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2.background fabric, functions culturally as definers of place." Three such pu`u located at the base of the Kohala Mountains are visible from the APE. These area Pu`u `Owa`owaka, Pu`u Ki, and Hoka`ula. Hokd`ula is noted as the battle site between Lonoikamakahiki and Kamalalawalu, and the name given to the kanoa (`awa mixing bowl) of Laninuiku`iamamaoloa(Wilkinson et al.2012).The kanoa of Hoka`ula is also said to belong to Lono and is associated with rituals connected to the agricultural god(Wilkinson et al.2012). Souza et al.(2003:7)explain: The association of the bowl,or kanoa of the god Lono(a provider of abundant crops and rain-laden clouds)with Hokd`ula may refer to the agricultural lands of the region;i.e.,(1)the bowl or container could symbolize a land of agricultural abundance;(b)the sprinkling of waters from the bowl could refer to the waters of the streams that flow from the uplands and spread across the plains; and(c) the importance of the rituals of Lono in agricultural endeavors,particularly in the areas of Kohala where large field systems have been archaeologically documented. While these pu`u are a culturally-celebrated natural feature of Waimea,so too are the winds.The variety of winds found in Kohala are numerous and several Hawaiian proverbs recorded by Pukui (1983) capture their names and characteristics.Of the famous `apa`apa'a winds,she records: Ka makani apa`apa'a o Kohala. The apa`apa`a wind of Kohala. Kohala was famed in song a story for the `apa`apa`a wind of that district. (Pukui 1983:157) Kahilipulu Kohala na ka makani. Kohala is swept,mulch and all,by the wind. Kohala is a windy place.(Pukui 1983:143) ope`ope Kohala i ka makani. Kohala is buffeted by the wind.(Pukui 1983:277) Other winds in Kohala, such as the one that sent clouds racing across the sky,were seen as omens that foretold impending trouble. Makani luna ka lele 'ino mai la ke ao. There is wind from the upland,for the clouds are set a-flying. Signs of trouble are seen. This saying originated shortly after the completion of Pu`ukohola heiau by Kamehameha I. He sent Keaweahuulu to Ka`n to invite Keouaka`ahu`ula to Kawaihae for a peace conference between them. Against the advice of his own high priest,Keouaka`ahu`ula went, taking his best warriors along with him. When outside Mahukona, he saw canoes come out of Kawaihae and realized that treachery awaited him. It was then that he uttered the words of this saying. His navigator pleaded with him to go back, but he refused. Arriving in Kawaihae, Keouaka`ahu`ula stepped off the canoe while uttering a chant in honor of Kamehameha.One of the latter's war leaders stepped up from behind and killed him. All of his followers were slaughtered except for Kuakahela,who hid a later found his way home,where he wailed the sad story. (Pukui 1983:228) The many rains of Waimea are another important natural feature celebrated in traditional Hawaiian text.The rain named Apu`upu`u—also as Kapu,Kapu`u,and Kapu`upu`u—is a cold wind-driven rain that creates bumps on the skin (Akana and Gonzalez 2015),and the name may include a play on the word pu`u(hill)to refer to the hilly land of the Waimea area(Akana and Gonzalez 2015).Pukui(1983)adds that when the ali`i Kamehameha of Kohala organized his army of spear fighters and runners from Waimea,they referred to themselves as the Kapu`upu`u after the cold rain of their homeland. Pukui (1983:188) documented the following poetical expression for the Kipu`upu`u rain "Ke Kipu`upu`u ho anu 'ill o Waimea," literally translated as "The Kipu`upu`u rain of Waimea that chills the skin of people."Doyle's(1953:44)description of the kipu`upu`u relates it to a certain wind,"This is the piercing wind that suddenly meets the traveler who makes his upward way from the heat of Kawaihae;and as he nears Waimea he comes upon a region once held sacred." Another rain, the E`elekoa also knows as Malana, Malanalana, and Malana e elekoa is associated with storms. According to Akana and Gonzalez(2015),the E`elekoa is also a wind name of Waimea. The Koko`Lila and Leikoko`Lila rain of Waimea which accompanies a red-hued rainbow is said to be associated with royalty. Sweeping down from the cliffs of Kapaliloa is the Paliloa rain and the Pe epakaiaulu is a fierce rain squall that arises suddenly giving the area residents little time to take shelter,thus forcing them to pe`e (hide)to prevent from getting soaked. Historic Properties Assessment Study Waiaka Bridge and Roadway Project,South Kohala,Hawaii 13