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International Journal for Research in Engineering Application&Mana ement JREAM 0 ISSN:2454-9150 Study of Acoustic Waves for Fire Extinguishment: A Review Prof.S.R.Gore,Jay Uday Panchpor,Sumedh Mandar Vaidya and Kaivalya Sunil Patkar t Department of Mechanical Engineering,MIT College of Engineering,Pone,Maharashtra,India Department of Mechanical Engineering,MIT College of Engineering,Pone,Maharashtra,India Department of Mechanical Engineering,MIT College of Engineering,Pone,Maharashtra,India Department of Mechanical Engineering,MIT College of Engineering,Pone,Maharashtra,India Abstract- The need for innovation and modernization in fire extinguishing techniques is extremely necessary.Accidents caused due to fire are disastrous and can lead to irreversible losses. With the rising amount of dangers to the environment in various aspects, it is essential to avoid as much damage as possible. The existing techniques have been created considering only their efficiency in extinguishing fires and not considering the harms they can cause to the environment. Another area of concern is the disasters caused by fire accidents in space. The use of traditional chemical extinguishers in space is necessary to be avoided as much as possible.Study shows that sound waves could be one of the potential alternatives for extinguishing fires. Research is necessary in the development of a similar practical method of fire extinguishing and analyzing which frequency of sound waves gives optimum results. A possible reason for the flame extinguishment due to sound waves can be that the continuously altering high and low pressure waves when coupled with high airflow velocity cause disruptions in the air fuel ratio at the flame boundary which leads to diminishing of the boundary. Keywords:Fire Extinguishment,Sound Waves,Frequency,Environment Safety,Space Introduction- opposite direction to, the direction of propagation of the wave.They produce compressions and rarefactions Current extinguishers contain different kinds of as they propagate through any medium. Acoustic chemicals depending upon their application. Generally, (longitudinal) waves interact with each other. This they are pressurized with Nitrogen or Carbon-dioxide interaction can be expressed in two different (CO2) and when this pressure released on the fire, it categories: constructive and destructive interference. extinguishes the fire. There are many such When these waves are superimposed on each other, asphyxiating and extinguishing agents like water, the total resultant amplitude gives the soundpressure potassium bicarbonate,foam etc.All these agents have or particle displacement at the point of interaction.The a common property of leaving by-products (for dry resultant phase of the wave cancels or amplifies points chemical-based fire extinguishers)behind it.The waste along the wave. Sound waves consist of a recurring materials generated by these methods can be toxic and pattern of high-pressure and low-pressure regions their harmful effects are something that were never moving through a medium. The compressions are given a thought to. Innovative methods are necessary regions of high air pressure while the rarefactions are to minimize the generation of this waste. To deal with regions of low air pressure. fire,we need to have extensive information about fire and its working on the Earth and in space. Effect of Sound Waves on Fire- Fire- The idea of fire being affected by sound waves was Fire is basically a chemical reaction which has discovered as early as in 1858 by the American fluctuating degrees of heat and light. It can sustain scientist, John LeConte. In 1900, a German physicist, itself until it is deprived of any of its source Heinrich Rubens demonstrated the effect of sound materials.Fires need a combustible, inflammable waves on fire through his experiment known as the material source and a sufficient amount of oxidizing Ruben's Tube. It is necessary to understand first that agentto start.When this mixture comes in contact with acoustic or sound waves are basically longitudinal a source of heat, a chain reaction takes place due to pressure waves.They tend to move in a back-and-forth rapid oxidation. Fire consists of four elements: fuel, (vibrating) motion so as to propagate.This motion can oxygen and a heating element in a proper mixture and thus be utilized to drive away oxygen molecules from a chemical chain reaction. These four elements are the fuel, thus extinguishing the flame. Secondly, as we collectively referred to as the Flame Tetrahedron.Fire know the Ideal Gas Law states that the change in can be extinguished when it isdeprived of any one of pressure is directly proportional to the change in these elements. Asphyxiating agents deprive fire of temperature (PV= nRT),when the pressure waves are oxygen,thus extinguishing it. directed at the source of the fire,they will decrease the pressure at the source and in turn decrease the Application of Acoustic Waves- temperature of the fire.Promising research and studies Longitudinal waves are the waves in which in this field were first carried out by DARPA (Defense displacement occurs in the same direction as, or in the Advanced Research Projects Agency) in USA. They 221 AMET_0006 @ MIT College of Engineering,Pune,Vol.04,Special Issue AMET-2018 DOI:10.18231/2454-9150.2018.1391