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Executive Summary EXECUTIVE SUMMARY At the request of WSP USA, Inc. on behalf of the State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation(HDOT), ASM Affiliates (ASM) conducted a historic properties assessment for the proposed Waiaka Bridge Replacement and Roadway Realignment project.The purpose of the study is to aid HDOT in their efforts to identify historic properties in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) Chapter 6E-8 for the proposed project. The project,which is located along Kawaihae Road and the Kohala Mountain Road in the South Kohala District, Island of Hawaii, involves replacing the existing Waiaka Bridge and realigning the approaches to create a smooth transition to the replacement bridge and the Kawaihae Road-Kohala Mountain Road intersection. The project has been determined to be an Undertaking subject to Section 106 of the NHPA of 1966 as amended(2006)and its implementing regulations(36 CFR 800)due to the use of funding from the United States Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. As a project to be conducted by the HDOT as a State Agency,the project is also subject to review under HRS Chapter 6E-8. The Section 106 Area of Potential Effect(APE)and the HRS Chapter 6E-8 Project Area are coterminous.The APE comprises 316,143 square feet (7.3 acres) and contains a portion of Kawaihae Road, portions of surrounding parcels where equipment and materials storage will take place,portions of surrounding parcels that will be used temporarily during the project. The current APE was included in five prior archaeological studies(Corbin 2007;Haun et al.2002,2003;Sinoto 1998;Thompson and Rosendahl 1992).Within the current APE,Haun et al.(2002)identified two historic properties: Site 23313 was identified as a concrete foundation located in Keanu`i`omano Stream.Site 29221 is the Waiaka Bridge. No other sites were documented in the current APE in any of the prior archaeological studies.Consultation conducted in 2012 for an earlier iteration of the current Undertaking found that the portion of Keanu`i`omano Stream in the current APE is unlikely to contain concealed iwi or archaeological resources. Fieldwork for the current study was conducted on August 26,2020,by Johnny Dudoit,B.A.,and Benjamin Barna, Ph.D.(Principal Investigator),with follow-up field visits on October 14,2020,by Dr.Barna.And on August 4,2021, by Brooke Kauoa under supervision of Dr.Barna. A total of nine person-hours were expended during the fieldwork. During the current fieldwork,the two previously identified properties were identified,and no previously unidentified sites were found. Site 23313 was also identified,and its current condition noted. Additional research found that Site 23313 is the Keanu`i`omano Stream Gage (USGS 16756500) and that the concrete "foundation" is actually a small weir built for the gage.During the current fieldwork,Site 29221 was visited,and its current condition was compared with the description provided by Haun et al. (2002).Overall,the condition of Site 29221 (at least cosmetically)does not appear to have degraded much since the 2002 fieldwork. Site 23313, now identified as the USGS Keanu`i`omano Stream gaging station, was previously evaluated as NRHP eligible under Criterion D and HRS Chapter 6E significant under Criterion d. Based on the additional information obtained during the current study the site is no longer recommended NRHP eligible or significant under HRS Chapter 6E-8.Site 29221,the Waiaka Bridge,was previously determined to be NRHP eligible Criteria C and D and HRS Chapter 6E significant under Criteria c and d.Based on the observations made during the current study,the Site 29221 continues to be recommended NRHP eligible under Criteria C and D and HRS Chapter 6e significant under Criteria c and d. The Undertaking would result in the demolition of the Waiaka Bridge (Site 29221The recommended determination of effect for the Undertaking is "Adverse effect" under 36 CFR 800.5 and "Effect, with proposed mitigation commitments"under HAR§13-275-7.It is recommended that HDOT consult further to resolve the adverse effect pursuant to 36 CFR 800.6.Recommended mitigation measures include architectural recordation(HAER Level I or II)of Site 29221.Archaeological monitoring is recommended during ground-disturbing activities associated with the project. Historic Properties Assessment Study Waiaka Bridge and Roadway Project,South Kohala,Hawaii