the 2000 Highway E Capacity Manual. Intersection level of service (LOS) and delay resulting from these e� j analyses are summarized in Table 2. _ in(15z( o 16(15 .1 Onbni St Co Kuakini Highway between the future Alii Highway and the Queen Kaahumanu Highway � Extension was assumed to remain as a two-lane roadway in both widened and un-widened ((1))"5 d (56(66--„ Q scenarios. The future Alii Highway is expected to accommodate a significant share of the (VO traffic traveling on Kuakini Highway within Kai lua Village that Is destined for the South Kona -- N areas. Results of analyses of the segment of Kuakini Highway located between the future Alii Highway and Queen Kaahumanu Highway Extension are summarized in Table 3. @% } 3 49(60( (66( Hualalai Rd 17��� .----n6(18f1) (251)9A'—'� J 7(167 (1351135—ti 3 �Illq� PARSONS 14 Kuakini Highway Widening PARSONS Kuakini Highway Widening BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 BRINCKERHOFF 15 January 2007 Table 2 Year 2020 Intersection LOS and Delay(North of AIii Highway) Without Widening With Widening Table 3 Year 2020 Intersection LOS and Delay(South of AIii Highway) Intersection AM Peak PM Peak AM Peak PM Peak LOS Delay LOS Delay LOS I Delay LOS Delay Hualalai Rd/Kuakini C 35.0 D 51.7 C 31.0 C 34.0 Intersection AM Peak PM Peak Hwy LOS Delay I LOS I Delay Hualalai EB Left C 34.4 D 37.0 C 34.4 D 37.0 Keakealani Dr/Kuakini Hualalai EB Through/Right C 34.4 C 33.0 C 34.4 C 33.0 Hwy Unsignalized Hualalai WB Left C 24.4 D 38.6 C 24.4 D 38.6 Keakealani EB Hualalai WB Through/Right D 48.2 D 39.4 D 48.2 D 39.4 Left/Through/Right C 15.4 C 19.3 Kuakini NB Left D 42.0 D 41.0 D 42.0 D 41.0 Keakealani WB Kuakini NB Throu h/Ri ht C 28.8 C 30.7 C 28A C 3117 Left/Throu h/Ri ht B 14.0 C 19.7 Kuakini SIB Left D 45.9 D 41.0 D 45.9 D 41.0 Kuakini NB Left A 7.9 A 8.3 Kuakini SB Throu h D 426 F 105.9 C 25.0 C 327 Kuakini SB Left A 8.3 Kuakini SB Ri ht C 20.7 C 24.5 C 25.0 C 32.7 Queen Kaahumanu Hwy/ Unsignalized Oni-Oni St/Walua Rd/ E 60.8 F 120.6 C 24.8 C 30.8 Kuakini Hwy Kuakini XWy Kuakini EB Left C 18.0 C 18.9 Walua EB Left/Through h C 33.0 C 24.6 C 33.0 C 24.6 Queen Kaahumanu NB Left B 10.4 B 121 Walua EB Right B 13.4 C 23.9 B 13.4 C 23.9 Oni-Oni WB Left/Through D 45.9 D 36.3 D 45.9 D 36.3 Delays In vehicles per hour. Oni-Oni WB Ri ht C 25.1 D I C 25.1 D 37.2 Kuakini NB Left D 35.8 D 38.4 D 35.8 D 38.4 Kuakini NB Throu h/Ri ht F 109.0 F 161.3 C 24.4 C 28.6 Kuakini SIB Left C 33.6 C 32.4 C 33.6 C 32.4 1. Hualalai Road and Kuakini Highway Kuakini SIB Throu h C 30.5 F 194.5 C 21.6 C 33.11 Kuakini SB Right C 2111 C 311.7 C 20.1 C 30.7 AIii Hwy/Kuakini Hwy F 176.1 F 199.7 D 40.2 D 49.6 The widening of Kuakini Highway south of Hualalai Road is a logical extension of the recent Alii EB Left F 282.1 F 265.1 D 46.7 D 48.4 widening of Kuakini Highway between Palani Road and Hualalai Road. It is recommended AIii EB Throu h F 436.1 F 408.0 E 67.0 E 59.0 that the current Kuakini southbound approach configuration be modified during the AIii EB Ri ht B 19.9 B 19.9 B 19.9 B 19.9 Alii WB Left D 38.0 E 57.9 D 38.0 E 57.9 widening to an exclusive left lane,one through lane,and a shared through/right lane. This Alii WB Through F 169.4 F 438.1 D 38.9 E 66.7 configuration was better able to accommodate the forecasted southbound traffic demand Alii WB Ri ht B 18.8 B 17.0 B 18.8 B 17.0 Kuakini NB Left D 40.9 E 55.9 D 40.9 E 55.9 on Kuakini Highway. Figure 6 illustrates the lane configuration recommendation before and Kuakini NB Throu h E 58.7 E 67.4 C 29.1 C 29.4 after the proposed widening. Kuakini NB Right B 128 B 15.2 B 12A B 15.2 Kuakini SIB Left D 37.4 D 35.7 D 37.4 D 35.7 Kuakini SB Throu h C 32.6 E 74.0 C 32.5 E 74.0 The Kuakini southbound through movement operated at LOS F under the un-widened Kuakini SB Ri ht B 14.9 B 17.8 B 14.9 B 17.8 southbound approach configuration of an exclusive left lane,one through lane,and an Delays In vehicles per hour. exclusive right lane. Adding another through lane in the southbound direction would reduce vehicular delay to LOS C. Overall,this intersection is expected to operate at LOS C or better under the widened scenario. PARSONS 16 Kuakini Highway Widening PARSONS 17 Kuakini Highway Widening BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 2. Oni Oni Street/Walua Road and Kuakini Highway Year 2020 traffic volumes through this intersection indicate that traffic signal warrants would be satisfied. Even with signalization, significant delay was observed In the Kuakini .e northbound and southbound through traffic under the un-widened scenario. Figure 7 0 illustrates the un-widened and widened lane configuration at this intersection. It was assumed that left-turn bays would be added on Kuakini Highway for both future scenarios. Ao m The northbound through/right movement Improved with the widening,improving from LOS �'PiPP F to LOS C during the AM and PM peak hour time periods. The southbound through y d Y. movement improved from LOS F to LOS C during the PM peak hour time period. o Cod C t 3. Alii Highway and Kuakini Hiohwav O T = Figure 8 shows the un-widened and widened lane configurations recommended for this � C _a1 Y intersection. The most significant improvement from the widening occurs in the future Alii C CO O Highway eastbound movements. If Kuakini Highway is not widened,there can only be one C.) left-turn lane from eastbound Alii Highway to northbound Kuakini Highway.This lane would 3 C operate at LOS F during the AM and PM peak hour time periods. With the widening,this Co Co 'O movement can be served by double left-turn lanes,thereby improving operation to LOS D. Co r N O The eastbound Alii Highway through movement would improve from LOS F to LOS D and E Of during the AM and PM peak hour time periods,respectively. } In the widened scenario,double eastbound left-turn lanes on the future Alii Highway were recommended to process the future demand from Alii Highway to Kuakini Highway, Ao towards Kailua town. To facilitate channelization at the Kuakini Highway/Alii Highway intersection, future Alii Highway is recommended to be four lanes between Queen Kaahumanu Extension and the future mauka-makai road connecting Alii Highway to Alii 0 v 3 Drive in the vicinity of the Kahakai development. South of the mauka-makai road,future Alii ~ c Highway will narrow to two lanes. Signalization is recommended at this intersection when warranted. �IIIIII PARSONS Kuakini Highway Widening PARSONS 19 Kuakini Highway Widening BRINCKERHOFF tg January 2007 BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 _ 00 v 3 NoOmaniStreet 2 >` Walua Road Alli Highway co c c c 3 012 O r Co 5 Y .c _ �a 3 co Co U a 3 U Y N 00 cr- co Co co r J (0 r J > 7 C co O (ZS O 3 N N 0) N O . c 3 O 3 Onlonl Street Wal� Ain Highway j IT EIII�I� Rill PARSONS Kuakini Highway Widening PARSONS Kuakini Highway Widening BRINCKERHOFF 20 January 2007 BRINCKERHOFF 21 January 2007 It is recommended to provide an additional through lane for the Kuakini northbound The future Alii Highway/Kuakini Highway intersection is expected to process heavier traffic approach to increase the ability to accommodate the northbound traffic forecasted along volumes in the Alii Highway eastbound and westbound through and left movements,as well Kuakini Highway,especially during the PM peak hour. This improvement would reduce the as the Kuakini southbound right-turn movement. Double eastbound left-turn lanes on Alii delay for the northbound through movement from LOS E to C. Highway were recommended under the widened scenario to process the heavy left-turn demand. Overall, the intersection operated at LOS E and better under the widened 4. Keakealani Drive and Kuakini High waX scenario. With a roadway network that includes a future Alii Highway, the segment of Kuakini The Keakealani Drive/Kuakini Highway and Queen Kaahumanu Highway Extension/Kuakini Highway south of future Alii Highway would remain a two-lane roadway. Highway intersections were assumed to remain in their existing,un-widened configurations. Future Alii Highway was assumed to accommodate approximately fifty percent of the Within this segment, the Keakealani Drive intersection would retain its existing configuration. For forecasted Year 2020 traffic conditions,this intersection would operate regional north-south traffic using Kuakini Highway,and,therefore,was no need to widen well at LOS C or better. the segment of Kuakini Highway south of future Alii Highway. These two intersections, although not within the project limits,were analyzed for completeness and were projected 5. Queen Kaahumanu Highway Extension and Kuakini Highway to operate acceptably at LOS C or better. Again,with a roadway network that includes the future Alii Highway,this intersection would retain the same configuration as existing conditions. Future Alii Highway is projected to accommodate about fifty percent of the future traffic on Kuakini Highway north of Alii Highway,resulting in LOS C or better operation at this intersection. D. Summary of Results Based on the future intersection analyses,Kuakini Highway would benefit from widening to four lanes between Hualalai Road and Alii Highway. Because the Hualalai Road/Kuakini Highway intersection was already in its future configuration during existing conditions,there was not much of a difference between the un-widened and widened scenarios. However, modifying the Kuakini southbound lane configuration did improve that movement from LOS F to C during the PM peak. The Oni Oni Street/Walua Road/Kuakini Highway intersection operated acceptably at LOS D or better under the"widened"scenario. The widening reduced delay for the Kuakini northbound and southbound through movements. Signalization and left-turn bays on Kuakini Highway were assumed for future analyses. PARSONS 22 Kuakini Highway Widening PARSONS 23 Kuakini Highway Widening BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 IV.Findings and Conclusions Signalize the future Alii Highway/Kuakini Highway intersection; Widening Kuakini Highway from Hualalai Road to AIII Highway will work with other planned Provide two through lanes on northbound Kuakini Highway approach at the roadway Improvements In the Kailua-Kona area,to Improve sub-regional and regional future Alii Highway intersection; mobility in Kailua-Keauhou region. The widening would improve the Kailua-Kona-Keauhou Construct future Alii Highway to four lanes between Queen Kaahumanu roadway network, improve intersection operations within the project corridor, and Extension and the mauka-makai road connecting AIII Highway and AIII Drive, accommodate future planned development along Kuakini Highway. located in the vicinity of the Kahakai development to facilitate proper A. Roadway Network Improvements channelization at the Kuakini Highway/Alii Highway intersection. The proposed widening of Kuakini Highway between Hualalai Road and the future Alii C. Development Access Highway is a logical extension of the current Kuakini Highway widening project between As development occurs within the Kuakini Highway study corridor,driveway access is Palani Road and Hualalai Road. It will improve North-South mobility within the Kailua-Kona- expected to increase. Other projects are planned to help integrate project accesses but Keauhou roadway network by providing better system redundancy to Queen Kaahumanu overall access will still increase.The widening of Kuakini Highway in this segment will allow Highway and by facilitating connectivity with the future Alii Highway.The widening would through traffic to be processed while accommodating increased turning movement activity also help to accommodate future modifications to the roadway network such as the associated with the planned development. proposed Nam Kailua Road Extension. The segment of Kuakini Highway south of Alii Highway is expected to experience about fifty percent less traffic than the northern segment due to traffic being assigned to future Alii Highway.This segment would remain a two-lane facility. B. Intersection Improvements Key intersections along the Kuakini Highway study corridor are forecasted to be inadequate to handle the projected peak hour traffic volumes.To provide acceptable future traffic operations,the following intersection Improvements are recommended in addition to the widening of Kuakini Highway: • Provide a southbound through lane,and a through/right lane at Hualalai Road and Kuakini Highway; • Add left-turn bays on Kuakini Highway at Oni Oni Street and Walua Road; • Signalize Oni Oni Street/Walua Road/Kuakini Highway intersection; PARSONS 24 Kuakini Highway Widening PARSONS 25 Kuakini Highway Widening BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 Appendix A Traffic Count Data APPENDICES PARSONS Kuakiai Highway Widening PARSONS A Kuakini Highway Widening BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 --TAW c w Y.— TIME E K L j K LM°ta T1.1 Totai Hat m Hour — A T-- 7-1 11— 1 1 �7 12 22 Is Is I3 73 1 s5 14 16 ll I- 115- 9 2 15 . 1`I Ia . 19 1,1 1. 11 2B1 s, I 1 11 1., s 11 Q 1l 11 11 11 11 Is ll 17 s, 11 ll 11 s 1. s s, s, I. I6 l. 11. l Is 12 11. s is.- I.— is 7e IN 11 sD 1479 s, 21 I� .1 1— s.111. s.— s s7 Is M is s �i 71 — 12— 1—. 7 40 Is' I� 17 26 s, .1 JKI si 1� I5 Is 4 s, 41 11 Is 11— 1— 1 1 s� 4l 1� T 11 301 141 Ull Is, 1. -s Eat North North —,I Peak H.., 149 s s, Peak MDGr s. THRu t6a T'lu BL LEFT' 89 LEFT 61 11 THPU 11 114 1. nBJ EM IXIUNT SHEET ......T SHEST 2a_I .-H TIME A s C D E E LTotal Total TIME A IT - -7. H I J K L MvII, H_ I.Im 11 1 1 11 ,'N. ISIE 711- Il 1� 7 1 � 1 11 E 21 111 711 4 1 41 �I I I IG 11 45 2 10 a 5 173 111 318pm a II,Pm 12 1� - IS P, I 1 41 1; 1 1 1. 11 111 1.1 0 13 1 11 2 14 1 1.- 1 1, 11 21 11 I a 1.1 1411. 1 41 1 59 11 1 1 41 I3 ID 1161. 1.- 1 11 21 -5 1 -1 1111 SAM 1..w IS 13 1 1 I.I. — I 11 12 1 I� IS II 111 11 -1 — I— I. I 11 14 11 2 11 11 1! 1 1. . 2 111 — I4 a IS II 21 I, i2 1. "1 E45A. E. I 1 11 1 1 11 11 _ 11 t 32 iJ0 ., 4. 1- I H E, 1. t Aat 12 '1 11 12 7 1G 7— S.-i 4E I- I'. I- I— III I— I- III. -I. PIT 1. SI d7 I'- IS. North Pllk Hl. North P..k H 1.1 4_ 75 T Ell� 1� EE 2 JT �LT TH�U IGH as 91a RSPT .1 S..th steee Onk. .Ell.....11 NO-A I—A pm co- 111F H c 1...W- TF L K Towi Total M- H— TIME A 11 c D E H I L TIME E I j K I T.., 11- Mvmt Hour 1-- 7 —7-3 Ifl 35pm I la 13 12.'. 1.- 1 67 1 1 37 14 1. PMap PM $ 1 1'Wp. 1 15. 11 33 46 3 o 1. 13 .1 866 iv 411 41 11 11 7 2 4 41 11 - alow 53— 14 6 1. t2 6 65 14 .1 N.lh Peak H.., Peak Hour ..Po-T T— ;T THRtI I T— T— R-T LEFT RIGHT L�� T— -.T K� A. N— El -- -------- %h' T-1 T— —1 T-1 TIME A E c D E TIME A u a D E F G H I J K L Mvmt Hour 15— I 0 47 7:- 7—. .. ai a2a v 12 .1 1 1 1 11 11 — 2169 i Lf- 8WIM 3 33 6 9 .1 .14 2 92 1 1. 0 0 2. I r1l 1 1 2 1 —A. ]44. 2. —A. 4 1 14 —A. .14 7— 17 North Norm tRe Peak H.., 4e Peak Hour FIGHT iHFU LE GHT THOU L- T— I T'll I _EFT T— FILM FIGHT SouthTHAU ui H— -AlA w1h ------- A-7 1 fF- E TIME A c 0 1 K L TIME I, I I I '"°del Total Mvmi HOVE 13 4 1. . 11E — 00 PM o —ot S7 o e 2D3 o t t, or "I — 1. 72 0 7 11 I I --- - - 'o 12 170 0 r D 17 Ill 1— 12— to o ^ 1 it 245 a 39 .1 o G 1" 21 t. n 'Atp. 66 Bo 11 0 1. t-1 o— DNpI 7 0.926 v kDlVp PM Peak Hour North 11— 1—pm RIGHT 0 Peak H... toss S_ MR� Beer PM &W PM .1 1.— oo— Appendix B Levels of Service Definitions Appendix C Intersection Capacity Analysis Worksheets The Highway Capacity Manual defines six Levels of Service(LOS),labeled A through F, from best to worst conditions. Levels of Service for signalized and unsignalized intersections are defined in terms of average user delays. Delay is a measure of driver discomfort,frustration,fuel consumption,and lost travel time. For unsignalized intersections,the Highway Capacity Manual evaluates gaps in the major street traffic flow and calculates available gaps for left-turns across oncoming traffic and for the left and right-turns onto the major roadway from the minor street. LEVEL-OF-SERVICE A. Little or no delay. LEVEL-OF-SERVICE B. Short traffic delays. LEVEL-OF-SERVICE C. Average traffic delays. LEVEL-OF-SERVICE D. Long traffic delays. LEVEL-OF-SERVICE E. Very long traffic delays. LEVEL-OF-SERVICE F. Demand volume exceeds capacity, resulting in extreme delays with queuing that may cause severe congestion and affect other movements at the intersection. PARSONS B Kuakini Highway Widening PARSONS C Kuakini Highway Widening BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 BRINCKERHOFF January 2007 INPUT WORKSHEET CAPACITY AND LOS WORKSHEET G.-ill Information Site Information Analyst Jw Intersection H,.].I.i R.ad1K,-i`11 General Information Agency or Co PBQD High-y Project Diocrietron Kicakir,Hwy W;daning-HualalaalKnakipi-AM Peak-E,,sfing Date Performed 811812005 Area Type All.their.-a Time Period AM Peak Jurisdiction Hawaii County Capacity Analysis Analysis Year 2005 EB WB NB S8 Project D.wletiK-kii Hay Widening-H-WalKiAakin,-AM Pack-Existing Lane group L TR L TR L I TR L T R I.W...d..G....trry Adj.flow rate 160 74 67 223 69 1453 1 106 318 166 Satfiow rate 1805 1777 1347 1742 1805 13505 1 1805 1900 1615 Lost time 2,0 2.0 2.0 1,1 1.1 2.1 20 2,1 2 G-rinato 0,36 0.36 0.19 0,19 0.51 0.32 0.51 0,32 0-32 G.d.- c Lane group cap- 356 640 251 325 476 1122 481 608 517 vie ratio 10,15 0.12 0.27 0.69 0.14 0.40 0.22 0,52 0.32 Flow ratio 10.09 0.04 0,05 0,13 0.04 0.13 0,06 0.17 0.10 Crit,lane groupN y N y Y' N Sum flow ratios 0.44 Lost timeloycle 20.00 cuti.1 Wo ratio 0.61 Lane Group Capacity,Control Delay,and LOS Determination EB VVB NB se Grad' Lane group L TR L TR L TR L T R Adj.flow rate 160 74 67 223 69 453 108 318 166 Lane group cap. 356 640 251 325 1476 1122 481 608 517 G.d. 0 W.redo U45 0.12 0.27 0,69 10,14 0.40 0.22 0.52 0.32 a Green ratio 0,36 0,36 0 19 0.19 O�51 0.32 0.51 0.32 072 Volume and Timing Input ES WB NB SB Ult.delay d, 17.4 16,0 26.1 285 10.3 19.9 10.2 20,8 19,3 LT TH RT LT TH RT LT I TH RT I LT TH I RT Delay factor k 0A1 0.11 0.11 0.26 0.11 0,11 0.11 O�13 0.11 Volume(vph) 144 36 29 160 89 1112 62 1323 85 197 286 149 Increm.delay do 0.9 0.1 0.6 5.9 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.8 0A 31111 6' '66 3 56 "'7 '6 132 7� TH '00, "0' 0 90 2 %1-1-y-h 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 PF fialb., 7.000 1�000 1�000 1.000 1.000 11,000 1 1.009 1.000 11000 PHF 0,90 0.90 0.90 lago 0.90 0.90 ago 10.90 0.90 a90 0.90 0.190 Actuated(P/A) A A A I A A A A A A A A A Control delay 1U 16.1 26,7 34.4 10.5 20.2 10.4 21.7 19.7 Startup lost time 2.0 2.L 20 20 20 2.0 70 2.0 zu Lane group LOS 6 1 3 C C S I C B C 8 2.0 2.0 ZO 2.0 2.0 2.0 20 ZO 2.0 MWI, 3 3, 3 3 g 3 3 3 3 3 Approh,delay 17�6 32.6 16,9 19,0 Unt Bpanabu 3.0 3.L 3.0 3.0 3.0 ao 3.o ao ao Approach LOS B P.dg3ikc/RT0R Volume 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Inte-c.delay 21.2 Intersection LOS C 0 Lane Width -12.0 72,0 12,0 IZO 12.0 120 12.0 12.0 1ZO C,y,ight 02005 rr,il,Y Florida,Ail Rehl,Fo- Hcs.TM v""'5A Generated:712712N6 9:51 AM Parking(Y or N) N N N N N N N Parking/hr I I Bus stapa/h, 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 I EB Only I EW P.- 03 04 Excl._�Eft: GEjEEHP07 08 _240 G= Timing IG=Eirl) IG=14.0 IG 0.0 JG=0.0 G=9.O I G-24.0 1 G-0.0 JG-0.0 Y=5 IY=5 JY=0 11 =0 IY=5 Y=5 Y=0 IY=0 ICycle Len qthC= 75.0 c';Qhr Q 2W5 U Nio d Florida,All Rio" Hao."m vl,n G.Ied-1- 9:5t1. INPUT WORKSHEET CAPACITY AND LOS WORKSHEET General Information Site Information Analyst Jw �,,,,_,lan Hrcsllli 11111111111kili General Information Agency or Co. PBQD Highway Project Description Kuakiri Hwy Wdening-HrefoldYK-kini-Mid Peak-Exoding Data Performed 8/8/2005 Area Type All other areas Time Period Midday Peak Jurisdiction H.-fi County Capacity Analysi's Analysis Year 2005 EB WB NB SB Project Description Kuakirni Hwy Widening-HuralaWlKuakini-Mid Peak-Existing Lane group L TR L TR L TR L T R Intersection Geometry Adj.flow rate 174 716 68 195 49 462 109 372 199 G,d,= 0 1 1 1 S."fir-ate 1805 1809 1296 1751 1805 3485 1805 1900 1615 Lostfirde 2,0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2,0 20 2.0 2.0 20 4,1 Green ratio 0.37 0.37 017 0.17 0.49 0.33 0,49 0.33 0.33 Lane group..u. 409 675 225 304 400 1162 442 633 538 Vic role 0.43 0.170.30 0,64 0,12 OAS 0.25 0.59 0.37 Fl-nate 0.10 o0e 005 091 0.03 0,13 006 0.20 0.12 s Crit.lane group Y N Y N Y Y -N Sum Poet ratios 0.46 Last fimnayl. 20.00 Critical v(c ratio 063 c Lane Group Capacity,Control Delay,and LOS Determination EB WB NB Ss trade=0 Lane group L TR L TR L TF? L T R Ary,flow rate 174 176 68 195 49 462 109 372 199 Lane group cap. 409 675 225 304 400 1162 F"442 6.33 53-8 craae s Vic ratio 0,43 0.17 0.30 0.64 12 0,40 0,25 0,59 0,37 Green ratio 0.37 0,37 0,17 0.17 0.49 0.33 0.49 OM 0,33 Volume and Timinq Input S EB WB NB SB Unif.delay.dl 167 157, 27 0 211 11 1 192 lorz 107 190 LT I TH I RT I LT I TH RT LT lrH_ AT LT TH RT Delay faot.,k 0,11 0.11 0.11 0.22 O.11 10.11 0.11 0.18 0.11 Volume(vph) 157 71 33 161 184 92 44 3114 102 98_335 179 loclem.delay d, a7 0.1 6.8 4.5 0.1 10.2 03 1,4 0.4 %Heavy-h 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PF fact., 1,000 1.000 7.000 1.00 1.000 11.000 1 1.000 1.000 11.000 PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 latoo 10.90 0,90 090 0.90 0.90 0.90 a90 ago 9" Actuated PIA) A A A I A I A A A A A A A A Control delay 17.5 15.9 2T8 33,4 11.2 1194 1 11.0 22.2 119.4 Startup lost time 2.0 22_ 12.0 1 2.0 ZO ZO 20 20 20 Lane group LOS B B C I C B 8 B 2.0 230 0 12,0 2 3 0 2,0 2 1 0 20 2.0 3 0 2,0 Arrival e 3 3 3 Approld.delay 16.8 31,9 18.6 19.6Lot Eoerann M 3.0 3.0 3,0 30 3.0 3.0 3.0 3,0 reach LOS B C 8 3 P.dAak./RTOR Volume 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0- 0 111EPIs-..delay 20.7 Intersection LOS C Lane Width 12,0 12.0 112.0 12.0 1 1120 112.0 1 112.0 12,0 12.0 Copyright©2005 Urw-il,.l Florida,11 Ret,ls Reserved HCS+TM-1.,SA Parking(Y or N) N N N N I N N N N Parking/hr Bus stoes/hr 6 0 0 0 0 o 1 0 1 EB Only I EVV Plarint G�L30 �O4 17S 11 IG� 1,Excl.Left I NS Perm Tmog [G 1 00 G=130 G=70 1(3=Ph.l) G Y =5 Y=0 IY= Y=5 Y= Y Duration of ,nalysis(hrs)=0.25 1 1--Length I --R,H Florida,ell R,r,P a-. H,,TM., G--1212000 A sl 1. INPUT WORKSHEET CAPACITY AND LOS WORKSHEET G.rarm Im.-ti.. Site Information Analyst Jw Intersection H,,II,,i R-61luakini General Information -,,gh,,ay Project Description Kuskim Hwy Widening-H-IalselKupkini-PM Peak-EXISfing Agency or Co. PBQD Area Type Allothe-ea, Date Performed 81IW2005 Ja,i.do't.n H. W County Capacity Analysis Time Period PM peak AnsllysisY - aa, 2005 ED WB NS Sa Project Descriptlon Kuakin!Hwy Widening-HvaMMf1Kuaknf-PM Peak-Exztinp L.-group L TP LT R L TR L T R Intersection Gal Adj.ficam rat= 181 124 202 130 51 515 83 .486 206 oa-0 1 1 1 Saffl..,.t. 1805 1783 1509 11615 1805 3519 1605 1900 1615 Lost time 20 2.0 20 120 2,0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2,0 Go-ratio 0.36 0.36 0.20 0,20 051 0.39 a51 a39 a39 G,.dl, Lone g.up cap. 366 642 302 323 305 1361 399 735 624 vic ratio 0490-19 0.67 0.40 0,17 6-38 0,21 0.66 0.33 Flow ratio 0.09 0.07 0.13 0.08 0.03 0.15 0.05 0.26 0.13 Crit.lane group 77--rN-r -Y= -I S.m fie,ratios 0.53 1 1 Last time/cycle 20.00 Critical s/l,ratio 0.72 0 Lane Group Capacity,Control Delay,and LOS Determination ED WB NB SE; Lane group L TR LT R L I TR L T F? Adj.fo-t. 181 124 202 130 51 515 83 486 208 Lane group cap. 366 642 302 323 305 1361 1399 735 624 1 /a at!. O�49 0.19 0.67 0.40 017 0.38 0,21 0.66 02? 2 0 Sneed ratio 0.36 0.36 0.20 0.20 0.51 0.39 0.51 039 0.39 Volume and Timing Input ED AS NB SB Unit delay d, 17.5 16.5 27.7, 26A 11,4 ID5 10,1 19.0 16,2 Delay ftoto,k 0.11 0.11 O�24 0.11 0.11 0.11 LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT _0.11 0.24 AM 2D2 [3 '2 49 6' 2' 3�7 27 2 0 24 A., Volume(vDh) 163 66 46 183 '99 117 46 379 85 75 437 187 It-mem.delay d, 1�1 04 5.6 0,6 0.3 0.2 O�3 2.2 0,3 %H-y-h 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PF f.pt., 1'000 1,000 11.000 11.000 11,000 1.000 1.000 1.0ou 1.000 PHF 0.90 ago 0.90 lago 1.90 0.90 0.90 10.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0,90 Actuated(PIA) A A A I A A A A A -A A A Control delay 18�6 16.7 33.3 26,9 1.7+6.74 ',0,3 1,2 16.5 2,Startup lost time 0 2.00 1 2.0O 2.0 20 2.0 20 2.0 2-0 Lan.group LOS B B c I c B C 8 Ext. &L q-n 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2,0 2.0 2,0 2.0 2.0 ---- -- - - An-Mal type 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Appoh.delay 17,8 30.6 16.3 18.8 Unit EAensian 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Approach LOS B C B t, Ped/Bike/RTOR Volume 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 Intersec.delay 19.9 Intersection LOS 9 Lane Width -- 12.0 12.0 120 i12.0 12.0 120 1 112.0 120 1120 Cnp,nght Q 2to---y M Florida,All Rghl,a..,. H,,j.VA,.-- G,,,,AAi TW120$ 9:51 AM Parking(Y or N) N N N N N N N Parking/hr 13u.stoosild, 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 -0 ED Only I TW-Perm 03 04 1 Excl.Left NIS Perm 7" 08 = 7.0 15.0 0 IG= G-4�O G= Timing 7 . Fy; 3 Y=3 Y=0 ly= il=5 Y=5 ly=0 ly=___ IDuration dfA jyaia(l I Cyd.Length C= 75.0 Upy,ghtO 2UD5 Lnlversity of Florfae,All Rol Reserved 1A -.---- 9:51 AM TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY TWO-WAY STOP GONTROL.SUMMARY General Information Site Information General Information Site Information Onto Intersection RdIKakiiH.y nteirsectem Huy hi SYNma RdIKh.k,,i 10"d 0" , nci/Cr. IPBOD cane dCo. PROD v,ty IAQe 0.nodfluti- lHares"C,, Ounsdini Hersad C..ly iDate Performed Arelym Year 12005 �rrrul Year 12005 [Analysis Time Period JAMR-kE.nfing 24�TNpa,.' I �M� jersey Pork Project Description 16431-Keekini Hwy Widening-Ono,tIVWVallivalKoak i-AM-Extater, P,cjovtDc,onpfl., Kit.kith Her Wid-hig-Ortiordifthro/Krtakhrei-Mid Pk-Edisting, East/West Street: Oni Oni Streedlisadus,Road lN.rth/S.rthSteet: KuaiduHighway East/West Street: Oni Oni St'Walus Rd North/South iHighuesy 1 Intersection Orientation: North-South Ifithc Pe riod 0,25 Intersoofion Orientation: North-South n, 110 Street: Kuck!,once('_) 025 Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Miller Street Northbound Southbound lit.i.,street Northbound Southbound Moettriurt 1 1 2 1 3 4 5 6 M.'amush 1 2 3 4 1 5 6 T R L L T R L T R Vd... 191 T 12 25 145 i; vitlijits. 98 176 5 4 1.11 100 Peak-Hour Fe�.'�1.1 1 0.90 Gwoo 0_90 atto Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 g, T" 0690 Hourly Flow Rate,HER 82 212 13 27 161 121 Hourly Russ Rate,HFR 108 195 5 4 212 111 Percent Heavy 0 - Percent Heavy Vehicles 0 Median Type Undivided I Mser.n Type Undivided RT Ch.n.oll-c! 0 1 RT Ch.unalsed 0 1 Lares, 0 1 0 0 1 1 Om.s i onfiouration LTR Configuration LTR LT 0 Upstream Signal Minor Street Eastbound Westbound Minor Street Eastbound Westbound ls[.vern.nt 7 8 1 9 10 11 12 Movement a 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R L T R L T R Volume 137 7 48 8 13 53 volurn. 98 13 54 4 5 18 Peak-Hour Fast.,,PHF 0.90 G.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 Peak-Hour Fact.,,PHF 0.90 0.90 790 0.90 0.90 0,90 Hourly Flow Rate,HFR 152 7 53 6 14 58 Henry Flow Rate,HFR 108 14 60 4 5 20 P..aht Heavy Vehicles 0 o 0 0 0 0 Percent Heavy Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 0 Percent Grant,(%) 0 0 Percent Grade(%) 0 0 Flared Approach N N Ransil Approach N N Storage0 storage 0 0 i RT TT Channelized 1 0 1 L.caa I Lanes 0 1 1 0 1 Configuration LT R LT Configuration LT R _LT R Deg,Q....Length,,and Level of S.,o. Delay,Queue Length,and Level of Service Appreach Northbound Southbound Westbound Eastbound pporch Northbound Southbound Westbound Eastbound Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lane Configuration LTR LT LT R LT R Lane Configuration LTR LT LT R LT__ R v(vph) 62 27 22 58 159 53 v(vph) 108 4_ 9 20 122 60 C(m)(,ph) 1430 1356 361 827 336 889 C(m)(,ph) 1370 1384 332 848 349_ 833 is 0.06 0,02 0.06 0.07 0.47 0,06 vic 0,08 0.00 _0.03 0.02 0,35 007 car queue length 0.18 0.06 0.19 0.23 2.43 019 95%queue length 0,26 0.01 0.68 0.07 _1.53- 0.23 JControl Daley Z7 T7 15.6 9.7 25.0 9.3 Control Delay 76 16,1 9.3 208 9.7 1 L"' A JLOS C I A C A Los C A A Delaypproach 1 113 127,7 ter...h Dailey I77.1 C �pplllmr LOS 8 C C,11.10.6 University or Imme,Al,isolle u.- tics T.v.'s-A G-.1ri.2 1.112ves 1D3ss. (,,py,11 @ s-UnNerslty of Florid&All si,er,, -11on)v Ins3 TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY General Information Site Information General Information Site Information �g.rhy/c.. IPBQD Intersection Xmikin, [Analyst Intersection 4risdistion IHa-,,County H.y F1w Jurisdiction Histvail County Dats,Performed 1&1'812005 R.1yiss Year 12005 22# JPBOD 4 — ad 19/212005 Est, �irrflybe Year 2005 I,,knalysjs Tim,Period PM Peak I Period JAM k Exft�22 Project Description Krekin!Hwy Wkening-OniarnlWalualKatskinif-PMPk-Exiatcr nal East/West Street: Phi Odi StIW.1-Rd NorthlSouth Sbo.t' KeakiniHighwicy Project Description 16431-Khakinif Hwy-QuesnKlit"ovakini-AM-Existhos I'Vo. KL5 LT Intersection Orientation: North-South IStud yPeriod(hrs): 0.25 East/WestStreet KtitakiniHighshay INorth/South Street: Queen Keishuhh—HIg,bwa Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Intersection Orientation; North-South Studv Period his}: 0.25 Major Street Northbound Southbound Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Movement 1 2 3 4 5 6 Major Street M.,thb.n,d Struthb-nd L T R L T R Movement 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 -5- 6 V.Irme 64 160 17 11 206 159 L T R Peak-Hour Fact.,,PHF 0.90 0.90 0,90 0.90 V90 0.90 volume 232 1005 756 53 0 "go 0�90 090 go Hourly Flow Rate,HFR 93 177 18 12 228 176 F- ,k-H. Fast.,PHF 0.90 Percent Heavy Vishides 0 - - 0 - Hourly Flow Rat.,HFR 257 1116 0 0 840 58 Met Type Undivided Percent Heavy Vehicles 0 FIT Chad-lizi,cl 0 1 Median Type To W.,Left Then Lane Lanes T� 1 0 RT Charitnallsiccl 0 0 1 1 1 Configures., LTR LT R Lanes.. Upistestion Signal 0 0 Configuration L Minor Street Eastbound Westbound upatioarit Signal I I ------ Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 Minor Street Eastbound Westbound 11 L T R L T R Movement 7 1 8 1 10 M 12 Volume 84 15 55 11? 4 45 L T T R L Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 0.90 0.90 0,90 0.90 0.90 0,90 vdume —1 9 1- H.,,,Iy Flo.Rat.HFR 93 16 61 12 4 50 Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 0,90 19. 90 0,90 0,90 I Percent Heavy Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hourly FPy,Rate,HFR 0 1 1 0 0 0 Foment Gone. 0 0 Pennant Heavy Vehicles PEI 0 0 1 1 0 Flared Approach N N Foment Ghana,1%) 0 0 Storage 0 :I.rbd Approach N N 777-d FT. Storage RT Gharm,Lsad _Configuration I LT R LT I 'i -ones 1 0 0 0 0 0 Delay,Queue Length,abe Level of Service --bgneit- App...h Northbound it S.nthb..hd Westbound Eastbound D.I.y,Queue Len gffs rulLevel oil'Service Movement 1 4 7 8 9 1 to 1 11 12 s,ppm.ch Northbound S.offibe,brid VV.ctb..nd Eastbound 'bou it Lane Configuration LTR LT LT R LT R \A.Verne't 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 v(vph) 93 12 16 50 1019 61 Lane Configuration L L C(m)(vph) 1352 13,90 306 861 33,9 816 (,ph) 257 10 d 7 22 a R Control Delay_ 7.9 7.6 17,- 94 20,6 a8 w/.queue t ..41 E13 We C(.)t,ph) 765 O�07 OrOl 0.05 006 0.32 0,07 95%q...a length O�22 a03 0,16 018 1.36 0,24 v/c 0.34 LOS '1'7 A A C A C A Control Delay 121 �pproh LOS 11A 16.7 LOS —-----C__1 Fp r..I Delay 7 1 P'rb� l,pyrgh,0 2005 Uri-ityRf H,,.d,,Ar Right,Reserved lca�-Iih Vrhhh el Ran L. E Copyright th1 Jr-ir"of ir.6,1.,All RIghL.—I lottJ"1--1 G—ta,r 718t2006 Irr— TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY General Information Site Information General Information Site Information pw Queen Ka.hInnoll pw Intersection Q,b.,Ke-o". Int—ti., He��uakirVFH.y Pl--Iyst jur.ditbo IIwyIK.....H.y" encY/C.- 1PBQD IH..WC-.-tyPBQD —Y County coh, 191212005 �n.l D.I.P.,frro.d JgI212005 r 12005(Pt 2) JA-Iysls Time Period JAM Peak ExWfng lAn.lybs Time Period 14M Peak Ebetob Project Description 16431-Kuak.iiiHwy-Queenr,'Kuak,,*ni-AM-Existing-Pt1 Eta tY PAnZT I Project Description 16431-KuakIoIHwy-QaeaoK1Kua n, - I fa LT ALKT 2 East/West Street KuakiniHighn,by INorth/South Street: Queen Kabhumenu Ni hway i Eabt/W.AtSt,.ot: K,.kIiHhqhoay 01—K..h,..,,High—V 'th I�NF,,111�-I.h Intersection Orientation: North-SouthIStudIv Period(hrs): 0,25 Int.—.1w Orientation: North-South Stud Period bu d 0.25 Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Major Street Northbound Southbound Major Street Northbound Southbound Movement 1 2 3 4 5 6 Movement 1 2 3 4 5 6 L T R L T R L T R L T R Volume 232 5 53 Volume 5 1005 i 3 I Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 0.90 0.90 0,90 0.90 ago 41 Pd.1,-H..r Factor,PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 0,90 1 ago 0.90 T Hourly Flow Rate, FIR 1116 0 o Hourly Flow Rate,HFR 257 5 0 0 840 5d 1 5 5 Percent Heavy Vehicles 0 -- — 0 Percent Heavy V.I-ds 0 0 Median Type Two Way Left Tom Lane Media,Type T-W�.y Left Tom Lane RT Cha—Ilmol 0 -RT Cholahoed 0 Lanes 1 A 0 0 1 1 L.u.o Configuration t T T R Corrfig.'.ti.. L T upst—,312-1 0 0 Uttar—S:qn.1 1 0 1 1 Minor Street Eastbound Westbound. Minor Street Eastbound Westbound Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R L T R L T R Volume 9 Veto.. 9 Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 0n90 2490 0,90 0.90 0,90 0,90 Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 0.90 0490 ago 0.90 0.90 0.90 90 Hourly Flow Rate,HFR il) 0 0 0 0 0 Hourly Flaw Rate,HFR 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Percent Heavy Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 0 Percent Heavy'Vehicles O 0 �m Percent G.do 0 0 Percent Grad.[%) 0 0 N Flared Approach N N Flared Approach N Storage 0 Storage 0 RT Channel'-d I I RT Channolized L.o.v 0 L.—C.,f,g..t,.n L Configuration Delay,Queue Length,and Level of Service Delay,Queue Len th andLevel ol'Service Appb.dh Northbound Southbound Westbound Eastbound Approach Northbound Southbound Westbound E.,,,lb.ond Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 1 1112 md--t 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lane Configuration L L Lane G-1 L L v(vph) U257 10 v(vph) 5 10 0(m)(,ph) 804 300 C(m)(,ph) 1630 295 vlo O�32 0.03 v/c a03 95%q,.u.length 1,38 0. 95%queov length 0401 0.10 Control Delay 11,6 IT T2 4 Control Delay I17.6 \' C ILOS I A C 7S I �pproboh Delay 17.4 �prb,ll Delay 77.6 yppmach LOS C CaOYdgM©2005 University of Flonba,All ft-o--o I.J.v-1-5A Ge, --W— In— Copyrightt2—Unlvareity of Florida,All egho,JR.— ttCSira 1—i-5A ....... 12.— Illel A. TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY General Information Site Information General Information Site Information Q,aa,K [Analyst ljw intersection Analyst Jw airri H. fori Hw �DA""'y". IPBOD Jurisdiction JHymair County syl o� IpBoo Junedistion JH—d Catma, .td Performed 1811812005 Date performed 1,1118120,15 Inelastic, IIw—o... ... lA,.lys[a Time Period IMidday Peak Pridlysis You, Food Amilyae Time Pedant Midday Peak ralysis Year 12006 Project Description 76431-K..kmi w ILO 0- Project Description 16431-Kaekint Hwy-oveenKIKuakini-Midday-Existing-plI Go LT, FAT-T I Eaat/W.stStn.ot Krol Hi hyyff i 114ornt/SouthEtt" = —V ': QuyanKaahanuH4qh East/West Street: Kuakhr(Highoray Norrw�mu% e,K..h .,)4igh— lute—ot,sh Orientation: North-South Study panad(h F71 y re): 0.25 mthescr.,Oriented— North-South Study d''ad S""' M —,, (hns� Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Major Street Northbound 7F77-- Southbound M.I.,street Northbound Southbound Movement 1 2 7 4 5 6 Movement 1 2 3 4 5 1 6 L T R L T R L T R L T Volume 129 752 794 66 Volume 12P 0 794 66 Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 0.90 0.90 tot 90 0.90 0.90 0.90 Fneiak-Ha.,Factor,PHF 0,96 0,90 0.90 0.90 —0.70 190 Houdy Flow Rate,HFR 143 835 0 0 882 73 Hourly Flow Rate.HFR 143 0 0 0 882 73 Perean-A Heavy Vehicles 0 - - 0 -- - Percent Heavy Vehicles 0 - - 7 Median Type Ten.Way Left T— Median Type Lena - I a — Two Way Leff Turn Lane RT Chthrolibed 0 i RT Cld.nn.11cad Lanes 1 0 0 1 1 L.... 1 11 00 Configuration L T I R Tor T R —Lear' Sig, L" 'eir":Sig,,, 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 Minor street Eastbound Westbound minor street Eastbound Westbound Mava,rarrit 7 8 9 10 1 11 12 Movement 7 1 8 1 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R L T R L T R Volume 99 Volume 99 =Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 090 0,90 Peak-Hour Factor,PHF "a 0 AFF .90 0.90 0,190 1 0,90 Hourly Flow Rate,HER 110 0 0 0 0 1 Henry Flow Rate,HER " 11 ;0 0 0 1 0 Percent Heavy Var,id.a 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Percent Heavy Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 0 Percent Grade(%) 0 0 Percent Grand(%) 0 0 Flared Approach N N Flared Approach N N Storage 0 0 Storage 0 0 RT Channelized 1H-"T" naliz.d_Lhah I IL.n.c 1 0 Lanes 1 0 0 0 1 Configuration 71 77 -=f IConfiguration L Delay,Queue Length,and Level of Service Delete,Q....Length,,and Level of Service Approach Northbound Southbound Westbound Eastbourne! Approach Northbound Southbound westbound Eastbound Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lane Configuration L L Lane Configuration L L v(yph) 143 110 v(yph) 143 110 C(m)(,ph) 775 210 C(m)(upin) 775 354 v/0 0.18 0.52 'is 0.18 0.31 95%queue length 0,67 2,71 1 95%queue length 067 I-X0 ]Control Delay 10.7 39,6 Central Delay 10.7 13.7 ILOS l, 8 E LG �ppmrch Delay 396 preach Delay Ily 7 E trail LOS CJ 0n,y,,H @.35--A,of FloAds,All el,1.Fvs.—d -M.ay Imta A. C.pynghn @ tons U—mly If Florid&All ngl,,,Reserved HCS-TM version I., ItIr- TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY General Information Site Information General Information Site Information klalvbt Pw Intersecton On—K., ,or, naly.t Jw rel's-te, Queen�eahan,'��fan� �gency,'Co 1PBQD Junsdi�Hhn IH,,y1KXIhI HW IPBQD H V -'a"�J. jHbyall Count Date Performed wl.dhofilon wed Shanty Date Performed IEV1312005 D.to JH. l4ralVluS Time Period l0dpfay Peak rnay�i.Y 12005 LAIL.PbF d 811812005 nalysis Your 12005 1 �l I 9#� Project C—iptip, 7643K..kIiH,,y-QIeIrK1K-kI!-�idd� �mblg'pf2 to LT PAIZT 2- Project D.songfion Kdkirli Hey Widbn.q-Q.,K,K 1-P"VPk -D LT Et'West S K,k!'i High-oy North/South th Street: One-K-hurre,,Highlwdy E.sVW.tStre.t K-kiriHigh v j.ThI duM Queen Kaahumanu L��hwpE a: N.,th-South 1 2, Intersection Orientation: —of—Od.ntab North-South Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Major Street N.,thb.uhd Southeound Major Street Northbound Serthb-nd Movement 1 2 3 41 5 1 6 Movement 1 2 3 4 5 6 L T R L T R L T R L T R vuunn. 5 752 15 5 Volume 'do 903 1007 46 Peak-Hour Factor,PHF OM 0.90 0.90 1 0.90 0.90 090 P—a.kA4.,7a7t-7,PHF 0.90 0.90 0.00 0.90 090 090 Flow Fl Rol.,HFR 5 635 0 0 5 5 Hourly FlowR.te,HFR 166 1003 0 0 1118 51 Percent Heavy Vehicles o — -- 1 0 Percent Heavy Vehicles 0 -- — 0 — Media,Type L.LlWey Left Tnnn L Aedbn Type Two We Left Lane RT Channelized 1 0 RT Charnoliz.ol 0 Lanes 1 1 0 0 1 1 Lanes 1 7 0 0 1 Configuration L T T, T T R Upstream Signal 0 0 Upstream Signal 0 0 Minor Street Eastbound Westbound Minor Street E.Mb—ol Westbound Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L -T R L T R L T R Vol— — 99 V-olurne 27 Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 0.90 0,90 0.90 a90 0190 0.00 Peak-Hour Factor.PHF OM 0,90 OF 90 0.90 0.90 0.90 Hourly Flow Rate,HFR 0 0 0 0 0 Hourly Flow Rate,HFR SO 0 0 0 0 0 Ple—rit Heavy Vehicles o 0 0 0 0 0 P.,..,t Heavy Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 0 P.,o.ht Grade(/,) 0 0 Percent Grade(%) 0 0 Ruled Approach N N Flared Approach N N Storage 0 Storage 0 0 RT Chlarinellzed 0 RT Ch-rolaod 0 I Lane, 0 0 0 0 IN I.— i i I 0 0 C I Configuration L Delay,Queue Length,antl L.y.1 of S.M.. Deim Queue Length,andLevel ofService App.a.h Northbound Southeound Westbound Eastbound Approach_ Northbound Southbound Westbound Eastbound Movement -1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lane Configuration L L Lane C-fig—fl- L L ,(,ph) 5 110 v(vph) 166 30 C(m)(vph) 1630 k401 C(m)(,ph) 632 150 vIc U0 0.27 �Ic 0.26 0.20 95%qrleue length 0.01 1.10 95%queue length 1.05 0.72 Control Delay 72 7.j'� - Control Delay 34.9 ILOS C LOS B D IA,,-,,h Colby 1 17.3 pproach Delay 349 C ApproachLOS H`u Vn G.—.-MMll. 10: of,iAll RigMed TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY General Information Site Information General Information Site Information Intersection Q —an, jJw r. Queen Ke.h—.,n wylKuakini Hiv ,r HetylKulskint Hw �n ai ' A'�g—x/cu. ireditcon Houvon County on y/c.. jpBQD 01,dir,ton H—alf County D '.1yels Y... 12005 Date Performed 1,1111,12005 refli Year 12005 [Arelyse Time Period jPM Pool, [A-lyss Time Period -J I ii�� I I Project Description K-koiHviy Wae,lg-Qu-nWKca%,PM ilk elpr LT ph"19�11` I P,clect(Des-Ation K,.kiniHwyWid-.g-Q,.-KIKakini.PMPk-Existing-pt2 RT 1,-r pp'Lli North/South 7 E.st/WestStest: K-kirliHighivey /ri ft,K-h—ou Hgh—y E.,lW.stStr.ot: K-kiriHighs,ey jN.nhiS..rhSfi-..tt Queen K.qhome,,Hgh—v MLR-s.ii 0-nusbon: North-S-th IStudy Period(hre): 0,25 Intersection Odel-Itsi North-South IStud yPeriod mi-sh: 0.25 Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Maier Street I Northbound soutoteund Maier Street Northbound Soushbound Mo—hent.... 1 1 2 11 3 4 5 6 Mini 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 L T I R L T R L T R L R 7 - Volume F-1 5 1007 46 Volume 5 3 b 5 '50== I Peak-Hour Fart.,I., �.�1 F0 1.1i) Ell 1,.11 0.90 P.o],Hcur Factor,PHF 0.90 0.90 Hourly Flow Rate,HFR 5 0 0 iiiB 51 Hourly Flaw Rein,HFR 5 5 Percent Heavy Vehicles I -- —— Percent Heavy Vehicles 0 0 - Median Type Two Way Lett Tam Lsoa Median Type L—WicyLlft,TurnLane RT Clanneh.ol 0 1 I RT Ch.—Iii 0 1 0 7 Lan. Configuration L T T R Configuration Upstream S12 al 0 1 1 0 upst'...Signel Minor Street Eastbound Westbound: Minor Street Eastbound I W-tiourld Movement 7 8 p 11 Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 10 L T R L T R L T R L T R Volume 27 Vul 27 Peak-Hour Feet.,,PHF 0,90 0.90 0.90 -11 90 Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 0.90 0-90 0.90 0,90 0,90 0.90 Hourly Flow Role,HFR 30 0 0 0- Hourly Flow Rate,HFR 30 0 0 0 Percent He.vy Vehicles 0 0 0 0=1 Percent He.,,Vdlid- 0 0 0 0 0 0 Percent Grade(%) 0 0 Percent Grade(%) 0 0 Floret]Approach N N Flared Approach N N Storage 0 0 Storage 0 0 -- RT Channelizec 1 0 FIT Gr.nrhid—d i 0 Lanes 1 0 0 0 0 0 Lanes 1 0 0 0 0 0 Conf uration L Configuration L Dolint,Queue Length,and Level of Service D.I.v,0....Length,and Level of Service Appirchisch Northbound Southbourid Westbound Eastbound Applicant, _ Northbound S.qthbcund Westbound Eastbound Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 Me,oul 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 1 12 Lane Configuration L I - Lane Configuration L L v(vph) 166 30 v(vph) 5 30 C(.)(vph) 6�32 272 C(m) 16k 324 vic 0,26 0.11 v/c 0.00 0,09 91 queue length 1,05 L7_L�l 95%queue length 0.01 0-23 Control Delay 12.7 71,,, Control Delay T2 168 F S 9 LOS ppir—h D.I.y Appro.,h Delay 16.8 Lp-11h LOS ... G Ciqrc 0—J—Isii&Flhldl,All Right,—11d losl-1—ih-9 10: - Grght 0 ooe Uli—Ity or F!,ndi,,All R.&,R,-- Generated:Ttell— IQ D9 AM FULL REPORT General Information I Site Information Intersection Analyst JW Hualalai Road{Kuakini VOLUME ADJUSTMENT AND SATURATION FLOW RATE WORKSHEET Agencyor Co. PBQD Highway Date Performed 11312007 Area Type MathHawaii County General Information Time Period AM Peak AnalysJurisdis Hawaii County Project Description KoakiniHwy Widening-HublafaiMuakini-AM Peek-2020-Unwiden Analysis Year 2020(Unwidened) Intersection Geometry Volume Adjustment coal.=a ' ES WB NB SB LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT M Grade= 0 Volume 170 49 44 99 107 135 81 829 153 115 619 175 PHF 0.90 D90 OM 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0,90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 1 o Adjusted Flow Rate 189 54 49 110 119 150 90 921 170 128 688 194 Lane Group L TR L TR L TR L T R 0 a Adjusted Fiow Rate 189 iO3 110 269 90 1091 128 1668 E194Proportion of LT or RT 1.000 - 0.476 1.000 - 0.558 1.000 - 0.1561.000 cola.=o Saturation Flow Rate Base Sallow 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1-0 1900 Gouda= o Number of Lanes 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 Volume and Timina Input a fw 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1A00 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 EB WB NB SB 1.000 1A00 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 LT TH RT I LT TH I RT LT TH RT LT TH I RT fuv Vol-(vph) 170 49 44 99 107 135 81 829 153 115 619 175 ts 1.000 1.000 1.000 1A00 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 %Heavy Von 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 f 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Z000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 .90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0 Actuated(PIA) A A A A A A A A A A A A feb 1.000 1.00O 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1-000 Startup Lost Time 2.0 2.O 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 ZO 2.0 - 1.000 1.000 1.O11 0 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Extension of Effective Green 2.0 12.0 2.0 12.0 2.0 2.0 12.0 2.0 2.0 fa Arrival Type 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 feu 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.952 1.006 1.000 1.000 Unit Extension 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.O 3-0 a 3.0 3.0 3.0 0,950 1.000 0.950 1.000 0.950 1.000 0.950 1.000 Pert/Blke/RTCR Volume 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 f-T - - f Lane Width 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 t2 Secondary Lr 0.260 0.260 .556 .556 0 12.0 12.0 -- - ' Parking(Y or N) N N N N N N N N 0.929 0.916 0.977 1.000 0.850 ParkinglHour 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Bus StopslHour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 fol, - - - Pedestrian Timinp 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 fRPu _ 1.000 1.000 - 1.000 1.000 1.000 ExrL Left I EW Perm 03 04 Excl.Left Thn�&RT 07 08 1805 1764 1805 1741 1805 3533 1805 1900 1615 G=8.0 G=20.0 G=O.O G= G=12A G=40.0 G=0.0 G= Adjusted Sabi- Timing Y=5 IY=5 Y=0 IY= IY=5 IY=S IY=0 IY= Secondary Adjusted Satflow 494 4S9 _ 1057 -- Duration of I Cycle Lou th C= 100,0 FULL REPORT General Information I Site Information CAPACITY AND LOS WORKSHEET Analyst JW Intersection Huatalai Road/K-in i Agency or Co. P84D Highway Area Type A!1 other areas General Information Date Performed 11312007 Time Period PM Peak Jurisdiction Hawaii County Project Description Kuskini Hwy Widening-HualaiaUKuakini-AM Peak-2020-Unwiden Analysis Year 2020(Unwidened) Capacity Analysis intersection Geometry EB WB NB SB Grade=c Lane Group L TR L TR L TR L T R ) ` Adjusted Flow Rate 189 103 110 269 90 1091 128 688 194 Grade= a SatFlow Rate 1805 1764 1805 1741 1805 3533 1805 1900 1615 Lost Time 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 20 � 4 0 Green Ratio 0,33 0.20 0.33 0.20 0.12 0,40 0.12 0.40 0.40 _ Lane Group Capacity 268 353 408 348 413 217 217 760 646 1 We Ratio 0,71 0.29 0,27 0,77 1 0,41 0,77 1 0.59 0.91 0,30 s 1 Flow Ratio 0.08 0.06 10.06 10.15 1005 0.31 1 0.07 10,36 10,12 Critical Lane Group Y N N I Y N I N Y I Y I N Graae=o Sum Flow Ratios 0.67 Lost Time/Cycle 20.00 Critical we Ratio 0.83 Grade- 0 Lane Group Capacity,Control Delay,and LOS Determination x e Volume and Thairin Input EB WB NB SB EB WE NB SB Lane Group k1,111 TR L TR L TR L T R LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT Adjusted Flow Rate 103 110 269 90 1091 128 686 194 Volume(vph) 180 86 80 251 127 135 83 609 236 85 692 215 1413 %Heavy Von 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lane Group Capacity 353 408 348 217 217 760 646 PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 .90 0.90 We Ratio 0.29 0.27 0.77 0.41 0.77 0.59 0.91 0.30 Actuated(PIA) A A A A A A A A A A A A Green Ratio 0.20 -0.33 0.20 0.12 0.40 0.12 0.40 0.40 Startup Lost Time 20 Z.0 2.0 2.0 2,0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Uniform Delay d, 4,0 24.0 379 40.7 26.0 41.7 28.2 205 Extension of Effective Green 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Delay Factor k 0.27 0.11 0.11 10.32 1 .11 0.32 0,18 O.43 0.11 Arrival Type 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 Incremental Delay dz 8.2 0.5 0.4 10.3 7.3 2.7 4.2 14.4 0.3 PF Factor 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Unit Extension 3.0 3.0 3,0 3,0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 IS Control Delay 34.4 34.4 24.4 148.2 420 28.8 45.9 42,6 207 Ped/Bike/RTOR Volume 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lane Group LOS C C C I D D C D D C Lane Width 120 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Approach Delay 34.4 41.3 29.8 38.8 Parking(Y or N) N N N N N N N N Approach LOS C D C D Parking/Hour Intersection Delay 35.0 Intersectlon LOS G Bus Stops/Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pedestrian Timing 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 copyrlgnt®loos ue�varsiry or rionaa,an enema naserrea xcs.TM vars�oe 5,21 cenerarea:11a�200] a.:aa aM ExcLLeft EW Perm 03 04 Fed.Left Thou&RT 07 OS Timing - G=ZO G=24.0 G=0.0 G= G=13.0 G=36.0 G=0.0 G= Y=5 Y=5 Y=0 Y= Y=5 Y=5 Y=0 Y= Duration of Anal is(hrs=0.25 C cle Len th C= 100.0 VOLUME ADJUSTMENT AND SATURATION FLOW RATE WORKSHEET CAPACITY AND LOS WORKSHEET General Information General Information Project Description Kuakini Hwy Widening-Hoalatai/Kuakrnf-PM Peak-2020-Unwiden Project Description Kuakini Hwy Widening-Huatetai!Kuakini-PM Peak-2020-Unwiden Volume Adjustment Capacity Analysis EB WB NB SB EB WB NB SB LT TH RT I LT TH RT LT I TH RT LT TH RT Lane Group L TR L TR L TR L T R Volume 180 86 80 251 127 135 83 609 236 85 692 215 Adjusted Flow Rate 200 185 279 291 92 939 94 769 239 Satfiow Rate 1805 1763 1805 1753 1805 3466 1805 1900 1615 PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 Lost Time 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2,0 2.0 2.0 20 2.0 Adjusted Flow Rate 200 96 89 279 141 150 92 677 262 94 769 239 Green Ratio 0.36 0.24 036 0.24 0.13 0.36 0.13 0.36 0.36 Lane Group L TR L TR L TR L T R Lane Group Capacity 285 423 373 421 235 1248 235 684 581 Adjusted Flow Rate 200 185 279 291 92 939 1 94 769 239 vtc Ratio 0.70 0.4 1 0.75 0.69 0.39 0.75 040 1A2 0.41 Flow Ratio 0.07 0.10 0.07 0.17 0.05 0.27 0.05 0.40 111 Proportion of LT or RT 1,000 - 0.481 1.000 - 0.515 1.000 - 0.279 1.000 -- 1.000 Critical Lane Group Y N N N N N Y I Y I N Saturation Flow Rate Sum Flow Ratios 0.71 Base Satnow 1900 1900 1900 19,10 1901, 1900 1900 1900 1-0 Lost TimelCycle 15.00 Number of Lanes 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 Critical We Ratio 0.33 f 1.000 1.000 t900 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Lane Group Capacity,Control Delay,and LOS Determination w EB WB NB SB fHv 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Lane Group L TR L TR L TR L T R 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 L000 Adjusted Flow Rate 200 185 279 291 92 939 94 769 239 f9 Lane Group Capacity 285 423 373 421 235 1248 235 684 581 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 L000 1.000 fa vtc Ratio 0.70 0.44 0.75 0.69 0.39 0.75 0.40 1A2 0.41 fbb 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Gwen Ratio 0.36 024 0.36 0.24 0.13 036 013 0.36 0.36 1.000 1.000 1.000 ?.000 7.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Uniform Delay d1 29.4 32.3 30.5 34.6 39.9 28.1 39.9 32.0 24.0 fa Delay Factor 0.27 O.t1 0.30 0.26 0.11 0.31 0.11 0.50 0.11 w 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.952 1.000 1.000 1.000 incremental Delay di 7.5 0.7 8A 4.8 1A 2.6 1.1 73.9 0.5 PF Fodor 1.000 1.000 ?.OQO 1.000 1.000 1.000 1900 1.000 1.000 0.950 1.000 0.950 1.000 0.950 1.000 0.950 2000 fir -- - - Control Delay 37.0 33.0 38.6 39.4 41.0 30.7 41.0 105.9 24.5 Secondary fir 0.288 0.288 0.448 0A48 Lane Group LOS D C D D D C D F C Approach Delay 351 39.0 31.6 82.7 far - 0.928 _ 0.923 0958 1.000 0850 Approach LOS fUb D D C F 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Intersection Delay 51.7 Intersection LOS D feab - -_- _ - 1.009 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Copyrlgb(01..,UnNersl!y of 11r,da.All Frohfa Reserved HCS+TM-A,621 6eneratetl:9/WIWI -pM Adjusted Satflow 1805 1763 1805 1753 1805 3466 1805 1900 1615 Secondary Adjusted Satflow 547 507 - 352 786 - - -- FULL REPORT General Information I Site Information nalyst PB Intersection Walua Rd/Onioni SUKuakini VOLUME ADJUSTMENT AND SATURATION FLOW RATE WORKSHEET A Agency or D Hwy Date Perform PBC2rmed 1f3/2007 Area Type All otherareas General Information Time Period AM Peak Jurisdiction Hawaii Project Description Kuakini Hwy-WaluaiOnioniXuakini AM-2020-1owide w1LT bays Analysis Year 2020 nowide w/LTbays Intersection Geometry Volume Adjustment craaa= o I° EB WB NB SB 7 LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT t� c,aea= o Volume 177 10 89 13 15 68 110 761 17 32 522 140 PHF 0.90 0.90 0,90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 p }� Adjusted Flow Rate 197 11 99 14 17 76 122 846 19 36 580 156 Lane Group LT R LT R L TR L T R 1 ° Adjusted Flow Rate 208 1 99 I 31 76 122 865 36 580 156 Proportion of LT or RT 0.947 1 - 1.000 0.452 1 - 1.000 1.000 - 0.022 1.000 -- 1.000 oo,,-° Saturation Flow Rate 4� Base Satflow 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1100 r Graae= 0 Number of Lanes 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 Volume and Timing Input fw EB WE NB SB 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1,000 1.000 1,000 LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT fnV Volume(vph) 177 10 89 13 15 68 110 761 17 32 522 140 f 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 %Heavy Veh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ° PHF 0.90 .90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 .90 0.90 0.90 .90 0.90 0.90 fP 7.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1-000 1.000 1.000 Actuated(P/A) A A A A A A A A A A A A f 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 t000 00 Startup Lost Time 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.000 1.000 1-000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Extension of Effective Green 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 fa Am-I Type 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 feu 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Unit Extension 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 0.955 .757 0.950 1.000 0.950 1.000 Ped/Bike/RTOR Volume 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 fir -Secondary f 0.618 Lane Width 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12A 120 12.0 120 t2.0 rY�r - - - -- Parking(Y or N) N N N N N N N N 1,000 0.650 1,000 .850 0.997 _ 1.000 0.850 fqr _ -- - Parking/Hour 1,000 _ 1,000 _ 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 __ Bus Stops/Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 foi° Pedestrian Timing 3.2 3.2 3.2 32 fxP. __ 1.000 1.000 _ 1,000 1-000 1-000 - 1.000 1.000 EB Only EW Perm G 03 04 Excl.Left Thru&IT 07 08 1814 1615 1436 1615 1805 1894 1305 1900 1615 Timing G=13.0 G=7.0 = G= G= 19.0 G=40.0 G= G= PAdjusted SatFlow Y=0 Y=5 Y= Y= Y=5 Y=5 1Y= Y= Secondary Adjusted Satflow 1773 -- - -- Duration of Anal sis hrs=0.25 I I Cycle Length C= 100.0 FULL REPORT General Information Site Information CAPACITY AND LOS WORKSHEET Analyst .1w Intersection watua Rd10n10n1 St,9Cuaklni Agency or Co. PBQD Hwy Genera)Information Date Performed 11312007 Area Type All otherareas Time Period PM Peak Jurisdiction Hawaii Project Description Kuaktni Hwy-WaluatOnionilKuakin!AM-2020-nowide wlLTbays Analysis Year 2020 nowide w2Tbays Capacity Analysis Intersection Geometry EB WB NB SB Gratle=a Lane Group LT R LT R L TR L I T R Adjusted Flow Rate 208 99 31 76 122 865 36 580 156 YYY G.- o Saffim Rate 18f4 1615 1438 1615 1805 1894 1805 1900 1615 Lost Time 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Green Ratio 0.26 050 0.07 0.31 0.19 0.40 0.19 0.40 0.40 0 ° Lane Group Capacity 395 808 101 501 343 758 343 760 646 We Ratio 10.53 0.12 0.31 0.15 0.36 1.14 1 10.10 0.76 0.24 Flow Ratio 10.11 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.46 0.02 0.31 0.70 o Critical Lane Group Y N Y N Y Y N I N N craan=o Sum Flow Ratios 0.66 Lost Time/Cycle 20.00 Critical vlc Ratio 0.83 ( crane= o Lane Group Capacity,Control Delay,and LOS Determination EB WB NB SB Volume and Timing Input Lane Group LT R LT R L TR L T R EB WB NB SB LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT Adjusted Flow Rate 208 99 31 76 122 865 36 580 156 Volume(vph) 153 15 152 20 5 56 186 607 30 18 681 241 Lane Group Capacity 395 808 101 501 343 758 343 760 646 °!o Heavy Von 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 vlc Ratio 0.53 0.12 0.31 0.15 0.36 1.14 0.10 0.76 0.24 PHF ago 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 ago 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 .90 0.90 Green Ratio 0.26 0.50 0.07 0.3t 0.19 0.40 0.19 0.40 0.40 Uniform Delay dt 31.7 73.3 44.2 25.0 35.2 30.0 33.5 25.9 19.9 Actuated(PIA) A A A A A A A A A A A A Delay Factor k 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.50 0.11 0.32 0.11 Startup Lost Time 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Incremental Delay d2 1.3 0.1 1.7 0.1 0.6 79.0 0A 4.6 0.2 Extension of Effective Green 2.0 20 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 PF Factor 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Arrival Type 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Control Delay 33.0 f3.4 45.9 25.1 358 109.0 33.6 30.5 20.1 Unit Extension 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Lane Group LOS C B D C D F C I C I C Ped/BikefRTOR Volume 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Approach Delay 26.7 31.1 99,9 23.6 Lane Width 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 f2.0 12.0 Approach LOS C C F C Parking(Y or N) N N N N N N N N Intersection Delay 60.8 Intersection LOS E parkinglHour G05}TiGht®20G5 Univetvty Of FIOv,All R dMe Reserved HC Ta Version 52i Generatatl'.tl&2GeT dA5 PM Bus StopslHour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pedestrian Timing 3.2 3.2 a2 a2 EB Only EN Perm 03 04 Excl.Left Thru&RT 07 68 Timing G=19.0 G= 16.0 G= G= G=20.0 G=30.0 G= G= Y=0 Y=5 FY= Y=5 Y=5 Y= Y= Duration of Anaysis hrs)=0.25 cle Len th C= 100.0 VOLUME ADJUSTMENT AND SATURATION FLOW RATE WORKSHEET CAPACITY AND LOS WORKSHEET General Information General Information Project Description Kaakini Nwy-WatualOnio,!Kuakini-PM-nowidewILTbays Project Description Kuakini Nwy-WatualCnioniJKuakini-PM-nowide w27bays Volume Adjustment Capacity Analysis EB WB NB SB EB WB I NB SB LT TH RT I LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT Lane Group LT R LT R L TR L T R Volume 153 15 152 20 5 56 186 607 30 18 681 241 Adjusted Flow Rate 187 169 28 62 207 707 20 757 268 Saffiow Rate 1817 1615 1390 1615 1806 1887 1805 1900 1615 PHF 0.90 .90 0.90 .90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 .90 0.90 0.90 0.90 Lost Time 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Adjusted Flow Rate 170 17 169 22 6 62 207 674 33 20 757 268 Green Ratio 0.35 0.35 0.16 0.16 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.30 Lane Group LT R LT R L TR L T R Lane Group Capacity 525 565 222 258 361 566 361 570 485 v1c Ratio 0.36 0.30 0.13 0.24 0.57 1.25 0.06 1.33 0.55 Adjusted Flaw Rate 187 169 28 62 207 707 20 757 268 Flow Ratio 0.10 0.10 1002 0.04 10.11 037 0. 11 0.40 0.17 Proportion of LT or RT 0.909 1 - 1.000 0.786 - 1.000 1.000 -- 1.7 1.000 -- 1,000 1 Critical Lane Group Y N N I Y I Y N N Y N Saturation Flow Rate Sum Flow Ratios 0.65 Base Same, 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 Lost TimelCycle 20.00 Number of Lanes 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 Critical vfc Ratio 0.82 1,000 1.000 V000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 lMo Lane Group Capacity,Control Delay,and LOS Determination fw EB WB NB SB 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 Lane Group LT R LT R L TR L T R V Adjusted Flow Rate 187 169 28 62 207 707 20 757 268 fg 2000 1.000 1MO 1.000 1.000 1.000 2000 1,000 1,000 Lane Group Capacity 525 565 222 258 261 566 361 570 485 f 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 - vfc Ratio 0.36 0.30 0.13 0.24 0.57 125 0.06 1.33 0.55 p Green Ratio 0.35 0.35 0,16 0.16 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.30 1.000 1.000 Z000 1.000 1.000 1.000 7.000 7.000 1.000 Uniform Delay d1 4.1 23.6 36.0 36.7 36.1 35.0 32.4 35.0 29.4 fa 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Delay Factor k 0.11 0,11 0,11 0,11 0.17 0.50 0.11 0.50 0.15 Incremental Delay di 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 22 126.3 0.1 159.5 1.4 ?.000 }.000 ?.QOQ ?.000 ?.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 feu PF Factor 1.000 t.000 1.000 £.000 1.000 1.000 f.000 1.000 1.000 f-T0.957 _ .732 _ 0.950 1.000 _ 0.950 1.000 Control Delay 24.6 23.9 36.3 37.2 38.4 161.3 32.4 194.5 30.7 Se Lane Group LOS Egg D D D F C F C Secondary f�T 0.679 -- _ - Approach Delay 24.2 36.9 133.4 149.4 _ 1.000 0.850 _ 1.000 .850 _ 0.913 _ 1.000 0,650 Approach LOS C D F F fRT Intersection Delay 120.E Intersection LOS F fib 1.000 1.000 1A00 _- 1.000 f000 1.000 1.000 _ _ Copydgtllp2005 Univaevty of Flodtla,Ali Rlgbts Reserved HCS+TM Version 52t Geneatetl:ll&2001 445 PM fRpb t _ _600 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.oQQ __ 1.000 1.000 _ Adjusted Satilow 1817 1615 1390 1615 1805 1887 1805 1900 1615 Secondary Adjusted Settle, 1291 - - - FULL REPORT General Information Site Information Analyst JW Intersection AN HighwayyKuakini Highway VOLUME ADJUSTMENT AND SATURATION FLOW RATE WORKSHEET Agency or Co. PBQD Area Type All other areas General Information Date Performed 11312007 Jurisdiction Hawaii County Time Period AM Peak Analysis Year 2020(unwidsned) Project Description Kuakinr Hwy Widening-Atli Hwy1Kuakirrr-AM Peak-2020 Intersection Geometry Volume Adjustment creae= a ' ES WB NB SB LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT 'k c�ade= o Volume 389 635 89 87 425 15 105 464 63 15 326 258 PHF 0.90 0.90 0,90 0.90 0.90 0,90 0.90 0.90 0,90 0.90 0.90 ago r 1 Adjusted Flow Rate 432 706 99 97 472 17 117 538 92 17 362 287 Lane Group L F R t F R L T R L T R + r Adjusted Flow Rate 432 706 99 97 472 17 117 538 92 17 362 287 Proportion of LT or RT 1.000 -- 1.000 1A00 -- 1.000 1.000 1 - 1.000 1.000 - 1,000 G-=a Saturation Flow Rate } r* Base Sat low 1900 1900 1900 1-100 1100 1100 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 f oraaa= o Number of Lanes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 j 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.0017 1.000 1.000 Volume and Timin In ut fw EB WB NB SB 7.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT fHV Volume(vph) 389 635 89 87 425 15 105 434 83 15 326 256 f 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1A00 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 %Heavy Vert 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 e PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 .90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 fa 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 7.000 1.000 1.000 7.000 Actuated(P1A) A A A A A A A A A A A A f 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 b Startup Lost Time 2.0 2.0 20 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.000 1,000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.0 00 a Extension of Effective Green 2.0 20 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Arrival Type 3 3 L12.O 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 f,.u 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1A00 1.000 2000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Unit Extension 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 qu- a950 1,000 a950 1.000 0.950 1.000 0.950 1.000 fLr Ped(BiketRTOR Volume 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lane Width 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Secondary I, - - -- - Parking(Y or N) N N N N f - 1.000 0.850 1.000 0,850 1.000 0,850 _ 1.000 0.850 ar Parking/Hour 1.000 1,000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 Bus Sh pslHour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 fLpb Pedestrian Timing 3.2 3.2 3.2 laab _ f,ODO 7A00 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 7.000 Ekd.Left Thru&RT 03 04 Exd.Left Thru&RT i 07 1 08 1805 Adjusted SatBattle, i900 1615 1805 1900 1615 1805 1900 1615 1805 7900 1615 Timing G= 1 6.0 G=20.0 G= G= G=14.0 G=30.0 G= G= Y=5 Y=5 Y= Y= Y=5 Y=5 Y= Y= Secondary Adjusted Said- -- - - - DuraGon of Analysis hrs=0.25 G cIe Len th C= 100.0 FULL REPORT General Information Site IMormation CAPACITY AND LOS WORKSHEET Analyst JW Intersection Ali'HighwayKuakint Highway General Information Agency to Perforrmed lIV2007 or Go. PBQD Area Type HalarAll erareay Time Period PM Peak Jurisdiction Hawaii County Project Description Kuakini Hwy Wldertirtg-Atli Hwy/Kuaktnl-AM Peak-2020 Analysis Year 2020(,,widened) Capacity Analysis Intersection Geomet EB WB NB SB Gratle=D r i Lane Group L T R L T R L T R L T R Adjusted Flow Rate 432 706 99 97 472 17 117 538 92 17 362 287 SatFlow Rate 1805 1900 1615 1805 1900 1615 1805 1900 1615 1805 1900 1615 Lost Time 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 20 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 R Green Ratio 0.16 0.20 0.39 0.76 0.20 0.39 0.14 0.30 0.51 0.14 0.30 0.51 � �- Lane Group Capacity 289 380 630 289 380 630 253 570 824 253 570 824 W.Ratio 1.49 11.86 0.16 0.34 11 24 0.03 0.46 0.94 0.11 0.07 0.64 0.35 Flow Ratio 0.24 0.37 0.06 ," 0.25 0.61 0.06 0.28 0.06 001 OA9 0A8 Critical Lane Group Y I Y N I N I N I N I Y I Y I N I N I N I N Sum Flow Ratios Q 98 Gratle=D Lost Time/Cycle 20.00 Critical v/c Ratio 1.20 G-tl D Lane Group Capacity,Control Delay,and LOS Determination EB WB NB SB Volume and Timing Input Lane Group L T k13 L T R L T R L T R EB WB NB SB LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT Adjusted Flow Rate 432 706 97 472 17 117 538 92 17 362 287 Volume(vph) 305 645 208 166 670 15 210 503 151 15 516 322 Lane Group Capacity 289 380 289 380 630 253 570 824 253 570 824 °lo Heavy Van 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 vie Ratio 1.49 L86 0.34 1.24 0.03 0.46 0.94 0.11 0.07 0.64 0.35Green Ratio 0.16 0.20 0.16 0-20 0.39 0.14 0.30 0.51 0.14 0.30 0.51 PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 .90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 .90 0.90 0.90 Uniform Delay d, 42.0 0.0 37.3 40.0 18.8 9.5 34.2 12.7 37.3 303 14.6 Actuated(P/A) A A A A A A A A A A A A Delay Factor k 0.50 0.50 0.11 0.50 10.11 0.11 0.46 1,11 0 XOO Startup Lost Time 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 20 2.0 Incremental Delay d2 M349X 0.7 129.4 0A 1.3 24.6 0.7 0Extension of Effective Green 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 PF Factor 1.000 1.000 1.000 1000 1.000 1.000 1. Arrival Type 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Control Delay 38.0 169.4 18.8 40.9 58.7 12.8 3Unit Extension 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Lane Group LOS D F 8 D E 8 Ped/Bike/RTOR Volume 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Approach Delay 143.3 50.3 25.7 Lane Width 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Approach LOS F D C Parking(Y or N) N N NN N N N N Intersection Delay 176.t Intersection LOB F Parking/Hour CopydgFf®2005 Unlverelfy MFlodde.Ali ea".Reservetl HCS+Te Ve,alon 521 Gsnereted'ti&200Z a.PM Bus Stops/Hour 0 0 0 0 or D 0 0 0 D D 6 Pedestrian Timing 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 Excl.Left I Thru&RT 03 04 Excl.Left Tnru&RT 07 08 Timing G= 13.D G=21.0 G= G= G=16.0 G=3110 G= G= Y=5 IY=5 IY= ly= JY=5 JY=5 IY= Y= Duration of Anal sIs his=0.25 Cycle Length C= 100.0 VOLUME ADJUSTMENT AND SATURATION FLOW RATE WORKSHEET CAPACITY AND LOS WORKSHEET General Information General Information Project Description Kisakin!Hwy Widening-AN Hwylf(uakini-PM Peak-2020 Project Description 1i Hwy Widening-AN HwylKuakini-PM Peak-2020 Volume Adjustment ustroont EB I WB NB se Capacity Analysis EB WB NB SB LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT Lane Group L T R L T R L T R L T R Volume 305 645 208 166 670 15 210 503 151 15 516 322 Adjusted Flow Rate 339 717 231 184 744 17 233 559 168 17 573 358 0.90 0 0 Settle.Rate 1805 1900 1615 1805 1900 1615 1805 1900 1615 1805 7900 16T5 PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.30 0.90 0.90 ,90 0.90 0.90 .90 - Lost Time 2.0 ZO 2,0 2,0 2.0 2.0 2,0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Adjusted Flow Rate 339 717 231 184 744 17 233 559 168 17 573 358 Green Ratio 0.13 0.21 OA2 0-13 0.21 0.42 0.16 0.30 0.43 0,16 0,30 0.48 Lane Group L T R L T R L T R L T R Lane Group Capacity 235 399 678 235 399 678 289 570 775 289 570 775 Wo Ratio 1.44 11,80 10.L4 1±6 111.03 r.Ll 1�-1 1�'2 10.01 11,11 17 573 358 �! L 10.46 Adjusted Flow Rate 1139 1711 1231 1164 1-4 1 17 1233 1159 11- 1 01 Proportion of LT or RT 11.000 1 - 1 1,000 11.000 1 - Irood, 11.000 1 - 11.000 1 7.�000 - 000 Flow Ratio 0.19 0.38 4 1�1'� 0.29 N o I Critical Lane Group Y I N I N N I Y N I Y N Saturation Flow Rate Sum Flow Ratios 1.01 Base Safflow 1900 1900 1900 119 00 1900 1900 1100 1-0 1900 11901, "ID 1901, Lost Trne/Cyde 20.00 Number of Lames 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Critical vie Ratio 1,26 1 Lane Group Capacity,Control Delay,and LOS Determination 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 11.000 1-000 1.000 EB I WB I NB SB 1.000 1,000 1.000 1,000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 11.000 1-000 1,000 Lane Group L T R L _ T R I L T R L T R - Adjusted Flow Rate 339 717 231 184 744 17 233 559 166 17 573 358 fa 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 IMO t000 Lane Group Capacity 235 399 678 235 399 678 239 570 775 289 570 775 f,, 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 IMO 1,000 W.Ratio 1.44 1.80 0.34 0-78 IM 0.03 0.810.98 0,22 0.06 1.01 0.46 Green Ratio 0.13 0.21 042 0.13 (L21 0.42 0.16 0.30 0,48 0.16 0,30 0,48 fbb 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 IMO 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 IMO 1.000 1.000 Uniform Delay d, 43.5 39,5 19.6 421 39�5 17.0 40,5 34.7 15.1 35.6 35,0 174 fa 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Delay Factor k 0.50 10.50 10.11 0.33 0.50 0.11 0.35 0.48 0.11 all 0,50 0.11 I I Incremental Delay of 221.6 368.5 (r3 15,7 398.6 0,0 154 32.7 1 0.1 0.1 139.0 1 0.4 fur 1,000 1.000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1.000 1,000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 *PF Factor 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 11.000 11.000 1.000 11,000 11,000 1.000 11.000 11.000 T 744 k3 5 0_2, "q 5 0 21 6 3611-1 0 3 1 0, u", 265�1 4080 0,950 1.000 0,950 1,000 .950 1,000 0.950 1.000 Control Delay 199 57,9 1438.1 117.0 55.9 167.4 115.2 35.7 174.0 117.8 f-T Lane Group LOS F F a E I F I B E I E I B Secondary fLT Approach Delay 300.7 3565 55.5 52.1 fw - 1.000 0.850 1.000 0.850 - 1.000 0.850 - 1.000 0.850 Approach LOS F F E D rtoe.h.r Delay 199,7 Intersection LOS F 1.000 1,000 1,000 1�000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1�000 C,pyight 0 2005 W-iry V Fl,dd,,41 Rights Reserved HCS-TV Version 521 G-.-11-1 4.44 PM 1,000 1.000 1�000 1.000 IMO 1.000 1,000 1,000 Adjusted Sari- 1805 1900 1615 1805 1900 1615 11805 1"-, I'd- 118 0 5 .1e0 0 .16 " Secondary Adjusted S.tfl- I I I I I - I I I - I TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY General Information Site Information General Information Site Information A..1vN k 4Z ��lvvd (oah..Jadi DIK..kii Hv 2 I V -1 Intersection 1Ka.k..I.df DyI K,.kii Hv enfi/C.. Bg ��mutintgkn await Count goncy7,. BQD n6kcficti.n H.-if Count kn'.P.f.-.d 1132007 dalys mYear F020 .a'.Performed 111312007 2120 aJS�kT!doptnad AM Peak fialysik Time Period PM Peak y Project Description Kuakini Hivy Widening-Kaakaahud1Kuq1cni-AMPk-2020 Project Delkcription Kuakini hwy Widening-KeakealaniXuaAdmi-PM Pk-2020 E-t/W..tStre.t: Keak..tniDI. 1North/South Street: Kuakini Highway E.kVWeDSt-t. Ke.ka.1-iDrive outh Street: Kuakini Highl"ay Intersection Orientation: North-South Study Period thm): 0.25 Intersection Orientation: -South it'--rind(hrs): 0.25 Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Major street Northbound Southbound Major Street Northbound 3outhbound Movement 1 2 1 3 4 1 5 1 6 Movement 1 R2 V1, 4 5 1 L T R L T R L T Ft L T R V.I...(,.h/h) 10 4L5 10 30 278 13 Jolume(veh/hd 15 347 10 35,t2 54 Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 0.90 0.90 090 0.90 Peak-Hour Factor,PHF .90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 Hourly Flow Rate,HFR if 450 11 33 303 14 Hourly Flow Rate,HFR 1=6 385 11 391 60 (,.1d(d .h/h) Percent Heavy Vehicle. 0 - -- 0 - - Percent Heavy Vehicle, 0 -- 0 Median Type Undivided Median Type Undivided RT Channelized 0 0 RT Channelized Lanes 1 1 1 J 1 1 Lanes I 9 t I.nfigumfiod L T R L T R Configuration L T R L T R U stream Si nal 0 0 Upstream Signal 0 0 Minor Street Eastbound Westbound Minor Street Eastbound W-fie.fid Movement 7 8 9 10 1 11 112 Movement 7 8 9 10 11 1 12 a L T R R L T R L =TR turn.veh/h) 22 i 25 5 1 1 1 10 Volume(veh/h) 37 5 to 40 5 16 - I T95 "T-7-90..k-Hour Factor,PHF 0.90 0W90 0r90 U0 Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 0W90 0b90 0,90 0090 90 0.90 Hourly Flow Rate,HFR Hourly Film Rate,HFR (vahih) 24 1 27 (v.hih) 41 5 11 44 5 16 Percent Heavy Vehicles 0 0 0 Percent Heavy Vaud- 0 0 0 0 0 0 Percent Grace(%) 0 0 Percent Gad.(%) 0 0 Flared Approach N N Flared Approach N N Storage 0 0 Storage 0 0 RT Channelized 0 IT Ch.-Ii-el 0 0 La- 0 1 0 1 0 Lanes 0 1 0 0 1 Configuration LTR Configuration LTR LTR LTR )elav,Queue Length.and Level of Service Maueut Length and Level of Service %ppr...h Northbound Southbound Westbound E..th..ud on Northbound Southbound W.fififi.unal Eastbound N 0 1 0 E� L'R Movement 1 4 7 a 9 10 11 12 7o7.-..nt 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 -an.Configuration L L LTR LTR -one Configuration L L LTR LTR (,chin) 11 33 17 52 1(veh/h) 16 11 65 57 (m)(veh(h) 416 398 1249 1111 C(rn)(vehlh) 1120 1180 310 308 d. 0.01 0.03 0,04 0.13 11. oxi OrOl 0.21 0.19 ?5%queue length 0,03 0.09 0.13 0.45 95%queue length 0X4 0.03 0,73 0.67 Control Delay(slveh) 7.9 8.3 14.0 15.4 Control Delay(Elveh) 8.3 8.1 19,7 19,3 LOS A A B C LOS A A C C JApproach Delay(./,eh) '7.0 15.4 Approach Delay(sAi.h) 19,7 -1 19.3 [Approach LOS 8 C Fpp..ch LOS C C Copyright®Not 11bim.,All mv,t,r...- -1-Version S.Zi OeneraRR"Woo, ".1. C,cll 0 r005 W-n,.l Florida,All R,gIld Reserved Hcsl. 11&20a1 TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY General Information Site Information General Information Site Information Jw Intersection liw t Queen Kaahumenu /G.. !PBQD uirsdiction H ncy/c.. [tBOD gene 1 ylyJKuakiniNw Intersection Hny1K,.JumHy Date Performed 111312007 1 raw. con'ry -Pa., - rvisci Ha—fi C...ty nal sis Year 12020 For NB LT) Date Perminced F2007 - alysis Year 12020 For ES LT Part 1) nalysia Time Period —J ok� I [Analysis Time Period .Pa., I Project Description Atuakini Hwy Widening-Queen Kashomana1Kuakini-AM-2020-N8L Pro jectDiescription KuakinittwyW!dening-Queen KaahumanulKuakini-AM-2020-EBLP7'1 EastrWest Street: Kuak7rnHighway Porth/S.uth Street: Queen Ka.h,.a,o Highway E.st(WestStreet: KuounikighiW othEndet: Queen KaahuomnuHighwV Intersection Orientation: North-South [Study Period(hrs): 0.25 Intersection Orientation: North South —f—riod rs): 0.25 ehirle Volumes and Adjustments ehicle Volumes and Adjustments Mamr Street N.,thb..cd Southbound Major Street Northbound Southbound Movement 1 2 1 3 4 5 6 Movement 1 2 3 4 5 6 L T R L T R L T R L T R clume(-h/h) 405 650 Tt_ 20 murne .h/h 405 5 411 20 Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 0.90 0.90 0+90 0090 0,90 0,90 Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 0+90 0+90 0.90 or90 0.90 0,90 ourly Flow Rate,HFR 450 722 0 0 456 22 Handy Flov,Rate,HFR 450 5 0 0 4"5622 h[h) (van �.rccrut Heavy Vehicles 0 - -- 0 - - Percent Heavy Vehicles 0 - - 0 - Anden Type Two Way Left Tom Lane Medina Type Two Wa Left Tom Lane RT Channelized 0 1 RT Channelized 0 anes t 1 0 0 1 1 Lanes 1 1 0 0 1 ,onfiguiration L T T R Configuration L T T R Jpstream Sig at 0 0 Upstream Signal 0 1 1 0 dindur Street Eastbound Westbound Minor Street Eastbound Westbound Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R L T R L T R Volume(voh1h) 15 Volume(vehih) 15 Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 0+90 0+90 0.90 Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 090 0.90 0.90 OM 0.90 0+90 Hourly Flow Rate,HFR 16 0 0 0 0 0 Hourly Flow Rate,HFR 16 0 0 0 0 0 (veh/h) (ve/hL Percent Heavy Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 0 Percent Heavy Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 0 Percent Grand(%) 0 0 Per Gad.1%) 0 0 Flared Approach I N N Flared Approach N N Storage 0 0 Storage 0 0 RT Chaumni.tel 1 0 RT Chami 1 0 Lanes i 0 0 0 0 0 ans 1 d 0 0 0 0 C.-fig-re..", L onfiguratko, 3.1ay,Queue Length,and Level of S.'I- Delay,Queue Lengthand Level of service \pp—sh Northbound Southbound Westbound Eastbound pprnach Northbound Southbound Westbound Eastbound Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 Movement 1 4 7 a 9 10 1 11 12 -ace Configuration L L one Configuration L L (vehm) 450 16 (veh/h) 450 16 (m)(veh/h) 1115 101 (m)(veh/h) 1115 218 do 0+40 0.16 11c 0.40 0.07 )5%queue length 1+98 0.54 5%queue length 1.98 0+24 lControl Delay(slveh) 10.4 47+2 --.nt.1 Delay(s/vah) 10+4 22,8 OS B E -OS 8 C Delaypproach (elveh) 472 Approach Delay(./,an) 22+8 E ppm.rh LOS C .1 lrhls I... HCS-"v Version 5.21 6orn.1-118121in I. C.-,.Q v.1--roly of FlortC2,X1 c,ules Fa.— HCS+TM version$Z Generated:118/2001 d'69 PM TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY General Information Site Information General Information ISite Information [AQueen Kaahumanu nalyst jnv M Queen)(1111-a- ..Iy.t pw Intersection wylKuakiniHwy HwylKua �9.noy/C.. IPBQD PQD Hawaii Count Hly IWurudiutiou JH.-#County 22� Ourisdiction u ty Date Performed 111312007 12020�For ES LT Part 7)_ Date ad 11/3/2007 &alysis Time Period j4M Peakal sis Year Period ff Peak Plyse Year 12020(For"L Project Description Kuakini Hwy Widening-Queen KaahumanuVKuakini-AM-2020-EBLPT2 Pro eolDescription Kuakini Hwy Widening-Queen Kl<ualoni-PM-2020-NB LT E.ot;W.et S KVhway South Street: Queen Kaenturenou Highway L11=1'1tS,1r11r,,Kuakini Highway lNorth/South Street: Queen Kaahumanu Highway K"'e'! _7 Intersection Street North-South W0.211"Peri.d(hou: 0.25 Intersection d noT. North-South Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Major Street Northbound Southbound major Street Northbound S..thb..nd M.-mle-A 1 2 3 4 1 5 6 Movement 1 1 2 3 4 1 5 6 L T R L T R L T R L T R V.1-(veh/h) 5 650 5 5 Volume(veh1h) 352 615 1 642 15 Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 0.90 0,90 0.90 0,90 0.90 0.90 Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.0 0.90 Hourly Flow Rate,HFR 5 !!!7V220 0 Hourly Flow Rate,HFR 391 6- 11 0 711 115 (y.h/h) 5 5 (veh/h) PereentHea Vehicles 0 0 Percent Heav Vehicles 0 0 - Median Type Two Way Left To,,Lane Median Type Two Way Left Turn Lane RT Ch.rnefl-d o 1 RT Channelized 0 .an.. I 1 0 0 i 1 -.n.e 1 1 0 I 0 I I I Configuration L T T R Configuration L T T R Jpstream Sig at 0 1 Jpstream Signal 0 0 1 Street Minor St Eastbound Westbound Winer Street Eastbound Westbound M Movement 7 8 9 10 11 12 Movement 7 1 8 9 1 10 11 12 L T R L R L T R L T R 1.1-(,.h/h) 15 Volume(veh/h) 35 Peak-Hour Fat.,,PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 6.90 0,90 0.90 Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 'o Hourly Flow Rate,HFR 38 Howdy Flow Rate,HFR 16 0 0 0 0 0 (y.h,h 0 0 0 0 'veh1h) 0 Percent Heavy Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 0 Percent Heavy Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 0 Percent G R u,d. 0 0 Percent Green(%) 0 0 Rural Approach I Rural Approach I I Storage 0 0 Storage 0 1 0 RT Channelo,ed 1 0 RT Ch.u..11-d , 0 Lanes 1 0 0 0 le o I.n. 1 1 37 0 0 Configuration L Configul.b.l, L Delay,Queue Length,and Level of Service Delay.Queue Length.and Loyal of Service Approach Northbound S-thl Westbound Eastbound App-oh Northbound Southbound Westbound Eastbound Movement 1 4 7 1 8 9 10 11 12 Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lane Configuration L L Lane Configuration L L v(,eh/h) 5 16 v(,.hlh) 391 38 C(n)(.h/h) 1630 453 - C loll(,.hlh) 896 112 V/e 0.00 0,04 wC 0.44 0.34 95%queue length 0.01 0.11 95%q..u.laugh 2.24 1,34 IC-trol Delay(a h) 72 132 Control Delay(alveh) IZI 528 ILOS A 8 LOS B F Vppmach Delay(shveh) 13.2 pproach Delay(s/v.h) 5211 8 Kpproach LOS F cl,w'nr,02005 udo,-,tl F.I.,A11 RlgiYts JR.- -TM V,,521 Ulllv1`fFl.11,,.,All Rlrr. TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY TWO-WAY STOP CONTROL SUMMARY General Information Site Information General Information Site Information nalystPw Intersection Q..-K..h,..,, One-K..h ... .a, Inle Hwy1K,kn H. W otersection HylKlakirtH lA I 1 .n ,,,C.. BQD ubsdidtjon Hawaii Count urisclofion awad County Performed 1/3/2007 Date Performed 11312007 dalysis Year 2020 tL ES LT Part 1 nalysis Year 2020(For EL T Par 2 nalysis Time Period Peak naiysis Time Period M =� Peak Project Description K-kinj Hwy Widening-Queen KIKuakini-PM-2020-EBLPTI Project Description Kukidi Hwy Widening-Queen K(Kudkint-PM-2020-EBLPT2 East/West Street: K..kitti Hi hway lNorth/South Street: Queen Kaahurhanu Hi hwa EastfWestStunu: K..1aliHighway Porth/South Street Queen Koch-Highway Intersection Orientation: North-SouthIntersection Orientation: North-South Ptudy Period(hrs): 0.25 feldcle Volumes and Adjustments ohicle Volumes and Adjustments Ma or Street Northbound Southbound alor Street Northbound Southbound Movement 1 2 3 4 5 6 oved-ent 1 2 3 4 5 1 6 L T R L T R L T R L T R 1plume(-h/h) 362 5 642 15 olurn.(,.h/h) 5 615 5 5 Peak-Hour Factor.PHF 0.90 090 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 ak-Hour Factor,PHF 0,90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0,90 4oudy Flow Rate,HFR 391 5 0 0 713 16 lourly Flow Rate,HFR 5 683 0 0 5 5 Natch) (veh/h) Percent Heav Vehicles 0 -- - 0 - - EerchrtHeawy Vehicles 0 - - 0 - Median Type T..Way Left Tom Lane Median Type Two Way Left Tom Lane RT Ch.hh.11-d 0 t RT Channelized 0 Lanes 1 1 0 0 i t L.h.e T f Configuration L Configuration :L T :� Upstream Signal 0 0 J Upstream Signal Minor Street Eastbound Westbound Minor Street Eastbound Westbound Movement 7 a 9 10 11 12 Movement 7 1 8 9 10 11 12 L T R L T R L T R L T R Volume(veh(h) 35 Volume(-h(h) 35 Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 Peak-Hour Factor,PHF 0,90 0.90 0.90 0.90 .90 Hourly Flow Hot.,HFR 0 0 0 Hourly Flow Rate,HFR 38 (vehib) 0 (v.1h) 38 0 0 0 0 Percent Heavy Vehicles 0 0 1 1 � 0 Percent Heavy Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Foment Grad (%) 0 0 Percent Grade 0 0 Flared Approach N N Rated Approach N Storage 0 0 Storage 0 RT Channelized 1 0 RT Channelized 1 0 57 0 0 Lanes 1 0 0 0 0 00 Configuration L -figdoction L Delay.Queue Length,and Level of Service Delay,Queue Length and Level of Service p..on Northbound Southbound Wdeb.cad Eastbound Approach Northbound Southbound Westbound Eastbound M.,erd.ht 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 Movement 1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lan.Configuration L L Lane Configuration L L (velvh) 391 38 v(yeh/h) 5 38 C(m)(v.h1h) $96 223 C(m)(vhlh) 1630 471 Ic 0,44 0.17 v/d 0.00 0,08 96%queue length 2,24 0.60 95%queue length 0.01 0.26 JCortrol Delay(s/veh) 12.1 24.4 E-ontrol Delay(s/veh) 72 133 JLOS B C OS A 8 (,/,on) 24. Apor-h Delay(w-h) 133 V'2117.Oc Eppood.1 LOS 01p,ght®2--1,11ty of Florida,All Rdul,Reserved d--1- 65o 1M dIpy,ght Q 2005 Ul,w,-Y If N-1,All Rights Res AI HCSITM V.-5,21 Gl--nd 1-7 45DPM FULL REPORT General Information Site Information VOLUME ADJUSTMENT AND SATURATION FLOW RATE WORKSHEET Analyst JW Intersecfion Hmllalpi R..dlKuakini Agency orCo. PBQD Highway Date Performed 11312007 Area Type All other areas General Information Time Period AM Peak Jurisdiction Hawaii Courtly Project Description Kuakini Hwy Widening-HuslateiXuakin!AM Peak-2020-2SSthru Analysis Y... 2020(2 SB thrus-Widened) Intersection Geometry Volume Adjustment EB WB NB Ss LT I TH I RT LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT Volume 170 49 44 99 107 135 81 829 153 115 619 175 PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0,90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 Adjusted Flow Ratio, 189 54 49 110 119 150 90 921 170 128 688 194 Lane Group L TR L TR L TR L TR o Adjusted Flow Rate 139 103 E269 90 1"0" 1 1128 882 Proportion of LT or RT 11.000 I -- 1P476 11.000 I -- 10.558 1.000 1 -- 10.156 11.000 0.220 Saturation Flow Rate Base Safflow 1900 1900 1900 1900 1 90 1901, 190 1900 90 190 1 1 G- 0 Number of Lanes I 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 g Input 1 2 0 T000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Volume and Timin fW EB WB NB SB 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 LT I TH RT I LT TH I RT LT I TH RT LT TH I ITT fHV Volume(vph) 170 49 44 199 107 135 61 1829 153 115 619 1175 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 %Heavy Von - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 t000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1000 1.000 1-000 PHF 0,90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0,90 0,90 10.90 1P I Actuated(PIA) A A A A A A A A A A A A fbb 1.000 1.000 1.000 1 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Startup Lost Time _2.0 2.0 ZO 2,0 zo 2,0 2.0 ZO 1.000 1.070-- T000 T000 Extension of Effective Green 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2,0 2.0 2.0 20 f. 11000 1.0111, 1.000 1.1110 Arrival Type 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 3 feu 1,000 1.000 1 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.952 1.000 0.952 Unit Extension 3.0 3.0 0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3r0 3.0 3,0 fir 0,950 1.000 - 0,950 1,000 0.950 1.000 .950 1.000 0 P.d/BikbIRTOR Volume 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lane Width 12.0 12.0 12.0 12,0 1j.0 112.0 12,0 12.0 Secondary f, 0.260 10.260 _ 0.556 0.556 Parking(Y or N) N N N N N N N q 0.929 0.916 9.977 0-967 Parking/Hour 1.000 1�000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Bus Stops/Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 fLo, -- 1 Pedestrian Timing 3,2 3,2 3.2 3.2 fRpb - 1.000 - 1.00 - 1.000 -- 1.000 I Ex.L Left EW Perm I 75AE-1.�Loft Th,u&RT 07 1 08 Adjusted Safflow IY 1805 1764 1805 741 1805 3533 1805 3498 Timing I G=8.0 G-20.0 1 G=0.0 JG- G=12.0 G=40,0 G 2=0.0 1 IY=5 F 1=5 0 IY= IY=5 1Y=5 IY=0 Secondary Adjusted S.tflow 494 459 1057 11 Duration of Analysis(hrs)=0.25 cle Len th C= 100 FULL REPORT General Information I Site Information CAPACITY AND LOS WORKSHEET Analyst JW Intersection Hualalai Road1Kuak1ni Agency or Co. PBQD Highway General Information Date Performed 11312007 Area Type All other areas Time Period PM Peak Jurisdiction Hawaii County Project Description Kuaidnl Hwy Wlden7ng-HualalaitKuakint-AM Peak-2020-2S8fhm Analysis Year 2020(2 SB thrus-SMdened) Capacity Analysis Intersection Geomet EB WEBe Grade= 0 n 2 7 Lane Group L 7R L TR L TRR L TR Adjusted Flow Rate 189 103 110 269 90 1091 128 882 Grad.= o Satflaw Rate 1805 1764 1805 1741 1805 3533 1805 3498 Lost Time 2.0 2.0 2.0 2,0 20 2.0 2.0 2.0 o Green Ratio 0.33 0.20 0.33 0.20 0.72 0-40 0.72 0.40 Lane Group Capacity 268 353 408 348 217 1413 217 1399 W.Ratio 0.71 .29 0.27 0,77 0,41 0.77 0.59 0,63 c r Flow Ratio 0,08 .06 .- 0.15 0,05 0.31 0.07 0.25 Critical Lane Group Y N N Y N Y Y N trade=o Sum Flow Ratios 0.61 Lost Time/Cycle 20.00 Critical W.Ratio 0.77 Grade= o Lane Group Capacity,Control Delay,and LOS Determination 1 2 c Volume and Timing Input EB WE NB SB EB WB NB SB Lane Group L TR L TR L TR L TR LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT Adjusted Flow Rate 189 103 110 269 90 1091 128 882 Volume(vph) 180 86 80 251 127 135 83 609 236 85 692 215 Lane Group Capacity 268 353 408 348 217 1413 217 7399 Heavy Von 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PHF 0.90 0.90 030 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 W.Ratio 0,71 .29 0.27 0.77 0.41 0.77 0.59 0.63 Actuated(PIA) A A A A A A A A A A A A Green Ratio 0.33 .20 0,33 0.20 0.12 0.40 0.12 0.40 Startup Lost Time 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Uniform Delay d, 26.3 4.0 24,0 37.9 40.7 26.0 41.7 24.1 Extension of Effective Green 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2,0 2,0 2.0 Delay Factor 0,27 0.11 0,11 0.32 0,11 0.32 0.18 0.21 Arrival Type 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Incremental Delay d2 8.2 0,5 0.4 10.3 L3 2. 4.2 0.9 PF Factor 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 2J� 1.000 1.000 Unit Extension 3.0 30 3.0 30 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Control Delay 34.4 34.4 24.4 48.2 42.0 45.9 25.0 Ped/Bike/RTOR Volume 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LN 0 0 0 Lane Group LOS CCD D C Lane Width 12.0 12,0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.012.0 12.0 Approach Delay 34,4 41.3 29.8 27.6 Parking(Y or N) N N N N N N N Approach LOS C D C C ParkinglHour Intrsection LOS C Bus Stops/Hour 0 0 000 0 Pedestrian Timing 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 co erle Zoos um .1,of 11-o N1 wQna ea:.n.a ecs+TM V,,,u set 11v2007 ass IP Excl.Left EW Perm 1 03 04 Excl,Left Thru&RT 1 07 08 Timing G=7.0 1 G=24.0 G=0.0 G= G= 13.0 1 G=36-0 1 G=0.0 JG= Y=5 Y=5 Y=0 Y= Y=5 Y=5 Y=0 Y= Duration of Anal sis(hrs)=0.25 C cle Len th C= 700.0 VOLUME ADJUSTMENT AND SATURATION FLOW RATE WORKSHEET CAPACITY AND LOS WORKSHEET General Information General Information Project Description Kuakini Hwy Widening-HuatoleiXuakini-PM Peak-2020-2SSthru Project Description Kuakini Hwy Widening-HuatatailKuaktni-PM Peak-2020-2SSthru Volume Adjustment Capacity Analysis EB WB NB SB � EB WB NB SB LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT Lane Group L TR L TR L TR L TR Volume 180 86 80 251 127 135 83 609 236 85 692 215 Adjusted Flow Rate 200 165 279 291 92 939 94 1003 PHF .90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0,90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 Sattlow Rate 1605 1763 1805 1753 1805 3466 1805 3489 Adjusted Flow Rate 200 96 89 279 141 150 92 677 262 94 769 239 Lost Time 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 20 2.0 2.0 2.0 Green Ratio 0,36 0,24 0.36 0.24 0.13 0.36 0.13 0.36 Lane Group L TR L TR L TR L TR Lane Group Capacity 285 423 373 421 L1248 235 1256 Adjusted Flow Rate 200 185 279 291 92 939 34 1008 W.Ratio 0.70 0.44 0.75 0.69 0.75 0.40 0.60 Proportion of LT or RT 1.000 - 0.481 1.000 - 0.515 1.000 -- 0.279 1C00 - 0.237 Flow Ratio 0.07 0.10 0.07 0.17 0.27 0.05 0.29 Saturation Flow Rate Critical Lane Group N N Y N N Y Y Base Saiflow 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1800 1900 1900 Sum Flow Ratios 0,59 Lost Time/Cycle 15.00 Number of Lanes 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 Criical v1c Ratio 0.69 1 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1,000 Lane Group Capacity,Control Delay,and LOS Determination N 1000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 EB WB NB SB fev Lane Group L TR t TR L TR L TR f 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Adjusted Flow Rate 200 185 279 291 92 939 94 1008 9 f 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Lane Group Capacity 285 423 373 421 235 1248 235 1256 p 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 vin Ratio .70 a4-4 0.75 0,69 0.39 0.75 0.40 0.80 fda Green Ratio 0.36 0.24 0.36 0.24 0.13 0.36 0.13 0.36 fa 1A00 1.000 1.000 1.000 1 1.060 1.000 1 1.000 1.000 1 Uniform Delay d, 9.4 32.3 130.5 34.6 39.9 28.1 39.9 28-8 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 .952 1.000 0.952 Delay Factork .27 O.N 0.30 0,26 0.11 0.31 0.11 0.35 feu Incremental Delay d2 7.5 0.7 8.1 4.8 t1 2.6 1.1 3.9 .950 1.000 .950 1.000 0.950 1.000 0.950 1.000 PF Factor 1,000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 r _ _ _ .288 0.288 .448 0.448 Control Delay 37.0 33.0 11.6 39.4 41.0 30.7 41.0 32.7 Secondary fir - Lane Group LOS D C D D D C D C f 0.928 0.923 0.958 0.964 Approach Delay 35.1 39.0 31.6 33.4 Approach LOS D D C C 1.000 1.000 t.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 f�Pb - - - Intersection Delay 34.0 Intersection LOS C 1.000 __ 1,000 __ 1.000 _ 1.000 fie _ Copyright®2005 University W Flontla,All Rights Reserved ryGS�Rn Verson 5.21 Generated:11812007 4:53 PM Adjusted borrow 1805 1763 1805 1753 1805 3466 1805 3489 Secondary Adjusted Sort-547 507 -- 852 786 - - - FULL REPORT General Information Site Information VOLUME ADJUSTMENT AND SATURATION FLOW RATE WORKSHEET Analyst JW Intersection Walua Rd/OnionC SUXuakini Hwy Agenoyor Co. PBQD General Information Date Performed 1/3/2007 Area Type Alt other areas Time Period AM Peak Jurisdiction Hawaii Analysis Year 2020 wide w{LT bays Project Description Kuakks Hwy-Walua/0nionUKuakinr-AM-2020-wide wlLTbays Intersection Volume Adjustment Grace=o 1 2 1 EB WE, NB SB J ` LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT Grade= ° Volume 177 10 89 13 15 68 110 761 17 32 522 140 PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 ° a Adjusted Flow Rate 197 11 99 14 17 76 122 646 19 36 580 156 1 7 r Lane Group LT R LT R L TR L T R 1 tl, ° Adjusted Flow Rate 208 99 31 76 122 861 36 580 756 Proportion of LT or RT 0.947 - 1.000 0.452 - 1.000 1.000 - 1.122 1.000 - 1.000 craae=° Saturation Flow Rate Base Satflaw 1900 1900 1900 1900 1910 1900 1900 1900 1-100 Grade= 0 Number of Lanes 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 0 1 2 1 ' z °Volume and Timing Input fN 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 ` EB WB NB SB 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT fnv Volume(vph} 177 10 89 13 15 68 110 761 17 32 522 140 f 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 9 %Heavy Von 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 t000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 .90 0.90 fp Actuated(PIA) A A A A A A A A A A A A f 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 bb Startup Lost Time 2.0 2.0 2.0 20 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 7.000 a Extension of Effective Green 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 20 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 9.952 1.000 .952 1.000 Arrival Type 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 feu Unit Extension 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3,0 3.0 0.955 0.757 0.950 1.000 0.950 1.000 f�T _ _ _ _ PedlBlkelRTOR Volume 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Secondary f�T 0.678 Lane Width 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 - - - Parking(Y or N) N N N N N N N N f 1.000 0.850 1.000 0.850 0.997 T000 0.8 00 RT - ParkinglHour 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Bus Stops/Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 f-,, - --Pedestrian Timing 3.2 3.2 fRpb - 1.000 1.000 1.000 L "" 000 1.000 1.000 1.000 3.2 3.2 "" - EB Only EW Perm 03 04 Exd,Left Thru&RT 07 08 1814 1615 1438 1615 1805 3606 1805 3618 1615 Timing G= 19.0 G=Z0 G= G= G=19.0 G=40R G= G= Adjusted Satflow Y=0 Y=5 Y= Y= Y=5 Y=5 Y= Y= Secondary Adjusted Sort f173 - - Duration of Anal sis his)=0.25 C cle Len th C= 100,0 FULL REPORT General Information Site Information CAPACITY AND LOS WORKSHEET Analyst Jw finte-cli- Mt-RolOrl St'K-ldui Agency orCo. PROD Hy General Information Area Type Allotho-r- Date Performed 11312007 Jurisdiction Hawaii Project Description Keedri Hwy-WalualOnionlMakint-AM-2020-wide wILT bay. Time Period PMPsak Analysis Year 2020 Moo wILTb.ys Capacity Analysis Intersection Goo met EB WB N8 SB G.-0 Lane Group LT R LT I R L I TR L T R Adjusted Flo.Rate 206 99 31 76 122 665 36 580 156 Safflow Rate 1814 1615 1436 1615 1805 3606 1805 3618 1615 Lost Time 2.0 2.0 2.0 20 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Green Ratio O26 0.50 0.07 0,31 0.19 0,40 0,19 040 040 1 Lane Group Capacity 395 808 101 501 343 1442 343 1447 546 1 7- Wo Ratio 10.53 10.12 1 .0.31 0.15 0.36 0.60 0.10 0.40 0.24 Flo,Ratio 0.11 10.06 1 10.02 10,05 10.07 10.24 10.02 10.16 0.10 Critical Lane Group Y I N Y I N I Y Y N I N Sum Flow Ratios 0.44 Lost Time/Cycle 20-00 Critical v/c Ratio 0.55 Lane Group Capacity,Control Delay,and LOS Determination EB WB NB SB Volume and Timing Input EB WB NB SS Lane Group LT R LT R L TR L T R LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH I RT LT I TH I RT Adjusted Flow Rate 208 99 31 76 122 865 36 580 156 Volume(,ph) 153 15 152 20 5 56 186 1607 30 18 681 241 Lane Group Capacity 395 808 101 501 343 1442 343 1447 546 %Heavy Van 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 v1.Ron. 0.53 0.12 0.31 0.15 0.36 060 0,10 0.40 0.24 PHF 0.90 .90 .90 0,90 0.90 0.90 0,90 a90 090 0.90 0.90 0.90 Green Ratio 0.26 0.50 0.07 0.31 0.19 0.40 0.19 0.40 0.40 Actuated(PIA) A A A A A A A A A A A A Union,Delay d, -117 133 _44,2 25,0 35-2 23.7 33.5 21.4 11.1 Startup Lost Time 2.0 2,0 2.0 2.0 2.0 20 2.0 2.0 2.0 Delay Factor k 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.19 M 0.11 0.11 Extension of Effective Green 20 2.0 20 2,0 2.0 2.0 Zo 2.0 2.0 Incremental Delay dl 0.1 1,7 0.1 0.6 0,7 M 0.2 0.2 And-1 Type 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 LT 3 0 go 0 11 PF Fact., 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 - Unit Extension 30 zo ZO 3,0 3.0 3.0 30 3.0 3.0 Control Delay 33,0 13.4 35.8 124.4 1 3 E3.6 21.6 20.1 ----- PediBike/RTOR Volume 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C B --Tc C Lane Group LOS C C C --- Lane Width ItLO 120 12.0 12.0 IZO 12,0 12.0 12.0 f2.0 Approach Delay 26.7 311 25.8 21.9 Parking(Y or N) NJ Approach _ N LOS C C C C _ N _ N N N N N Int...ek.r Delay 24.8 Intersection LOS C Parking/Hour Bus Stops/Hour 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cight 0 2N5 Un-,�ty of Fl,, - .d,,All Ru R . - -1 .. Ind I.N., -A- P.d.Stndn Tinnug 3.2 32 3.2 L+ 0 3.2 ---- 1 0 1 ' I EB Only EWF,-r. 03 1 04 i Not E;ft- i Thnu&R-T-r-07 08 Timing G P- 1 9,E fG=13.0 G= I.= JG=210 1.=1.11 I.= Y= Y= IY= IY=5 JY= 5 IY- Duration of r.1yu a(h, 15 C rid Lou in C- - VOLUME ADJUSTMENT AND SATURATION FLOW RATE WORKSHEET CAPACITY AND LOS WORKSHEET General Information General Information Project Description Kuakini Hwy-WalualOnionYKuakini-PM-2020-wide wILTb.ys Project Description Kralomi Hwy-WalualOnionilKuakin!-PM-2020-wide wILTbays Volume Adjustment EB I WB NB SB Capacity Analysis EB WB NB SB LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT Lane Group LT R LT R L TR L T R Volume 153 15 152 20 5 56 186 607 30 18 681 241 Adjusted Flow Rate 187 169 28 62 207 707 20 757 268 PHF OM 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0,90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 (j90 Satnow Rate 1617 1615 1390 1615 1805 5139 1805 3616 1615 1 Lost Time 2,0 2.0 2.0 2.0 20 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Adjusted Flow Rate 170 17 169 22 6 62 207 674 33 20 757 268 Green Ratio 0.35 0L35 6.16 0.16 0.20 0.30 0.20 0,30 0.30 Lane Group LT R LT R L TR L T R Lane Group Capacity 525 565 222 258 361 1542 361 '()85 485 Adjusted Flow Rate 1 M7 It- I 1 1(52 1217 1-7 1 1 -1 268 v/c Ratio 0.36 0,30 10,13 0.24 0.57 10.46 1 0.06 0.70 .0.55 Proportion of LT or RT 10.90,9 1 - 11.000 10.766 1 11.000 11,000 1 - 10,047 1 WOO - 1.000 Flow Ratio 1111 1110 1 110-2 �.14 OM 10.14 1 0,01 0,21 0.17 Saturation Flow Rate Critical Lane Group Y I N N Y Y I N N Y N Base Safflow 900 1900 1900 Sum Flow Ratios 0.47 11100 11,10 1901, 190 1100 11900 1900 Lost Crin./Cycl. 20.00 Number of Lanes 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 3 0 1 2 1 Critical v/c Ratio 0.58 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Lane Group Capacity,Control Delay,and LOS Determination fW EB WB NB SB fHV 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 Lane Group LT R LT I R L I TR L T R T 000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1M0 L000 IMO L000 Adjusted Flow Rate 187 169 28 62 207 707 20 757 268 fc I I Lane Group Capacity 525 565 222 258 361 1542 361 1085 485 IMO 1.000 1�000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 0 4 0 0 2 N 3 0 0 5 5 7 R 26S 10 we Ratio 0.36 0.30 0.13 0,24 (L57 0,46 0,06 0.70 0.55 0'0 9 1.000 1.000 1.000 100 1.000 1.000 1.000 IM0 1.000 Green Ratio 0,35 0.35 �J f,b 0.16 016 0.20 0,30 if20 0.30 0.30 fa 1.000 IL000 1.000 1000 1.000 1.000 1�000 1-000 1.000 Uniform Delay d, 24.1 23.6 36.0 36.7 36.1 28,4 32.4 31,0 29.4 Delay Fact.,k .0.11 0.11 0.11 0,11 0.17 0.11 0.11 0.26 0.15 1.000 1,000 1.000 1000 1.000 a9os 1,000 0.962 1.000 Incremental Delay dt 0A 03 0,3 [r5 2.2 0.2 M 2.0 1.4 f'u - E:::: PF Fact., 000 1.000: L2 0 .000 1,000 1,000 lmo 1.000 1.000 0.957 r.732 1 0.950 1.000 0.950 1.000 E�j fLT Control Delay 124,�6 23-11 3 7.2 38.4 28.6 32.4 133.0 130.7 Secondary f. 10.179 Lane Group LOS C C D D D C C 1 C 1 C 1.000 0.850 1,000 0.850 1 9.993 1,000 0.850 Approach Delay 24�2 36�9 30.8 32,4 - Approach LOS C D C C 1.000 1.000 1.o0wo imo 1.000 7.000 30.8 Intersection LOS "Lo -- -- -- I I i frpo 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 - 1.000 - IM0 IMO 11 ndm Generates:-Go, G at 1. Adjusted S.ftw 1617 1615 1390 1615 1805 5139 1805 3618 �'d' Secondary Adjusted Satillow 1291 - I r L A- FULL REPORT General Information Site Information VOLUME ADJUSTMENT AND SATURATION FLOW RATE WORKSHEET Analyst Jw Intersection MY Highwy1Kp.kW Wgln-y Agency or Co, PBQD Area Type Alf.ths,-, General Information Date Performed 11312007 Jurisdiction Time Period AM Peak risdiction Hawaii Count y Analysis Year 2020(widened) Project Description Kuakini Hwy W77dening-AN Hwy1Kaakjhf-AM Peak-2020-swide Intersection Geometry Volume Adjustment G,.d.=0 EB WB NB SB LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT LT TH RT Volume 369 635 89 87 425 15 105 464 63 15 325 258 PHF a90 090 0,90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0,90 0.90 0.90 Adjusted Flow Rat. 432 706 99 97 472 17 117 538 92 17 361 287 Lane Group L T R L T R L T R L T R Adjusted Flow Rate 432 706 99 117 141 117 1 111 1 1311 192 117 311 237 Proportion of LT.,RT !"I", 1.006 11.000 1 -- 11.000 11.000 1 - 11.000 11.000 - 11,000 1 Grad, 0 Saturation Flow Rate Base Safflow 1900 1900 1900 1 1901, "I'll, 1100 19091, 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 G- 0 Numberoft-anes 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 Volume and Timing Input fa 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 EB WB NB SB 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 LT I TH RT LT TH -RT LT TH RT LT I TH I RT fW Volume(vph) 389 635 89 87 425 15 105 484 83 15 325 258 to 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1,000 1,000 1.000 - %Heavy V.h 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PHF 0.90 0.90 0.90 ago 0.90 0,90 0.90 0.90 0,90 0.90 0.90 090 1.000 1.000 1000 1.000 1 1.000 1.000 1 1.000 1 1,000 1.000 1 1.000 1.000 1 1-000 Actuated(PIA) A A- A A- A A A A A A A A fob 1.000 1.000 1.000 11.000 11.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 11.000 1.000 11.000 Startup Lost Time 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 20 2.0 2.0 - 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.0001.000 1.000 1.000 11,000 1.000 1,000 Extension of Effective Green 2.0 2.02.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2,0 2.0 fa Aur-1 Type 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 feu 0.971 0.952 1.000 1.000 0.952 1.000 1.000 0.952 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Unit Extension 3,0 3.0 3.0 po 3.0 3.0 3.0 3,0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 f 0.950 1.000 0.960 1.000 0,950 1.000 0.950 1.000 LT _Ped/BlkeiRTOR Volume 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Laos Width 12.0 12.0 12.0 IZO 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 120 Secondary f, - - -- Parking{Y or N) N N N N N N N N f'T 1.000 0.850 -- 1.000 0.850 - 1,000 0.850 -- 1000 0.850 Parking/Hour 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 Bus Stops/Hour 0 0 0 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 0 Lpb 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.. 1,000 1,000 1.000 1.00T Pedestrian Timing 32 3�2 3�2 fnp. - -- - -- I Esol.Left jThm&RT 1 03 1 Excl,Left I Thru&RT Adjusted Said-07 3505 3618 1615 1805 3618 1615 1805 3618 1615 1805 1900 1615 Timmg I G=160 IG=20.0 IG= IG G=14.0 1 G=-90.0 G IY=5 = IY 5 - 4 Y=5 IY= 5 ly Y SSeSecondary.nd. Adjusted Smflow - -- - 7 71 FULL REPORT General Information I Site Information CAPACITY AND LOS WORKSHEET Analyst Jw lot.rusefibn Ali!HfghivayK-kini High-y Agency or Co. PBOD Area Type Allotherareas General Information Date Performed 1,�.1/2007 Jurisdiction Hawaii County Project Description Kuakin!Hwy Widening-AN HwylKuakfni-AM Peak-2020-swide Time Period PM Peak Analysis Yea, 2020(widonad) Capacity Analysis Intersection Geomet!y EB WB NB SB Lane Group L T R L T R L T R L T R Adjusted Flow Rate 432 706 99 97 472 17 117 538 92 17 361 287 Satflo.Rate 3505 3618 1615 1805 3618 11615 1805 3613 1615 1805 1900 1615 Lost Time 20 2.0 2.0 2.0 zo 20 2.0 2,0 2.0 2.0 20 20 Green Ratio 0A6 0-20 0.39 O.16 0.20 0.39 0.14 0.30 0.51 0.14 0.30 0.51- 2 -A 4'- Lane Group Capacity 561 724 630 289 724 630 253 1685 324 253 570 824 2 We Ratio 077 0.98 0.16 0.34 0.65 0,03 0.46 0.50 0.11 0.07 0.63 10.35 1 Flow Ratio 0.12 10,20 0.06 O.05 0.13 0.01 0,06 0,15 1.()l 0,11 OAS 118 Critical Lane Group '71 1 N N N y N N N Y I N u So.R..Ratios 0.57 Lost TiT./Cyd. 20.00 C,111.1 We Ratio 0.72 Goe. Lane Group Capacity,Control Delay,and LOS Determination EB WB NB SIB Volume and Timing Input EB WB INS 313 Lane Group L T R I L T R L I T R L T R LT I TH RT LT I TH RT LT I TH I RT LT TH I RT Adjusted Play,R.I. 432 706 99 197 472 17 117 1538 92 17 361 287 Volume(vph) 305 645 208 166 1670 15 210 1503 1151 15 516 322 Lane Group Capacity 561 724 630 289 724 630 263 1086 824 253 570 824 %Heavy Veh 0 0- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 vlc Ratio 0.77 0.98 0.16 0.34 0.65 0,03 046 0.50 011 007 0.63 0.35 PHF 0.90 090 0.90 0.90 0.90 (190 090 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 Green Ratio 0.16 0.20 0.39 0.16 0.20 0.39 0.14 0.30 0,51 0.14 0.30 0.51 Actuated(PIA) A A A A A A A A A_ A A A Unit.,.Delay or 402 39.8 19.8 373 36.8 18.8 395 2&8 12.7 37.3 30.2 14.6 Startup Lost Time 2.0 20 2.0 2.0 2.0 2,0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2,0 2.0 ZO Delay Factor k f132 0.48 0.11 0.11 0.23 0.11 0.11 0.11 OM 0.11 0.21 0.11 Extension of Effective Green 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 20 2.0 2,0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Incremental Delay d2 11 113 1.1 0.1 21 10 1,3 0.4 0.1 0.1 23 03 Arrival Type 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ,3 3 3 PF Factor 1.000 11.000 11.000 1.000 1-000 1.000 1,000 t000 1.000 7.000 1.000 1,000 Unit Extension 3.0 3.0 3.0 M 3.0 3.0 3,0 3.0 3,0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Control Delay 46,7 1670 119.9 38.0 138.9 118.6 40.9 29.1 112,8 37.4 32.5 14.9 Ped/Blke/RTOR Volume 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L..Group LOS TIT7r87D D B D C e 0 C_ B Lane Width 12.0 12.0 1ZO 12.0 12.0 L2.0 1�.() Approach Delay 56.2 3&2 29.0 21, 12.0 12.0 2,0 12.0 11Z0 "0 Approach LOS E D C C Parking(Y or N) N N N N N N Intersect, Intersection LOS C� Intersection Delay 40�2 raddogil Bus Stops/Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cop,epra 9 2..JN-4,V Florida,A1,FrIoN..-d HGSxrM Vemo,5.21 Genes .1191200T 4.54 PM Pedestrian Tinting 1 3.2 32 3.2 3.2 1 Excl.Left Thr.&RT 03 04 Excl.Left I Thn.&RT 1 07 1 08 Timing JG= iao JG=21.0 JG= JG- G= 16.0 1 G=30-0 JG= JG= y- 5 IY=5 F IY= IY=5 IY=5 IY= Duration cf&.1ys VOLUME ADJUSTMENT AND SATURATION FLOW RATE WORKSHEET CAPACITY AND LOS WORKSHEET General Information General Information Project Description Kuakini Hwy Widening-Atli Hwy1Kuak1W-PM Peak-2020-swkta Project Description Kuakini Hwy Widening-AN Hpy1Kuakini-PM Peak-2020-swide Volume Adjustment ustment ES I WB NB SB Capacity Analysis EB WB I NB SB LT TH RT LT TH RT LT I TH I RT LT_ TH RT Lane Group L T R L T R I L I T R L T R Volume 305 645 208 166 670 15 210 15 115, 1 15 516 322 Adjusted Flow Rate 339 717 231 184 744 17 233 559 168 17 573 358 1 --- Sadie.Rate 1505 3618 1615 1805 3618 1615 1805 3618 1615 1605 1900 1615 PHF 090 9.90 (L90 090 0.90 0,90 0,90 1911 0.90 0.90 0.90 --- Lost Time 2,0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 20 2.0 2.0 2.0 Adjusted Flow Rate 339 717 231 184 744 17 233 1159 H 1 17 573 358 Green Ratio 0.13 0.21 0.42 0.13 0.21 0.42 0,16 0.30 0.48 0.16 0.30 0.48 Lane Group L T R L T R L T R L T R Lane Group Capacity 456 760 678 235 760 678 289 1085 775 289 570 775 c59 1 Adjusted F1-Rate 1- 1717 233 559 1168 17 573 1 358 Wo Ratio 0.74 0.94 0.34 (t 78 0.98 10,03 0.81 0,52 10.22 10.06 11.01 0.46 - Fi-Ratio 0.10 0.20 0.14 0.10 10.21 10.01 10.13 10.15 10,10 10.01 10,30 0.22 1000 t Proportion of LT or RT 1 1.000 1.000 - 1.000 Critical Lane Group N I N I N Y I Y I N I Y I N I N I N I Y Al Saturation Flow Rate 00 1 1 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 11900 1900 1900 1900 1 Sum F1mv Ratios 0.74 Base Saffloy� 9,10 1 1 I Lost Time(Cycle 20,00 Number of Lanes 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 Critical v/c Ratio 0.92 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Lane Group Capacity,Control Delay,and LOS Determination EB WB NB SB t000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 fHV Lane Group L T R L T R L T R L T R 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1�000 1.000 Adjusted Flow Rate 339 717 231 184 744 17 233 559 168 17 573 358 "14 2 19 Lane Group Capacity 456 760 678 235 760 678 239 1085 775 289 570 775 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 IMO 1�000 1.000 IMO 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 t 1P vto Ratio 0,74 0-94 0,4 0.78 0,98 (t 3 0.81 052 022 0.06 1XI OA6 fbb IMO 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 11,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1. 1-000 1.000 Green Ratio 0.13 0-21 0.42 'l.13 0.21 0.42 .16 0,30 _0.48 0.16 0.30 0.48 L000 1�000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 L000 1.000 11.000 1-000 1.000 Uniform Delay d, 41.9 38.9 19.6 P42.1 39.3 17.0 0.5 29.0 15.1 35.6 35,0 17.4 fa Delay Fact.,k 0.30 6 .1' 0.33 0,46 0.11 0.35 0,12 011 0.11 0,50 0.11 1�000 1.00 1�000 1.00T fLu 0.971 0.952 1.000 1.000 0.952 1X00 1,000 0,952 Incremental Delay d2 _1 15.7 27.4 0.0 15.4 0.4 OJ 01 39.0 0.4 PF Factor 1.000 11000 1.000 1.000 1.000 .000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 0 O�950 1,000 0.950 1.000 0.950 1.000 0.950 1.000 f.T Control Delay 57.9 66.7 17,10 55,9 29.4 �15�2 35.7 74.0 17.8 Secondary fLT qEE B !E C B D E B Approach49.2 64.1 33.4 52.1 ,,y fnT 11.000 0.850 1 ._ _11,000 10.850 - 1.000 9.850 1.000 0.850 Approach2,1 L., D E C D fLo 1�000 1.000 - 1.000 1000 - 1,000 1.000 __ 1.000 1�000 __ Intersection Delay 49.6 Intersection LOS D 1.000 1.000 1000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 7.000 C.P'rgn'.an 11-.M Reserved HcSJ.Version 521 Generated:11-07 4 54 PM Adjusted Satf1mv 3505 3618 1615 1805 3618 1615 1805 3618 1615 1805 1900 1615 Secondary Adjusted Belli- - Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment APPENDIX E ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY March 2013 —Final Report— Archaeological Inventory Survey for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2, Hualalai Road to Ah'i Highway, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii TMK: 7-5-8,9,10,17,18,19,and 30(POR.) w rwa,o M ny Coral M.Rasmussen INTERNATIONAL ARC IAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE,INC. JuLY2008 IARn 200529 —FINAL REPORT— ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY FOR THE Cover page shows portion of Kuakini Wall,view to northeast. KUAKINI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT,PHASE 2, HUALALAI ROAD TO ALVI HIGHWAY, KAILUA-KONA,HAWAPI TMK: 7-5-8,99 109 179 189 199 AND 30(por.) by Coral M.Rasmussen,M.A. Prepared for: Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade&Douglas,Inc. American Savings Bank Tower 1001 Bishop Street,Suite2400 Honolulu,Hawaii 96813 International Archaeological Research,Institute,Inc. 2081 Young Street Honolulu,Hawaii 96826 July 2008 ii PREFACE The following report presents the results of the archaeological survey,completed in 2005,for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project.The report documents survey conditions and status of the highway at the time of the survey,research,and analysis(2005-2006). iii iv work recommended.One boundary feature consisting of a ranching wall(Site 15514)was also adequately documented and no further archaeological work recommended. ABSTRACT Protective measures will need to be implemented to mitigate potential impacts to six archaeological sites or portions of sites that lie within the APE,and for which preservation or avoidance is recommended.Protective measures may include enclosing the sites or portions of International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc. (IARII) conducted an the sites with orange construction fencing. Monitoring is recommended during construction archaeological inventory survey for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project in Kailua-Kona, activities due to the possibility of impacting significant subsurface features. island of Hawaii for Parsons Brinkerhoff Quade&Douglas,Inc.This portion of the highway covers nine traditional ahupua`a. The Tax Map Key(TMK)includes 7-5-8,9,10,17,18,19, and 30. The archaeological inventory survey consisted of an area 2 km(1.2 miles)long and 30.5 m(100 ft)wide on either side of the Kuakini Highway centerline. This corridor,which encompasses more area than thatneeded for construction purposes,was necessary for planning so that significant archaeological sites could be avoided.Twenty archaeological sites were recorded within the archaeological survey corridor, 16 of which had been identified during prior archaeological projects. Fourteen sites are located within the Area of Potential Effect(APE). This archaeological project did not include subsurface testing since most of the sites had been previously identified and no further archaeological work recommended. The following 14 sites are located within the proposed APE,either within or near the project footprint ofthe proposed highway improvements.Fourstmctures in Site 5608 have been previously designated for preservation.Preservation isrecommended for Site 6302,known as the Kuakini Wall.Rock walls(Sites 6300,11059 Feature 8,15508,22057,23665,and 23666)and a walled enclosure for ranching(Site 23662)have been adequately documented;no further archaeological work is recommended. The modified outcrop(Site 26101)has also been adequately recorded with no further archaeological work recommended. Avoidance is recommended for a C-shaped wall(Site 26100)likely used for temporary habitation and for a broken lava bubble with few marine shells(Site 26102).If avoidance is not possible,appropriate mitigation measures need to be undertaken. Laniakea Cave(Site 7248)has been identified as possibly extending below Kuakini Highway. The openings of the cave are not within the archaeological survey area,and therefore the cave was not entered and documented. A small opening possibly leading to the cave is located southeast of the intersection of Kuakini Highway and Hualalai Road. A grate covers this opening and access was not possible. A memorial marking the human remains(Site 21189)beneath the sidewalk next to Coconut Grove Market Place is also within the APE. Preservation is recommended for this feature. An additional inadvertent discovery of human remains along Kuakini Highway was found following the archaeological inventory survey for this project. Determinations regarding the remains are currently underway. Sites located outside of the proposed APE consist of agricultural and boundary features. They include k—iwi(agricultural walls),rock mounds,and possibly modified outcrops. Site numbers were assigned during prior archaeological projects(Sites 11059 Feature 4,22045, 22053,22054,23686)with the exception of Site 26099,which was discovered during the present project. These agricultural sites were adequately documented,and no further archaeological v vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) TABLE OF CONTENTS Site 26101.............................................................................................. 48 Site26102.............................................................................................. 48 Inadvertent Discovery of Human Remains............................................ 48 page V. EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS..................................................... 49 ABSTRACT................................................................................................................... v Assessment of Potential Effects and Recommendations.................................. 49 LISTOF TABLES....................................................................................................... ix Site Recommendations.......................................................................... 53 LISTOF PHOTOGRAPHS......................................................................................... x APPENDIX A GPS DATA........................................................................................... 59 LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................... x APPENDIX B SITE PHOTOGRAPHS........................................................................ 65 I. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 1 APPENDIX FIELD DRAWINGS............................................................................. 69 Project Description........................................................................................... 1 APPENDIX D LAND COMMISSION AWARDS NEAR Fieldwork Schedule and Personnel................................................................... 2 THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY AREA FOR THE KUAKINI HIGHWAY II. ENVIRONMENTAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT.......................................... 5 IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT................................................................................ 83 PhysicalSetting................................................................................................ 5 REFERENCES............................................................................................................... 89 CulturalGeography.......................................................................................... 5 Pre-contact History of the Project Area............................................................ 7 Post-contact History of the Project Area.......................................................... 13 III. PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS...................................... 17 IV. INVENTORY SURVEY RESULTS..................................................................... 33 Site Inventory and Distribution........................................................................ 33 Investigation Procedures................................................................................... 33 SiteDescriptions............................................................................................... 35 Site5608................................................................................................ 35 Site6300................................................................................................ 38 Site6302................................................................................................ 38 Site7248................................................................................................ 39 Site11059.............................................................................................. 40 Site15508.............................................................................................. 41 Site15514.............................................................................................. 41 Site 21189(Memorial)........................................................................... 41 Site 22045(possible)............................................................................. 42 Site 22053(possible)............................................................................. 42 Site 22054(possible)............................................................................. 42 Site22057.............................................................................................. 43 Site23662.............................................................................................. 43 Site23665.............................................................................................. 43 Site23666.............................................................................................. 44 Site23686.............................................................................................. 44 Site26099.............................................................................................. 46 Site26100.............................................................................................. 47 vii viii LIST OF TABLES LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS page page 1. Ahupua`a Located within the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project................. 2 1. Site 5608,platform Features BBB,CCC,and DDD,view to southeast.................. 37 2. Ahupua`a Names and Their Possible Meanings...................................................... 7 2. Site 26100,C-shape constructed of as clinkers....................................................... 47 3. Heiau and Shrines Located Near the Archaeological Survey for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project......................................................... 9 4. Sites of Major Importance Located near the Archaeological Survey Area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project......................................................... 10 LIST OF FIGURES 5. Archaeological Projects Conducted within and near the Archaeological Survey Area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project......................... 18 page 6. Archaeological Sites Previously Recorded in and near the Archaeological Survey Area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project......................... 24 1. Location of the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project,Kailua-Kona,Hawai`i.. 3 7. Archaeological Sites Identified during the Kuakini Highway 2. Ahupua`a locations along the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Improvements Project Inventory Survey.......................................................... 35 Kailua-Kona,Hawai`i....................................................................................... 4 S. Recommendations for Archaeological Sites within the Proposed APE for the 3. Location of Kuakini Highway Improvements Project shown on USGS map......... 6 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project,Phase 2........................................... 54 4. Heiau located near Kuakini Highway Improvements Project................................. 8 5. Locations of previous archaeological projects near the Kuakini Highway.............. 23 6. Archaeological sites recorded in the archaeological survey area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project,including nearby significant sites... 34 7. Kuakini Highway Improvements Project,Phase 2,showing limits of construction and archaeological sites............................................................... 50 ix x Table 1.Ahupua`a Located Within the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project. Ahu ua`a Tax Map Key TMK 1. INTRODUCTION Hienaloli 6th 7-5-09:32,48,52 `Auhaukea`z 2nd 7-5-09:25,55 `Auhaukea`z 1st 7-5-09:29,53,54,59 International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc. (IARII) conducted an Pua`a3rd 7-5-18:12 28 archaeological inventory survey for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project,Phase 2 for Pua`a 2nd 7-5-10:3 7-5-18:28 7-5-09.3 4 10 40 56 Parsons Brinkerhoff Quade&Douglas,Inc.The limits of fieldwork were from Hualalai Road Pua`a 1st 7-5-09:21,23,57 to the future Ali`i Highway intersection(Fig.1).The archaeological inventory survey consisted Wai`aha2nd 7-5-17:37,7-5-18:41,43,7-5-30:24,25 of an area 2 km(1.2 miles)long and 30.5 m(100 fit)wide on either side of the Kuakini Highway Wai`aha 1'It 7-5-17:37,7-5-18:7,89,90,91,92,94,95,7-5-10:85 centerline. Kahului 1st 7-5-19:38,7-5-17:5 Planned highway improvements have the potential to affect archaeological sites adjacent to the existing road. The survey identified 20 archaeological sites with 25 component features. Although 16 of the sites were previously recorded,four new sites(with one feature each)were FIELDWORK SCHEDULE AND PERSONNEL also identified.Site significance is evaluated in terms of the criteria of eligibility for nomination to the National and State Registers of Historic Places,the potential for direct and indirect adverse Fieldwork for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project survey was conducted impacts from the improvement project assessed,and recommendations provided for treatment of between 24 and 28 October 2005.Coral M.Rasmussen,M.A.,directed the fieldwork.The field historic properties in the proposed Area of Potential Effect(APE). crew consisted of Mara Mulrooney,M.A.and Timothy Reith,B.A.David Welch,Ph.D.,served as the Principal Investigator. The present report documents the archaeological investigations undertaken for this project. A cultural impact assessment study was undertaken concurrently by Social Research Pacific,Inc.(Prasad 2006). PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Kuakini Highway Improvement Project is located within the North Kona District and covers nine ahupua`a(traditional land division)(Table 1;Fig.2).The Tax Map Key(TMK) includes 7-5-8,9,10,17,18,19,and 30(Table 1). Archaeologists conducted a surface survey of a 200 ft(61 m)wide corridor along Kuakini Highway:100 ft(30.5 m)on both the east and west sides of the existing centerline.The actual road improvement project was anticipated to be narrower. The larger survey area was intended to be a conservative estimate until conceptual designs can be prepared.The corridor is 2 km long and includes commercial properties, condominiums, and undeveloped lands. Subsequent to completion of the inventory survey,Parsons Brinkerhoff Quade&Douglas,Inc. determined that additional property might be needed to cover the construction staging areas. Proposed construction staging areas were therefore not surveyed in their entirety. Although no subsurface testing was conducted during the survey,most of the sites had been previously identified and tested during prior archaeological projects. No surface cultural material was observed or collected. 2 1 t i lLw to u y J 3: O( w T S o �d a c i F a 3 4 11. ENVIRONMENTAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT PHYSICAL SETTING The Kuakini Highway Improvements Project is located on the island of Hawaii,on the western slope of Hualtdai Volcano,within the physiographic region known as the Kona Lava Plain.This is an area ofgeologically recent lava flows(Armstrong 1973;Macdonald et al.1983). Much of Hualt-li ai's southern slope,above the town of Kailua-Kona,consists ofintertwined lava flows from Mauna Loa and Hualalai(Macdonald et al.1983:366). The project area is located between 150 and 600 m(492-1968 ft)inland of the west-facing shore of Hawaii Island(Fig.3) and ranges in elevation from ca.12 to 49 m(40 to 160 ft)above mean sea level. This part of the Kona coast is very and and hot.The average annual rainfall is less than 20 inches with the heaviest seasonal rain falling between May and September(Giambelluca 1986).Although there are no permanent surface drainages,there are coastal seeps and springs. Residents in the ahupua`a of Kahului collected water from Kahului Stream and a number of small springs in the area(Maly 1998). The part of Kona in which the project area is located is prone to occasional heavy rainfall that causes flash floods and erosion. Two major soil types are present within the project area(Sato et al.1973:85).Punaluu Extremely Rocky Peat(rPYD)is found on the north portion of Kuakini Highway. The surface layer is about 4 inches thick and overlies pahoehoe bedrock. Rock outcrops appear on 40 to 50 percent of the surface.This soil is used for pasture.The second soil type,Waiaha Extremely Stony Silt Loam(WHC),is present on the south portion of Kuakini Highway. It is very dark brown extremely stony silt loam,4 to 14 inches thick,which overlies pahoehoe bedrock. This soil is also used for pasture. Vegetation in the project area is dominated by high grasses(6 to 7 ft)and scattered koa haole(Leueaena leucoeephala)and kiawe(Prosopis pallida). Coconut palm trees are present near houses and condominiums. Ornamental trees and bushes, such as plumeria and bougainvillea,have been planted along Kuakini Highway. Area of Detail Pt CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY - The Kuakini Highway Improvements Project passes through nine ahupua`a within the �,t N i traditional district of Kona(Table 2;see also Table 1).The nine ahupua`a are divided into five ��"� 0 Prelemnrea named sections,some of which are further divided into 1st,2nd,and 3rd. �� Yards o zso saa Me ers 0 250 500 Figure3. Location of Kuakini Highway Improvements Project shown on Kailua Quadrangle, 7.5 minute series,1982 USGS map. 5 6 Table 2. Ahupua`a Names and Their Possible Meanings. Ahu ua`a Meaning Reference Hienaloli hiena is a polishing stone;laH is to thane Pukui and Elbert 1986:68,211 `Auhaukea`e No form of the entire word`Auhaukea`e Pukui and Elbert 1986:31,36, could be found;however`auhau means tax, 140,141 femur and humerus,or stalk of a hau tree; kea means white,clear,shiny and can indicate gray-haired person,a variety of sugarcane especially used in medicine,and Poesbe Remo shared property; `e is used for emphasis. (Recorded Rosecdahl 1981a) Pua`a Means pig;many references to pug`a are to Pukui and Elbert 1986.344 Kama-pua`a;banks of fog or clouds,often as gathered over a mountain summit,a sign of rain and believed to be the cloud forms of Kama-ua`a. Wai`aha Gatherin water. Pukui et al.1976,219 Kahului I Probably means"the winning." I Pukui et al.1976:67 &te 11059 (Recorded.by 0esilets and A discussion of the cultural geography should include Kailua Bay.Kailua means"two Recbtman 2004) seas,"probably indicating two currents(Pukui and Elbert 1986:69). "There were important fishinggrounds,a safe harbor for canoes,and an ancient surfing area at the bay.The area east of Site 15509 (�' g y (Recorded by the bay was a major settlement. An ah`i(chiefly)compound was located adjacent to the bay. Head at al.1994) This area was also of religious significance as can be attested by the number of heiau(place of worship,temple)present in Kona near the archaeological survey area. Heiau and koa(fishing shrines)near the project vicinity are shown in Figure 4.These heiau,as well as additional heiau and koa,are listed in Table 3. Table 4 lists additional sites of major importance. SNe 21994 Heiau (Recorded by Rechtman 2000) PRE-CONTACT HISTORY OF THE PROJECT AREA Wo Heiau destroyed The evidence for original colonization of the islands strongly supports a date of the late approx.location AD 700s(Masse and Tuggle 1998;Tuggle and Spriggs 2001). It is unlikely that there was any settlement along the leeward Kona coast for a long period following colonization. The early Site 6322 Heiau settlement was likely a small community dependent on local resources.It might have consisted (R« ded by Heft of clusters of fishermen and their families who lived along the coast and exploited the excellent and Tamonari-Tuggle 1978) fishing grounds in Kailua Bay(Handy and Handy 1991:273). Agriculture,in the form of an upland field system,occurred very late in the pre-Contact period,almost certainly in the mid to late 1600s at the earliest(Tuggle and Tomonari-Tuggle 2005:14). H a izs zsagms Meffi2 0 �25 YA Figure 4. Heiau located near Kuakini Highway Improvements Project. 7 8 Table 3. Heiau and Shrines Located Near the Archaeological Survey for the Kuakini Highway Table 3. Heiau and Shrines Located Near the Archaeological Survey for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project. Improvements Project(continued). Name of Heiau Location Location Details Reference Name of Heiau Location Location Details Reference and Koa on Fi.4 and Koa on Fi.4 Haleokolia Kahului no Fishing heiau at Pu`u Maly 1998:A-19; Keikipu`ipu`i Keapu 3rd or no Luakini class heiau; Stokes 1991*49 Site 59 Kam,50 ft from the sea, Reinecke n.d.:59-60 Honua`ula;on the probably built at the burial mounds nearby south shore of time of`Umi Hekelinui Kahului no Fishing heiau Maly 1998:A-19; Kailua Bay;precise consisting of a platform Reinecke n.d.:59-60 location of site 105 x 40 ft and 4 ft high could not be 5608 Feat.A `Auhaukea` yes Possible heiau Rosendahl 1981a; determined Ahupua`a consisting of a stepped Clark and Rechtman Ma'o or W ai`aha Ahupua`a, yes; A heiau kulua ua built Pukui et al.1974; platform 2004 Nalupo'o on the north shore of approx. to control rain;ma b Thrum 1907:43; 5608 Feat.K `Auhaukea`c yes Possible heiau Rosendahl 1981a; Site 3834 Kailua Bay on a location means green;said to Stokes 1991:52; Ahupua`a consisting of a stepped Clark and Rechtman sandy beach since now have been built by Walker et al.1996; platform 2004 destroyed Kiwala'o Rechtman 2000 5608 Feat.L `Auhaukea` yes Possible heiau Rosendahl 1981a; Ahupua`a consisting of a platform Clark and Rechtman Table 4. Sites of Major Importance Located Near the Archaeological Survey Area for the 2004 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project. 6322 Kahului I st yes Composite heiau;29 x Ching et al.1973; 21 m;no name or Hammatt and Site Location Details Reference function found Tomonari-Tuggle Kuakini Wall, from Kahulu`u to Large wall,average Ching et al.1973;Clark and 1978;Hammatt and Site 6302 Keahuolu height 8 ft Rechtman 2003,2004;Corbin Meeker 1979; and Rosendahl 2002;Donham O'Hare and and Kai 1990;Hammatt and W olforth 1998 Meeker 1979;Hammatt and 11059 Feat.7 Pua`a 2nd Ahupua`a yes Possible shrine Desilets and Tomonari-Tuggle 1978;Haun consisting of a high Rechtman 2004 and Henry 2004,2005;Moore et platform 4.5 x 3.1 m al.1997;Rechtman 2004; 15509 Near boundary of yes Possible koa or fishing Head et al.1994 Rosendahl 1979a,1979b,1981a, Pua`a 3rd and shrine consisting of a 1981b,1981c W aiaha I st paved court and and Laniakea Cave, Entrances at Spacious cavern; DOT 1975;Ellis 1963:62; waterworn upright Site 7248 Thurston House sections of the cave Soehren 1980 in Kelly and 21994 W ai`aha I st yes Heiau consists of an Rechtman 2000 internally complex and Hale have collapsed and the Barr6re1980:16;Paikuli- platform,disturbed with Halawai entrance was choked Campbell pers.comm.2005 only 20 x 10 m platform with debris and remaining disturbed by squatters Haleoku `Auhaukea`;west no Said to have been built Stokes 1991*50 `Auhaukm'c Pua`a 1st Traditional Hawaiian Rosendahl 1988 of hau grove north by Alapa`i Platform,Site dwelling compound of Kalo au Heiau 2005 with ranching Kalopau Pua`a Ahupua`a,2 no Said to have been built Stokes 1991:50 components miles from the sea by Ala a`i Oneo Landing Prior to concrete Hammatt and Borthw ick 1987; Kauakaiakaola Puapua`a I st, yes 150 x 70 ft;walled barrier wall,the Allen 1986:6 northern point of structure with interior landing had a small Puapua`a Bay 80 ft platform features;said sandy beach from the sea and 10 to have been built by Kahopuka Pua`a Famous surf bathing Welch 1988 ft above mean tide Kamehameha I Beach resort in Kamehamehama's time 9 10 In order to provide a chronological and cultural framework for Kona,the traditions of The Kona Field System is characterized in the higher elevations by long inland-seaward Kona can be examined(Tomonari-Tuggle and Tuggle 2004;Tuggle and Tomonari-Tuggle 2005). walls called kuaiwi and perpendicular walls,sometimes called"formal portion of the field In the chronological succession of the kings in the lineage of La`au and Pili,it was during the system,or the formal-walled area"(Cordy 2000:248),that extend across the slope. They may reign ofeither Kuaiwa or Kahoukapu(9th or 10th generation)that ajunior son ofKuaiwanamed have been built to stabilize the steep slopes and form semi-permanent garden plots(Allen `Ehu became the chief of Kona and possibly Kohala. This event also probably marks the 2001.144). At lower elevations,including the archaeological survey area,agricultural features beginning of Kona as a significant economic,political,and religious domain.This may be due to are less formal and may consist of mounds,modified outcrops,residential platforms,and a major population increase,development of the Kona Field System,establishment of major enclosures. temples,and creation of the fishponds in Kona.Within four to five generations,by the early to mid-1500s,economic,political,and religious importance had grown to the point that allowed Schilt(1984)and Bouchard(1996)propose similar models for the evolution of the field `Umi-a-Liloa to take the remarkable step of moving the royal court from Waipio to Kona.From system. Initial agricultural development began in the upper zones with higher rainfall between that time on,Kona became the ruling center for chiefs of the island. The bay at Kailua and its AD 1050 and 1400. Between AD 1400 and the mid-1600s,farming expanded into less optimal surrounding area was one of the royal centers where the island ruler periodically resided;other areas. Schilt suggests that it was during this period that use of the drier kula zone began, Kona centers were at Kealakekua, Holualoa, Kahalu`u and Honaunau (Cordy 1995:13; suggesting that erosion of soils from the upland fields into the kula zone facilitated this Tomonari-Tuggle 2005:15). Archaeologically,these centers are typified by a concentration of expansion. By the late AD 1600s and 1700s,the upland area and the inland portion of the kula elaborate habitation complexes(kauhale)indicative of high-ranking residents,temples(heiau; zone were fully developed. By contact,the field system covered most of the leeward slopes of see Table 3),and structures related to chiefly activities(e.g.,holua slides). Hualaalai and northwestern Mauna Loa. It is likely that sites located within the archaeological survey corridor will relate to the Haun and Henry(2000:38)provide data to support the Schilt and Burtchard models,' following model regarding kauhale.The compounds forming kauhale had separate structures for although they suggest that agricultural development up to and during the AD 1300s was limited. different activities. These included hale mua or men's house where men ate,hale aina where They concur that inland fields were used extensively by the AD 1400s. Radiocarbon age women ate,hale kua where women performed domestic activities,hale kuku in which women determinations from 11 archaeological studies within the Kona Field System are summarized as beat taps,hale pea or menstrual hut,hale noa where a man and his wife met freely,hale-moe follows(Haun and Henry 2000:7): where the man,his wife,and his children lived and worked together,and heiau where men worshipped(Malo 1976:28-29;Handy and Handy 1991:297). The pattern indicates that most activity occurred after the early to mid-1400s.There is no clustering of age ranges from particular agricultural feature types or from dates from Although there are different types of heiau,only a few are known(Valeri 1985:179;see layers pre-dating surface features. Dates from features below 400 feet elevation and also Thrum 1907 and Bennett 1970 for typological descriptions of Hawaiian heiau). The hale above 600 feet elevation span the entire range between the 1300s and 1800s.There are mua or men's house can also be described as a domestic temple and indicates the first house to be twelve dates from features situated between 400 and 600 feet elevations. Two of the ages post-date 1500 and the rest post-date the[sic]1640 suggesting that the upper kula built in the complex,a place where guests were received,and where business was transacted and lower kalu ulu zones were the last areas to be brought into cultivation. (Valeri 1985:174). A private,raised alter(tuahu or kuahu)was located at the end of the hale mua,similar to the shrine located at the bow of the canoe.Ko`a or ko`a la,`ula are fishing heiau. A firsthand account of the Kona Field System was recorded by Ellis when he toured the Often they have an altar of coral and can be devoted to one or several fish.Luakini heiau were Kona region(1963:31-32): reserved for the high chiefs.Human sacrifices were made and principal royal rituals took place. Other heiau,such as hale o Lono,were intended to secure plentiful harvests,heiau ho`ouluulu ua The environs were cultivated to a considerable extent;small gardens were seen among were intended to insure rain,others were dedicated to the gods of war,hula,surfing,love, the barren rocks on which the houses are built,wherever soil could be found sufficient healing,and so on.When William Ellis(1963:73)toured Kailua in 1822 and 1823,he observed a to nourish the sweet potato...and in many places these seemed to be growing literally in "number of heiaus,and depositories for the dead... Some appeared very ancient,others had the fragments of lava,collected in small heaps around their roots...The path now lay evidently been standing but a few years." through a beautiful part of the country,quite a garden compared with that through which they had passed on first leaving the town. It was generally divided into small With the population increase in Kona,an extensive cultivated field system,known as the fields,about fifteen rods square,fenced with low stone walls,built with fragments of Kona Field System,was developed. Plants,such as taro,sweet potato,breadfruit,sugarcane, plantains,and paper mulberry were cultivated on the mountain slopes in elaborate terraces t A problem in Haun and Henry's approach,although it may not affect their conclusion,is the (Handy and Handy 1991:525-527). The field system spanned the upland slopes from Kailua to selection and/or use of age determinations from potentially questionable proveniences or from Kealakekua and was the agricultural foundation for the chiefdoms of Kona. "The field system proveniences that do not reflect specific event(e.g.,charcoal from a soil deposit in the middle of consists of four basic zones that extend from the coast to about 1,200 m(4,000 fir)above sea an enclosure could be the result of any number of events,some of which may have nothing to do level. Its spread can be seen as largely isomorphic with rainfall and elevation,with variations with the occupation of the enclosures). Further,Haun and Henry(2000:7)note that most of the dependent on sediment and geologic base"(Tomonari-Tuggle 2005:17). age determinations werefrom"excavations[that]were conducted in features suspected to contain burials or in features of uncertain function." 11 12 lava gathered from the surface of the enclosures. These fields were planted with Similar accounts of Laniakea Cave were reported by the historian James Jarves,who bananas,sweet potatoes,mountain taro,paper mulberry plants,melons,and sugar-cane, explored the cave in 1840(Jarves 1844:215-216 in Kelly and Barre 1980:16),Chester Smith which flourished luxuriantly in every direction. Lyman,who entered the cave in 1846(Lyman 1924:130 in Kelly and Barrdre1980:16),and Albert Baker in 1915(Baker 1915 in Kelly and Barr�re1980:16). In 1980,the archaeologist Lloyd Soehren noted that sections of the cave had collapsed and the entrance is choked with POST-CONTACT HISTORY OF THE PROJECT AREA debris(Soehren 1980 in Kelly and Barr€re1980:16).A wall once stood next to Laniakea Cave.It was part of"an old military fortification,formerly belonging to the makaainana(common people, During the 19th century,many changes occurred in Kona,most notably the introduction as distinguished from the aristocracy,or reigning chiefs)"(Ellis 1963:62).Ellis described itas 18 of foreign markets,foreign ideas,and a loss of population,due to disease,low birthrates,and or 20 ft high and 14 ft thick at the bottom. The stones were likely used for construction of the out-migration. The following summary briefly describes these transformations. Thurston Residence(Kelly and Barr&e1980:16). King Kamehameha I,known for uniting the Hawaiian Islands,chose Kailua as the As governor,Kuakini directed a number of large-scale building projects in Kailua, capital of Hawaii. One of his compounds was located near the north end of Kailua Bay. including a fort with massive walls and probablythe expansion orrebuildingofan olderwall east Kamehameha was involved in heiau construction. He ordered kapu(taboo)on the killing of of the village to keep out wild cattle.The Hawaiian name of the wall is Pnpipi,clearly referring imported cattle,exported sandalwood from the hillsides around Kailua,and traded with passing to a cattle wall.It is likely this is the same wall described in 1812 by John Papa`I`i as"A stone sailing ships. wall to protect the food plots stretched back of the village from one end to the other and beyond" (`I`i 1995:111).Prior to 1855,the wall was consistently known as the Great Wall by surveyors When Kamehameha died at Kailua,his son,Liholiho and his widow,Ka`ahumanu, (Kelly and Barr6re1980:30). After 1855,the wall was called the Great Wall,the Great Wall of abolished the kapu system. Liholiho also moved his court from Kailua to Honolulu and Kuakini,the Pa Pipi,Govenor Adam's Wall,or Kuakini's Wall(O'Hare and Wolforth 1998:2-6). appointed Kuakini the governor of Hawaii Island in 1820. Kuakini was the son of Ke`e-au- In 1915,Albert Baker wrote in the Hawaiian Almanac that"Just a little above[the stone church moku and Na-mahana. He was born in 1791 and given the time Ka-lua-i-konahale. After the at Kahalu`u],and continuing all the way to Kailua,is the huge stone wall built in Kuakini's time death of his half brother Kuakini,he was also given the name Kuakini. His half sister was to keep pigs from the cultivated lands above"(Baker 1915:83-84 in Kelly and Barn€re 1980:31). Ka`ahumanu,wife of King Kamehameha. Kamakau described Kuakini as"a liquor-drinking, pleasure-loving chief,a hula dancer and patron of thieves"until he converted to Christianity When Ellis visited Kailua between 1822 and 1823,he recorded"3,000 inhabitants" (Kamakau 1992:390). living in the village of Kailua(Ellis 1963:ix). By the 1830s,a decline in population was observed in Kona: When the missionaries arrived,they found the"nation was without any religion,and in this respect at least prepared to receive the dispensation of the gospel"(Ellis 1963:21).In 1823, We have been sensible for some time that the number of inhabitants in this island is on the Reverend Asa Thurston and his wife,Lucy,arrived in Kailua and were given land to build the decrease.There is an almost constant moving of the people to the leeward islands, their house. The 5-acre site,located northeast of the archaeological survey corridor(north of especially since the removal of the governor[Kuakini]to Oahu. Some leave by the Hualalai Road),was located on the boundary of Honua`ula and Hienaloli 1st Ahupua`a. The order of the chiefs,and other go on their own responsibility. At a late census of this Thurstons constructed their residence adjacent to Laniakea Cave. This cave is a"spacious district[Kona]the number of inhabitants fell short of 13,000(Thurston and Bishop cavern"where"children and aged persons were placed for security during an assault or sally 1833*236 in Hammatt and Chiogiop 1996:6). from the fort,and sometimes the wives of the warriors also,when they did not accompany their husbands to battle"(Ellis 1963:62). Ellis explored the In the mid-19th century land distribution called the Mnhele,the king,chiefs,and the government divided al]the lands among themselves,with each party relinquishing rights to the celebrated cavern...called Raniakea.After entering it by a small aperture,they passed other parties'claims.Commoners were given the opportunity to claim lands that they used,such on in a direction nearly parallel with the surface;sometimes along a spacious arched as agricultural fields,garden plots,and associated homesteads.These land claim awards(LCAs) way,not less then twenty-five feet high and twenty feet wide;at other times,by a provide useful information about patterns of land use in the I Sth century(see Appendix D). passage so narrow,that they could with difficulty press through,till they had proceeded about 1200 feet;here their progress was arrested by a pool of water,wide,deep,and as With the diminishing Hawaiian population in Kona,land was available forranching.In salty as that found in the hollows of the lava within a few yard of the sea... More than addition,the land around Kuakini Wall was often reserved for ah`i and konohiki(headman of an thirty natives,most of them carrying torches,accompanied them in their descent;and on ahupua`a)who used it as pasture for their own cattle(Sahlins 1992:136,148-149 in O'Hare and arriving at the water,simultaneously plunged in,extending theirtorches with one hand, Wolforth 1998:1-9).Cattle were first brought to the Big Island in the 1790s to roam the natural and swimming about with the other... The mouth ofthe cave is about halfa mile from pasturelands inland between Kawaihae and Waimea.These cattle were known to damage crops the sea,and the perpendicular depth to the water probably not less than fifty or sixty feet"(Ellis 1963:30). and`-were the primary cause for the building of stone fences around kuleanas and cultivated areas...they were called pa-aina,and the same time applied to the area enclosed by such a fence"(Polynesian 1846 in Kuykendall 1965:318). 13 14 Hawaiian cowboys,known as paniolo(Hawaiian word for"Spanish"),were brought in to help with the herds.Small herds were maintained in the kula lands during the summer months. They were moved upland during the drier months.The land was generally used for"pasture land for cattle...cattle grazing on the kula began as early as the 1840s,and by the mid-to late 1800s, the transition from cultivation to ranching had been completed"(Kelly 1983:79 in Scbilt 1984:14). One of the ranchers,Manuel Genres,purchased grazing lands in the ahupua`a of Wai`aha and Kahului from the defunct Kona Sugar Company in 1927,as well as land from private individuals in Hienaloli(Maly 1998).The Genres ranch also leased lands in Keahuolu, Holualoa,and Honua`ula,totaling about 7,000 acres of ranchland(Gomes pen.comm.in Maly 1998:A-36).The Greenwell Ranch was located in the northeastenr portion of the project area in the ahupua`a of`Auhaukea`c and Hienaloli(Clark and Rechtman 2004).Rock structures were constructed for use as pens,gates,paddock walls,boundary walls,and shelters. Stones were often obtained from earlier Hawaiian structures or made by modifying previously existing features(Maly 1998:A-16). Ranchers herded their cattle to Kailua Bay where they were shipped out.This process involved lassoing the cattle and pulling them into the bay,where they were lashed onto the gunwales ofwaitingwhaleboats and delivered to waiting ships.The last cattle were shipped out in 1956,when the deep harbor at Kawaihae supplanted the Kailua Harbor(Kona Historical Society 2000:22-23). Cattle ranching in the Kona region continued until the 1970s. Experimentation with export crops was conducted in the early 20th century.Coffee, sisal,sugarcane,Irish potatoes,oranges,and grapes were shipped to Honolulu markets and elsewhere. Following World War II,building in Kona increased.This included construction of the Kona Airport located at the northwest edge of Kailua between 1948 and 1950.The airport was used until 1970 when it was replaced by Kenhole Airport and the site converted to a state park. In addition to the airport,plans were made for the"Kailua-Keauhou Road,"designated Project No.S-229(1).The road,later renamed after Kuakini,connects the mauka(inland)government road to Palani Road and to the new airport road(Hammatt and Chiogioji 1996:14).The location of Kuakini Highway was surveyed in the 1950s(Kona Historical Society 1998:39). An aerial photograph shot before construction shows that Kuakini Highway does not follow an existing trail or roadway(Hammatt and Chiogioji 1996:14,Fig.11). Two historic trails are recorded in the area: the kaluula,the trail of Kealakowaa,which is the trail on which canoes were dragged from the uplands;and the ala loa,which is the main trail near the coast(Maly 1998:A-10). The plan for the Kailua portion of Kuakini Highway,dated August 5,1949,shows "existing stonewall fences,"none of which line the right-of-way,and notes,"All existing Stonewall Fences within thee[sic]Right-of-Way shall be removed and reconstructed at locations as indicated"(Hammatt and Chiogioji 1996:14). New"stonewall fences"and reconstructed fences are also indicated on both sides of the right-of-way for much of the corridor. 15 16 Table 5. Archaeological Projects Conducted Within and Near the Archaeological Survey Area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project,Organized from North to South. 111. PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS Ahupua'a TMK Level of Survey comments Report (author/date) 24 ahopuv a — inventory survey 134 sites comprising 455 features Schilt 1980 consisting of burials,calms, Within the past 30 years,there have been 29 archaeological projects carried out that caves,enclosures,platforms, include portions of land within the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project and a number of gardens,modified outcrops,trails, stone piles,and historic projects on adjacent parcels(Table 5). The locations of previous archaeological projects are 26 ahryina`a — onitoring monitoring fortheKuaKua features kini Toe jes 1986 shown in Figure 5.Table 6 provides abriefdescriprion of the archaeological projects,along with Highway Realignment Project for location]information(TMK and ahupua`a)and the authors and dates of the corresponding State of Hawaii[note-different reports. These projects indicate a high concentration of features located near Kailua and Oneo project corridor from the current Bay,many of which may be high status residences,agricultural fields,and ranching features. project];4.83 km x 91.5 in; buried deposits—many relating The earliest field survey in Kona occurred in 1970 when Kenneth Emory(1970) to sites recorded during previous recorded prominent sites in the district of Kona. Four ears later,the first archaeological archaeology;151ava tubes found, P y g with a burial investigation located within what is now the archaeological survey area for the Kuakini Highway Kenpu 7-54 exhumation Site 50-Ha-D8-30: removal of Han eta[.1986 Improvements Project was conducted(Connolly 1974).It consisted of a walk-through survey of 355 individuals from traditional a proposed road alignment,which intersects the western side of the archaeological survey area for cemetery the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project(TMK 7-5-009:25;see Fig.5). Identified features Lanihau, 7-5-04:24,28 archaeological 2,800-foot corridor along Kuakini Hammatt and included apard ally destroyed platform,Ili`ili(pebble)paving,and historic walls and enclosures. Moeauoa, and historical Highway with at least two Chiogi ji 1996 Kenpu, assessment, traditional Hawaiian burials in Honua`ula reconnaissance.sance TMK 7-5-07:28,and remnants of The following section details archaeological projects that have occurred along the survey a heiau complex at TMK 7-5- Kuakini Highway Improvements Project in the last 30years.The project are organized roughly 04:24 from north to south. Kona District — inventory survey examined sites in the Kona Emory 1970 D strict An archaeological surveyproject conducted onthenortheast side ofthe Kuakini Highway Honua`ula 7-5-07:2,9,10, inventory survey 3 sites with 14 features, Elmoreand Improvements Project(TMK 7-5-09:48)identified habitation sites,agricultural terraces,walls,and 27,28,68 consisting of a historic burial Kennedy 2000 caves(Donham and Kai 1990).Unlike the sites to the south and west,"The findings of this survey crypt,er enclosed burial site,and a luster oftraditional and 20th indicate that the portion of Hienaloli 6 between 90 and 120 fit AM SL was utilized during the century habitation features prehistoric and historic periods for relatively low-intensity agriculture and temporary habitation" Honua`ula 7-5-079 data recovery research design for habitation Site Elmore and (Denham and Kai 1990:20).Moore et al.(1997:9)conducted the data recovery project at the same plan 21740,a cluster of traditional and Kennedy 2003 location and attribute the"absence ofpennanent residential and ceremonial structures on the subject 20th century habitation features property...to destruction caused by modern development" Pua`a 1 and 7-5-09:21,23, reconnaissance .sance examined strip of land between Connolly 1974 `Auhaukea`e 25,37 survey two ahupua`a:6 sites with 2 feature each;walls,enclosures, Formal platforms and burial features were discovered in a parcel(TMK 7-5-009-31)on platforms,and coral the northwest side of Kuakini Highway,which intersects the current archaeological survey area for centrations Kuakini Highway Improvements Project(Sinoto 1980;Allen 1986;Wickler 1989,1990).Sinoto Pua`a 1 7-5-09:21,22 reconnaissance parcel bulldozed el 21: remnants of Soehren 1979 (1980:6)noted that the"utilization of coral pebbles in the fill of nearly all the structures"and the survey probable house site belonging to "proximity to Ahu`ena Heiau may indicate occupants of chiefly rank" During the inventory Lot Kapuaiwa(Kamehameha V), survey,`three petroglyphs and five pap—F'or game boards were found,which"suggested that numerous scattered marine shells and waterwom stones;parcel 22: leisure activities had been important at one time,a finding consistent with Smote's(1980) well prcserved house platform suggestion that all`i may have occupied the parcel during pre-modern times"(Allen 1986:59). Pu`a 1 7-5-09:23 reconnaissance Site 2005,or`Auhaukea`- M.Rosendahl survey Platform,consisting ofa 1988 habitation feature from the late prehistoric period to the early 20th century 17 18 Table 5. Archaeological Projects Conducted Within and Near the Archaeological Survey Area Table 5. Archaeological Projects Conducted Within and Near the Archaeological Survey Area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project(continued). for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project(continued). Ahupua`a TMK Level of Survey Comments Repauthorort date Ahupua`a TMK Level of Survey Comments (author/date) to Pu`a 1 7-5-09:23 analysis of artifacts indicate Site 2005 was Rosendahl and Hienaloli 6, 7-5-09:31 reconnaissance platforms suggesting ali'i may Sinoto 1980 portable remains occupied from the late prehistoric Delimont 1988 `Auhaukea`e survey have occupied the site during pre- period until the early 1900s; modem times fishing gear.lithics,and midden Hienaloli 6, 7-5-09:31 inventory Survey 11 platforms;historic house and Athens 1981 a were recovered from the `Auhaukea`e traditional work and/or traditional component;glass, agriculture-related with metal,and state from the historic traditional artifacts;papamu; component etro 1 hs;family cemetery Pua`a 2 TMK 3-7-5- reconnaissance Site 5610,consisting of52 Rosendahl 1978+ Hienaloli 6, 7-5-09:31 burial archaeological excavation of3 Athens 1981b 09:3,38,49,60, survey features,most ofwhich appearto `Auhaukea`c disinterment; historic burials;traditional 61,62 be recent feamms;traditional monitoring artifacts recovered from house features include an enclosure and platform a platform,which was found to Hienaloli 6, 7-5-09:31 inventory survey Site 50-Ha-D8-64,habitation site Allen 1986 cover multiple burials `Auhaukea`e probably occupied between ca. Pua`a 2 7-5-09:03,38, inventory survey 1 site with 52 features consisting Hommon 1979 1650 to 1935;consisting of 25 49,60,61,62 of a pre-Contact cemetery, features such as stone walls, terraces,mounds pits,walls,and enclosures,platforms,calm, platforms;no map included in the modified outcrops,depressions, report midden mat a and petomelvphs Pua`a 2 7-5-09:03 data recovery Site 2005,a habitation site with Corbin 2004 Hienaloli 6& 7-5-09:31 burial disinterment of3 historic burials Wickler 1989 Ian an associated midden `Auhaukea`c disinterment and at Site 50-Ha-D8-64 `Auhaukea`e 7-5-09:25,28, reconnaissance mall habitation sites;3 historic Hammatt and 1 monitoring 43 survey house platforms surounded by Borthwick 1987 Hienaloli 6, 7-5-09:31 burial disinterment of3 historic burials Wickler 1990 enclosing walls,probable burial, `Auhaukea`c disinterment and at Site 50-Ha-D8-64 modified bluffs;area now 1 monitoring developed Pua`a 2 7-5-0940 reconnaissance .sane Site 11059 containing 8 features Welch 1988 `Auhaukea`c 7-5-09:54,55 survey(not large site(Site 5608)with 75 Rosendahl+ survey such as boundary walls, submitted to features,including 3 major 1979a,1979b, platforms,cairn,lava bubble,and SHPD) structural features interpreted as 1981a,1981b, modified outcro possible heiau,34 possible 1981c Pua`a 2 7-5-0940 burial excavation and removal of two Wickler 1991a burials,5 confirmed burials;4 disinterment historic burials residential features,and other Pua`a 2 7-5-0940 burial excavation and removal of two Wickler 1991b features such as retaining walls,a disinterment historic burials walled terace,and a calm Pua`a 2 7-5-0940 inventory survey Site 11059 containing 8 features Clark and `Auhaukea`e 7-5-09:54 por. inventory survey portion of Site 5608,consisting of Clark and such as boundary walls, Rechtmam 2003 15 features such as a burial, Rechtmam 2004 platforms,cairn,lava bubble,and agricultural features,and an modified outcro activity area;Site 6392- Pua`a 2 7-5-0940 data recovery plan Site 11059 Fe 7-platform Desilets and Kuakini's Wall possibly utilized as a pre-Contact Rechtmam 2004 Hienaloli 1 7-5-08:12,22 reconnaissance sane historic house,grindstone,and Soehren 1978 shrine survey possible burial cave covered with Hienaloli 6 7-5-0948 inventory survey 13 sites and 17 feature Donham and Kai oral;no traditional sites found components consisting ofwalls, 1990 Hienaloli 6 7-5-09:30,59 reconnaissance boundary walls and historic Allen-Wheeler terraces,caves,modified outcrops I surveya le lantin s 1981 forhabimtiou,agri-fture,and boundaries 19 20 Table 5. Archaeological Projects Conducted Within and Near the Archaeological Survey Area Table 5. Archaeological Projects Conducted Within and Near the Archaeological Survey Area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project(continued). for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project(continued). Ahupua`a TMK Level of Survey Comments Repauthorort date (author/date) Ahupua`a TMK Level of Survey Comments Reprort date Hienaloli 6 7-5-0948 data recovery 11 of 13 sites underwent data Moore et al. Pua`a 2,3, 7-5-18:07,8 data recovery 3 sites: 15507-burial, Walker et al.1996 recovery investigations,including 1997 Wai`aha 1,2 modified outcrops;15511- examination ofKuakini Wall small cave with cultural (Site 6302);radiocarbon date of material;15526-platform A.D.1471-1676 at agricultural Kahului 2 7-5-19:01 reconnaissance 21 features recently disturbed Soehren 1976 site by bulldozing,-habitation, `Auhaukea`e 7-5-09:54 inventory survey portions of two previously Clark and burials,and ranchin 1 identified sites were recorded and Rechtman Kahului 1 7-5-19:05,38,40 inventory 7 sites consisting of habitation Hammatt and tested— 1 human burial was 2004 survey platforms,burial platform for Tomon-i-Tuggle uncovered;agricultural features an high status individual,and a 1978 and walls recorded heiau Wai`aha 1 7-5-17:6,7; assessment 28 sites consisting of 53 features Corbin and Kahului 1 7-5-19:05,38,40 data recovery platforms suggesting high Hammatt and and 2 7-5-18:73 survey such as boundary walls, Rosendald excavations and status individuals,likely Meeker 1979 habitation,possible ceremonial 2002 heiau associated with nearby heiau; features,possible burials, stabilization high status burial,and agriculture,and ranching features concentration of volcanic glass Wai`aha 7-5-10:85; inventory survey 26 sites,including pre-Contact Clark and artifacts 7-5-17:06 habitation sites consisting of a Rechtman Kahului 1st 7-5-19:05,38,40 inventory inventory survey performed to O'Hare and mo-tiered platform,smaller 2003 survey update survey conducted in Wolforth 1998 platforms,enclosures,boundary 1978;residential complexes, walls,possible burials, heiau,walls,burials agriculture,and ranching features Kahului 1 7-5-19:46 inventory paved areas on pahoehoe, Bare.1991 Wai`aha 1 7-5-10:85; data recovery plan for 10 sites-pre-Contact Rechtman survey boundary walls,and historic 7-5-17:06 plan habitation sites and agriculture 2004 house features Kahului 1&2 7-5-19:05,7,8,9 inventory 2 boundary walls and a Rechtmam and Wai`aha 1 7-5-18:07 inventory survey 27 sites consisting of41 features Corbin and survey permanent habitation terrace Hen 1999 such as walls,mounds,lava tube Gothar 2001+ Kahului 7-5-19:01 reconnaissance amawest of Kuakini Wall; Soehren 1976 caves,platforms,modified survey appeared recently bulldozed; outcrops,shrine,pavement,and platforms,burials,enclosures, a monsisting ofbuals, Rechtman n Wa`aha 1 7-5-18:08 inventory survey 2 17 s a monas isting of 103 Ching et al.1973; religious,habitation,ranching, 2000 survey features,such as platforms(4 Haun and Henry and agricultuml features with burials),enclosures,caim, 2004+,Rechbnan Wai`aha 1 7-5-1807 connaissance parcel has been extensively Barem 1991 walls,teraces,mounds,and and Henry 1999; bulldozed and no surface modified outcro s Soehren 1976 archaeological remains present Kahului 2 7-5-19:01 data recovery 5 sites Ching et al.1973; Wai`aha 1 7-5-1807 data recovery plan for 7 sites,consisting of 2 Haun and plan Haun and Henry plan lava tubes with possible burials, Henry 2001 2005+ habitation platform,and 4 + These archaeological reports are referenced in other reports,but were not available at SHPD. complexes Pua`a 2 and 7-5-18:07,08 inventory survey 20 sites consisting of 38+ Head et al. 3,Waiaha 1 features,such as modified 1994 and 2 outcrops,terraces,mounds,walls, lava tubes,paved areas, enclosures,and a trail; radiocarbon dates suggest some features may redate AD 1000. 21 22 a o•�;��•} � - > C.V fL w Ll a C1 a C?a` Ll a: K zo u c Y Mee{ �'►" ..� S riake�v � LAS y r+ ° p U �a 3 Q o Q 9 _ rn a^ rn d u u rn rtf V an d " 4.t A 42 ti e e » b V �a Qi to.. t o m O O vreweus surveys i, Maw o ., ",m."mo, = d o ::'M ,—.aw",sre: IL M. "re �s�.,n��"z-,� Sm SE m6cam�A mho Figwc S. Locations of p,cvioes e,checologicel p,ojccts�arthc Kuekmi Highwey. H 24 \ \\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \ \\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ » - - - - - 72 _ L \ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \ \ \ 9) \ \\\\\ }\/ \\�\\ 25 26 : : -- - - : ~ )%f§ - \ \\< ;§ j\ } { { { \ / \ 2 \) `_ \° : `t )/3 ) /:) - / �) - - L ; /§ \ /} 27 28 - \ 12 \ \\ \ \« \\ \s \a \ \\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\ / \\ \\\ \\ \\ \} \\ ) \\\\\\\ 29 30 Hammatt and Borthwick(1987)conducted a reconnaissance survey of aparcel south of graves(Clark and Rechtman 2003;Corbin and Rosendahl 2002;Rechtman 2004). This area is the previous parcel(TMK 7-5-009-31)that intersects what is now the western side of the also within the Kona Field System and likely was used historically for agriculture,as is reflected archaeological survey area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project(TMK 7-5-009:25, by the LCAs awarded in the area(Corbin and Rosendahl 2002:10). Between the 1920s and 28,43). Habitation features and burials were recorded on the parcel,which was described as: 1970s,the Gomes family conducted ranching on the parcel.They constructed anumber of cattle walls,pens,and other features,often using the stones from previously existing features. undoubtedly inhabited by persons ofhigh socio-political rank,especially during the late pre-historic and early historic times... The importance of the makai portion of The Kuakini Wall(Site 6302)is a significant site that roughly parallels the Kona coast. `Auhaukea`e as a residential area of ranking individuals is substantiated by land claims This large wall is about 8 fit high and extends from Kahulu`u to Keahuolu,a distance of made during the Great Mahele"(Hammatt and Borthwick 1987:4). ca.5.6 miles.It has been extensively recorded near the project area(Ching et al.1973;Clark and Rechtman 2003,2004;Corbin and Rosendahl 2002;Donham and Kai 1990;Hammatt and The presence of an old canoe landing,Oneo Landing,on the ocean-side of this parcel adds Meeker 1979;Hammatt and Tomonari-Tuggle 1978;Haun and Henry 2004,2005;Moore et al. further significance to the area.Although there is no sand at the landing now,sand was present 1997;Rechtman 2004;Rosendahl 1979a,1979b,1981 a,198lb,1981c).The wall once crossed prior to construction of the sea wall that fronts Kailua Bay(Hammatt and Borthwick 1987;Allen the project area at the intersection of Kuakini Highway and Walua Road.As mentioned earlier, 1986:6). this wall is likely an expansion or rebuilding of an older wall by Governor Kuakini to keep wild cattle out of gardens and residential areas.Examination of a portion of the wall in the ahupua`a Similar features are located on the east side(TMK 7-5-009:54 and 55)of Kuakini of Hienaloli 6 indicates that wall construction took the form of"three parallel rows of stacked Highway,and suggest the highway has artificially divided the sites,all of which appear to have vertical slabs... This may be an original design or may relate to successive construction been features of high-ranking individuals. Although the area has been surveyed, the episodes"(Moore et al.1997:19). archaeological reports have not been submitted to the State Historic Preservation Division(Mary Anne Mai get pers.comm.2005).The survey identified a large site,designated Site 5608,which Results ofthe previous archaeological investigations that have been conducted along the contains 75 features,including three major structural features interpreted as possible heiau archaeological survey area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project indicate that this area (Rosendahl 1979a,1979b,1981a,1981b,1981c in Clark and Rechtman 2004). was intensely occupied by high status individuals,probably from the time`Umi-a-Liloa moved his court to Kona in the early to mid-1500s.It is expected that features in this area may relate to Remnants of habitation features were identified during a walk-through survey(TMK the kauhale(compounds)of these high status individuals and include platforms,religious 7-5-009.25)in what is now the mid-west side of the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project features,gardens,and burials. (Soehren 1979).Lot Kapuaiwa(Kamehameha V)once owned the parcel.Bulldozing conducted prior to 1979 disturbed features that once may have been platforms. Additional features from high status residences were recorded in the west side of Pua`a Ahupua`a(TMK 7-5-009:40),in the mid-west portion of the archaeological survey area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project.These include habitation platforms,modified outcrops, and boundary walls(Welch 1988;Desilets and Rechtman 2004). Historical documentation also reveals that the ahupua`aofPua`awns royal land(Welch 1988:3).The"famous surfbathingresort in Kamehameha's time,"called Kahopuka,is located at the seaward end of Pua`a Ahupua`a (Emerson 1883). The area along the shoreline,about 200 m inland,`Seas used primarily for permanent habitation and other non-agricultural activities,such as canoe storage,ceremonial and burial practices,recreation,and fishing-related activities"(Desilets and Rechtman 2004:4). Archaeological investigations near the southwest portion of the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project(see Fig.5)have recorded complexes of small platforms,which date to the late pre-Contact/early historic period,two heiau,burials,boundary walls,and agricultural features;other features include historic house sites and ranching features (Soehren 1976; Hammatt and Tomonari-Tuggle 1978;Hammatt and Meeker 1979;Head et al.1994;Walker et al.1996;Rechtman 2000;Corbin and Gothar 2001;O'Hare and Wolforth 1998). Archaeological investigations intersecting the southeast portion of the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project(TMK 7-5-10:85;7-5-17:06;see Fig.5)have documented habitation sites, ceremonial features,clearing mounds,agricultural features,ranching features,and possible 31 32 -iW A. �A LJ Previous Surveys GPS N91b� eaeeon ors te=�•N A IV. INVENTORY SURVEY RESULTS Twenty archaeological sites,consisting of 25 features,were identified during the t inventory survey within the archaeological survey area for the Kuakim Highway Improvements Project. Sixteen of these sites were recorded during earlier surveys(Fig.6;see Table 6).The present survey collected data about each of the features for comparison and management purposes. Sites 5606(Features(BBB,CCC,DDD,and WWW),6300,6302,7248, 11059 (Feature 8),15508,22057,23662,23665,23666,26100,26101,26102,and the Memorial, designated Site 21189,are located within the API;. Those located outside the APE include �. Feature 4 ofSite 11059 and Sites 15514,22045,22054,23686(Features 187,188,189,190,191, and 197),and 26099. SITE INVENTORY AND DISTRIBUTION \ Although"site"identification is necessary for management purposes,most ofthe project area is best characterized as part of an archaeological landscape with concentrations of structures along the coast. "This means that there is some archaeological evidence or indication of past activity over extensive areas"(Tuggle and Tomonari-Tuggle 2005:27). I sa�, e3Bjp1 Site recording in Kailua-Kona varies from project to project rather than reflecting the archaeological landscape.Archaeologists have used different methods of site recording,often Pce,s�nn constrained without permission to examine the sites in neighboring parcels.Sites may bedefined as entire complexes with the structures identified as features;sites may also be defined as individual structures;and finally,sites may be defined by function as well as period(e.g.,historic ranching features provided one site another whereas Hawaiian features within the same area were assigned different numbers). It is important,therefore,to look at sites and features identified •a"=�°ten°^° °°°� within the survey corridor as components ofthe larger archaeological landscape. \ INVESTIGATION PROCEDURES The inventory survey consisted of walking transects within the project corridor parallel ° to Kuakini Highway. Locations of all features encountered during the survey were recorded using a Trimble Pro-XR Global Positioning System(GPS)based on real time differential corrections using the Universal Trans Mercator(UTM)coordinate system with the North American Datum of 1983(NAD-83).The GPS points are included in Appendix A. _- . Tape and compass reaps were drawn of all the features except walls,the shapes and locations ofwhich were recorded using the GPS and plotted onto the USGS map.Photographs, - notes,and measurements were recorded on site farms. 12,.6. Archacolagsal sites re MW in the archaeological s gems for the Knakini Highway lmpr--nN - Pmjcct,i,c1u,—a,y significant sites. 33 The site includes three major structural features...that were interpreted as"possible SITE DESCRIPTIONS heiau"(Rosendahl 198l e).Of the remaining seventy-two features recorded on the two parcels,twenty-nine are listed as possible burials,five are confirmed burials,and three This section provides summary descriptions of all sites recorded in the present project. others are considered probable burials(Rosendahl 198lb).Also,four of the recorded Table 7lists the archaeological sites identified during the archaeological survey for the Kuakini features were interpreted as possible residential,eight as retaining walls,one as a Highway Improvements Project as well as the inadvertently discovered human remains below possible cairn,one as a bedrock activity area,one as a possible walled terrace,one as a g y P J y storage feature,one as a modem construction,and sixteen were of unknown or Kuakini Highway.Sites identified during previous archaeological projects are listed in Table 6, undetermined functions. in the previous section. GPS data is included in Appendix A. Select photographs of the archaeological features are presented in Appendix B,and feature maps in Appendix C. During the current survey,six features previously identified within Site 5608 were possibly located and recorded.Only brief descriptions of the features and a site map are available Site numbers are listed as either State Inventory of Historic Places(SHIP)number, (Rosendahl 1979a,1979b,1981a,1981b,1981c;Clark and Rechtman 2004). which are the official designations by the State Historic Preservation Division(SHPD),or Bishop Museum numbers if State Site Numbers do not appear to have been assigned. State Site Much of this site area is being re-zoned from A-la to Open District by the County of Numbers are preceded by"50-10-28"indicating the State of Hawaii,island of Hawaii,and Hawaii with a"prohibition of any development or improvement of that area in such away as to USGS topographic quadrangle.They will generally be referred to within this report without their interfere with or negatively affect the archaeological and historic features of such area,as prefix.Bishop Museum numbers are preceded by"50-Ha-DS"indicating the State of Hawaii, determined by the State Historic Preservation Officer"(Kona Hale Alii Rezoning Application in island of Hawaii,District of North Kona,and the number assigned to the ahupua`a.Their entire RC-0205;County of Hawaii State of Hawaii Bill No.367 Ordinance No.05 74 2005:5-6).At site number will be included within the report so as not to confuse them with designated State this time,however,no archaeological invemorysurvey or preservation plan has been submitted to Site Numbers. SHPD(Mary Anne Maigret,pens.comm.2005). Table 7. Archaeological Sites Identified during the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project Inventory Survey or not included in Previous Archaeological Reports. Feature Q Site Description Inferred Within Within Current Status Nnmhm enncuon Proposed Proposed Feature Q,a cultural deposit,is shown on Rosendahl's site location maps on the east side APE' Limib of of Kuakini Highway across from Coconut Grove Market Place(Rosendahl 1979a,1979b,1981a, Construction 1981b,1981c;Clark and Rechtman 2004). Although the feature is described as being located 26099 mooed;3.1.2.7 mand dcafing, No No ....11 t..diton below the boundary wall,later designated as Site 23666,it was not observed during the 0.45 m high agricohom archaeological survey or GIS mapping of Site 23666 for the Kuakini Highway Improvements 26100 C-shaped wall;2 x 1 m and temp. Ycs No xc.11—condition 0.5mhigh habirafion Project.This area was covered in high grass,which may have obscured the feature;alternatively, 26101 mtificd outcrop;5.5 x 3.0 m dcadng, Ycs No poor condition the feature may have been destroyed. A feature description indicates that the feature is: and 1.9 m high,marine shell a hmg and possible mmnant paving an occupation area situated between the pavement of Kuakini Highway and the stone to the north boundary wall along the seaward boundary...it was observed that a portion of the 26102 rollapscd lava bubble with temp. Ycs No poor condition; cultural deposit probably extended several meters further inland—beneath the boundary mall amount ofmarinc shell habitation impacmd by wall[Site 23666]... bulldozing Not inadvcrrut discovery of human Ycs Ycs unknown The eroding exposed face ofthe deposit—cut during the mad construction—indicated the assigned human remains presence of a cultural deposit estimated to be possibly as much as 30 cm.thick... * APE—Area of Potential Effect The surface of the ground immediately to the north of a large pahoehoe bedrock outcrop SITE 5608 was littered with abundant midden remains—principally marine mollusc[sic]shell and sea urchin spines and fragments,and numerous coral and waterworn basalt pebbles and Site 5608,consisting of75 features,is located on the north east side of Kuakini Highway small cobbles. A cursory inspection of the pahoehoe outcrop on the south side of (TMK 7-5-09:54 and 55)in the ahupua`a of`Auhaukea`e.Although Rosendahl(1979a,1979b, Feature Q noted three shallow depressions and a small mortar or cup(Rosendahl 1981a,1981b,and 1981c)recorded the site,an archaeological report has not been submitted to 1981 a:9,brackets added). SHPD. Clark and Rechtman(2004:ii)summarize Rosendahl's findings. 35 36 Features BBB,CCC,and DDD Features FEE and W W W Features BBB,CCC,and DDD are located on the east side of Kuakini Highway across On the Rosendahl site map(Rosendahl 1979a,1979b,1981a,1981b,1981c;Clark and from the Coconut Grove Marketplace.Each featurewas described as aplatform and identified as Rechtman 2004:6),Features FEE and W W W are shown at the northwest end of the Rosendahl a probable burial by Rosendahl(Rosendahl 1979a,1979b,1981a,1981b,1981c;Clark and project area,which is now across from the Coconut Grove Marketplace. Feature FEE is Rechtman 2004:8). The site map drawn by Rosendahl and shown in his reports indicates these described as a platform and Feature W W W as an occupation area(Rosendahl 1981a:14-15). features are clustered together just east of Kuakini Highway across from what is now the Coconut Grove Marketplace. During the current survey,a disturbed scatter of coral and marine shell was found in this same location.The scatter is spread out in a ca.10 m diameter on a pahoehoe outcrop.It appears During the current survey,a platform(Photo 1)with adjacent terraces was discovered to have been disturbed by bulldozing.The pahoehoe is stepped,forming natural ledges.On one in the same area. This feature maybe one or all of the three features recorded by Rosendahl. ledge,a small lava blister is present. It is 80 crn wide,51 crn high,and 2 m deep. No cultural It is also possible that additional features are located beyond the archaeological survey area and material was present within the blister. not observed. Although the Feature FEE platform,was not relocated,itmay be situated outside of the The platform recorded duringthe survey is rectangular in shape,6.5 by 21 in,and 0.25 to archaeological survey area or was destroyed,possibly when the car dealership to the north was 0.4 to high(two to three courses).The feature exhibits interior divisions.The northeast corner is constructed. Feature W W W is likely the coral and marine shell scatter recorded. slightly raised and contains numerous pieces of branch coral. An upright basalt boulder sized rock is located at the northeast comer. The southwest corner of the feature is a cleared area defined by a single course of rocks along the north and west edges.Numerous pieces of coral are SITE 6300 also present in this area. The southeast portion of the platform is wider than the upper portion, giving the appearance of an L-shaped notch. Site 6300 is described as a historic boundary wall on the west side of Kuakini Highway (O'Hare and Wolforth 1998). The wall marks the northern boundary of Kahului Ahupua`a.At Stone is concentrated on the west side of the feature along the natural slope,which its northeast end it turns south and parallels Kuakini Highway.The west side ofthe wall parallels may be the remnants of a lower terrace feature,12 by 7 to and 0.4 to high. Two small Ali`i Drive. Mrs.Makuaknne,a resident descended from several family lines from this area, L-shaped terraces(2 x 2 m)are adjacent to the platform: one on the southwest side of the confirmed that these were boundary walls,which had to be rebuilt to keep the cattle out of the platform and one on the southeast side. In addition,a single course of rocks is present on the house lots and backyard gardens(Makuakane in O'Hare and Wolforth 1998:1-9).Details of the eastern side of the feature,forming a scalloped pattern;interior divisions are visible. Stones wall morphology,recorded during an inventory survey by O'Hare and Wolforth(1998),indicate arranged in a rectangular(ca.1.5 x 1.0 m)enclosure north of the feature appear to have been that the wall is faced and core-filled,about 1.2 to 1.7 to wide and 0.7 to 1.6 to high.The section constructed by squatters. This area appears to be currently occupied by squatters,it was not of the walI adjacent to Kuakini Highway"has several large breaches.These cuts into the wall are examined in detail. usually associated with drainage culverts,which were probablyplaced during construction of the highway.It has also suffered from natural erosion,because inmany places it is built at the top of a steep gully"(O'Hare and Wolforth 1998:2-1).The walls were"probably constructed after the Great Mahele,when the area was first divided into separate lots"(O'Hare and Wolforth 1998:2-1). The east section and eastern end of the north section of this wall were located and mapped with GPS within the archaeological survey area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project. This wall is constructed of stacked,faced as clinkers. Both the Kuakini Highway and Walua Road abut the wall,indicating the roads were constructed after the wall.Asalsonotedby O'Hare and Wolforth(1998),portions of the wall were observed to have collapsed naturally, have been bulldozed,or covered with trash and debris. SITE 6302 Photo 1. Site 5608,platform Features BBB,CCC,and DDD,view to southeast. Rectangular platform is 6.5 by 21 in and ca.25 to 40 cm height. Site 6302,also known as the Kuakini Wall,is a large wall that extends from Kahulu`u to Keahuolu. Since this wall is long,it crosses through a number of parcels and thus has been 37 38 recorded by numerous archaeologists(Ching et al.1973;Clark and Rechtman 2003,2004; far enough below surface that the proposed work will have"no effect'on this significant historic Corbin and Rosendahl 2002;Denham and Kai 1990;Hammatt and Meeker 1979;Hammatt and site"(Wilson 1998).The cave was not entered or mapped during the archaeological survey for Tomonari-Tuggle 1978;Haun and Henry 2004,2005;Moore et al.1997;Rechtman 2004; the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project,because the entrances are located outside of the Rosendahl 1979a,1979b,1981a,1981b,1981c). The wall averages 8 ft in height and is core archaeological survey area for the current project. filled and faced on both sides.Moore et al.(1997)noted two possible construction phases,which would support the idea that Kuakini modified a pre-existing wall. SITE 11059 A small section of Kuakini Wall is present within the archaeological survey area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project.It is located on the east side of the highway,north of Site 11059 is located in the ahupua`a of Pua`a which was awarded as LCA 7715 to Lot Walua Road and it is 1.1 to 1.5 m high on the west(downhill)side and about 0.8 m high on the Kapuaiwa,who became known as Kamehameha V.The LCA listing indicates Kapuaiwa had a east(inland)side,due to build-up of the sediment against the wall.The width varies from 1.1 to house on the parcel.Following his death in 1872,part ofthe land was sold and the other part was 1.3 m.The base of the wall is constructed of large,tabular pieces of subangular,vesicular basalt returned to the government(Welch 1988). boulders. Rocks,consisting of both as clinkers and subangular vesicular basalt cobbles and boulders,have been stacked generally six high to form the exterior facing.The fill is composed During the reconnaissance survey conducted by Welch(1988),eight features were of as and vesicular basalt pebbles and small cobbles. The wall extends north,beyond the identified within Site 11059. Two of these(Features 4 and 8) are located within the archaeological survey area.The southern terminus of this wall section abuts an old,wooden post archaeological survey area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project. and wire fence.Kuakini Highway has breached the wall to the south.The wall begins again just west ofarchaeological survey area and continues in a southeast direction.Sample portions ofthe wall were recorded by GPS. Feature 4 Feature 4 is described as"a small oval mound of stacked basalt cobbles and small SITE 7248 boulders,approximately 3.2 by 2.3 m and 80 cm high,is located about 12 m makai ofthe mauaa wall near the north boundary. It does not appear to be faced and is probably a clearing pile" Site 7248 is assigned to the Thurston House ruins and its associated features.Thurston (Welch 1988:9). House is outside the APE.Itlocated ca.250 m eastof thenorth end ofthe archaeological survey area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project and west of Kuakini Wall. One of the During the current project,a mound was found in roughly the same location. The features associated with Thurston House is Laniakea Cave,which extends from theruins to Hale measurements differ slightly,possibly due to disturbances since the reconnaissance survey.The Halawai in Kai lua and thus passes underneath Kuakini Highway(approximate location of the roughly oval-shaped mound,constructed on apahoehoe outcrop,is 3.7 by 1.9 m and 0.58 mhigh. cave is shown on Fig.6). The underlying pahoehoe continues towards both the east and west. Filled crevices were apparent,which may indicate remnants of a trail or other activity. Ellis explored the cave in the early 19th century and described it as a"spacious cavern" where women,children,and elderly persons could be hidden during an assault(Ellis 1963:62). In 1980,sections of the cave had collapsed and the entrance was choked with debris(Soehren Feature 8 1980 in Kelly and Barr€re1980:16). When archaeologist Tyler Paikuli-Campbell entered the cave,he found that the entrance near the Thurston House was disturbed by squatters(pers.comm. Feature 8 consists ofrock walls that surround most ofthe property.The walls are"built 2005). While he was inside the cave,he observed a small opening covered by a grate.Paikuli- of basalt boulders and cobbles stacked from 50 to 120 cm high. These are most likely historic Campbell postulated that the grate may be the same one located southeast ofthe intersection of walls since they follow historically defined boundaries. Both the west and east walls were Hualalai Road and Kuakini Highway. Waste products and debris have been dumped into the probably segments of long,continuous walls that formerly ran along Alii Drive and Kuakini cave via this opening,causing an accumulation of sediment and muck within the cave at this Highways"(Welch 1988:9). point. No cultural materials were observed in the cave around this area;however,cultural materials could be concealed below the sediment. The western entrance to the cave near Hale Feature 8 was recorded within the archaeological survey area for the Kuakini Highway Hal awai is blocked.Paikuli-Campbell also described large concrete pillars that maybe in place Improvements Project.It is located along the northern boundary ofTMK 7-5-09:40,and parallel within the cave to support Kuakini Highway. to Kuakini Highway.The northern boundary wall is located 14 mnorth of Feature 4."Ihewall in this location is core filled and faced on both sides. It is 1.5 m high on the north side(7 courses) A Section 106 Compliance Letter issued by SHPD,indicates that a field inspection and 0.95 m high on the south side(5 courses),and 0.75 m wide. The height difference may be conducted by Marc Smith,SHPD staff archaeologist,and Thomas Pack,County of Hawaii due to landscaping on the condominium grounds located immediately north of the wall. Department of Public Works,noted that"It appears to us that the roof of the cave(a lava tube)is 39 40 SITE 15508 The memorial was erected above the human remains which were left in place about 8 feet below the sidewalk along the west side of Kuakini Highway(Cisco 2001:1). Site 15508 is a ranching wall recorded by Head et al.(1994),Corbin and Gothar(2001), and Haun and Henry(2001).It is described as a"probable late historic/historic animal husbandry (cattle control)or boundary[wall].It extends mauaa-makai for approximately 220.0+m between SITE 22045(POSSIBLE) Ali`i Drive and Kuakini Highway,and probably originally extended farther,inboth directions... Based on location,the wall may demarcate the boundary between Pua`a 2-3 and Waiaha 1-2" Two modified outcrop were observed in the area designated as Site 22045,as indicated (Head et al.1994:19).The presence of agricultural features nearby suggests the walls may have on the Haun and Henry(2001:4)site map. Although the report shows the site location,it does also functioned to keep cattle out. not discuss it and no reference is made regarding form or function;therefore the word"possible" follows the site number.This likely is presented in the Corbin and Gothar(2001)report,which The wall is located within the archaeological survey area for the Kuakini Highway was not available at the SHPD library. Improvements Project. GPS locations of the feature were recorded and are presented in Appendix A. Notes regarding wall dimensions are also provided. One modified outcrop consists of a stone pile along the base and top of an outcrop,2.8 by 5.0 m and 30 cm high. It may be a clearing mound or a remnant of a disturbed feature. Although it resembles a paving,it lacks distinct morphology. SITE 15514 The other modified outcrop,located east,adjacent to Site 22057(wall),is a stone Site 15514 is a ranching wall recorded by Head et al.(1994),Corbin and Gothar(2001), concentration 5 by 1.4 m in size and 0.2 to 0.5 m high. The feature may be a clearing pile or a and Haun and Henry(2001).It is described as a`late historic/historic wall that was used for the stockpile of stone for wall building. control of domestic animals(cattle,swine,horses,etc.)"(Head et al.1994:20). The wall,Site 15514,is located within the archaeological survey area for the Kuakini SITE 22053(POSSIBLE) Highway Improvements Project.GPS locations ofthe feature were recorded and are presented in Appendix A. Notes regarding wall dimensions are also provided. An L-shaped historic wall was discovered in the same area as Site 22053,as indicated on the Haun and Henry(2001:4)site map.Although the report shows the site,it does not discuss it and no reference is made regarding form or function;therefore the word"possible"follows the SITE 21189(MEMORIAL) site number. This likely is presented in the Corbin and Gothar(2001)report,which was not available at the SHPD library. Site 21189 consists of human remains inadvertently discovered during grubbing activities associated with development of the Coconut Grove Marketplace. The remains were The L-shaped wall is a faced,cobble-filled wall adjacent to the western wall along uncovered on 29 January 1998,below a house platform located within the county right-of-way Kuakini Highway(Site 22057). It is about 0.7 to 1.02 m high and 1.2 to 1.4 m wide. It is (Smith 1998:1).A stone and concrete memorial on the sidewalk adjacent to the Coconut Grove constructed of five courses of vesicular basalt boulders and large cobbles. Although the wall Marketplace currently mark their location.Another set of human remains was found within the does not abut Site 22057,scattered rock suggests it may have at one time.The east-west portion same platform about 7 m away on private property. of the wall is 13 m long and the north-south portion is 17 m long. The human remains within the county right-of-way were approximately 70 cm below Another wall segment,designated as possible Site 22054,extends west from possible surface,in a matrix offine silt containing cultural midden.Although the burial appeared to have Site 22053. been articulated,portions were disturbed and severely weathered.The remains are believed to be from one individual,over 50 years of age,and of Native Hawaiian ancestry(Hibbard 1998:1). SITE 22054(POSSIBLE) The human remains are not directly associated with an individual or family,although Ruby McDonald notes they could represent a relative of Keopdolani(Ruby McDonald inPrasad Remnants of a wall feature were observed in the area designated as Site 22054,as 2006:19). They may also belong to the Kamaka family(Auntie Josephine in Prasad 2006:20), indicated on the Haun and Henry(2001:4)site map. Although the report shows the site,it does but McDonald thought the Kamaka family lived farther away from the location where the not discuss it and no reference is maderegarding form or function;therefore the word"Possible" remains were found. follows the site number.This likely is presented in the Corbin and Gothar(2001)report,which was not available at the SHPD library. 41 42 The wall remnant consists of what appears to be the base portion of a wall. Parallel originally recorded,it has been dismantled and rebuilt with concrete(Rechtman pers.comm. alignments of large cobbles and boulders are present with smaller pebbles and cobbles between 2005). them.The wall remnant continues for ca.23 m,and then becomes scattered stone.It is oriented at 95 degrees true north. It is about 2 m wide and varies between 20 and 40 cm high. The reconstructed wall was located during the archaeological survey of the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project. The GPS positions were recorded and are presented in Appendix A. SITE 22057 Site 22057 is the faced,cobble-filled wall that parallels Kuakini Highway along its west SITE 23666 side,within the ahupua`a of Wai`aha 1. It is shown as a continuous feature on the site location map in Haun and Henry(2001:4). Site 23666 is the wall east of Kuakini Highway. This feature extends in a north-south direction parallel to Kuakini Highway along the length of the Kuakini Highway Improvements The wall,Site 22057,was located during the survey within the archaeological survey Project(Clark and Rechtman 2003;Corbin and Rosendahl 2002;Rechtman 2004).It is described area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project. It was likely constructed as both a as amodern stonewall and property boundary(Corbin and Rosendahl 2002:15;Haun and Henry boundarywall and a cattle wall to keep the livestock from wandering onto Kuakini Highway and 2001:4).Rosendahl's site map for Site 5608 also shows this wall,however it does not provide a into gardens and houselots.It is probable that it was constructed in the 1950s when the Kuakini site or feature number for it(Rosendahl 1979a,1979b,1981a,1981b,1981c;Clark and Rechtman Highway was built. Much of the wall has been removed;only portions of it remain in the 2004),simply describing it as a boundary wall along Kuakini Highway. southern end.Bougainvillea has been planted around these portions.GPS locations of the wall fragments were recorded and are presented in Appendix A.Notes regarding wall dimensions are Site 23666 was located during the archaeological survey for the Kuakini Highway also provided. Improvements Project.The walI appears to once have been a continuous feature on the east side of Kuakini Highway;however,there are numerous breaks now due to the impacts of driveways and development projects.It was likely constructed as both a boundary wall and a cattle wall to SITE 23662 keep the livestock from wandering onto the highway.It is probable that it was constructed in the 1950s when the Kuakini Highway was built.The GPS positions were recorded and are presented Site 23662 is awalled enclosure constructed for ranching purposes(Clark and Rechtman in Appendix A. 2003;Corbin and Rosendahl 2002;Rechtman 2004).This feature functioned as a"cattle loading corral"(Corbin and Rosendahl 2002:14).The map ofthe feature indicates that cattle were herded from the pasture located west into the corral,where they were then guided into smaller chambers SITE 23686 within the corral that led into vehicles(Rechtman 2004:4). Site 23686 is described as"the entire archaeological agricultural landscape"within The portion of Site 23662 adjacent to Kuakini Highway was mapped using a tape and TMKs 3-7-5-10:85 and 3-7-5-17:06(Rechtman 2004:30).The site consists of 297 agricultural compass and its positions recorded with the GPS.The interior wall,oriented at 150 degrees true features that are likely part of the Kona Field System(Site 6601).Although the features extend north,is 21 m long,0.8 m wide,and 1.2 m high. It terminates at the northwest end at a over two parcels,they are concentrated in the southeast portion of the parcels,possibly due to reconstructed boundary wall designated as Site 23665(Rechtman pen.comm.2005).A gate was less historic disturbance in this area. once present at the southeast end,as indicated by wooden posts. There is a gap of 3.5 mat this point and another wall(second wall),oriented at 88 degrees true north,extends beyond the gap. Six features(Features 187 through 191 and 197)within Site 23686 are also within the A third wall(Site 23666)parallels Kuakini Highway and intersects with the second wall to form archaeological survey area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project.These features are the corral.A cattle ramp,constructed of basalt cobbles and boulders,is present at the northwest described below. comer of the corral.The ramp is a rectangle,3.8 by 4.4 m,extending up from ground level in the east to 1 m in height on the west side. The feature may have been in use until the 1970s,when cattle ranching in the area ended. Feature 187 Feature 187 is described as a rectangular mound,3.0 by 1.7 m and 0.8 m high(Rechtman SITE 23665 2004:35). The mound rests on bedrock and the edges are generally stacked,although portions have collapsed. A test unit excavated at this feature uncovered a waterworn coral fragment Site 23665 is a boundary wall located between the ahupua`a of Wai`aha 1st and Pua`a (Rechtman 2004:35). 3rd(Clark and Rechtman 2003;Corbin and Rosendahl 2002;Rechtman 2004).Sincethesitewas 43 44 A small rock mound was discovered in the same location during the archaeological Feature 190 survey area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project. An orange flag,observed at the feature,indicates it is Temp.Site 11,Feature C.The feature consists ofpiled stone,3.0 by 2.7 m Feature 190 is described as a linear modified outcrop,3.9 by 2.3 m and 0.9 m high and 0.85 m high.A trail appears to recently have been cleared through the middle of the feature, (Rechtman 2004:35). and the stones have been tossed to the side. The trail extends in a 286-degree true north direction. Feature 190 was not located during the archaeological survey area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project.It was likely hidden by the grass or located outside the project corridor. Feature188 Feature 188 is described as a modified outcrop 3.5 by 2.7 m and 1.0 m high(Rechtman Feature 191 2004:35).Arectangular,stacked cobble and boulder mound was discovered in approximately the same location within the archaeological survey area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Feature 191 is described as a linear modified outcrop,4.4 by 2.1 m and 0.8 m high Project. An orange flag was observed at the feature,indicating it is Temp.Site 11,Feature B. (Rechtman 2004:35). The mound is 2.1 by 1.1 m and 0.85 m high.Although the mound resembles the one mapped and photographed in Rechtman(2004:40-41),it varies in size and shape.It is possible that the mound Feature 191 was not observed during the archaeological survey area for the Kuakini was reconstructed following testing,and is thus the same feature recorded by Rechtman. No Highway Improvements Project.It was likely hidden by the grass or located outside the project cultural material was observed during excavation. corridor. Feature 189 Feature197 Feature 189 is described as an irregular mound,2.4 by 2.3 m and 0.7 m high. "The Feature 197 is described as a rectangular mound,6.0 by 2.3 m and 1.1 m high.When mound rests on exposed bedrock and may have been formerly stacked around its edges,but is the archaeological survey area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project is overlaid onto now largely collapsed. A small rounded piece of coral was found resting on the feature's the map in Rechtman(2004:31),this feature is shown as being located along the east boundary southwest corner'(Rechtman 2004:35). of the project area. A feature found at about the same location during the archaeological survey area for the An elongated mound was discovered in this same location during the archaeological Kuakini Highway Improvements Project consists of a stone terrace constructed against a survey for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project.The elongated mound,7.5 by 1.0 m in pahoehoe outcrop. An orange flag was observed at the feature,indicating it is Temp.Site It, size and 2.5 m high,is truncated by the presence of a recently cleared trail. The section of the Feature E. The mound,2.3 by 2.2 m and 0.5 m high,is constructed of vesicular basalt cobbles feature northeast of the trail consists of dispersed rock. Although differences between the two and boulders stacked and piled against the west edge of the outcrop. It is raised on three sides, features suggest they may not be the same feature,it is possible Rechtman(2004)focused on the creating a small terrace.A small section of the west edge appears intact with three courses and a southwestern portion of the feature that is better preserved.Examination of the feature suggests vertical face. The remaining edges are less distinct and tumbled. Although the surface is not that it may be a wall remnant,possibly a kuaiwi. level,a few slab-like basal trocks suggest that it was atone time.The interior appears to be filled with smaller cobbles. Feature 191 is located ca.8 m to the southwest. SITE 26099 A modified outcrop was observed southeast of Feature 189 during the archaeological survey area for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project. This feature does not appear to Site 26099 is located in the southeast portion of the project area,designated TMK 7-5- have been previously recorded. Since it is associated with Feature 189,no new feature number 17:5,about 20 m east of Kuakini Highway at the edge of the survey corridor.No archaeological was assigned.It is a poorly defined feature located on a pahoehoe outcrop,and it appears that a reports are on file at SHPD for this area,nor were any archaeological surveys known to have possible alignment was present along the northwest side and two possible circular arrangements been conducted in this parcel. of rocks are located in the northern section. The area of modified stone is ca.10 m in diameter. Site 26099 is a stacked rock mound,3.1 by 2.7 m and 0.45 m high. The rock mound may be a clearing mound or an agricultural feature.Although no other features were present in the area,concentrations of rocks were apparent in the high grass. Inspection of these rocks 45 46 revealed the presence of bedrock outcrops. High grass in this section of the project area may SITE 26101 have hidden additional features. Site 26101 consists of a modified outcrop at Site 23362(cattle pen).The outcrop is 5.5 by 3.0 m and 1.9 m high,and consists of a natural,raised pahoehoe hill that appears to have been SITE 26100 quarried for stone,possibly to make the adjacent walls(Sites 23362,23365,and 23666).A light scatter of marine shells and waterworn coral pebbles is located north of the raised pahoehoe Site 26100 is located in the southeast portion of the project area,designated TMK 7-5- outcrop. East of the marine shells is a concentration of waterworn stones. If the marine shell 17:2, about 5 m east of the wall on the east side of Kuakini Highway(Photo 2). No scatter and possible paving remnant are features from atraditional Hawaiiansite,theyhavebeen archaeological reports are on file at SHPD for this area,nor were any archaeological surveys very disturbed,most likely from cattle. known to have been conducted in this parcel. Site 26100 is a C-shaped structure constructed of stacked pebble and cobble sized as SITE 26102 clinkers. The feature is built on the edge of an as lava flow and opens up to the southwest,or down slope. The feature is 2.0 by 1.0 m in size and 0.2 to 0.5 m high. The interior appears Site 26102 is a collapsed lava blister,located east of Kona Mansions,with a small artificially leveled and paved with small as clinkers.This feature may have functioned as a amount of marine shells present. The surrounding area has been graded and leveled for temporary habitation site.No other features were observed in the area,however,the vegetation, construction. This portion of the site is the only remaining original ground. Tracks from a consisting of high grass,introduced succulents,and koa haole,was very thick,which obscured bulldozer are apparent over the collapsed lava blister. visibility. The collapsed area is 4.1 by 1.9 m. A small amount of coral and cowrie shells are present within the collapse. It is not apparent whether the collapse conceals a buried lava tube chamber. INADVERTENT DISCOVERY OF HUMAN REMAINS Human remains were discovered along Kuakini Highway in February 2006 during construction activities for the Kuakini Highway 16-Inch Waterline Improvements Project, following the archaeological survey for the current project.The remains were discovered below the existing Kuakini Highway roadbed near the northeast comer of TMK 7-5-009.21 within the existing Kuakini Highway right-of-way.Analysis of the remains is currently being undertaken by Rechtman Consulting to determine if the remains were part of an in situ burial feature or in a - secondary context within road construction fill(Mary Anne Maigret pers.comm.March 2006). i Photo 2. Site 26100,C-shape constructed of as clinkers. Tape measure indicates 1 m,view to southeast. 47 48 V. EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS $ This section discusses the significance of archaeological sites within the proposed APE a (Area of Potential Effect) for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project and presents ��* I i „yo previously preliminary �oG g Y project. proposed mtrecommendations for revtousl identified sites and relirruna recommendations for features identified during the survey for this ro�ect.Figures 7a to 7c show the location of the APE along Kuakini Highway. The proposed APE for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project is ananowwedge of e a land that passes through nine traditional ahupua`a in Kailua-Kona providing a glimpse of the archaeological landscape. The coastal portion was settled by high status Hawaiians. Their homes consisted of complexes of habitation features, activity areas, and gardens. Other Hawaiians also lived in the area,often as fanners working in the Kona Field System,as ♦ f�� �' fishermen,or as support for the ali`i. As Kona entered the 19th century,the way of life for Hawaiians changed. The traditional home with its compounds became a single structure,and boundary walls were constructed to delineate house lots and keep livestock out. With the a increase in cattle,ranching became a productive enterprise.Ranchers constructed more walls and pens to contain their animals. mo 'a 3 r. ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL EFFECTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 21_fix, e ' Yu G Based on previous significance evaluations,fieldwork,archival research,and analysis of survey data,IARII has prepared recommendations regarding the eligibility of each of the sites within the proposed APE to the National Register of Historic Places(NRHP)based on the criteria of the federal government and to the State Register of Historic Places based on the State of 50. Hawaii historic preservation rules and regulations.Table 6lists all sites in the proposed APE for 'r the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project,with proposed significance evaluations and x= i _ v recommended mitigation actions. Historic property is defined in the NHPA as"any prehistoric or historic district,site, A n; = ? o building,structure,or object included in,or eligible for inclusion in the National Register of g�"= ' ° 3 Historic Places" Eligibility to the NRHP is based on the following categories of significance 'ice o = o_2 v- (spelled out in 36 CFR Part 60:4): � , c u T 5 a a = a o g t a The quality of significance in American history,architecture,archaeology,and culture 1 is present in districts,sites,buildings,structures,and objects of state and local - ' rY Z 'E t 1. importance that possess integrity of location,design,setting,materials,workmanship, yin ,y '� a a`a` 5 q feeling,and association and: ,y J A.That are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the _ broad patterns of our history;or B. That are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past;or 49 50 � % - .�• - - - \ - r - / _ 6 � "T\ - § � m - U K\ 2 J : - - =}{2 !-t2V - - )!�$ �})k dR \ 51 52 C. That embody the distinctive characteristics of a type,period,or method of construction,or that - 72 _ represent the work ofa master,or that possess high artistic values,or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction;or D. That have yielded,or may be likely to yield,information important in prehistory or history. Section 6 of Chapter 13-275,Hawaii Administrative Rules(entitled"Rules Governing Procedures for Historic Preservation Review for Governmental Projects Covered Under Sections 6E-7 and 6E-8,HRS)"adds another criterion for evaluating significance: - - Criterion"e".Have an important value to the native Hawaiian people or to another ethnic group of the state due to associations with cultural practices once carried out,or still carried out,at the property or due to associations with traditional beliefs,events or oral accounts—these associations being important to the group's history and cultural identity. F 21 Under Criterion E,consultation with ethnic organizations or members of the ethnic group should be sought prior to submission of significance evaluations for properties other than architectural properties. A n cultural impact assessment study(Prasad 2006),undertaken concurrently with this project,covers these S concerns. SITE RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the most recent available conceptual design for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2,14 sites are located within the proposed APE(Area of Potential Effect). These include Sites 5608 0 - - - - (Features BBB,CCC,DDD,WWW),6300,6302,7248,11059(Feature 8),15508,21189,22057,23662, J < 23665,23666,26100,26101,and 26102(Table 8). G Site 7248,the Laniakea Cave,may pass below the project area;however,the entrances to the cave are located outside the archaeological survey area and its underground route has yet to be mapped in detail. Parsons Brinkerhoff Quade&Douglas plans to investigate the cave in more detail at a later date. u. - Although Site 5608 is outside the currently planned limits of construction,Features BBB,CCC,DDD,and ., W W W are within the APE because of the potential for indirect impacts. This site is eligible for listing in the National Register under Criterion D and State Criterion E for significance.Itis also designated forpreservation = as a condition of rezoning,which forbids any adverse impacts to any archaeological or historical sites. However,no archaeological reports or plans have been submitted to SHPD regarding this site.Features BBB, CCC,and DDD of Site 5608 should be regarded as particularly sensitive due to the likelihood that these are ✓ - -- -_ - traditionalHawaiiancommunity features that may contain burials;preservation is recommended.Aparticular ; ij - concern for this site is the dismantling of the modem rock wall that lines the east side of the current highway, 7t s - _- - which would remove the protection for this site. Buffers(of 30 feet from each feature or some other - appropriate distance)should be established between theroad and the features,and protective actions should be _ undertaken to prevent encroachment during construction and limit access to the sites following construction. i2 Such actionsmight consist of installing protective fencing or rebuilding the rock walls,iftheyaredamaged or T - - dismantled. Sites 26100 and 26102 are located within the proposed APE."These sites are significant under National Register Significance Category D.They should be avoided during construction activities.If avoidance is not - possible,mitigation measures,such as further testing and recording should be undertaken. - s :E _ 53 54 7 _ Site 21189,the human remains below the Memorial located in the sidewalk next to Coconut Grove Market Place,are eligible under Hawaii State Criterion E. Preservation is ,S 61-S - recommended for this site. Protective measures should be undertaken during construction _ _ - activities to avoid disturbances to the remains.If preservation is not possible,then determination of the appropriate disposition of these remains will require further consultation with the SHPD, the HIBC(Hawai`i Island Burial Council),and possible lineal descendants. The human remains discovered below Kuakini Highway during construction activities - for the Kuakini Highway 16-Inch Waterline Project are located within the proposed APE for the ra Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2. The archaeologists for the waterline improvements project,in conjunction with the SHPD and HIBC,are in the process of making determinations regarding the remains(Mary Anne Maigret pers.comm.February 2006). The n -- effect of the pro osed project on the human remains will be dependent on the outcome of those - - determinations. 3 c _ Sites 6300,11059(Feature 8),15508,and 23662located within the proposed APE are evaluated to be significant under National Register Criterion D. These sites are historic period walls that were likely used to demarcate boundaries or for control of livestock.Datagatheredby this and previous surveys document construction characteristics and alignment patterns that can be useful in large scale studies of ranch practices(which falls outside the scope of the present, - - - corridor-oriented study). These sites have been fully documented and no further work is -- necessary. Site 6302,located within the proposed APE,is significant under National Register e ¢ - _ Criteria B,C,and D,and State of Hawaii Significance Criterion E. Although the existing _ Kuakini Highway has breached this site,the remaining wall portions are in excellent condition a - - east and west of the highway and preservation is recommended. Interim protection measures, such as protective orange fencing,should be established in areas that may be impacted during EL -- - construction activities. .iE _ = Sites 22057,23666',and 26101 are located within the proposed APE. Sites 22057 and 23666 are boundary walls built along Kuakini Highway,apparently in the 1950s.Site 26101 is a modified outcrop.These modern sites,which are fully documented,do not meet the criteria for eligibility to the National Register. No further archaeological work is therefore necessary. - _ _-_3 Site 23665 is a boundary wall located within the proposed APE.This feature has been dismantled and reconstructed and has no integrity.It therefore does not meet National Register - - criteria for eligibility to the National Register. No further archaeological work is necessary. R 2 _ Subsequent to completion of the draft report of the present project in 2006,the remains were relocated to a location outside of the APE(letter from the Hawaii Division,Federal Highway Administration to SHPD,dated April 3,2007). - - ' Preservation was previously recommended for Site 23666,the modem wall on the east side of = - Kuakini Highway,probably constructed as a cattle barrier along Kuakini Highway sometime `7 �"''s' around 1950(Corbin and Rosendahl 2002:15).This modern site does not appearto meet any of x - _ the NRHP criteria of significance and is not recommended for preservation. 72 55 56 The remaining archaeological sites identified by the present study are not located within the proposed APE. These sites which are primarily agricultural walls,rock mounds,and modified outcrops,have been fully documented and no further archaeological work is necessary. They include Sites 23686(all features),11059(Feature 4),15514,22045,22053,22054,and 26099. These sites are described in the previous section but are not discussed in the present section because they will not be affected by highway improvements. Monitoring is recommended during construction of the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project,due to the probability of encountering human remains,as demonstrated from previous archaeological projects in the area.Buried cultural deposits and caves may also be encountered. A monitoring plan will need to be prepared and submitted to SHPD for approval. An additional archaeological inventory survey is recommended for the portions of the construction staging area that have not been surveyed.Four potential construction staging areas have been identified in TMKs 7:5-09:004,7-5-18:028,7-5-10:085,and 7-5-17:006(see Figs,7a through 7c).The portions of the construction staging areas more than 100 feet from the existing street centerline were not surveyed during this archaeological survey since they were not included in the scope of work. It is anticipated that archaeological sites similar to those nearby may be present,including rock walls,rock mounds,and platforms. 57 58 APPENDIX A GPS DATA 59 60 9 T t Y z I T 17 T IQ 71 71 71 71 ;7, 71 iL 61 62 T �7 t 1 7 A I P "I "1 11-1 Ir-I 11-1 11-1 11-1 P 63 64 APPENDIX B SITE PHOTOGRAPHS 65 66 r 44y 004_11059F4_taW.JPG W9_11059F8_WN.JPG 01211059F6_LoE.JPG 089 23665_E.JPG 094 22063_E.JPG 007_22053_E,JPG w Q' 019_5608FeFFF:JPG 0385608FeBB8CCCDDO_EJPG D51_5808FeBBBCCCDDD_S.JPG 103_22045_temp8_EJPG 107c11nk—ll_6300JPG 119_T—p1_S.JPG 054_5608Fe888CCCD0D NS_.. 058_5608Fe888CCCDOD_N.JPG 059_5608Fe6B8CCC00DN_JPG 122_Temp2_SEJPG 124_6302_NJPG 131_23888_Fe197NJPG oil A W, 72, P•nq( 062 5606F®BBBCCCDDD_S JPG O66_T4ouerv-S.JPG 067_T4damil S,JPG 133_23686_Fe188_EJPG 135_23686_F a 187_E JPG 136 23686_Fel88_E.JPG ^� u 069_22054_N.JPG 072m morial_NEJPG 074m—al_E.JPG 137_23886_Fel89_NEJPG 138_23363_SEJPG 139_temp3_SWJPG 67 68 APPENDIX C FIELD DRAWINGS 69 70 an—kmi Highway,2)529 gage14, s i f< y 4 , r - Jytl q ' o' p e WJ: Site 5608,Platform Features BBB,CCC,and DDD. Ph—r.11 ie�-k-5<j Possible Site 6508,Feature FFF,coral and marine shell scatter. 71 72 ?kxn Kaakni Highway 200529 page_oJ_ 40u11 Kvakmi Highway 200529 page=af= simrvemner TI - so-ro- Uds9 Fcf�welrk.i9Ue� oars a s h cL+9 o TI'MN ri C MN Grid G,id Sule$evt �i Grid ,ke c fiF � Ma!>:Wei t, 7r cZo ..J ew UIIJ1 �Y. ]I r 14, ly `-,�{� re It 1 t e� Photo.11 /frame Ph..roll_/frame Site 11059,Features 4(mound)and 8(wall). Possible Sites 22053,L-shaped wall,and 22054,wall segment. 73 74 dkRR K—loin;Highway 200529 page of_ B, rv--Eer C.FA'c WA.1 D....i t I Sit,: cNe sn1. �.w o Y 1 Fe 187 --------------- o Fe 188 I;e e...dr s s Phow toll_/Game �^^ Site 23686,Features 187 and 188(rock mounds). Sites 23662(cattle pen),23665(reconstructed boundary wall),and 23666(wall east of Kuakini Highway). 75 76 *Rfr-Iktni H,gh 200529 page of on, T1pa Q¢c+f..n,•, Tip rt Verbs)D—iphou of Site: tyros - uhome. -�,-Ir �_rwnva _,6,,,J•6,. s„6,_ u„<-PP- oL .l=•.Id<. �. CridS® „A�j'.- ell(�•,a FI Keck ..Io.�� G<..-$. o.£t... le _1.... .�....,< ..mac .m -� 54e 23686. - Feature 189. m ' 1 � A c I g /o Phom roll_/frame '✓,���r"YC Site 23686,Feature 189(stone terrace)with adjacent modified outcrop. Site 23686,Feature 197(elongated mound-possible kuaiwi). 77 78 y�1un K..bdn Highway 200329 gage_aJ_ 5 to 26099 Ste Number b I D rip f Sill: DNele 2fl OC' U[ A 1 GrW Sevle — ` �e7T1/�M 14 r� Y '1 a 1 LAL:t 141 Photo roll_/flame Site 26099,C-shaped structure. Site 26101,modified outcrop and marine shell and waterworn coral concentration. 79 s0 Verbal Description d Site: -- •-5 / 11 Site 26102,collapsed lava bubble with small amount of marine shell. 81 82 APPENDIX D LAND COMMISSION AWARDS NEAR THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY AREA FOR THE KUAKINI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT 83 84 - - 3 _ zyz ��i Z � Z 85 86 ::« za zz za z::>,z>z,:z 87 88 Bennett,Frederick D. 1970 Narrative of a Whaling Voyage Round the Glohe From the Year 1833-1836. Bibliotheca Austmliana,No.46. 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Tomonari-Tuggle,Myra J.,and H.David Tuggle 2004 Archaeological Overview andAssessmentfor the Three West HawaiilslandParks, Sinoto,Aki Task 3,Part C,Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park. Draft prepared for 1980 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of Parcel 1(TMK 7-5-09:31),Kailua-Kona, National Park Service,Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park.International Hawaii.Ms.on file at Department of Anthropology,Bishop Museum,Honolulu. Archaeological Research Institute,Inc.,Honolulu Toenjes,James H. 1986 Archaeological Monitoring in the Kuakini Highway Realignment,Kona,Hawaii Island. Prepared for Department of Transportation,Highways Division,State of Hawaii. Department of Anthropology,Bishop Museum,Honolulu. 97 98 Tuggle,H.David,and Matthew Spriggs Wilson,Michael D. 2001 The Age of Bellows Dune Site 0-18,Oahu, Hawaii, and the Antiquity of 1998 Letter regarding HAD-HI (Section 106 Compliance) Kuakini Highway Hawaiian Colonization.Asian Perspectives 39(1-2):165-188. Improvements between Palani and Hualalai Roads,Kailua-Kona,Hawaii Island, Log No.21051,Doc No.9802PM04. Prepared for Transportation Engineer,U.S. Tuggle,H.David,and M.J.Tomonari-Tuggle Department of Transportation,Federal Highway Administration,Hawaii Division, 2005 Archaeological SurveyofLands SurroundingKaloko Fishpond,Kaloko-Honokohau Honolulu. State Historic Preservation Division,Honolulu. National Historical Park(KAHO). Prepared for National Park Service,Kaloko- Honckohau National Historical Park. International Archaeological Research Wong Smith,Helen Institute,Inc.,Honolulu. 1990 Limited Historical Documentary Research,Land of Hienaloli 6th,Island of Hawaii. Appendix B inArehaeologieal Inventory Survey Hienaloli 6th DevelopmentPareel, Valeri,Valerio Land of Hienaloli 6th,North Kona District,Island of Hawai 9,by Theresa K. 1985 KingshipandSacrifiee.Ritual and Society in Ancient Hawaii.Translated by Paula Denham and Victoria K.Kai.Prepared for Sidney Fuke and Associates,Hilo.Paul Wissing. University of Chicago Press,Chicago,Illinois. H.Rosendahl,Ph.D.,Inc.,Hilo,Hawaii. Walker,Alan T.,Paul H.Rosendahl,and James Head 1996 Ali`i Drive Sewer Project Mitigation Program—Phase H Archaeological Data Recovery,Lands of Pua`a 2nd and 3rd,and Wai`aha 1st and 2nd,North Kona District,Island ofHawai l(TMK.:7-5-187,8). Prepared for Wastewater Division, Hawaii County,Department of Public Works,Hilo,Hawaii.Paul H.Rosendahl, Ph.D.,Inc.,Hilo,Hawaii. Welch,David 1988 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of a Kailua-Kona Property(TMK 7-5- 09:40). Prepared for Belt, Collins, and Associates,Honolulu. International Archaeological Research Institute,Inc.,Honolulu. Wickler,Stephen 1989 Letter Report on Disinterment of Three Historic Burials and Archaeological Monitoring at Site 50-Ha-D8-64,Kailua-Kona,Island of Hawaii.Prepared for Glenkona Hawaii, Ltd., Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. International Archaeological Research Institute,Inc.,Honolulu. 1990 Removal of Historic Burials and Archaeological Monitoring Site BPBM50-Ha-D8- 64(TMK 7-5-09:31),Kailua-Kona,Island of Hawaii. Prepared for Glenkona Hawaii, Ltd., Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. International Archaeological Research Institute,Inc.,Honolulu. 1991a Letter Report Concerning Results ofArehaeological Investigations at Kailua-Kona, Parcel TMK 7-5-9:40. Prepared for Mr. Erwin Kurashige. International Archaeological Research Institute,Inc.,Honolulu. 1991b Follow-up Letter Report Concerning Results of Further Archaeological Investigations at Parcel TMK 7-5-9:40. Prepared for Mr. Erwin Kurashige. International Archaeological Research Institute,Inc.,Honolulu. 99 100 Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment APPENDIX F BOTANICAL SURVEY REPORT March 2013 I This botanical report was prepared for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2,between Hualalai Road and the future AM Highway intersection. The fieldwork for this survey was conducted on Feb.19,2005;March 16,2005;July 6, 2005 and Oct.8,2005.During the Feb.19,March 16 and July 6 site visits;the areas along the side of the highway and public areas such as parking lots were surveyed. On KUAKINI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT, Oct.8 after a permission to enter property form was received I entered and surveyed the PHASE 2,KAILUA-KONA obviously private property and vacant lots in the study area. BOTANICAL REPORT METHODOLOGY, The area within the study site was surveyed by foot and much of the area was viewed several times in an attempt to locate and identify all of the plants growing in the area. Approximately 90 to 95%of the study area was viewed. A species list was developed and is included as an addendum to this report.Since there were no Rare,Endangered or Remarkable plants identified during the study,the plants on the species list are identified as being Alien or Indigenous. The common name and growth form of each plant is also recorded in the plant list. GENERAL DESCRIPTION, The study area for this project extends from the intersection of Hualalai Road and Kuakini Highway on the north side to a dry gulch approximately 100 yards to the south of the"Pottery Terrace". This dry gulch can further be described as being located approximately 250 yards south of the intersection of Om Out Street and the Kuakini Highway. The width ofthe study area extends 100 feet to both sides of the centerline of the Kuakini Highway.(Refer to Exhibit#1 for a map of the study area.) On the mauka(mountain)side of the highway proceeding from the dry gulch at the south end to the Hualalai Road/Kuakini Highway intersection on the north end much of the area along the Kuakini Highway has been developed and landscaped,in the landscaped areas the flora was observed and recorded. There are three parcels of undeveloped land on the rnauka side of the Kuakini Highway within the study area,in these areas notes were also made concerning the vegetative communities. The first vacant plot on the mauka side of the Kuakini Highway is from Prepared by Layne Yoshida,Botanical Consultant the dry gulch to the Pottery Terrace. Submitted Jan.4,2006 The second undeveloped area is located between Out Out Street and the"Royal Kailuan", a condominium,this undeveloped parcel can be devided into three distinct areas. The first area starts at Out Out St and extends to a driveway approximately 80 yards to the north.The second area is a former pasture that is currently unused,this area is bounded 2 3 on both the north and south side by stone walls.The final area is a vacant lot that has No Endangered Plant Species or Proposed Endangered Plant Species were seen in the been cleared but has not yet been developed,along this lot the shoulder of the highway is study area. The State of Hawaii noted in a letter dated July 3,1996 that two potentially being used for parking. Endangered Species,Prtichardia affinis(Loulu Palm)and Capprts sondwicensis(Pua Pilo)may be located in the general vicinity of the previous phase of the Kuakini Highway The third area of undeveloped land starts at Kama'aina Hale and ends at a car dealership. widening between Palani and Hualalai Road.Neither species was seen during the site From the vegetation,the stone walls and the debris scattered throughout these areas it is survey. clear that these lots were at one time used as a cattle pasture. The dominant vegetative community on the undeveloped land is a Haole Koa(Luceona WETLAND CONSIDERATIONS- Other dominated scrub with an understory of guinea grass(Panicum marimum). Other tree species noted in the area are Kiawe(Prasopis pallida)and autograph tree (Clusia rosea). All of the dominant vegetation noted in the area are introduced weedy In the study area there were two areas that required consideration as possible wetland species.Exhibit#2 is a photo showing the general vegetation type in the vacant lots. sites. These two areas are clearly delineated dry gulches and both have culverts that cross under Kuakini Highway.Both areas do not fall into the category of wetlands as defined On the makai(ocean)side of the Kuakini Highway there are again three areas of for ecological consideration due to the following factors.Most importantly the culvert undeveloped land along the side of the Kuakini Highway. The first undeveloped area is a area within the study site has been altered by clearing and excavating the area next to and short strip of land from the dry gulch on the south to the intersection of Oni Oni St and under the highway.Also the slope in the culvert is steep enough that water is not able to the Kuakini Highway on the North. The second is a lot between a building under pool so that the area would not sustain pools of standing water for any length of time. construction at the time of the survey and a condominium.The norther boarder of the Further the substrate in the culverts contain very little or no organic material and is third undeveloped parcel ends at parking lot of the"Coconut Grove"shopping complex. composed mostly of loose gravel and sand.Finally the flora recorded from the culverts are not facultative or obligate hydrophytes.Exhibit#3 is a photo of the culvert at the The vegetation in the undeveloped areas on the makai side of the Kuakini Highway is South end of the study area and shows the loose gravel within the culvert. again dominated by weedy introduced species such as Haole Koa,Fountain Grass and Guinea Grass. During the site survey in October 2005 it was noted that the vegetation along the side of Kuakini Highway had been poisoned and consequently many of the weedy species that had been noted in previous visits were not observed. The poisoning of the vegetation on the shoulder of the Kuakini Highway prior to the October 2005 site survey did not effect the final results of the study since the vegetation had been observed and recorded on prior visits. Due in part to the urbanized nature ofthe study area even the indigenous(native)species noted are widespread in distribution and common so the removal of any plants both native and non-native should have a minimal biological effect. The indigenous plants observed in the study area are for the most part associated with areas that have been cleared or greatly disturbed such as the shoulders of the highway or fringes of parking lots or property lines. (Kuades0101—riot for report just a note as to filename) The indigenous plants such as Waltheria indices,Ipomoea indices and Sida rhomhifolia are common vegetation along the side of many roads and trails on the western side of the island of Hawaii. The two native fems located in the study area,Nephrolepis eraltata and Pteris cretica,are growing on the shoulder or next to the shoulder of the highway. f � # SPECIES LIST z �' ': =r a'' �E T>Igrtarra msulana Poaeeae �Sau'rigxass�* "Herb P.I3AKtN H1CHWA ,; IMPROVEMENTS .PR.OEl C1`�IlASE 2 i£ f➢r' ena sp r k,. it d€i,ma.ft�etea Agavae 4!t'r ads ntz Shrub f i HerbPrancer,rt; s ,, Pan sot'a1ia,€.. s Asteraceae xpatbrska.'t Herb Narue st .Family CnronN,nae Form '.:5 ' s6lIa�- Poaceae vcSras. .Herb 33a U. # tr *, s �#5 Fabaceae R a7 Tree AhtiLllo§tg d,eI"" rr a Mavaeeae Heb ,� fib; Euphorbtaceae h h r}i Shrub A a�1t..;amabtla.olatlr tr#sd{ Apocynaceae ��, Vme A i oang. Loganiaceae [P� i 1 Shrub Aldevefa s g Aloeaceae... �qe� a I Herh A t`! �`�� °td n Moraceac Fad.. -egfFrg Tree . is. Alppuas Zmgiberaceae fink Whigdra r Herb Moraceae p r Tree A r" Alta ass I a Smaranthaceae x €i k x r '�.... E yjW s Px Herb *, x C Moraccae Shrub Acanthaceae` E'tirese r+l.4.1p I vine E'1}. cecr{rrns, hhf Sapindaccae teat ,€ Tree ritats a a€ Asteraoeae B}¢m Herb €A sp' # ! Malvaceae Is ,. Shrubf {x. i3i, s ku �a g Asteraeeae �Bi z n Herb 2eus sR Cactaceae31b� Vine A $rs p,a Asteiaeeae W i a Herb 'ti r xry I�,i I 93orlr caac�itl'ea3d Nyotaginaceae Herb �gS r f tecttrrat Y Lainiaceae k ,-. Vine Buerha�mr,bra '�# Nyctagmaceae � a � Herb ..lax �s. CCCi mdrxa„,ri Convolvulaceae "a�£ tr• Vine €$c6igazx ll� Nyctagmaccao iyHn au - Vine Convolvulaceae # VrneA Ct sr1? F axt olanaceae 6 I Shrub AJ I Rubraceae ra; z s s 'Herb 4rls $op 7 p k a TreeCacac Euphorbiaceae FTree Aocyte Crasulaceae limb sra~s19;, ar -s Fabricate be Tree btuur Cyperacoae nOO r- Herb r - f+ gai o'e Apocyn..aceaG � ,aScaik Herb n4siatnayra a Verbenaceae Shrub ¢r1 t ' s Laraiaoeae rg s'' Herb Poaceae ;. a sun Herb , `l al Fabaceae ` . .Shrub Fabaceae xda U. Herb - k eltr n Arecaceae .Tree ,`.. 1 c a! Eu horbraceae - z x Herb # '1 Malvaceac e a Herb11 A Eupborbiaceae r ue p €z Bab o rk s Y y� .Euphorbiaceae tr `S�2r=a Herbi�r Malvaceae kn� y Herb a h o s HPoaceae erb N u ` r; Anacardiaceae , Tree'l*' as M rtaeae Tree Tree e z G Herb tyl r an }F a: Capparaceae I -_ Y�,p .,# Herb 'f ppb ¢i rrC Nyetaginaceae otlr-t c7:o ",I`a- Herb i du ����1st Clusiaceae €z Tr; Tt ee 'I3',� ' t eharati � Cucurbitaceae F J•.?nt�� Vine t r f Czaccn a sa t: ' Cucurbitaceae d "t Vine :A ca a T" Rubiaceae ( kt Shrub Eocoll'j. t r Arecaeeae .. Sa5 z Tree 'f}. `1 ! w.Y+tai,'tftaYarl rs RutaceaeOraig ..Shrub t *= Ca d et sp> l5. � Euphorbiaceae ,Gr¢to a 3 IrIt Shrub 'Ay s 3 i '3atp xal'[a#a lg Nephrolepidaceac �a exnl '... ':Herb "5 a m i # rl s Sei r E V. Co Seta be ighalea s Commel naceae3tionoltd to° r Herb A u dci s Apocyuaceae ri ea doi Sh ub A o�mgij a `�Commelinaceae uohovo F 'S` Herb Asa^E a t s .' r#z .stf l' CacLaceae taekl{ c ..cj}is Shrub Ak' Coi yhns fc6 Ito Agavaceae �i t g Shrub? � rnY to a. Oxalidaoeae � and �z Herb t n Cry uu sp s a aceae un r k Herb °A 1 an n nraR m u Poaceae u r ea Crabs Herb A Crynadandgctylxv,#r Poaceae egvudaGtass,'. Herb `A Pasatlat eduhs h Passifloraceae �l'asstoi;^nq Vine Delomx repw rs Fabaceae Ro$i Pomelana. Tree A Penniset}mt setaceum, Poaceae Fattntam=,Crrnss Herb ➢esingr}tl}ias r5 '"s Fabaceae le der mu rosa k Shmb `A$ �oenixroebelann r Arecaeae PvguiyDgYe Pahrt, Shrub i Desmadtum torfu orn Fabaceae A. weed He b '=A P yllatr l us sp Euphorbiaceae Ph l an i s Herb $ pigtaraa setiger ._.__ Poaceae Crabgrass -- Herb ;.1"1 `: Patliecellobiurn duke Fabaceae ,Dula :` Tree �'A PStaehea aytn h ci4rlia Asteraceae H ttbxtshi :x Sh b" K priaap ,v Apocynaceae TMMefia 1 Shrub A ' J 7ooalpg5 al3 Podocarpaceae I f Tree 1' PR gad l tpu�a a# 1 olygalaeeas ub'e anE Herb �Prt'; acaole,acea Portulacaceae Herb * < ,Pigtsopisp" 'da0 Fabaeeae Acanthaceap Eni'atla t.„� Sbnrb Asa 'a5r'i "�yy;. PtpixsezetCu IP a Pteridaeeae s.Gkdry3xak Herb + 1r ly�,'tepen Poaoeae - air Herb Roam Euphorbiaceae s Be Shrubr Phyrolaccaceae r S s a s r? Fabaceaeyp� k Tree t� k She a a[�P Araliacae p T a s Troe 7A , S �`a ndehtdirs nt Fabaceae ' Herb Sr,��"¢'' edit �.Malvaccae `..: t Herb I1't1�x�srnl S Malvaceae ad. **i t Herb ;6t.#suiosaS Malvaoeae c $ Herb i'A ,p 5a�deta � Treeu .. "Bi omaeeae fi; 't� vY '� =� . gyp. sl�..ap Poaceao i wogs Herb �$ ,. Surs.rdt a Poaceae y Sugcafis Herb t i x�, Photo of typical vegetation on undeveloped land S lla d x Asteraceae N e Herb x r s ¢ s in study site. Partulaeaooae � Herb s a i r 1 Apocy—es ap Shrub < a '' Commelanaceae 1'laU Herb W a Asteraceae ohi B Herb a dt5 i s Tihaoeae BT l Shrub Sterculiaumo Jaj$lua. r Herb ' la.ta,1b x Asteumeae @@ xa 2�.1 Herb > + k 'I" + t r §6' ;: F Indigenous ,�:, t �� r rai a r six s a t�t Fr 3�F Y F•, vb 1'ri � ;i., rhL+E y�'K;� "�:x e a Bottom of culvert on South boarder of study site. -�. �:-- F �� �� '� .._ ,, �- .. � ,. � � w , �� � �s 9, �R � a, Mw y e ar n ,„ �_.. �, ,� ,� I �, ' o �� ,. 1 .. � � s '.. wR p� .. 5 ,YY �G. b� '�r4:. y�.d., M�� � � d '—c 3 m f p � �' O A � � 3 �� w � �� 0 v � 'o o y r� ;,.a , � � r. h � i ��,�' m � �'t""�' +s � o m � � � �� " N N � � a '� ,.:.,.y�e. N 4 `S� �o � eta�amew l0 N �_ � N T i. � N=d �S G (D ' yy' �'wl N t 9 �A N=�:� N N:� l'� Legend for the aerial photograph.of the study site: Mauka#l)Is the undeveloped plot from the culvert to the Pottery Terrace. Marlin#2a)Is the short undeveloped area from Oni Oni St.to the first driveway to the north of Oni Ord St,This area has been cleared and weedy species typical of the side of the Kuakini Hwy.shoulder were starting to grow on the parcel. Mauka#2b)Is the longest undeveloped plot in the study area. Maukaff2c)Is a cleared lot that is being overgrown with weeds typical of the side of the Kuakini Hwy. Mauka#3)Is an undeveloped parcel that is botanically similar to Mauka#2b. Makai#1)The short undeveloped parcel between the South end of the study site and Walua St. MaM 42)The undeveloped parcel next to a condominium. Makai#3)The undeveloped parcel to the south of the parking area for the Coconut Grove Marliotplaec. Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment APPENDIX G TRAFFIC NOISE IMPACT TECHNICAL REPORT March 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS DRAFT section Pace Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................III Kuakini Highway Improvement Project, Phase II CHAPTER INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................1-1 Hualalai Road to Ali'i Highway CHAPTER PROJECT DESCRIPTION...................................................................................2-1 Kailua-Kona,Hawai'i County, Hawai'i CHAPTER 3 EXISTING NOISE ENVIRONMENT.....................................................................3-1 3.1 Background....................................................................................................................3-1 3.2 Noise Standards.............................................................................................................3-1 3.3 Existing and Future Noise-Sensitive Land Uses............................................................3-2 3.4 Noise Measurement Sites..............................................................................................3-3 3.4.1 Short-Tenn Noise Measurements............................................................................3-3 3.4.1.1 Site 1..............................................................................................................3-3 3.4.1.2 Site 2..............................................................................................................3-3 3.4.1.3 Site 3..............................................................................................................3-4 3.4.1.4 Site 4..............................................................................................................3-4 3.4.1.5 Site 5..............................................................................................................3-4 3.4.2 Long-Tenn Noise Measurements.............................................................................3-5 3.4.2.1 Site A..............................................................................................................3-5 3.4.2.2 Site B..............................................................................................................3-5 3.5 Modeling Sites................................................................................................................3-5 3.5.1 Site 2A......................................................................................................................3-5 3.5.2 Site 3A......................................................................................................................3-6 3.5.3 Site 5A......................................................................................................................3-6 3.5.4 Site 5B......................................................................................................................3-6 3.5.5 Site B-M-1................................................................................................................3-6 3.5.6 Site B-M-2................................................................................................................3-6 3.6 Model Calibration...........................................................................................................3-7 3.7 Existing Noisiest Traffic Hour.........................................................................................3-7 3.8 Results of Existing Noise Measurements.......................................................................3-8 Prepared for: CHAPTER FUTURE TRAFFIC NOISE IMPACTS.................................................................4-1 State of Hawaii Department of Transportation 4.1 Prediction Methodology..................................................................................................4-1 4.2 Noise Impact Analysis....................................................................................................4-2 Preparedby: 4.2.1 No-Build Alternative..................................................................................................4-2 4.2.2 Build Alternative.......................................................................................................4-2 Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade&Douglas,Inc. CHAPTER 5 NOISE ABATEMENT MEASURES.....................................................................5-1 5.1 Noise Abatement Evaluation: No Build Alternative.......................................................5-1 December 2006 5.2 Noise Abatement Evaluation: Build Alternative.............................................................5-2 5.3 Preliminary Noise Abatement Decision..........................................................................5-3 CHAPTER 6 CONSTRUCTION NOISE IMPACTS...................................................................6-1 Kuakini Highway lmpmvement Project i December 2006 Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report TABLE OF CONTENTS(Continued) Section Page CHAPTER REFERENCES.....................................................................................................7-1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this report is to analyze the traffic noise impacts of the proposed improvements List of Figures to Kuakini Highway between Hualalai Road and the future intersection with Ain Highway in Fi ure Page Kailua Village,North Kona on the island of Hawaii. Figure 2-1.Project Location.......................................................................................................2-2 Figure 2-2.Build Alternative Cross Section...............................................................................2-3 The County of Hawaii Department of Public Works (DPW) and the Federal Highway Figure 3-1.Noise Measurement Locations................................................................................3-9 Administration(FHWA)are proposing improvements to Kuakini Highway between Hualalai Figure 5-1.Noise Barrier Location.............................................................................................5-4 Road and the future intersection with AN Highway in Kailua Village,North Kona on the island of Hawaii(Figure 2-1). The proposed improvements would include increasing the vehicle capacity List of Tables of Kuakini Highway within the project limits. The proposed project is included in the current Table Page Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP)and the Hawaii Long Range Land Table 3-1.Noise Abatement Criteria(NAC)...............................................................................3-2 Transportation Plan Table 3-2.Existing Vehicle Classifications................................................................................3-7 Table 3-3.Existing Worst Hour Traffic Noise Levels...............................................................3-10 The DPW has recently completed the widening and improvement of an adjacent stretch of Table 4-1.No Build Alternative 2020 Traffic Volumes...............................................................4-1 Kuakini Highway,from Palani Road to Hualalai Road. That project,now called"Phase 1"of the Table 4-2.Build Alternative 2020 Traffic Volumes.....................................................................4-1 Kuakini Highway widening, is separate from the action currently under consideration. The Table 4-3.No Build Worst Hour Traffic Noise Levels................................................................4-3 current action,widening from Hualalai Road to Ain Highway,has been designated as Phase 2. Table 4-4.Build Alternative Worst Hour Traffic Noise Levels....................................................4-4 Table 5-1.Modeled Noise Levels,Leq(h)and Insertion Loss,dBA for Build Alternative...........5-2 In addition to the proposed action(Build Alternative),a No Build Alternative was also studied in Table 5-2.Feasible Noise Abatement Measure for Build Alternative........................................5-2 this report.The following is a description of the two alternatives considered in this report: Table 5-3.Summary of Noise Barrier Reasonableness for Build Alternative............................5-3 Table 6-1.Construction Equipment Noise Levels......................................................................6-1 No-Build Alternative—The No-Build Alternative assumes that the widening of Kuakini Highway would not be accomplished by future year 2020. The existing two-lane cross-section would remain. Build Alternative—The Build Alternative primarily involves widening Kuakini Highway to a four-lane configuration from Hualalai Road and the future intersection with Ain Highway. Additional improvements include auxiliary lanes,bike lanes,and concrete sidewalks on both sides,curb and gutter,utilities,drainage system,highway lighting, and intersection improvements(Figure 2-2). Land uses closest to the project area include residential, commercial, open space and undeveloped land. Five short-tens(15 to 30-minute)and two long-tens(24-hour)measurements were taken at noise sensitive locations along the proposed alignment. Six additional residential sites were Kuakini Highway Improvement Project ii December 2006 Kuakini Highway Improvement Project in December 2006 Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report modeled to supplement the measured sites or replace monitored sites that would be within the CHAPTER 1 right-of-way of the proposed alignment. INTRODUCTION Existing modeled worst-hour traffic noise levels for residential areas range from 53 dBA to 66 The purpose of this report is to analyze the traffic noise impacts of the proposed improvements dBA(Table 3-3). The existing worst-hour traffic noise levels approach or exceed the NAC of to Kualdni Highway between Hualalai Road and the future intersection with Ain Highway in Leq=67 dBA at three of the 13 modeled sites. Kailua Village, North Kona on the island of Hawaii(Figure 2-1). The improvements of the Proposed Action would include increasing the vehicle capacity of Kuakini Highway within the FHWA Traffic Noise Model(TNM)was used to model the noise levels at 13 sites for the No project limits. This study was prepared in accordance with Federal Highway Administration Build Alternative along Kuukini Highway. Three of the modeling sites used in the No Build (FHWA) rules and procedures (FHWA 1995) and the State of Hawaii Department of Alternative will be within the proposed right-of-way of the Build Alternative,so only 10 sites are Transportation(HDOT)Noise Analysis and Abatement Policy(HDOT, 1996). Its elements modeled for the Build Alternative. Noise levels were calculated for the Year 2020 traffic. include: The No Build Alternative has one site,Site B that approach or exceed the NAC(Table 4-3).The 1. Measurements of existing noise levels at representative noise sensitive receivers; No Build Alternative is used as the baseline of future traffic noise levels. Noise abatement was 2. Prediction of future traffic noise levels; not modeled for this alternative. 3. Comparison of existing and predicted future traffic noise levels with the FHWA Noise The Build Alternative has three sites,Site B,Site B-M-1 and Site B-M-2 that approach or exceed Abatement Criteria(NAC); the NAC(Table 4-4). There is no increase over the No Build Alternative for Site B. Under the Build Alternative,this site does have a noise impact,so noise abatement was modeled for Site 4. Recommendations to reduce noise impacts; B,Site B-M-1 and Site B-M-2. 5. Evaluation of possible noise barriers;and A 10 to 14-foot high 235-foot long noise barrier was found to be feasible and reasonable,with a 6. The effects of construction noise and proposed mitigation measures. 8 foot high barrier recommended for the Kama'aina Hale Condos,Site B. A 8 to 12-foot high 225-foot long noise barrier was found to be feasible and reasonable,with a 10 foot high barrier recommended for the Kama'aina Hale Condos,Sites B-M-1,and B-M-2. The noise barrier would be located at the edge of shoulder and would benefit a total of 24 residences along the eastbound side of Kauldni Highway at the area just north of the University of Nations. Kuakini Highway lmpmvement Pmject iv December 2006 Kuakini Highway lmpmvement Pmject 1-1 December 2006 Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report CHAPTER PROJECT DESCRIPTION Figure 2-1.Project Location The County of Hawaii Department of Public Works (DPW) and the Federal Highway i Administration(FHWA)are proposing improvements to Kuakini Highway between Hualalai 'a ; Road and the future intersection with AN Highway in Kailua Village,North Kona on the island of g Y0 a Hawaii(Figure 2-1). The improvements of the Proposed Action would include increasing the x ' vehicle capacity of Kuakini Highway within the project limits. The project is included in the current Statewide Transportation Improvement Program(STIP)and the Hawaii Long Range � Land Transportation Plan. y i u DPW has recently completed the widening and improvement of an adjacent stretch of Kuakini Highway,from Palani Road to Hualalai Road. That project,now called"Phase 1"of the Kuakini Highway widening, is separate from the action currently under consideration. The current action,widening from Hualalai Road to future Ail Highway,has been designated Phase 2. e P 4 The aHematives studied in this report are: zx No-Build Alternative—The No-Build Alternative assumes that the widening of Kuakini Highway would not be accomplished by future year 2020. The existing two-lane cross-section would remain. 4 3� Build Alternative—The Build Alternative primarily involves widening Kuakini Highway �s to a four-lane configuration from Hualalai Road and the future intersection with Ali Highway. Additional improvements include auxiliary lanes,bike lanes and concrete sidewalks on both sides,curb and gutter,utilities,drainage system,highway lighting, 0. and intersection improvements(Figure 2-2). .Y p�Nkb ��Y 01 x Kuakini Highway Improvement Project 2-1 December 2006 Kuakini Highway Improvement Project 2-2 December 2006 Draft Tmffic Noise Impact Technical Report Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report Figure 2-2.Build ARennative Cross Section CHAPTER EXISTING NOISE ENVIRONMENT aaa iv-a 3.1 BACKGROUND Noise is defined as any sound that is undesirable or interferes with normal human activities. The decibel(dB)scale is used to quantify sound intensity and represents the ratio between a given sound and the faintest sound detectable by human hearing. Because sound pressure levels vary widely within the range of human hearing,the dB scale is logarithmic. The human M.I. ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies within the entire sound spectrum. Accordingly, Existing noise measurements are made using an A-weighting(dBA)scale to correspond to human perceptions of noise. A-scale sound levels are currently in use in many community and city noise ordinances and in state and city highway traffic noise codes. suemLox---.. ~ Time variation in noise exposure is typically accounted for as a constant energy level equivalent m""ab wow (Leq)for a given time period. The Leq is the constant noise level over some specified period of s s ms ,os s _ roses s s time that is equivalent in energy to a fluctuating or brief noise"averaged"over that period of 'I'sn.�aTseLa� nxxLw. r�4Ls� LHr u-" ��.n_ r�.M-L,m erv,Tsia�,rt� rv`. q 9Y 9 9 f` time. Leq is also a function of time and is expressed as Le time period). For exam le,Le h expressed in A-weighted decibels(dBA),is the calculated constant noise over one hour which is equivalent in total energy to the varying noise levels actually measured during that one hour. ._____'• Prapoaad '_____ 3.2 NOISE STANDARDS The HDOT Noise Analysis and Abatement Policy implements FHWA regulations on noise abatement(23 CFR 772)for the State of Hawaii. The regulations and policy require that a noise analysis be performed whenever potentially affected receivers exist,either as developed lands or lands that are planned,designed or programmed for future use. The FHWA has established Noise Abatement Criteria(NAC),shown on Table 3-1,for different sos Ys rr aurc smu exterior and interior land use activities. The NAC do not constitute legally enforceable noise CGS 5 5 3i3 L r.Lr- T.tG.rc T11 L- I 11 N-LMG standards,but represent a yardstick for evaluating the effect of project noise on the surrounding community.The NAC have been adopted by the State of Hawaii as its standard. Under HDOT policy,a noise impact occurs when the predicted traffic noise levels approach or Proposed exceed the NAC,or when the predicted traffic noise levels substantially exceed the existing a`i {wRh Rsta in�ng Wall} Mauka MaYai noise levels. "Approach"means at least 1 dBA less than the NAC,and"substantially exceed the existing noise levels'means an increase of at least 15 dBA. If the NAC are approached or Kuakini Highway Improvement Project 2,3 December 2006 Kuakini Highway Improvement Project 3-1 December 2006 Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report exceeded,or if there is a substantial increase above the existing noise level,noise abatement schools and churches. All of these activities are considered Category B,which has an exterior measures must be considered. NAC of Lea(h)67 dBA. Changes in traffic noise are assessed using human perceptions of sound level changes. 3.4 NOISE MEASUREMENT SITES Generally,changes in noise levels of less than 3 dBA are barely perceptible to most listeners, but an increase of 10 dBA is perceived as a doubling(or halving for a decrease)of noise levels. Five short-tens(15 to 30-minute)and two long-tens(24-hour)measurements were taken at These guidelines permit estimation of an individual's probable perception of changes in noise noise sensitive locations along the proposed alignments. The approximately location of the levels. measurements sites is illustrated in Figure 3-1. Table 3-1.Noise Abatement Criteria(NAC) 3.4.1 Short-Term Noise Measurements Activity Leg(h)for Noisiest Noise level measurements were conducted for a 15 to 30-minute period at 5 sites. These sites Category Traffic Hour-dBA Description of Activity Lands on which serenity and quiet are of extraordinary extend from residences near the Orion Street/Walua Road intersection in the south to on A 57(Exterior) significarvation of those qualities is essential if the area is nee and serve an important public need and where the prese Hualalai Road to the north(Figure 3-1). The short-term measurements were then compared to continue to serve its intended purpose. with the noise levels from the long-tens 24-hour measurements (see Section 3.4.2) and Picnic areas,recreation areas,playgrounds,active sports B 67(Exterior) areas,parks,residences,motels,hotels,schools, adjusted to a peak-hour,or worst traffic noise hour noise level. This was done by using the churches,libraries,and hospitals. difference between the peak hour measurement and the hourly measurement at the long-tens C 72(Exterior) Developed lands,properties,or activities not included in Cat onesA or B. site. Traffic volumes were simultaneously counted for most of the measurement sites. The D I I Undeveloped lands Residences,motels,hotels,public meeting rooms, traffic counts used three vehicle classifications:automobiles,medium trucks,and heavy trucks. I- 52(Interior) schools,churches,libraries,hospitals and auditoriums. Speeds were obtained using a radar gun. Noise measurements were not taken unless traffic Notes: Leq(h)is the one-hour energy equivalent sound level. source.Federal Highway Administration conditions were free-flow. The following is a description of the noise sensitive activities at the The interior noise level standard in activity category"E"applies to: measurement sites: Indoor activities for those parcels where no exterior noise sensitive land use or 3.4.1.1 Site 1 activities have been identified, such as apartment buildings, hospitals, and At Kona Islander Inn,a 15-minute measurement was taken approximately 18 feet from the front auditoriums;and of the Kona Islander Inn and approximately 80 feet to Kaukini Highway at a location that best Situations where the exterior activities are either remote from the highway or represents the closest areas of human activity with the most exposure to Kaukini Highway. The shielded,so that while the exterior activities remain undisturbed,noise nevertheless surrounding area consists of commercial and mixed residential buildings. A Leg of 57.9 dBA affects interior activities,motels/hotels with the building between the roadway and was recorded at 1:30 p.m. the pool area is one example. 3.4.1.2 Site 2 3.3 EXISTING AND FUTURE NOISE-SENSITIVE LAND USES Open space area in front of the Royal Kailian Condominiums. A 15-minute measurement was Existing and future noise sensitive land uses and activities adjacent to the proposed corridor taken approximately 230 feet from the front of the pool and approximately 33 feet from Kaukini and nearby major roadways were identified from site inspections and existing mapping. These Highway on top of the stone wall between Kaukini Highway and the condominiums,which is land use activities include residences, recreation and park areas, and institutions such as actually within the right-of-way(ROW)for the highway. The condominium is slightly elevated in relation to Kaukini Highway. The surrounding area consists of multi-family condominiums, University of Nations and open space. A Leg of 66.7 dBA was recorded at 2:10 p.m.at Site 2. Kuakini Highway Improvement Pmject 3-2 December 2006 Kuakini Highway Improvement Pmject 3,3 December 2006 Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report Because the measurement was taken in the highway ROW between the residential property 3.4.2 Long-Term Noise Measurements and the current roadway surface,the measurement is used to just to verify the TNM model. Long tens(24 hour)noise measurements were conducted at 2 sites to determine the noisiest Model site 2A(Section 3.5.1)will be used to address noise impacts on the property of the Royal traffic hours within the project area. Measurements were taken on August 9W'and November Kailian Condominiums. 16"2006. 3.4.1.3 Site 3 3.4.2.1 Site A For residences located on the Kaukini Highway side of the Billfisher Condominium,a 15-minute A 24-hour measurement was taken at Site A,a residential area just north of Onioni Street and measurement taken between Kaukini Highway and the property line of the Billfisher 45 feet from Kauldni Highway. The measurement location was chosen because it best Condominium, because it allowed traffic count to be taken during the measurement. The represents areas of human activity with the most exposure to traffic noise on Kaukini Highway. measurement location was actually within the ROW for the highway though. The surrounding The surrounding area is open space with mixed-use commercial located across Kaukini area consists of residential and commercial land uses. A Leq of 66.4 dBA was recorded at Highway. A peak-hour Leq of 65.2 dBA was measured at 6:00 A.M.on August 9,2005 at Site 11:30 a.m. Because the measurement was taken in the highway ROW between the residential A property and the current roadway surface,the measurement is used only to verify the TNM model. Model site 3A(Section 3.5.2)will be used to address noise impacts on the property of 3.4.2.2 Site 8 the Bilfsher Condominiums. A 24-hour measurement was taken at the Kama'aina Hale Condominium,north of the University of Nations,30 feet from the nearest building. The measurement location was chosen because it 3.4.1.4 Site 4 best represents the condominium's area of human activity with the most exposure to traffic 5921 Walua Road(Trent Residence), a 15-minute measurement taken at the side of the noise from Kaukini Highway. The surrounding area is open space. A peak hour Leq of 65.1 driveway facing Kauldni Highway. This area best represents the areas of human activity with dBAwas measured at 4:00 P.M.on November 16,2005. the most exposure to traffic noise on from Kaukini Highway. The surrounding area consists of single-family homes and mixed-use commercial buildings. A Leq of 52.9 dBA was recorded at 3.5 MODELING SITES 12:30 p.m.at Site 4. Four residential sites were modeled to supplement the measured sites or replace measurement 3.4.1.5 Site 5 sites that were taken along the existing roadway and within the highway ROW,but not in areas of frequent human use. The approximately location of the modeled sites is illustrated in Figure Site 5 was near the Bieck residence at 5885 Walua Road. The measurement was taken on the 3 1 side of the home,20 feet from the curb line of Kaukini Highway in the gravel area between the highway and 5885 Walua Road. The measurement was taken in this area because access to 3.5.1 Site 2A the area of frequent human use at the home was not readily available. The measurement site The Royal Kailuan Condominium modeling Site 2A was chosen to replace measurement Site 2 was within the highway ROW. The surrounding area consists of single-family homes and (Section 3.4.1.2),which is in located on the existing ROW line and not in an area of frequent commercial properties. A Leq of 62.7 dBA was recorded at 12:20 p.m. Because the human use. Modeling Site 2A is located 50 feet west of measurement Site 2 and approximately measurement was taken in the highway ROW between the residential property and the current 30 feet from the edge of the proposed roadway. A worst hour Leq of 65 dBA was modeled for roadway surface,the measurement is used to just to verify the TNM model. Model sites 5A and Site 2A. 5B(Section 3.5.3 and 3.5.4)will be used to address noise impacts on the residence in the area.. Kuakini Highway lmpmvement Pmject 34 December 2006 Kuakini Highway lmpmvement Pmject 3S December 2006 Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report 3.5.2 Site 3A 3.6 MODEL CALIBRATION King Fisher Condominium modeling location was chosen to show noise levels at the front of the The traffic noise prediction model was calibrated to adjust the model to actual site conditions. building at a location that better represents area of frequent activity. Modeling Site 3A replaces Model calibration is performed by adjusting calculated future noise levels by adding a constant measurement Site 3(Section 3.4.1.3),which is in the located in the highway ROW between the derived from the difference between measured and calculated noise levels at representative existing highway surface and the property line of the King Fisher Condominiums. Site 3A is sites.The distinction between calculated and predicted noise levels is as follows: located 90 feet south of measurement Site 3 and would be 10 feet from the front of the Calculated noise levels(existing or future)are the results of the model condominium. A worst hour Leq of 60 dBA was modeled for Site 3A. Predicted noise levels are adjusted or"calibrated"modeled values 3.5.3 Site 5A FHWA Traffic Noise Model(TNM)version 2.5 was used to model existing traffic noise levels at Modeling Site 5A is located at a residence between Kaukini Highway and Walua Road. This the measurement sites along the existing Kuakini Highway and the sites along the proposed modeling location was chosen to replace measurement Site 5(Section 3.4.1.5),which is in the alternative(Figure 3-1). Geometries of the existing roadway and noise modeling sites were gravel parking area between the home and Kaukini Highway,which was within the highway entered into the model. Traffic volumes counted during the short-tens measurement periods ROW. Site 5A is located 60 feet west of the current edge of roadway and would be between 20 were scaled up to one-hour volumes and entered into the model along with the measured and 45 feet from the proposed edge of roadway. A worst-hour Leq of 57 dBA was modeled for vehicle speeds. Site 5A. There is reasonable agreement between measured and modeled noise levels(within 2.0 dB)for 3.5.4 Site 5B all the measured sites directly on Kaukini Highway. Sites 2A,3A,5A and 5B were modeled to Modeling Site 5B is located at a residence between Kaukini Highway and Walua Road. This show noise levels at the outdoor human use areas. modeling location was chosen to supplement modeling Site 5A. Site 5B is located 55 feet west of the current edge of roadway and would be between 20 and 40 feet from the proposed edge of 3.7 EXISTING NOISIEST TRAFFIC HOUR roadway.A worst-hour Leq of 63 dBA was modeled for Site 5B. To determine the existing worst-hour traffic noise levels,the 15-minute traffic counts taken during the noise readings were expanded to hourly volumes(multiplied by four)and entered into 3.5.5 Site B-M-1 the TNM model. The worst-hour noise level is based on the traffic volumes measured during Modeling Site B-M-1 is located at the Kama'aina Hale Condominium to supplement Site B long-term noise measurements on August 9,2005(Section 3.4.2). No corrections were made (Section 3.4.2.2). Site B-M-1 is located 60 feet west of the current edge of roadway and would for local roadways. The measured traffic conditions on local roadways were assumed to be 25 and 45 feet from the proposed edge of roadway.A worst-hour Leq of 66 was modeled for represent average conditions.The vehicle classifications that were observed and counted when Site B-M-1. the existing noise level measurements were conducted(Table 3-2)were used to model the existing year traffic noise. 3.5.6 Site B-M-2 Table 3-2.Existing Vehicle Classifications Modeling Site B-M-1 is also located at the Kama'aina Hale Condominium to supplement Site B Medium Heavy (Section 3.4.2.2). Site B-M-2 is located 60 feet from the current edge of roadway and would be Roadway Se ment Autos Trucks Trucks Northbound Kaukini Highway 99% 1 1% 0% 25 and 45 feet from the proposed edge of roadway. A worst-hour Leq of 67 was modeled for Southbound Kaukini Highway 99% 1 1% J 0 Site B-M-2. Kuakini Highway lmpmvement Pmject 3-6 December 2006 Kuakini Highway lmpmvement Pmject 3-7 December 2006 Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report 3.8 RESULTS OF EXISTING NOISE MEASUREMENTS Figure 3-1.Noise Measurement Locations Table 3-3 presents the modeled existing worst-hour traffic noise levels,the number of buildings represented by each measurement site,and the NAC for each of the short-term and modeled measurement locations. Worst-hour traffic noise levels for residential areas range from 53 dBA ,t to 66 dBA depending on the proximity of the receiver to the roadway traffic and the presence of buildings and topography providing noise attenuation between the receiver and the roadway. Resid t The worst-hour traffic noise levels approach or exceed the NAC at two of the measurement sites. Open pace see e Wit nen�M ee open See 2a See 2 Y ee G Pt Open Space 5e ee 5 See 56 See Leyeed Kuakini Highway Improvement Project Noise Measurement Locations Figure 3-1 I um.im sr< Kuakini Highway Improvement Pmject 3-8 December 2006 Kuakini Highway Improvement Pmject 3-9 December 2006 Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report CHAPTER 4 FUTURE TRAFFIC NOISE IMPACTS The noise impact analysis considers traffic noise levels at receivers for the two alternatives. 4.1 PREDICTION METHODOLOGY FHWA Traffic Noise Model(TNM)was used to model the noise levels in 2020 at 13 sites for the No Build Alternative along Kaukini Highway. Measurement sites 2,3,and 5 were within the Table 3.3.Existing Worst Hour Traffic Noise Levels existing ROW and were only used to verify the TN models,so only 10 sites are modeled for Dace and Nei. the Build Alternative. The No Build Alternative is used as the baseline of future traffic noise Type- Ti— Length or Number- Abatement Measuretl Id—d D elMp M me-e- MTe^[e- Receivers C-rim) Qfhh d Wor-)X BA levels. Noise levels were calculated for the Year 2020 traffic. SXe Loptbn Re resentetl CrRerion` LT ly LA M1 — O5 SIte1 Kona Islander Inn Hotel 1:30 15 min 10 B 5].9 57.5 Royal Kailuan 11-17-05 Input variables to noise modeling and analysis include traffic volumes,speeds and vehicle fleet site2 Resitlential 15 min 0 B 66.] 64.] Roar Kailluen z.19 .m mix(auto,medium truck,and heavy truck percentages). The noise analysis considers the peak site Zl COMominium Resitlential Motlektl 44 B nla 61 4 (Modeling—) traffic hour as the noisiest hour of the day. The number of vehicles expected to travel on she 3 c mommmm Resitlenlial 1 130... 1s ram o B fifi.a ss.4 Kuakini Highway in 2020 is based on traffic data from Traffic Modeling analysis,July 2006,and Bin Fis- she3A comombinm Reaitlenlial Mmelea 12 B ma ss.z summarized below. Motlelin sne site4 5921 Walua Road Resitlential 8-9-05 15 min 2 B 52.9 51e 12a9.m Table 4-1.No Build Alternative 2020 Traffic Volumes sites %85 Walua Road Resitlential 11-17-05 15 min 0 B 62.] 63.9 12:29.m. NB SB sire 5A 5=,,InIa Roaa Reaitlenlial Mmelea z B n�a s3.5 Between Cross Between Cross Vehicles Vehicles Posted Speed M ,,in' sne Roadwa Street Street per Hour P. Hour Limit MPH sire 5B sees walna Roaa Reaitlenlial Moaelea z B n�a se.9 Kaukini HwyFuture AI"Hw Onioni St 740 475 40 Motlelin sne si.A Resitlen-north of Reaitlenlial a-9-95 24 hrs z B n�a s9.z Kaukini Hwy Onioni St Univ.of Nations g65 605 40 Onioni St— y Entrance Kama aina Hale she B comombinm outtloor a-s-9s za hrs e B ma ss.s Kaukini Hwy Univ.of Nations Hualalai Rd 955 795 40 site B- Kama aina Hale ONtloor Modeled 8 B n\a 643 Entrance M-1 condominium Note. NB=Northbound site B- Kama aina Hale ONtloor Motleletl 8 B n\a 65.5 SB=Southbound M-2 co_.inium Table 4-2.Build Alternative 2020 Traffic Volumes Between NB SB Vehicles Vehicles Posted Speed Roadway Cross Street Cross Street per Hour per Hour Limit MPH Kuakini Highwaylmprovement Project 3-10 December ZOOfi Kaukini Hwy Future Alin Hwy Onioni St 740 475 40 —ft nano N—Impact]ecnmeal Report Univ.of Nations Kaukini Hwy Orion St Entrance 865 605 40 Kaukini Hwy Univ.of Nations Hualalai Rd 955 795 40 Entrance Note. NB=Northbound SB=Southbound Kuakini Highway lmprevement Pmject 4-1 December 2006 Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report Future vehicle mix is projected to be 99 percent autos and one percent medium trucks for all roadways. Vehicle mix is based on traffic counts taken during the noise measurements(Table 3-2). 4.2 NOISE IMPACT ANALYSIS In terms of the one-hour Leq(h)noise descriptor, a noise impact could potentially require mitigation if either of the following conditions is predicted to occur: Future year traffic noise approaches or exceeds the FHWA NAC;or Table 4.3.N.Build Worst Hour Traffic Noise Levels Mmeletl Mmeletl No Noise Future year traffic noise substantially exceeds(15 dBA or more)the existing ambient Existing want- Build— Leq(n),dBA Abace— HourLeq(h), Warst-Hour Increase(+)or Category I."d Type Is, noise level. sne lgpinn dBA L M1,tlBA Oecreau- Criterion AIE,or None slte 1 Kona Islander Inn 57.5 69 +2 B None Royal Kailuan site Zl Comominium s1.4 64 +3 B None 4.2.1 No-Build Alternative Mmelin sne Bill Fisher Co momini 3A um 56.2 Ea +3 B None Under the No-Build Alternative,predicted 2020 traffic noise levels at the receiver sites are site M—in sne site4 s921 Walua Rom s2.9 56 +3 B None expected to be in the range of no change to a 3 dBA increase over the existing peak hour noise site sA sees walua Rosa s3.s ss .z B None Mme lin s0e levels. The NAC of Leq(h)67 dBA is predicted to be approached or exceeded at two receivers, site sB 5 Walua Road se.0 61 +3 B None Mmelin s0e Site Band B M-2(Table 4-3). si.A Residence north of onion sn2 63 +3 B None St— site B K.—in.Hale 6s.s fi0 +2 B NE 4.2.2 Build Alternative Comommmm site B-M-1 Kama aina Hale 62.3 64 +2 B None Comominium Predicted 2020 traffic noise levels for the Build Alternative are expected to increase over the No site B-M-2 Kama aina Hale 63.5 fifi +2 B aE omommium Build noise levels. The NAC of Leq(h)67 dBA is predicted to be approached or exceeded at Noe. - ype s=saestat,allnea.a(15dar.,.o),NE-ApP haE dNC three receivers,Site B,Site B-M-1 and Site B-M-2(Table 4-4). Sites 2,3 and 5 were above the NAC for the No Build Alternative but are within the highway ROW and therefore within the footprint of the Build Alternative. Kuakini Highway Improvement Project 4-3 December MOfi Draft Trarftc Noise Impact Technical Report Kuakini Highway lmpmvement Project 4-2 December 2006 Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report CHAPTER 5 NOISE ABATEMENT MEASURES Noise abatement measures must be considered as part of the project if traffic noise impacts are identified. Impacts occur at sites where traffic noise levels approach or exceed the NAC of 4g(h)67 dBA,or substantially exceed(by 15 dBA or more)the ambient noise levels. HDOT's Noise Analysis and Abatement Policy is used to determine whether noise abatement measures can be implemented,depending on whether these measures are reasonable and feasible based Table 44.Build Al-tive Worst Hour Tratfic Noise Levels on the following criteria: M—Wd 2020 Modeled 2020 Noiu NOBuild Worst- Build—r—im. LeglhhdBA Abatement Hoar Leglht, worst-Hoar morease I-)or —Ns- Impact Type IS, Provide a minimum noise reduction of 5 dBA SR. Location dBA Le h,dBA Deoreaae- crnerion Are or None S11e 1 Konalslanderinn 60 61 B None Roral Kailuan • Cost of noise abatement does not exceed$35,000 per residence benefited Site 2A CO —nium 64 65 +1 B None Modelin Sne sire 3A Bin Ehber Comommiam ss ss +1 B None Number of residences protected will include all dwelling units-owner occupied Modelin Sne she a ss21 walaa Road 56 57 +1 B None houses,rental units,mobile homes,etc.All units benefited by a 5 dBA or more noise Site SA 5fifi5 W.I.Road 56 5] +1 B None Modelin Sne reduction are counted regardless of whether they were identified as impacted Site 5B SBBS W.I.Road s1 63 +2 B None Modelin Sne ViewsSi.A Residence north or s3 sa +1 B None Views from impacted residences are a major consideration in the reasonableness of onioni S— Kama aina Hale noise abatement measures Site B C.—in fi0 fi0 0 B P/E Kamaaina Hale • Residential areas where future traffic noise levels are greater than 70 dBA,or 20 Site B-M-1 COMomin= 64 fifi +2 B P/E Kama aina Hale dBA higher than existing noise levels,will be given greater consideration Site B-M-2 C.—inium fifi fi] +1 B P/E Hop- aE=ApRoach Er«edNAc ra_ rPs=sabap�aa�m°m�ensaar� Residential areas along highways at a new location, and residential areas ormoreza constructed before an existing highway,will be given greater consideration Noise abatement would only be considered at existing noise sensitive sites, or planned development sites where building permit approvals have been obtained,and would only apply to outdoor ground level areas. The noise abatement to be included in the proposed project will be based on an engineer's cost Koak estimate of the feasible abatement measures identified in this report after the preferred —ft namc Noy:a impacr]ammcar Rs d alternative is selected. 5.1 NOISE ABATEMENT EVALUATION: NO BUILD ALTERNATIVE The No Build Alternative has one site,Site B that approaches or exceeds the NAC(Table 4-3). The No Build Alternative is used as the baseline of future traffic noise levels. Noise abatement was not modeled for the No Build alternative. Kuakini Highway lmpmvement Pmject 5-1 December 2006 Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report 5.2 NOISE ABATEMENT EVALUATION: BUILD ALTERNATIVE The reasonableness of the various feasible noise bamers was then evaluated by comparing the The Build Alternative has three sites,Site B,Site B-M-1 and Site B-M-2,that are predicted to maximum allowable cost to the engineer's cost estimate for the feasible noise barriers(Table approach or exceed the NAC in 2020(Table 4-4). The future 2020 noise level at Site B is the 5-3). A noise barrier is deemed reasonable only if the estimated cost is less than the maximum same for either the No Build Alternative or the Build Alternative,exceeding the NAC of 67 dBA. allowable cost. The noise barrier would protect eight residences along the northbound side of Under the Build Alternative,this site is considered to have a noise impact requiring noise Kaukini Highway,just north of the University of Nations. At an allowance of$35,000 per abatement. benefited residences,the maximum allowance for the NBA noise barrier is$280,000 and for $560,000 for NB-2. A noise barrier wall was modeled for the impacted receivers at Site B,Site B-M-1 and Site B-M-2,the Kama'aina Hale Condos. Table 5-1 shows the modeled noise level reduction for Table 5-3.Summary of Noise Barrier Reasonableness for Build Alternative different heights of noise barrier walls. Noise Maximum Barrier Noise Number of Allowance per Maximum Engineer's Table 5-1.Modeled Noise Levels,Leq(h)and Insertion Loss,dBA for Build Alternative Barrier Benefited Benefited Allowance Per Cost Is Barrier Leq fill With Barrier With Barrier With Barrier With Barrier I.D. Height Residences Residence Noise Barrier Estimate Reasonable? dBA H=8ft H=loft H=12ft H=14ft NB-1 8feet 8 $35,000 $280,000 $79,900 Yes Without Noise NB-1 10 feet 8 $35,000 $280,000 $99,875 Yes Abate- Barrie Location Leq 1hl I.L. Le q fill I.L. Leal fill I.L. Leal fill I.L. NB-1 12 feet 8 $35,000 $280,000 $115,150 Yes Site ment r of Bandar dBA tlBA dBA dBA dBA dBA dBA dBA Site 68 NB-1 EOS 60 8 58 10 57 11 56 12 NB-1 14 feet 8 $35,000 $280,000 $128,075 Yes NB-2 8feet 16 $35,000 $560,000 $76,500 Yes Site B- 66 NB-2 EOS 57 9 55 11 54 12 54 12 NB-2 10 feet 16 $35,000 $560,000 $95,621 Yes M-1 Site B- NB-2 12 feet 16 $35,000 $560,000 $110,250 Yes M2 67 NB-2 EOS 64 3 62 5 60 7 60 7 N13-2 14 feet 16 $35,000 $560,000 $122,625 Yes Note. it=feet,I.L.=Insertion Loss,NB=Noise Barrier,EOS=edge of shoulder,ROW=right-0f-way (XX)=Values bolded are the abated noise level(Leq(h)dBA)and insertion loss(I.L.dBA)for the 5.3 PRELIMINARY NOISE ABATEMENT DECISION recommended nose barrier heights.(I don't understand why you need this here) Noise barriers NB-1 and NB-2,along the edge of the shoulder between Kuakini Highway and A 10 foot high 235 foot long noise barrier for NB-1 is recommended for the edge of the shoulder Kama'aina Hale Condos for a length of approximately 235 feet for NBA and 225 feet for NB-2, along the northern section of the Kama'aina Hale Condos and a 8 foot high 225 foot long noise would provide a minimum of 5 dBA traffic noise reduction to the impacted receivers at Sites B, barrier for NB-2 is recommended for the edge of the shoulder along the southern half of the B-M-1,and B-M-2. NB-l's length is the entire frontage of the condos along Kuakini Highway Kama'aina Hale Condos because it would abate the modeled noise impact to a level below the north of the driveway. NB-2's length is the entire frontage of the south of the driveway to the NAC. A higher noise barrier is not recommended because:(a)the incremental noise benefit is property line. The modeled and recommended barrier location is presented in Table 5-2 and small,(b)taller barriers have other impacts,such as visual impacts,and(c)taller barriers are shown in Figure 5-1. more costly,making them less reasonable. Table 5-2.Feasible Noise Abatement Measure for Build Alternative Location of Barrier in Barrier I.D. App— Receiver Sites Report No. Location Barrier Length Benefited Graphics NB-1 EOS 235 ft Site B Figure 5-1 NB-2 EOS 225 It Site B-M-1 and Figure 5-1 Site B-M-2 Note. EOS=edge of shoulder. Kuakini Highway lmpmvement Pmject 5-2 December 2006 Kuakini Highway lmpmvement Pmject 53 December 2006 Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report Figure 5-1.Noise Barrier Location CHAPTER 6 CONSTRUCTION NOISE IMPACTS The duration and level of construction noise depend on the phase and type of activity,such as: ground clearing,demolition and removal of existing structures,trees,rocks and soil; excavation; placement of foundations and roadbeds,including pile driving; VI erection of structures including retaining walls;and finishing,including filling,grading,paving,landscaping and cleanup operations. The first two phases,ground dearing and excavation,typically generate the highest noise levels. Noise generated by construction equipment, including trucks, graders, bulldozers, concrete mixers and portable generators can reach levels from 67 dBA to 98 dBA at 50 feet. Construction equipment noise emissions are regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency's Noise Control Program(Part 204 of Title 40,Code of Federal Regulations). Presently, s1�ee air compressors are the only equipment under regulation,and no new regulations are currently under consideration. Noise levels for equipment which might be used during the excavation and construction of the sdeern-� proposed project are presented in Table 6-1. The noise levels presented are at a reference distance of 50 feet. Since construction equipment noise levels decrease at a rate of site.M approximately 6 dBA per doubling of distance,at 100 feet the noise levels would be about 6 dBA less than the levels shown at 50 feet. Similarly,at 200 feet the noise levels would be 12 _ snes dBA less than shown. Intervening structures or topography can act as a noise barrier to further ` reduce noise levels. site 3A Table 6-1.Construction Equipment Noise Levels Source L_50 feet Model Tested Backhoe 85 dBA John Deere 609A Front Loader 84 dBA Caterpillar 980 Dozer 84 dBA Caterpillar We Grader 91 dBA Caterpillar 16 snEu Scraper 92 dBA Caterpillar 660 Legexd Coro ressor 80-89 dBA Various Tested Kuakini Highway Improvement Project Pile Dnver 95-100 dBA Various Tested -sort...w<n�.<.<m xos<e:.�i:.�oomio� NOISE BEmIEr LOLEtIOn Source. Federal Hghway Adminisit.,Hghway Con9m—.Noise.Measurement,Pmdicti —Mit,,,,t ,lV13 Figure 6-1 �rove<im s. Kuakini Highway lmpmvement Project 54 December 2006 Kuakini Highway Improvement Project 6-1 December 2006 Draft Tmffic Noise Impact Technical Report Draft Tmffic Noise Impact Technical Report The State of Hawaii Department of Health(DOH)maintains community noise control standards apply to any work performed pursuant to the contract. Each internal combustion that apply to construction noise. The project could not exceed the stipulated noise limits unless engine used for any purpose on the job,or related to the job,shall be equipped with a variance is granted by the DOH. a muffler of a type recommended by the manufacturer. No internal combustion Two measures which would minimize adverse construction noise impacts are: engine shall be operated on the project without a muffler. limit activities to between 7:00 a.m.and 6:00 p.m.on weekdays,and between 9:00 5. Time and Activity Constraints-The noisier activity involving large machinery could a.m.and 6:00 p.m.on Saturdays,and be limited to daytime hours when most people normally impacted are either not present or engaged in less noise sensitive activities. Nighttime construction would require construction equipment to have mufflers in good working order. require a variance. Compliance with local noise ordinances is anticipated to mitigate Noise control measures during construction would be required to minimize impacts on existing impacts associated with construction noise. To comply with the ordinance, all noise sensitive land uses. Because impacts to residences cannot be accurately determined construction activities adjacent to residential uses will be limited to daytime hours without detailed construction plans and schedules,the measures recommended in this section (7:00 a.m.to 7:00 p.m.),Monday through Saturdays. should be re-evaluated in greater detail as project design is refined.. General abatement 6. Community Relations-Community meetings can be held to explain the construction measures presented below are recommended as guidelines in developing construction plans work,time involved,and the control measures to be taken to reduce the impact of that consider the adverse impacts of construction noise. the construction noise. 1. Design Considerations-During the early stages of construction plan development, The aforementioned measures can be incorporated into site specific construction plans in order natural and artificial barriers, such as ground elevation changes and existing to minimize noise impacts to sensitive receivers along the project corridor,and additional noise buildings, can be considered for use as shielding against construction noise. emission limits could be developed as well. Construction hours could be set,and noise level Strategic placement of stationary equipment,such as compressors and generators, criteria could be decided upon and adhered to during construction. could reduce impacts at the sensitive receivers. 2. Construction of Noise Barriers During Initial Stages-Noise barriers planned for permanent placement along the ROW for traffic noise abatement could be constructed during the initial stages to reduce the impacts of construction noise. Initial construction of noise barriers would significantly reduce construction noise impacts at the sensitive receivers. 3. Alternate Construction Methods-Certain phases of highway construction work such as pile dnving may produce noise levels in excess of acceptable limits,even when feasible noise reduction methods are used. These impacts may be reduced by using alternate methods of construction. In the case of pile driving,vibration or hydraulic insertion could be used. Drilled holes for cast-in-place piles are another alternative that would produce significantly lower levels of noise. 4. Source Control-The contractor shall comply with HDOT Standard Specifications and all local sound control and noise level rules,regulations and ordinances which Kuakini Highway Improvement Project 6-2 December 2006 Kuakini Highway Improvement Project 6,3 December 2006 Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report CHAPTER 7 REFERENCES Federal Highway Administration (FHWA); Highway Construction Noise: Measurement, Prediction,and Mitigation,1976 Federal Highway Administration(FHWA); Procedures for Abatement of Highway Traffic and Construction Noise,Code of Federal Regulations 23CFR 772,1995 State of Hawaii,Department of Transportation(HDOT),Highways Divisions;Noise Analysis and Abatement Policy,October,1996 Kuakini Highway lmpmvement Project 7-1 December 2006 Draft Traffic Noise Impact Technical Report Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, Phase 2 Draft Environmental Assessment APPENDIX H CULTURAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT March 2013 IARII 200530 —DRAFT REPORT- -draft report— A CULTURAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR THE A Cultural Impact Assessment Study for the KUAKINI HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT,PHASE 2 HUALALAI Kuakini Highway Improvements Project, ROAD TO ALII HIGHWAY,KAILUA KONA Phase 2 Hualalai Road to Alii Highway, ISLAND OF HAWAI`I Kailua Kona,Island of Hawaii by by Usha K.Prasad,Ph.D. Usha K.Prasod Social Research Pacific,Inc. Social Research Pacific,Inc. 667 Old Mokapu Road Kailua,Hawaii 96734 Prepared for: Parsons Brinkerhoff Quade&Douglas,Inc. American Savings Bank Tower Prepared fora 1001 Bishop Street,Suite 2400 Parsons BrinckerhoffQuade&Douglas,Inc. Honolulu,Hawaii 96813 Under contract with Under contract with INTERNA7TONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESE4RCHINS77TUTE,INC. International Archaeological Research Institute,Inc. APRIL 2006 2081 Young Street Honolulu,Hawaii 96826 April 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLE Figure 1. Map ofthe Project Area........................................................................................ 3 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLE........................................................................................ iv Figure 2. Traditional Land Units(ahupua'a)in the Project Area........................................ 4 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 1 Figure 3. Map of Early Fields at Kealakekua Bay,Hawaii Island...................................... 5 Project Goals...................................................................................................................... 1 Figure4. View ofthe Country Back ofKailua.................................................................... 7 Project Location................................................................................................................. 2 Figure 5a.Photograph by W.T.Brigham,June 11,1890,showing"Laniakea" Overview—The Project Area and Its Surroundings.......................................................... 3 on the left and the Thurston Schoolhouse on the right......................................... 8 STUDY RESULTS:IDENTIFICATION(AND MITIGATION)OF POTENTIAL Figure 5b.Photograph of Thurston House Ruins,January 2006,with possible Chimney CULTURAL IMPACTS FOR THE EXPANSION OF KUAKINI HIGHWAY.................... 13 Feature in the Upper Right Comer....................................................................... 9 PROTOCOL 1:Identify and Consult with Individuals and Organizations with Figure 6. LCA Lots within the Project Area........................................................................ 9 Expertise Concerning the Types of Cultural Resources,Practices and Beliefs Figure 7. Map showing the Kailua-Keahou Road and Surveyor's Right of Way Lines Found within the Broad Geographical Area,e.g.,District or Ahupua`a....................... 14 for the Proposed Kuakini Highway in 1952......................................................... 16 PROTOCOL 2:Identify and Consult with Individuals and Organizations with Knowledge of the Area Potentially Affected(APA)by the Proposed Action.............. 15 Table 1. Ahupua'a Lands Crossed by the Kuakini Highway Project Area......................... 10 PROTOCOL 3:Receive Information from or Conduct Ethnographic Interviews and Oral Histories with Persons Having Knowledge of the Potentially Affected Area....... 17 PROTOCOL 4: Conduct Ethnographic,Historical,Anthropological,Sociological, and Other Culturally Related Documentary Research................................................... 17 PROTOCOL 5: Identify and Describe the Cultural Resources,Practices and Beliefs Located within the Potentially Affected Area................................................................ 17 PROTOCOL 6: Assess the Impact of the Proposed Action,Alternatives to the Proposed Action,and Mitigation Measures on the Cultural Resources, Practices and Beliefs Identified..................................................................................... 21 POTENTIAL CULTURAL IMPACTS:A SUMMARY........................................................ 25 CONCLUSIONS.................................................................................................................... 27 REFERENCES CITED.......................................................................................................... 29 APPENDIX A GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSING CULTURAL IMPACTS ADOPTED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL COUNCIL,STATE OF HAWAI`I NOVEMBER 19,1997. 31 APPENDIX B KUPUNA AND OTHERS CONSULTED FOR INFORMATION ABOUT TRADITIONAL BELIEFS AND LAND USES IN THE PROJECT AREA......... 37 in iv INTRODUCTION This CIA is based on ethnographic and archival research completed on the Kuakini Highway project area and its surroundings.While the EC protocol is followed in its entirety,the primary goals of this study were to(a)identify cultural resources and cultural practices in and Planning is underway for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project,Phase 2,in around the project area,and(b)assess the potential for impacts to these as a result of the Kailua-Kona,Hawaii Island. The proposed improvements extend from the intersection of proposed widening ofthe highway. The identification of historic properties(including potential Kuakini Highway and Hualalai Road to the intersection with the proposed future Alit Highway. (cultural resources)in the project area was conducted by IARII during the time the ethnographic The project,which specifically involves a widening of the roadway would be a continuation of work was being done on this CIA. One type of cultural resource that is of particular concern is improvements currently underway(Phase 1)for the portion of the highway that ends at Hualalai the presence of burials within the project corridor.While the archaeology survey identified Road.Phase 2 includes an area that is approximately 6000 meters(1.2 miles)long. This surface structures,the ethnographic interviews attempted to identify any other known historic Cultural Impact Assessment(CIA)is being prepared for International Archaeological Research properties,especially burials,that may be within the construction corridor and it general vicinity. Institute,Inc.(IARII)by Social Research Pacific,Inc(SRPI),and assesses the possible impacts Since burials have been found during previous work along Kuakini Highway,a major goal ofthe that the Kuakini Highway project may have on cultural resources and practices in the project ethnographic study was to locate individuals and families who could help identify other potential area. burials and areas of general concern. While no additional burial locations were identified during the course of the interviews and site visits,it is possible that unknown burials and associated Preparation of the CIA,as explained in the main CIA guidance document(Hawai`i,State features may be encountered during project construction. of,Environmental Council 1997),involves collection of ethnographic and ethnohtstorical information for the purpose of identifying impacts of a"proposed action on cultural practices and In order to meet the goals identified for this study,interviews and site visits were features associated with the project area."The two primary tasks identified for completing this completed with kupuna(Hawaiian elders)who are knowledgeable about the area's native study are ethnographic and documentary research. Ethnographic information gathered from Hawaiian cultural properties and practices.Interviews were also held with present and former interviews,discussions,and site visits have helped to identify(a)areas of traditional significance residents ofthe project area,both of Hawaiian and non-Hawaiian ancestry. It should be noted in and around the Kuakini Highway project area,and(b)the potential impacts ofthe proposed that the CIA guidelines emphasize that these policies require government agencies to promote project. Information from archival research provides the culturally significant traditional native and preserve the cultural beliefs,practices,and resources of native Hawaiians,as well as those of Hawaiian context ofthe project area. other ethnic groups. An important consideration for the Kailua-Kona area is that the present community is predominantly of non-Hawaiian ancestry. Two site visits to Kailua-Kona were The CIA study was done by Usha K.Pmsad,Ph.D.,of SRPI. Thts draft report concludes completed.Both entailed walks in and around the project area to identify cultural resources and the primary analysis for the CIA. The potential cultural impacts and areas/places oftraditional general areas of[historic]cultural significance.(A third visit for the purpose ofpresenttng the [cultural]Hawaiian significance identified during the course ofthis study are presented here. A project to the Hawaii Island Burial Council was also completed). more comprehensive report of historic properties in the vicinity ofthe project area is found in the archaeological survey report(Rasmussen 2006)that this CIA accompanies. Of the cultural resources identified(through written records,oral accounts and site visits) in the project area,burials of native Hawaiians who were once kupa(citizen/resident)to this land maybe inadvertently found during the project. Several burial sites have previously been identified(at least two ofthese have modem markers)in the immediate vicinity ofthe project Project Goals area.One ofthese is an individual burial marker built on the sidewalk along the existing Kuakini Highway,fronting Coconut Grove Marketplace.The second lies adjacent to the southeastern Articles IX and XII ofthe State Constitution of Hawaii(Chapter 343,Hawaii Revised edge ofthe parking lot of Coconut Grove Marketplace. Statutes)require government agencies to promote and preserve cultural beliefs,practices,and resources of Native Hawaiians and other ethnic groups.As such,environmental impact Project Location assessments and statements need to study the impacts of a proposed action on cultural practices and features associated with a project area.Act 50(April 26,2000),Section 343-2,ofthe The project area is located on the western slopes of Hualalai Mountain on the island of Hawaii Revised Statutes(HRS)further amends the definition of environmental impact Hawaii(Fig.1). It is within the traditional land district of Kona and crosses most ofKailua- statement to include`effects of a proposed action on the economic[and]welfare,social welfare, Kona town before merging with Queen Kaahumanu Highway to continue as the state-owned and cultural practices ofthe community and State.' The"Guidelines for Assessing Cultural Kuakini Highway. The county-owned Kuakini Highway,which is the subject of this report,is Impacts,"adopted by the Environmental Council ofthe State of Hawaii,on November 19,1997, situated makai(towards the ocean)of Queen Kaahumanu Highway,mnning parallel to it for identifies the protocol for conducting cultural assessments(see Appendix A). This study follows most of the way. Although a relatively small segment of the highway,the portion of Kuakini the guidelines established by the Environmental Council(EC);its results are presented in Highway that makes up the project area falls within nine traditional land units or ahupua'a accordance with the six protocols established by the EC guidelines. (Fig.2). These are: 1 2 1. Hienaloli 6'h 2. `Auhaukea`e 1" / 3. `Auhauke'a`e 2' 4. Pua`a 1"' i 5. Pua`a 2 6. Pua`a3' u�G�w.r �•-� 7. Waiaha 1" ".,�+' j !« �• m 8. Waiaha 2' 9. Kahului 1" Avv�m�me�onn While Kuakini Highway serves as a major eomdor�through the busy town of Kailua,it - -- H �•m'r __ „��„�n�,,,,y.,,� also crosses through a historically significant native Hawaiian settlement area.Remnants of prehistoric and historic uses of the area are still found in features such as historic walls,fence --- enclosures,burials,and heiau(religious shrines of varied significance). Kailua is one of the few areas in Hawaii that offers an opportunity to look at human settlement,spanning the period from I the earliest chiefdoms known to the present day. In this time,land use[of Kailua as well as the remainder of Kona]has changed dramatically,as has the population. This temporal history of - ••"" Kailua-Kona is briefly discussed in the following section. Figure 2.Traditional Land Units(ahupua`a)in the Project Area. r Overview-The Project Area and Its Surroundings •-'>•.. The lands within which the project area falls four a very significant part of Hawai`i's _ history. Settlement and use of Kona lands is known from as early as the 1400s,when`Ehu-kai- ,� malino was chief. According to Kamakau(1961:32),`Ehu ranked second only to Liloa and was his contemporary. The greatest of all kings was perhaps`Umi-a-Liloa,the son of Liloa who is known for conquering and uniting and island of Hawaii.These early kingdoms would involve significant economic,political and religious development of the area.Population would have increased,as would have the number of permanent settlements in and around the kingdom. In Figure 1.Map of the Project Area. order to accommodate the needs of a larger,more settled population,food resources(agriculture, fishponds,)and religious features(heiau)would have increased.The growing(and sedentary) An cff-m beat.when or why the ahp-',subdivisions mok place did not yield more specific information.It population gave impetus for large scale developments such as the Kona Field System. T.Shell is known how or,that Nap.'.I'and Puapu.'.20°(,hp-',—h ofth.prjoet ar area)w originally lismd Newman(1970),who completed one of the earliest archaeological studies ofthis agricultural as Puapu.'.-ikivand Puapu.'..ui.It is likely that this`re-Iab.Iing(fin.Hawaiian to English)was also don.with system,estimated that it was up to three miles wide and eighteen miles long(National Register th.r.maining ahapw',within th.project arc..It is also very likely that th.subdividing was don.to d.h.... of Historic Places,Site 10-37-6601).Figure 3 shows Newman's map of the portion of the Kona specific boundaries fora family member or grup. Field System that stretched across Kealakekua Bay. The fields continued north to include the z Alii Driv,which runs pa.11cl to the shoreline,forms the other major thoroughfare in Kailua. amain back of Kailua town and somewhat beyond. According to Kelly(1983:70-71)what is 3 4 The houses,which me neat,are generally built on the sea-shore,shaded with cocoanut[sic]and kov EARLY netos AT nc-c , trees,which greatly enliven the scene.The environs were cultivated to a considerable extent in every n.rw�si tsuxp direction.Small gardens were seen among the barren rocks on which the houses are built,wherever •b•+^°^'^ Q...... soil could be found sufficient to nourish the sweet potato,the water melon,or even a 1'ew plants of ....,. tobacco, y places d to be growing literally the fragments of lava II t d an small heaps d then Texas(Ellis 1963 27) After traveling over the lava Imaboutamile,the hollowsin thelocksbegantobel filled with alight brown sod,and about hall mile further,the 1 t ly covered with a rich Id 1 Tmed Q r••� y SY _ by decayed vegetation and decomposed lava Here They enjoyed the agreeable shade,olbread-fruit and,hi,trees The path now lay through a beautiful pan ofthe country,quite garden p d with that through which they had passed,on first leaving the m.n.It was generally divided d t small �. It fields,about fifteen rods square,t'enced with low stone II de offingrocrus of lava li h had been gathered from the surface of the enclosures These fieldswereplamedwillibanareas, t r") r potatoes,mountain taro,tapa trees,melons and sug flourishing luxuriantly to every direction. r! Having travelled about three to four miles thorough this delightful region,and passed several valuable pools of fresh water,they arrived at the thick woods,which extends several miles up the sides of the lofty mountain that rises immediately behind Karroo. Leaving Karroo,we passed through the villages thickly scattered along the shore to the southward. --— �t e a .�� The country around looked unusually greendcheerful,owning to the frequent Tarns,which]or ..._______ !! '•, ." ,:, some months past have fallen on thisside of the island Even the barren lava,over which we travelled ..:..;o-..._.:.. ..:. [sic],seemed to veil its sterility beneath frequent tolls ol'tall waving gross,or spreading shrubs and ��n N flowers. The sides of the hills,laid out for considerable extent in gardens and fields,and generally cultivated Figure 3.Map of Early Fields at Kealakekua Bay,Hawaii Island(m p 13 1970). with potatoes,and other vegetables,were beautiful. The number of heraus,and depositories of the dead,which we passed,convinced us that this part of the island must formerly have him populous.The latter were built with In grams of lava,laid up known today as the Kona Field System is based on claims to cultivated lands documented in the evenly on the outside,generally about eight feet long,from four to six broad,and about four feet high. Native Register(prior to passage of the Kuleana Act in 1850).Plants such as taro,sweet potato, Some appeared very ancient,others had evidently been standing but a few years(,bid 72-73). breadfruit,sugarcane,plantains and paper mulberry were cultivated in elaborate terraces that spanned from Kailua to Kealakekua(Handy and Handy 1991:525-527). Ellis'descriptions include some of the important cultural resources and land use practices Once he united all of the districts on Hawaii(through warfare),the great chief`Umi-a- that were taking place in Kailua in the early 1800s.He was unaware that he was witnessing at Liloa wanted to make Kona his new home.Under his rule,the island was divided into two least one if not two major agricultural developments known from Kona. Ellis'description is kingdoms—one located in Kom and the other in Hilo(Kamakau 1992:34). After`Umi's time,a likely referencing what is now known as the Kona Field System(see above),but he may also succession of chiefs reigned in Kona.In historic times,following the death of Captain Cook,the have come across the Kuahewa'plantation which was started by Kamehameha 14 great chief Ka-lani-`opu`u moved to Kailua after brief stays in Kaittaliu and Keauhou(Kamakau Kamakau(1992:204)describes Kuahewa as a large tract of land in the uplands of Kailua. 1992,105).Kuakini,whose name is used on several sites and features in Kailua including the The Hawaiian newspaper,Ka Nat Aupuni(July 16,1906),describes a visit by Kamehameha to project area,was one of the last of the Hawaiian high chiefs to live in Kailua Kuahewa(in Handy and Handy 1991:524): Early historical accounts of Kailua describe how the town appeared to these visitors. Commonly cited for his detailed description of the town of Kailua,the missionary William Ellis ' It rs unclear as to the location nfKuah,w,phimmon rn relation To the Kona field System.Using Kamakau's left a lasting impression of his visit to Hawaii in 1823. In the following account,Ellis describes ace um and information from local informants,rn 1954 Kelsey aad K,kahuna located Kuahewa rn portions of what he saw as he walked from the shoreline further inland and eventually to points south of Lanihau 2,M...no.I and 2,and Koapu I ahp-',(in Kelly 1983:75). Kailua: 4 Kamchamcha n:tm,,d To Ka autled am(the eye of the turtle),from when,he rated over Hawaii.Once a Fairly ,labmm compound,the modem pier at Kailua was constructed above the grounds of K—kahmat.The ,.building of`Ahu`...Hciau,rn its pros—replica form,was mal—k,n by Kamchamcha 1(Kona Hismrical Society 1998:24). 5 6 compared to other gardens shown in the drawing,and because it is walled,oriented laterally,and Very early in themorning everyone went to the shady uplands,and there they began to till the soil. appears to contain two houses within its walls(ibid). There was no favorite of Kamehameha's who did not grasp the b b and dig.All the chiefs and commoners united in this work.Kamehameha himself toiled with his chiefs and commoners. While its importance as a major cultural center for Hawaii has remained up through the In this work he grouped the men into three groups;the first,second,and third divisions.The work of present,settlement and development of Kona began to change more dramatically after the arrival the first group was to pull up the brush and to clear the field of weeds.The second group did the of foreigners. Among the first to arrive and settle in Kona was the Reverend Asa Thurston. digging and the breaking of the clods to soften the soil so that the digging implements could easily Thurston returned to settle in Kona in 1823 and built a house near Laniakea Cave(which also Penetrate it 1'or taro planting.The third group planted two stalks of every variety as well as sugar cane became the name of his residence);though currently in a densely overgrown area,the remnants and bananas.... of this house area can be found near the project area(figures 5a and 5b).'Other changes included the departure of Hawaiians from the Kona lands and the subsequent abandoning ofthe When the men removed themselves from the field Kamehameha stared at the field that was cleared Kona Field System(Kalima 1994). Even though many Land Commission Awards(LCA) and planted by the men.It was very great One of his chiefs remarked,"This is a great patch of the awards were made to native Hawaiians who had claims to the Kona lands,it did not stop the Chiefs;it is huge(kaahe,m),indeed.One could not see theborders of the field which belongs m the Chief who is strong 1'or planing." exodus from continuing.The demand for marketable produce to provision the whaling and trading ships calling in at the ports of Kona may have been the primary reason Hawaiians gave The chiefs and commoners exclaimed over the great patch of their Chief's....Then Kamehameha up subsistence fishing and farming(Kelly 1983:8-9).Figure 6 is a 1952 map showing LCA lots spoke to his men,"O chiefs,and,too,my children,inasmuch as you have worked and planted food and Grants and Patent Land Sales in the general vicinity of the project area. Table 1 shows LCA plants in the field,if any among you wish for any of the things that his hands had planted,then when I awarded lands which are crossed by the Kuakini Highway Project Area. send him here to pull up some of the food plants,[do this]:When you break the sugar cane w cut down the bananas or pull up the two,cut off the tops of the two and replants them in the ground before you leave the patch. According Kelly(1983:75),a drawing by Perlis Thurston(Fig.4),shows a large walled .. , farm in"either the upper portion of the`apa`a,or in the lower`ama`u zone,and may be the site of the Kuahewa gardens."Kelly's conclusions are based on the site being unusually large 'tF:'x' cTb nk� F I x 41 House)a q a 4 Figure 5a. Photograph by W.T.Brigham,June 11,1590,showing"Laniakea"on the left y R>'�"a' ;d':hi .C. - T_a and the Thurston Schoolhouse on the right(Fa 12 Kett 1983,13). S l � x° .17. ti�� ' The cntmncc(mouth)to Laniakca Cave,though within the same compound as the ruins of the Thinton House,is Figure 4.View of the Country Back of Kailua(dea, b,\I—e —Th.- ,_iazao.—11,1983 61). diffi-h to determine beta..,,ofth.modem stone wall f..datim that pmv—,cntmncc to the house it,.The seaward..it of Lim.kea Cave is easily found along the shoreline. 7 8 ' Table 1.Ahupua`a Lands Crossed by the Kuakini Highway Project Area. Ahupua`a Awardee Land Comm. Acreage uom or Award en�nmev Hienaloli 6' Govcmmcnt .t `Auhaukea`e 1" Gamonolli 11,216.37 1334 `Auhaukea`e 2" 1 Govcnvnew Pua`a 1" Kamchamcha,Lot 7715:13 859 Pua`a 2" Govcmmcnt — — Pua`a 3 Government Waiaha 1" A.P.Mission 387 Waiaha 2" Crown Land By Legislative Act of -- 10/14/1890 'I Kahului 1" Government Figure 5b. Photograph of Thurston House Ruins,January 2006,with possible Chimney Feature in the Upper Right Corner. It is important to note that along the project area corridor,no home owners were identified that could be connected or linked back to the LCA awardee of that land. Only the `Duarte Apartments'appear to remain on ancestral lands but no LCA record was found to be associated with the Duarte family at this parcel. (LCA records also show a Thomas Duarte, along with Joseph Gomes,associated with LCA No.387 in neighboring Wai`aha Ahupua`a). The Duarte Apartment compound is located at the southern,m iuka end of the project area. It is r",9or n�coma"" within Kahului 1"ahupua`a. The compound may be a part of(or once was a part of)Land Grant number 1865,sold or given to Kaupena.However,according to Auntie Josephine Nahale Kamoku,who is a resident of the apartments,the compound is on lands once owned by her great grandfather,Joseph K.Nahale.J.K.Nahale was the original owner of the land.The present it "-' owner and landlord,Mr.Duarte,is a cousin of Auntie Josephine's.Mr.Duarte's father built the '" ""• Y apartments in 1945;he and Auntie Josephine's grandfather were brothers. Although she has lived in the complex for the past 45 years,she's unsure as to when the land was divided between the elder relatives,or which portion of how much of the land belongs to her.' Mnkunknne Houxe e � The movement out of Kailua town continues to the present day.Of the kupuna and former residents interviewed for the current study,only a handful remains either on family lands or within Kailua town.'At present,the population of Kailua is predominantly non-Hawaiian. According to the latest census(U.S.Census Bureau,2000)out of an estimated 9,870 residents, ., . Mnwau'reaaa-ror+r guRvay ��' -•^' only 10.8"/o is native Hawaiian.Mixed native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander constitutes a T.Y.nw..,a, totalof32.9%. Also,nearly half ofthe current residents of Kailua were not bom in Hawaii; KA.3 LUA,5EGTIQN— only 52%were bom in the State of Hawaii. These figures demonstrate that in a little more than 200 years,the native Hawaiian population that was once formed Kailua town(prior to the 9 } L introduction of new diseases,non-traditional job opportunities,commercial farming and ranching Severalofthek�punatoldthcyknewoff=ilylandsthathadbecn 1—dout but were never[re]clmmed These u coral lands that till belong to them;however,they arc either unable m affordthe Icgal fes or have no Figure 6.LCA Lots within the Project Area means of gathering infomu,tion ncedcd m make the claim. ' Many of these former residents of Kailua town moved upland(mauku),where they still had family lands. 9 10 ventures,etc.)has dwindled to a small minority.Based on the level of development underway,it culture,"by land development projects before they occur.'The current project area is largely would appear that the native population will decrease even further yet. developed...there are very few sections along the Kuakini Highway corridor that have not been disturbed or changed in the last 200 years.Yet there are potential traditional land units(LCA, All places in Hawaii are of importance to native Hawaiians. And all places have some land grants,etc.)and other known cultural resources that remain. The following section cultural value.But the significance of the native Hawaiian history in Kailua(Kona)presents a identifies,based largely on interviews with kupum and others,what potential cultural impacts unique temporal context unlike any other in the islands: may result from the current proposed project. • First,the native Hawaiian history of Kailua(and Kona)has been continuous;it extends back 600+years. It is also fairly well documented through genealogical records,in chants,myths,and in the historical records left by the early visitors to the islands. • Second,in the post Mahele period(after 1840)there were numerous LCA awards given in the Kailua area. (Some native Hawaiians also purchased lands from the government). Even though some of these lands have since been abandoned,vacated or sold,family names from the initial LCA awards,land grants,and patent records can still be associated with parcels or areas of land. The combined number of LCA awards,land grants,and patents indicate that there is a fairly large number of native Hawaiians who could lay ancestral(or land use)claim to the lands. • Third,the native Hawaiians who lived,worked,and played in these lands left some permanent imprints. The project area,though largely surrounded by modem development (concrete buildings,other roadways,sidewalks,etc.)is also surrounded by remnants of structures and features of the earlier Hawaiian occupants. Among these features are stone walls,housing platforms,and boundary markers that represent the transitional period when Kailua was being introduced to plantation and ranching. This long-standing history,first of native Hawaiian settlement and land use,followed by plantation and ranch related uses of the land,has several implications for the intended goals of this CIA study. The use of the land,native and otherwise,that has contributed to the culture that presently exists in Kailua is an important consideration in addressing impacts.Much ofthe culture that remains in Kailua is no longer native Hawaiian—nor are many of the current land use practices.But there are still small segments of the native Hawaiian population residing in Kailua and historic cultural resources that remain. A recent decision made by the Hawaii Supreme Court regarding land use on the island ofHawai`i,calls attention to the need to recognize native Hawaiian cultural practices in the face of development: [T]he past t'ailme to require native Hawaiian cultural impact assessments has resulted in the loss and destruction ofmany important cultural resources and has interfered with The exercise ofnative Hawaiian culture. The legislature further finds that due consideration of the effects ofhuman activities on native Hawaiian culture and the exercise thereof is necessary to ensure The continued existence,development,and exercise ofnative Hawaiian culture(Ka Pa`akai O Ka`aina v.Land Use Commission 2000:26-27). The importance of the above Supreme Court determination is that it emphasizes the need to identify/address impacts on cultural resources,which includes"activities of native Hawaiian ' The land area which this Suprcm Court decision rcfcrcnccs is in the ahupw'a ofK,'upulchu;it is a short driving distance north of the cun•ent pr ject an:a. 11 12 STUDY RESULTS:IDENTIFICATION(AND MITIGATION)OF 3. There are also some social and economic concerns with regards to the potential POTENTIAL CULTURAL IMPACTS FOR THE EXPANSION OF impacts ofthe proposed project but these are beyond the scope ofthe present KUAKINI HIGHWAY study. The purpose of Articles IX and XII ofthe Hawaii State Constitution is to"promote and Because a CIA study addresses the ethnic(human)community within and around a preserve cultural beliefs,practices,and resources of Native Hawaiians and other ethnic groups." specific project area,its findings are specific to that given setting.In Hawaii,many The goal of a CIA is to study the impacts of a proposed action on cultural practices and features communities share similar histories,resources and perhaps ethnic make-up,but there are also associated with a project area. Included in these impacts are`effects of a proposed action on the differences that set these communities apart. The town of Kailua presents its own unique economic[and]welfare,social welfare,and cultural practices ofthe community and State.' situation—much of it relating directly to its unique and lengthy history as an integral part ofthe Hawaiian Kingdom and Hawaiian culture. This has been presented in the previous section of The OEQC guidelines(see App.A)identify several possible types of cultural practices this report. The remainder of this report addresses the results of the study,which are presented and beliefs that are subject to assessment. These include subsistence,commercial,residential, in accordance with the protocols established by the OEQC's guidelines for completing CIA agricultural,access-related,recreational,and religious and spiritual customs.The guidelines also studies in the State ofHawai`i. These guidelines,though not consistently applicable to each identify the types of potential cultural resources associated with cultural practices and beliefs that situation(project),provide a means by which to organize and present the findings. The six are subject to assessment. "The types of cultural resources subject to assessment may include OEQC protocols are as follows: traditional cultural properties[TCPs]or other types ofhistoric sites,both man made and natural, including submerged cultural resources,which support such cultural practices and beliefs."(CIA Guidelines 1997:2). PROTOCOL l: Identify and Consult with Individuals and Organizations with Expertise Concerning the Types of Cultural Resources,Practices and Beliefs Found within the Broad For CIAs completed in the state ofHawai`i,it is very important to gather information Geographical Area,e.g.,District or Ahupua`a from kupuna about cultural practices and beliefs.The kupuna are the bearers of traditional and cultural knowledge of Hawaiian culture.While the kupuna provide knowledge about traditional A major objective of this CIA study was to identify individuals and organizations that Hawaiian culture,members ofthe community most directly affected by project related changes could help identify the cultural resources,practices and beliefs of the Kailua-Kona area. often will include non-Hawaiians. The ethnic or cultural background of these individuals differs Particular effort was made to locate kupuna who could share their knowledge about the past from their host(Hawaiian)culture and they too are likely to be affected.An assessment of cultural uses of these lands;several of these kupi n i still live within the District of Kona. Along cultural impacts in Hawaii,more often than not,will consider the affects of an undertaking on with kupuna,several groups and organizations(see Appendix B)provided important information the culture(s)directly impacted.That being said,it is important to reiterate that the ethnic maker about the cultural history ofthe Kailua-Kona area.9 Altogether,general information about the up ofthe community that surrounds the Kuakini Highway corridor is predominantly non- area came from the following: Hawaiian.The community that uses Kuakini Highway corridor however,includes many Hawaiians.Both groups,the latter who have direct ties to the traditional uses of these lands,and 1. Kip— the former,who have come to call this part of Kailua-Kona home,are to be addressed by this 2. Former and present native Hawaiian residents of Kailua-Kona study. 3. The kahu for Kealakowaa Heiau and the kahu for Ahuena Heiau 4. Office of Hawaiian Affairs(OHA),West Hawaii In brief,the information gathered shows that that: 5. The Kona Historical Society 1. There is concern for potential cultural impacts to historically significant cultural Several kupuna shared their knowledge and experiences of living in Kailua or visiting properties that are in and surround the general vicinity ofthe project area.The Kailua in the early 1900s.Auntie Elizabeth Lee and Auntie Mildred Awong Arjona were majority of these properties have been presented in archaeological studies done particularly informative about the changes each witnessed in Kailua and Kona from the early to for the project area. the mid 1900s.While their accounts are not included in the body of this report,the information 2. There were no traditional cultural practices/activities that were observed during shared by both women helped to develop a`picture'ofthe changing Hawaiian culture that once the study period.However,some ofthe significant cultural properties are human thrived in Kona. Also,information from kupuna Francis Keanaaina,who was interviewed by burials that are tended to by the descendents.Most of these culturally significant this author for an earlier oral history ofthe Kailua area,is cited in this report.Uncle Francis has properties(those evaluated as having"important historical cultural value to an spent his entire life in the Kailua area.He is a fifth generation ofthe Keanaaina family from the ethnic group"because of Criterion E under Chapter 146 of the State Historic ° Appendix B is a list of people who provided information directly relevant to the project area;it does no[include Preservation Division rules and regulations governing historic preservation)are the names of individuals who provided incidental information towards the overall swdy. also likely TCPs(Rasmussen 2006). 13 14 Kailua area.According to Ruby McDonald,OHA's West Hawaii Office Community Liaison, who is the niece of Uncle Francis,her family comes from five ohupua'a in Kailua.These are `Auhaukea`e,Kahului,Pua`a,Keopu,and Lanihau;the current project area corridor crosses Y"" r^- through the makai portion of the first three(see Fig.2). PROTOCOL 2:Identify and Consult with Individuals and Organizations with Knowledge of the Area Potentially Affected(APA)"by the Proposed Action a - 5 Appendix B provides a list of all individuals and organizations contacted and interviewed / 3 for this study. Along with kupuna and individuals,listed are groups and their representatives that are within the immediate vicinity ofthe project area: 1. Current Residents of Kailua 2. Former residents(elders including kupuna)of Kailua 3. Office of Hawaiian Affairs in Kona �f t 4. Hawai`i County office in Kona y 5. Residents and commercial land users along existing Kuakini Highway .�- K",..m While elders who make up`former'residents of Kailua town significantly outnumber those who have remained in the town,there are several individuals who were witness to the initial construction of Kuakini Highway. Some of them recall the findings ofburials,lava +' tubes/caves,etc.during the construction. (See discussion under Protocol 5 on ethnographic data gathered for this study that supports knowledge of burials,caves,etc.). One account comes from e �I. Hl— Ruby McDonald's uncle,John Keanaaina,who in 1954 was asked to enter an inadvertent cave find containing burials. A second account was provided by Helen Weeks to the Kona Outdoor Circle which included a map(Fig.7)that her husband,John Weeks,had worked with while ' surveying the original corridor alignment for Kuakini Highway. (John Weeks was the resident engineer for the initial Kuakini Highway project.)In this account(B.Weeks rid.),Mrs.Weeks notes that her husband discovered"Halehau-Kealako wa`a"(Kealakowa`a Heiau). The 1 discovery led to Mr.Henry Kekahuna's drawing(c.1955)of the"various platforms and dimensions",and subsequent realignment of the original surveyor's design. fLto-K,G`/pC4D 10 The Ama Potcutially Affected(APA)can be used i—haugeably with`A—of Pomutial Effect'(APE),which is Figure 7.Map showing the Kailua-Keauhou Road and Surveyor's Right of Way Lines for defined in Section 106 fthe National Hi-fi,Preservation Act,w a drd,and 1—tt,federally baud smdies/pe jects. the Proposed Kuakini Highway in 1952(nano c—y ore-moro n. 15 16 Hawaiian history. These included kupuna,other elders of non-Hawaiian ancestry,and[present PROTOCOL 3:Receive Information from or Conduct Ethnographic Interviews and Oral and former]area residents. Histories with Persons Having Knowledge of the Potentially Affected Area The remnants left behind by the native Hawaiians and other settlers of this land tell much Information gathered from the ethnographic field studies came from the sources about the cultural resources and associated land use practices of the area. A total of twenty-four identified in Protocols 1 and 2.Both groups-those with knowledge about the cultural resources archaeological features(three platforms,one C-shape,one occupation area,ten walls,one walled of the greater Kailua-Kona area and those who are in close proximity to the project area- enclosure,four rock mounds,three modified outcrops,and one collapsed lava bubble)were provided useful information for addressing the potential cultural impacts of the proposed project. identified within the immediate vicinity of the project area(Rasmussen 2006). According to The content and interpretive results of these data differ in terms oftheir relevance to cultural(as Rasmussen(ibid),there are kuaiwi(agricultural walls),rock mounds,some features that may be opposed to social)impacts.Data directly pertinent to cultural issues are presented under apart of Site 6601(the Kona Field System),and some possibly modified outcrops. Site 6302, Protocol 6. Kuakini's Wall,is visible in several places along the road corridor.Site 7248,Laniakea Cave, likely lies under the existing Kuakini Highway at the northern most end of the project corridor. While the majority of these are native(or traditional)Hawaiian features,some appear to be PROTOCOL 4: Conduct Ethnographic,Historical,Anthropological,Sociological,and features that were modified by the later non-Hawaiian settlers. Other Culturally Related Documentary Research The non Hawaiians who settled in Kona consist of two general groups: Christian Ethnographic research was the primary method for gathering data for this study. As is missionaries,businessmen and farmers primarily of Caucasian ancestry;and the plantation the nature of ethnographic studies,the information being gathered is both anthropological and laborers who were primarily of Japanese ancestry.The influence of the early Christians was sociological in nature. The Kailm,Kona area is a multicultural setting;there are some native profound;it redirected the course of native Hawaiian history.Historic properties such as Hawaiian families in the area but the town is more reflective of its urban,non Hawaiian churches,court houses,jails,schools,and structural remnants of commercial ventures indicate character. the influence and land use of the early non Hawaiian settlers. And although not addressed in this study,there is a substantial history associated with the early plantation period of Kona.As with In addition to ethnographic research,documentary research was conducted throughout the Christians,the cultural practices and beliefs of the Japanese would[initially]differ the duration of this study. The information presented in the earlier portions ofthis report dramatically from native Hawaiians. combines the results of both oral(ethnographic)and documentary(written)data that were gathered for this study.Neither the ethnographic study nor the documentary research is Historic properties that represent the two groups of non-Hawaiian settlers in the vicinity considered to be exhaustive." It is however,considered to be appropriate for the needs ofthe of the project area mostly predate the existing Kuakini Highway.As with the native Hawaiians current project. The town of Kailua has a very rich cultural history.To fully address this history that once lived in the area,many of the non-Hawaiians moved away. It was during the initial would involve considerable time and effort. construction of Kuakini Highway that some of the properties(remnants)belonging to these earlier settlers were discovered.While some properties were damaged or outright destroyed in the construction process,the number and type of discoveries made were quite significant;some PROTOCOL 5: Identify and Describe the Cultural Resources, Practices and Beliefs of these have been mentioned above. Among the findings were human burials within and along Located within the Potentially Affected Area the highway corridor.For the most part,the burials are believed to be associated with the native Hawaiian settlers of these lands. The identification of cultural resources,practices and beliefs associated with the project area comes primarily from oral/ethnographic sources;some of these have been referenced in In interviews completed for this study,questions relating to knowledge of burials and previous sections of this report.Written documents,particularly the results of archaeological caves in the immediate vicinity of the project area were consistently asked. All kupuna believe studies,also provide valuable information on the cultural resources found in and around the that undiscovered burials still exist but whether or not these are in the vicinity of the project area immediate vicinity of the project area.While modem day Kailua is fairly urban(and non- is uncertain.Every one ofthem also recalls visiting or being told childhood stories about the use Hawaiian)in character,remnants of its traditional Hawaiian past remain;as do some of the of caves in the Kailua area.F.Keanaaina knows there are burials and caves throughout Kona,a resources and practices of its non-Hawaiian past. The individuals who provided information for few of which he has been able to[re]locate.According to R.McDonald,in 1954 her uncle John this study were sought because of their knowledge of both Kailua's native Hawaiian and non- Keanaaina was asked to enter a cave(to give a blessing),which had been inadvertently found during the construction of Kuakini Highway. It is unclear as to which cave this event refers but, "There are other ku una and lineal descendants ofth..Kailas-Icnna Imds who were not located b the t according to Ruby,her uncle found many burials inside the cave,some of which were wrapped n [ ] y �r,s,n study.While eff—were mad,w locate all individuals whose names are known awere referred,th,r,arc many who have not yet been identified. 17 18 in lauhala mats.Ruby is uncertain if this is Laniakea Cave12 but she does know that the cave her from the entrance and exit of Laniakea Cave.)Ruby recalls that her children would enter the uncle entered is in the same general area. One ofthe main concerns Mr.Junior Kanuha,whose cave near the Thurston residence(Fig.5a),and come out near the shoreline exit(near Hale family once lived very close to the project area,expressed is the"need to take care ofthe iwis" Halawai).13 during construction projects.Mr.Kanuha believes that there are likely to be burials found in the widening ofthe existing Kuakini Highway corridor.Mr.Curtis Tyler has echoed similar Auntie Josephine Nahale Kamoku,who grew up in the"Kalakaua House"(her family concerns and he is also a descendant of families who once lived in close proximity to the project home is in Kahalu`u Ahupua`a)recalls that her brother Joseph would frequently explore caves in area.There is general interest and concern over resources,particularly of unidentified burials the Kailua-Keauhou area.He would tell her about finding bones and other items inside these that may exist in the area. caves. She herself spent time visiting relatives at the Makuakane House(see Fig.6),which was near the Wai`aha Bridge(near what is present day Kona Village). She has lived at the Duarte Associated with familial burials is the practice of caring for the ancestors of these Apartments along Kuakini Highway for the past forty-five years. Although never having visited Hawaiian families. A burial crypt(Fig.8),which has the remains of twenty-one members ofthe the caves nor seeing the burials which they contained,she believes that this general[project]area Kapana family,lies a short distance west ofthe project area;it is still visited and cared for by the is likely to have more`unknown'caves and burials. In moral history prepared by Maly(1998), lineal descendants of those buried here.The burials in this crypt were moved to its current Aunty Lucian Ka`ailehua Makuakane-Tripp,whose ancestors lived in Kahului Ahupua`a, location by the lineal descendants.R.McDonald is one of the lineal descendants;the lands on recalls being told by her father about a cave that was to be used in case of emergency.She which the crypt is situated once belonged to her herself had not visited or seen the cave that her father was referring to. relatives. A second burial mound lies in the sidewalk adjacent to the existing Kuakini Highway. Along with caves and burials,there is also some concern about structural features such as It is positioned almost due east(towards the heiau,house foundations,stone walls,and other indicators of previous native Hawaiian land use. highway)from the crypt shown in Fig.8 and has not However,most individuals,including the kupum are quick to point out that few`active'cultural ®� been directly associated with a specific family. uses of the lands remain,and very few associations can be made between the use and ownership There are however,some possible lineal of the features and family lands.Most of these,though valuable for their historic significance, _ descendants. According to R.McDonald,the are not known about by the existing cultural community that surrounds it. remains likely belong to a relative of Keopulani,and members of the Kanuha,Kapen and Tyler families In the preceding section,traditional uses ofthe land and its cultural resources,and the may be among the possible lineal descendants. beliefs associated with the project area have been presented. At present,at least one parcel of Auntie Josephine thought the burial may belong to a land may remain in use by the lineal descendants who inherited it.This would be the compound member ofthe Kamaka family.While a definite where the Duarte Apartments are located.1°Based on visits made to the apartment complex and familial name or lineal descendant has not been discussions with some of its residents,it does not appear that any`traditional'Hawaiian land use identified,several descendants of lineal groups in practices(e.g.agricultural,ceremonial,etc.)are currently taking place. At least three ofthe the area developed a burial treatment plan which led residents are members ofthe Duarte-Nahale-Kamoku family,and some tenants are not related to to the building ofthe burial mound(ef.Inadvertent any of these three original land owning families. In general,it appears that while the project Discovery of Human Remains—various documents, area and its nearby environs have a notable cultural history connected with specific historic 1998). properties,there has also been a significant`discontinuity'in the native Hawaiian or other culture-specific uses of these lands. Figure 8.Burial Crypt of the Kapana Family. Although little has been said directly about the cultural beliefs ofthe area,the types or As with burials,there is also knowledge about caves in the general vicinity ofthe project category of traditional features that remain reveal a great deal about the beliefs and practices of area;some of these are based on actual experiences of visits to the caves,while others are based the early Hawaiians.For instance,there are numerous heiau in the Kailua-Kon area,ranging on information learned from other family members. It is important to note that not all caves that from Luakini(associated with human sacrifice and royal rituals)to smaller ko`a type heiau are known are associated with burials.Likewise,it is equally important to note that the exact location of these caves is no longer known. According to R.McDonald,who resided in the family home in Kailua until 1972,her children frequently played inside Laniakea Cave. (Her ` Th,original Hal,Hzlawai was built in 1955 as a meeting house for Hawaiian Christians;it was abandoned in th, family home was located next to the present day"Kona Marketplace",which is a short distance early 1920s and,.buih at a later time.Th.seashore exit of Laniakea Cave,shown by Ruby,is behind th,prescn t Hal.Halawai tru.mr./.ompound. An cntran,c to Laniakea C.-is located in th,same compound as th.Thursmn ruins(sec pp.7-8). 10 Auntie Josephine is a ktp—, fthis family.Th,land b,long,d w h,r great-grandfather,Joseph K.Nahal,,who acquired itwhile serving as an assistant m King Kalaukaua.H,gave some ofhis land m his bruth,r. 19 20 associated with fishing or agricultural crops. Some ofthese structures such as Kealakowa`a Associated with cultural impacts is the issue of access to resources. It does not appear Heiau(Fig.7)remain fairly intact,while others such as Site 6322 remain only in remnant form that access to areas[resources]on either side of the highway will be compromised or change from its present situation. The resources identified-historical(structural)features that are likely Based on information gathered from interviews,field observations and written sources, Traditional Cultural Properties(TCP)ts—are found on both sides of the existing highway.Many the following conclusions can be made about cultural resources,practices and beliefs in the of these are located within close proximity to the proposed highway expansion corridor. Of immediate vicinity of the project area: these,Site 5608 which consists of a total of seventy-five features(Rasmussen 2006)is the most extensive and is within an undeveloped parcel of land. Site 5608 is located across from Coconut 1. Cultural resources in the project area are associated primarily with its past Grove Marketplace in the ahupua'a of`Auhaukea`e on the mauka side of Kuakini Highway. residential and agricultural uses. Burials,most of which are known only Visits to the site were made with kupuna and others in order to learn more about the features and from construction related activities,and various structural remnants(walls, their surroundings. heiau, etc.) are the two main categories of resources found. While archaeological studies have identified most of the structural remnants Kip—Sonny Pa'alua,who spent his early childhood years growing up on lands along this portion of Kuakini Highway,it is possible that more burials will adjacent to present day Hilo Hattie's in Kailua,was not familiar with the site. The coral stones be encountered during future construction(ground disturbance)activities. found at Features BBB,CCC,and DDD led Uncle Sonny to believe these features constitute an (Most of the burials do not have obvious markers and many of the ahu,and that it most likely belonged to a common family and not an ali'i.He knew that these descendants of the families who once lived here are long gone.) ahu were located new habitation or village areas and believes these features would likely have been connected to a house site by a pathway.Auntie Josephine also was not familiar with any of 2. Native Hawaiian cultural practices associated with caring for the ancestors the features associated with Site 5608. Although fairly close to her present residence,she was (burials)are known from the general vicinity of the project area. No other unaware that these features existed until our discussion.R.McDonald,whose family is directly cultural practices were observed or learned of during the period of this associated with`Auhaukea`e Ahupua`a,knew that features similar to those found at Site 5608 study. are found throughout the Kailua area. (This was her first visit to Features BBB,CCC and DDD at Site 5608.)These may well have belonged to her ancestors or one of the other Hawaiian 3. Cultural beliefs associated with the traditional uses of the area still exist, families who once lived in`Auhaukea`e Ahupua`a. and these are almost exclusively associated with the various heiau in the area (e.g. Kealakowa`a is the only surviving canoe making heiau; Of the historic properties identified in the general vicinity of the project area,one feature `Ahu`ena Heiau represents Kamehameha's early rule at Kamakahonu, could be impacted due to its proximity.tR This is the modem burial mound that is situated within etc.). the sidewalk adjacent to the existing highway,near Coconut Grove Marketplace.During the interviews completed for this CIA,attempts were made to associate the burial mound"with a 4. No natural features of cultural significance/belief were identified. family name of its lineal descendants.Names of several families who are currently known to be However,Laniakea cave and similar lava tube/caves in the area are known from or once have lived in the area include the Tyler,Kanuha,and possibly Kapena and Kamaka to be associated with cultural events in the past. families(see earlier discussion under Protocol 5). At this time,it is not possible to determine whether or not these remains can be associated with any of these families.However,any `reburial'concerns and/or potential disturbance to the existing feature will need to be addressed PROTOCOL 6: Assess the Impact of the Proposed Action,Alternatives to the Proposed by the State Historic Preservation Division(SHPD). All of the families mentioned here should Action, and Mitigation Measures on the Cultural Resources, Practices and Beliefs be contacted according to the guidelines that led to creating the Burial Treatment Plan originally Identified developed for this burial. Attempts should be made to identify other families that might have a connection to the burial mound. The cultural impacts identified for the proposed Kuakini Highway expansion project presented in this section are primarily based on the information gathered from ethnographic " InicFly,a TCP is a hismri,pmp,ny that is eligible for the nomination to th,National Id,giet,r of Historic Places interviews. These are potential impacts that are likely to occur as a result of changes brought (NPHP)because of its association with the eulmml pacticcs and bct,fs of a living community. about by expansion of Kuakini Highway. In general,it appears that any potential cultural impact will be long-term or permanent. There will be very few short-term impacts,and of these, According to Parsons Bdnck,rimff Quad.and Douglas Inc.,th,burial mound Tatum will not b,di b,d by changes such as those that result from construction-related activities are likely to be social and pmj,ct-relatrd construction activities. economic in nature. " B...d on information from th,SHPD office in Kona,th,mound does not—in an actual burial but rather c..th,fragm,r¢s of some human bones that likely belong m on,individual.A review ofth,Burial Treatment Plan design needs m b,mad,in order m determine fifth,mound is situated di—dy over It,a-1 fmgmenta ofth.bon.or if it is within close proximity to a. 21 22 POTENTIAL CULTURAL IMPACTS:A SUMMARY There are no other known cultural practices,native Hawaiian or otherwise,that are occurring within the immediate vicinity of the project area I. Known Burial Mound Feature on Kuakini Highway. Discussion about the burial mound on Kuakini Highway has already been presented. It is located within the project study area. If adverse impacts to the burial are anticipated, then a decision to relocate or to leave the remains in situ will need to be made by the possible lineal descendants and the Hawaii Island Burial Council. Recommendation: A review should be made of the Burial Treatment Plan(BTP) designed for this feature. If the project will affect the burial or mound feature,the lineal descendants(identified in the BTP)should be consulted for advice on the final disposition of the burial. 2. Inadvertent Burial Finds during Construction-related Activities. The traditional cultural landscape through which the project area passes,though significantly altered from its original pre-Kuakini Highway stage,is known to have had extensive settlement and use by native Hawaiians.There are individuals who are kupa to this land and can tell about their individual(and family)histories.Very few,however, appear to know if there are any burials on their family lands,or what the disposition of these might be.Because the land was extensively settled and used by native Hawaiians, and because there is little knowledge about the exact location of most family burials,it is possible that burials do exist in the vicinity of the proposed highway corridor.It is also possible that burials will be encountered during construction. Recormnendation: In the event that a burial is found during construction the police, the medical examiner,and either the Hawaii office or the State office of the State Historic Preservation Division(SHPD)most be notified immediately. Ifthe burial is more than 50 years old,then SHPD will be responsible for determining the proper disposition of the remains.Following consultation with appropriate parties,if the SHPD determines that removal of the remains is warranted,than the agency overseeing the road widening project will be responsible for developing a mitigation plan prior to removal of the remains.For purposes of consultation,the present document can assist the SHPD in attempts to identify family names and locate possible descendants who once lived in the area. 23 25 3. Known(existing)Historic Cultural Resources CONCLUSIONS There are various historic features in the general vicinity of the project area.Whether or not these feature maybe affected by construction activities of this project is addressed in the companion archaeology report(Rasmussen 2006). The archaeology report includes The proposed Kuakini Highway Improvements Project consists ofwidening the existing significance criteria ofthese features based on NRHP guidelines,and recommendations roadway for approximately 6,000 feet. The existing highway is situated in an urban area, for treatment. It should be noted,however,that time ofthese features have been surrounded on either side by residential and commercial properties. Only one portion of the identified(linked)to a specific family or former resident ofthe land by this CIA study. existing highway and proposed corridor borders on lands still used by native Hawaiian families. This is the parcel known as the Duarte Apartments,and is located on the mauka side of the road Recommendation: Follow the mitigation and preservation recommendations made in at the furthest southern end of the project area.Some of the families presently living in the the archaeological inventory survey report for the current project(Rasmussen 2006). Duarte Apartments are descendants of Joseph K.Nahale who owned this land in the late 1800s. The one known potential impact to a cultural property within the Area of Potential Effect would be to the existing burial/mound that is situated on the sidewalk of Kuakini Highway. Other potential cultural impacts identified include inadvertent burial finds that are made during construction activities,and damage to historic cultural resources in the project area corridor.If any burials are present within the project area,they will only be found once construction efforts are underway.No identification ofburial graves or plots was made during this study. There is no specific knowledge that burials are in the project area.However,based on previous burial finds in the general vicinity of Kuakini Highway,and extensive settlement in the area by native Hawaiians in the past,it is possible that burials may be encountered. The proper treatment of burials(or skeletal remains in general)should be conducted ifthese finds are made.In the event that a burial is found,the State Historic Preservation Division will need to be notified,and,if the burial is more than 50 years old,the Division will make the decision regarding treatment of the burial. If lineal descendants of the burial find can be located,they should be consulted regarding the decision on final disposition of the remains. There may also be potential cultural impacts to the known historic(archaeological) resources in the area.The archaeological report completed for the Kuakini Highway Improvements Project includes recommendations for treatment ofthese historic properties. 26 27 REFERENCES CITED Supreme Court of Hawaii 2000 Ka Pa'akai O Ka'aina v.Land Use Commission. Appeals from the Third Circuit Ellis,W. Court(CIV NOS.96-189K&96-190K). September 11,2000. 1963 Journal of William Ellis Narrative of a Tour of Hawaii,or Owhyee...Honolulu: Advertiser Publishing Co. U.S.Census Bureau 2000 Profile ofGeneral Demographic Characteristics,Kailua CDP,Hawaii. Handy,E.S.Craighill,and Elizabeth Green Handy 1991 Native Planters in Old Hawaii.* Their Life,Lore,and Environment. Bernice P. Weeks,Helen Bishop Museum Bulletin,233.Bernice P.Bishop Museum Press,Honolulu. wd. The Rediscovery of Kealakowa'a Heiau. Letter report presented to the Kona Outdoor Circle by Helen Weeks,Project Chair. (Copy of letter and accompanying Inadvertent Discovery of Human Remains—various documents map provided courtesy of Ruby McDonald). 1998 Inadvertent Discovery of Human Remains—A second burial at Coconut Grove Marketplace in Kailua-Kona. Case Number: State Site Number: 50-10-28- 21,189,Auhaukeae,North Kona,Hawaii Island TMIC 7-5-0925. Kalima,Lehua 1994 Appendix B:Historical Documentary Research. In Head,Goodfellow and Rosendahl. Karnak-,S.M. 1992 Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii.*Revised Edition. The Kamehameha Schools Press, Honolulu. Kelly,Marion 1983 Nd Mdla a Kona. Gardens of Kona,A History of Land Use in Kona,Hawaii. Dept.of Anthropology,Bernice P.Bishop Museum,Honolulu. Kona Historical Society 1998 A Guide to Old Kona.Kona Historical Society,Kalukalu,Hawaii. Maly,Kepa 1998 Archival-Historical Documentary Research and Limited Oral History Study. In Archaeological Inventory Survey of the Games Property Parcel,Land of Kahului 1st, Island of Hawaii(TMK*3-7-5-19:5, 38, 40)by Constance O'Hare and Thomas Wolforth. Prepared for Towne Development of Hawaii,Inc.,Honolulu. Paul H.Rosendahl,Ph.D.,Inc.,Hilo,Hawaii. Newman,T.Stell 1970 Hawaiian Fishing and Farming on the Island of Hawaii in A.D.1778. State of Hawaii,Dept.Land and Natural Resources,Div.State Parks. Rasmussen,Coral M. 2006 Archaeological Inventory Surveyfor the Realignment ofKuakini Highway, Kailua-Kome Hawaii,TMK*7-5-8,9,10,17,18,19 and 30(par). International Archaeological Research Institute,Inc.,Honolulu. 29 30 L INTRlNN'('Tt(7N APPENDIX A It is the policy of the State of Hawali under l'harn:I I4'.1IRS,to alert decision makers,through the GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSING CULTURAL.IMPACTS mum;d I'nI pax 1, 11*uu:1 I, r �:,��,:.wl al era ts 1-1 .,,,,y malt r the ¢nvt"n .e, ADOPTED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL COUNCIL,STATE OF HAWAI`I mplcmemm,, :an::n actions. t I. ,o.l:In I.L1111.-:Il tit of aulmra1 impo Ix Fathers information NOVEMBER 19,1997 :Ihuet cullura.prao,I I and cnlhttal features that nix+lbv s11-ell ,n chapter 343.and �me. I,--isim making.Articles IN., S;I I,I."I,Stu, te laws,and il_, m.tioes,and I,I N..t,I IE,Ix.l :..,..I.d IIlrr.Ilnia groups.Ch;:puI ,_, dso"quirts cuvironmcntal �..,.,.nr tit III cultural res.uurcc,,in dcl,nmmng the significance III',I,:,y-1111 Ilrnjcct. lur 1'm.va—11 Council cnco—g"preparers of—loll- and alvironnrental p:lrI I o,I,s 1,1.- nalyzc the in11 1,1I -[11 11_ ,'I:,rd I, I"'and f t—associated 11 Il_ III .,.nntent protocol as guidarvice Stir •.«.m.i:ll,l,:''r,lls'c:t that",r:,,i):':il.::�nil_,:,i Lett cultural r,.�rumcs. IG C'11.II IE\I I\I]'.-1['1'.\tit1yS\I7\I\1 i:l ll(11 a()1..OGY Cltlttr...,'I Ihftcr tillol I,Iher :,.I,_ I,I ,Jets assessed I ental as "cots or env"='Iu bolo!"grad s'tatcmentv..:\I,I! ',i .It,,..,n1.1.In ILl information relating to the pracucc.and 1111 fv of a particular rulue a I IIIatl,r1. Such information may he obtained through scopi�r,�,-, ...I,nuc ntnlings,cthnnp.:c{>h:.mlerviews and oral Nikkiics. bldnnnutinn pnx9dal 11) cultural I1IacII,II,I :: 11, ;.11�1.ld I.. fl, 11111il If.ultlnral k1l _Im,I,. '.1: :.it III u�ming It'ra]prucxrx t31'atun',, r 'II[n lni><II c Inlluuiun at I i,nl d,,, 'ar}-rescnmlt_ In leaping the cultural portion of an env,l,I lmd <,-kt,the geographcal.r,cu of the inquiry should,in most instances,be gecater than 11x!I .n rr I1111L.-.IL-prn;n s,d::a:on.,:II efAv ps.v Iil" to eir c that cultural practiees which may I:ol I:mcl I,I,.i.n Ih.1—:nllni its„f Lilo proirc:J-ilia 11111.1 may non¢thetcss be afpoctod.a"included in the assessment.Thus,.for prop—d acunn I l.L may not physically alter gathering practices,but may affect access to gath¢rinc altos would be includes d in the assessment.An ahupua`a is usually the appropriate gcugraph-ll uolt I„hcr:m an assessment el ,tdw of hmpans of o proposed action,particularly if it includ.-.all IJ Ih.-Irp",.of eultrual practices associated with the project ama.In some eases,cultural practices ai o P,k�1,n, M,nd beyond the ahupua'a and the geographical extent of the study area should Ink,into account those callural practical. 31 33 Guidelines for Awessl Cultural]moaets November 19,1997 Page 2 of Gatild,nes. N—ralxr 1_9,N91 Page 3 of 5 The historical period swdied in a cultural hupeca assessment should commence with the initial presence in Prim,ri ,u„ .I.r A, I,_cud 1 -1 n ;,1,IzIliL.,-s apprc,i ,e< �Rlhc'.c h:I II roan,census the area of the particular group whose cultural practices and features are being assessed,The types of .111d tis a. I :-1r.u;, t I ".1a.', '11,1stanzl vnsis, I "Ip h=t, ,> d n,logies; cultural practices and beliefs subject to esse,,ment may include subsistence,commercial,residceawl, .hood pout;:h,d nr nca da,l c1l u•s,I n.,,n.,..„d ur.d 1,-n .,, „w ,I 1,;,s.+to maps agricultural,access- Ill recreational,and religious and spins lcustoms. and pLnmgr II.,;lnd Ivk r,h,.:d :IhI„"ILc -utncic-, and slur fora I-. ..,, ........ .. . ,l.,�h, ,�.+.. ,e.'. z'IIJ The types a(cutloral resources subjec[t ..4. [ ,clodr[ dItin r.I1 Innr1I-c.nr cilia anJ:Inpoll,p-.II Icxl:. .,.. -al,.a n,l ,n I:r r..nt, II,,I ,I.hr d Wd _ . h:,l-1111.1111 u1-I•: types of historic sites,both man modern a,ud�,J,,fr_ r 6r x>,,J a lr..;J I. „-.,,h J,sI:,pon nah,d.Ulh .L i—.& Ill::t lydJ ._n.n,J Jl da p o-I ,_I.1 1 r p,,. L I,s-,.and such radial practices and beliefs. rolual which peti it w area. Tic F.mm inm Council recommends ental preparers of That prepa of assessments analyzing cultural impacts adopt the study the 5,11-ing protocol: III.CULTURAL IMP ACr ASSESSMENT CONTENTS tl),d:nIAy and consult with individuals and nrgani7alions with expertise cuncelning the types Of .uuurces,prur1111 I ci§."o,.ad„whin the broad geographical area,e.g.,district or In ,LII,-r. , -- ail: li�l assessments and environmental impact I t.a,r 51. 5f.+rcn„i a-.. - ._, „t Ilgl. uo ll:u C.to through lg,the portion of the assessment I=1 I _i11 and-. L•.cirh Ind;,ideals and organizations with Imowledge of the area potentiahy vu II _ Ii-.Idrn �.,r 'I,I, lamed to,thefollowing matters: ai RxIcd by the propoccd action; L A,:I.: "f the Inti tl, I-:n;I IneJ;r J rc-nit.-I.C consultation with LILI'IILIalx ul r J br II„preparcr a h ,,g I 11 li, 11 I Ifoist practices and k L ,.or.u I 11 ihr Ix„jcu (3)ry cry mformatinry 6om or conduct nMei a aphis interviews and anal histnrirs with persons .;i ng any constraints or limitations which might have affil d the quality of the information I,I,In4 kn„ud,�t�of the potentially alfectgd area; „"I" lit cnud:11 odlnn,;r iphie,historical,anthropological,sociological,and other culturally related 2_ A description of methods adopted by I preparcr to identify,locate,and select the persons Ju..umrntary rc.earch; rote-ewed,including.diseassion of the level of eRl undertaken. (5)identify and describe the cultural resources,practices and beliefs located within the potentially 3.Ethnugmpbio nod oral hlm,ry intcry lcw pr—dear,n finding the circumstances under which the affected area;and intcrrir„s,I cry.ninlo.:nl.:rod am c„n,tcrhr..;or 11111 n:,I loll,xh,zli might have affected the quality Of the inforrrnli,m,�hl.nlncJ. (b)assess the impact of the proposed action.,alternatives to the proposed action,and mitigation measures,an the eul'ta lresources,practices and beliefs identified 4 ni—ri,.A.-.l .Glr,ar .,, , Ih, a0"A,:II, „d nrgcr Dun,,clIII tln.ir purllculm Lill G11.1 inal„r 1 1 i:.al li::;,I;h,p In J:1,n1 R rc:r:1 II :.':IIIIIInlI:n Intcrvic—,Ind real hi.cmnes with knowlr d,,J,1e individtuals nlay he recorded,if consent is given,and concemnIg th,pu.on 4 1 n err ,nmixion er inter,�.,,d �i-Ih_ I L t ular kno,vleJy�and-it—d ,hl "III. ,,,. -.p;n ill l,,nt,r,,,t ..,II„ re,1.I... ,lnrro-;of should be eaperti.jfa.Y,andl h,I h.......:I:,_Jgenealogical rcl:r..,.ni.III the�,mlururca :n1i,n l�Il 1,I ,unamly to rc.:,I,Il,e r—,III Ill riled IIu.:Ind..,n,:•nI:o pililish the r—ard should b. F--i-possihk fn rs .Ic.II C prr,.I',h ,I l r.,:,1 -dh ate likely In be withheld 5. A discussion conceming hnanr.;nl and cultural source materials consulted,the institutions and ..oral impact a.cu.n,.m. 111 tb, 11-11111.,Identify the impact a project repositories searched,and the lead nl effort underrah:n.This discussion should include,if appropriate, I , •n It,,,bI r r Is \1:'I.,,. ,, ,. 1 Ill-III r wn La only on the condition that it the particular perspective of the authors,any opposing news,and any other relevant constraints, rnnanl,. , I c p.:ICIt limitations or biases. 34 35 Guidelines f r AceesEne Culniml Impact.R'ovemher i9,1997 1;igc.4gA 4 APPENDIX B 6_A discussion coocemmg the cultural rc.m,rc..,p,,,ncu :,n,i t•thsfs identified,and,far resotu+ces and Imcrices, their location within the broad geok aphical area in which the proposed action is located,as well as their direct of KUPUNA AND OTHERS CONSULTED FOR INFORMATION ABOUT indirect significance er coamecui.on to the project site. TRADITIONAL BELIEFS AND LAND USES IN THE PROJECT AREA 7.A discussion concerning the nature of the cultural practices and beliefs,and the significance of the cuhural re retwithin theprojectares,afheted direcllynr indirectlyby the pmpnsed project_ 8.An explanation of confidential information that hnsbcen withheld from public disclosure in the assessmant. 9.A discussion ecra—mg any conflicting inf tion in regard to identified cultural resource,pmctioen and bclich. IQ.An analysis of the poicn[W off t of any prnpnsed physical alferalion on cultural resources,pnetiees or belief;the potentialofineprnpos<<. r•ti,till 1N1l,tn1cutir:ilrcll>c,r.._pntrulry rl1ka111-11uirsettinMini Ix potential ufthe proposed anwo tr.nmadcur.Irinntls tviueh w:ry rui th, in winch cultural pmedees take place. It A bibliography of refernrecs,and attnched records of interviews which were avowed la M disclosed. The ind—en ofthis infmnmtien will help make environmental assessments and envirotanNrtal impact sta9emenls complele and mca the regmrements of Chap er 343,IRS,If you have any quesitans,please call us at 536-4195. 36 37 Kip—Annie Arakaki Navas Kip—Elizabeth Lee Kip—Francis Keanaama Kip—Gabriel Makuakane Kip—Josephine Kamoku Kip—Mildred Awong Arjona Kip—Sonny Pa'alua Alfreda(Kimura)Fujita Arlyn Gusman Arthur Keka Cheryl Iona Chris Nazarra Curtis Tyler Gene Reiser Herman Kunewa Iwalai Arakaki Jo-Anne Kahanamoku-Sterling Junior Kanuha Kala'a Willis Kale Nahale Kelly Greenwell Keone Atkinson Mikahala Roy Pete Hendricks Rene(Kimura)Fujita Ruby McDonald Sandy Auhoi Willie Kahul- 39