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• Coastal Flood Zones with 3.2 feet of sea level rise—Tetra Tech, Inc. for The State of <br /> Hawaii 2018 Hazard Mitigation Plan, Hawaii Emergency Management Agency <br /> • Sea Level Rise Under Passive Flooding with 3.2 feet of sea level rise—University of <br /> Hawaii Coastal Geology Group <br /> Closing Thoughts <br /> The Environmental Precautionary Principle (EPP) establishes a need to act in favor of <br /> environmental protection when there is uncertainty' (Akins et al. 2019). Akins et al. described <br /> the need to expand beyond the EPP to a universal precautionary principle (UPP) "which <br /> recognizes people's connection to the land, and elevates community, cultural, and economic <br /> wellbeing as equally important values alongside environmental concerns" (2019, 1). Aside from <br /> cleaning up the disastrous outcome of a previously failed development project,this SMA does <br /> not provide substantial entrepreneurial, residential, environmental, or cultural benefit to the <br /> people of Ka`u. If a universal precautionary principle were applied in this situation, I know that <br /> this development would not be approved. Who benefits from this development? It is not the <br /> environment, the people of Ka`u(if so, very, very few), or the ancestral and cultural sites. <br /> I humbly ask that the County take into account their own and associated state policies and <br /> objectives currently in place to protect and support these communities when making a decision <br /> on this SMA. <br /> Mahalo nui, <br /> r 1 tw <br /> Dr. Gina McGuire <br /> s Akins,A.,Lyver,P.O.B.,Alroe,H.F.,and Moller,H. 2019.The Universal Precautionary Principle:New Pillars <br /> and Pathways for Environmental,Sociocultural,and Economic Reslience. Sustainability 11.DOI: <br /> 10.3390/sul 1082357. <br />