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2.Background
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<br /> Figure 8.Extent of Kona Field System(shaded gray)with the location of the project area.
<br /> Situated between the kuaiwi were other traditional features,some of which were used for planting and habitation
<br /> such as mounds, terraces, modified outcrops, and platforms. In describing the method of planting sweet potatoes in
<br /> rocky places, such as Kona,Fornander(1919-1920:164)stated:
<br /> Planting in rocky places was called makaili.There was very little soil proper,the greater portion[of
<br /> the field]being gravel,with rocks all around. There were also large holes resembling banana holes.
<br /> Upon the sprouting of the potato vines gravel and stones are piled up around them,and by the time
<br /> the hole was covered thick with leaves,the potatoes were large and grooved;they were ridge-formed
<br /> but not very sweet;they were somewhat tasteless and insipid;not very palatable.
<br /> The Kona Field System is generally considered a dryland complex; however, water control features, such as
<br /> `auwai and modified waterholes,have been documented in areas where intermittent streams were present(Allen 1984;
<br /> Kawachi 1989;Rechtman et al.2003;Schilt 1984).Historically,the various fields that make up the Kona Field System
<br /> were thought to be a cohesive unit (Newman 1974), however, recent research and interpretation suggest the field
<br /> system was more dynamic with distinct agro-ecological zones(Lincoln and Ladefoged 2014). Additionally,the field
<br /> system is believed to have expanded as the regional population increased and the Hawaiian socio-political system
<br /> became more centralized(Horrocks and Rechtman 2009;Rechtman et al.2001).This field system was a major source
<br /> of food for the Island of Hawai`i as evidenced by written accounts from early European explorers and played a central
<br /> part in Hawai`i's Precontact economy.
<br /> Given the lack of major surface streams in this geologically young district,the Kona Field System relied primarily
<br /> on rainfall,supplemented with innovative localized horticultural techniques(Lincoln and Ladefoged 2014).Observing
<br /> the natural world for signs of impending rain was a skill that were mastered by some of Kona's ancient farmers.
<br /> Kekahuna documented the following short story of an old farmer named Kauako`eko`e,who lived in the neighboring
<br /> lands of Kahalu`u, a short distance southwest of the project area. Among other important lessons, the story of
<br /> Kauako`eko`e reveals the wisdom held by some of Kahalu`u's ancient farmers in knowing their local environment
<br /> and seasonal patterns,even when it is not evident to others.Kekahuna(1954:1)related that:
<br /> In the days of old an old farmer named Ka-ua-ko`e-ko`e lived at the seashore. Just above his abode
<br /> he had a large planting field(ko`ele)in which he planted sweet-potatoes and other crops.
<br /> Once, during a very dry season, people were surprised to see him planting potato leaf-tops (ka—
<br /> `uala). Loudly they called out in derision: "How foolish are you to plant potatoes during this dry
<br /> season!" ("wahahe`e no ho`i kau kanu `uala i ke kau la!")/ But the old farmer only answered
<br /> enigmatically, as he kept on with his work: "The rain is hovering over my back!" ("Ke haawe nei
<br /> ka u ai ke kua!")
<br /> 14 CIA for the Ld'Ipala Makai Planned Unit Development,Kapala`alaea 2,North Kona,Hawai i
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