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1.Introduction 1. INTRODUCTION At the request of WSP USA,Inc.on behalf of the State of Hawai`i,Department of Transportation(HDOT;referred to hereafter as the Agency),ASM Affiliates(ASM)conducted a historic properties assessment for the proposed Waiaka Bridge Replacement and Roadway Realignment project.The purpose of the current study is to aid the Agency in their efforts to identify historic properties in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act(NHPA) and Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) Chapter 6E-8 for the proposed project. The project, which is located along Kawaihae Road and the Kohala Mountain Road in the South Kohala District,Island of Hawaii(Figures 1,2,and 3), involves replacing the existing Waiaka Bridge and realigning the approaches to create a smooth transition to the replacement bridge and the Kawaihae Road-Kohala Mountain Road intersection.The Agency has been awarded funds by the United States Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) for this project. As such,the project has been determined to be an Undertaking subject to Section 106 of the NHPA of 1966,as amended (2006),and its implementing regulations(36 CFR 800).As a project to be conducted by the HDOT as a State Agency, the project is also subject to review under HRS Chapter 6E-8.The scope of the Section 106 Undertaking and the HRS Chapter 6E-8 project are identical and for simplicity the two projects are referred to as "the Undertaking" in the remainder of this report, except where statute-specific language is required. Similarly, the Section 106 Area of Potential Effect(APE) and the HRS Chapter 6E-8 Project Area are coterminous and are referred to collectively as "the APE"except where statute-specific language is required.A detailed description of the Undertaking and the APE is provided in the following section. The current study was conducted in partial compliance with 36 CFR 800 and in compliance with Hawaii Administrative Rules(HAR)§13-275.This report is divided into six chapters.Chapter 1 includes a description of the Undertaking and the APE. Chapter 2 provides background information for the APE, including a culture-historical context followed by a summary of relevant archaeological,cultural,and prior consultation conducted within the APE and surrounding area.Chapter three summarizes archaeological expectations for APE.Chapter 4 presents a description of the archaeological fieldwork methods and results. Chapter 5 presents recommended National Register of Historic Places and HRS Chapter 6E significance evaluations. Chapter 6 discusses the recommended determination of effect under both applicable statutes.Chapter 7 presents recommended mitigation measures for the project. Historic Properties Assessment Study Waiaka Bridge and Roadway Project,South Kohala,Hawaii 1