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HomeMy WebLinkAbout.PD BACKGROUND REPORT (PL-SMA-2023-000043) BWinter SMA March 2024 COUNTY OF HAWAI`I PLANNING DEPARTMENT BACKGROUND REPORT STEPHEN AND CHERYL WINTER SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT APPLICATION (PL-SMA-2023-000043) STEPHEN AND CHERYL WINTER have submitted an application for a Special Management Area Use Permit to develop a farm consisting of a single-family residence, caretakers' cottage, greenhouse, barn,pasture, and related improvements on two (2) shoreline parcels totaling 30.165- acres all within the Special Management Area. The subject parcels are located on Pd'auhau Road approximately 1,200-feet north from its intersection with Nanaina Kai Road, Haina, Portion of Pa`alaea to Lauka, Hamdkua, Hawaii, TMK's: (3) 4-5-002:016 & :080. APPLICANTS' REQUEST 1. Applicants' Request: The applicants' proposed project is to utilize and develop their 30+ acre site into a farm consisting of both animal husbandry and plant crops.Approximately 20 acres of the project area will be used to raise beef cattle and will include three (3) grazing areas or paddocks to be planted with Bermuda Grass.A steeper portion of the project area, approximately 5 acres,will be used to raise sheep and goats;these areas will also be planted with Bermuda grass and Zoysia.The applicants'plant husbandry practices will include a mix of fruit trees,field crops and garden produce.The trees planned include ulu,avocado,citrus, fig,mango,and others while the field crops will include pineapples and vegetables.A small greenhouse is planned for tomatoes and other crops,and a nursery for establishing tree crops will also be constructed on site. The applicants state that the plant husbandry area will be about 8 acres. The applicants plan to construct the following structures on the parcel: • One(1)story single-family residence(Farm Dwelling),totaling 6,200 square feet,to include 2 bedrooms, Pool, and related development. • A 900-squasre foot detached single-story garage. -1- • One (1) story caretakers' cottage (Farm Dwelling), totaling 760 square feet, to include I bedroom and related development. • A 450-square foot greenhouse. • A 2,100 square foot barn/workshop. After removal of the invasive and non-native plants from the project area, the applicants propose to establish the farming practices, which will involve extending cattle fencing to effectively raise livestock, along with the establishment of the various paddocks, planting areas greenhouses, and other related development. Additional development includes the construction of paved and gravel driveways;landscaping; and small-scale renewable energy systems for use in agricultural and residential activities. Regarding utility lines and other infrastructure,potable water will be from the County water line at Ndnaina Kai Road with a 2-inch-high density polyethylene(HDPE)water line.Non-potable water will be supplied by a well for ranch purposes and stored in an on-site tank.It may also be possible to obtain non- potable water from the Hdmdkua ditch. Wastewater will be treated and disposed of in two separate septic systems, one for each of the proposed farm dwelling structures. The applicants propose to connect boundary fence up to the boundary of the 40-foot shoreline setback line,no fence or structures will be placed within the 40-foot shoreline setback area. 2. Reasons for the Request: The applicants are proposing the project to establish a farm and grazing area for personal use. 3. Timeframe and Cost: The applicants did not provide a timeframe for the proposed project, and the valuation of the proposed project is estimated at$2,500,000. 4. Supportive Information: The applicants have submitted the attached in support of the request (Planning Department Exhibit 1 — Special Management Area Use Permit Application dated October 18,2023). 5. Landowners: Stephen D. Winter Trust& Cheryl A Winter Trust, Birmingham, MI BACKGROUND INFORMATION 6. March 15,2010: SMA Minor Permit No. 10-000144 was issued to allow for the after-the- fact construction of a tractor shed, storage yurt, and fencing on TMK (3) 4-5-002:080. -2- STATE AND COUNTY PLANS 7. County Zoning: 345002080: Agricultural 40-acres (A-40a) 345002016: Agricultural 40-acres (A-40a) 8. Hawai`i County General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) map: 345002080: Industrial (ind), Important Agricultural Lands (ial), Open (ope) 345002016: Important Agricultural Lands (ial), Open (ope) 9. State Land Use Zoning District: The subject parcels are within both the State Land Use (SLU) Agricultural District and SLU Conservation District. 10. Hamakua Community Development Plan(HCDP): The Hamakua CDP,was adopted by Ordinance 2018-078 in August 2018, by the Hawaii County Council. 11. Special Management Area: As stated previously, the total project area is approximately 30.1 acres,however, only those lands located within the SMA,which is less than 30-acres are included in this approval request.Public access exists along the entire shoreline fronting the project site, currently fisherman use the pali and evidence of this is found via three clusters of modern features that could be used by local fisherman such as sitting area, fire pits,and pole holders.The applicants are currently pursuing a certified shoreline to establish the 40-foot shoreline setback and the location of the makai fence. 12. HRS Chapter 343:Based on a review of the proj ect components within the SMA area,there are no triggers that would require an Environmental Assessment (EA) or Environmental Impact Statement(EIS). DESCRIPTION OF SUBJECT PROPERTY AND SURROUNDING AREA 13. Subject Properties and Project Area: The project area consists of rolling slopes perched above a steep,rocky pali roughly 80 to 165 feet above sea level. After more than a century of continuous sugar cane cultivation and grazing,the vegetation within and near the shoreline setback area is almost entirely alien, and the project area consists of wooded pasture with a variety of alien grasses,ironwood trees(Casuarina equisetifolia), Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius) and turkeyberry (Solanum torvum) shrubs. 14. Surrounding Zoning and Land Uses: The surrounding area is characterized by a mixture of developed and undeveloped lots of the Haina Pali Kai Estates Subdivision, including -3- Nanaina Malie Farms. Other uses in the surrounding area include Haina Camp,the Hamakua Power Plant, the State of Hawaii Creative Energy Lab, and the County's Honoka`a Wastewater Treatment Plant. Properties immediately surrounding the site are zoned A-40a by the County and consist of open space, agricultural and very low-density, agriculturally based residential use. 15. Flood Zone/Drainage: The Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA's) Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) indicates the project site and proposed development within Flood Zone "X"meaning the property and surrounding area is outside of the 0.2% annual chance floodplain. 16. Archaeological Resources:An Archeological Inventory Survey(AIS)was conducted on the entire project area to satisfy the current historic preservation regulatory review for the State Historic Preservation Division(SHPD). The AIS identified four(4)sites with a total of eight (8)features. The sites consist of an historic road(Site 50-10-08-31348), a complex of five terraces interpreted as historic agricultural features (Site 50-10-08-31349), a terrace interpreted as an historic/modern temporary encampment (Site 50-1008-31350), and a livestock control wall(Site 50-10-08-31351).The sites possess integrity of location,design, setting,materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. They are assessed as significant under Criterion "d" and have yielded information important for understanding historic habitation,transportation,agriculture,and ranching activity in the area.According to the AIS "No traditional Hawaiian sites were identified in the project area. This is not unexpected because of the extensive mechanized cultivation of sugar cane that would have destroyed most evidence of the traditional use of the area." The documentation of Site 31348, 31349, 31350, and 31351 adequately documents them and no further work or preservation is recommended. Ina letter dated October 23,2023, SHPD stated that they have reviewed the AIS and concur with the findings of the AIS (no further work or preservation is required). 17. Cultural Resources: The AIS also documented evidence of the modern cultural use of the project area("Modern 1", "Modern 2", and"Modern 3"). This consists of three clusters of modern features located in the seaward portion of the parcel, consisting of mounds and terraces potentially used as sitting areas,fire pits,fishing pole holders and a concentration of mortared bricks, likely created and used by local fisherman. -4- 18. Floral/Faunal Resources: Floral and faunal resources of the site are typical for overgrown and previously disturbed sugar cane lands.According to a review of the site,the vegetation within and near the shoreline setback area is almost entirely alien,and the Site consisted of a variety of alien grasses,ironwood trees(Casuarina equisetifolia),Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius)and turkeyberry(Solanum torvum)shrubs.Most of these invasive species in the State Agricultural Land Use District boundary have been removed (using chain saws, tractors with ropes to pull trees and shrubs,and excavators).Invasive species within the State Conservation Land Use District will also be removed(with approval from either the Board or Department of Land and Natural Resources). It is anticipated that the proposed farm will have no effect on existing native flora, as it is almost entirely non-native and/or invasive. 19. Public Access: The project area is located on privately-owned property, and development within the existing site will not impact existing lateral public access to the shoreline,publicly owned or used beaches, recreation areas, and natural reserves. In addition, the proposed buildings are set back 100 yards from the shoreline and no development will occur within the shoreline setback area. PUBLIC UTILITIES AND SERVICES 20. Access: Access to the project area is via two(2)separate road and utility easements that run from the County owned Ndnaina Kai Road to the project area. Road and Utility Easement "RU-6A" will provide access to parcel 80 (Lot 5) which includes the greenhouse, a farm dwelling, and barn. Road and Utility easement"RU-G"will provide access from Ndnaina Kai Road to parcel 16(Lot 4)where the main farm dwelling will be constructed. Additional access between the parcels will be created through the construction of a gravel driveway that will connect the two (2) single family dwellings. Currently these access roads are unimproved gravel, dirt roads. 21. Water: According to the Department of Water Supply (DWS), water is provided to the subject parcel through an existing 6-inch water line along Ndnaina Kai Road. Each subject parcel is served by an existing 5/8-inch meter,which is limited to an average usage of 400 gallons per day;DWS states"no additional water is available as the water availability in the area can only provide one(1)5/8-inch meter,per lot ofrecord".Additionally,DWS states that the existing services shall be for the proposed dwellings, and that the water systems -5- plumbing between the dwellings, or the non potable well shall not be interconnected in any way.Non-potable water will be supplied by a well for ranch purposes and stored in an on- site tank. The applicants will also pursue the ability to obtain non-potable water from the Hamakua ditch, however that will require additional permits and review by the State Commission on Water Resource Management(CWRM). 22. Wastewater: Wastewater will be treated and disposed of in two (2) separate Individual Wastewater Systems(IWS)for each of the proposed farm dwelling structures.The IWS will require approval from the State Department of Health(DOH). 23. Solid Waste: Solid waste from the proposed farm can be disposed of at the County of Hawai`i's Honoka`a Recycling and Transfer Station, located nearby on Plumeria Street. 24. All Other Essential Utilities and Services:Electricity and telephone services are available to the site and will be buried in trenches along the proposed access roads. Fire,police, and emergency management services are available in this part of Hamakua. AGENCIES' COMMENTS 25. State Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR),Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands (OCCL): (Planning Department Exhibit 2—February 9,2024,Memo). 26. DLNR-Engineering Division: (Planning Department Exhibit 3 — February 13, 2024, Memo). 27. State Department of Health: (Planning Department Exhibit 4 — February 2, 2024, Memo). 28. State Office of Planning and Sustainable Development(OPSD): (Planning Department Exhibit 5—February 20,2024,Letter). 29. Department of Public Works (DPW) —Engineering Division: (Planning Department Exhibit 6 —February 26,2024,Memo). 30. Department of Water Supply (DWS): (Planning Department Exhibit 7 — March 13, 2024,Letter). AGENCIES -NO COMMENTS OR CONCERNS 31. Police Department; DLNR—Land Division; USFWS. AGENCIES -NO RESPONSE 32. Department of Environmental Management (DEM); NRCS. -6- APPLICANTS' RESPONSE TO COMMENTS 33. Letter dated March 11,2024,from Sidney Fuke—Consultant to Planning Department (Planning Department Exhibit 8). -7- SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT APPLICATION COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT (Type or legibly print the requested information) APPLICANT:Stephen and Cheryl Winter APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE:_Air" Z �y _DATE:*1S 7-3 ADDRESS:555 S. Old Woodward Ave., Ste. 1308 Birmingham, MI 48009 LIST APPLICANT'S INTEREST IF NOT OWNER:Trustees LIST PRINCIPALS) INCLUDING NAMES OF MAIN OFFICERS: PHONE:(Bus.) 313-701 -7071 (Res.) (Fax) LANDOWNER(S):Stephen and Cheryl Winter Trusts LANDOWNER SIGNATURE(S):�TV--� w ATE:10/18/23 LANDOWNER(S) ADDRESS:sarne as abbv6byletter) REQUEST:SMA Major SMA Major TAX MAP KEY5-4-5-002-016 & 080 ZONING: A 40 SIZE OF PROPERTY OR AFFECTED AREA(S):30 acres AGENT:Sidney Fuke ADDRESS: P.O. Box 1345 Hilo, HI 96720 TELEPHONE:(Bus.)8089890640 (Res,) 8089890640 (Fax)8089890640 Please indicate to whom original correspondence and copies should be sent. ORIGINAL. Sidney Fuke COPIES: Stephen Winter Planning Dept. Exhibit 1 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA (SMA) USE PERMIT APPLICATION (Proposed Farm Development) Winter Farm Hamakua, Hawaii TMK: (3) 4-5-002: 016 and 080 Prepared for: Stephen and Cheryl Winter Prepared by: PBR HAWAII & Associates, Inc. Agent: Sidney Fuke Planning Consultant November 2023 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA (SMA) USE PERMIT APPLICATION (Proposed Farm Development) Winter Farm Hamakua, Hawaii, TMK: (3) 4-5-002: 016 and 080 L Nature of Request and Proiect Location The subject properties ("Site"), consisting of a total of 30.165 acres, are located on the makai side of Lower Cane Haul Road/Pd'auhau Road (Exhibit 1). The makai edge of the property is delineated by a cliff,which also establishes the shoreline (Exhibit 2). Stephen and Cheryl Winter("Applicant")wish to develop a farm consisting of a pasture, fencing, barn, greenhouse, farm dwelling, and caretaker's cottage. The Site can be described as follows: TMK 4-5-002:016 TMK 4-5-002:080 Area acres Exhibit 3 14.574 acres 15.591 acres Special Management Partially within Partially within Area SMA Exhibit 4 State Land Use Districts Mostly Agricultural; Mostly Agricultural; (Exhibit 5) Makai portion within Makai portion within Conservation Conservation County Zoning District A-40a Agricultural A-40a Agricultural Exhibit 6 Flood Hazard Zone Zone X Zone X Exhibit 7 Sea Level Rise 3.2 Feet Proposed development Proposed development (Exhibit 8) would not be impacted by would not be impacted by sea level rise (SLR) of SLR of 3.2 feet 3.2 feet US Fish & Wildlife No wetlands within Site No wetlands within Site Service National Wetlands Inventory Exhibit 9 1 IL Permitting History Research of the permitting history of the Site (involving two separate TMK parcels), yields the following information: TMK 4-5-002:016 TMK 4-5-002:080 ,VMA Permit No. None on record per SMA Minor Permit No. Co un website 10-00014 Exhibit 10 By letter dated March 15, 2010, the County Planning Department issued a SMA Minor Permit No. 10-000144 to a previous landowner(Mr. Walter Koenig) to allow for the after-the-fact construction of a tractor shed, storage yurt and fencing on the portion of the Site identified as TMK 4-5-002:080. (Exhibit 10) The Site was subsequently acquired (recordation dates—December 23, 2020, for Lot 5, and May 26, 2021, for Lot 4)by the Applicant. At the time of acquisition of the Site by the Applicant,the storage yurt was no longer present on the Site, and the rotting remains of the tractor shed were subsequently removed by the Applicant. III. Description of Proposed Proiect and Obiectives to be Accomplished After the Applicant removes many of the ironwood trees (Casuarina equisetifolia), and all of the Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius) and turkeyberry (Solanum torvum) from the Site (including within the State Conservation Land Use District— with approval from either the Board or Department of Land and Natural Resources), the Applicant proposes to farm the Site,which will involve the following development: - extending cattle fencing in order to effectively raise livestock; - a greenhouse for the cultivation of crops; - orchards for the cultivation of ulu, citrus, avocado, and various fruits - field and garden crops (e.g., pineapple) - a barn; - a water tank and utility lines; - paved and gravel driveways; - landscaping; and - small-scale renewable energy systems for use in agricultural and residential activities. In regard to utility lines and other infrastructure,potable water will be from the County water line at Nanaina Kai Road with a 2-inch-high density polyethylene (HDPE)water line. Non-potable water will be supplied by a well (capacity unknown) for ranch purposes and stored in an on-site tank. It may also be possible to obtain non-potable water from the Hamakua ditch. Wastewater will be treated and 2 disposed of in two separate septic systems, one for the farm dwelling, and another for the caretaker's cottage and barn. Electrical and communications ducting will be buried in trenches along the Site's driveways. There will be no above ground utility lines. The Site has been grazed for approximately three decades, and there is existing fencing at various locations on the Site. In order to effectively manage cattle production, additional fencing is required up to the boundaries of the 40-foot Shoreline Setback area. The fence will be placed no closer than 40 feet from the certified shoreline. It should be noted that a survey is currently in the process of being prepared and upon its completion, a request for its certification will be submitted. The fence would be constructed only upon receipt of the certified shoreline. A cross fence situated 40 feet from the edge of the pali would connect the three side boundary fences (refer to Exhibit 11). A cross fence along the mauka boundary of the Shoreline Setback area would involve approximately 1,820 feet of new fencing in addition to existing cattle fences. There will also be fencing to manage pasturing to avoid overgrazing, a paddock to facilitate loading/unloading of stock, and fences to protect field crops and gardens from cattle and feral pigs. IV. Regulatory Considerations As shown on Exhibit 12, Regulatory Constraints Map, there are three "zoning" designations that constrain development of the Site: - Shoreline Setback(40 feet from the shoreline/pali); - State Conservation District(area including the shoreline/pali; overlaps with the Shoreline Setback) - Special Management Area (overlaps with both the Shoreline Setback and the State Conservation District) It is the Applicant's intention to avoid development within the Shoreline Setback and State Conservation District, except where cattle fencing may be required to ensure the safety of lateral pedestrian access along the makai (pali) edge of the Site (and within the Shoreline Setback area). Two options for fencing are addressed in Exhibit 11, and were presented to the Planning Department in informal discussions. The Planning Department prefers a cross fence situated 40 feet from the edge of the pali that would connect the three side boundary fences and would involve approximately 1,820 feet of new fencing with the SMA. As previously mentioned, in addition to the cattle fencing the Applicant proposes the following uses within the Site (Exhibit 13), some of which will occur within the SMA: 3 - a farm dwelling; - a caretaker's cottage 1; - a greenhouse for the cultivation of crops; - orchards - field crops and gardens - an individual wastewater system for residential use; - a barn; - a water tank and utility lines; - paved and gravel driveways; - landscaping; and - small-scale renewable energy systems for use in agricultural activities. The proposed described development will cost over$500,000; therefore it is acknowledged that a Major SMA Permit will be required. V. Public Access to the Shoreline To portray current public access to shoreline resources, Exhibit 14 was prepared. According to the County of Hawaii Public Access to the Shoreline(1979), the shoreline conditions between Honoka`a Landing and Pd'auhau Landing are described as "Cliffs over 20 feet." This is shown at the top of Exhibit 14. Interestingly, in John R. K. Clark's Beaches of the Big Island, he notes that: "Along the rugged coast from Hilo to Waipio, Laupahoehoe is the best of the few places where canoes can land safely..." In fact,he describes no beaches between Laupahoehoe and Waipi`o. Currently fisherman use the pali fronting the Site. As discussed further in Section VI. C. below, Haun& Associates conducted an archaeological inventory survey (AIS) of the Site. The AIS documented evidence of the modern use of the Site along the pali. This consists of three clusters of modern features ("Modern I", "Modern 2" and "Modern 3" as shown on Exhibit 14) located in the seaward portion of the parcel, consisting of mounds and terraces potentially used as sitting areas, fire pits, fishing pole holders and a concentration of mortared bricks, likely created and used by local fisherman (Exhibit 20). These three clusters of modern features provide evidence of the current cultural practice of fishing. As shown on Exhibit 14, in the general vicinity,the public accesses the shoreline (pali) near the Site via Kia Manu Road(the County Planning Department refers to this road as "Makalae Road"), and a loop road that encircles the Honoka`a Wastewater Treatment Plant(HWWTP). Historically, Kia Manu Road extended to 'It is acknowledged that an"Additional Farm Dwelling Agreement(AFDA)Application"form must be completed and submitted to the Planning Department for review and approval. 4 "Honoka`a Landing" (a rocky beach that is more easily reached by foot than the pali that characterizes much of the Hamakua and North Hilo coastline). From the HWWTP loop road, a "jeep road" is used by the public to access the shoreline (as demonstrated by "Modern 1-3"fronting TMK 4-5-002:016). As displayed on Exhibit 14, the HWWTP is located on TMK 4-5-002:060 and there is only one property between the HWWTP and the Site with shoreline (Pali) frontage. That property is identified as TMK 4-5-002:081. As is the case with the HWWTP and the Site (and properties to the east), development of TMK 4-5-002:081 is constrained by the 40-foot Shoreline Setback and the State Conservation District (area within 300 feet from the shoreline/pali), so there are no current obstructions to lateral shoreline access (within the Shoreline Setback area)between the HWWTP loop road and to the shoreline (pali)fronting the Site. VI. Description of Anticipated Impacts A. Description of the Area Involved As described in Exhibit 11, the Site consists of rolling slopes perched above a steep,rocky pali roughly 80 to 165 feet above sea level. After more than a century of continuous sugar cane cultivation and grazing,the vegetation within and near the Shoreline Setback area is almost entirely alien, and the Site consists of wooded pasture with a variety of alien grasses, ironwood trees (Casuarina equisetifolia), Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius) and turkeyberry (Solanum torvum) shrubs (Exhibit 15). As shown on Exhibit 9, there are no streams or wetlands present on the Site. B. Description of Surrounding Area and Uses The surrounding area is characterized by a mixture of developed and undeveloped lots of the Haina Pali Kai Estates Subdivision, including Nanaina Malie Farms. Other uses in the surrounding area include Haina Camp, Hamakua Power Plant,the State of Hawaii Creative Energy Lab, and the County's Honoka`a Wastewater Treatment Plant. Properties immediately surrounding the Site are zoned A-40a by the County and consist of open space, agricultural and very low-density, agriculturally- based residential use. 5 C. Description of Impacts to Subiect and Surrounding Areas A possible impact that could result from this action is a visual one. The Applicant is proposing to intensify agricultural and agriculturally-based residential use of the property by developing the following above-ground structures: - a farm dwelling; - a caretaker's cottage; - a greenhouse for the cultivation of crops; - a barn; - a water tank; - paved and gravel driveways; - landscaping; and - small-scale renewable energy systems for use in agricultural activities. It should be noted that the Site is located over 1.7 miles from Hawaii Belt Road(the nearest public highway).None of the proposed above-ground development would be visible from Hawaii Belt Road. The above-ground components of the proposed development could not affect scenic views towards the ocean from the intersection of Lehua Street and Waipi`o Road, or the intersection of Lehua Street and Haina Road, because the topography shields them from view. The proposed development will not include above ground utility lines or poles that would alter views. Other natural resources of concern include floral and faunal resources, archaeological and historical resources, and drainage and/or flood waters. Floral and Faunal Resources—Floral and faunal resources of the Site are based on Exhibit 11. According to Exhibit 11, the vegetation within and near the Shoreline Setback area was almost entirely alien, and the Site consisted of a variety of alien grasses, ironwood trees (Casuarina equisetifolia), and Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius) and turkeyberry (Solanum torvum) shrubs (see Exhibit 15). A plan for their removal is shown on Exhibit 16. Most of these invasive species in the State Agricultural Land Use District boundary have been removed (using chain saws,tractors with ropes to pull trees and shrubs, and excavators). Invasive species within the State Conservation Land Use District will also be removed(with approval from either the Board or Department of Land and Natural Resources). It is anticipated that the proposed farm will have no effect on existing native flora, as it is almost entirely absent. Exhibit 11 mentions the potential impacts of fencing (especially if top-strand barbed wire is installed) on native birds and the Hawaiian hoary bat. 6 As shown on Exhibit 17,there are no endangered species' critical habitats located near the Site or surrounding area(Honoka`a). As shown on Exhibit 9, there are also no wetlands or streams on the Site that would attract waterbirds. Archaeological and Historical Resources -Haun& Associates conducted an archaeological inventory survey (AIS) of the 14.574-acre TMK: (3) 4-5- 002:016 and the 15.591-acre TMK: (3) 4-5-002:080. Parcel 016 is situated in Papa`anui Ahupua`a, and Parcel 080 is located in both Haina and Papa`anui Ahupua`a, in the Hamakua District on the Island of Hawaii. The AIS is attached as Exhibit 18. The objective of the archaeological inventory survey is to satisfy current historic preservation regulatory review inventory requirements of the Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-SHPD), as contained within Hawaii Administrative Rules, Title 13, DLNR, Subtitle 13, Chapters 276 and 284, State Historic Preservation Rules. In a letter dated October 23, 2023, DLNR- SHPD stated that they have reviewed and concur with the findings of the AIS (refer to letter included at the end of Exhibit 18). The AIS identified four sites with a total of eight features (Exhibit 19). The sites consist of an historic road(Site 50-10-08-31348), a complex of five terraces interpreted as historic agricultural features (Site 50-10-08-31349), a terrace interpreted as an historic/modern temporary encampment(Site 50-10- 08-31350), and a livestock control wall (Site 50-10-08-31351). The sites possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials,workmanship, feeling, and association. They are assessed as significant under Criterion"d" and have yielded information important for understanding historic habitation, transportation, agriculture, and ranching activity in the area. According to the AIS (Exhibit 18), "No traditional Hawaiian sites were identified in the project area. This is not unexpected because of the extensive mechanized cultivation of sugar cane that would have destroyed most evidence of the traditional use of the area." The documentation of Site 31348, 31349, 31350, and 31351 adequately documents them and no further work or preservation is recommended. As shown on Exhibit 20,the AIS also documented evidence of the modern cultural use of the project area("Modern 1", "Modern 2", and"Modern 3"). This consists of three clusters of modern features located in the seaward portion of the parcel, consisting of mounds and terraces potentially used as sitting areas, fire pits, fishing pole holders and a concentration of mortared bricks, likely created and used by local fisherman. In the event of discovery of any unidentified sites or remains, such as artifacts, shell,bone or charcoal deposits,human burials,rock or coral alignments, pavings or walls, all work in the immediate area shall cease. The Planning 7 Director shall be immediately notified. Work will only proceed with an archaeological clearance from the Planning Director. The archaeological clearance requires a finding that sufficient mitigative measures are taken for the discovery; with written guidance from the State Historic Preservation Division ("SHPD") of the Department of Land and Natural Resources. Drainage and Flood Water—According to Panel 1551660230F of the Flood Insurance Rate Map (Exhibit 7), all of the Site is located within Zone X. According to https://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/op/gis/dataJs_fld haz_ar state.pdf, "Zone X is the flood insurance rate zones that correspond to areas outside the 1 percent annual chance floodplain and areas protected from the 1 percent annual chance flood by levees. No Base Flood Elevations or depths are shown within this zone. Insurance purchase is not required in these zones." According to the project civil engineer,Younger Engineering Services,there is no need for rain/stormwater runoff retention ponds. The property uphill has a large plantation era holding pond blocking most runoff onto the Site. The planned hardened, developed areas are small and are protected with both temporary and permanent erosion control measures. D. Unavoidable Impacts and Proposed Mitigation As noted earlier, the project will, albeit negligibly, generate some impacts. The proposed buildings will be invisible below the ridge mauka from them. In the unlikely event that there are visual impacts particularly from Lower Cane Haul Road/Pd'auhau Road, the appearance of the mauka sides of the farm dwelling, barn, and the greenhouse can be screened with landscaping. The proposed caretaker's cottage is located below the greenhouse and will likely be screened by it and the landscaping around it. On the topic of floral and faunal resources, it is anticipated that there will be no effect on existing native flora, as the Site is almost entirely devoid of them (Exhibit 11). As shown on Exhibit 17, there are no endangered species' critical habitats located near the Site or surrounding area (Honoka`a). As shown on Exhibit 9,there are also no wetlands or streams on the Site that would attract waterbirds. With respect to cultural and archaeological resources,the archaeological inventory survey report indicates minimal impacts. The SHPD can be contacted if there are any inadvertent finds during the construction phase of this project. Furthermore, no impacts are anticipated to lateral public shoreline access, as there is a 40-foot Shoreline Setback from the top of the pali. Additionally,there are no structures being proposed within the 40-foot 8 Shoreline Setback area, resulting in continued lateral public shoreline access to this area. In terms of drainage and flood water, none of the Site is located within a floodway. According to the project civil engineer,Younger Engineering Services,there is no need for rain/stormwater runoff retention ponds. The property uphill has a huge plantation era holding pond blocking most runoff onto the Site. The planned hardened, developed areas are small and are protected with both temporary and permanent erosion control measures. E. Alternatives to the Proposed Proiect There are several alternatives to this project. One would be to not proceed with the project. However,it is the Applicants' objective to retire, and live and farm in Haina. Another alternative would be to not include ranching. Given that overgrown vegetation can pose a wildfire hazard, and pasturing is an effective means of controlling overgrown vegetation,this alternative is not considered desirable to the Applicant and its neighbors. A related alternative would be cultivating crops instead of pasturing the majority of the Site. An undesirable alternative would be to move the construction of the farm dwelling within the State Conservation Land Use District(but mauka of the 40-foot Shoreline Setback). The advantage of this alternative is that it would put development in the flatter portion of the Site, saving construction costs, but however,the structure would be closer to the Shoreline Setback and those using the shoreline for fishing. With a structure closer to the pali, there is also a concern of the potential for future subsidence. F. Any Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitment of Resources Given the overgrowth of invasive species and the lack of a wetland or stream on the Site, the likelihood of finding rare or endangered plant or animal life within or proximate to this Site appears remote. As shown on Exhibit 16, almost the entire Site was/is covered by either Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius),turkeyberry (Solanum torvum) shrubs, and ironwood trees (Casuarina equisetifolia). All are invasive plant species. As shown on Exhibit 9,there are also no wetlands or streams on the Site that would attract waterbirds. As noted earlier, the AIS identified four sites with a total of eight features (Exhibit 19). The sites consist of an historic road (Site 50-10-08-31348), a complex of five terraces interpreted as historic agricultural features (Site 50- 9 10-08-31349), a terrace interpreted as an historic/modern temporary encampment(Site 50-10-08-31350), and a livestock control wall (Site 50-10- 08-31351). According to the AIS, "No traditional Hawaiian sites were identified in the project area. This is not unexpected because of the extensive mechanized cultivation of sugar cane that would have destroyed most evidence of the traditional use of the area." The AIS also noted that"The documentation of Site 31348, 31349, 31350, and 31351 adequately documents them and no further work or preservation is recommended." As shown on Exhibit 20, the AIS also documented evidence of the modern cultural use of the project area ("Modern 1", "Modern 2", and"Modern 3"). This consists of three clusters of modern features located in the seaward portion of the parcel, consisting of mounds and terraces potentially used as sitting areas, fire pits, fishing pole holders and a concentration of mortared bricks, likely created and used by local fisherman.No impacts are anticipated to lateral public shoreline access, as there is a 40-foot Shoreline Setback from the top of the pali. Additionally,there are no structures being proposed within the 40-foot Shoreline Setback area, resulting in continued lateral public shoreline access to this area. Wastewater will be treated and disposed of in two separate septic systems, one for the farm dwelling, and another for the caretaker's cottage and barn. Accordingly, this proposed action should not result in the irreversible or irretrievable commitment of any environmental resources. VIL Relationship to HRS, Chapter 205A Obiectives and Policies The Coastal Zone Management(CZM)Area, as defined in Chapter 205A, HRS, includes all the lands of the State. Therefore, the Site lies within the CZM Area. The CZM Program aims to provide recreational opportunities,protect historic resources, protect scenic and open space resources,protect coastal ecosystems, provide facilities for economic development, reduce hazards, and manage development. Program objectives and policies applicable to the proposed Winter Farm project are discussed below: Table 1: Coastal Zone Management Act, Chapter 205A, HRS COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT,CHAPTER 205A,HRS S N/S N/A (Key:S=Supportive,N/S=Not Supportive,N/A=Not Applicable) Recreational Resources ftective: A Provide coastal recreational opportunities accessible to the public. Policies: (A) Improve coordination and funding of coastal recreational planning and management; X and (B) Provide adequate,accessible,and diverse recreational opportunities in the coastal zone management area by: (i) Protecting coastal resources uniquely suited for recreational activities that cannot X 10 COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT,CHAPTER 205A,HRS S N/S N/A (Key:S=Supportive,N/S=Not Supportive,N/A=Not Applicable be provided in other areas; (ii) Requiring replacement of coastal resources having significant recreational value X including,but not limited to,surfing sites,fishponds,and sand beaches,when such resources will be unavoidably damaged by development; or requiring reasonable monetary compensation to the State for recreation when replacement is not feasible or desirable; (iii) Providing and managing adequate public access, consistent with conservation of X natural resources,to and along shorelines with recreational value; (iv) Providing an adequate supply of shoreline parks and other recreational facilities X suitable for public recreation; (v) Ensuring public recreational uses of county, state, and federally owned or X controlled shoreline lands and waters having recreational value consistent with public safety standards and conservation of natural resources; (vi) Adopting water quality standards and regulating point and nonpoint sources of X pollution to protect, and where feasible, restore the recreational value of coastal waters; (vii) Developing new shoreline recreational opportunities, where appropriate, such as X artificial lagoons,artificial beaches,and artificial reefs for surfing and fishing;and (viii) Encouraging reasonable dedication of shoreline areas with recreational value for X public use as part of discretionary approvals or permits by the land use commission, board of land and natural resources, and county authorities; and crediting such dedication against the requirements of section 46-6. Discussion: The proposed Winter Farm project will not obstruct lateral public shoreline access.Because the grading necessary for the project is greater than one acre,a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)permit application is being prepared for the Project and will be submitted soon.The NPDES permit process underway will assure no adverse impact to recreation at the shoreline. Historic Resources Objective:(A)Protect,preserve, and, where desirable, restore those natural and manmade historic and prehistoric resources in the coastal zone management area that are significant in Hawaiian andAmerican history and culture. Policies: (A) Identify and analyze significant archaeological resources; X (B) Maximize information retention through preservation of remains and artifacts or salvage X operations;and (C) Support state goals for protection, restoration, interpretation, and display of historic X resources. Discussion:As noted earlier,the AIS identified four sites with a total of eight features(Exhibit 19).The sites consist of an historic road(Site 50-10-08-31348),a complex of five terraces interpreted as historic agricultural features(Site 50-10-08-31349),a terrace interpreted as an historic/modem temporary encampment(Site 50-10- 08-31350),and a livestock control wall(Site 50-10-08-31351).According to the AIS,"No traditional Hawaiian sites were identified in the project area.This is not unexpected because of the extensive mechanized cultivation of sugar cane that would have destroyed most evidence of the traditional use of the area."The documentation of Site 31348,31349,31350,and 31351 adequately documents them and no further work or preservation is recommended. In the event of discovery of anyunidentified sites or remains,such as artifacts,shell,bone or charcoal deposits, human burials,rock or coral alignments,pavings or walls,all work in the immediate area shall cease. The Planning Director shall be immediately notified. Work will only proceed with an archaeological clearance from the Planning Director. The archaeological clearance requires a finding that sufficient mitigative measures are 11 COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT,CHAPTER 205A,HRS S N/S N/A (Key:S=Supportive,N/S=Not Supportive,N/A=Not Applicable) taken for the discovery;with written guidance from the State Historic Preservation Division("SHPD")of the Department of Land and Natural Resources. Scenic and Open Space Resources Objective:(A)Protect,preserve, and, where desirable, restore or improve the quality of coastal scenic and open space resources. Policies: (A) Identify valued scenic resources in the coastal zone management area; X (B) Ensure that new developments are compatible with their visual environment by X designing and locating such developments to minimize the alteration of natural landforms and existing public views to and along the shoreline; (C) Preserve,maintain,and,where desirable,improve and restore shoreline open space and X scenic resources;and D Encourage those developments that are not coastal dependent to locate in inland areas. X Discussion: The Winter Farm project involves the development of a farm setback from the shoreline.The proposed Project will be set back from the shoreline and will not obstruct public views along the shoreline, ensuring that the quality of existing coastal scenic and open space resources will be minimally impacted.The proposed development will not include above ground utility lines or poles that would alter views. Coastal Ecosystems is Objective:(A)Protect valuable coastal ecosystems, including reefs,from disruption and minimize adverse impacts on all coastal ecosystems. Policies: (A) Exercise an overall conservation ethic,and practice stewardship in the protection,use, X and development of marine and coastal resources; B Improve the technical basis for natural resource management; X (C) Preserve valuable coastal ecosystems, including reefs, of significant biological or X economic importance; (D) Minimize disruption or degradation of coastal water ecosystems by effective regulation X of stream diversions, channelization, and similar land and water uses, recognizing competing water needs;and (E) Promote water quantity and quality planning and management practices that reflect the X tolerance of fresh water and marine ecosystems and maintain and enhance water quality through the development and implementation of point and nonpoint source water pollution control measures. Discussion: The Winter Farm project will not directly impact coastal ecosystems,including reefs,as it is set back from the shoreline.BMPs(such as silt fences)will be implemented during construction to prevent erosion and stormwater runoff during the construction phase.All work to conform to the Hawaii County Grading Ordinance.No construction activity(other than cattle fencing),vehicles,stockpiles,etc.will occur within the Conservation District. Economic Uses Objective:(A)Provide public or private facilities and improvements important to the State's economy in suitable locations. Policies: A Concentrate coastal dependent development in appropriate areas; X (B) Ensure that coastal dependent development such as harbors and ports, and coastal X related development such as visitor industry facilities and energy generating facilities, are located, designed, and constructed to minimize adverse social, visual, and environmental impacts in the coastal zone management area;and (C) Direct the location and expansion of coastal dependent developments to areas presently designated and used for such developments and permit reasonable long-term growth at such areas,and permit coastal dependent 12 COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT,CHAPTER 205A,HRS S N/S N/A (Key:S=Supportive,N/S=Not Supportive,N/A=Not Applicable) development outside of presently designated areas when: i Use of presently designated locations is not feasible; X ii Adverse environmental effects are minimized;and X iii The development is important to the State's economy. X Discussion: The proposed Project is a private facility,but its development cannot be considered"important to the State's economy." Coastal Hazards Objective:(A)Reduce hazard to life and property from tsunami,storm waves,stream flooding, erosion, subsidence, and pollution. Policies: (A) Develop and communicate adequate information about storm wave, tsunami, flood, X erosion,subsidence,and point and non point source pollution hazards; (B) Control development in areas subject to storm wave,tsunami,flood,erosion,hurricane, X wind,subsidence,and point and non point source pollution hazards; (C) Ensure that developments comply with requirements of the Federal Flood Insurance X Program;and (D) Prevent coastal flooding from inland projects. X Discussion:According to the Flood Insurance Rate Map(FIRM)prepared by the Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA),National Flood Insurance Program(NFIP),the Property is located in"Zone X", meaning that the Property and surrounding area is outside of the 0.2%annual chance floodplain(Exhibit 7). There are no known hazards to life and property on the Project site from storm wave,tsunami runup,hurricane storm surge,wind,stream flooding,erosion,subsidence,and pollution. Managing Development Objective:(A)Improve the development review process, communication, and public participation in the management o coastal resources and hazards. Policies: (A) Use, implement, and enforce existing law effectively to the maximum extent possible X in managing resent and future coastal zone development; (B) Facilitate timely processing of applications for development permits and resolve X overlapping or conflicting permit requirements;and (C) Communicate the potential short and long-term impacts of proposed significant coastal X developments early in their life cycle and in terms understandable to the public to facilitate public participation in the planning and review process. Discussion: This application discusses potential impacts and mitigation measures of the proposed Winter Farm project which will be reviewed by the Planning Department and the Windward Planning Commission. Public Participation L IL Objective:(A) Stimulate public awareness, education, and participation in coastal management. Policies: (A) Promote public involvement in coastal zone managementprocesses; X (B) Disseminate information on coastal management issues by means of educational X materials, published reports, staff contact, and public workshops for persons and organizations concerned with coastal issues,developments,and government activities; and (C) Organize workshops, policy dialogues, and site-specific mediations to respond to X coastal issues and conflicts. 13 COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT,CHAPTER 205A,HRS S N/S N/A (Key:S=Supportive,N/S=Not Supportive,N/A=Not A licable Discussion: This application discusses potential impacts and mitigation measures of the proposed Winter Farm project which will be reviewed by the Planning Department and the Windward Planning Commission.As part of the application process two public notices to surrounding property owners and lessees of record are required. Objective: A Protect beaches or public use and recreation. Policies: (A) Locate new structures inland from the shoreline setback to conserve open space, X minimize interference with natural shoreline processes, and minimize loss of improvements due to erosion; (B) Prohibit construction of private erosion-protection structures seaward of the shoreline, X except when they result in improved aesthetic and engineering solutions to erosion at the sites and do not interfere with existing recreational and waterline activities;and (C) Minimize the construction of public erosion-protection structures seaward of the X shoreline. (D) Prohibit private property owners from creating a public nuisance by inducing or X cultivating the private property owner's vegetation in a beach transit corridor;and (E) Prohibit private property owners from creating a public nuisance by allowing the private X property owner's unmaintained vegetation to interfere or encroach upon a beach transit corridor. Discussion: Except for livestock fencing,as discussed above,the proposed Winter Farm project will be set back at least 100 yards from the shoreline.The Applicant has no plans to induce or cultivate landscaping that would interfere or encroach upon the shoreline's lateral public transit corridor. Marine Resources Objective:(A)Promote the protection, use, and development of marine and coastal resources to assure their sustainabili . Policies: (A) Ensure that the use and development of marine and coastal resources are ecologically X and environmentally sound and economically beneficial; (B) Coordinate the management of marine and coastal resources and activities to improve X effectiveness and efficiency; (C) Assert and articulate the interests of the State as a partner with federal agencies in the X sound management of ocean resources within the United States exclusive economic zone; (D) Promote research, study, and understanding of ocean processes,marine life, and other X ocean resources in order to acquire and inventory information necessary to understand how ocean development activities relate to and impact upon ocean and coastal resources;and (E) Encourage research and development of new, innovative technologies for exploring, X using,or protecting marine and coastal resources. Discussion: The objective and policies of"Marine Resources"are not applicable to the proposed Project. 14 VIII. Relationship to SMA Obiectives and Policies As shown in Exhibit 4, the Winter Farm project is located in the Special Management Area (SMA). In the County of Hawaii, permit review guidelines are derived from Section 205A- 26 HRS.Act 16(SB2060,SD2,1­1132),adopted on September 15,2020,amended HRS Chapter 205A. The proposed Winter Farm project requires an SMA Use Permit—Major. In addition to the objectives and policies of the Hawaii CZM Program (section IV above), Chapter 205A-26, HRS,provides guidelines for approving development within the SMA. The guidelines listed in Chapter 205A-26, HRS along with discussion of how the proposed Project conforms to these guidelines are discussed below. (1) All development in the special management area shall be subject to reasonable terms and conditions set by the authority in order to ensure: (A)Adequate access, by dedication or other means, to publicly owned or used beaches, recreation areas, and natural reserves is provided to the extent consistent with sound conservation principles; (B)Adequate and properly located public recreation areas and wildlife preserves are reserved; (C)Provisions are made for solid and liquid waste treatment, disposition, and management which will minimize adverse effects upon special management area resources; and (D)Alterations to existing land forms and vegetation, except crops, and construction of structures shall cause minimum adverse effect to water resources and scenic and recreational amenities and minimum danger of floods, wind damage, storm surge, landslides, erosion, siltation, or failure in the event of earthquake. Discussion: The Site is located on privately-owned property, and development within the existing Site will not impact existing lateral public access to the shoreline,publicly-owned or used beaches, recreation areas, and natural reserves. In addition, the proposed buildings are set back 100 yards from the shoreline and no development will occur within the Shoreline Setback area. The proposed Project will not result in adverse effects to water resources or scenic and recreational amenities or increase the danger of floods,wind damage, storm surge, landslides, erosion, siltation, or failure in the event of earthquake. Solid waste from the Winter Farm can be disposed of at the County of Hawai`i's Honoka`a Recycling and Transfer Station, located nearby on Plumeria Street. Wastewater from the proposed farm dwelling and caretaker's cottage will be treated onsite by septic systems. While some grading work may be required for the proposed Project (barn, greenhouse, farm dwelling, caretaker's cottage, and site driveways, it will have a negligible effect on the topography of the Property (Exhibit 2) and will maintain existing drainage patterns (refer to 15 Exhibit 13). Earthwork volumes will include approximately 16,000 Cubic Yards (CY) of cut and approximately 13,270 CY of fill (excess material to be placed in an identified spoils area outside of the State Conservation District). BMPs, such as silt fences,will be implemented to prevent pollution of the shoreline. Any grading will be done in compliance with the Hawaii County Grading Ordinance and the terms of an NPDES permit, including the preparation of an erosion control plan and implementation of BMPs. Temporary erosion control measures during construction will minimize soil loss and erosion hazards. BMPs may include temporary sediment basins, temporary diversion berms and swales to intercept runoff, silt fences, slope protection, stabilized construction entrances and truck wash-down areas. The Property is located within Zone X which is defined by the FEMA as "areas determined to be outside the 0.2% annual chance floodplain." (Exhibit 7). (2) No development shall be approved unless the authority has first found: (A) That the development will not have any substantial adverse environmental or ecological effect, except as such adverse effect is minimized to the extent practicable and clearly outweighed by public health, safety, or compelling public interests. Such adverse effects shall include, but not be limited to, the potential cumulative impact of individual developments, each one ofwhich taken in itselfmight not have a substantial adverse effect, and the elimination ofplanning options; (B) That the development is consistent with the objectives, policies, and special management area guidelines of this chapter and any guidelines enacted by the legislature; and (C)That the development is consistent with the county general plan and zoning. Such a finding ofconsistency does not preclude concurrent processing where a general plan or zoning amendment may also be required. Discussion: The proposed Project will not have substantial adverse environmental or ecological effects and will not have a cumulative adverse impact on the environment or involve a commitment for larger actions. Section III.F. above provides a discussion regarding any irreversible or irretrievable commitment of resources. The proposed Project is consistent with the objectives,policies, and special management area guidelines as detailed in this section. In addition, the proposed Project is: 1) consistent with the County of Hawaii General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (Exhibit 21); and 2) consistent with the County of Hawaii Zoning Code (Exhibit 6). (3) The authority shall seek to minimize, where reasonable: (A)Dredging,filling or otherwise altering any bay, estuary, salt marsh, river mouth, slough or lagoon; 16 (B)Any development which would reduce the size of any beach or other area usable for public recreation; (C)Any development which would reduce or impose restrictions upon public access to tidal and submerged lands, beaches, portions of rivers and streams within the special management areas and the mean high tide line where there is no beach; (D)Any development which would substantially interfere with or detract from the line of sight toward the sea from the state highway nearest the coast; and (E)Any development which would adversely affect water quality, existing areas of open water free of visible structures, existing and potential fisheries and fishing grounds, wildlife habitats, or potential or existing agricultural uses of land. Discussion: The proposed Project: • Does not involve dredging, filling or otherwise altering any bay, estuary, salt marsh, river mouth, slough or lagoon; • Will not include any development within the Shoreline Setback, and thus will not: o Reduce the size of any beach or other area usable for public recreation (such as fishing); o Impose restrictions upon public access to tidal and submerged lands, beaches, portions of rivers and streams within the special management areas, and the mean high tide line where there is no beach; or o Interfere with or detract from the line of sight toward the sea from the State highway nearest the coast, as the nearest State Highway is Hawaii Belt Road, which is approximately 1.7 miles away from the Site.None of the proposed above-ground development of the Site or its coastline is visible from Hawaii Belt Road, and that should remain unchanged. The above-ground components of the proposed development could not affect scenic views towards the ocean from the intersection of Lehua Street and Waipi`o Road, or the intersection of Lehua Street and Haina Road,because the topography shields them from view. The proposed development will not include above ground utility lines or poles that would alter views. • Will not adversely affect: o Water quality because: ❑ There is no need for rain/stormwater runoff retention ponds. The property uphill has a huge plantation era holding pond blocking most runoff onto the site. The planned hardened, developed areas are small and are protected with 17 both temporary and permanent erosion control measures. Existing drainage patterns will not be adversely affected. ❑ Construction activities will comply with the Hawaii County Grading Ordinance including the preparation of an erosion control plan and implementation of BMPs required for the NPDES permit; o Existing areas of open water free of visible structures because: ❑ The proposed Project will occur on land. o Existing and potential fisheries and fishing grounds because: ❑ Water quality will be protected as described above. o Wildlife habitats because: ❑ No rare,threatened, or endangered plant,mammalian, or avian species, or their critical habitats are present on the Site. To minimize the potential impact that artificial lighting may have on seabirds, all lighting will be fully shielded, and construction will be limited to daytime hours. o Potential or existing agricultural uses of land because: ❑ The proposed Project involves farming of the Site. Based on the foregoing, it is concluded that the proposed improvements are consistent with the objectives,policies and guidelines of the Special Management Area Rules and Regulations. Specifically: A. The proposed project will not have any substantial, adverse environmental or ecological effect. Any effect that may result will be minimized to the extent practicable and is clearly outweighed by public health, safety and welfare, and other compelling public interest. Further, it will not generate any adverse effects by themselves or in conjunction with other individual developments,the potential cumulative impacts of which would result in a substantial adverse environmental or ecological effect and the elimination of planning options. Appropriate mitigative measures will be taken to address any potential adverse impacts of this project; B. The proposed activities - as discussed earlier- are consistent with the objectives,policies, and guidelines of the SMA Rules and Regulations; and C. The proposed activities are consistent with the County General Plan and County Zoning Code. 18 EXHIBITS EXHIBIT I EXHIBIT 2 EXHIBIT 3 EXHIBIT 4 EXHIBIT 5 EXHIBIT 6 EXHIBIT 7 EXHIBIT 8 EXHIBIT 9 EXHIBIT 10 EXHIBIT 11 EXHIBIT 12 EXHIBIT 13 EXHIBIT 14 EXHIBIT 15 EXHIBIT 16 EXHIBIT 17 EXHIBIT 18 EXHIBIT 19 EXHIBIT 20 EXHIBIT 21 �-. � ,�.-.,fir���,.-�:,�� -.�•�`►. . v �, ` �r����N �. OCEAN r \ 71/2 Lot 7-B TMK: (3)4-5-002:82 Lot 3 i TMK: (3)4-5-002:79 OAD & UTIL ESMT"RU-G" 1 ROAD & UTIL ESMT"RU-6A" Lot 6 TMK: (3)4-5-002:81 •�1 Lot 7-A N �pP� TMK: (3)4-5-002:24 �PNP o — — �� O TOPOGRAPHIC CONTOURS ARE FROM U AIRBORNE LIDAR AND ON THE GROUND ~ SURVEY TOTAL STATION MAPPING 1 1 BY PATTISON SURVEYING AND OTHERS TOPOGRAPHIC MAP LOTS 4, 5 & 7-B Haina and Panui, Hamakua, Island and County of Hawaii TMK: (3)4-5-002:016, 080 & 082 EXHIBIT 2 Exhibit 3:Tax Map Key TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673/ 1704 . 110422 ^°o Y _ p 2 O A, �l n \\ a r a , A l " A It kS Z ICI��/ � .°► < i �.!..\ J c� 7 o v u fill CL I I liltY NO �y Cg •0 �yyyq..� t T CL i ` ! T o •o vl G �, Y ui °� ice;�— ##�a mat � �[''�1,"t•l��Aad :i. �a•o s'�' �:� � v CL 0. Oil Q. • 2 wil :� p L LO YTd tray� DA LL *Note: This Tax Map does not reflect that easement RU-E has since been extinguished. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 3 Exhibit 4:Special Management Area Project Area 345002777 345OD2080 345002016 345002081 4-5 345002079 34500207o 345002€}82 345002071 9/12/2023, 10:45:12 AM 1:4,514 0 0.04 0.07 0.14 mi Special Management Area (SMA) TMK Zone-Sections (Labels) NO 0 0.05 0.1 0.2 km Parcels (labels) Yes 0 Parcels (boundary lines) 0 Coastline Sources:Esri,Airbus IDS,USGS,NGA,NASA,CGIAR,N Robinson,NCEAS, NLS, OS, NMA, Geodatastyrelsen, Rijkswaterstaat, GSA, Geoland, FEMA, Intermap and the GIS user community,Esri Community Maps Contributors, OpenStreetMap, Microsoft, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, GeoTechnologies,Inc,METI/NASA,USGS,EPA,US Census Bureau,USDA ArcGIS Web AppBuilder Sources:Esri,USGS I Esri Community Maps Contributors,©OpenStreetMap,Microsoft,Esri,HERE,Garmin,SafeGraph,GeoTechnologies,Inc,METI/NASA,USGS,EPA,US Census Bureau,USDA Exhibit 5:State Land Use District Boundaries Project Area 345Q02777 345fFD2M 34,9M2016 345002'081 +5 345002079 3d500207o 345Q42082 34500207 9/12/2023, 10:46:51 AM 1:4,514 0 0.04 0.07 0.14 mi SLU Classifications 0 Coastline 0 0.05 0.1 0.2 km Agricultural TMK Zone-Sections (Labels) Conservation Parcels (labels) Sources:Esri,Airbus IDS,USGS,NGA,NASA,CGIAR,N Robinson,NCEAS, NLS, OS, NMA, Geodatastyrelsen, Rijkswaterstaat, GSA, Geoland, FEMA, Urban Parcels (boundary lines) Intermap and the GIS user community,Esri Community Maps Contributors, OpenStreetMap, Microsoft, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, GeoTechnologies,Inc,METI/NASA,USGS,EPA,US Census Bureau,USDA ArcGIS Web AppBuilder Sources:Esri,USGS I Esri Community Maps Contributors,©OpenStreetMap,Microsoft,Esri,HERE,Garmin,SafeGraph,GeoTechnologies,Inc,METI/NASA,USGS,EPA,US Census Bureau,USDA County Zoning A-40a Project eft a 345002777 345002080 345002016 345002081 A-40a 4-5 345002079 345002078 345002082 345U(?2U7 9/12/2023, 10:50:59 AM 1:4,514 0 0.04 0.07 0.14 mi Zoning (Labels) TMK Zone-Sections (Labels) 0 0.05 0.1 0.2 km Zoning Parcels (labels) A-40a 0 Parcels (boundary lines) Sources:Esri,Airbus IDS,USGS,NGA,NASA,CGIAR,N Robinson,NCEAS, NLS, OS, NMA, Geodatastyrelsen, Rijkswaterstaat, GSA, Geoland, FEMA, Coastline Intermap and the GIS user community,Esri Community Maps Contributors, OpenStreetMap, Microsoft, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, GeoTechnologies,Inc,METI/NASA,USGS,EPA,US Census Bureau,USDA ArcGIS Web AppBuilder Sources:Esri,USGS I Esri Community Maps Contributors,©OpenStreetMap,Microsoft,Esri,HERE,Garmin,SafeGraph,GeoTechnologies,Inc,METI/NASA,USGS,EPA,US Census Bureau,USDA 9/12/23,11:58 AM Exhibit 7: Flood Hazard Assessment Tool State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources Flood Hazard Assessment Tool �I + Enter address to search O\ Profile Baseli I � d O Q iii � � Water Lines Zone VE (Et I7} _- Zone VE Project Area Flood Hazarc i Zone A 4 PA Zone AE 155166033OF , ZoneAE eff. 9/29/2017 Zone AF Zone AC i I � ® Zone D Zone VE v hill i Zone VE f' Zone X Zone XS Zone X F r _ 104, -------1 + Statewide Par I it--*. — j:: ���� I Parcels _!r +PANEL 155"60229F - 4 eff. 949/2017 NGS Datasheets __.yl � ? /Y Elevation Certificate 'Hama Flood Insurance Stu 600 ft State Regulated Dar Esri Community Maps Contributors,©OpenStreetMap, Microsoft, Esri, HERE, Garmin, Safe... 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O o -0 -0 w w Exhibit 10 William P.Kenoi o���.������ BJ Leithead Todd 4• �� ,� Director Margaret K.Masunaga Deputy qPF OF•NR� PLANNING DEPARTMENT Aupuni Center • 101 Pauahi Street,Suite 3 ® Hilo,Hawaii 96720 Phone(808)961-8288 ® Fax(808)961-8742 March 15,2010 Mr. Walter Koenig 76-6356 Leone Way Kailua- Kona, HI 96740 Dear Mr. Koenig: SUBJECT: Special Management Area Use Permit Assessment Application (SAA 10-000539) Special Management Area Minor Permit No. 10-000144 Applicant(s): Walter Nikolaus Koenig Request: After-the-Fact Construction of a Tractor Shed,Storage Yurt, and Fencing Tax Map Key: (3) 4-5-002:080, Papaanui and Haina,Hamakua, Hawaii This is in response to your Special Management Area Use Permit Assessment Application received on February 10,2010 for the after-the-fact construction of a tractor shed, storage yurt, and fencing on the subject parcel. Also acknowledged is the recent site inspection, on March 2, 2010, by Planning Department staff at the subject property. Please note that although the storage yurt was deleted from the resubmitted application, it is still located on the property and requires approval from this department for the after- the-fact construction in the Special Management Area (SMA). We understand that you. intend to either relocate the yurt to a better suited location within the subject property or to a site off of the property. The yurt, at its current location, was assessed and has been included in this determination. Please consult with this office prior to any demolition, relocation or alterations to the existing yurt. i Hmrai'i County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer Mr. Walter Koenig Page 2 March 15, 2010 The subject property consists of 15.591 acres. It is zoned Agricultural (A-40a) by the County and is designated Agricultural and Conservation by the State Land Use Commission. The Hawaii County General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG)Map designates the parcel as huportant Agricultural Land and Open. According to Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) Chapter 205A-22 and Planning Commission(PC) Rule 9-4(10)A(v), "development" includes Construction, reconstruction, delnolition, or alteration of the size of any structure. Therefore, the construction of the tractor shed, storage yurt and fencing are considered"development" and requires either a Special Management Area Minor Permit or a Special Management Area(Major) Use Permit. For this reason and pursuant to Planning Commission Rule Section 9-10(E), Special Management Area Minor Permit No.10-000144 is hereby issued to allow for the after- the-fact construction of a tractor shed, storage yurt and fencing on the subject parcel. It is the applicant's responsibility to read and comply with the conditions listed in the enclosed pernut. If you have questions, please feel free to contact Bethany Morrison of this department at 961-8138. Sincerely, BJ LEITHEAD TODD Planning Director BJM:cs PAwpwin601CZM1sMM12010%MM 10-1441.Koenig.dac Enclosure- SMM No. 10-000144 Department of Public Works Memorandum dated March 5, 2010 cc w/Encls: Long Range Planning Division Planning Division i Mr. Walter Koenig Page 3 March 15, 2010 cc Itr only: Mr. Abbey S. Mayer, Interim Director Office of Planning, DBEDT State of Hawaii Department of Business,Economic Development&Tourism P.O. Box 2359 Honolulu,HI 96804-2359 Department of Public Works Building Division 101 Pauahi Street Suite 7 Hilo, HI 96720 William P ICemoi ��Y 'p "•�;� BJ Leithead Todd . ep. , �, Mayor Director Margaret K. Masumaga Deputy E pptiP PLANNING G DEPARTMENT Aupuni Center a 101 Pauahi Street,Suite 3 a Hilo,Hawaii 96720 Phone(808)961-8288 a Fax(808)961-8742 Special Management .Area Minor Permit No. 10-00 144 Project: After-the-Fact Construction of a Tractor Shed, Storage Vurt, and Fencing .Applicant: Walter Nikolaus Koenig Location: Papaalnui and Haina,Hamakua,Hawaii TMK: (3) 4-5-002:080 15.591 acres Applicant's Request 1. Project Description: The landowner has constructed a tractor shed, storage yurt, and fencing on the subj ect parcel. The purpose of the yurt and small tractor shed is for agricultural uses with no power or plumbing. The cattle fence was constructed by a local rancher whose cattle range the surrounding area. 2. Purpose of Project: The structures were erected to make agriculture more sustainable on the property after having suffered damage from cows, drought and theft. The intent of the buildings is to assist in a small scale organic agricultural effort within the fenced area. 3. Project Valuation: $12,500 4. Determination: According to Chapter 205A-22, HRS, and Planning Commission Rule No. 9-4(10)(A)(v)relating to the Special Management Area, the construction, reconstruction, or alteration of the size of any structure is defined as"development." Therefore, the proposed tractor shed, storage yurt, and fencing requires a SMA Minor .Permit. State and County Plans 1. State Land Use District: The subject property is designated Agricultural and Conservation by the State Land Use Commission. Hawaii County is an Equal oppantenity Provider and Employer 2. General Plan: The subject property is designated important Agricultural Land and Open by the Hawaii County General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG)Map. 3. County Zoning: The subject property is zoned Agricultural (A-40a)by the County. 4. Special lanageent Area: The majority of the subject property is located in the SMA, and it does have frontage along the coastline. 5. Flood Zone: According to the Department of Public Works, a portion of the subject property(along the coast) is in an area designated as Flood Zone VE. However, according to the application, the subject structures are in an area designated as Zone X. Cognpliancc with Objectives and Policies of Chapter 205A,Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS),Regarding the Special Management Area Check all objectives and policies found to be consistent with proposed development. Issuance of SMA Minor Permit requires that activity be consistent with all objectives & policies. The proposed development is consistent with the following objectives and policies: ® Development will not have any significant adverse environmental or ecological effect, except as such adverse effect is minimized to the extent practicable and clearly outweighed by public health, safety, or compelling public interest. Such adverse effect shall include, but not be limited to,the potential cumulative impact of individual developments, each one of which taken in itself might not have a substantial adverse effect and the elimination of planning options. ❑x The proposed development is consistent with the Hawaii County General Plan and the Zoning Code. IT The proposed development does not conflict with the following objectives of Chapter 205A, HRS,to: 1] Provide coastal recreational opportunities accessible to the public. O Protect, preserve, and where desirable,restore those natural and man-made historic and pre-historic resources in the coastal zone management area that are significant in Hawaiian and American history and culture. 0 Protect,preserve, and where desirable,restore or improve the quality of coastal scenic and open space resources. ® Protect valuable coastal ecosystems from disruption and minimize adverse impacts on all coastal ecosystems. 1E Provide public or private facilities and improvements important to the State's economy in suitable locations. 0 Reduce hazard to life and property from tsunami, storm waves, stream flooding, erosion, subsidence and pollution. 1 El linprove the development review process, communication,and public participation in the management of coastal resources and hazards. ® Stimulate public awareness, education, and participation in coastal management. ` E Protecf beaches for public use and recreation. ® Promote the protection, use, and development of marine and coastal resources to assure their sustainability. ® The proposed development is consistent with the following policies of Chapter 205A, HRS, relating to: ll Recreational Resources Fx-I Historic Resources ® Scenic and Open Space Resources 0 Coastal Ecosystems ® Economic Uses M Coastal Hazards ® Managing Development ❑x Public Participation ® Beach Protection ® Marine Resources ® The proposed development conforms to the requirements of Chapter 343, HRS, regarding Environmental Impact Statements. Findings As discussed above, the proposed development will not have any significant adverse environmental or ecological effect, except as such adverse effect is minimized to the extent practicable and clearly outweighed by public health, safety, or compelling public interest. The subject property has frontage along the coastline,though it is a steep cliff bluff. Also the project area is more than 200' from the shoreline. Therefore,the proposed activity will not affect public access to the shoreline or public use of the shoreline area. The proposed development is consistent with the Hawaii County General Plan and Zoning Code. The proposed development is consistent with the objectives,policies, and SMA guidelines of Chapter 205A, HRS. i The estimated construction cost of$12,500 is not in excess of$125,000. By enclosed memorandum dated March 5, 2010,the Department of Public Works, Engineering Division stated that: "We reviewed the subject application far compliance with Chapter 27, Floodplain Management,forwarded by your memo dated March 1, 2010 and have no objections to the request. A portion of the subject property (along the coast) is in an area designated as Flood Zone VE on the Flood.Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). According to the application, the subject structure is at an estimated elevation of 140 feet and is therefore in an area designated as Zone X- outside the 500 year floodplain. Questions may be referred to Kelly Gomes at ext. 8327." Pursuant to Planning Commission Rule Section 9-10(E), Special Management Area Minor Permit No. 10-000I44 is hereby approved to allow the after-the-fact construction of a tractor shed, storage yurt, and fencing, subject to the applicant's compliance with the conditions of approval as specified below. Condations of Approval The Planning Director has approved SMA Minor Permit No. 10-000144 subject to the Following conditions: 1. The applicant, its successors or assigns shall be responsible for complying with all stated conditions of approval. 2. The applicant shall secure all necessary approvals and pen-nits from other affected federal, state, and county agencies as necessary to comply with all applicable laws and.regulations. 3. No land alteration, grubbing, landscaping or construction activities, including but not limited to, the stockpiling of debris, construction materials or equipment, shall occur within the State Land Use Conservation district without securing a prior approval of a Conservation District Use Application (CDUA)or other written approval as deemed necessary by the Board of Land and Natural Resources. 4. If the yurt remains in its current location,the land owners shall secure approval of a Conservation District Use Application(CDUA) or other written approval as deemed necessary by the Board of Land and Natural Resources. 5. If the yurt is to be relocated outside of the State Land Use Conservation District,please consult this office prior to any demolition, relocation or alterations to the existing yurt. b. The Building Permits) for the tractor shed and yurt shall be issued within two (2) years from the date of approval of this permit. 7. The Shoreline Setback Line shall be established 100 feet mauka (inland)from the top of the sea cliff. No land altering or construction activities shall be permitted within the 100' shoreline setback area without the prior written l Determination of Minor Structure or Minor Activity by the Planning Director or the approval of a Shoreline Setback Variance by the Planning Commission. 8. Lateral public access to and along the shoreline shall not be inhibited within forty feet of the-top of the cliff,or further mauka(inland) as may be necessary for the safety of the public traversing the area. 9. Discovery of any unidentified sites or remains, such as artifacts, shell, bone or charcoal deposits,human burials, rock or coral aligmnents,pavings or walls will require that all work in the immediate area shall cease. The Planning Director shall be immediately notified. Work may proceed with an archaeological clearance from the Planning Director. The archaeological clearance requires a finding that sufficient mitigative measures are taken for the discovery; with written guidance from the State Historic Preservation Division of the Department of Land and Natural Resources. 10. An extension of time for the performance of the conditions contained herein may be granted by the Planning Director upon the following circumstances: a) The non-performance is the result of conditions that could not have been foreseen or are beyond the control of the applicant, successors or assigns, and that are not the result of their fault or negligence; b) Granting of the time extension would not be contrary to the original reasons for the granting of the permit; and c) The time extension granted shall be for a period of not to exceed the period originally granted for performance(i.e., a condition to be performed within one year may be extended up to one additional year). 11. Should any of the conditions not be met or substantially complied with in a timely fashion,the Planning Director shall initiate procedures to revolve the permit. APPROVED: ___3/4 IT° EAD ODD D e E i f : I t E Exhibit 11 geometrician A S S O C I A T E S , L L C integrating geographic science and planning phone: (808) 969-7090 10 Hina Street Hilo Hawaii 96720 rterry@hawaii.rr.com geometricianassociates.com June 22, 2023 Jason Knable Carlsmith Ball LLP 121 Waianuenue Avenue Hilo, HI 96720 Via e-mail:jknable@carlsmith.com Dear Mr. Knable: Subject: Environmental Evaluation of Alternative Fence Designs in Vicinity of Shoreline Setback Area at Winter Property,TNIM: (3) 4-5-002:016 & 080,Haina,Hawaii Island, State of Hawaii This report concerns a plan to construct cattle fencing on two adjacent agriculturally-zoned properties in order to effectively manage cattle production (see attached Figure A for property location). The properties have been grazed for approximately three decades, and there is existing and proposed fencing at various locations on the property. This report concerns fencing in the area within and just outside the shoreline setback area that extends 40 feet mauka from the edge of the pali (sea cliff). As shown in the attached photos in Figure B,the properties consist of rolling slopes perched above a steep, rocky pali roughly 80 to 165 feet above sea level. After more than a century of continuous sugar cane cultivation and grazing,the vegetation within and near the shoreline setback area is almost entirely alien, consisting of wooded pasture with a variety of alien grasses, ironwood trees (Casuarina equisetifolia), and Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius) and turkeyberry (Solanum torvum) shrubs.No streams are present. The shoreline setback area is lightly used by hikers, fishermen and gatherers. Two alternative fence designs are under consideration. In Alternative 1,two fences with unlocked pedestrian gates would extend 40 feet along the boundaries of Parcel 80 that are perpendicular to the shoreline, from the shoreline setback line to the edge of the pali (see Figure C,Alternative 1 Fence Design). Such a fence already exists at the eastern boundary of Parcel 16. Cattle generally avoid the edges of pali and no fencing is necessary on the cliff edge, and this is a common design for similarly situated properties on the coastlines of Hawaii. Alternative 1 thus involves 80 feet of fencing aside from existing or separately proposed cattle fences in other locations of the properties. In Alternative 2, a cross fence situated 40 feet from the edge of the pali would connect the three side boundary fences (see Figure D, Alternative 1 Fence Design). Alternative 2 involves approximately 1,820 feet of fencing aside from existing or separately proposed cattle fences. My analysis of the likely environmental effects of the two designs is based on a May 2023 visit to the property and the knowledge acquired by intensive study and fieldwork within the coastal environment of the Hawaiian Islands as part of preparing environmental assessments and Special Management Area (SMA) assessments over the last three decades. The comparative analysis presented in the table below focuses on the various resources of concern within the SMA. Im acts Resource Alternative 1 (Two 40-foot side Alternative 2 (One 1,820-foot cross- fences only) fence at 40-foot setback Native Flora No effect on existing native flora,as it is No effect on existing native flora,as it is almost almost entirely absent. entirely absent. Invasive Species No effect.Invasive species will continue to Fenced off strip above cliff will require weed be suppressed by cattle grazing. management in order to prevent uncontrolled growth of guinea grass,turkey berry and other invasives. Native Fauna No effect on native birds or the Hawaiian Cross fences near cliffs have potential to injure hoary bat,if fencing does not include top- threatened or endangered seabirds.Highest risk at strand barbed wire,which can entangle bat several locations where ironwoods are not present wings. or dense at cliff edge.As this alternative involves much more fencing,it is critical that no top-strand barbed wire is included so as to minimize bat entanglement. Water Quality And Cattle grazing in makai strip may lead to More total fencing will lead to more disturbance Soils more soil disturbance in this zone.Less total for T-posts. Weed control may disturb soil. fencing will lead to less soil disturbance for Overall effects difference between alternatives is T- osts. likely ne li ible. Natural Hazards No flood zones present.Placement of fencing No flood zones present.Placement of fencing avoids most areas of potential pali collapse. would be adjacent to a 1,820-foot length of potential pali collapse.This may lead to occasional need to relocate fencing for public access safety and/or comply with 40-foot setback. Public Access And Will not interfere with lateral access in area Will not interfere with lateral coastal access. Recreation mauka of cliff as long as gates are provided Unlike current access,cattle would not be present on both side fences.As with current access, in setback area.Without frequent weed cattle would be present in area. management,access may be impaired.Coastal cliff retreat may also shrink or eliminate width of access,requiring refencing for safety purposes if transit zone shrinks sufficiently. Historic Properties Archaeological survey has determined that Archaeological survey has determined that there there are no sites in the 80 linear feet are no sites in the 1,820 linear feet affected. affected. Cultural Practices With gates,no interference with the only No interference with only known cultural practice, known cultural practice,which involves which involves access to fishing and gathering access to fishing and gathering resources. resources.However,intensive weed management and refencing adjustments after any cliff retreat may be necessary to maintain access quality. Scenic Value Negligible impacts to scenic strip near pali Moderate impact due to construction of new due to construction of 2 40-foot long fences. 1,820-foot long fence along scenic strip near pali. Agricultural No loss of grazing land. Approximately 2 acres of lost grazing land on the Production roughly 30 acres of property Materials and Less initial investment of materials and More initial investment of materials and energy for Energy energy for fencing;less investment of fencing;more investment of materials and energy materials and energy for weed maintenance for weed maintenance and fencing adjustments,as and fencing adjustments,as necessary. necessary. Conclusion It is first important to note that neither fencing alternative would likely have "significant'' impacts as this term is used in Chapter 343, Hawaii Revised Statutes, or a"substantial adverse effect''in the context of Rule 9 of the Hawaii County Planning Commission's Rules of Practice and Procedure.No violation of environmental laws or standards would occur, and there would be no major effects to resources. Standard mitigation practices could be employed to help minimize impacts to acceptable levels.Nevertheless,Alternative 1 appears to be substantially less impactful than Alternative 2. The cross-fence would have greater scenic impacts on the setback area and coastline, even if it was technically just outside of it. This would be particularly noticeable for hikers. Weed management would be necessary to maintain access quality. Cross fences near pali edges can pose a hazard to seabirds transiting to and from the mountains and sea at night. These include endangered band-rumped storm petrels (Oceanodroma castro) and Hawaiian petrels (Pterodroma sandwichensis)and threatened Newell's shearwaters (Pufnus auricularis newelli). There are several gaps in the pali tree cover where ironwood trees are absent or sparse and seabirds may transit. Hawaiian hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus semotus)can also be injured or killed by fences. Although this can almost entirely be mitigated by omitting a top strand of barbed wire, it is preferable where possible to minimize the total length of fencing,particularly in environmental transition areas such as the shoreline/forest boundary. Constructing a cross-fence also requires a greater presence of construction activity and built structures within the shoreline zone. In terms of agricultural productivity,there would be two acres of land makai of the cross-fence in which grazing would not be possible, on two properties that total only 30 acres. Finally, if there were any cliff erosion, a cross-fence would cause the area traversed by hikers, fishers and gatherers to shrink. It may even shrink to an unsafe width, causing the need to reroute the fence in that section, and periods of closure during which the fencing is rerouted might be necessary. Although not an environmental concern, it is important to mention that fencing construction and maintenance under Alternative 2 (including potential rerouting to maintain a 40-foot distance after cliff collapses) causes significantly more expenses to ranching operations. There would also be additional expense to the party required to manage the setback area for weeds. If you have any questions,please call me at 808-969-7090 or e-mail me at rterrykhawaii.rr.com. pm� Ron Terry, Principal Geometrician Associates Figure A Location Map tint I � L a. >21 a r3 D Al. _ L � f � 1 '� ��•,' f f r +4 a-e7e °c� k + , fg,9pa A,- p w 70 is rpYMtie $- gyp— f f ILI G.,1.. T�("haft ra�rt _ r _ Winter � awl A- 1.3 0 � •� i Paz cc a 7,5a7 IL I) xq.-t,-7sAw Properties 8� 24 �° 20.r74 A'. n..a}.. 2 aq. 751 f f - � � ,cur,, �• t 79 'a - fZ9C7, 5� {-C, Awe 79aG � Sawe,T7J) CHA fr M16 � �. ,Aw, t 4 d9.298 Ai 77 tiq THIft4 Di41314N •• 2bHF SEL, PLAT 4 5 02 *Note: This Tax Map does not reflect that easement RU-E has since been extinguished. t � - . �- d PEW lO oll i i > 4e - a s. - III r— �Y� 1. Figure i Site Photos i attl e fence on A acent • ••erty to east �Y •� l ,�.,r - �" •�-ems•_._ _ .r+. �. � it � �� ✓'t Side fence with g e (orange li } -r i e ein with'gat s (orange line) ' Yell o lines represent` pro erty boundaries •1 • 1r. � '^41� Cross-fence at 40-foot setback(depicte location is conceptual for illustration only) / s� Yellow lines represent property boundaries ` 1—ag a2023Airb,i 7 � r SEAWARD PROPERTY BOUNDARY FOLLOWS ALONG TOP OF SEA PALI --'-- O C E A N �- TOP OF SEA PALI SHORELINE CONSERVATION I I DISTRICT SETBACK / II Lot 4 / I Lot 5 -- I I / I TMK: (3)4-5-002:80 I I TMK: (3)4-5-002:16 / 1 1 14.574 Acres / 15.590 Acres 1 \ 20' BUILDING 1 1 SMA BOUNDARY 1 / I SETBACK II / L—————-—————— JL-------------- II II \\ Lot 7-B \\ TMK: (3)4-5-002:82 Lot 3 TMK: (3)4-5-002:79 ROAD & UTIL ESMT "RU-G" ROAD & UTIL ESMT "RU-6A" Lot 6 TMK: (3)4-5-002:81 I I Lot 7-A �pP� TMK: (3)4-5-002:24 �PNP��P o = d ~ 11 O Z W J 7 Q � U SLU CLASSIFICATION AGRICULTURE COUNTY ZONING A40a REGULATORY CONSTRAINTS MAP LOTS 4, 5 & 7-B Haina and Panui, Hamakua, Island and County of Hawaii TMK: (3)4-5-002:016, 080 & 082 EXHIBIT 12 o � EAN PALI PAL! Lot 5 Lot 4 TMK: (3)4-5-002:80 TMK: (3)4-5-002:16 CONSERVATION— � 15.590 Acres 14.574 Acres DISTRICT CARETAKER'S-- _� � COTTAGE FARM R GREENHOUSE DWELLING I` SMA BOUNDARY BARN O� GRAVEL-- l� ENTRANCE GATE--,pf—GRAVEL-- '%\` zlh�� DRIVEWAY II WATER TANKyp ------ P --WELL ENTRANCE GATE PAVED DRIVEWAY Lot 7-B i \ TMK: (3)4-5-002:82 t Lot 3 I 1) TMK: (3)4-5-002:79 I ROAD & UTIL ESMT "RU-G"-- I ACCESS TO LOT 4 c� Lot 6 I ROAD & UTIL ESMT "RU-6A., / TMK: (3)4-5-002:81 I ACCESS TO LOT 5 / I !I I1 I Lot 7-A �pPO TMK: (3)4-5-002:24 0 a � � - - � O Z ul SLU CLASSIFICATION AGRICULTURE ' 1 COUNTY ZONING A40a SITE PLAN LOTS 4, 5 & 7-B Haina and Panui, Hamakua, Island and County of Hawaii TMK: (3)4-5-002:016, 080 & 082 EXHIBIT 13 S/ 1 I � � • I • I ■ -O ■ O ■ 1 _ 1 � Q • 1 - N � • '� ■ W Z - H W N Z 2 -O O W ■ _0 ■ C/) O ■ - ■ ,erg.�. W Z Z � H W 1 LL, ■ ■ ■ O C/) Lu ■ W Z V ■ ■ ■ Qnaw z u ■ ■ N QLL.IH . ■ O0'3 Z • O'p♦ r �10# Q wElk r Q� • =fi".t I O U • � � ♦ Q J ♦ DaY :n • u r O Q0 2i C/) ♦ = Z • N Y W tD Z I M <` O W ♦ � J ■ r� J -W ■ N Q C7 0,2i Of .M_. U ■ ���Z • W .r ♦ ■ M O � cm ■� ■ • im c ■O • 0 -0 ■ Q ■ c m 1 N J ■ 0 I Y � ■ -� ' ♦ Q U' ■ • �"�Rfrrs �' it ��:, -��- i✓ e sl. ...7 ` • :I n b 1y t r, fIt Or 4-1 _ram � ' ,�r�- '� �� ^. �r' �.''i ..- -- �• uj M H O TRUE NORTH t I SCA 200' C I. I a I. a •I' I O II ' � I : I co al o I U cv I I m CD a m 0 M I. w I. � I: ` oqDM O 0oo00 Q Q V1 J N W W � N � ❑ 10 m \\ ' w Q l0 Q Q ¢ O ¢ Q Q Q \� \ I Q � 1 f j Q In M co \\� O rL J O GD J O M � Q \ W ❑ QJ w \ co 0 0 w O O ❑ J ` I _w x O Q ❑ U NJ o w o O c O IL > 11 Ej ❑ w Z Z QWO >EL Q O Z W O J W W _~❑ m M � / O N ~ Q � � a 0 ca a w a /.... / U a �, ❑ < r U Q' « O W a y 7 Z / n U > w I H a •�'• C-i g Q U U w / I o o .♦ Z x / I c�i >v �♦ wco a m / o w , ¢ w ¢ h cn ��U'n ♦ M > O I O 1Z* U) J v w w EL/ N O 44* / INVASIVE SPECIES O J WITHIN LOTS 4&5 HAINA, HAMAKLIA, ISLAND OF HAWAII, HAWAII TMK: (3)4-5-002: 16&80 EXHIBIT 16 � o V) a) Q) a p_ w N N N ` N f O :D txo V) (0 4410 E z L U i, H f0 co i w � � U � @ C L H N U a) aj fma V) 0) O U 0) IN _cu CC m N C U r L ++ 0 Q U " @ a) c � .�i nCL w V) L x LU O u c o LU > _ w 'V _ L L CL m X o w U a) Ln '/a\ ra _U W L � /L �' 0 C W L m o) C c a°) m (9 �! tz V L c f0 1+ W L L , i (0 ca w 12 G) to m C C: @ E c o i @ Q cc Ul i 0 3 H O @ % i Ul i) N E }a i 0) to 4' _ *' E LO E .� Y. 01 m C a o .fl = Y. >• O C rLa C Mn O L O =a o p1 f0 J V 41m a) c Q O = O 0) O m r cm COi M a J L �► v w E co 'W i0 , 10 I O'*' , O' I av) ru 3 N •L = = L. 0) i0 d V m rri U 'u. U. a U. a Q � Exhibit 18 Report 1673/1704-110422 FINAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY TMK: (3) 4-5-002:016 AND 4-5-002:080 I , I �wf c � _ r i.L r' HAINA AND PAPMANUI AHUPUNA HAMAKUA DISTRICT, ISLAND OF HAWAI'I HAUN & ASSOCIATES ARCHAEOLOGICAL, CULTURAL,AND HISTORICAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SERVICES 73-4161 KAAO ROAD, KAILUA-KONA HI 96740 PHONE: 808-325-2402 FAX: 808-325-1520 Report 1673/1704-110422 FINAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY TMK: (3) 4-5-002:016 AND 4-5-002:080 HAINA AND PAPMANUI AHUPUNA HAMAKUA DISTRICT ISLAND OF HAWAII Prepared by: Alan E. Haun, Ph.D., Solomon Kailihiwa, M.S., and Dave Henry, B.S. Prepared for: Stephen and Cheryl Winter 555 S. Old Woodward Avenue, Unit 1308 Birmingham, MI 48009 November 2022 HAUN & ASSOCIATES ARCHAEOLOGICAL, CULTURAL,AND HISTORICAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SERVICES 73-4161 KAAO ROAD, KAILUA-KONA HI 96740 PHONE: 808-325-2402 FAX: 808-325-1520 TMK : ( 3 ) 4- 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704- 110422 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY Haun&Associates conducted an archaeological inventory survey(AIS)of the 14.574-acre TMK: (3)4-5-002:016 and the 15.591-acreTMK:(3)4-5-002:080. Parcel016 is situated in Papa'anui Ahupua'a,and Parcel 080 is located in both Haina and Papa'anui Ahupua'a,in the Hamakua District on the Island of Hawai'i.The archaeological inventory survey objective is to satisfy current historic preservation regulatory review inventory requirements of the Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-SHPD), as contained within Hawai'i Administrative Rules,Title 13, DLNR,Subtitle 13,Chapters 276 and 284,State Historic Preservation Rules. The AIS identified four sites with a total of eight features.The sites consist of an historic road(Site 50-10-08-313481), a complex of five terraces interpreted as historic agricultural features (Site 50-10-08-31349), a terrace interpreted as an historic/modern temporary encampment (Site 50-10-08-31350), and a livestock control wall (Site 50-10-08- 31351).The sites possess integrity of location,design,setting,materials,workmanship,feeling,and association.They are assessed as significant under Criterion "d" and have yielded information important for understanding historic habitation, transportation, agriculture and ranching activity in the area.The documentation of Site 31348, 31349, 31350,and 31351 adequately documents them and no further work or preservation is recommended. The AIS also documented evidence of the modern use of the project area.This consists of three clusters of modern features located in the seaward portion of the parcel, consisting of mounds and terraces potentially used as sitting areas, fire pits, fishing pole holders and a concentration of mortared bricks, likely created and used by local fisherman. The landowner plans to install new fencing in both parcels, and to conduct a program of invasive species removal. The program will include the elimination of Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius), turkey berry (Solanum torbum), and spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus), and the trimming of coastal ironwoods (Casuarina equisetifolia) and the removal of dead ironwood trees and branches.The proposed development in the parcel will have no effect on the historic properties due to the aforementioned recommendations. Cover photo:Project area overview(view to north) 1 All sites listed on the State Inventory of Historic Places(SIHP).Site numbers are 5 digit sequential numbers by island :50= State of Hawai'i,10=Island of Hawai'i,08=Honoka'a Quadrangle,31348=Site number HAUN &ASSOCIATES I ii TMK : ( 3 ) 4- 5 -002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704- 110422 Contents MANAGEMENT SUMMARY .........................................................................................................ii INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................... 1 Scopeof Work .......................................................................................................................... 1 Project Area Description........................................................................................................... 1 Methods.................................................................................................................................... 6 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND .......................................................... 8 Historical Documentary Research................................................................................................ 8 PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORK...............................................................................23 PROJECT EXPECTATIONS .................................................................................................. 25 FINDINGS .................................................................................................................................. 26 Site31348............................................................................................................................... 26 Site31349............................................................................................................................... 29 Site31350............................................................................................................................... 35 Site31351 ............................................................................................................................... 40 ModernFeatures..................................................................................................................... 40 CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................ 50 Discussion............................................................................................................................... 50 Significance Assessments...................................................................................................... 50 Treatment Recommendations................................................................................................. 50 TRANSLATION OF HAWAIIAN WORDS'.................................................................................. 51 REFERENCES........................................................................................................................... 51 Figures Figure 1. Portion of USGS 1995 7.5' Honokaa Quadrangle showing project area (obtained from usgs.gov)............... 2 Figure 2.Tax Map Key(3)4-5-002 showing project area parcels(obtained from hawaiicounty.gov)......................... 3 Figure 3. Proposed development within project area..................................................................................................4 Figure 4.June 6,2019 aerial view of project area vicinity(obtained from Google Earth). .......................................... 5 Figure 5. Existing dirt road (view to northwest). ..........................................................................................................5 Figure 6. Project area overview(view to northwest). ..................................................................................................6 Figure 7.Ahupua'a boundaries(adapted from USGS 1995 7.5' USGS Honokaa Quadrangle). .................................... 9 Figure 8. Portion of Lyons and Emerson's 1879 map of the Hamakua Area (obtained from DAGS).......................... 12 Figure 9.Grant 3156 documentation (obtained from (https:Hdigitalcollections.hawaii.gov)................................... 13 Figure 10.Close up of Lyons and Emerson's 1879 map showing"Old Heiau" in Parcel 80(obtained from DAGS). .. 14 Figure 11. Portion of Lydgate's 1889 map of Hamakua, Hawaii (obtained from DAGS)............................................. 15 Figure 12. March 25, 1909 Evening Bulletin article.................................................................................................... 17 Figure 13.Williamson's 1908 map of Northwestern Part of Hamakua, Hawaii (obtained from DAGS)..................... 18 Figure 14. Portion of 1911 U.S.Geologic Survey Honokaa quadrangle showing project area vicinity(obtained from http://magis.manoa.hawaii.edu)................................................................................................................................ 20 HAUN &ASSOCIATES I iii TMK : ( 3 ) 4- 5 - 002 : 016 and ^ Qn Report No . 1673 / 1704 - 110422 Figures (cont.) Figure 15. Portion of September 28, 1954 aerial photograph of project area vicinity(obtained from http://magis.manoa.hawaii.edu)................................................................................................................................ 21 Figure 16. Portion of 1957 USGS Honokaa quadrangle showing project area vicinity(obtained from http://magis.manoa.hawaii.edu)................................................................................................................................ 22 Figure 17. Previous archaeological work in vicinity of project area (adapted from USGS 1995 7.5' USGS Honokaa Quadrangle)................................................................................................................................................................ 24 Figure18. Site location map. ...................................................................................................................................... 27 Figure 19. Site 31348 road (view to west).................................................................................................................. 28 Figure 20. Site 31348 road (view to west).................................................................................................................. 28 Figure 21. Site 31349, Feature A plan map and photograph...................................................................................... 30 Figure 22. Site 31349, Feature B plan map and photograph...................................................................................... 31 Figure 23. Site 31349, Feature C plan map and photograph...................................................................................... 32 Figure 24. Site 31349, Feature D plan map and photograph...................................................................................... 33 Figure 25. Site 31349, Feature E plan map and photograph. ..................................................................................... 34 Figure26. Site 31350 plan map. ................................................................................................................................. 36 Figure 27. Site 31350, upslope retaining wall of waterworn stones(view to west)................................................... 37 Figure 28. Site 31350, soil surface of terrace(view to northwest)............................................................................. 37 Figure 29. Site 31350, concrete mortar with embedded bottles (view to southwest)............................................... 38 Figure 30. Site 31350, downslope retaining wall of angular basalt stones(pier block on right;view to west).......... 38 Figure 31. Site 31350, downslope retaining wall of angular stones(pier block in foreground, mortar block with bottles in background;view to south)........................................................................................................................ 39 Figure 32. ST-1704.1 west wall profile........................................................................................................................ 39 Figure 33. ST-1704.1 post-excavation photograph (view to west).............................................................................40 Figure 34. Site 31351 plan map and photograph........................................................................................................41 Figure 35. Modern 1 plan map and photograph.........................................................................................................43 Figure 36, Modern 2 plan map and photograph.........................................................................................................44 Figure 37. Modern 2,firepit (view to north)...............................................................................................................45 Figure 38. Modern 2,fire pit(view to east)................................................................................................................45 Figure 39. Modern 2,terraces (view to south)...........................................................................................................46 Figure 40. Modern 2, brick concentration (view to northwest). ................................................................................46 Figure 41. Modern 3 plan map and photograph.........................................................................................................47 Figure 42. Modern 3,terrace with fishing pole holder in background (view to east)................................................48 Figure 43. Modern 3, mound (view to northeast)......................................................................................................48 Figure 44. Modern 3, eastern fishing pole holder(view to east)................................................................................49 Figure 45. Modern 3, western fishing pole holder(view to east)...............................................................................49 Tables Table 1. Land Commission Awards in Papa'anui and Haina. ...................................................................................... 10 Table 2. Summary of identified sites. .........................................................................................................................26 HAUN & ASSOCIATES I iv TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 080 Portion Report No . 1673/ 1704- 110422 INTRODUCTION At the request of the landowner, Stephen and Cheryl Winter, Haun & Associates completed an archaeological inventory survey(AIS) of the 14.574-acre TMK: (3)4-5-002:016 located in Papa'anui Ahupua'a and the 15.591-acre TMK: (3) 4-5-002:080 situated in both Haina and Papa'anui Ahupua'a. Both parcels are located in the Hamakua District on the Island of Hawai'i(Figure 1 and Figure 2).The objective of the survey is to satisfy historic preservation regulatory review requirements of the Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-SHPD), as contained within Hawai'i Administrative Rules, Title 13, DLNR, Subtitle 13, State Historic Preservation Rules(2003). The landowner plans to install new fencing in both parcels, and to conduct a program of invasive species removal. The program will include the elimination of Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius), turkey berry (Solanum torbum), and spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus), and the trimming of coastal ironwoods (Casuarina equisetifolia)and the removal of dead ironwood trees and branches.The extent of this activity is presented in Figure 3. The AIS fieldwork was conducted between September 20, 2021 and June 10, 2022 by Haun & Associates Project Supervisors Solomon Kailihiwa, M.S and Juliana Kailihiwa, B.A., and Field Archaeologists Dan Trout, B.A., Leesha Villacorte, B.A., and Nicole Lui, under the direction of Dr.Alan Haun.Approximately 117 labor hours were required to complete the fieldwork. Described in this final report are the project scope of work, field methods, background information,survey findings,and significance assessments of the sites with recommended treatments. Scope of Work Based on DLNR-SHPD rules for inventory surveys the following specific tasks were determined to constitute an appropriate scope of work for the project: 1. Conduct background review and research of existing archaeological and historical documentary literature relating to the project area and its immediate vicinity--including examination of Land Commission Awards,ahupua'a records,historic maps,archival materials, archaeological reports,and other historical sources; 2. Conduct a high intensity, 100%pedestrian survey coverage of the project area; 3. Conduct detailed recording of all potentially significant sites including scale plan drawings, written descriptions,and photographs,as appropriate; 4. Conduct limited subsurface testing(manual excavation)at selected sites to determine feature function; 5. Analyze background research and field data;and 6. Prepare and submit Final Report. Project Area Description The project area consists of two adjacent roughly trapezoidal-shaped parcels located in coastal Haina and Papa'anui Ahupua'a at elevations ranging from approximately 10 to 245 feet. The elevations presented in this report are in feet above mean sea level.The parcels are accessed by an easements along the south side of TMK: (3)4-5-002:016 and along the north side of TMK: (3)4-5-002:080 (see Figure 2).The parcels are bordered on the north by coastal cliffs, and on the east, west and south sides by undeveloped land (Figure 4). A 40-foot wide shoreline setback is located along the seaward portion of the parcels, inland of the coastal cliffs. An existing modern dirt road extends through the southern portion of TMK: (3)4-5-002:016(Figure 5 and see Figure 18 in Findings section). An historic dirt road, designated as Site 31348 in the Findings section, extends through the seaward portion of the subject parcels(see Figure 19 and Figure 20 in Findings section,and on the cover of this HAUN &ASSOCIATES I 1 � 1 1 1 • 1 1 - • • • 1 � 1 � , 1 l 1 rr; \" J 7lf�a y • � / 1 � TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 v F $ a � (4) ' h �O a } rJ i 1 $ ¢ d10lit $ 1 e __ _ __ 111 7� � 0• 'P m 1 ; it M1 4 � ��,1 r a •'\� � � u E pp Il x1 61 „ CIL IN e E I r�, T Py6 pti N, t � qq9q 3 ci 111j-i ! 11` t l�W I� ywd 2 N tJ III y a[ CIL t :3 S I a O Ln rn Pei CIL P r,1 tx. yim ' 1 z x FT [o rrd LL HAUN &ASSOCIATES 3 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - s - 002 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 2 n \ R-— \ § z ; ! Lli � {¢}; _ »' - @ /a / A § ? 71t : ■[ � } \ &a/ ` I z 2 � | ) w ! - �� | \ G \ ` - . / � \ ■ E � SO-A / &8 § %� %c \ ��A lkk ` ka■ § 2� �y §§§ K � § ;!! § t■■ Li B §/ -, \ \_ (03 k 0 ) !Go e � � o ' ,. . .00 § bxa£ D� ir dd ® r \ �} $ , \ � \ \� � § � e \ � 41 \ ; \ ] . .• , & •� ,� Z ! C 0 ~'~ � � ° #*. / U § § ° o E ■§■ � 2 H&UN &ASSOCITES 4 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 Project • Figure 4.June 6,2019 aerial view of project area vicinity(obtained from Google Earth). 714, w _ r ^x� Y M Figure 5.Existing dirt road (view to northwest). HAUN & ASSOCIATES 5 T M K : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 0 0 2 : 0 1 6 and 0 8 0 Report No . 1 6 7 3 / 1 7 0 4 . 1 1 0 4 2 2 report). There is a modern house present in the east-central portion of TMK: (3) 4-5-002:016. A review of Google Earth images shows that the house was constructed sometime between 2005 and 2010. The terrain in the project area slopes gently to steeply to the north and northwest towards the ocean.Vegetation in the parcel consists of ironwood trees (Casuarina equisetifolia), koa (Acacia koa), Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius), banyan (Ficus macrocarpa), castor bean (Ricinus communis), Jamaica vervain (Stachytarpheta jamicensis), spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus), nightshade or horse thistle (Silybum marianume), horse weed (Erigeron canadensis), sleeping grass (Achantherum robustum), New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides), turkey berry (Solanum torbum),fireweed (Chamaenrion angustifolium), and guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus). Overviews of the project area are presented on the cover of this report and in Figure 6. A sloping ridge extends through the western portion of the parcel in a northeast by southwest direction. Figure 6.Project area overview(view to northwest). The soil in this area is Kukaiau silty clay loam with various slopes that range from 6 to 20% (Sato et al. 1973:32-33). This soil series is characterized by a 10" surface layer of very dark grayish brown silty clay loam, over 40" of dark brown silty clay loam,over basalt.The soil has a moderately rapid permeability,slow to medium runoff and a slight to moderate erosion hazard,and is classified primarily as suitable for sugar cane.The underlying lava was deposited during the Pleistocene Era from Hamakua Volcano lava flows (Wolfe and Morris 2001: Sheet 1, page 14). Rainfall in the project area vicinity ranges from approximately 74 inches per year in the lower slopes to more than 93 inches per year just inland of the Mamalahoa Highway. This is based on data collected from the Paauhau Sugar Plant weather station by the University of Hawai'i at Manoa (Giambelluca et al.2013). Methods Archival research was conducted at the Hamilton Library Hawai'i and Pacific Collection at the University of Hawai'i at Manoa,the University of Hawai'i at Hilo Hawaiian Collection,the Land Survey Office and the Archives Division of HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 6 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 the Hawai'i Department of Accounting and General Services, the Bishop Museum Archives, the State Historic Preservation Division library in Hilo,the State Survey Division,and the Hawai'i State Public Libraries in Honolulu and Hilo. The field work portion of the project consisted of a 100% surface examination of the parcel with the surveyors walking transects at 5 to 10-meter intervals. Ground surface visibility throughout the parcel was fair to excellent. The sites identified during the survey were flagged with pink and blue flagging tape and their locations were determined with the aid of a Spectra Precision Mobile Mapper 20 device using the North American Datum (NAD) 1983 datum.The accuracy of the GPS device for a single point is+/- 1 to 2 meters.This accuracy was increased by taking multiple points including property corners and overlying the plotted points on a scaled map using AutoCAD software. Four sites were identified during the survey, consisting of an historic road (Site 31348), a complex of five terraces interpreted as historic agricultural features (Site 31349), a terrace interpreted as an historic/modern temporary encampment (Site 31350), and a livestock control wall (Site 31351).The extent of the Site 31348 road and the Site 31351 wall were determined with the Mobile Mapper device. Detailed plan maps were prepared for the Site 31350 terrace and for of each of the five Site 31349 features using hand tapes and a compass.Standardized site forms were prepared for each site and the sites were photo-documented. A series of modern sites (Modern 1, 2 and 3), likely associated with local fishing activities were also identified in the seaward portion of the project area. Plan maps and photographs of these modern sites were also obtained. A 0.3 meter diameter shovel test(ST-1704.1)was excavated at the Site 31350 terrace.The shovel test was excavated in stratigraphic layers and was terminated on bedrock.The soil removed during excavation was screened through inch mesh hardware cloth. Following the excavation,a section drawing depicting the stratigraphy was prepared and post-excavation photographs were taken. The shovel test was described using standard terminology, referencing USDA Soil Survey descriptions and Munsell Soil and Rock color notations.Texture and inclusion content were also noted. Recovered cultural material was transported to Haun &Associates laboratory for analysis. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 7 TMK : ( 3 ) a - s - nn ? • n16 and nRn Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Historical Documentary Research The project area is situated in Haina and Papa'anui Ahupua'a in the Hamakua District. These adjacent ahupua'a originate along the shoreline between Leinakekua and Mahiki Points and extends inland nearly three miles to approximately 1,700 ft elevation (Figure 7).Originally,ahupua'a in the region were probably centered on the main drainages and the boundaries typically followed readily identified natural features such as ridges and drainages (Cordy 1994).The presence of numerous other small ahupua'a along the coast undoubtedly is a result of fissioning of land units in the lower elevation areas where traditional agriculture and settlement were concentrated. Such fissioning would likely have occurred with the separation of the smaller'ili-level subdivisions of an ahupua'a,which originally were parallel strips of land perpendicular to the shoreline with access to the full range of natural resources. The 'ili was an important late prehistoric-early historic land unit because of its association with the 'ohana as the family land holding unit,an important social element in the traditional Hawaiian land use system. According to Na Puke Wehewehe(Wehewehe.org), Haina translates as cruel, unmerciful or hard-hearted,or to act unkindly,to be ungrateful, or to be unmindful of others. No traditional Hawaiian reference to Papa'anui Ahupua'a was found. King Kalakaua (1972)described the region as follows: In the time of Uloa [c. 1400s], and later, this plateau was thickly populated, and requiring no irrigation, was cultivated from the sea to the line of frost. A few kalo patches are still seen, and bananas grow,as of old, in secluded spots and along the banks of the ravines; but the broad acres are green with cane, and the whistle of the sugar cane-mill is heard above the roar of the surf...(Kalakaua 1972:284) One of the first western descriptions of the windward coast of Hawaii Island comes from the naturalist Menzies, who was a member of Vancouver's expedition in 1793. The land we passed in the forenoon rose in a steep bank from the water side and from thence the country stretched back with an easy acclivity for about four or five miles, and was laid out into little fields, apparently well cultivated and interspersed with habitations of the natives. Beyond this the country became steeply rugged and woody, forming the mountains of great elevation. (Menzies 1920:51-52) The Reverend William Ellis sailed up the coast between Hilo and Hawi in 1823 and provides the following description: The country by which we sailed, was fertile, beautiful, and apparently populous. The numerous plantations on the eminences and sides of the steep ravines or valleys,by which it was intersected, with the stream meandering through them into the sea, presented altogether a most agreeable prospect(Ellis 1963:244). This part of the island, from the district of Waiakea to the northern point, appears to have remained many years undisturbed by volcanic eruptions.The habitations of the natives generally appear in clusters at the openings of the valleys, or scattered over the face of the high land.The soil is fertile,and herbage abundant(ibid. 1963:251). Cordy(1994)used missionary records,Boundary Commission(BC)records,Land Commission Award(LCA)testimony, early historic accounts,and other sources to develop a model for early historic settlement patterns in the windward, East Hamakua region.The model consists of four zones:the seashore,seaward upland slopes,'Ohi'a-Koa forest,and gulches. The shoreline, which primarily consists of a narrow marine bench, was almost solely used for marine exploitation.Ahupua'a boundary markers,consisting of stone cairns,were present on the shore. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 8 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 0 9000 feet Leinakekua Point Honoka'a Landing f 1 0 3000 meters 3 roject area N � r ► ) 1az81 1 ! r 7 3 rr, r r t 7 27 f S Q 0411 7 7s01 Mahiki Point Contour interval=200 feet q 2110791 r Q J Ahupua'a boundary lam, A 7801=Land commission award Z �33 WAIKAALULU 2 a 831 z 823 441 200 7951 Mamalahoa Q4 z Hig way i Q 4 400 s � 4 O 00 / A O 'T Q- � 2000 0 N I E N I E I J Q z � 5200 Q _ 1401) ! V �i600 v I � Q�r PAAUHAU 2200 i 240D 2600 I r 2800 f O .� �1,30W +� f 36M 320Q Figure 7.Ahupua'a boundaries(adapted from USGS 1995 7.5'USGS Honokaa Quadrangle). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 9 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 According to Cordy(1994),the seaward upland slopes were the primary focus of habitation and agriculture.There were numerous houses and fields clustered along the Alanui Aupuni, or Government Road,that was the main trail paralleling the coast between 0.3 and 1.3 miles inland and generally following the route of today's Hawaii Belt Road. Houses and fields were also found seaward of the trail above the high sea cliffs.The residential structures were large, housing 3-4 families. Agriculture consisted of dryland fields predominantly planted in taro. Bananas and sweet potatoes were also cultivated. Hedges of sugar cane frequently surrounded cultivated plots. Livestock consisted of pigs,dogs,and chickens.Ahupua'a boundaries were marked by low stone walls and cairns.At least ten heiau were present along the coast between Kukuihaele and Koholalele, although none were reported in Haina or Papa'anui, and a holua slide was reportedly situated at Keahua. The 'Ohi'a-Koa forest zone was connected to the lower elevation habitation areas by trails.The zone was a source for bark for fish nets, bird feathers,and logs for canoes.Scattered plots of bananas and taro probably were present near the seaward edge of the forest. Stone cairns marking ahupua'a boundaries were present in gulches. In the 1840s, political acts of the Hawaiian Kingdom government would change the land tenure system in Hawai'i. All lands were segregated into one of three categories: "Crown Lands" owned by the occupant of the throne, "Government Lands"controlled by the state,and "Konohiki Lands"controlled by the chiefs; and "were all subject to the rights of native tenants" (Chinen 1958:29, Beamer 2014:143). In 1846, King Kamehameha III appointed a Board of Commissioners commonly known as the Land Commissioners, to "confirm or reject all claims to land arising previously to the 101h day of December, AD 1845." Notices were frequently posted in The Polynesian (Moffat and Kirkpatrick 1995); however,the legislature did not acknowledge this act until June 7, 1848 (Chinen 1958:16; Moffat and Kirkpatrick 1995:48-49) and the act is known today as The Great Whele. In 1850, the Kingdom government passed laws allowing foreigners to purchase fee simple lands(Speakman 2001:91).The Kuleana Act of 1850 allowed for fee simple land ownership by commoners. The Waihona'Aina database(2000);which is a compilation of data from the Indices of Awards(Indices 1929),Native Register (NR n.d.), Native Testimony (NT n.d.), and Foreign Testimony (FT n.d.); lists five claims in Papa'anui and seven in Haina (Table 1).Of the 12 claims, 11 were awarded and their locations are shown on Figure 7. Table 1.Land Commission Awards in Papa'anui and Haina. Land Commission Claimant Ili Awarded Acres Royal Notes Award patent Haina Ahupua`a 7823 Ka hoopa hee,wa hi ne Kaluahawaii Yes 10.75 5405 3 ma I a of sweet potatoes,2 of ta ro,1 of wa uke 7831 Kekoa Pahoa Yes 9.4 7024 1 mala ofwauke 7833 Kaiwinaaupo Kaaloakumu Yes 6.66 6652 4 mala and I kula 7834 Kailieleele n/a Yes 7.8 7415 1 wauke kihapai,taro kihapai,2 houses 7851 Kawi Heeka Yes 11.1 n/a I apana,2 houses 10411 Naihepahee Pahoa Yes 10.6 6766 6 mala and I mala of coffee,2 houses 10791 Pau Haleolono Yes 6.01 7416 9 kihapai, I mala of coffee, I bamboo clump. Papaanui Ahupua'a 7801 Kaanaana Kalihi Yes 10.0 5101 1 apana,a grove on the south 7802 Kaheana Hianaulua Yes 8.2 n/a 2 apana,2 houses,coconut grove 7827 Kaelepulu Kalihi Yes 12.9 6790 5 mala, I orange tree, I kula and 4 kihapai. F082 26 Kalua n/a No n/a n/a 8 mala,4 coconut trees& I orange tree 281 Manuia Panipohku,Paalaea Yes 1 14.14 1 7028 1 1 apana,2 orangetrees The awarded parcels range in area from 6.01 to 14.14-acres. The testimonies refer to nine 'ili land divisions for Papa'anui and Haina consisting of Haleolono, Heeka, Hianaulua, Kaaloakumu, Kalihi, Kaluahawaii, Paalaea, Pahoa, and Panipohku.Of these nine'ili,seven are mentioned only once,with Pahoa and Kalihi cited twice.All of the claims HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 10 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 are located seaward of the upper Government Road(Highway 240)at approximately 1,100 feet elevation,with most (n=8) located below 680 feet.The eastern portion of the present project area is located within LCA 10281 awarded to Manuia,which according to testimony included one 'apana and two orange trees. No mention of a house or other structure is mentioned. Figure 8 is a portion of an 1879 government survey map of the Hamakua area by Lyons and Emerson obtained from the Archives Division of the Hawai'i Department of Accounting and General Services (DAGS; http://ags.hawaii.gov/survey/map-searchLThis map shows the previously discussed Land Commission Awards within the project area ahupua'a, as well as several land grants. Two parcels in Haina Ahupua'a were obtained by W.H. Rickard as Grant 3156 in 1873.These parcels total 65.8-acres.The seaward-most parcel includes a portion of the current project area. According to documentation obtained from the Hawaii State Digital Archives (https://digitalcollections.hawaii.gov); Rickard purchased the parcels for$2 per acre(Figure 9). Additional grants in the area consist of Grant 946 to Kiwi,Grant 1073 to George Hardy in Grant 1155 to G.M.Coffin. The latter two are located on the inland side of the Government Road.Two stores are present on either side of the road, with one labeled "W. Dart Store". A school house and "Moses Chinese Store are located to the west in the nearby ahupua'a of Nienie. Figure 10 is a close up section of the Figure 8 map depicting the project area. This map shows a structure labeled "Old Heiau" in TMK: (3) 4-5-002:080, on the boundary between Haina and Papa'anui (see Figure 18 in Findings section). The reported area of this heiau was carefully examined during the present project and no evidence of a structure is present. The historic use of the project area vicinity was dominated by sugar cane plantation agriculture beginning in the late 1870s and continuing in some areas until the 1990s. Plantation worker camps were scattered over the countryside connected by roads to the plantation villages at the sugar mills at Pa'auhau, Honokaa and Pa'auilo.The sugar mill at Pa'auhau is located approximately 1.5 miles east-southeast of the project area in the seaward portion of the ahupua'a connected to the Government Road by an inland-seaward oriented road. The location of the mill is presented on an 1889 map by J. M. Lydgate(Figure 11)also obtained from DAGS.This map shows Honokaa Landing located to the west of the project area,with Honokaa Village located on the inland side of the Old Government Road. The following summary of the Pa'auhau Plantation is from the Hawaii Sugar Planters' Association Plantation Archives: The Pa'auhau Plantation Company was started in 1878 by Samuel Parker, R.A. Lyman,W.G. Irwin and Claus Spreckels.The first cane was ground by a 3-roller mill on July 13, 1880.W.F. Irwin&Co. were the agents at that time. Paauhau Plantation Company incorporated on February 28, 1899 and became Paauhau Sugar Plantation Company. In 1910,C. Brewer&Co. became the agents. Paauhau had an innovative system for transporting cane, which was the first of its kind in the Islands. The smooth fields Paauhau made possible the practical operation of a gravity railroad system. Cane was collected on wagons and lifted by derrick to the tramcars. Double tracks extended for a mile down the slope.The loaded car traveled by gravity to the mill on one track and cable connections drew the empty cars back to the fields on the other track. The plantation eventually had five of these tramways in operation,each having the capacity of delivering 300 tons of cane in ten hours.From the lower levels on the plantation,the cane cars were hauled to the mill by locomotive.The plantation had two locomotives,250 cane cars and approximately fifteen miles of track. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 11 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 /330 �fr; Gr.3/73 1Pr � � r ant x p:�r _:�. �• r �k¢�a�rr>,o»� \,�� $.A�,we P `a ol�t a LCA 9l�3r/ 7,cr,s - t: ` rnsarrrr. ~ X0J/ .y MaA: _ ak'mnkx LGA 7 30A Xrrr3,r. ltCA % r r 4 F14 L 1041 S 4lu '4'r...7J6X 11�GA 7f01 10791 >,� X 7 F'�j/ ic.A.rrnr Li• s•�r� III t 7#.A S - AuZna O - Xu'h ��..� lOArrrr { I •� 7,,CA.-7F�0 v d_ :..f. LLA.799$., ":ISCA 78'ib _ �{n v?Snt. •Y v jy} .782.2, X rwg X h xk,i, '{�$$yrr�Petr • '1•. �Y 79 A¢� / 411 y Ar' r t• f'L.CA 78'32 .. a � / ��'LCA.7832.8 LGA 7831 Q s n er�ir'Y`Cn. L.CA is31. j- � SS Ac— + - Part of r 9" LGA 70n - G,,.F774. CA Y879 School he 7,2'.Acvra. - �Xarra•k LCA.7151 - 9 5 Xaw - 7.c:A,ri2F a Nasaa Wlirwaa ' 1,9m; 8A ° ' I 4arnrnman4 Raa0 xar,a W.oa,t Stor. da.,e rs �::• \C \U° 1 r r f Gt 119S Or 1073 - - � �• ia7d + Figure S.Portion of Lyons and Emerson's 1879 map of the Hamakua Area(obtained from DAGS). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 12 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 -002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 .P W. Yu ' GLA6S IITT. l,EPr• YEAR 1874MOH7H I cn losing an order for $'90 to nerf ect the purchase' of the tract of land in Haina 1 in Hamakua, Hawaii - As there are 1 $pieces of land, he desires that a deed be made out for . the -largest tract containing 43 acres and ask that the same be made in hie fatherfs name. Also states that the- pur- er tract will be perfected' shortly 8c Chase of the, small . 1111C 1'l. H. Re_ to I. cLASS THT TE-RT-Hk,1,1— — YeAR 1A75 MONTH Ann W iln letter from Lin. of Interior to G. W. D. Hnlemanu, in j regard to the above person's Taxes. Informing him brat :said person his bought2 pieces of land in iLaina 1 piece con jtains 45.38 scree, the other containe .20.42 acres a total i area of 65.80 acres at ;V - an acre rrakina a total value { of '133.60 do $5.- for Royal Patent maki.no a grand total, of 138.60. That said person paid O?qo.- & upon pRyment of the balance a Royal Patent will be issued. He is in po seeseion of the lands tc therefore is liable to tile taxes thereon. Figure 9.Grant 3156 documentation(obtained from(https://digitalcollections.hawaii.gov). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 13 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 HeL P ojec# area' UL ires�� jJ J;.CA h. l , �y .rA _ MQII GL'L C• f{P/(plr, Ilrfl�fld 4 ' A /7 s J�AE'IP 74 !�O.A2: ,ea: Xaa p c+cr; .� l Acres. / 4 Z.CA. 10791 , q W. Ot �. L f —_ , narvriraurA, 7833 4CA, T8.2.2. J{ iavi • f1�.A�z A /,3 c7•es. Figure 10.Close up of Lyons and Emerson's 1879 map showing"Old Heiau"in Parcel 80(obtained from DAGS). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 14 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 a nm k� ate �''teyr e �r i e 3 a � n 4 S y Z �!7 6 C3 Hyo'ti n�k 4" Z $ Kf 0 IL O o � 41 T C L g r -V e L a �: CL N ! 0 R g' � 4 j, 00 00 00 ° 0 c s i a N 1's LL HAUN &ASSOCIATES 15 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 In 1903, a new nine-roller mill was installed and by 1914 another three-roller mill was added, making Paauhau a modern twelve-roller mill. The finished sugar product was loaded on to steamers by means of a wire rope landing system,which was constructed in 1908.It had a capacity of handling 1,500 bags of sugar per hour. All freight received at the plantation was brought up from the steamers to the landing by the same system. Because of Paauhau's location, irrigation was a primary concern. In 1910, a contract was signed with Hawaiian Irrigation Company to deliver 20,000,000 gallons of water daily. By 1911, two reservoirs were constructed to help conserve water. Paauhau was one of the first fully irrigated plantations. Hawaiian and Chinese laborers planted and harvested the first sugar cane crops at Paauhau. Later on Japanese, Portuguese, Puerto Ricans, Koreans, Filipinos,and Europeans were employed as day laborers and contract workers. The plantation had about 200 houses for the fee use of its employees. Since the mill was situated on the bluff near the ocean, the manager's and other salaried employees' residences were located nearby. Farther back from the ocean were the laborers quarters, a company store, post office, school, and other buildings. A dense forest of ironwood trees surrounded the village giving protection from the wind (Hawaii Sugar Planters' Association Plantation Archives 1989:1). Figure 12 is a March 25, 1909 article from the Evening Bulletin, Industrial Edition that describes the operation of the Pa'auhau Sugar Plantation. At the time the article was written, the plantation controlled 5,200 acres of land that were planted in sugar cane and was managed by Mr.James Gibb.The article also indicates that the plantation utilized a unique method of plowing the fields: The soil is plowed by placing a Fowler steam engine at each end of the field, the engines being 1200 feet apart and connected to the plows by an endless wire cable. This cable is wound on a drum under the engine and draws the plows to and fro across the field. In making one trip of 1200 feet,the plows turn over four furrows and break ground 1200 feet in length and from four to five feet in width.With this system an area of twelve acres can be plowed to a depth of from fourteen to sixteen inches in a day of ten hours.Two sets of Fowler steam tackles are in use. According to the Hawaii Sugar Planters Association archives,the Hamakua Ditch Company, Ltd.,was incorporated in 1904 and subsequently changed its name to the Hawaii Irrigation Company,Ltd(Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association Archives: 2012). The purpose of the company was to provide water to the sugar plantations along the Hamakua Coast, the Pacific Sugar Company, the Honokaa Sugar Company and the Pa'auhau Plantation. To accomplish this, two major ditches were proposed for the region,the Lower Hamakua Ditch and the Upper Hamakua Ditch. The Lower Hamakua Ditch extends through the coastal portion of Haina and Papa'anui, inland of the project area.The Upper Ditch extends through the inland portion of area at approximately 2,300 ft elevation. Figure 13 is a 1908 map by A.J.Williamson, also obtained from DAGS,that shows the extent of the Upper and Lower Hamakua ditches.The map also shows the location of the Honokaa and Pa'auhau mills and landings,and the previously discussed Land Commission Awards in Haina and Papa'anui .The construction of the irrigation ditches is described by Thrum as follows: The construction work on the Upper Ditch appears to have commenced in April 1906.The Ditch was completed in January of 1907 and was initially able to deliver 15 MGD [million gallons per day]. Four reservoirs were completed by the end of 1910.The original contract of January 24, 1906 HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 16 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 :ill rYF.N]NIl BULLETIN ["119TRiA1. 01T1OH: HONOLULU. 1', M, I", PAAUtiAU SUGAR PLANTATION COMPANY nnuipnlullr.e tu,nv5 uuu•1-In•ry hire Vmv,m In he opts it'll' pinnu I1 Ise Hulli wall don .!pair"t lHcl hop l",r.'Ie. In.tnllr,ti bin. Wool wuppllww UhtwtIy at ant.Ide of IIs• smYn cc.Nmr ItV-In Puritans and Maelkun. u T� ".'al am the nuchinr .htvpm, whcm till m shipping the suflmp. Where Rig Problems In Handling Cane Have •1 ll tic" I'nlr wnrY In dnnn Ad N,lniuu the Irtnrhlnn FYu lu Ill•. nIV11 Ito• noun% is rnitrry'+11 by v mhmui IN the 13APahl tiro-r"I 191anlrle light uravlt5 gtatmo.ay of the halting is whabl di,- ��YINrCt)1T1C. I"p Plant+will,re Iw,w••r IN wto-ralod by nit Inure nnny, wlu•ir^to Nolen eltagdnt.07410111 a+uelu.wUr enpinp No %utility the mill mini fir -ovine nod .101, 10% (might of all N'nn.inda with H.mvlr IlRhtm. The milli hmr ININA Inns Iht fi l-Nm•rs kill Im'"mrmfiod. IIH Vnrl,,.rt} of Hte 1'mmnhnu uuaer nppmslntatrlynrr,•..Ihr ]sign% unl till, a r*Itndly rnr larnivin out IN' taro of row A oew Inndlha lute Ill ill tint 1n eopaiile id 1.•In; hilfdt sun.. ,iumar kit Iwenfy.r ur Nature.mid the a,..-.• (wallah* Ilan howl,ur nunir air hills. Twin Ill.1114111:1 l•r rat,Inaay to nitumal l till} Willa.}nwrl If," Ili Abinrl on Ie,r r•111 of Ill% Imtgr ernll.,m art-In am,%rill.wing the bobs. nolle. from k➢Het and aamprimea a Th.Water Prohle.n, ..crown In the ca nn. The rnmldne flew. 17n• from Ill,- norm Into III, Wall.. ,t 1o141 lama ar I nemm.nil vl which In Plan, it. far llnuuhum ibariul wlwo,- die•rnln low or Dane trash is ronvoy."t ny all 1'n,1- w'ller:ddNle.• In rmlla"'.d Willi Ito. infAIIIN Id 1.,Call.lit Hyr Ynl low Culotbiluht vprlrly' foil mr.•rnw+r�n Fran fifty 1n.lily 1pphon an I—.carrier I.. Ike hllmae. ].albs, whim 11 w114 it rnl,Uvlry of 1N,faU1(vine or oMpur. nod on eh. IYlghlnndw amwn 301eilmvl Till bumf]%,roil qu_ltan el wnirr la an Inlpinrr I„drnllimd ut"y'n aummmtle tr*nh rewiern am! Js13+'a i➢IAb lMam horn manpwer of 1la- oaur m I. AL1114 u ••hnlf tho 02111,IN 1d01111 Ines all gem.e. the f:ralnln Im'llilln•11• rk•liehd, nuvey'eil dlr,at it- the rnrnaren, when' tt Inallhan Sailor 1,Ialunl.ral Carillmlay .Iltr. o1N•-hail rlaliwm, .at npnn mama I.nhanni. lirv.rul rclwrr,aI_ WIN ul•m 1l01e4Wdrr gral. barn, Witter ki Rretl 1, Ilml.plot has la•.'u*%lively Idanll• Th., lull 1. Ilinwrrl by ti4uciat, a 114,wt.'s mre malonalro-A wbirh an, filh-4 from fur fhe mill fur.tetwn, and nlher purlmw•v he'll with our aupnr Indu.ir) rnr fa4dsy plealn utloolmo ill Hell onrT all a Held,the 1-11 mar-atom that M-aialu a apply•illy,d,lritat U 11.nhtala,.1 tram w,vern eIxl.uo. Thai ran. yearn. Rln,'. oo�itig limb li.,+ alma amd nlnnecleel - don.m. valoor ]rill. Ill.• baps.%.sleet 1.tom IN)II"wlnu am lh..mpluye.: In ill.,plane by an emliaap wlmw liable. Thi. v.yrA auvadde of Ihr pill ru a meWea.1 coal Wool liV.•narr.Will drdhlrr:Qhler ill ruble I.wrwu$on a Omni under Ihr eati9n'• Ins flrawm null r.•I"purd*spin to Its"mill Ill Hisalnerr,Thire,Murray; Ik.lStkar•t.'t',NOUN, and rhmt..Ism once. to trill I.,mrro.o Now n,•"Iril-W W. llmrk ir[ A.nlrlmtu Ih.lkkeelwr. falul. Weld Is ruukhlNo one 11p of 110a ft+l•I lln• At the nd11 two arudrml of munlu are mina. Wila+n:Tmtokw•Ia'r lynx final• Sugar 1140 plow% lm a over four nlrrirwo m1.1 break ki'lun••1,ka„wn A.IN.,A and fl anal.-. Th. or, il. Lailubm. t'lu•n do-, K fierily: blur. Ronald ly.0 find III 101at11 and %rum Aral Milani "%nil la a pnlwrlml. affair, when*Its M""i re. 5591E 1�•Imnt: slrntn Flaw Hit n•nve Ivet In width_ Wirth thl.nywMu,cm prldillon 1.1 rnrkdllit Ill. .ammr, Ihefv de. a Noun•••-c d, Hems°•° e'm,'l.,uwr, :Ire- Orrll.r: en•m "r larva nvn,, can Ia, phrw.d In .. 1.,Kr.htemic.•ralm,rhy'. phypi.lun. Ito. llusrTl d,"'11 of Inlm ki irlelm 11.otmw.'u Irldir,In liver the ouaar craft,irrph nmu.mild alas Tit.umlr.r.no Inn romlwt+y vice: s day of h,11 hourp. Tw.t -I. ur 11u%Lur Nor hupRa.. n.w 111911 roan+• isruclure line W.il,Irwin.Irr,mld,u- drwa 1prklrR Ur.In Uwe. v Ilown arerh.l 6ax1a1 fr+f to mptaclr the old Albert Sir,rr.VI prooib oil The Inwaot ithil.ude Ihat came 10 p111114 I ht.rilrnln.. U"n"l ah•y.•r.Tn,naur•r, ail lbr Pourullsu Intl•In la.0 1.•,4.whale 111r A now iton mirk In„ 11, tv, Thrrinp., Srmr.lary. gr,nlapl cdovull.ta 1. last" h•r•I. From ON. fret hirb vow ,.,-, 3-inch In dlan.Ier hnn 1t.(l. }illy,Amllfo. r(o n ar.iliml font the itevan ,nwminry nt till I„�,.a•ay°rn u,d Marltilu A.,,°. ror• W 11.Irwin A r•„ p.nl.,rty the road rl.ew In a i.knillia elal.+ - hi, It Hll tuned Ilan, "011 milli lf'so- u b1ur. 7'a V ■ 'V INIJON SUGAR ,11, 1, hllna, Tile first rant• plauleil ern th'. Pmaulteu iaudm wm at".rel Iwenl%•septa yvarr nto, +vhru ill. 1•whalnr variety a'as ganwl, .•gr '. UVy. PLANTATION COMPANY Interacting'Calif TfaUapafwcttan, Taitr renh.11 ..f t+nnalrrni nN tar.• vlJ",n.vl %'vial.•%Went rnr,11104 to tit.still 1.dt"d.Will} hdrn•"nma. Thv cane ire loarlr,l 1dr file II.idP do"^I lu Mlle MI.a.h..wl.loh hnvr.A pAVprlly Hit prulowelat tlulrhdm.nn R"x#r PINS' havi,N-ok!-onntrn,l.d,soon„oif tltrrn rlli ail in',Ia Iwxi and.mi'llail It,thrrr lain",and T Nation 1. Mllllal.t In tar dlmt Hrt 111 Ulsr.apart.Is Is,dra%h Ilar,ll wilt°]I Il,.�vhsl wmveyv,l Nor Ill,, grarlty Iramwa.rp. which Knu alnnl t11e bcwto"i mill..of Ihr IRO for flumlhN tmrlmir.. ad.rm"rl th., tdutitbsdolt at .ulf Aube Iwdnlp. and of Hnteall. Thv lrntl.•rty aalabdo of Might adt.n of irmrkwwe rmnh•r t.Nrudnh,t when. Iw'rtuatmally enurbllshrd hW,lflln eon- ht'arly pnuua Nrrem. #710,Ill which 1w grx"1 Hnnnuiul sod HIIIm, iwu Ilnitiwlu k%'ono lien- ar durrl'lko an• equit•1"nt with ay'l1 %tine load. the Iulauer• bolus dr.wnl.d to liven null fr.ri5 rani atilt wtigmr rare wing Ildgllt (alyd•lllta el'a11+. oWrakil by Ir11GN•.. P..re.l and prwrnm. Tdn•er r..l.IsMilan,l• Ito 111"till.rollrall. The.empty tan rmuEna up Uri. Yur11nM 1nnu JAafSg 61rs tend from 1l'nlahlnU thmnah Namlrhn and Thai, handmA .xea mod17f. h.re.w nlI 1 wry ar. ■I uplld dlm•rtly uu h'r the crap, Manager Pamulino swgir Pfaitatl4n Ilunllatn Ia lifirs. ni-W-N arc Maud alw,in..ory +It.•a. Ihv plmlx•• and by idle mnvvusu.t the I ndre lewd Id 7%. 1r.1 rah. wa. IdwhH,d ulwkl ills- Aeven l o tar l lolhotr.er.• muldoy,A no ranv 1. nrraayad fobs far• w'rM.,n .wad du• I;e„N■enu' 1nnlU many yearn ran UY kart Flutehlmm-il tar I+1sal, ilnn. rluemMnd nM rr,llawm: Ila I..mll'A 11.Ih,-err, Tr•nlua firm tour!.'up nail lately N,am1m. The I,inn1■uuu rrlltAfir* Ifs.; at Wadnbdnll, whore wan mirror .nKiod tit,• o lamp rut, Pe.rillRn„en 90, l'nrin Hanna wit a•ut down , the hlltmn ,rI n.,• loran.a° Islay nnnu, of wnirr.Iplly Prole +ter II'.. Oral mill bar activating Ike Cane. Th.-roller" chin.-M..17,Harrah 71.,h4"11wml• 4"a.upon an a hewn] wI'll Ihr Villlu neu-k .iu•rr• Ih'ly ill thaw mall w•rl'n only 8m51 Inrhve. d-dIm aunt.•1, Auairtennm Ill. rru pYrkeml rip Iq'.Ilnr nuolAt,•name Iubl rum• r"ukna liH„h C••_ nbd by n,enn. at Iola"• Kurt w..nna no till.ugly pl.nle m, Th. hnmeminn I pin. 1rn. in"f" trawl In t",p Ill the mall. urn .Irmo Ibo dry' mrwwux, Ito• lotouNe Thai 0 Illaduu 1.xutgrll.^rl wail-*slur.flf W ram, nmwn "Ila. II.,m ir.igmlcd Iwrd. l u++U 11111a'w uT mllulwl mud ttnl.vll, Treat fif It. Illinois dnul.h.1, A Paull p.rilun of Ill - and Via rwro, Inallna a vttjwrlly of lhr,"' Rml.r "*tittle 11H") 14f flnullllX Cnn,! le Iunm of clOW earb. Twit el.tlu..lurnlml,11w rnr nravlty Irtimxaye, I.nNtvr lnrwer, Tin,Lmin sly of aty on.of Mali and hlaobfoery, Ihr. 0Vr arnl'hy IruNlwllya lit anal tan. In a 1" Ill.- olwr"tloa ill kilo "till the la*dv.l .fay ill till Ili gash%. It APlrnafm III Ite a wary can rem rod aitaill la lhv eadb•Ma Cwrhar effr,i K.- pled."i or lawpluk Ibo odd mull unto the ramp dlrtchNrmnd Ihvn"m direct. Tit,- Idt.,l. T1,e ev .r". pe yield nr wad w.ln.ar li soli.•1..mrn+al 1.a Nutlunal ithr.Wder,rail thhl• to haste inam lit maser lit the urn•, or hem Hurnev to Ihrvl, lllrr.-hiller Inllt.mild ,•fain ton. .f vaav ill it hail lit %agar. al� .ubtr•nIW 1I,all un'rwa.•Ilvdn.,IIW In•neun• v th.antlr IN h".al, it-,]fit,-tune of."a.. h, n1 91e am."lolls each mall - - tile"mull'arwi. Tile u.w 11114 wall.record In 10113 by 110f Crwparatl"labor. Hunulalu Iran Wurke. Tit.- u,tol lueIk-ru e I.Alaat ull Ihr 1.10110111101 1.partial I'll Inpll uppllm,.rn•P welt he 411,(n0111,1I"N.%even char by t.hr lliq and pruflo-phuring.}•L,,m. Coo Id,rp. .r,viit mmGpmmartl, trills, cNowl, pve i Curia rru umde whh e,,rhrin twrih'al rut e.ill rtfna++I.of 1h,, WOUINk lrpc•,mml.ix 111 � a� d nil a. 411111VIIIII1g fel'111Mn11fa, etc., for Inn• II 1 A"rilt 1 MI6'lll,sal.'.I.tan,Ills,•.•boll. r e ,,::]eh Illy na,Ir a cLAlu wtm Imrr to" Ito nil ole vlatlrr•n tail vuciun pr.trs.1'an• 1 I�tti of not t aalucrd nix n Yhu laud.antler❑ofir wir In x and nitwir nurhwnl.nl NI'IrlYnn+�'°. ,it arµr, 9rm ace-,. pre divided Into ll m­ Tit. I•allrn machinery In "lit about Ill. w .tool lrarin..I8u Norco"nrli, Till,lalnsnra edit 1.ulwr"icd ter owmia lr,wrr, ell it,r,"• � V11n hnn,lakmi Novel"up work Tor Inn plmm IT411.ter^I.g dtdVon by a new$11k61 Handliun- Ieltllfi, hat load Rai Muir cane In nlf hullo. Curllwm ru.tllw. Vie eleven rruirlhatulp nit• Fluning sugar Cline into 1,arvapv Mira,Kau,District of Hoiwa,r, wild t,•agile about JIDI 1.'r Inn firm 11. e,laauna by in Ind.la•sdasl enutne. Th. 1^air e-liHag,plswnla,none runlyalton,unit 1 owrr Ire uie-rala the en1f1U.•s to d+^rvlet.vl rile 1.5nu mel,•p umlrr .Iiltlrul bar ar., Ihlm %+'Nano, mid .win 4: Immn•uu•md. um u•nliasrrtlnn Illy prraluM m ill,-"$ill art,1.•r by two 4 1air.w•Yilwor Hrlmr lntill,ro pop, plafllwf prllmi rift le lW.r,Ifnnilr o>„l Y••I ,.La•rYnmptlna wltli awl.. .amps and pin%•• d wru.�11 by Amy (Jaw. At Rh-, pr.e„ul Ilia. 1.11.1 It), th. liledi p Imn Work" lit flan low Cal.dunle canon Thrm ape afwuL Lulu Apple., In,- plantation h,lA mutt. of them. als,im Inn reulrarl and day Inla,mn are.!1w Frmuelr.o. Uhl• Sala hurfa•Ia1w'er amltl-tub- Vero*of lAhnklm Latin 31•lu situ nerve Ili plant Is Wane, The play"d ulur Inrnlenl b.dlcr to nlorl dot n"c. The., lint rnop wuuuntod to blip* lone of Ipt.at'rm work nil the planta/ton. but ewb 'lib, o,o,.,_, •d.,,". 1"' tar•I,IIIR er•l,wn. A %e .1. 1.n',°rl"4r•t rrnvn•lina rtmne,our Hagar, Tlm .•athnbste for Jaen Ili ahVYl till- for their cia,r Ili Ilff h.11re mclilmg the Crap .rums. whet r+•u,ly Ie Ca[ In the plaldwtl.u. They uplmur in, n. parfmrlly madwflud wash Ild. Figure 12.March 25,1909 Evening Bulletin article. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 17 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 66 w• .�m a �. ; s9 cxa onn. � �...., � oar a.• a. � .icE a" � �, m, .,,,... _..__ En"f� itSh �l 70 - ao 7 qr - 1 er4lamekua o �e d o ca H L s p{`1 QI 4 t � -,�,' } III � -� 'a. � t •� � 1 l !i'i R ,, Q _f��r'r -`�\ � ITCH Q 3' ; � } q� - �` •'�,.• , �•-. g_ •`'• - `-" #� �-�`"- Ha_ D � � `f e �. ^"c t - �� '� 1•�, w4/ � \ ter. `I �� _ i � i-' ��_r. ¢ �� ARM -j 3 L..•,y� `�e ���' e'C[ �I � f3 fir` _ � ~��i Y`z 1- -� �'- ; ••Z `.g �_:�'s � `",�,__J-,..,_� �,\� _._ _� --ram-f� ��..,,•�n ._�,..� y`� ��.., �.,�,�" `_E� `O� .. i*alauhau Mill - Project area ' Honoka°a Landing Pa°auhau Landing Honoka'a Mill Figure 13.Williamson's 1908 map of Northwestern Part of Hamakua,Hawaii(obtained from DAGS). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 18 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 for water distribution was with Honokaa Sugar Company. Pacific Sugar Mill and Paauhau Sugar Company were included in the 1910 agreement. The water sources were the Kawainui and the Alakahi streams,as well as general runoff from the watershed into the ditch.The Upper Ditch was approximately 23 miles in length and some 15 miles of it ran through Honokaa Sugar Co. and Pacific Sugar Mill land. Originally the Upper Ditch consisted of dirt ditches and galvanized flumes patched with lumber.This was a continual source of frustration, as much water was lost through leakage. When the plantations took over the management of the ditch in 1915,reconstruction work was carried out.The total cost of the Upper Ditch stands on the books in December 31, 1920 as$359,500.43. Construction work on the lower ditch began in May 1909, and was brought to a close with June, 1910, so that its opening July 1, was made a memorable event ...The source of the supply is the Waipio Stream, in Hamakua,which has its origin in the Kohala mountains,and is the confluence of four streams known as Kawainui,Alakahi, Koiawe and Waima,which by a series of tunnels(56,932 feet),flumes(6739 feet),and open ditches(57,934 feet), is brought out and conveyed to Paauhau Plantation, eastward, a distance of twenty-four and three-fourths miles, supplying en route by flumes and open ditches the needs of Kukuihaele and Honokaa plantations(Thrum 1908:139). Figure 14 is a portion of the 1911 U.S.Geologic Survey Honokaa quadrangle obtained from the University of Hawai'i at Manoa online library (http://magis.manoa.hawaii.edu). This map shows the Honoka'a and Pa'auhau Mills and components of the unique gravity railroad system discussed above.Traditional railroad tracks extended to the east and west from the Honoka'a and Pa'auhau Mills,with a "cable hoist"extending inland from the Pa'auhau Mill.This cable system was used to transport the empty railcars inland to the fields after they had been emptied.Additional "cable hoists"are located in Mahukuolo and Kalopa Ahupua'a to the east. Figure 15 is an aerial view of the project area vicinity taken on September 28, 1954 by the U.S. Geological Survey and obtained from the University of Hawai'i at Manoa online library (http://magis.manoa.hawaii.edu). This map shows the community of Haina inland of the project area, with no development within its boundaries. The area surrounding the Honoka'a Village is obscured by clouds,although the project area and surrounding area appears to have been extensively cleared, likely in association with historic sugar cane cultivation. An apparent road parallels the coastline in this photograph, with another road extending through the southeastern portion.The coastal road corresponds to Site 31348, discussed in the Findings section of this report. No evidence of the road in the southeastern portion of the parcel was identified during the AIS.The sloping ridge that extends through the western portion of the parcel is clearly visible on this photograph. Figure 16 is a portion of the 1957 U.S Geologic Survey Honokaa quadrangle obtained from DAGS. This map also shows the community of Haina and depicts an unimproved road extending into and out of the project area.A second unimproved road extends through the southeastern corner of the parcel. The map also depicts the newly constructed Mamalahoa Highway extending through the area inland of Honoka'a Village. In 1972,the Hamakua Mill Company became part of the Laupahoehoe Sugar Company and the milling operation was moved to Laupahoehoe. The Pa'auhau Sugar Company Plantation was purchased in 1972 by Theo Davies, which already controlled the Laupahoehoe and Honoka'a plantations. The merged companies subsequently formed the Hamakua Sugar Company,the largest plantation in the state with over 35,000 acres in cultivation. In 1984, Francis Morgan purchased the Hamakua Sugar Company.The company declared bankruptcy in 1993. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 19 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 a A i d o C.�^ LA 1 S �d t Lo v{ �y t •16 r m I o Y E t Q c m y o0 tA to L i ci v i J 3 \1 v 16 u � a` O I E :' O 4 0 o CY tka 9 c� �. � rr : 1'�•;� o s� .�i,S �' �•�Esc d .` � � a—I J � i LL HAUN &ASSOCIATES 20 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 Road Project area Ridge F Haina Honoka'a Figure 15.Portion of September 28,1954 aerial photograph of project area vicinity(obtained from http://magis.manoa.hawaii.edu). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 21 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 scc i Leinakekua Pt Project area _- ing �'r'Moia es I + Unimproved Road me � } w�`\}.. ovv� ry _ Z Uni - R."a'ad u , �V li� r 1vdes �dti 431)- ack •.� II i� -_ - ��� ii '�k ,I a Haina Iki- 506 +o �r ,Jr r, gpd JL r r 6!O 600 !jf /000 ' - _ ��"t LOWS •Iu (BM 14yi UCO 'il. I Ce a "P, Hi h" r Flurne 4,Iv a I, J •.. � >�� a _—_' - .�,• � � •. . 2 • �� a iba �ghviraY p� _ �° . 'a �- r 11 ;� f MA�'Ah,;: 'Ci --��•' HV+IAy- /9r�`�.. �'�' __ �y / '' ✓ \I ?arena °o Figure 16. Portion of 1957 USGS Honokaa quadrangle showing project area vicinity(obtained from http://magis.manoa.hawaii.edu). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 22 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORK A search of the DLNR-SHPD archaeological report database and other sources indicates limited archaeological work has been conducted in the general project area vicinity (Figure 17). Not included in this figure are the studies by Stokes(cited in Stokes and Dye 1991) and Thrum (1908),which focused on major sites, primarily heiau throughout Hawaii Island, and a survey of east Hawaii by Hudson (1932). None of the previous studies included the current project area.Cordy(1994)reviewed the studies by Thrum,Stokes,and Hudson and found references to ten heiau in eastern Hamakua,east of Waipio Valley.Only one, Ka Loa Heiau at Ahualoa,was seen by Stokes and Thrum. Hudson was unable to relocate it in 1931,and presumed it was destroyed. No heiau were reported for Haina or Papa'anui. In 1992, Paul H. Rosendahl, Inc. (PHRI) conducted an archaeological inventory survey (AIS) of two parcels totaling 186 acres between 1,150 ft and 1,690 ft elevation in the ahupua'a of Papa'anui, Paalaea, Haina, Namoku, Papuaa, and Nienie(Head and Goodfellow 1992).Only two sites were identified during this survey of former sugar cane lands. The sites consist of two portions of the same lava tube system. The sites were interpreted to be temporary habitations. Two charcoal samples recovered by excavations at one site produced age ranges of 1634-1955, and 1680-1744 or 1802-1938.Two volcanic glass flakes were also recovered from the site.The dates and volcanic glass support an interpretation of the site as being occupied between the 1600s and the early historic period. Later in 1992, PHRI conducted a second AIS in the general area, consisting of 174 acres in the ahupua'a of Hauola, Opihilala, and Manienie (Head and Rosendahl 1992).The survey area ranged from 700 to 1,000 ft elevation.Three historic sites were identified consisting of a road and three bridges.Two of the bridges were constructed in the 1910s by the Hamakua Mill Company,which was based in Pa'auilo Ahupua'a. PHRI (Rosendahl 1991 and Thompson and Rosendahl 1994)conducted an AIS archaeological survey and subsurface testing of a 15 acre parcel situated at approximately 1,200 ft elevation in Haina and Namoku. No sites or features were present. In 2001,Rechtman Consulting undertook an AIS of two water tank sites in Ahualoa at approximately 1,250 and 1,650 feet elevation (Rechtman 2001). No sites or features were identified. In 2001, Cultural Surveys Hawaii conducted an inventory survey of 335 miles of road corridor for a proposed fiber optic cable project(Hammatt 2001).This project followed County of Hawaii right of ways around nearly the entirety of the island and consisted of inspecting existing the pavement and road shoulders.The portion of this project in the vicinity of the current project area was designated as Section 12. No sites or features were identified in this section and it was classified as exhibiting Low Potential for containing archaeological resources. In 2002, Haun&Associates conducted an archaeological inventory survey of 36.5 acres in the ahupua'a of Ka'apahu (Haun and Henry 2002). The survey area ranged from 1,875 ft to 2,000 ft elevation and included two homestead lots.The survey identified five historic sites with six features including an oven, pit,hearth,troughs,and terrace. In 2006,Haun&Associates conducted an AIS of a 700 acre parcel in Kamoauau,Manienie,Opihilala,Hauola,Pa'auilo and A'amanu Ahupua'a(Haun and Henry 2006).This survey identified two sites with four features.One site consisted of a terrace and retaining walls potentially associated with early 1900s homestead use of the parcel.The other site is a concrete wall that retains a dirt road.The use of formed concrete indicates a probable 1900s age for the site. The road is part of a network of roads that provided access to sugar cane fields and it is likely that the site was constructed by the Hamakua Sugar Company. In 2014, Haun&Associates conducted an AIS of a 33.021 acre parcel in Pa'auhau Ahupua'a,and documented three sites with a total of eight features(Haun and Henry 2014).The identified features consist of two roads,three culverts and three ditches,all associated with historic sugar cane cultivation. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 23 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 . ! ! § § ■ cu } / § § - < CAJ -3)V / �o ale , \ 70 » &0 m < �jb, b N.N w \ ■ ¥ 5 % :} <\ § A/ ���\* ¥§ Z «\ ^ o �, /�0� ®%\� /\:/^ | ■ < R E# ]� g Lq ° � ��� \too^ C \ �,� * � � � � \ b �� di 0 k0 � ~ � i + § 0� 3 g ] �� /Yf 2 f k \f§ }\ ��� x / 0 0 & , o _ E\ __ » V«0 \ 7�� \ \ If) \ ~ �� `d`\� . ~ _ — ` IV \ ) At ± 7 S LLI / \ o.Vch 2 ,w L \) z \ ECD CCL • § ]2 � | G / ���` � . / ƒ H&UN &ASSOCITES 24 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 The modern studies discussed above examined more than 1,150 acres between 700 and 2,200 ft elevation;however, they identified only 15 sites with 24 features.The only traditional Hawaiian sites are two chambers of a lava tube system identified by Head and Goodfellow(1992).The near absence of traditional sites is attributed to the massive ground disturbance of sugar cane cultivation and pasture development. Historic remains identified by the surveys consist of 13 sites with 22 features. The historic features consist of sugar plantation-related infrastructure, and habitation and ranch-related associated with homestead lots. PROJECT EXPECTATIONS The project area is situated within Cordy's (1994) seaward upland slopes area as discussed in the Historic Background section of this report. Based on historical documentary research, traditional Hawaiian site types in this area could potentially include habitation structures and agricultural sites and features associated with the dryland cultivation of taro, bananas and sweet potatoes. The landscape throughout the Hamakua coast has been impacted by the extensive sugar cane industry. Historic sites associated with this activity could also be present in the project area, consisting of houses, roads, irrigation and drainage ditches,and sugarcane plantation-related infrastructure. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 25 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 -002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 FINDINGS The archaeological inventory survey identified four sites with a total of eight features. The sites consist of three single feature sites (Sites 31348, 31350 and 31351) and one complex with five features (Site 31349).The features consist of six terraces, one road and one wall,with functional types consisting of historic agriculture (n=5), historic transportation(1),historic/modern temporary habitation(1),and possible historic livestock control (1).The sites are summarized in Table 2 and their locations are presented in Figure 18. As discussed in the Historic Documentary Research section of this report, an historic map of the area depicts a structure labeled "Old Heiau" in the eastern portion of the TMK: (3)4-5-002:080(see Figure 10).The reported area of this heiau was carefully examined during the present project and no evidence of a structure is present. Three clusters of modern features were however identified during the AIS.These consist of five terraces,four mounds,two fire pits,two fishing pole holders,and a scatter of mortared bricks.These clusters are designated as Modern 1,2 and 3 and are located within the 40 foot shoreline setback adjacent to the coastal cliffs. The archaeological sites and modern features are described below. Table 2.Summary of identified sites. Formal Type Function GPS Coordinates c � v c o f0 SIHP No.of v u ° o = o Haun&Associates Type Function L v — _ = U Number features 3 a m ° u Easting Northing temporary site number F V F 2 - i0 O ° N N 8 N Q ° N E d J 31348 Road Historic Transportation 1 1 1 242368 2224410 1704.2 31349 Complex Historic Agriculture 5 5 5 242636 2224148 1673.1 Historic/Modern 31350 Terrace 1 1 1 242381 2224464 1704.1 Temporary Habitation 31351 Wall Possible Historic 1 1 1 242462 2224336 1704.4 Livestock Control Total 8 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 Site 31348 is an historic road that enters the project area in the northwestern portion of TMK: (3)4-5-002:080 at approximately 60 feet elevation.It extends through this parcel in an easterly direction a distance of 240 meters,then enters the adjacent TMK: (3)4-5-002:016 at approximately 45 feet elevation.The road continues to the east for 103 meters, then turns to the south-southwest for an additional 107 meters where it terminates at approximately 180 feet elevation. The portion of the road in the current project area evidences an overall length of 450 meters and ranges in width from 3.0 to 4.0 meters wide with no apparent evidence of formal construction (see Figure 18).The surface of the road is level soil with no cultural material present(Figure 19 and Figure 20). Site 31348 is interpreted as an historic transportation route through the area based on its formal type and appearance. This road corresponds to a road depicted on the 1954 aerial photograph of the area (see Figure 14), although it is not shown on the 1957 U.S Geologic Survey Honokaa quadrangle (see Figure 15).The portion of the road in the project area is unaltered and in good condition, and retains its integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling and association. It is assessed as significant per HAIR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 26 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 1 W J V 6 a E O +- E r `/ a d al m A C \ V S f u L E I j` � 9) w E Z; a N a w v m a C W 7 a r N d I � LL 1 0 3 11 m pp /4 v r~n 4 N O Ln a Q c4 m J m as `n co l Y m s a A t N 1 � a g E p vi o ago c o m 0 :a C, c a v`.". N rY J �1 - r 1 v - !QN y� dy ! a, f .y r f Ln / a J/ m Ln E r ` m i O co N 1 8 p a-I 3 00 LL HAUN &ASSOCIATES 27 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 77 ry Figure 19.Site 31348 road (view to west). a'- " �"'®IFl\rP'i�� •.� �'.?.. h. � ski .� -�. -... try Figure 20.Site 31348 road (view to west). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 28 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 Site 31349 is a complex of five terraces arranged in a rough alignment along the side of a steep slope (approximately 30 degrees)in the southeastern portion of the project area.The location of the five terraces is shown on Figure 18. The alignment is approximately 45 meters long (northeast by southwest). No cultural material is present on any of the five features.The Site 31349 features are described below. The Feature A terrace is located at the southwestern end of the alignment at approximately 185 feet elevation.The terrace is roughly square-shaped and is situated on a steep slope to the north (Figure 21).The terrace is 3.4 meters long(north-northwest) and 3.4 to 4.3 meters wide,with areas of collapse along the southern side. The north, east and west sides of the feature are stacked subangular basalt boulders and cobbles sloping inward from the base, likely to stabilize the structure on the steep slope.The north side is 1.7 meters high, with the east and west sides ranging in height from 0.85 to 1.0 meters.The southern upslope side is level with the adjacent ground surface.The surface of the terrace is roughly level but unpaved boulders and cobbles. Feature B is situated 24 meters to the northeast of Feature A,slightly downslope from it at approximately 175 feet elevation.The terrace is rectangular in shape and is 5.8 meters long (north-northwest by south-southeast) and 5.4 to 5.5 meters wide (Figure 22). The ground slopes moderately to the north-northwest. The north, east and west sides slope inward slightly from the base, built of stacked subangular basalt boulders and cobbles, and ranging in height from 1.7 to 2.45 meters.The northeast and northwest corners of the structure have collapsed.The southern side is level with the adjacent ground surface.The surface is relatively level but unpaved. The Feature C terrace is located 34 meters to the northeast of Feature B at approximately 155 feet elevation.The terrace is roughly square-shaped and is 3.8 meters long(northwest by southeast)and 3.3 to 3.9 meters wide(Figure 23). The ground surface in this area slopes steeply to the northwest. The northwest and southwest sides of the feature are stacked subangular basalt boulders and cobbles,ranging in height from 0.9 to 1.4 meters.The northeast side is concealed by a large fallen log and the southeast side is level with the sloping soil. The surface throughout most of the terrace slopes down to the northwest, although there is a relatively level but unpaved area in the southern portion. Feature D is situated 20 meters to the northeast of Feature C,slightly downslope from it at approximately 140 feet elevation.The feature is located just south of the existing driveway. It is rectangular in shape and is 4.7 to 5.3 meters long (northeast by southwest) and 2.0 to 3.0 meters wide (Figure 24).The ground slopes moderately to the north. The northwest,northeast and southwest sides slope inward slightly from the base,built of stacked subangular basalt boulders and cobbles, and ranging in height from 0.6 to 1.8 meters.The southeast side is level with the adjacent ground surface.The surface is relatively level but unpaved. The Feature E terrace is located 40 meters to the northeast of Feature D at approximately 115 feet elevation.The terrace is rectangular in shape and is 4.7 meters long (northeast by southwest) and 3.0 to 4.0 meters wide (Figure 25).The ground surface in this area slopes steeply to the north-northwest.The northwest,northeast and southwest sides are stacked subangular basalt boulders and cobbles,ranging in height from 0.55 to 1.35 meters.The northeast and southwest sides have collapsed.The surface is uneven boulders and cobbles with two banyan trees growing out of it.The southeast side is level with the sloping terrain. Site 31349 is interpreted as a series of historic agricultural features on their formal type and appearance The site is unaltered and in fair condition and retains its integrity of location, design, setting, materials,workmanship,feeling and association. It is assessed as significant per HAIR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 29 � 1 1 1 • 1 1 - • • • 1 � 1 � Slope direction Collapse 1 atum �� r��a�r► 1 � 1 Christmas berry feet 1 3.0 meters Feature A terrace(view to s. T774 :-II ' ' T M K : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 0 0 2 : 0 1 6 and 0 8 0 Re port No 1 6 7 3 / 1 7 0 4 . 1 1 0 4 2 2 0 9.0 feet �r �r 0 3.0 meters Slope direction Collapse 1� (0.5)=Height in meters �� q, Christmas berry m y� ~� S (2.45) ���^� ��� Datum Banyan tree (1.7) 0.6) Sloping soil (1.55) (0) eature B terrace(view to south) --r t t F Figure 22.Site 31349,Feature B plan map and photograph. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 31 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 N. � Slope direction Sloping soil(�\� 1 ?� Collapse (1.4) (�(�(' k C �l���,\ (0.9)=Height in meters �-�� r ��-��-� �,�� ���..� ,, �•� Christmas berry ( � (0) N (0 9) ,Christmas berry 3: *m Sloping still 5 U 13.0 feet Datum 0 3.0 meters Feature C terrace(view to east) P `t 47 Figure 23.Site 31349,Feature C plan map and photograph. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 32 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 Slope direction Collapse (0.5)= Height in meters Datum Sloping soil 0) Sloping soil (0.9 N 1 3 m 1 Ironwood 5 0 9.0 fleet 0 3.0 meters Feature D terrace(view to southeast) y - T i..)L �f tK.,;• sue.* dl{i � yt Figure 24.Site 31349,Feature D plan map and photograph. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 33 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 0 9.0 feet Slope direction r� 0 3.0 meters Collapse Datum � Sloping sail N (0.5)=Height in meters (1.35) (0.55) ! ® M 1 (0.65) O.tiS) \1 Banyon trees // Sloping soil Feature E terrace(view to south) i b .,i Figure 25.Site 31349,Feature E plan map and photograph. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 34 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 Site 31350 Site 31350 is a terrace with two parallel retaining walls located at the northern end of the western leg of the project area at approximately 20 foot elevation.The site is situated approximately 40 meters inland of the coastal sea cliffs within a grove of large ironwood trees in Haina Ahupua'a A blanket of ironwood needles covers the ground surface, and numerous fallen ironwood logs and pieces of bamboo are scattered throughout the area.The site encompasses an area 10.7 meters long(north-northwest by south-southeast)and 4.2 to 7.7 meters wide(Figure 26). The inland retaining wall is comprised of roughly stacked and piled waterworn basalt boulders and cobbles located in an area 3.8 meters long (north-northwest by south-southeast) and 0.3 to 0.65 meters wide (Figure 27). An ironwood log is present at the southern end of the retaining wall.The upslope side of the retaining wall is level with the adjacent sloping soil and the downslope side varies in height from 0.4 to 0.45 meters. The area to the east of the inland retaining wall is a deposit of level soil that is 3.0 to 4.6 meters wide. There is a piece of particle board located at the northwest end, and several displaced waterworn basalt boulders at the southern end.There is small concrete pier block (0.14 meters square and 0.08 meters high) set into the ground in the southeast corner of the soil surface (Figure 28). Fragments of blue and aqua glass bottles are scattered throughout this area,along with the dented lid of an aluminum pot. There is a large piece of concrete mortar located in an area of sloping soil to the south of the terrace, measuring 0.7 meters long,0.5 meters wide and 0.45 meters thick(Figure 29).The necks and bases of modern clear,amber,green and aqua glass bottles are imbedded into the mortar. A second retaining wall extends along the seaward side of the level soil area, comprised of piled angular basalt boulders, cobbles and ironwood logs. It is 5.2 meters long (northwest by southeast), and 0.3 to 0.4 meters wide (Figure 30 and Figure 31). There is a pile of ironwood logs and bamboo present at the northern end. A second concrete pier block and several displaced waterworn basalt boulders are located to the east of the retaining wall. A 0.3 meter diameter shovel test(ST-1704.1)was excavated into the surface of the Site 31350 terrace, adjacent to the western retaining wall (see Figure 26).The excavation revealed two layers over bedrock (Figure 32). Layer I is 0.08 to 0.09 meters of very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty loam with 25% pebble inclusions. Cultural material from this deposit consisted of 17 fragments of green bottle glass (14.7 grams) and six fragments of olive colored bottle glass (47.6 grams).The waterworn basalt stones comprising the adjacent retaining wall are imbedded in the Layer I soil. Layer 11 is 0.16 to 0.26 meters of sandy silt with 50%pebble inclusion. No cultural material is present.The excavation of ST-1704.1 was terminated on bedrock(Figure 33). Site 31350 is interpreted as an historic/modern temporary encampment likely constructed by local fisherman visiting the area.This is based on its formal type and close proximity to the coastal cliffs.The presence of the glass fragments suggests a probable historic use, while the particle board, concrete block with bottles, and the aluminum pot lid suggests a modern utilization.The concrete pier blocks and sections of ironwood and bamboo may have been used to erect a temporary structure.The site is altered and in poor condition; however, it still retains integrity of setting, location, design, materials, workmanship, feeling and association. It is assessed as significant per HAIR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content)and recommended for no further work. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 35 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 vm 0 ro p 4) -0 a+ E a = 0 t � m v a ro 0 u u n D � Y O i a // C= ' i rL 00 a o a v u ° ° O � O M � Y L) L v Y v i o LA , o o � / � O F —`l 0 i o 0o E 0 (U 0 uy o M o o N 0 °^ v Y 0 m o ru v = � a ° E E C o °o £ c z ® �, 0 16 0 0 M ran M CD N O {j� m O p N Q i 7 00 LL HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 36 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 •M +M1 s x: Figure 27.Site 31350,upslope retaining wall of waterworn stones(view to west). 1 fi 1 ' Figure 28.Site 31350,soil surface of terrace(view to northwest). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 37 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 ark ro A Y.~ . +� • - I _ . b ES � tvrr�ey'cs# � Figure 29.Site 31350,concrete mortar with embedded bottles(view to southwest). bU eY Figure 30.Site 31350,downslope retaining wall of angular basalt stones(pier block on right;view to west). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 38 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 jk , ill w r Figure 31.Site 31350,downslope retaining wall of angular stones(pier block in foreground,mortar block with bottles in background;view to south). ST-17D4.1 West wall profile Western terrace retaining wall 0 Ground surface o ayerI 000 0 Q Layerll O Bedrock ����� 0 0.5 meters 0.5 meters Layer I-Very dark grayish brown(IOYR 3/7)silty loam with 25%pehhle inclusions;hottle glass fragments present Layer II-Dark brown(7.5YR 3/3)sandy silt with 50%pebble inclusions;no cultural material Figure 32.ST-1704.1 west wall profile. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 39 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 k" j3 � ��i� !`I^ �i�� e•�; r �if - Figure 33.ST-1704.1 post-excavation photograph(view to west). Site 31351 Site 31351 is the disturbed remnant of a stone wall located in the Haina Ahupua'a portion of the project area at approximately 130 feet elevation. The site consists of the basal course of a wall that is 7.8 meters long (west- northwest by east-southeast) and 0.85 to 1.4 meters wide (Figure 34). It is comprised of a single course of aligned angular basalt boulders with cobbles present within and adjacent to the boulder alignments, bisected by an animal trail in the eastern portion. No cultural material is present in association with the wall. Site 31351 is interpreted as the probable foundation for an historic wall based on its formal type and appearance. The wall may have potentially functioned as a cattle wall that was impacted by the historic/modern cultivation of sugarcane within the project area.The wall is altered and in poor to fair condition; however, it still retains integrity of setting,location,design,materials,workmanship,feeling and association. It is assessed as significant per HAIR§13- 284-6 under Criterion d (information content)and is recommended for no further work. Modern Features The AIS identified three clusters of modern features(Modern 1,2 and 3)located in the seaward portion of the project area, within the 40 foot shoreline setback adjacent to the coastal cliffs (see Figure 18).The clusters are described below. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 40 T M K : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 0 0 2 : 0 1 6 and 0 8 0 Re port No 1 6 7 3 / 1 7 0 4 . 1 1 0 4 2 2 =Collapse 0 9 feet =Slope direction -- 0 3 meters (0.4) N Datum S Tree�� (0.2) trail 1 (0.45) � 1 Site 31351 wall(view to southwest) t Figure 34.Site 31351 plan map and photograph. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 41 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 Modern 1 is comprised of two adjacent mounds located seaward of the Site 31350 road, 10 meters inland of coastal cliff. The mounds range in length from 6.3 to 6.8 meters long, 0.75 to 5.6 meters wide and 0.3 to 1.05 meters in height, built of piled subangular basalt boulders and cobbles (Figure 35). The mounds appear to be recently constructed based on recent trash and a rusted car rim present within the fill material.These mounds likely function as modern windbreaks for people who utilize the cliff for camping and fishing.An inland-seaward two-track road is present to the west of the mounds. Modern 2 is a cluster of seven component features located 25 meters east of Modern 1 and 4.0 meters inland of the coastal cliffs.The features consist of two fire pits,four terraces and an area of scattered mortared bricks, located in an area 12.0 meters long(east-west)and 6.5 meters wide(Figure 36).The fire pits are roughly oval-shaped and are constructed of stacked and piled subangular basalt boulders and cobbles.They range in length from 1.3 to 1.7 meters long, 1.2 to 1.3 meters wide,and 0.4 to 0.6 meters high (Figure 37 and Figure 38). The terraces consist of one built of aligned subangular basalt boulders (2.1 meters long, 0.45 meters wide and 0.4 meters high),and three comprised of piled subangular basalt boulders and cobbles that range in length from 1.4 to 2.4 meters, in width from 0.55 to 0.7 meters, and in height from 0.45 to 0.5 meters (Figure 39).The terraces likely serve benches for the nearby fire pits. There is a concentration of white bricks that have been mortared into the ground located in the central portion of the site. It is roughly L-shaped and is 4.8 meters long(north-south) and 4.6 meters wide (Figure 40). Several water rounded basalt boulders are scattered throughout the area.The bricked surface likely served as a roughly prepared floor used in conjunction with the terraces and fire pits. Modern 3 is a cluster of five component features located 18.0 meters east of Modern 2 and adjacent to the cliff edge to the south. The features consist of two mounds, a terrace and two fishing pole holders located in an area 9.5 meters long (east-west) and 6.0 meters wide (Figure 41). The mounds and terraces consist of subangular basalt boulders and cobbles that appear to have been bulldozed into place.They range in length from 2.5 to 4.4 meters, in width from 1.4 to 1.7 meters and in height from 0.4 to 1.5 meters(Figure 42 and Figure 43).A fishing pole anchor is incorporated into the mound along the cliff edge.Two additional small fishing pole holders are located at the east and west ends of the site (Figure 44 and Figure 45). The terraces and mounds likely serve as sitting areas for fishermen visiting the area. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 42 T M K : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 0 0 2 : 0 1 6 and 0 8 0 Re port No 1 6 7 3 / 1 7 0 4 . 1 1 0 4 2 2 =Collapse (0.7) (0.6) Soil =Slope direction (0.6)=Height in meters g)=Tree {��C� l�� (0,65) (0.9) �C�t'(� 1 (0.3 atum Soil (0.8)„ Soil (0.4) 0.6) (1 as) (0.6) 0 IN (0.3) ® m S p 9.0 feet 0 3.0 meters Modern 1 (view to northeast) 47 4' 3 Figure 35.Modern 1 plan map and photograph. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 43 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 Collapse Cliff edge =Slope direction (0.6)=Height in meters Slumping soil cOO =Tree - --- — —�� =Water rounded stone N Fire pit 0.4) Level soil r' Log �m Area of I S mortared bricks . 0 _ _ 9.0 feet (045 0 3.0 meters r Log Soil (0.6 v Datum Terraces (0 5) usted grill r Soil o (0.4) (0.5) Fire pit (0.6) o Soil Soil Modern 2(view to west) {y Figure 36,Modern 2 plan map and photograph. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 44 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 ti s.: Figure 37.Modern 2,firepit(view to north). al- I w , Figure 38.Modern 2,fire pit(view to east). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 45 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 r Ak x.. 4. Figure 39.Modern 2,terraces(view to south). Wf, Figure 40.Modern 2,brick concentration(view to northwest). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 46 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 N 3 rn S 0 9.0 feet 0 3.0 meters Cliff edge ({{C,^�r,r Dat m Fishing pole �? CC(CF� 11����) holder 1.4) CC C�tiv)� (0.4 Fishing pole Cv��» holder Terrace Mound � (0.7) Soil Soil (10 Collapse (0.7) =Slope direction Log (0.6)=Height in meters 1■ CC��J�vy` U " "`J�J' )) ) U =Tree "� 1 Mound (0.4) Modern 3(view to west) IL ' ,l v� Figure 41.Modern 3 plan map and photograph. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 47 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 Figure 42.Modern 3,terrace with fishing pole holder in background (view to east). e y - i - tti S �1� +x Figure 43.Modern 3,mound (view to northeast). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 48 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 Y V � Sr' . 'Q `ifP�3 TiP L"ce 3 -rp.fi..sr r. s h f f b 1 Figure 44.Modern 3,eastern fishing pole holder(view to east). yy�Ji 3a i S "�Y I R Figure 45.Modern 3,western fishing pole holder(view to east). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 49 TMK : ( 3 ) a - ,; - nn ? • n16 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 CONCLUSION Discussion The identified sites conform to expected historic remains within the project area.The sites consist of an historic road (Site 31348), a complex of historic agricultural features (Site 31349), an historic/modern temporary encampment potentially used by local fisherman (Site 31350),and the disturbed remnants of a possible cattle wall(Site 31351).A portion of the project area is located within LCA 10281 awarded to Manuia,which according to testimony included one 'apana and two orange trees. No mention of a house or other structure is mentioned and no physical evidence of this LCA was noted during the project. No traditional Hawaiian sites were identified in the project area. This is not unexpected because of the extensive mechanized cultivation of sugar cane that would have destroyed most evidence of the traditional use of the area. Evidence of the modern use of the project area was also identified in the seaward portion of the parcel.These consist of mounds and terraces potentially used as sitting areas, fire pits, fishing pole holders and a concentration of mortared bricks, likely created and used by local fisherman. Significance Assessments The sites identified during the survey is assessed for significance based on Hawai'i Administrative Rules(HAR) §13- 284-6. According to (HAR) §13-284-6 (b), a site must possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship,feeling,and/or association and shall meet one or more of the following criteria: 1. Criterion "a": Be associated with events that have made an important contribution to the broad patterns of our history; 2. Criterion "b": Be associated with the lives of persons important in our past; 3. Criterion "c": Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction; represent the work of a master;or possess high artistic value; 4. Criterion "d": Have yielded, or is likely to yield, information important for research on prehistory or history; and 5. Criterion "e": Have an important traditional cultural value to the native Hawaiian people or to another ethnic group of the state due to associations with traditional cultural practices once carried out,or still carried out,at the property or due to associations with traditional beliefs,events or oral accounts—these associations being important to the group's history and cultural identity. The four sites in the project area possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials,workmanship,feeling and association. The sites are assessed as significant under Criterion "d" and have yielded information important for understanding historic transportation,agriculture,temporary habitation and livestock control in the area. Treatment Recommendations The documentation of Sites 31348, 31349, 31350, and 31351 adequately document them and no further work or preservation is recommended.The landowner plans to install new fencing in both parcels,and to conduct a program of invasive species removal.The program will include the elimination of Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius), turkey berry(Solanum torbum),and spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus),and the trimming of coastal ironwoods (Casuarina equisetifolia)and the removal of dead ironwood trees and branches(see Figure 3).This proposed activity will have no effect on the historic properties due to the aforementioned recommendations. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 50 TMK : ( 3 ) a - s - nn ? • n16 and nRn Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 TRANSLATION OF HAWAIIAN WORDS' ahupua'a-traditional Hawaiian land unit usually extending from the uplands to the sea 'apana-piece,slice, portion heiau- Pre-Christian place of worship,shrine holua-sled,especially the ancient sled used on grassy slopes;the sled course. `ili- land section, next in importance to ahupua'a and usually a subdivision of an ahupua'a kihapai-small land division,smaller than a pauku; cultivated patch,garden,orchard,field konohiki-headman of an ahupua'a land division under the chief kuleana-small piece of property,as within an ahupua'a Mahele-land division of 1848 mala-garden,plantation, patch,cultivated field '-from wehewehe.org REFERENCES Archives Division of the Hawai'i Department of Accounting and General Services. 2020 www.ags.hawaii.gov/survey/map-search Beamer, Kamanamaikalani 2014 No Makou Ka Mana Liberating a Nation. Kamehameha Publishing 2014, Honolulu, HI. Chinen,Jon J. 1958 The Great Mahele:Hawaii's Land Division of 1848. University of Hawaii Press. Cordy, R. 1994 A Regional Synthesis of Hamakua District, Island of Hawaii. Historic Preservation Division, Department of Land & Natural Resources,State of Hawaii, Honolulu. County of Hawai'i Real Property Tax and TMK Maps 2020 www.hawaiicounty.gov DLNR(Department of Land and Natural Resources) 2003 Hawaii Administrative Rules, Title 13. Dept. of Land and Natural Resources, Subtitle 13, State Historic Preservation Division Rules. Ellis,W. 1963 Journal of William Ellis, Narrative of a Tour of Hawaii, or Owhyee. Honolulu:Advertiser Publishing Co. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 51 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 -002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 FIR n.d. Foreign Register of Kuleana Claims Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawaii State Archives. FT n.d. Foreign Testimony Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawai'i State Archives. Giambelluca,T.W.,Q.Chen,A.G. Frazier,J.P. Price,Y.-L.Chen, P.-S.Chu,J.K. Eischeid,and D.M. Delparte 2013 Online Rainfall Atlas of Hawai'i. Bull.Amer. Meteor.Soc. 94,313-316,doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00228.1. Hammatt. H.H. 2001 Archaeological Assessment of the Proposed Sandwich Isles Communication Fiber Optic Cable Project within approximately 335 miles(540.3 kilometers)of Road Corridor on the Island of Hawaii.Cultural Surveys Hawaii report prepared for SSFM International, Inc. Haun,A.,and D. Henry 2002 Archaeological Inventory Survey,TMK: 4-4-11:015, Land of Ka'apahu, Hamakua District, Island of Hawaii. Haun&Associates Report 156 prepared for Dr.Theodore Lesnett, Honokaa. 2006 Archaeological Inventory Survey, Lands of Kamoauau, Manienie,Opihilala, Hauola, Pa'auilo and A'amanu, Hamakua District, Island of Hawaii (TMK: [3] 4-3-007:001. 4-3-009:019, 024, 4-3-011:001, 002). Haun & Associates Report 462 prepared for PBR Hawaii, Hilo, HI. 2014 Archaeological Inventory Survey, TMK: (3) 4-4-05:008 and 009, Pa'auhau Ahupua'a, Hamakua District, Island of Hawai'i. Haun&Associates Report 1077 prepared for Hamakua Harvest, LLC. Hawaii State Digital Archives(https://digitalcollections.hawaii.gov). Hawaii Sugar Planters'Association Plantation Archives(http://www2.hawaii.edu/speccoll/hawaiispa.html). Head,J.,and S.Goodfellow 1992 Archaeological Inventory Survey, Hamakua Sugar/Honokaa Parcels, Lands of Papa'anui, Pa'alaea, Haina, Namoku, Papua'a and Nienie, Hamakua District, Island of Hawaii (TMK:4-5-10:03,05,92). PHRI Report 1044-062992 prepared for Hamakua Sugar Company. Head,J.,and P. Rosendahl 1992 Archaeological Inventory Survey, Hamakua Sugar/Pa'auilo Parcels, Lands of Hauola,Opihilala and Manienie, Hamakua District, Island of Hawaii (TMK:4-3-03:13, 18;4-3-04:03). PHRI Report 1044-060292 prepared for Hamakua Sugar Company. Indices 1929 Indices of Awards Made by the Board of Land Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. Territory of Hawaii, Honolulu. Kalakaua, D. 1972 The Legends and Myths of Hawaii.Tokyo: Charles E.Tuttle Company, Inc. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 52 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 -002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 Menzies,A. 1920 Hawaii Nei 128 Years Ago. Published by W.F.Wilson. Honolulu. Moffat, R. M.and G.L. Kirkpatrick 1994 Surveying the Mahele:Mapping the Hawaiian Land Revolution. Palapala'dina. Editions Limited, Honolulu. NR n.d. Native Register of Kuleana Claims Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawaii State Archives. NT n.d. Native Testimony Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawai'i State Archives. Rosendahl, P. 1991 Archaeological Inventory Survey, Honokaa Hospital Site Project Area, Lands of Haina and Namoku, Hamakua District, Island of Hawaii (TMK: 3-4-5-10:91). PHRI Letter Report 766 prepared for Wilson Okamoto and Associates. Rechtman, R. 2001 Letter Report:Archaeological Survey and Limited Cultural Assessment,Ahualoa Homesteads, Hamakua District, Island of Hawaii (TMK:2-4-6-07:81 and 3-4-6-08:48). Rechtman Consulting Report 0081 prepared for Mr. Ron Terry. Sato, H.H.,W. Ikeda, R. Paeth, R.Smythe,and M.Takehiro,Jr. 1973 Soil Survey of the Island of Hawaii,State of Hawaii. U.S. Department of Agriculture,Soil Conservation Service and University of Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station.Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Speakman,C.E.,Jr. 1978 An Informal History of the Hawaiian Island. San Rafael: Pueo Press. Stokes,J.F.G.,and T. Dye 1991 Heiau of the Island of Hawaii.Bishop Museum Bulletin in Anthropology 2. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu. Thompson, L.,and P. Rosendahl 1994 Archaeological Subsurface Testing, Honokaa Health Care Facility Site, Lands of Haina and Namoku, Hamakua District, Island of Hawaii (TMK: 3-4-5-10:91). PHRI Report 1154 prepared for Ronald Nagata AIA. Thrum,T.G 1908 Heiaus and Heiau Sites Throughout the Hawaiian Islands. Island of Kauai. Hawaiian Almanac and Annual 1907:36-44. Honolulu:Thos.G.Thrum. United States Geological Society(USGS) 2020 www.usgs.gov HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 53 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 Waihona 'Aina Corporation 2000 The Mahele Database,Waihona.com. Wolfe, E.W.,and J. Morris 2001 Geologic Map of the Island of Hawaii. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. Miscellaneous Investigations Series. Wehewehe.org 2020 Hawai'i Electronic Library-Na Puke Wehewehe 'Olelo Hawaii HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 54 JOSH GREEN,M.D. DAWN N.S.CHANG CHAIRPERSON GOVERNOR I KE KIA•AINA BOARD OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES COMMISSION ON WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYLVIA LUKE LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR I KA HOPE KIA•AINA LAURA H.E.KAAKUA FIRST DEPUTY .CP tygp M.KALEQ MANUEL 4w '•,<.' DEPUTY DIRECTOR-WATER ok`and and ryas l` a b �y dl _�* AQUATIC RESOURCES Fe .p3 S BOATING AND OCEAN RECREATION i� BUREAU OF CONVEYANCES • i COMMISSION ON WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT H CONSERVATION COASTALION AND ON ANDRESOURC RESOURCES CEMENT gyp'••.... w•.�.a ENGINEERING FORESTRYAND WILDLIFE HISTORIC PRESERVATION 'State ofHa�� - i1�7 uu�� KAHOOLAWE ISLAND RESERVE COMMISSION LAN STATE OF HAWAII I KA MOKU'AINA`O HAWAI`I STATE PDARKS DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES KA`OIHANA KUMUWAIWAI`AINA STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION DIVISION KAKUHIHEWA BUILDING 601 KAMOKILA BLVD,STE 555 KAPOLEI,HAWAII 96707 October 23,2023 IN REPLY REFER TO: Steven Pause,Director Project No.2023PRO1235 Department of Public Works Doc.No.2310JGI I County of Hawaii Archaeology 101 Pauahi Street,Suite 7 Hilo,HI 96720 Public works&hawaiico1M.aov Dear Mr.Pause: SUBJECT: Chapter 6E-42 Historic Preservation Review County of Hawaii Grading Permit Application Applicant: Stephen Winter(Landowner) Papa`anui and Haina Ahupua`a,Hamakua District,Island of Hawaii TMK:(3)4-5-002:016 and 080 This letter provides the State Historic Preservation Division's (SHPD's) review of the subject County of Hawaii grading permit application received by our office on October 16,2023. The submittal included a HRS 6E Submittal Form, a Permit Snapshot Report (PW.ENG2023-00199), construction plans, and photos of the project area. The applicant proposes grading activities to facilitate the construction of new driveways,parking,and building pads.The proposed grading will consist of approximately 16,000 cubic yards of cut and 13,270 cubic yards of fill and will include driveway grading that will measure 2,850-ft.-long by 12-ft.-wide by 1-ft.-deep,and 3 acres of general grading for a bam,cottage,and main residence. The project area comprises a 5.00-acre portion of the combined 30.165-acre parcels. Project photos indicate that the project area was likely impacted by previous land-clearing activities. A review of SHPD records indicates that the current project area was included within the boundaries of a previous archaeological inventory survey (AIS; Haun et al. 2022; Doc. No. 2211JG01). The AIS documented four historic properties within the current project area: Sites 50-10-08-31348 [road], 50-10-08-31349 [complex],50-10-08-31350 [terrace],and 50-10-08-31351 [wall].All historic properties were assessed as significant under criterion d,as having been adequately documented, and thus were recommended for no further work. Additionally, 3 clusters of modern features were identified during the AIS which consisted of 5 terraces,4 mounds,2 fire pits,2 fishing pole holders,and a scatter of mortared bricks.These resources are located within the 40-ft-wide shoreline setback adjacent to the coastal cliffs and are not located within the current project area.Additionally,historic aerial imagery(1964)indicates that the current project area has been impacted by previously land-clearing and agricultural activities.Low potential exists for the project to encounter intact subsurface historic properties. Based on current information, SHPD's determination is no historic properties affected for the proposed project. Pursuant to HAR§13-284-7(e),when the SHPD agrees that the action will not affect any significant historic properties, this is the SHPD's written concurrence and historic preservation review ends.The HRS 6E historic preservation review process is ended.The permit issuance process may proceed. Attach to permit:If historic properties such as lava tube openings,concentrations of artifacts,structural remains or human skeletal remains are found during construction activities please cease work in the immediate vicinity of the find,protect the find from additional disturbance,and contact the State Historic Preservation Division at(808)933- 7653. Mr.Pause October 23,2023 Page 2 Please contact Joshua.Gastilo at joshua.gastiloghawaii.gov for any questions regarding archaeological resources or this letter. Aloha, Alan Downer Alan S.Downer,PhD Administrator,State Historic Preservation Division Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer cc: Robyn Matsumoto,robyn.matsumotokj awaiicouM. og_v John Younger,info&younger-engineering.com Stephen Winter,winter&winterplc.com Exhibit 19:Archaeological Survey Map TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 11042 ' TO r � � 4 0 a v E v \ ^ a v ' ° o g \. 0 I w� E c a E d f /J w f= Q - � 2 N / W � o QQ 2 u I LL d _ 2 w E 1 T ` N 0O f1 = c 1 m G 1 'A i O C m ' E o � , C 00 n G! Ip lL O 1 F 0 01 N O. E 10 Q G!� / d j pN O O m S O 00 ai u � a bHJ � � I 1 M J E r M ' O ro N � l ro r � 00 p ti V N N --- G7 � 3 p0 ii HAUN &ASSOCIATES 27 Exhibit 2 0 : Excerpt from Archaeological Inventory Survey TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673 / 1704 . 110422 Modern 1 is comprised of two adjacent mounds located seaward of the Site 31350 road, 10 meters inland of coastal cliff. The mounds range in length from 6.3 to 6.8 meters long, 0.75 to 5.6 meters wide and 0.3 to 1.05 meters in height, built of piled subangular basalt boulders and cobbles (Figure 35). The mounds appear to be recently constructed based on recent trash and a rusted car rim present within the fill material.These mounds likely function as modern windbreaks for people who utilize the cliff for camping and fishing.An inland-seaward two-track road is present to the west of the mounds. Modern 2 is a cluster of seven component features located 25 meters east of Modern 1 and 4.0 meters inland of the coastal cliffs.The features consist of two fire pits,four terraces and an area of scattered mortared bricks, located in an area 12.0 meters long(east-west)and 6.5 meters wide (Figure 36).The fire pits are roughly oval-shaped and are constructed of stacked and piled subangular basalt boulders and cobbles.They range in length from 1.3 to 1.7 meters long, 1.2 to 1.3 meters wide,and 0.4 to 0.6 meters high (Figure 37 and Figure 38). The terraces consist of one built of aligned subangular basalt boulders (2.1 meters long, 0.45 meters wide and 0.4 meters high),and three comprised of piled subangular basalt boulders and cobbles that range in length from 1.4 to 2.4 meters, in width from 0.55 to 0.7 meters, and in height from 0.45 to 0.5 meters(Figure 39).The terraces likely serve benches for the nearby fire pits. There is a concentration of white bricks that have been mortared into the ground located in the central portion of the site. It is roughly L-shaped and is 4.8 meters long(north-south) and 4.6 meters wide (Figure 40). Several water rounded basalt boulders are scattered throughout the area.The bricked surface likely served as a roughly prepared floor used in conjunction with the terraces and fire pits. Modern 3 is a cluster of five component features located 18.0 meters east of Modern 2 and adjacent to the cliff edge to the south. The features consist of two mounds, a terrace and two fishing pole holders located in an area 9.5 meters long (east-west) and 6.0 meters wide (Figure 41). The mounds and terraces consist of subangular basalt boulders and cobbles that appear to have been bulldozed into place.They range in length from 2.5 to 4.4 meters,in width from 1.4 to 1.7 meters and in height from 0.4 to 1.5 meters(Figure 42 and Figure 43).A fishing pole anchor is incorporated into the mound along the cliff edge.Two additional small fishing pole holders are located at the east and west ends of the site (Figure 44 and Figure 45). The terraces and mounds likely serve as sitting areas for fishermen visiting the area. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 42 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673/ 1704 . 110422 �CC C� (o.$) C�( * =Collapse (Q.7) Soil =Slope direction (0.6)=Height in meters ((`(�((((����X},�� Tree (0.9) {((( ( (0.65) C( (� + (0.3 atum soil (0.8) Soil (0.4) 0.6) (1.05) (0.6) 0 N (0.3) 3: m S 0 9.0 feet C9 0 3.0 meters Modern 1 (view to northeast) r Figure 35.Modern 1 plan map and photograph. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 43 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 -002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673/ 1704 . 110422 Collapse Cliff edge =Slope direction (0.6)=Height in meters Slumping soil O=Tree 4ft =Water rounded stone N Fire pit 0.4) Level soil 'Log — m Area of I S mortared bricks 0 9.O feet (0 45� 0 3.0 meters r Log Soil (0.6 Datum Terraces (0 5) usted grill r- (0.4) �(0.5) Soil Fire pit Soil Soil Modem 2(view to west) r - i r•:. Figure 36,Modern 2 plan map and photograph. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 44 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 -002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673/ 1704 . 110422 _ 1 T !. i� Figure 37.Modern 2,firepit(view to north). low­ i e, x Figure 38.Modern 2,fire pit(view to east). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 45 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 -002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673/ 1704 . 110422 z •. � _�' 'y tee' .,ar° .i . d Jil Y Figure 39.Modern 2,terraces(view to south). -41 Ilk At L 1 f Figure 40.Modern 2,brick concentration(view to northwest). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 46 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 - 002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673/ 1704 . 110422 N � m S 0 9.0 feet 0 3.0 meters Cliff edge �({(r�` ��l� Dat m Fishing pale (((C( C/ 1�� ) holder (1.4) ) (0.4 Fishing pole ( ��'�»-�j� holder Terrace (1.5) Mound Soil Soil =Collapse (0.7) =Slope direction L og (0.6)=Height in meters Tree v Mound (0.4) Modern 3(view to west) _ ti • Y~ S.' •1 p it - a� r 4 r'i�� rf "�"c- "�'".'*`•R` w; .. _ _,, - •X.� l Figure 41.Modern 3 plan map and photograph. HAUN &ASSOCIATES 47 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 -002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673/ 1704 . 110422 rS S �f- 4 F F j i Figure 42.Modern 3,terrace with fishing pole holder in background(view to east). [h=% Figure 43.Modern 3,mound(view to northeast). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 48 TMK : ( 3 ) 4 - 5 -002 : 016 and 080 Report No . 1673/ 1704 . 110422 �Y e. MOP- n. is y,6 ,�- ' ., j'� •:,'•% ?� .Y�� .fit. § Xr �1 �r nmf�r ' Y�'' {. Figure 44.Modern 3,eastern fishing pole holder(view to east). ., s> - J ` ram` - 'r •r , ry.. 1 ri Figure 45.Modern 3,western fishing pole holder(view to east). HAUN &ASSOCIATES 49 Exhibit 21: Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide Project Area 5002 34SW2080 345002016 345002081 4-5 ial 345002079 345002078 i nd 345W2082 34500207 9/12/2023, 10:49:03 AM 1:4,514 0 0.04 0.07 0.14 mi LUPAG Current Status (Labels) 0 Coastline LUPAG (Current Status) 0 0.05 0.1 0.2 km TMKZnne-Sections (Labels) Important Ag. Lands Parcels (labels) Industrial Parcels (boundary lines) Sources:Esri,Airbus IDS,USGS,NGA,NASA,CGIAR,N Robinson,NCEAS, _ NLS, OS, NMA, Geodatastyrelsen, Rijkswaterstaat, GSA, Geoland, FEMA, Open Area Intermap and the GIS user community,Esri Community Maps Contributors, OpenStreetMap, Microsoft, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, GeoTechnologies,Inc,METI/NASA,USGS,EPA,US Census Bureau,USDA ArcGIS Web AppBuilder Sources:Esri,USGS I Esri Community Maps Contributors,©OpenStreetMap,Microsoft,Esri,HERE,Garmin,SafeGraph,GeoTechnologies,Inc,METI/NASA,USGS,EPA,US Census Bureau,USDA 0 veld as;sew a;ig asnoH en�eweH O o C (D X= 3 w m u �� _ 0 o W I 3 di//i �. I VIll�. I� : ♦ Av A Vvv A V v A V A vA v� vv �� �vO� � 5.f ��IVI)V 1P�1111�VIllj�llll llll i��// l� //I�//i///ii%/i 5 �v`vtiv`vvv� v�v v vv v ��vv`- ���\��,� �vvIv��vc�vvvdvi1Z�vPv4vvla a // /iiil I / � v 51v �vvvv wvvlvv i I //1/I ` A V l 1 f,pV A�v A4� �`�AvA / v v v `� U/ \ A vA��V AOvJA AVA vh // f l I �`v��vAVA�v�v ' III \ d ' 111 Q� v�v vv 4� t CD \ 1I\ j f�)I 11 \\ly; a w 0 Q l/ / �1 1X \ 6 iJ V1�V`�ti 1AAVAAAAA�A519 11s.1 vr��l � -�swSz3caa�" I .�v�Av��`�v���v���1vv��Il ���I( �hlrlllllllliil �i ! � -�l Iri1ili /rf� v � IIII1111111vvv1vvvlv�l :� �I,�I�ii�vl v .� /I! �'1�// I✓���li% Z(111/I// \II vi i1 r11 i / 31111I II % I /! ///li�l� Lu Oo �) 1 a\tlV1 ��I11!% l $I IIIAI11\ - Z ua� l�l�l llrllll. d Illl l / sa � o � � / ✓///iiiii�// / / r 11 / / _ ___ -. — _ - .e.1// /�/i i/ s�� i � / II � Il I111/11 / 1 �41111111111111111 �vvIvvvIv v,.oz .ei—ly \v\\v\\V A\vV v 1� II \V II 11\�I Y\ � 1111 \V r711(. 111 lr l/l� Av V� �� JOSH GREEN,M.D. 41&or Nq DAWN N.S.CHANG GOVERNOR KEKIAAINA Rt �93� 7 CHAIRPERSON BOARD OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES tiy COMMISSION ON WATER RESOURCE SYLVIALUKE MANAGEMENT LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR I KA HOPE KIA'AI NA js RYAN K.P.KANAKA*OLE -`}:•",� FIRST DEPUTY `'od m'd h� DEAN D.UYENO ACTING DEPUTY DIRECTOR-WATER AQUATIC RESOURCES O BOATINGAND OCEAN RECREATION STATE OF HAWAI`I I KA MOKU`AINA`O HAWAI`I BUREAU OF CONVEYANCES C DMIAISSION ON WATER RESOURCE DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT -- CONSERVATION AND COASTAL LANDS KA`OIHANA KUMUWAIWAI`AINA CONSERVATION AND RESOURCES ENFORCEMENT ENGINEERING Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE P.O.BOX 621 HISTORIC PRESERVATION HONOLULU.HAWAII 96809 KMI00[AYVE ISLAND RESERVE COMMISSION LAND STATE PARKS REF:000L:AA Correspondence: HA 24-110 MEMORANDUM Feb 9,2024 TO: Russell Y. Tsuji, Administrator REC'D BY MAIL Land Division s FROM: S. Michael Cain, Administrator COH PLANNING DEPTFEB 14 2024 PM2:13 Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands SUBJECT: Special Management Area (SMA) Use Permit Application Comments Located on Papa'anui, Hamakua, Hawai'i, TMK(s): (3) 4-5-002:016 & 080 The Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands(OCCL) has reviewed the information regarding the subject matter. According to the information provided, PBR Hawaii, on behalf of Stephen and Cheryl Winter, is proposing the development of a farm. The applicant must obtain an SMA Use Permit for the proposed project and is seeking any comments or information. The OCCL notes that the property is located in both the State Land Use Agriculture and Conservation District. The SMA application states that the intention is to avoid development within the Shoreline Setback and State Conservation District, except where cattle fencing may be required to ensure the safety of lateral pedestrian access along the makai (pali) edge of the site. Furthermore, the applicant proposes a plan for the removal of invasive species within the Conservation District such as alien grasses, ironwood trees (Casuarina equisetifolia), and Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius),and turkey berry (Solanum torvum) shrubs. The proposed installation of a cattle fence appears to be consistent with Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR) §13-5-22 P-13 LAND AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT(C-1) Installation Of a new fence or shelter. This requires the filing of a Conservation District Use Application (CDUA) and all required attachments to obtain a Departmental Conservation District Use Permit (CDUP). Therefore, to allow, modify or deny the installation of a fence would be at the discretion of the Chairperson of the Board of Land and Natural Resources. The proposed invasive species removal appears to be consistent with HAR §13-5-22, P-4 REMOVAL OF INVASIVE SPECIES. However, more information is required in order for the OCCL to make a determination as to what type of authorization may be required. Such as, what is the area and methodology for removal, and will native vegetation be planted to replace the removed vegetation? Past correspondences regarding this property indicted the Planning Dept. Exhibit Russell Y. Tsuji Correspondence: HA 24-110 Land Division Pali to be "unstable." Further, the Limited subzone designation objective is to limit uses where natural conditions suggest constraints on human activities. Any proposed land use in the conservation district must be reviewed by our Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands. Should you have any questions regarding this correspondence, contact Alyssa Accardo of our Office at (808) 587-0048 or at alyssa.m.accardo@hawaii.gov. C: Hawai`i Division Land Office County of Hawaii, ❑epartment of Planning i I it b m ?' a m -4 D9 n m Z 71 D ❑ Zbm Z CO ❑ mr � r C z O b < Q 0 2 ❑ O z j axz ❑- * N a z m CZ byz c� ari � M ❑ am r N r D aC Z w 00 N m cm n o � r; : v 010 o LA ffl 3 I� ❑ � C N C FIRST-C S ti 0) _Ndt ter: rn C N_ v ~ LA OM toto l i G7rn N Q A N Y A G y DeVera, Ashley From: Nakamura, Darlene K <darlene.k.nakamura@hawaii.gov> Sent: Monday, February 26, 2024 8:53 AM To: Planning Internet Mail Subject: Request for Comments - Stephen & Cheryl Winter - SMA Use Permit (PL- SMA-2023-000043) Attachments: Winter.signed.pdf, Winter.ENGR Comments.pdf, Winter.O00L Comments.pdf, Winter.HDLO Comments.pdf Aloha Alex Roy, Attached are comments from the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources to the above-entitled subject project. Mahalo, Darlene i .(�.,?..... { JOSH GREEN,M.D. tiv. �gsa„;y DAWN N.S.CHANG GOVERNOR I KE KIA'AINA hr' CHAIRPERSON BOARD OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES SYLVIA LUKE COMMISSION ON WATER RESOURCE LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR KA HOPE KIA'AINA a^� .a MANAGEMENT f: far `and and kd ,`Pt of Fc a�� pp�z9N� a o STATE OF HAWAI`I I KA MOKU`AINA`O HAWAI`I DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES sr,«, e,,a�,a KA`OIHANA KUMUWAIWAI `AINA LAND DIVISION P.O. BOX 621 HONOLULU, HAWAII 96809 February 23, 2024 County of Hawaii Planning Department via email: Planningahawaiicounty.gov Attn: Mr. Alex Roy 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Dear Mr. Roy: SUBJECT: SMA Use Permit Application (PL-SMA-2023-000043) — Request for Development of a Farm Which Includes a Pasture, Fencing, Barn, Greenhouse, Farm Dwelling, Caretakers Cottage, and Related Development located at Hamakua, Island of Hawaii; TMKs: (3) 4-5-002: 016 and 080 on behalf of Stephen and Cheryl Winter Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment on the subject matter. The Land Division of the Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) distributed or made available a copy of your request pertaining to the subject matter to DLNR's Divisions for their review and comments. At this time, enclosed are comments from the (a) Engineering Division, (b) Office of Conservation & Coastal Lands, and (c) Land Division-Hawaii District on the subject matter. Should you have any questions, please feel free to contact Darlene Nakamura at(808) 587-0417 or email: darlene.k.nakamuraahawaii.gov. Thank you. Sincerely, RGt-&i 1'-11Zy(i Russell Y. Tsuji Land Administrator Enclosures cc: Central Files JOSH GREEN,M.D. �P'',t95a„``v DAWN N.S.CHANG GOVERNOR I KE KIA'AINA gf CHAIRPERSON BOARD OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES SYLVIA LUKE j COMMISSION ON WATER RESOURCE LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR I KA HOPE KIA'AINA >t • MANAGEMENT 0 3 d and STATE OF HAWAH I KA MOKU'AINA'O HAWAN DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES Sa<<orHaw a KA'OIHANA KUMUWAIWAI 'AINA LAND DIVISION P.O.BOX 621 HONOLULU, HAWAII 96809 January 29, 2024 MEMORANDUM FROM: To- DLNR Agencies: _Div. of Aquatic Resources _Div. of Boating & Ocean Recreation X Engineering Division (DLNR.ENGR(o-)-hawaii.gov) X Div. of Forestry & Wildlife (rubyrosa.t.terrago(a�hawaii.gov) _Div. of State Parks X Commission on Water Resource Management (DLNR.CWRMCcilhawaii.gov) X Office of Conservation & Coastal Lands (sharleen.k.kuba(a�hawaii.gov) X Land Division — Hawaii District (gordon.c.heit(o-)-hawaii.gov) X Aha Moku Advisory Committee (Ieimana.k.damate(ccilhawaii.gov) TO: €RBRA= Russell Y. Tsuji, Land Administrator Rzt� 7-3-� SUBJECT: SMA Use Permit Application (PL-SMA-2023-000043) — Request for Development of a Farm Which Includes a Pasture, Fencing, Barn, Greenhouse, Farm Dwelling, Caretakers Cottage, and Related Development LOCATION: Hamakua, Island of Hawaii; TMKs: (3) 4-5-002: 016 and 080 APPLICANT: County of Hawaii on behalf of Stephen and Cheryl Winter Transmitted for your review and comment is information on the above-referenced subject matter. Please submit comments by February 23, 2024. If no response is received by the above date, we will assume your agency has no comments. Should you have any questions about this request, please contact Darlene Nakamura at darlene.k.nakamura(cD-hawaii.gov. Thank you. BRIEF COMMENTS: ( ) We have no objections. ( ) We have no comments. ( ) We have no additional comments. (V) Comments are included/attached. Signed: Print Name: Carty S. Chang, Chief Engineer Division: Engineering Division Date: Feb 13,2024 Attachments cc: Central Files Planning Dept. Exhibit DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES ENGINEERING DIVISION LD/Russell Y. Tsuji Ref: SMA Use Permit Application (PL-SMA-2023-000043)—Request for Development of a Farm Which Includes a Pasture,Fencing,Barn, Greenhouse, Farm Dwelling, Caretakers Cottage, and Related Development Location: Hamakua, Island of Hawaii TMK(s): (3) 4-5-002: 016 and 080 Applicant: County of Hawaii on behalf of Stephen and Cheryl Winter COMMENTS The rules and regulations of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), Title 44 of the Code of Federal Regulations (44CFR), are in effect when development falls within a Special Flood Hazard Area(high-risk areas). Be advised that 44CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter B, Part 60 reflects the minimum standards as set forth by the NFIP. Local community flood ordinances may stipulate higher standards that can be more restrictive and would take precedence over the minimum NFIP standards. The owner of the project property and/or their representative is responsible to research the Flood Hazard Zone designation for the project. Flood zones subject to NFIP requirements are identified on FEMA's Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM). The official FIRMs can be accessed through FEMA's Map Service Center(msc.fema.gov). Our Flood Hazard Assessment Tool (FHAT) (fhat.hawaii.gov) could also be used to research flood hazard information. If there are questions regarding the local flood ordinances,please contact the applicable County NFIP coordinating agency below: o Oahu: City and County of Honolulu, Department of Planning and Permitting (808) 768-8098. o Hawaii Island: County of Hawaii, Department of Public Works (808) 961-8327. o Maui/Molokai/Lanai County of Maui, Department of Planning (808) 270-7139. o Kauai: County of Kauai, Department of Public Works (808) 241-4849. Signed: 4 0- CARTY S. CHANG, CHIEF ENGINEER Date: Feb 13, 2024 lit! JOSH GREENtt M D r$ary. K �+ �e 0°,Hq DAWN N.S.CHANG GOVERNORIKE KIA AINA, �t,'wi�k J �' ig5 1 CHAIRPERSON 01 ASS N N n,3. r BOARD OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES SYLVIA LUKE r c , COMMISSION ON WATER RESOURCE LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR LKA HOPE KIA'AINA MANAGEMENT �f 'o RYAN K.P.KANAKA•OLE to LF C'B 12 `}M t0• 37 �, �} FIRST DEPUTY 1�' � /{17 "'�B� � DEAN D.WENO ..."' ACTING DEPUTY DIRECTOR-WATER ♦N.Gya,fiA@ AQUATIC RESOURCES yt r ,•T, %T1 BOATING AND OCEAN RECREATION STATE OF HAWAN I KA MOKU'AINA`O HAWAI'I BUREAU OF CONVEYANCES COMMISSION ON WATER RESOURCE -DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT S ,ys i j j p t CONSERVATION AND COASTAL LANDS KA`OIHANA KUMUWAIWAI'AINA CONSERVATIO RESOURCES ENFORRCEMCEM ENT Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands ENGINEERING FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE P O BOX 621 HISTORIC PRESERVATION HONOLULU.HAWAII 96809 KAHOOLAWE ISLAND NEDSERVE COMMISSION STATE PARKS REF:OCCL:AA Correspondence: HA 24-110 MEMORANDUM Feb 9,2024 To: Russell Y. Tsuji, Administrator Land Division FROM: S. Michael Cain, Administrator Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands SUBJECT: Special Management Area (SMA) Use Permit Application Comments Located on Papa'anui, Hamakua, Hawai'i, TMK(s): (3) 4-5-002:016 & 080 The Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands(OCCL) has reviewed the information regarding the subject matter. According to the information provided, PBR Hawaii, on behalf of Stephen and Cheryl Winter, is proposing the development of a farm. The applicant must obtain an SMA Use Permit for the proposed project and is seeking any comments or information. The OCCL notes that the property is located in both the State Land Use Agriculture and Conservation District. The SMA application states that the intention is to avoid development within the Shoreline Setback and State Conservation District, except where cattle fencing may be required to ensure the safety of lateral pedestrian access along the makai (pali) edge of the site. Furthermore, the applicant proposes a plan for the removal of invasive species within the Conservation District such as alien grasses, ironwood trees (Casuarina equisetifolia), and Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius),and turkey berry (Solanum torvum) shrubs. The proposed installation of a cattle fence appears to be consistent with Hawai'i Administrative Rules (HAR) §13-5-22 P-13 LAND AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT(C-1) Installation of a new fence or shelter. This requires the filing of a Conservation District Use Application (CDUA) and all required attachments to obtain a Departmental Conservation District Use Permit (CDUP). Therefore, to allow, modify or deny the installation of a fence would be at the discretion of the Chairperson of the Board of Land and Natural Resources. The proposed invasive species removal appears to be consistent with HAR §13-5-22, P-4 REMOVAL OF INVASIVE SPECIES. However, more information is required in order for the OCCL to make a determination as to what type of authorization may be required. Such as, what is the area and methodology for removal, and will native vegetation be planted to replace the removed vegetation? Past correspondences regarding this property indicted the Russell Y. Tsuji Correspondence: HA 24-110 Land Division pali to be "unstable." Further, the Limited subzone designation objective is to limit uses where natural conditions suggest constraints on human activities. Any proposed land use in the conservation district must be reviewed by our Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands. Should you have any questions regarding this correspondence, contact Alyssa Accardo of our Office at (808) 587-0048 or at alyssa.m.accardo@hawaii.gov. C: Hawai'i Division Land Office County of Hawai'i, Department of Planning JOSH GREEN,M.D. <Pf'`,taga� , DAWN N.S.CHANG GOVERNOR I KE KIA'AINA yr' ,i CHAIRPERSON BOARD OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES SYLVIA LUKE jt"'` r COMMISSION ON WATER RESOURCE LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR I KA HOPE KIA'AINA wYy, ,P MANAGEMENT �ynd anU N - `rF�`o err� eF '�''a,a•N�` re. , STATE OF HAWAH I KA MOKU`AINA`O HAWAH DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES SrararHawa" KA `OIHANA KUMUWAIWAI `AINA LAND DIVISION P.O. BOX 621 HONOLULU, HAWAII 96809 January 29, 2024 MEMORANDUM TO: DLNR Agencies: _Div. of Aquatic Resources _Div. of Boating & Ocean Recreation X Engineering Division (DLNR.ENGR(a-)_hawaii.gov) X Div. of Forestry &Wildlife (rubyrosa.t.terragoCa)-hawaii.gov) _Div. of State Parks X Commission on Water Resource Management (DLNR.CWRM(o-)-hawaii.gov) X Office of Conservation & Coastal Lands (sharleen.k.kuba(@_hawaii.gov) X Land Division — Hawaii District (gordon.c.heit(o-)-hawaii.gov) X Aha Moku Advisory Committee (leimana.k.damate(aD-hawaii.gov) FROM: Russell Y. Tsuji, Land Administrator 7`,, ' SUBJECT: SMA Use Permit Application (PL-SMA-2023-000043) — Request for Development of a Farm Which Includes a Pasture, Fencing, Barn, Greenhouse, Farm Dwelling, Caretakers Cottage, and Related Development LOCATION: Hamakua, Island of Hawaii; TMKs: (3) 4-5-002: 016 and 080 APPLICANT: County of Hawaii on behalf of Stephen and Cheryl Winter Transmitted for your review and comment is information on the above-referenced subject matter. Please submit comments by February 23, 2024. If no response is received by the above date, we will assume your agency has no comments. Should you have any questions about this request, please contact Darlene Nakamura at darlene.k.nakamura hawaii.gov. Thank you. BRIEF COMMENTS: ( ) e have no objections. ( ) We have no comments. ( ) We have no additional comments. ( ) Comments are included/attache . Signed: Print Name: Division: C.cL^d�i+srs vry Date: Attachments cc: Central Files DeVera, Ashley From: Honda, Eric T. <Eric.Honda@doh.hawaii.gov> Sent: Friday, February 2, 2024 11:13 AM To: Planning Internet Mail Subject: PL-SMA-2023-000043 Attachments: PL-SMA-2023-000043 TMK4-5-002--016 080.pdf Eric Honda District Environmental Health Program Chief Hawaii District Health Office (808) 933-0917 Eric.honda@doh.hawaii.gov i JOSH GREEN, M.D. f KENNETH S. FINK, M.D,MGA, MPH .........9 GOVERNOR OF HAWAII rysv"'may DIRECTOR OF HEALTH KE KIA'AINA0 KA MOKU'AINA0 HAWAI'I y,: `tom KA LUNA HO'OKELE : Planning Dept. �©.I�tr•raoc�' Exhibit 4 STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH P.O. BOX 916 HI LO, HAWAII 96721-0916 MEMORANDUM DATE: February 2, 2024 TO: Mr. Zendo Kern Planning Director, County of Hawaii FROM: Eric Honda District Environmental Health Program Chief SUBJECT: Special Management Area Use Permit Application (PL-SMA-2023-000043) Applicant: Stephen and Cheryl Winter Request: Development of a Farm Which Includes a Pasture, Fencing, Barn, Greenhouse, Farm Dwelling, Caretakers Cottage, and Related Development Tax Map Key: (3) 4-5-002:016 and 080, Hamakua, Hawaii In most cases,the District Health Office will no longer provide individual comments to agencies or project owners to expedite the land use review and process. Agencies,project owners, and their agents should apply Department of Health "Standard Comments" regarding land use to their standard project comments in their submittal. Standard comments can be found on the Land Use Planning Review section of the Department of Health website: https:Hhealth.hawaii.gov/epo/landuse/. Contact information for each Branch/Office is available on that website. Note: Agencies and proiect owners are responsible for adhering to all applicable standard comments and obtaining proper and necessary permits before the commencement of any work. General summary comments have been included for your convenience. However, these comments are not all-inclusive and do not substitute for review of and compliance with all applicable standard comments for the various DOH individual programs. Clean Air Branch 1. All project activities shall comply with the Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR), Zendo Kern February 2, 2024 Page 2 of 4 Chapters 11-59 and 11-60.1. 2. Control of Fugitive Dust: You must reasonably control the generation of all airborne, visible fugitive dust and comply with the fugitive dust provisions of HAR §11-60.1-33. Note that activities that occur near existing residences, businesses,public areas, and major thoroughfares exacerbate potential dust concerns. It is recommended that a dust control management plan be developed which identifies and mitigates all activities that may generate airborne and visible fugitive dust and that buffer zones be established wherever possible. 3. Standard comments for the Clean Air Branch are at: https://health.hawaii._gov/epo/landuse/ Clean Water Branch 1. All project activities shall comply with the HAR, Chapters 11-53, 11-54, and 11-55. 1. The following Clean Water Branch website contains information for agencies and/or project owners who are seeking comments regarding environmental compliance for their projects with HAR, Chapters 11-53, 11-54, and 11-55: hLtps://health.hawaii.gov/cwb/clean-water-branch-home- page/cwb- standard-comments/. Hazard Evaluation & Emergency Response Office 1. A Phase I Environmental Site Assessment(ESA) and Phase II Site Investigation should be conducted for projects wherever current or former activities on site may have resulted in releases of hazardous substances, including oil or chemicals. Areas of concern include current and former industrial areas, harbors, airports, and formerly and currently zoned agricultural lands used for growing sugar, pineapple or other agricultural products. 2. Standard comments for the Hazard Evaluation& Emergency Response Office are at: hops://health.hawaii.gov/epo/landuse/. Indoor and Radiological Health Branch 1. Project activities shall comply with HAR Chapters 11-39, 11-45, 11-46, 11-501, 11- 502, 11-503, and 11-504. 2. Noise may be generated during demolition and/or construction. The applicable maximum permissible sound levels, as stated in Title 11, HAR, Chapter 11-46, "Community Noise Control,"shall not be exceeded unless a noise permit is obtained from the Department of Health. 3. Construction/Demolition Involving Asbestos: If the proposed project includes renovation/demolition activities that may involve asbestos, the applicant should contact the Asbestos and Lead Section of the Branch at hlt2s://health.hawaii.gov/irhb/asbestos/. Safe Drinking Water Branch Zendo Kern February 2, 2024 Page 3 of 4 1. Agencies and/or project owners are responsible for ensuring environmental compliance for their projects in the areas of 1)Public Water Systems; 2) Underground Injection Control; and 3) Groundwater and Source Water Protection in accordance with HAR Chapters 11-19, 11-20, 11-21, 11-23, 11-23A, and 11- 25. They may be responsible for fulfilling additional requirements related to the Safe Drinking Water program: hops://health.hawaii.gov/sdwb/. 2. Standard comments for the Safe Drinking Water Branch can be found at: https://health.hawaii.gov/e/epo/landuse/. Solid &Hazardous Waste Branch 1. Hazardous Waste Program - The state regulations for hazardous waste and used oil are in HAR Chapters 11-260.1 to 11-279.1. These rules apply to the identification, handling, transportation, storage, and disposal of regulated hazardous waste and used oil. 2. Solid Waste Programs - The laws and regulations are contained in HRS Chapters 339D, 342G, 342H, and 342I, and HAR Chapters 11-58.1 and 11-282. Generators and handlers of solid waste shall ensure proper recycling or disposal at DOH-permitted solid waste management facilities. If possible,waste prevention, reuse, and recycling are preferred options over disposal. The Office of Solid Waste Management also oversees the electronic device recycling and recovery law, the glass advanced disposal fee program, and the deposit beverage container program. 3. Underground Storage Tank Program —The state regulations for underground storage tanks are in HAR Chapter 11-280.1. These rules apply to the design, operation, closure, and release response requirements for underground storage tank systems, including unknown underground tanks identified during construction. 4. Standard comments for the Solid& Hazardous Waste Branch can be found at: https://health.hawaii.gov/epo/landuse/. Wastewater Branch For comments,please email the Wastewater Branch at.doh.wwbgdoh.hawaii.gov. Sanitation/Local DOH Comments: 1. According to HAR §11-26-35,No person, firm, or corporation shall demolish or clear any structure without first ascertaining the presence or absence of rodents that may endanger public health by dispersal from such premises. Should any such inspection reveal the presence of rodents, the rodents shall be eradicated before demolishing or clearing the structure. A demolition permit is required prior to demolition. Zendo Kern February 2, 2024 Page 4 of 4 Other 1. CDC - Healthy Places - Healthy Community Design Checklist Toolkit recommends that state and county planning departments, developers,planners, engineers, and other interested parties apply these principles when planning or reviewing new developments or redevelopment projects. 2. If new information is found or changes are made to your submittal, DOH reserves the right to implement appropriate environmental health restrictions as required. Should there be any questions on this matter,please contact the Department of Health, Hawaii District Health Office, at(808) 933-0917. DeVera, Ashley From: Li, Shichao <shichao.li@hawaii.gov> Sent: Thursday, February 22, 2024 7:41 AM To: Planning Internet Mail; Roy, Alex Subject: Special Management Area Use Permit Application (PL-SMA-2023-000043) Attachments: OPSD-Hawaii Winter Farm SMA.pdf Hi, Alex: Attached is the comment letter from the State Office of Planning and Sustainable Development on the subject SMA Use Permit Application (PL-SMA-2023-000043) per review request from your county planning department. Thank you! it* OFFICE OF PLANNING& SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STATE OE HAWArt Shichao Li,Planner State of Hawaii Office of Planning and Sustainable Development 235 S.Beretania Street,6`Floor P.O.Box 2359,Honolulu,HI 96804 (808)587-2841 planning.hawaii.gov i �P ;95g"°� STATE OF HAWAI`I JOSH GREEN, : �. � ' � OFFICE OF PLANNING SYL�o E NOR & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MARY ALICE EVANS g INTERIM DIRECTOR y >.. 235 South Beretania Street,6th Floor,Honolulu,Hawaii 96813 Telephone: (808)587-2846 .'�" Mailing Address: P.O.Box 2359,Honolulu,Hawaii 96804 Fax: (808)587-2824 Web: https:Hplanning.hawaii.gov/ Coastal zone DTS202401261404NA Management Program February 20, 2024 Environmental Review Mr. Zendo Kern Director Program Department of Planning Land Use Commission County of Hawaii East Hawaii Office Land Use Division 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Special Plans Branch Hilo, Hawaii 96720 State Transit-Oriented Attn: Alex Roy Development Statewide Geographic Dear Mr. Kern: Information System Statewide Subject: Special Management Area Use Permit Application (PL-SMA-2023- Sustainability Branch 000043) for the Development of a Farm, including a Pasture, Barn, Greenhouse, Farm Dwelling, Caretaker Cottage, and related Development, Hdmdkua, Hawaii; Tax Map Key: (3) 4-5-002: 016 and 080 Thank you for the opportunity to provide comments on the Special Management Area(SMA) Use Permit Application (PL-SMA-2023-000043), transmitted via memorandum dated January 26, 2024, to develop a farm and related improvements in Hamakua, Hawaii. According to the subject SMA Use Permit Application, Stephen and Cheryl Winter propose the following farm project on the makai side of Lower Cane Haul Road and Pa`auhau Road within the SMA: o A farm dwelling; o Extension of the cattle fencing; o A caretaker's cottage; o A greenhouse for the cultivation of crops; o An individual wastewater system for residential use; o A barn; o A water tank and utility lines; o Paved and gravel driveway; o Landscaping; and o Small-scale renewable energy systems for agricultural and residential activities. Planning Dept. Exhi bits Mr. Zendo Kern February 20, 2024 Page 2 Non-potable water will be supplied by a well for ranch purposes and stored in an on-site tank. Wastewater will be treated and disposed of in two separate septic systems, one for the farm dwelling, and another for the caretaker's cottage and barn. The subject properties, consisting of a total of 30.165 acres, are mostly Agricultural Land, and partially Conservation Land. The site consists of rolling slopes perched above a steep, rocky pali roughly 80 to 165 feet above sea level. The subject property area is located in Zone X, an area determined to be outside the 0.2 percent annual chance floodplain, as designated under the Flood Insurance Rate Map by the Federal Emergency Management Agency National Flood Insurance Program. The proposed development will cost over $500,000, and an SMA Use Permit is required. The Office of Planning and Sustainable Development(OPSD)has reviewed the subject SMA Use Permit Application, and has the following comments to offer: 1. The OPSD recommends that the subject SMA Use Permit Application provide and present information on the size,perimeter, and height of the proposed structures, including the farm dwelling, the fencing, cottage and the greenhouse, for assessment. The subject application should also provide information about the time and/or phasing of the proposed development. 2. Act 16, Session Laws of Hawaii 2020 amended Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) Chapter 205A to increase the minimum shoreline setback from 20 feet to 40 feet. OPSD concurs that any additional fencing should be placed no closer than 40 feet inland from the certified shoreline, which may be the edge of the pali. The proposed fence should be constructed only upon receipt of the certified shoreline to ensure the minimum 40 feet of the shoreline setback, which will ensure and benefit public shoreline lateral access at the site. 3. According to the application, no traditional Hawaiian sites were identified in the project area. Should any archaeological or cultural resources, or burials be discovered during ground excavation, all construction work shall be ceased immediately. Subsequent work shall proceed only upon an archaeological clearance and written guidance from the State Historic Preservation Division, Department of Lands and Natural Resources. 4. For the proposed project, earthwork volume will include approximately 16,000 cubic yards of cut and 13,270 cubic yards of fill. The OPSD concurs that the applicant and/or agent shall prepare an erosion plan and implement site-specific mitigation measures to prevent any runoff, sediment, soil and debris potentially resulting from associated construction and operation activities from adversely impacting the coastal ecosystems and the State waters as specified in Hawaii Administrative Rules Chapter 11-54. Mr. Zendo Kern February 20, 2024 Page 3 5. In enacting Act 224, Session Laws of Hawaii 2005, the legislature found that light pollution in Hawaii's coastal areas and artificial lighting illuminating the shoreline and ocean waters can be disruptive to avian and marine life. All exterior lighting and lamp posts associated with the proposed farm development shall be cut-off luminaries to provide the necessary shielding to mitigate potential light pollution in the coastal areas, and lessen possible seabird strikes. No artificial light, except as provided in HRS §§ 205A-30.5(b) and 205A-71(b), shall be directed to travel across the property boundaries toward the shoreline and ocean. If you respond to this comment letter,please include DTS202401261404NA in the subject line. For any questions regarding this letter,please contact Shichao Li of our office at(808) 587- 2841 or by email at shichao.li@hawaii.gov. Sincerely, ' mo�ry A 1 l etCans Mary Alice Evans Interim Director DeVera, Ashley From: Matsumoto, Robyn Sent: Monday, February 26, 2024 1:49 PM To: Planning Internet Mail Subject: FW: Request for Comments on App . No. PL-SMA-2023-000043 for Stephen and Cheryl Winter on TMK: (3) 4-5-002:016 and 080 Attachments: 2024-02-26_PL-SMA-2023-000043 DPW Comments.pdf Importance: High Please see our comments attached.Thanks Sincerely, W. '1R�w Ma SU*VL0ta; P.E. Department of Public Works Engineering Division From: Dacayanan, Melissa <Melissa.Dacayanan@hawaiicounty.gov> Sent: Friday,January 26, 2024 12:47 PM To: DPW Eng<dpweng@hawaiicounty.gov>; Wilson, Kelly<Kelly.Wilson@hawaiicounty.gov>; DWS <dwsengineeringreview@hawaiidws.org>; cohdem <cohdem@hawaiicounty.gov>; HCPDONE <HCPDONE@hawaiicounty.gov>; Fire Admin <fire@hawaiicounty.gov>; Kato, Norren <Norren.Kato@hawaiicounty.gov>; Santiago, Hans<Hans.Santiago@hawaiicounty.gov>; State Office of Planning<dbedt.stateplanning@hawaii.gov>; dlnr.land@hawaii.gov; USFWS<pifwo_admin@fws.gov>; Surprenant, April <April.Surprenant@hawaiicounty.gov>; Morrison, Bethany<Bethany.Morrison@ hawaiicounty.gov>; NRCS<laila.jayyousi@usda.gov>; Chintan Poudel -DOH Wastewater<Chintan.Poudel@doh.hawaii.gov>; Honda, Eric<Eric.Honda @doh.hawaii.gov>; DOH -Wastewater Branch <doh.wwb@doh.hawaii.gov>; DOH-Epic<michael.une@doh.hawaii.gov> Cc: Roy, Alex<Alex.Roy@hawaiicounty.gov> Subject: Request for Comments on App . No. PL-SMA-2023-000043 for Stephen and Cheryl Winter on TMK: (3)4-5- 002:016 and 080 Importance: High Good afternoon, Please see the attached memo requesting your review and comments on the subject application. Link to view the application in the County's web-based EPIC system can be found below: • Stephen and Cheryl Winter Special Management Area Use Permit Application We kindly ask that you submit your comments to plan ninq(ab-hawaiicounty.-gov no later than February 26, 2024. Should you have any questions, please feel free to contact Planner Alex Roy (cc'd herein) at (808) 961-8140. Thank you. i Metiyf Daaaya# a- Sa4vdor `Wind-ward&Leeward Planning Commission County of Hawaii, Planning Department ioi Pauahi Street, Suite 3 HiCo, Hawaii g672o Main: (8o8)-961-8288 Direct (8o8) -961-8156 Emaik meCissa.dacayananghawaiicountN.gov z DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS COUNTY OF HAWAII HILO, HAWAII DATE: February 26, 2024 790"W0449 f1 TO: Planning Director FROM: Department of Public Works, Engineering Division SUBJECT: Special Management Area Use Permit Application (PL-SMA-2023-000043) Applicant: Stephen and Cheryl Winter Request: Development of a Farm Which Includes a Pasture, Fencing, Barn, Greenhouse, Farm Dwelling, Caretakers Cottage, and Related Development TMK: 4-5-002:016 and 080 We have reviewed the subject request and provide the following comments: 1. The subject parcel is in an area designated as Zone X on the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Zone X is an area determined to be outside the 500-year floodplain. 2. All activities shall comply with the requirements of Hawaii County Code (HCC), Chapter 10, Erosion and Sedimentary Control. Agricultural operations may qualify for a conservation program with the applicable soil and water conservation district. An approved conservation program would be an exclusion to Chapter 10. Questions may be referred to Robyn Matsumoto at 961-8924. Planning Dept. Exhibit. County of Hawaii is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer O�NITTf:k$ q. GA OAl �..•'.•' •.,,y k�F { t I9; ]•19 'o DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY COUNTY OF HAWAVI �••- •': 345 KEKUANAO'ASTREET, SUITE 20 HILO, HAWAI'I 96720 of rinaa��. TELEPHONE (808) 961-8050 • FAX (808)961-8657 March 13, 2024 COH PLANNING DEPT MAR 15 2024 PH2:30 TO: Mr. Zendo Kern, Director Planning Department REC'D HAND DELIVERED FROM: Keith K. Okamoto, Manager-Chief Engineer SUBJECT: Special Management Area Use Permit Application (PL-SMA-2023-000043) Applicant - Stephen and Cheryl Winter Request - Development of a Farm Which Includes a Pasture, Fencing, Barn, Greenhouse, Farm Dwelling, Caretakers Cottage, and Related Development Tax Map Key (3) 4-5-002:016 and 080 We have reviewed the subject request and have the following comments and conditions. Water is provided to the subject parcels through an existing 6-inch waterline along Nanaina Kai Road_ Each subject parcel is served by an existing 5/8-inch meter, which is limited to an average usage of 400 gallons per day. Please be informed that no additional water is available as the water availability in the area can only provide one (1) 5/8-inch meter, per lot of record. The Department has no objections to the proposed application, subject to the applicant's understanding and accepting that the Department cannot provide additional water beyond the existing services. The existing services shall be for the proposed dwellings. The applicant has noted that non-potable water will be provided via a private well source. As there will be agricultural activities and a non-potable water source, a reduced pressure type backflow prevention assembly must be installed within five (5) feet of each meter on private property. The installation of which must be inspected and approved by our Department. Lastly, for the applicant's information, the water system plumbing between the dwellings or the non- potable well shall not be interconnected in any way. Planning Dept. Exhibit 7 . . . Water, Our Most (,Precious 1Z,esource. . . Wo `fNai,4 7Kgne. . . The Department of Water Supply is an Equal Opportunity provider and employer. Mr. Zendo Kern, Director Page 2 March 13,2024 Should there be any questions,please contact Mr. Ryan Quitoriano of our Water Resources and Planning Branch at (808) 961-8070, extension 256. Sincerely yours, Keith K. Okamoto, P.E. Manager-Chief Engineer RQ:dfg copy—Mr. Stephen and Ms. Cheryl Winter Mr. Sidney Fuke, Planning Consultant PBR HAWAII& Associates, Inc. SidneyFuke, Planning Consultant P.O.Box 1345 •Hilo,Hawai'i 96720 •Planning•Variance•Zoning Cell:(808)989-0640 •Subdivision•Land Use Permits E-mail:sidneyfuke@gmail.com •Environmental Reports March 11, 2024 Mr. Zendo Kern, Director Planning Department COUNTY OF HAWAI'I 101 Pauahi Street Hilo, HI 96720 Dear Mr. Kern: Subject: SMA Request (PL-SMA-2023-000043) Applicant: Stephen and Cheryl Winter Hamakua,Hawai i,TMK 4-5-002: 016 and 080 This is in response to various agency comments that were uploaded into your EPIC system to date. State Office Planning and Sustainable Development ("SOP"): The SOP provided five comments. • The first sought more information regarding the size of the proposed structures and development timing of the project. This information is found in my letter, dated November 14, 2023, wherein the Applicant's Agricultural Program and Proposed Structures were discussed. The site plan showing the proposed location of the planned structures and their height was included in the submittal. To reiterate, all structures would be single-story with a height of less than 25 feet, which is considerably lower than the maximum 45 feet allowed in the Agricultural zone. The Applicants intend to proceed with the project immediately upon securing the subject SMA Permit and intends to complete it within a five year period, given the time needed to secure the required building permits and construction period. It should be noted that the Applicants have already received approval of their grading permit application for the farming activity from the Department of Public Works. However, they have and will defer its implementation pending action on this SMA Permit application. • The proposed cattle fence running laterally near the top of the pali will be constructed at or beyond 40 feet from the certified shoreline. The shoreline map, which was provided your office earlier,has already been submitted to the State and is pending certification. • The Applicants understand and accept that if any inadvertent archaeological or cultural resources are discovered during the construction phase of the project, Planning Dept. Exhibit_,_ Mr. Zendo Kern, Director March 11, 2024 Page 2 work must cease until appropriate clearances from the State Historic Preservation Division ("SHPD") have been secured. This is a standard condition that is attached to all discretionary permits issued by the Planning Commission and will be complied with by the Applicants. • As noted earlier,the Applicants have already secured approval of their grading permit which included appropriate erosion control measures to prevent any coastal runoff. Notwithstanding that approval, the Applicants have already initiated discussions with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Services ("NRCS")to seek further assistance and guidance in their land and resource management program. • Finally,the Applicants are aware of issues with artificial lighting and it impacts to avian and marine life. This was extensively covered in my letter of February 9, 2024, responding to comments from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services. State Department of Land and Natural Resources "DLNR"): Its Hawai'i District Land Division had no comments. Its Engineering_ �Division recited the applicable rules relating to the National Flood Insurance Program on projects located within the Special Flood Hazard Area. This is not applicable in this case, as the site has been designated"X" on FEMA's Flood Insurance Rate Map. Its Office of Conservation and Coastal Land noted that both the construction of the lateral fence and removal of invasive species are consistent with its rules. However, it requests more detailed information on the invasive species removal before providing the appropriate clearances. The fence, however, will require a Conservation District Use Permit issued by the Chair of the Board of DLNR. They will be addressed following action on this SMA Permit Application. State Department of Health ("DOH"): The DOH recited its appropriate rules governing matters such as fugitive dust, noise, wastewater, hazard mitigation, and the like. Please note that during the construction phase of the project,the Applicants' and/or their contractors will abide by the pertinent rules governing fugitive dust and noise. The site has historically not been used in a manner that would have left residual environmental hazards (such as underground fuel storage tank). However, if such is found to be present, appropriate remediation and environmental clearances from the DOH will be secured. Wastewater will be disposed in a septic system meeting with the approval of the DOH. County Department of Public Works ("DPW"): The DPW confirmed the site's FIRM designation of"X". It added that securing approval of a conservation program from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil and Water Conservation Mr. Zendo Kern, Director March 11, 2024 Page 3 Services District would obviate the need for a grading permit pursuant to Chapter 10 of the Hawai'i County Code. As noted in the response to SOP, despite the Applicants having received approval of their grading permit application,they are still being more proactive by meeting with the NCRS to seek further guidance and assistance in their land and resource conservation efforts. Police Department: The Police Department noted that it did not "anticipate any significant impact to traffic and/or public safety concerns. " I trust that the above adequately responds to these agencies' comments. If not or if there are further questions or additional agency or public comments, please let me know. Thank you very much! incerely kk SIDNEY M. FUKE Planning Consultant Copy—Stephen Winter via email