HomeMy WebLinkAboutSugg. 25-02 Revised—12-08-2024
COUNTY, ._ _..... I"' Reserved for office use:
Public Access, Open Space, and (Natural Resource Preservation Commission
Bugg.##2: -02
SUGGESTION FORM Rec"d 1/291/25 via email
For Lands and/or Property Entitlements for Acquisition 9:29am
The (public Access, Open Space, and INatuural Resources Preservation Commission (P01NC) is accepting suggestions
for sites or projects to improve uipon public access, open space, and natural resources preservation, pursuant to
Chapter 2, Article 42, of the l-lae ai"li Couinty, Code. Please use this form to tell the Commission about a (property
that you Would) like to see protected', The Commission welcomes re-submission of prevri rusly submitted properties,.
Please use one form per suggestion and limit total application size to less than 10 NAB(megabytes)or 20 pages max-
imum (inicluiding (photos, maps, and figures.. If adjacent or nearby areas are protected and/or publlic areas, include
regional reaps aswell). Adlditioinall public testimony may be submitted to exceed the 20 page imaximum. The
Commission's ranking of the suggestion is based on the information provided in this suggestion form and Ilhow it meets
the PO,NIC scoring ciriiterlia and not sollelly on the expression of Ipubliic support or opposition.
Name of Site or IPiroCiect: Ku rrlo'o Ahupua' i
Alhupua"a,Council) District,and LocationWithin: Council District 7
Tax Map Key(TIVIK),Number(s): ; -7- -5- , 3-7- - -15, 3- -' -5-5 Land Area('acreage): 76.991
Property Owner linformation:
�IilUrna ,Jan Frariis Truest, George A. Schattau r Jr.,Nlame�s�: Email:
Alayna gore s, Kainaliu Properties, IILIL
Address: Phone:
To your know rledge, is the property owner aware of this nomination? eyes ONIo OUnsure
Suggested Purchase Method: C 11Conserw#atioin ILa ernent QFee Simple 00their
Nlominators Contact Information:
Nlame(s): Edward Il apo a Emalll:
Address: Phone:
Reason for nomination of property(please check all(boxes that apply)
Public outdoor recreation and education, inclludung access to beaches and mountains
0 Preservation of historic or culturally important land)areas and sites
0 Protection of niatuural resources, significant hiabitat or ecosystems, including,buffer zones
2 Preservation of forests,including beaches,coastal areas„ natural beauty, and agricultural (lands
Protection of vratershed lands to preserve water quality and water supply
Hawai"ii County is an Equal Opportunity ProOder and Employeir
Page I of d,
ADDITIONAL REQUIRED INFORMATION
Please provide the information requested below. The information shall be attached to this form and appropriately labeled
with the name of the identifying attachment.
➢ Attachment A: Provide a Tax Map Key Plat map and a property map with the property boundaries and/or proposed
access outlined or highlighted. Confirm the council district by contacting the County Clerk's Office at: (808)961-8277
or visit hops://www.elections.hawaiicounty. ov/resources/mans.
➢ Attachment B: Provide a clear statement detailing how public acquisition would fulfill one or more of the above
resource values. Explain the intent, long-term vision, and/or strategy of this proposed acquisition or project.
➢ Attachment C: If available, provide community letters of support or endorsements for this proposed acquisition o r
project.
➢ Attachment D: Identify and provide contact information of community organizations, land trusts, or individuals will-
ing to be part of this property's long-term management/maintenance.
➢ Attachment E: Please answer the following ten points by providing summaries and/or abstracts(rather than full re-
ports). Include, if necessary, citations or links to reference the documentation related to the suggested site or project.
Do not send original documents or pictures as they will not be returned.
1) How would this proposed acquisition or project benefit the general public?
2) Describe any significant historic, cultural, or natural resources on the property. Please be as specific as possible
and include only a summary of documentation (i.e., archaeological reports, flora/fauna surveys, etc.).
3) Describe (and include maps if available) any significant relationship to larger historical, cultural, and/or natural
landscape (i.e., corridors, complexes, agricultural field systems, conservation strategies etc.)
4) Describe the level of urgency (i.e., the property is currently on the open market or for sale and if so, for how
long,there are current development plans,the property has an active filed application for re-zoning/subdivi-
sion, is an area of high public use, etc.).
5) Describe any special opportunities for acquisition that presently exist (special funding available, etc.).
6) Have partnerships with other government agencies or private or nonprofit entities been identified to leverage
resources(funding,grants, managing partnerships)?2 Yes ❑ No ❑Unknown. If yes, please describe.
7) Is/Are the property(s) or property easement(s) available for acquisition? 2Yes ❑No ❑Unknown.
If yes, please describe.
8) Are there any covenants, encumbrances, restrictions (i.e., association or maintenance), or easements on the
property? ❑ Yes 2 No ❑ Unknown If yes, please describe.
9) Describe any known hazards on the property (i.e., flood zone, lava hazard zone, mudslides, pollution, etc.).
Hawai'i County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer
Page 2 of 3
SUBMISSION INSTRUCTIONS
The Suggestion form and attachments may be submitted via email to PONgShawaiicounty. ov, or you may mail (USPS,
Fed Ex, UPS, etc.) it to:
County of Hawai'i
Property Management-PONC
25 Aupuni Street,Suite 1101
Hilo,Hawai'i 96720—4252
ii nominations must be received by 4:30 p.m. oin January 31, 2025, as evidenced I y tlhe County of III°iawaiil
time dock, Ps"'r The Commission wiH not review any submissions received after the deadine.
We are not uresponsiNe for forms lost in the mail
For further information,contact Property Management Division at (808)961-8069 or PONC _ hawaiicount ov
Hawai'i County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer
Page 3 of 3
M A F 9� L "n 40 SOH II:pN II
LO
10
o(51
N v V
h mll �o-m�
r P a O I J � n X i �09 III .._.--••--� $
X �
w ( a
mu m 2
\ y z P N 01
0
w II 4
roil n N
0
. I
N I�
n I;
oa 4 t
� I Q
Om
e
Pm o ro � ,y; zlu N a pJ
0 a � a• � E � N \
0U N Q W @ W
m u. DRIVE
a �u. III
In
v
ti �� ce
V p py^
1r w�
N p
roll (((((( I¢• m m
Til,.,
n P 1
a � �N
" II
�tl SkPFF Fu �N
Nu k
FE a�
5 O
2� Q
a
oll g i
MII o
i
PONC SUGGESTION FORM
KUAMO'O AHUPUA'A
Statement for Public Access, Open Space, and Natural Resource Preservation
Suggestion Form
The acquisition of the five parcels, totaling 76.99 acres in the Kuamoo Ahupuaa, would
fulfill multiple purposes under the Public Access, Open Space, and Natural Resource
Preservation Fund. These properties, offered collectively, present significant
opportunities for public outdoor recreation, historic preservation, and natural resource
protection.
Purpose Fulfillment:
1. Preservation of Historic and Culturally Important Land Areas:
The properties are historically significant as the site of the 1819 Battle of
Kuamo'o, marking a pivotal moment in Hawaiian history. The parcels include
numerous archaeological features, such as burial mounds, lava tube burials, and
the well-preserved heiau (Lonohelemoa and Pio'a). Protecting these sites ensures
the preservation of Hawaiian cultural heritage and offers opportunities for public
education.
2. Protection of Natural Resources and Ecosystems:
The parcels contain diverse natural features, including lava tubes, trails, and intact
coastal landscapes, which serve as vital habitats for native species. The
preservation of these areas would maintain ecological balance, provide natural
buffer zones, and prevent potential environmental degradation from
development.
3. Public Outdoor Recreation and Education:
The properties' proximity to existing trails and coastal areas offers opportunities
for developing hiking paths, interpretive signage, and educational programs. This
would enhance public access to cultural landmarks and natural beauty, promoting
community engagement and awareness of Hawaiian history and ecosystems.
4. Preservation of Scenic Beauty and Agricultural Lands:
The parcels, with their blend of mauka and makai features, provide breathtaking
views and contribute to the area's natural beauty. Maintaining these lands under
public stewardship preserves their visual and environmental value while ensuring
the potential for low-impact uses, such as community agriculture, aligns with
traditional land practices.
Attachment B
PONC SUGGESTION FORM
KUAMO'O AHUPUA'A
Intent and Long-Term Vision:
The intent of acquiring these parcels is to safeguard their historical, cultural, and natural
significance while ensuring responsible public access and educational opportunities. The
long-term vision includes developing a managed cultural preserve that:
• Serves as a living monument to Hawaiian history.
• Protects archaeological and natural resources.
• Educates visitors and residents on the rich cultural legacy and ecological
importance of Kuamoo.
Strategy:
A phased approach is proposed, prioritizing:
1. Establishing partnerships with cultural organizations, ecological preservation
groups, and educational institutions.
2. Developing a comprehensive preservation and land management plan, including
archaeological and ecological studies.
3. Implementing low-impact public access infrastructure to balance preservation
and community use.
This strategic acquisition aligns with the overarching goals of the Public Access, Open
Space, and Natural Resource Preservation Fund by ensuring that these lands remain an
invaluable public resource for future generations.
Attachment B
�ff 'rrr' TRUST FOR
i PUBLIC
�IIIII��' LAND'
HAWAI ` I
1164 Bishop St., Ste. 1512
Honolulu, HI 96813
tl.®rg
Edward J. Rapoza
75-5705 Kuakini Hwy. #4
Kailua Kono, HI 96740
Email: ed(cDedrapoza.com
Re: Support for the protection and purchase of Kuamo'o Ahupua'a, South Kona, Hawai'i Island
To Whom It May Concern:
Trust for Public Land strongly supports the Kuamoo/South Kona community's effort to purchase and protect
Kuamo'o Ahupua'a (76.99 acres., TMKs (3) 7-9-005:004, 005, 014, 015, and 089) in Kuamo'o, South Kona,
Hawai'i Island as long as the current landowner(s) are willing to sell these properties.
An abundant landscape rich in cultural and natural resource, Kuamo'o Ahupua'a provides habitat for native
species, is home to vast cultural resources including Lonohelemoa and Pio'a heiau, and is part of the landscape
where the 1819 Battle of Kuamo'o took place. Protecting Kuamo'o Ahupua'a will solidify protection and
preservation of these cultural and natural resources, safeguarding this special wahi pana.
Trust for Public Land is national land conservation non-profit organization that is dedicated in protecting land
for people. Since the late 1970s, Trust for Public Land has protected over 77,000 acres of'aina (land) and over
52 special places in Hawai'i. In 2015, TPL, Aloha Kuamo'o 'Aina, and the South Kona community worked
together to protect a portion of the 1819 Kuamo'o battlegrounds and its cultural and natural resources. We
strongly support the community's efforts to protect these culturally, historically, and naturally rich spaces.
If you should have any questions or concerns about this letter of support, please feel free to contact me.
Mahalo,
Lea Hong,
Assoc. VP & Hawaiian Islands State Director
Trust for Public Land
1164 Bishop Street, Suite 1512
Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
Phone: 808-783-3653
Email: lea.hong@tpl.org
Jim Medeiros Sr.
Ed Rapoza, President
Island Land Company
75-5705 Kuakini Hwy., Suite 4
Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740
January 17, 2025
Aloha Ed,
I was very happy last year when you proposed to submit to the Hawaii County Open
Space Commission a proposal to include 58 acres (TMKs: (3) 7-9-005:008, 009, 039, and
040) in Honalo Ahupua`a on their list of culturally significant lands to purchase for
preservation, so that these lands might be enjoyed by Hawaii residents and our many visitors
for all time.The amount of time and effort you put into that proposal was truly awe-
inspiring.
Now you are coming forth with another proposal just south of last year's parcel that is
equally important to the preservation of the history of Kuamo'o.The acquisition of the five
parcels, totaling 76.99 acres in the Kuamo'o Ahupua'a,would fulfill multiple purposes under
the Public Access, Open Space, and Natural Resource Preservation Fund.
These lands of Kuamo'o are central to the Hawaiian experience of radical cultural
change, brought about by our meeting head-on with the people and customs of European
society.A great battle took place there in i8i9 between Liholiho's forces under Kalaimoku
and those of Kekuaokulani,who were making their last stand on or near this property in
defense of the traditional kapu system. It is said that Kekuaokalani, his wife Manono, and
several of their supporters were slain and buried near these coastal parcels. Many Hawaiians
died and were buried all over these lands. I am directly descended from some of these
people.When lands like these are preserved in perpetuity, it brings some peace to our hearts
and minds and hope for a future where our children and grandchildren will know where they
came from and who they are. I can't thank you enough for your efforts.
The land is so important to growing our Hawaiian dream of preserving the properties in
Kuamo'o ahupua'a and southward for coming generations to enjoy. Numerous cultural
features including,heiau, burials, lava tubes, and habitation and agricultural features exist on
those parcels.When walking the old trail that passes through these parcels, one can feel the
presence of the spirits.This is so important.The cultural landscape survives here, and we
should try with all our strength to save it, to malama the land. I'm sure that this is what the
people of this island want. Of course there will be growth, but we need to keep these most
special places intact or we will sacrifice what Kona is all about—the reason that people from
around the world come here, and the reason many stay.This proposal to acquire these lands
aligns with the central goals of the Public Access, Open Space, and Natural Resource
Preservation Fund by ensuring that they remain an invaluable public resource for future
generations.
I am a descendant of these lands, and I want my ancestors to rest easy. I want my
grandchildren to be able to malama the graves, to clean away rubbish and place offerings for
their ancestors,who fought a great battle on these lands—a battle over what should be
sacred and what should have to change.
Isn't it interesting that we all continue to fight that same battle, over what should be
sacred and what should change?The battle to preserve or develop. Our battle today is, on
the surface, a civilized one, and no one has to die. But our modern-day battle is no less
significant.With every parcel like this one that is steeped in Hawaiian history and lost, the
communal Hawaiian heart and soul is weakened and fractured and our hopes for the future
compromised.This soul is valued not only by Hawaiians alone but by all who love Hawaii.
I hope the County can see it that way.Thank you so much, Ed, for your work.
Sincer y,
Jim Medeiros Sr.
PROWr
IeEO
10MANA )k
P.O. Box 166, Honaunau, Hawaii 96726
808-345-9229
konaj ack@earthlink.net
January 17, 2024
Ed Rapoza, President
Island Land Company
75-5705 Kuakini Hwy., Suite 4
Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 9674o
Aloha Ed,
Thank you so much for letting us know about your plan to apply to the County's
Public Access, Open Space, and Natural Resources Preservation Commission asking
the County to acquire five parcels totaling 76.99 acres in the Kuamo'o Ahupua'a.
Protect Keopuka Ohana, a coalition of environmental activists and Hawaiian
cultural practitioners active in the Kona community for the last 23 years, strongly
supports your application.
Acquisition of this property would substantially support the ongoing drive to
preserve the coastal corridor south of Keauhou all the way to Kealakekua Bay.This
area is highly significant to the history and culture of Hawaii.The future
recreational, environmental, and educational opportunities that would accompany
preservation of these parcels are enormous.
The Keauhou-Kainiliu Beach Trail passes through these parcels and provides the
pedestrian access needed to bring to fruition those opportunities.The path is also
part of the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail,which provides access to many
recreational and cultural sites along its route to the north and south.The trail is
already preserved from Keauhou all the way to Kealakekua Bay, and managed by the
State of Hawaii's Na Ala Hele program, as well as by the federal government.
These properties are presently available for purchase collectively, providing a
unique opportunity that needs to be taken seriously and acted upon.
With the listing for acquisition last year by the Commission of the 58-acre
property (TMKs: (3) 7-9-005:008, 009, 039, and 040) to the north of these parcels,
the County would be contributing to the preservation of this corridor in a big way.
Our community's dream of public pedestrian access through a preserved corridor
of one of the most significant stretches of historic Hawaiian lands would be well on
the way to fruition.
We cannot overstate the importance of the County's acting swiftly to help make
this plan a reality.
We understand that in time, the wide-open spaces along the Mamalahoa By-Pass
Highway south of Keauhou will be subject to development. Let's make the smart
move now to ensure open space along the coast— to give peace for those from the
past who rest here, for the continued practice of traditional Hawaiian cultural
activities, and for the future enjoyment and reflection of all residents and visitors to
Kona for all time.
Mahalo
Jack Kelly
Vice-President
Protect Keopuka Ohana
AS; M
11
�Mfflillf
i i''i,M MM I I
ob AM
Archaeology-Architectural History-History-Ethnography-GIs
January 24, 2025
County of Hawaii
Public Access, Open Space, and Natural
Resources Preservation Commission(PONC)
25 Aupuni Street, Suite 2603
Hilo,Hawaii 96720
Re: Letter in support of the PONC acquisition of a roughly 77-acre property (TMKs: (3) 7-9-005:004,
0005, 014, 015,and 089) located in Md'ihi 1st and Kuamo`o Ahupua`a,North Kona District,Island
of Hawaii.
Dear PONC members:
I am writing to you today as the Director of ASM Affiliates (a Hilo based heritage management firm), the
Chair of the County of Hawaii Cultural Resources Commission, and a resident of Hawaii Island, to let
you know that I strongly support the PONC acquisition of a roughly 77-acre property(comprised of TMKs:
(3) 7-9-005:004, 0005, 014, 015, and 089) located in Md'ihi Ist and Kuamo`o Ahupua`a, North Kona
District, Island of Hawaii. I previously participated in the fieldwork for two separate archaeological
surveys of the subject parcels, and I am very familiar the exptional natural, cultural, and recreational
resources that the property contains. The parcels encompass a mostly intact and impressive cultural
landscape that includes traditional habitation complexes, ceremonial structures, trails, numerous burials
features, widespread evidence of landscape modification for traditional agricultural, lava tubes, and other
historic ranching related structures. The PONC purchase of the property would help preserve this amazing
cultural landscape for the benefit of future generations.
The lands encompassed by the parcels are also of great historical significance and are an intergal part of
Kona's heritage landscape,where the battle of Kuamo`o occurred in December of 1819.That decisive battle
between Liholiho's (Kamehamcha II's) forces under the direction of Kalaimoku and forces defending the
traditional kapu system under the direction of Kekuaokulani,marks a major event in the course of Hawaiian
history. Kalaimoku's forces ultimately prevailed and the traditional kapu system was abolished. It is said
that Kekuaokalani,his wife Manono,and several of their supporters were slain as they made their last stand
at the coast of this property, and that is where they were buried.
The parcels are adjacent to a roughly 47-acre coastal property that was previously purchased by a 501(c)(3)
nonprofit organization (Aloha Kuamo`o `Aina) in 2015 to help protect a portion of the 1819 Kuamo`o
battlefield from development. The PONC purchase of the property would help expand that effort and
provide increased protection for this important battlefield site. The property also includes a section of a
historic trail alignment that extends along the coast of Hawai'i Island and has been incorporated into the
Na Ala Hele and Ala Kahakai State and National Historic Trail Systems. The PONC purchase of this
property would help protect the battlefield site and trail.
I strongly support the PONC acquisition of this property, and think that it should be ranked highly on the
list of potential purchase properties since its resource values perfectly match the purposes of the Public
Access, Open Space and Natural Resources Preservation Fund. Purchase of the property will provide
increased opportunities for public outdoor recreation and education, coastal access, and the preservation of
a culturally important landscape that contains many significant historic sites. I know that there will be
widespread community support for the PONC purchase of these parcels, and the landowner's willingness
507A E. Lanikaula Street,Hilo,Hawai'i 96720-(808)969-6066
820 Mililani St.,Suite 700, Honolulu,Hawaii 96813-(808)439-8089
149 Ma'a St.,Suite 100, Kahului,Hawai'i 96732-(808) 736-6665
www.asmaffiliates.com
January 31,2024
Letter in Support of the PONC Acquisition of TMKs:(3)7-9-005:004,0005,014,015,and 089
Page 2 of 2
to work with PONC will help streamline the process of acquiring the property,ultimately protecting it from
development.
For the reasons listed above,in order to help protect these unique, culturally significant lands, I am asking
you to please rank this property highly and to work towards purchasing the parcels as soon as possible. I
appreciate you taking the time to read this letter, and I look forward to testifying in support of the PONC
purchase of these lands in the future.
Sincerely,
Matthew R. Clark, M.A.
ASM Affiliates
507A E. Lanikaula St.
Hilo,HI 96720
AKA
A]01HA P:Uh"+P.e"iO'0 r"[,4A
P.O. Box 3329
Kona HI 96745
Jan 22, 2025
PONC Review Commitee
Letter of Support for Kuamo`o Ahupuaa Project
Aloha mai kakou
We are Aloha Kuamo`o `Aina (AKA), a local 501C3 Non-profit and a landowner for two TMKs:
TMK 3-7-9-005-003-0000-000; and TMK 3-7-9-005-002-0000-000. AKA is a Hawaii center for
cultural and ecological peace, with a mission to promote aloha `aina as consistent with the mo`olelo
and values of Kuamo`o to achieve justice and peace for Hawai`i's people, environment, and the
world. We steward an important ancestral wahi pana which includes a portion of the Kuamo`o
Battlefield as well as ilina of many kupuna. Although it is not as well known today, the battle of
Kuamo`o was a pivotal turning point in Hawaiian History and something that we continue to
mourn and learn from in our cultural and preservation practices today. Our in-person and online
programs reach over 1,500 people a year, you can learn more about our work on our website
(www.kuamoo.org).
We are writing in full support of the PONC proposal for the Kuamo`o Ahupua`a project. The
cultural preservation of these lands would be a monumental step toward perpetual pono
stewardship of these precious lands and enable our organization and the larger community to
better preserve the precious mo`olelo and places of Kuamo`o. This is a rare opportunity to
preserve such an expansive and culturally significant portion of Hawaii island.
If successful in its application, our organization is willing to enter into an agreement to assist in
cultural relevant stewardship of these lands.
I m�aana no Kuamo`o,
/1 geCG142Qi,
Dr Kamanamaikalani Beamer, E.D. Aloha Kuamo`o `Aina
PONC SUGGESTION FORM
KUAMO'O AHUPUA'A
1. How would the general public benefit from this proposed acquisition or project?
The acquisition of these parcels would provide multiple public benefits, including:
• Preservation of Cultural Heritage: Protecting historic and cultural sites, such as
burial mounds, lava tube burials, and heiau, for future generations.
• Recreational Opportunities: Establishing public access to scenic trails, coastal
landscapes, and potential outdoor education areas.
• Environmental Protection: Preserving native habitats, preventing development
impacts, and maintaining natural buffer zones.
• Community Education: Offering interpretive programs about Hawaii's history,
ecology, and traditional land use practices.
2. Describe any significant historic, cultural, or natural resources on the property.
The parcels contain significant resources, including:
• Archaeological Sites: The 1819 Battle of Kuamo'o burial sites, two heiau
(Lonohelemoa and Pio'a), habitation areas, and historic mauka-makai trails.
• Cultural Importance: Oral histories link the area to pivotal moments in Hawaiian
history, including the abolition of the kapu system.
• Natural Features: Coastal landscapes, lava tubes, and native flora/fauna habitats.
These resources are documented in a detailed archaeological survey conducted by
Rechtman Consulting (2005), which highlights their significance and preservation needs.
3. Describe any significant relationship to larger historical, cultural, and/or natural
landscape.
The parcels are part of the Kuamoo Ahupuaa, a traditional Hawaiian land division with:
• Cultural Corridors: Connected trails that link mauka and makai areas, historically
used for travel and agriculture.
• Historical Complexes: Sites like the heiau and burial mounds are part of a larger
network of culturally significant landmarks.
• Ecosystem Continuity: The area serves as a buffer zone for native coastal habitats
and complements conservation efforts in adjacent lands.
Attachment E
PONC SUGGESTION FORM
KUAMO'O AHUPUA'A
This connection enhances the broader understanding of the region's historical and
ecological importance.
4. Describe the level of urgency.
• On the Market: The properties are currently available as a collective sale,
providing a unique acquisition opportunity.
• Potential for Development: Without intervention, these parcels could face
development, which risks significant loss of historical and cultural resources.
• Immediate Need for Action: The presence of burial sites and archaeological
features necessitates preservation before potential disturbance.
5. Describe any special opportunities for acquisition that presently exist.
• Collaborative Sale: The collective offering by multiple owners presents a rare
opportunity to preserve a contiguous historical and ecological area.
• Funding Potential: Acquisition may qualify for grants under programs focused on
cultural preservation, ecological conservation, and public access development.
• Community Support: Strong community and organizational interest in preserving
the historical and ecological integrity of the area could aid in fundraising efforts.
For further details, documentation such as the archaeological survey by Rechtman
Consulting (2005) can be referenced. This report provides a comprehensive overview of
the site's historical, cultural, and ecological significance.
Attachment E
Kainal�iu Properties, LLC
705 Uluhea Way
Wa�iluku, HI 96793,
January 10, 2025
Re: Kuamo'o Ahupua'a
To whorn it may concern.
We wish to confirm our interest and support in offering our parcels(3-7-9-5-5 and 3-7-8-5-151 to the
County of Hawaii Public Access,Open Space, and Natural Resource Preservation (PONC)effort.
In conjunction with the owners of the other properties—each of whom are family—we feel these
properties together we help to support the mission of the PO NC program nicely and We would be
honored to be considered,
Sincerely,
Roger P. MacArthur
L/, wm,
Mark C.Sirnith
NIC
Managers,
Kainaliu Properties, LLC
Wilma'Fam Paris Trust
Ima jai te Paris,Trustee
P-01.Box 1,36
Kealake.k ,HI 967,50
January 14,2025
Reference. Ku,auto'lo Ahupuaa
'rowiom it,rnay conirern,
My,name is'Wilma lane, Paris and I ana the(,"i1wnt,,r of'T'MK. 3-7-9-5-89 and 5011%,1
ownr,�r of TMK 7-9-5-4 kx:att-d in the ahupua'a of Kttarno'o and Ma'dfl,
I jin irs full support of()ffic-ring o;ui-parcelsto the Cour "of HalAraii Public Acces,5,
Open space,and Natural, Resources Preservation (PONC).
In comirrericle wiffitbe other property owners,who are refative%, we fPP1 thoi L these
propf,,u,,ties together would further supplart the,objectives of idie P'ONC prQg!'ranv,
Rublic Aic 'ram,s,Olpen Spaces,and Natural WD'SiDurces Preservation,
I woulidats(jji be tionored for our 1,mrc,,Pjs to be considered for the PONC program.
Wilma Jane Pams,Trustee
............
Gear e Bch attauer Jr'.
Jar)uary 14 2025
To whorn it niay concerw
My narnle 6S ClElOrge (Keoki) Schattauer Jr, an or ig with AIayna Gornes, We are the owm)rs airnd
rniajnage�s of FMK #, 7-9-OFk,01 4.
I anii aiso a 5011 owner ot "TIAK # 7-9-05 004 in ttie ahupua'a of Kuamo'o and Ma'R,0
I arn iin total upport of off eiTng parc6Cs to the COUnty of Flamed In consuderadoor of the Ha wai�
PubI�c Access, Open Space, and Natural ReSOUrces Preservathon (PONC)
Th,ese prat pertes are ,t-,o in'iportant to the h' tory of K'ona and the re'st of I-IawaiL
Tti,e "Battle of Kuamo'o" took p here, After that battle ended, the "Kapu" systern was
eNi'ni,inated. Thus nia0ig way,for new reHgions, different ways of We, and beliefs to coiine in,
changrng HavvaWs hstory forever,
i s rongty feel that KLjamo'o and MaIha need to be preserved and protected nn perpetUity fOr
WTU're generatnons to iearn from and enjoy
Ttnis h tory is too important to be aost, Rease protect this history by appmv�ng and pron'ioting
th s appkicatlon.
Mahalo,
George Schattauer Jr,,,
ell,
George Schattauer JIr.
Alayna Gomes
OW)We/Maragers
RRECH"1f""MA►N CONSULTINGy LLC.
19(y I q4ox 4149 Kcaau,l.laka,au'i 96749,9710
plume: (808) 966,76.36 fax: (808) 443.0065
c-nuaaI: 4rcab((r rc;cbtInancol'wLuVd1)g-coIII
AK',HA��,�: X)(,WPd,, CMTURAL, Arar)RqTOP[c°A[, 5Ra[ E„
November 3, 2005 RC-0373
Mark Smith
(Trustee for Agnes Smith et al. Trust)
email: mark candy@hotmail.com
Dear Mark:
As requested, Rechtman Consulting, LLC has conducted an archaeological reconnaissance of one parcel
(TMK:3-7-9-005:005) totaling roughly 16.8-acre in Kuamo`o Ahupua`a, North Kona, Island of Hawaii.
As per the scope of work, we: 1) conducted limited background research concerning past archaeological,
cultural, and historical projects and maps of the immediate project area; 2) completed a comprehensive
field inspection of the parcel; and 3)prepared the following narrative and accompanying map describing
the findings of our investigation. The accompanying map depicts the locations of numerous
archaeological features on the parcel. Essentially, the sites seem to be located on the northern half of the
parcel. There is an extensive distribution of habitation and possible burial features on the makai two thirds
of the parcel, and a dense concentration of formal agricultural features on the mauka one third of the
parcel(see accompanying map).
As part of this study we also consulted the following written sources: Maly and Maly (2001); Mills and
Irani(2000), Reinecke (1930); Robbins et al. (2001); Stokes and Dye (1991). Maly and Maly (2001)
conducted an archival and oral historical study of the lands and trails traveled between Keauhou and
Kealakekua. Mills and Irani(2000)performed an archaeological survey of a two mile stretch of the Old
Government Beach Road from Honalo to Honuaino. Reinecke (1930) conducted an archaeological survey
of the entire Kona coastline in 1929 for the Bishop Museum. Robbins et al. (2001) completed an
archaeological inventory survey for the then proposed Mamalahoa Bypass Road(the current road that
borders your mauka property boundary). While they recorded 47 archaeological site during their study,
none appear to have been located on your parcel. Stokes and Dye (1991)is a revised version of the 1909
survey work done by J.F.G. Stokes that documented the lzeiau of Hawaii Island. Stokes identified two
lzeiau(Lonohelemoa and Pu`o`a)makai of your property on the Schattauer parcels.
It is my understanding that you are considering developing this parcel. Such activity would require the
preparation of regulatory documents (dictated by the Hawaii State Department of Land and Natural
Resources and the County of Hawai`i), namely an Archaeological Inventory Survey and subsequent
preservation planning and possible data recovery projects (i.e., Burial Treatment Plan; Historic Sites
Preservation Plan; Data Recovery Plan, fieldwork, and reporting). A ballpark figure for the cost of an
Archaeological Inventory Survey is $40,000, burial treatment planning roughly $10,000, and historic sites
preservation planning about $8,000. It is difficult to estimate data recovery costs without knowing precise
development plans. It is always better(and less expensive) to preserve a site than it is to data recover one.
Thank you for the opportunity to provide you with our services. Should you have any questions, or would
like further information please feel free to contact me.
Regards,
Bob Rechtman,Ph.D.
Principal Archaeologist
RC-0373
2
Barn boo pole w itOa flag
Bamboo pole with flak.
A �
t fl 20 40
m +
ForMal
Scale in meters
uagricultural fields I ;
N ! I
t d
4 I d
a � i
1 f
i t P
w 0
w,t /
1 l,,h:jEN1VC.),
j Enclosure
4
N
Lava tube entrance
ED
13 E3
Platform
Features continue north
E Wall
13
®®o 0 Possible buriall
t
13
® C3 Trail
Q 13
rw j
a
f xterasiw^t f'rcec?ntact 1
h abitation area,more Properly pin
features are present
than are actually shownb9,t �
w f®f isttwr'ic
*011 bottle
t c m Metal lintel in wall
iEll
A
13aarrboo Pole with flag
w
Bamboo pole with Ilati Property r caTaerty pin
Archaeological reconnaissance survey map of'T MK:3-7 €-05.5(Itechtuman Consulting,LLC October 13,2005).
I)a ifiC Pacific Basins — Ilawai`i Islarnd Plamw 808.351.9560
f`g C " 900 Ktu t4:nkoan Street Www.Pacifi l ga yx rn
Hilo, III 6720
Vrfq•wa`y"w-�Ptt bet
Archaeological Inventory Survey of the 59 Acre Kuan"r o'o Property
Post Fieldwork Deport
Pacific Legacy Inc.has ccanaalaletec-1 the fieldwork.phase of its Archaeological In ven•ttoijT Survey
AI:S) of aPproxinaa,ately 59.40 acres of lanai- located within tine rahia;,p.vi a`ra of Kuanaa.ca`o and MA'ihi
2nac , its the Distn ct of North Kona cane the clny leeward coast of the island of IIawwwFai`i [TN4K(3) 7..,
"tlfl:014]. This fieldwork was undertaken het-vveen 1st April 2013 and 1 taw April 2013 and
involved a crew, of five archaeologists.
"The I nannao`o project area covers alalaroxinniately 59.40 acres of land in the ra7l1.r1lr'rataKrl, of Kuananer`o
mid Nl `ihi 2nacl. It is located within the district of North Kona, south of l eax hou flay (Figure
1.)� TIIe land area occupies a single tax nanap parcel: TNIK (3) 7T9-005,014, This parcel is roughly
flag shaped, Although a portion of land at its northwestern comer extends,tetra aai (west) to just
above the Old Governriient Road, the nniajority of the la'arcels nests on the nnncnre raaaavk a slope
stretching irda ncl to the newly c.ornstritc tecl by-pass mace that provides access to the I-lok:ulia
clevelo nnnennt,.
t; tamtu " ...............
t
'ma; ,irm
im5u"kl�i(mND� [ a x
rwm
a Q t ,m ti h
84 A
r
vk v mums: rw t`w -� 1 aN,wv� "" ��iD �'�'�mpy'
5 y ✓' a
y, �t tq
i ,.
t w4 i r
t
wNti e�, o�, w r; 1 r
O ,, bran � mifw w
e pub" i iai k " Z
1 ��rrtatl��
rm�
,v
Ry%r4
s .
3 d m
r
t
a
m
rr,. ,,,1,�!n.N� ":'. fw Ma Y kIP✓ P'A' f M
f
�ww a N � tw
a t
"„ ,
GEND
0 ' IF�vni��t,�mrsa
Figure 1. Location of the Kuarnno`o project area..
Pacific Basin-ti: 'ahu Business Office Bay Area Sierra/Central n.ancaster
30 AuWw,Stieet,,Sake,301 2641 I'1'" y 4 900 Modoc stmeel 491e4 Wmidplay Dom,Ss:ayte 4 44702 nl'ye,Street West
Kxhia,III%734 Po Bo's 6050 Be&eley,CA 94707 Bt Dorado Hill's„CA 95762' I,axicastft,Cry 92534
&)8. 63.48001 Ph ane: Amold.,CA 9,5223 510 5244.3991 Phone 530.677 9713 ll3'knoa 661 729. 395 Ph e
809263.4300 F,= 20ra 795.44St i hose 510.524.4419,Fax 5341677 9762 Fax 661 729.9417 nw"'rix
209.795.1967 Fax
The projec t area extends front approximately 40 to 3,60 feet(12 to 110 ine,ters) in elevation
(Figure 2). It is characterized by gently to somewhat steeply sloping(approxiim-ttely 5' to 25')
terrain with some roug1dy level areas. The entire project area is underlain by lava flows that
spread down fro the slopes of Hualdlai between 5,000 and 11,000 years ago (Wolf and Morris
1 6), These lava flows have created two distinct soil areas within the SAJJ,-%7e,)T parcel, Art
apparently older flow segment covers the northern portion of TNIK (3) 7...9,005:014. This
northern area is characterized by as relatively open soil area with occasional scattered surface
stories. The soils here belong to the Kainalitt series (KDD) of very stony silty clay loants. These
soils range front approximately 10 to 26 inches in thickness and have developed over
fragirientm-y 'a'ij lava (Sato et al. 197.3:23). In contrast, the terrain in the southern portion of the
project area is characterized by areas of exposed 1,wlioelioe lava I-,wch-ock that is broken and
eroding, with large nunibers of loose surface boulders and patches of shallow soil, 'Illese soils
belong to the Wai'aha series (WHC) of extremely stony silt loam. T'liey range froni
approximately 14 to 18 inches thick and have developed over palioelive lava (S'ato et al. 1973:52).
This difference in soil composition between the northern and sotithern portions of the, project
inva appears to have resulted in as difference in traditional land use.
............
....................
7------ 7-77 7--" ...........-...........7..............................
0� 4
'Jt
*APV'k
It% J
%
k,
uF
0 Or
f
N
Owl
%
ILE
0, -0 GEND
Now— Projed Afea
...... .... ....
Figure 2.Topogxaphy of the project area (USGS topographic base map).
The vegetation within the project area consists ahnost entirely of introduced species, Scattered
tree cover includes mattire kia7n, (mesquite, Prosopis opiurna (Pitbecellobboii dislce), and
Ava liav7e(Leitcama lei fcocejAaM) trees. Groundcover is con iposed of ininiature koa liatilt,;� (Loioieiia
Page 2
leucocephala), scattered Lantana (Lantana camara)bushes, other introduced shrubs and various
desiccated grasses. This groundcover has been kept under control by the cattle that presently
graze the area, and the understory is relatively open,limiting the need for clearance during the
survey and greatly assisted the recording of sites.
The present inventory survey identified a total of 62 archaeological sites located throughout the
survey property. Each site was assigned a temporary field number (e.g. T-001) for easy
identification. Once all of the information collected during the survey has been compiled and
reviewed, a list of sites and their descriptions will be submitted to the Hawaii State Historic
Preservation Division(SHPD) which will assign them more permanent State Inventory of
Historic Places (SIHP) site numbers. During the course of fieldwork,the location of each site
was mapped using a hand held global positioning system(GPS). The resulting map of site
distribution is shown in Figure 3. Each site was then documented and photographed. Several
of the more significant sites were mapped in detail.
The weathered pahoehoe lave flow that forms the southern portion of the project area was found
to be extensively modified by the construction of modified outcrops, stone mounds,rough stone
edged and soil filled terraces, and other minor features. Most of the modified outcrops and
mounds may have served as clearance piles. Loose stones,collected off the ground surface,
appear to have been piled atop exposed areas of lava outcrop to clear the surrounding soil.
These open soil areas would then have been used for the planting of crops. The various
mounds and modified outcrops found within this southern area may also have been used as
planting features. Vine crops such as `uala (sweet potato,Ipomoea batatas) and Uhl (yam,
Dioscorea spp.) may have been grown within them. Occasionally,rough alignments of stones
have been placed along the down slope edge of soil pockets creating small soil terraces. These
alignments probably served as retaining walls to better catch and hold the soil. Another
characteristic of this area is the presence of concentrations of battering marks which are present
on some patches of exposed bedrock. These areas of concentrated battering likely represent
locations at which some processing activity,possibly related to agriculture,took place. What
that activity may have been is uncertain.
Modified outcrops,mounds, soil terraces and other apparently agricultural features are spread
throughout the full extent of the pahoehoe lave flow within the boundaries of the project area,
though they are less abundant toward the south where the soil is thinner. Given the density of
these features and the lack of any recognizable divisions within this dryland field system,the
entire complex was assigned a single field number (T-040). During the 2001 archaeological
inventory survey for the adjacent Mamalahoa Bypass Road (Robbins et al. 2001), similar
agricultural features resting within the ahupua`a of Kuamo`o were assigned State Inventory of
Historic Places site number 21244. Features resting within the ahupua`a of Ma`ihi 2 were
assigned site number 21243. Only a small portion of the agricultural features present within the
current 59.40 acre study area extend into Ma`ihi 2. For this reason, and so as not to arbitrarily
divide what is obviously a single continuous archaeological landscape,the entire modified
pahoehoe lave flow will be assigned SIHP site number 21244.
The open soil area that forms the northern portion of the survey area,though not so extensively
modified as the southern portion,was most probably also used for crop cultivation. The soil
here is relatively free of bedrock outcropping and the extensive clearance of surface stone so
evident at Site 21244 would not have been necessary.
Page 3
J)aCj fiC Pacific Basin — Ilawai'i Island Photw 808.351.9560
'LC4g',1Cy 900 Kturittkoa Street WwW.Pacificlegacyx0in
Hilo, 1119672izrsr
TWA
;Q25
f
T-040
LEGEND
Archaeological Site
........ Amhaeollogwcal Site .1 ewe
P ahioeboe Lova
Jeep Road
Prq�nd Area
uAAI I'du
y'
00 0 M 91 711 jw�
-------------
a M, 200 Iwo 41r)r 11011
Figure 3. Site distribution within the Kuarno'o survey area.
Some utounds,niodified outcrops mid rougb soil terraces'%'Vere noted in the, eastern portion of
this soil area where the terrain is steeper and stonier(bites T-017,T-018, T-019,T-020, and T-
021.)', These feat-tires were assigned separate field nrunbers to,allow theni to be easily identified
and located. The rernainder of the soil area was,found to possess no recognizable agricultural
features. Instead, it contained an ahnost contintious light scatter Of Cult teal inaterial, including
niarine shell inidden, weathered coral fragnients, water worn cobbles mid pebbles, and
occasional artifacts. Much of this,cultural material appears to be associated With, mid to have
spread down slope kraut,several possible habitation structures (Sites T-01 2,T-01 6 and T-026)
that are located within the soil area. Two possible burial sites (Sites T-011 and T-014)were also
documented in this area..
At the western end of this soil area, within the"tail" of the flag lot that extends further mi'ikai
than the rest of the survey area,is,located a coniplex of enclosures mid platfornis that appears to
represent a histohc era house site (Site T-003), its,associated corral (Site T-001), mid its boundary
wall (Site,r-002). The presence of traditional artifacts (coral abraders and a basalt adze)
Pacific Basin-0'ahu Business Office Bay Area Sierra/Central 1-ancasteff
30 AuUe Street,Saite,301 22641 Ffwy 4 900 Modoc stmeel 4919 Wmdplay Dom,Sk:dte 4 44702 l0d,Street West
Kxhia,HI%734 PO 130's 6050 Be&eley,CA 94707 FJ Dorado Hills,CA 95762' Laxicastft,CA 92534
M8.2634800 Phatie Amold.,CA 9,5223 5,10524.3991 Phone 530.677.9713 Pho 661729. 395 Phc e
809 263.4300 F,= 209.79,5.4481 Phoae 510.524.4419,Fax 530.677.9762 Fax 661.729.9417 1a"Ax
209 795 1967 Fax
scattered on the ground surface within this area, suggests that the historic homestead was
situated atop an earlier pre-Contact residential area. Located immediately west of this historic
residential complex is a large stone wailed enclosure (Site T-006),which presently contains
within it a wooden ranch shack and associated outhouse.
Located along the boundary between the open soil area and the pahoehoe lava flow are a number
of substantial sites and site complexes. While some of these (Sites T-027 and T-028) appear to be
particularly large and well constructed agricultural soil terraces, others (Sites T-007,T-010 and
T-029) are complexes of stone platforms and terraces that resemble burial monuments and are
similar to those documented within the open soil area. It is not clear whether these burials are
associated with the 1819 Kaua 'al noa (the battle of the free eating) which took place within the
Kuamo`o area, or with the nearby house sites,though the latter seems more likely. Two
habitation terraces (Sites T-008 and T-009) were found adjacent to the burial complexes.
In addition to these structures,the survey revealed the presence of what appear to be two
associated ceremonial structures; a large enclosure that may represent a small heiau or shrine
with an internal platform, and a water worn boulder that may originally have been an upright
image stone (Site T-030),and a platform containing a number of stone edged pits that may have
served as sockets for wooden images (Site T-031). South and west of these two structures,
within the pahoehoe lava flow itself,is located a large enclosure that may represent a heiau with a
notch in its southeastern corner (Site T-033). Similar "notched" heiau have been reported on the
islands of Maui,Lanai,Oahu and Hawaii and form a relatively specific type of traditional
Hawaiian ceremonial architecture (Kolb 1992:23).
The Site T-040 complex,which occupies the entire extent of the pahoehoe lava flow within the
project area,forms a continuous agricultural landscape within which were found a number of
scattered archaeological features that appear to be primarily residential in nature (Sites T-032,T-
034,T-037,T-042,T-043,and T-044). The location of these habitation terraces,platforms and
enclosures,within and among what appear to be formerly cultivated fields,corresponds with
the usual dispersed pattern of traditional settlement in agricultural areas.
In addition to these residential features the survey identified several low stone wails that may
represent the boundaries of agricultural fields (Sites T-024 and T-041), as well as small modified
lava blisters and artificially constructed cupboards that appear to have been utilized as storage
areas (Sites T-035,T-039 and T-045).
The southern portion of the pahoehoe lava flow possesses relatively few agricultural features and
almost no habitation features until one reaches the project area's southern boundary. This
southern boundary is partially delineated by the remnants of an ala pi`i, a traditional mauka to
makai running trail (Site T-048). Bounded on both sides by a low wail of stacked and piled
stones,this foot trail extends from the eastern project boundary,where it has been broken by
the highway corridor,for approximately 250 meters west. It ends at a sizeable complex of
platforms,terraces and enclosures (Site T-049) that appears to represent a traditional kauhale
(residential complex consisting of multiple structures serving different functions). Set on a rise
in the natural terrain,the habitation structures within this complex have an excellent view up
the coast as far as Kailua Bay.
South and west of the T-049 complex is a wail (Site T-050) that appears to at least partially
enclose an even larger complex of structures that rests just outside the project area in the
Page 5
adjacent property. This complex,which extends down slope in a southwesterly direction,
consists of platforms,terraces,enclosures,modified lava tubes, and cultural material scatters, all
of which appear to be related. Extending north and west from the Site T-050 wail is another
mauka to makai trail segment(T-054) that may represent a continuation of the Site T-048 trail.
Adjacent to this trail are several complexes of terraces,enclosures and modified lava blisters
(Sites T-055,T-056,T-059, and T-060) that appear to represent another concentration of
habitation features. This residential area is bounded to the south by the T-054 trail and to the
north by a low stacked stone wail (T-057).
Overlaying the traditional agricultural landscape of Site T-040 are several ranching period
structures. These include a long stacked stone wail that runs through the center of the property
from east to west (Site T-046) and an associated stone wailed pen(Site T-062). The western and
northern boundaries of the project area are also delineated by ranching era wails (Sites T-053
and T-061).
The recently completed archaeological inventory survey found a much greater number and
complexity of archaeological remains within the 59.40 acre project area than had been expected
based upon the initial reconnaissance survey (Rechtman 2008). The majority of these remains
are concentrated within or immediately adjacent to the open soil that occupies the northern
portion of the survey area. Another concentration of sites can be found along and near the
survey area's southern boundary. The central portion of the project area is relatively empty of
sites other than the agricultural features associated with Site T-040.
One purpose of the inventory survey was to locate an area that might be suitable for the
construction of an"Aloha Center." Though the purpose of this structure is still in
conceptualization,it could serve (among other functions) as an interpretive center for the area's
cultural resources. Given the ubiquitous nature of the agricultural features within the Site T-040
complex,the weathered pahoehoe lava flow which occupies the southern portion of the survey
area would appear to be an unsuitable site for the Aloha Center. The western portion of the
open soil area,with its significant surface structures and almost continuous spread of cultural
material,would also seem an unsuitable location for the Center.
The only alternative that remains is the open soil area at the northeastern corner of the survey
area. The sites found here (with the exception of the Site T-022 possible burial) are all small and
roughly constructed agricultural features whose significance derives from their informational
content. It might be possible,with the approval of the State Historic Preservation Division,to
conduct a program of data recovery that would fully investigate and document these sites prior
to their dismantling. The Aloha Center could then be constructed in the northeastern corner of
the property where it would be both easily accessible from the bypass highway and within
walking distance of some of the area's more significant cultural sites.
Page 6
I)a ifiC Pacific Basin — Hawai`i Island Phone: 808.351.9560
Legacy 900 Kumukoa Street www.pacificlegacy.com
Hilo,HI 96720
Now that the fieldwork phase of the archaeological inventory survey of the 59.40 acre Kuamo'o
property has been completed,the information obtained through of site recording and test
excavation will be analyzed and interpreted. The results of these analyses will be presented in a
full archaeological inventory level report,which will be provided to the Kohala Center for its
review prior to submission to SHPD.
If you have any questions regarding the results of the recently completed fieldwork, or any
other aspect of the archaeological inventory survey,please feel free to contact me.
Aloha,
Rowland B. Reeve
Senior Supervisory Archaeologist
Pacific Basin-O`ahu Business Office Bay Area Sierra/Central Lancaster
30 Auhke Street,Saute.301 2641 Hv v 4 900 Illodoc Street 4919 Windplav Drive,Saute 4 44702 10r1,Street West
Kailua,HI 96734 PO Box 6050 Berkeley,CA 94707 El Dorado Hills,CA 95762 Lancaster,CA 92534
808.263.4800 Phone Arnold,CA 95223 510.524.3991 Phone 530.677.9713 Phone 661.729.9395 Phone
808.263.4300 Fax 209.795.4481 Phone 510.524.4419 Fax 530.677.9762 Fax 661.729.9417 Fax
209.795.1967 Fax
I)a ifiC Pacific Basin — Hawai`i Island Phone: 808.351.9560
Legacy 900 Kumukoa Street www.pacificlegacy.com
Hilo,HI 96720
REFERENCES
Kolb,Michael J.
1992 Diachronic Design Changes in Heiau Temple Architecture on the Island of Maui,
Hawaii. In Asian Perspectives 31 (1): 9-37.
Rechtman,Robert
2008 Letter to William J. Paris,Jr. and Margaret Schattauer presenting the results of a
reconnaissance survey of the roughly 60 acre Kuamo`o property.
Robins,J.,R. Nees, and S. Williams
2001 Final Report—Archaeological Inventory Survey of the Proposed Mamalahoa Bypass
Road Corridor in the Ahupua'a of Keauhou 2,Honalo,Ma'ihi 1-2,Kuamo'o 1-3,
Kawanui 1-2,Lehu'ula 1-2,Honua'ino 1-4,Hokukano 1-2,Kanueue 1-2,Haleki i,
Ke'eke'e 1-2,'Ilikahi,Kanakau 1-2,Kalukalu,Onouli 12,Keopuka, and Ka'awaloa,North
and South Kona Districts, Island of Hawai i,Hawai'i (TMK 7-8, 7-9,8-1). Prepared by
Ogden Environmental and Energy Services Co., Inc.,Honolulu,Hawai i. Prepared for
Oceanside 1250 Partners,Kailua-Kona,Hawai i.
Sato,H. H.,W. Ikeda,R. Paeth,R. Smythe,M. M. Takehiro,Jr.
1973 Soil Survey of the Island of Hawaii. U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation
Service. Washington D.C. Government Printing Office.
Wolfe,E. W. and J. Morris
1996 Geologic Map of the Island of Hawaii. United States Geological Service Miscellaneous
Investigations Series. Department of the Interior,Washington,D.C.
Pacific Basin-O`ahu Business Office Bay Area Sierra/Central Lancaster
30 Auhke Street,Saute.301 2641 Hv v 4 900 Illodoc Street 4919 Windplav Drive,Saute 4 44702 10r1,Street West
Kailua,HI 96734 PO Box 6050 Berkeley,CA 94707 El Dorado Hills,CA 95762 Lancaster,CA 92534
808.263.4800 Phone Arnold,CA 95223 510.524.3991 Phone 530.677.9713 Phone 661.729.9395 Phone
808.263.4300 Fax 209.795.4481 Phone 510.524.4419 Fax 530.677.9762 Fax 661.729.9417 Fax
209.795.1967 Fax
RRECHTMA►N CONSULTING, LLC.
11(y I q4ox 4149 4 `uu,1.I gar ru"a 96749,9710
plume: (808) 966,76.36 fax: (808) 443.0065
c-nua& 4ro4c, 'rc;cbtmamolwuki1)g:coIII
AK',HA��,u:�X)(,u Pd,, 09A1TRAu•, r"W)RqTOP[c°A[,
September 2, 2008 RC-0576
William J.Paris, Jr
Margaret Schattauer
C/o Ed Rapoza
Email: ed(a�hawaiihomesandland.com via email
Dear Billy and Margaret:
At your request, Rechtman Consulting, LLC conducted an archaeological reconnaissance survey of two
parcels (TMK:3-7-9-05:004 and 014)totaling roughly 60 acres in Md'ihi 2nd and Kuamo`o ahupua`a,
North Kona, Island of Hawaii(Figures 1 and 2).As per the scope of work,we: 1) conducted limited
background research concerning past archaeological, cultural, and historical projects and maps of the
immediate project area; 2) completed a comprehensive field inspection of the parcel; and 3)prepared the
following narrative and accompanying map describing the findings of our investigation. The
accompanying reconnaissance map depicts the locations of numerous archaeological features on the
parcels (Figure 3). Let me begin by saying, as I have said before, these lands are of great historical
significance because of events that took place in December of 1819. This date marks a decisive battle
between Liholiho's (Kamehameha II) forces under Kalaimoku and those of Kekuaokulani, the latter
making their last stand on or near your property in defense of the traditional kapu system.Needless to say,
Kalaimoku prevailed and Hawaiian society was never the same. It is said that Kekuaokalani,his wife
Manono, and several of their supporters were slain and buried near your coastal parcel.
As part of this study we consulted the following written sources: Maly and Maly (2001); Mills and Irani
(2000), Reinecke (1930); Robbins et al. (2001); Stokes and Dye (1991); Rechtman (2005a, 2005b). Maly
and Maly (2001) conducted an archival and oral historical study of the lands and trails traveled between
Keauhou and Kealakekua. Mills and Irani (2000)performed an archaeological survey of a two mile
stretch of the Old Government Beach Road from Honalo to Honuaino that passed through the current
study area. Five archaeological sites were recorded on the makai study parcel by Mills and Irani(2000).
Reinecke (1930) conducted an archaeological survey of the entire Kona coastline in 1929 for the Bishop
Museum. He recorded numerous coastal sites within and nearby your property.Robbins et al. (2001)
conducted an archaeological inventory survey for the Mamalahoa Bypass Road. One of the originally
proposed alignments for the road passed through the current study area, and two sites were recorded on
the mauka study parcel. Stokes and Dye (1991)is a revised version of the 1909 survey work done by
J.F.G. Stokes that documented the heiau of Hawaii Island. Stokes identified two heiau (Lonohelemoa
and Pu`o`a) to the south and west of the current study parcels, and two hieau(Md'ihi and Kekuaokulani)
to the north of the current study parcels. Rechtman (2005a and 2005b) conducted archaeological
reconnaissance surveys of three parcels (TMKs: 3-7-9-05:002, 003, and 005) adjoining the current study
parcels to the south.Numerous archaeological features including, heiau,burials, lava tubes, and
habitation and agricultural features were mapped on those parcels.
Most of the archaeological features noted during the current reconnaissance survey are located on the
larger, mauka parcel(TMK:3-7-9-05:014). The makai parcel(TMK:3-7-9-05:004) contains only the five
sites recorded by Mills and Irani(2000), and possibly some of the features noted by Reinecke (1930). The
sites previously recorded on the makai parcel include the Old Government Beach Road (Site 10290)
(Photo 1), the remains of a shack and an associated out building (Site 22409) (Photo 2), the possible
location of Kekuaokalani's last stand(Site 22408), and two Historic ranch walls (Walls #36 and 37).
Mills and Irani(2000) decribe these sites (excluding the walls) as follows:
RC-0576
2
[Site 10290]
...Passing through Gate# 14, one crosses the Kuamo`o/Md'ihi boundary. Here the road
ascends a small rise over pdhoehoe bedrock with few cultural modifications,until one
descends slightly to a cluster of larger kerbstones set on both sides of the road. These
kerbstone alignments are barely 2 meters apart, leaving too little room for anything other
than a small horse drawn cart(at best). The kerbstones appear to be placed so that the
road surface will not wash out from run-off in an intermittent running perpendicular to
the road. [2000:49]
[Site of Keluaokalani's and Manono's last stand—Site 22408]
Gate 14 at the northern end of Tony Jose's corral and/or wall 36 heading east from the
road directly north of gate 14 most likely represent the traditional boundary between
Kuamo`o and Md'ihi. If so,this is the area where Kekuaokalani and Manono reportedly
died, and where Reinecke found a stone platform on a pdhoehoe knob measuring 16 x 12
feet(Reinecke 1930 V:9 [Site 72]). Due to our limited property access,we were unable to
identify any such platform, although local residents suggest that the marker for
Kekuaokalani's "grave" still exists.
[Md'ihi 2 abandoned shack—Site 22409]
Readily visible about 50 meters east of the road at R# 89 is a small abandoned shack.
This was beyond the area that we had permission to survey. As we noted in an earlier
section, someone has made several recent modifications to the site by building a bench
into Wall 37, and bringing coral from the beach to use as fill below some plantings.
[2000:65]
During the current reconnaissance survey,no evidence of Kekuaokalani's and Manono's grave site was
noted on the study parcels. Reinecke's description of Site 72 simply states that"At the gate in the wall
between Kuamo`o and Maihi 2, or very near it, according to Mr. Wm. Johnson of Kainaliu, the rebel
Kekuaokalani and his wife were killed in the great battle,which terminated above Lonohelemoa Heiau"
(1930:109). Based on the findings of the Rechtman(2005a)reconnaissance survey, a more likely location
of the grave site is on TMK:3-7-9-05:003 to the south of the current project area,where numerous
possible burial platforms were noted in close proximity to one another. Hiram Bingham, a missionary
who arrived on Hawaii Island in 1820,recorded in his journal that:
A pile of stones marks the spot where the rival chief[Kekuaokalani], and his affectionate
wife,his heroic and prime counselor, expired; and near it, a larger pile marks their grave,
over which the wild convolvulus creeps and blossoms, even on this dreary, lava waste.
Around that grave,many piles of stones mark the spots where his friends and supporters
were buried,who that day fell in the defense of idolatry..." [Bingham 1969:76-77 in
Maly and Maly 2001].
William Ellis, another missionary,toured the Island of Hawaii in 1823 and visited the graves of
Kekuaokalani and Manono. Ellis wrote that:
A pile of stones, somewhat larger than the rest, marked the spot where the rival chief and
his affectionate and heroic wife expired. A few yards nearer the sea, an oblong pile of
stones,in the form of a tomb, about ten feet long and six wide,was raised over the grave
in which they were both interred...The piles of stones rose thick around the spot where
they lay; and we were informed that they were graves of his kahu, (particular friends and
companions,)who stood by him to the last...[Ellis 1963:79 in Maly and Maly 2001]
Reinecke (1930)recorded five sites along the coast in Md'ihi 2nd Ahupua`a(Photo 3). It is difficult to tell
the exact locations of these sites based on Reinecke's field map,but it is likely that they are either within
or nearby the current project area.None of these sites were positively identified during the current
reconnaissance survey fieldwork. It is possible that some of them were destroyed after Reinecke's study
by later ranching activities (i.e.wall building, etc.) (Photo 4). The descriptions of the five sites are as
follows:
RC-0576
3
Site 72. At the gate in the wall between Kuamo`o and Maihi 2, or very near it, according
to Mr. Wm. Johnson of Kainaliu, the rebel Kekuaokalani and his wife were killed in the
great battle,which terminate d above Lonohelemoa Heiau
Site 73. At mauka side of gate,where the Geologic Survey map incorrectly indicates a
house: the yard appears modern,but the house site indistinct and old. Below it is another
very old site about 4002, and past it, a few feet mauka, a very rough,irregular platform.
A mound or small platform is above this.
Site 74. On a pahoehoe knob halfway between Waipuhi and Kuamo`o-Maihi wall, a very
rough platform about 16x12; barely possibly a fishing heiau.
Site 75. Above Waipuhi: Several old but sites,unmistakably such as were inhabited by
the poorest Hawaiians. Their dimensions are:
a. Irregular, 16x12x1-4.
b. B.Double, 14x11x�/z and 9x11x1.
c. 17x13x2-3.
d. One on beach too ruined to be measured. This one is 50' above the tail of Waipuhi.
e. 17x13x2,with rough platform in front.
f. About 20x14,very rough.
g. 16'/zx1 l'/z xl-3.
h. 18' long,width uncertain but less than 14'.
By d is a papamu with 9x9 holes,rather small and faint.
Site 76.In front of windmill in Maihi 2 is a mark in the lava, about 125' long, sinuous and
bearing a striking resemblance to the trail of an eel. According to Mr. Kahalioumi, the
legend connected with this mark is the obvious one that a man,pursued by his enemies,
changed himself into a great eel and wriggled into the sea, leaving this trace behind.
Hence the place is called Waipuhi, a name which probably applies also to the water
drained by the windmill. The well is modern and deep; the water from it very faintly
brackish. [Reinecke 1930:109]
The mauka parcel of the current study area contains an extensive distribution of habitation and
agricultural related features, and several Historic walls (see Figure 3). The habitation and agricultural
features essentially constitute a modified archaeological landscape where nearly every stone has been
moved for one purpose or another. The boundaries of this modified archaeological landscape appear to
conform to a weathered pahoehoe flow containing very little soil that is distinct from the lava flows on
either side of it. The area contains dispersed habitation features and complexes that consist of formal
feature types such as platforms, enclosures, and terraces, often associated with marine shell scatters
(Photo 5). These appear to have been occupied primarily during Precontact times, but Historic artifacts
were also noted at a few of the habitation features. Between the dispersed habitation areas, the landscape
has been extensively modified,presumably, for agricultural purposes. Recurring feature types noted
throughout this area include mounds,modified outcrops,modified depressions, enclosures, alignments,
and terraces (Photo 6). Several possible trail segments were also noted,but further study is required to
determine the routes of these possible features.No features with the typical characteristics of grave sites
were noted in the study area,but the possibility exists that graves could be discovered during inventory
survey testing, given the recorded history of the area, and its close proximity to the battle of Kuamo`o.
Two sites were previously recorded on the mauka parcel by Robbins et al. (2001), and three sites recorded
by Reinecke (1930) also appear to be within that parcel's boundaries. One of the sites recorded by
Reinecke (Site 60)was identified during the current reconnaissance fieldwork. The other two were not
positively identified,but are likely still present within the modified archaeological landscape. Reinecke
describes the three sites as follows:
Site 58.Proceeding N. among walls and various undistinguished heaps and mounds one
comes to a double platform,rough.Upper part is c. 28x25x3-4, the lower part smaller.
RC-0576
4
Site 59. Mauka and N.E.is a modern house platform, 28x21xl-5; S. of it three old house
platforms; a circular mound; a house platform about 40x20x0-2 and probably rather
recent. All about, and extending far mauka are many vague heaps and mounds. At a point
125' N.E. of the house site is a conspicuous little knoll in a depression, chiefly natural but
with stones added to form a mound, c. 18x10x5.
Site 60. Close to Kuamo`o wall,N.E. of Site 59,is a very conspicuous hillock of dirty
light brown lava, a contrast to the black lava about. This may or may not have
significance. [1930:107]
Robbins et al. (2001)recorded two sites (Sites 21243 and 21244) that document a small portion of the
modified archaeological landscape near the northern boundary of the mauka study parcel(see Figure 3).
The sites were both interpreted as agricultural complexes. Only a portion of Site 21243 appears to be
within the current study area,while all of Site 21244 is included. A single test unit was excavated at Site
21244,but no subsurface cultural deposit was recovered. A map of Site 21244 (Figure 4)is included in
this report to demonstrate the extensive modification to the landscape that has occurred within the current
project area. Robbins et al. describe the two sites as follows:
[Site 21243]
This site is an agricultural complex located within the ahupua`a of Maihi1-2 at
approximately 220 ft amsl. The overall site area has an undulating and rocky landscape.
The site consists of numerous features including: modified rock outcrops,rock mounds,
crude terracing,planting areas, and rock alignments.
[Site 21244]
This site is an agricultural complex located within the ahupua`a of Kuamo`o at
approximately 230 ft amsl. The site contains the same types of features as observed at
Site 21243.
This site includes modified rock outcrops,rock mounds, crude terracing, soil planting
areas, and rock alignments. A sample map, [Figure 4],illustrates the types of features
encountered and the density in which they occurred. [2001:A-8]
While the possibility exists that these parcels could be developed, such development would require an
intensive archaeological inventory survey and follow-up mitigation(likely a combination of preservation,
burial treatment and data recovery). It is reasonable to estimate that such historic preservation work could
cost between $100,000 and $200,000 depending on how much preservation versus data recovery is
conducted; the more data recovery the more costly. I would recommend a balanced approach,preserving
as much of the archaeological landscape as possible, and only doing limited data recovery as necessary to
open enough land so as to make any development endeavor an economically viable one.
Thank you for the continued opportunity to provide you with our services. Should you have any
questions, or would like further information please feel free to contact me.
Regards,
�^y
Bob Rechtman,Ph.D.
Principal Archaeologist
RC-0 lib
5
r
rT
imer r r
lot,
6
idol,, �� �
."anyd �� �
r ya ti v a ✓ r [ 1' �l °J d �w
Sa+. Md n�rFr '"d tl r t e "v a�i
e rC"v r a
�,fr �'wta�rolwM1i v s Y 4. p
✓ Jyi" .� :rh r ,
r tib1Y v �9� ,r
r p i
rdt+a
qi
4v
�A� t x' Ilwbq xo �67kft , JF. � ±..
1
: h i� v m
r
�'� �� a rJ� urr� +"" '� f � � •( by� li��`� �
Yari i�An/
7,
,l n�r'Gb k't r Y i'II%/
Project Are�111
Oki
' a
! � r
lw%f t4 i ✓-I
, � �
y
' ar
r
rf Y&8' aor yy r
Vrr `.ram ... ..... .Ir .k_ .
Idand of Haw
Portion of U.SZ G S, T5 minute scries q aadni n le Kealalkekaaa, HI 1983
A viol I I
6 -;ry `
I
w ,
Figure re 1, Prgjectami luucadon,
RC-0 lib
........... �, ,.,, ,.,.,a, .,„�,., ,�,,,. ,, y, _ ,... ,,.� ,..,: .. ,,, ". ...ona ,. ,
m ,
" M rim' v„ n ,n ,...,.,, a ,
r
i
r
r ,
.. ......,.. ....
........
,,,.�
e b
1 J
1 f
"-,WU
1 � f
{
f
r v f
j J i
� re
1
1
9
Y N �
I
I
.... .y, „..u+&a� .p m.,,a.r, .r.:,. an,N r.,..+.s .::yti,
1
Figure 2.'fax Map Key al" K): 3-7-' -005 showing tile u:UITent survey area(Parcels 4 and 14).
RC-0 lib
7
ll 40 80
eft N
Scale is meter
r_
E
N. 4A M'�ry F
A 4
fl "
N
1 L W
U�
%tl4 � Ala, 0
f Nr.
A
Y
k, Y
IV N V
t 'n
d I
V yy
tiM �
pfNOP
Y o P
� I 4
P
Site 2 1244
�I
0 NO
4 � M q5V gg
M1
W
� 0
,.emu i a w
4 u
Ja M
✓ p
II
M1 I* AN P
A ✓ � y
M�
FM d A
✓ � I�01 O h
d
tl R7„r„IIClI. Y
a "`
� ad
>
a
ti � -
�0 Mound
labitatiemuu complex
Modified outcrop
w z
w
hack(Site 2240 ) I labitatiemuu enclosu re
Outbuilding
l ° � Site 2240ll Old Government Beach 10 Habitation platform
Road(Site 10290)Ar� " .� t
Blisteumriu wall
Coastline 9_ a Modilceal am•elma:u,flol;;ical lamudsuraplle
— — —" Project ma blomamudar
Fi prep 3. broom t,ariIca lmlan view..
RC-0576
8
s Approxlmale C meddle for
Proposed Bypass Highway Corridor
M1
Z
w CC
0
y i tme
4 � L"�' >
1 C T i1A
4 1A
K <7
r30T�S-�- '
TS
try ° TS, 5"q C
C7 �cr a v t701
iSq
Csd ` TS 0 C� 0 CT
to
101
TS
C C C Ts Fe C ;[201
TS v Ct� T
Mmnd
c Ts 140
BJc l „gh
s
e" !
TS C tS' 25
�3 Mcirtnd" TSTS
TS
F`
Cap C a
1401
str " y
Ts C C P C
Ouftrw
TS (401 a s Test Unit
Ts K (zol :C1' Slope
EPRocks d
sG
01 Facwtg
150
0) �I Out=p
{tat Height In errs
Anguiar Boulder
C3lC and Cobble
i ESC Boulders and
+4dr Small Cobbles
0 4m CP Cobble-Rebbte
SScale Thin Soil Over
VSWe. i •^�:53Fi5.rsic Bedror.*
Figure 4. Robbins et al. (2001:A-9)plan view of Site 21244.
RC-0576
9
r
r, o
-
��
ifs �
n.
I
i
Photo 1.View of the Old Government Road(Site 10290) across the makai study parcel.
� ur
Photo 2.View of abandoned shack (Site 22409)on makai study parcel.
RC-0576
10
444
n i
it
9n n��i
ryr
Photo 3.View to north of the coastline fronting the current study parcels.
✓�u fir ¢r ✓ �' � i
�., '✓ pr'a iifir ��r u V it � G y✓
i¢ "'✓ Y i 'fig ✓�� �w � " ilrh � ��. I�( �.r✓h�h �� h oPO
✓ i� ?
✓
�'�I xi'or t � �d ����� � ��j�� ('fan�7r ✓ ii� r✓:
,���,�, �aro`� iu �i � ✓ „ "� �� � 1.., Ala
U�
Photo 4. Cows and 20'h century ranching infrastructure adjacent to the study parcels.
RC-0576
11
wr✓r»� �ry r k r r rr ry; upµ r � Q „�u� �9 i .� ','t �
r p II
d
Y,
m
r� r
i
r r
f„
n
� � v
Photo 5. Habitation related feature on mauka study parcel.
u
t
� h
fir
h F
r N
q
g
Photo 6. Agricultural related feature on mauka study parcel.
RC-0576
12
REFERENCES CITED
Bingham, H.
1969 A Residence of Twenty-one Years in the Sandwich Islands; or the Civil,
Religious, and Political History of those Islands. New York: Praeger Publishers.
[Reprint of 1855 edition]
Ellis, W.
1963 Journal of William Ellis, Narrative of a Tour of Hawaii, or Owhyee... Honolulu:
Advertiser Publishing Co., Ltd. [Reprint of 1823 edition]
Maly, K., and O. Maly
2001 He Wahi Mo`olelo No Nd Aina, A me No Ala Hele I Hehi 1a, Mai Keauhou A I
Kealakekua Ma Kona, Hawai`i. Kumu Pono Associates Report HiAla40-
061501.Prepared for Nd Ala Hele Program- DOFAW
Mills,P., and M. Irani
2000 A Walk Through History: Pedestrian Survey Along the Old Government Beach
Road, Honalo to Homua`ino, North Kona, Hawaii, Volume I. Department of
Anthropology,University of Hawaii, Hilo.
Rechtman, R.
2005a Archaeological Reconnaissance Study for TMK: 3-7-9-05:002 and 003.
Rechtman Consulting Report RC-0366.Prepared for Margaret Schattauer.
2005b Archaeological Reconnaissance Study for TMK; 3-7-9-05:005. Rechtman
Consulting Report RC-0373.Prepared for Agnes Smith et al. Trust.
Reinecke, J.
1930 Survey of Sites on West Hawaii. Unpublished manuscript, Department of
Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu(1930).
Robins, J., R.Nees, and S. Williams
2001 Final Report—Archaeological Inventory Survey of the Proposed Mdmalahoa
Bypass Road Corridor in the Ahupua`a of Keauhou 2, Honalo, Ma`ihi 1-2,
Kuamo`o 1-3, Kawanui 1-2, Lehu`ula 1-2, Honua`ino 1-4, H6k5kano 1-2,
Kanueue 1-2, Haleki`i, Ke`eke`e 1-2, `Ilikahi, Kanakau 1-2, Kalukalu, Onouli 1-
2, Ke6puka, and Ka`awaloa, North and South Kona Districts, Island of Hawaii,
Hawaii (TMK 7-8, 7-9, 8-1). Prepared by Ogden Environmental and Energy
Services Co., Inc., Honolulu, Hawaii. Prepared for Oceanside 1250 Partners,
Kailua-Kona, Hawaii.
Stokes, J., and T. Dye
1991 Heiau of the Island of Hawaii: A Historic Survey of Native Hawaiian Temple
Sites. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Anthropology 2. Bishop Museum Press,
Honolulu.