HomeMy WebLinkAboutComm 25-020 re Sugg. 25-01Comm. 25-020
From: Noeau Woo -O'Brien
To: Kekai. Malia
Cc: IeahaoukerCabamail.com
Subject: Re: PONC Questions RE: Sugg 25-01 Waiakali"ula Burial Site and Ag complex
Date: Monday, June 23, 2025 4:17:16 PM
Attachments: Waiakahi ula-PONC Ouestions & Resoonse-June 2025.odf
FOP-Waiakahi"ula Beach Park-No"eau Woo-O" Brien -EXECUTED 05-08-24.odf
Aloha e Malia,
Attached to this email is the following:
1. PDF response to your questions regarding Waiakahi`ula Burial Site & Ag Complex
2. Friends of The Park Agreement (Waiakahi`ula Beach Park & No`eau Woo -O'Brien)
3. Redacted Burial Treatment Plan for Waiakahi`ula Burial Platform.
If you have any further questions, please let us know. Mahalo!
ke aloha no,
No`eau
On Fri, Jun 13, 2025 at 8:17 AM Kekai, Malia <ma1ia.kekai(g4hawaiicouaZ gov> wrote:
Aloha,
Please answer the following questions from the Commission by or before July 1, 2025.
• What makes the auha (canoe shed) "unique" to Puna?
• Na Hoa `Aina o Waiakahi`ula, Mala La`au, Kawai`ula, `Aha Lamakd `Oia`i`o, and
Malama o Puna are among the community groups expressing the desire to steward
these properties. Who do you think will take the lead and coordinate the stewardship
effort?
• What does DPW think of blocking off the one -block portion of Papi`o Street and
routing access to nearby homes through Puna Parkway?
• Is DPW willing to block off parking in the burial site buffers?
• Will a vacation rental be permitted by the Planning Department on the parcel where
the owner intends to develop a vacation rental "immediately?" In other words, is this a
realistic proposal or an empty threat?
• Can we see a copy of the Waiakali'ula Burial Site 19014 (BTP) report?
• Is the 501(c)(3) that is supposed to manage the sites been done?
• Supposedly there is an agreement with Na Hoa `Aina o Wakai'll to steward the
cultural sites. Is this agreement available to review?
• Has the County of Hawaii agreed to work with these groups in maintaining the roads?
• What will be the role of the Burial Council in this project?
• Is there any kind of agreement with the owners of the land?
Comm. 25-020
Mahalo,
Malia
Malia Kekai
Deputy Finance Director
County of Hawaii
`O ke kahua ma mua, ma hope ke kukulu
"First set the foundation, then build."
Comm. 25-020
PONC Questions & Response
Re: Waiakahiula
• What makes the auha (canoe shed) "unique" to Puna?
We would like to point out that the auha is not on either of the properties that are
currently up for discussion: TMK 3-1-5-63:042 and TMK 3-1-5-63:043. It is located inside
the County of Hawaii Park, which is expected to have an AIS completed in the near
future.
The auha was listed on the 1974 Bishop Museum Archaeological Survey and states the
following:
Ha-AS-1 Canoe Shed Category I
This site was previously recorded by Bishop Museum and
assigned the number Ha-AS-1 (Fig. 5). It is part of a small complex
of structures which possibly represent the Waiakahiula village at
which Ellis stopped in 1823 [1969:305].
The, canoe shed and the area around it containing several
other structures is in the process of being turned over to the
County of Hawaii for a park. This is probably described as site 84
by Hudson [n.d.:309].
The canoe shed consists of standing walls varying form 0.70
to 1 m in width, 0.75 m in height, and 7 to 9 m in length.
Figure 5. DOUBLE CANOE SHED AT WAIAKAHIULA VILLAGE, HAWAII.
This auha is also the last canoe shed that exists along the cliffs in the ahupua`a of
Waiakahiula.
N.Woo-O'Brien & L.Gouker
June 2025
1
Comm. 25-020
PONC Questions &Response
Re: Waiakahi`ula
• Na Hoa `Aina o Waiakahi`ula, Mala La`au, Kawai`ula, `Aha Lamaku `Oia`i`o, and
Malama o Puna are among the community groups expressing the desire to
steward these properties. Who do you think will take the lead and coordinate the
stewardship effort?
We would request that Kawai`ula be the lead steward, as our organization is both
based in and is dedicated to the ahupua`a of Waiakahi`ula. With that being said, we
are open to having the other hui participate in our efforts to malama this space.
• What does DPW think of blocking off the one -block portion of Papi`o Street and
routing access to nearby homes through Puna Parkway?
The current administration has expressed interest in protecting the burial; however,
they have not taken action that we know of. As we understand it, the road could be
impacted if/when the Burial Council approves amendments to the existing BTP to
include the county easement (which contains the human remains) and determines the
long-term preservation measures. The Burial Council may or may not decide that the
road be closed; at this point, our priority is to have the BTP amended to include the
County easement, then support the DPW in following the law. The process of
amending the BTP to include the County easement must be initiated from the County.
• Is DPW willing to block off parking in the burial site buffers?
Neil Azevedo of DPW visited the site on February 27, 2025. He was verbally supportive
of the effort to amend the BTP to include the County easement. He had Flexible
Delineator Round Post parking barriers installed within 24 hours of our meeting. Please
note that these temporary measures to protect the burial site may not meet the
requirements of a Burial Council approval.
• Will a vacation rental be permitted by the Planning Department on the parcel
where the owner intends to develop a vacation rental "immediately?" In other
words, is this a realistic proposal or an empty threat?
The BTP only protects a 30` no -build preservation buffer that extends from the
perimeter of the burial platform (which includes the wall 20` west of the platform). Any
construction outside of that area could be potentially permitted. The current
landowner has expressed that he read the BTP and plans to develop outside the
buffer. There is about 50` of "developable" land on the Papio St property line. By our
estimation, there is at least 0.13 acres that is legal to develop on. Therefore this is still
a realistic threat. Please see attached images for clarification regarding potential
development:
N.Woo-O'Brien & L.Gouker
June 2025
V
Comm. 25-020
PONC Questions &Response
Re: Waiakahi`ula
Figure 10: Map of Project Area Showing Location of Ashaeotogical Sitcs and l a l'-,
(adapted from Rechunan and Henry 1998:5, 1-igurc i).
Site 19014 includes the burial platform, see far right of image above.
The red represents the parts of the property that could still be developed.
N.Woo-O'Brien & L.Gouker
June 2025
3
Comm. 25-020
PONC Questions &Response
Re: Waiakahi`ula
• Can we see a copy of the Waiakali'ula Burial Site 19014 (BTP) report?
Yes, we have attached a copy of the Waiakahi`ula BTP to this email. Please note that
this is the redacted version of the BTP.
• Is the 501(c)(3) that is supposed to manage the sites been done?
Yes, Kawai`ula was officially registered as a 501(c)(3) on February 19th, 2025.
• Supposedly there is an agreement with Na Hoa `Aina o Wakai'll to steward the
cultural sites. Is this agreement available to review?
There was a Friends of The Park Agreement made between the County P&R and
No`eau to malama the cultural sites within Waiakahi`ula Beach Park. However, we have
just recently met with the County P&R to amend the agreement to instead say Kawai`ula.
The original agreement is attached to this email, and we are still waiting for the updated
agreement to arrive via email.
Please note that none of the cultural sites outside of the park, such as the burial platform
and the adjacent agricultural structure, are not mentioned in the agreement.
• Has the County of Hawaii agreed to work with these groups in maintaining the
roads?
The parking barriers have been installed, but other than that, it seems we cannot plan
for any further action until we know that these properties have been acquired by
PONC.
• What will be the role of the Burial Council in this project?
We will work with the Burial Council to approve an amended BTP that includes all
landowners of Site #19014 (at this time, County of Hawaii Public Works, Giant
Properties LLC, and Elizabeth Blas Andersen) with prescribed protection measures.
The current BTP was only written for the property that is on TMK 3-1-5-63:043. The
Burial Council representative from Puna is very aware of the situation and is in support
of PONC acquiring these properties. Amending the BTP has to be initiated by the
land owner. If PONC was the land owner, the stewards of this `aina could have the
authority to initiate this process of determining the legal protections for the entire site.
N.Woo-O'Brien & L.Gouker
June 2025
C!
Comm. 25-020
PONC Questions &Response
Re: Waiakahi`ula
• Is there any kind of agreement with the owners of the land?
There are currently no official agreements made with the owners of the land, and the
historical features upon them are currently being overgrown with weeds. When
confronted about violating the BTP by bringing heavy equipment within the buffer and
destroying a portion of the wall to the west of the platform, David Chun of Giant
Properties LLC shook Leah Gouker`s hand and stated he was open to selling the
property (for "$200K-$250K"), and pledged to cease efforts to build on the property
until April 2025 to give her time to intervene.
N.Woo-O'Brien & L.Gouker
June 2025
5
Comm. 25-020
FRIEND OF THE PARK AGREEMENT
............
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS & RECREATION
COUNTY OF HAWAII
WE, No'eau Woo -O'Brien
ADDRESS 15-162 Rini Kahakai Loop South
Pahoa, HI 96778
wish to be recognized as the Friends of:
Park/Facility Name: Waiakahi'u(a Beach Park
Tax Map Key:
EXHIBIT A
Incorporated: Yes F� No
Non -Profit Org.: Yes 7 No Fx
Telephone (808) 465-0309
Check one: alcell ❑Home ❑Mork
Address: 15-2733 WELEA STREET
We wish to volunteer our services to help establish a maintenance standard of excellence for this
public park/facility.
Friend of the
Park Name' No'eau Woo -O'Brien
Organization's Address: 15-162 Puni Kahakai Loop South
/I ndividual's
contact info: Email: noeau9l@amail.com
Cell :n: n.
Department of
Parks and Name: iG C�YQn
Recreation's Address:
Coordinator:
Email UcIdAwatidO
Cell: (9)8)(cg0`6?73-7 Bus: (�
In the event of an emergency situation during non -working hours, the Department of Parks &
Recreation Contact is:
Parks and Name: Maurice C. Messina, Director
Recreation's
EMERGENCY Email: Maurice.Messina@hawaiicounty.gov
CONTACT:
Cell: Bus: (808)961-8542
We agree to the terms and conditions set forth in the FRIENDS OF THE PARK Program_
Organization
Representative:
N'.� Vti�_
[signature]
No'eau Woo -O'Brien
[print name]
Application
accepted by: Date: S P y
D e or of Park a Recreation
DISTRIBUTION: _EAD _HMGC _HO'OLULU ARKS V PLANNING REC _ZOO
Comm. 25-020
EXHIBIT C
This Friends of the Park Agreement for Waiakahi'ula Beach Park in accordance
with the organization and purpose set forth in Rule 12, is established to: (checkall thatappiy)
Make improvements to and beautify this public park(s)/facility(ies); and/or
Combat vandalism, litter and other illegal activities at this public park(s)/facility(ies); and/or
Assist in restoring deteriorated areas AND provide volunteer manpower to "stretch" tax dollars; and/or
x Assist in the enforcement of park/facility rules and regulations.
Provide a detailed description of each proposed action:
Date(s) or frequency
Corresponding support
of work/activity
requested of the County
1. To remove fallen lauhala & coconut branches
I will need the County to
from the auha (canoe shed) & it's accompanying
help clear out the piles of
2 agricultural sites. This also includes the
fallen lauhala & coconut
trails leading to these sites as well.
branches.
2. Remove any trash & or debris that are left near the
It would be helpful if
auha & the 2 agricultural sites, such as beer bottles,
the county provides
soda cans, chip bags, etc. There is currently only
a nearby trash can
one trash can and it is on the mauka end of the park,
just outside of the village area -
perhaps near the fishing zone.
3. whereas the Waiakahi'ula village site is at the.
makai end of the park.
so our fishermen have a place
to throw away their broken
fishing lines. zip lock bags, etc.
4.
5.
6.
Our group anticipates that we (circle one) WILL ILL N undraise in support of the efforts of this FOPA.
[All fundraising efforts associated with this FOPA shall be approved by the Director per Rule 12.1
This group, and the persons or entities associated in any way with the efforts thereof shall indemnify, defend and hold the County of Hawaii
harmless from and against any claim or demand for loss, liability or damage, including claims for property damage, and personal injury arising
out of any accident on the premises.
This group, and the persons or entities associated therewith, shall familiarize themselves with Rule 12 — Rules Relating to the "Friends of the
Park" Program prior to undertaking
Rev 08/2021
Comm. 25-020
SCS Project Number 125613TP- I
A BURIAL TREATMENT PLAN FOR BURIAL SITE 50-10-45-19014
LOCATED ON A 9.749 SO DARE FOOT (0.217607-ACRE) PARCEL
EW%WpI`
JTMK: (3) 1-5-063:0431
Prepared By:
Glenn G. F.scott, M.A.
May 2013
Prepared for:
Timothy Eden
80t /nits street. #73
1lonolulu, I-lawai`i 96819
SC-IVN'1-IHC CONSULTANT SF:RVICF:.S I.ic.
711 Kapiolani Blvd. Suite 975 1lunolulu, 11amai'i 96813
Comm. 25-020
TABLE OF CONTENTS
IABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................. ii
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................... 4
PROJECT AREA DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 4
PHYSICALSETTING ............................................................................................................... 4
I IISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXTS ......................................................................................... 4
TRADITIONAL SETri.EMENT PATTERNS, SUBSISTENCE, AND LAND -USE ............. 8
TESTIMONY BEFORE TI IE COMMISSION TO QUIET LAND TITLES ..........................
10
CHANGING RESIDENTIAL AND LAND -USE PATTERNS (1845-1865) .........................
10
THE PUNA TRAIL AND OLD GOVERNMENT ROAD ......................................................
12
SUGARCANE AND THE RAILROAD ..................................................................................
14
PREVIOUS ARCHAEOL(Xj ICAL INVESTIGATIONS .......................................................................... 16
EXPECTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL PATTERNS...................................................................................... 19
A RCHAEOLOG [CAI. INVENTORY SURVEY RESULTS ..................................................................... 19
SITE 19013 Agricultural Complex ....................................................................................
19
SITE19014 Platform.........................................................................................................
29
BURIALTREATMENT PLAN................................................................................................................. 35
SEARCH FOR LINEAL AND CULTURAL DESCENDANTS .............................................
35
Research of Relevant Land Conveyance and I listorical Documents ....................................
. )5
Publication of Notice in Newspaper .....................................................................................
35
PRESERVATIONTREATMENTS............................................................................................................ 36
Interim Preservation Buffers .....................................................................................................
36
Long -Term Preservation Measures ...........................................................................................
36
Access.......................................................................................................................................
. )6
Bureauof Conveyances ............................................................................................................
36
Maintenance..............................................................................................................................
36
REFERENCESCITED ...............................................................................................................................
38
APPENDIX A: BURIAL NOTICES ..........................................................................................................
40
_200211- ___
LIST OF FIGURES
I = N a jo *(* P'a' hi" o'" 'a" * North*", ** *"* *Quad.'
.......................................................................
Comm. 25-020
Figure 9: Location of' Bishop Museum Sites Documented in Waikahiula Ahupua'a and Project
Area (Fwart and Luscomb 1974:8. figure 2)....................................................................... 18
Figure 10: Map of Project Area Showing Location of Archaeological Sites and Features
(adapted from Rechtman and Henry 1998:5. Figure 3)........................................................ 20
Figure 11: Photograph of Site 19013, Feature A Stacked and Faced Surface Looking Northwest.
......... ..... .................................................................................................................................. 22
Figure 12: Map of Project Area Showing Location of Shovel Probes and Test -Units (adapted
from Rechtman and Henry 1998:5. Figure 3)....................................................................... 23
Figure 13: Site 19013 Feature A TU-1 West Profile................................................................... 24
Figure 14: Photograph of Site 19013 Feature A T[I-1 Rase of Excavation Looking West......... 25
Figure 15: Site 19013 Feature A TIT-2 West Profile................................................................... 26
Figure 16: Site 19013 Feature A TIT-3 Fast Profile..................................................................... 27
Figure 17: Site 19013 Feature D TIJ-4 East Profile..................................................................... 30
Figure 18: Photograph oi' Site 19014 Platform, Looking North .................................................. 31
Figure 19: Photograph of Site 19014 Platform Showing Stacked Facing, Looking North......... 32
Figure 20: Site 19014 Plan View Showing Location of Test Excavation. (Rechtman and Henry
1998:81 Figure 7)............................................................................................................ 13
Figure 21: S
............................... ...........................................................................
Iki
i•
=.. (Adapted from Survey Plat).... 37
Comm. 25-020
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT AREA DESCRIPTION
At the request of the land owner, Timothy Eden, Scientific Consultant Services, Inc.
(SCS) has prepared this Burial Treatment Plan (13TP) for burial Site 50-10-45-19014
partially located on a 0.217607-acre parcel [TMK: (3 )- I-5-063:043 J NEM -
ANNs�10 MEM■=IN■ANN INS�
= S The site is significant under Criteria C, D and F, as outlined in I-lawai'i
Administrative Rules §13-284-6(b), and will be preserved in accordance with the
preservation measures detailed in this plan.
parcel is being considered for the construction of a single family residence.
PHYSICAL SETTING
■INECOMINE■ �■
■�ISM INMI■GEM11M
INS r ■ �
■==
ONEMEM
HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXTS
Initial settlement of the high I lawaiian Islands is believed to have occurred along
the wetter and more fertile windward coasts where conditions were optimal for marine
and terrestrial exploitation along lines followed previously in Easteni Polynesia. This
exploitation involved inshore and pelagic fishing, gathering shellfish from the shore and
strand, plant and animal husbandry, and the utilization of natural terrestrial flora and
fauna (Kirsh and Kelly 1975; Pearson et al. 1971; Kirch 1985). The pattern of this early
settlement is thought to have consisted of widely spaced, permanent home bases that
4
Comm. 25-020
TRADITIONAL SETTLEMENT PATTERNS, StIRSISTENCE, AND LAND -USE
Situated along the windward coast of Hawaii Island, Puna is a verdant and
abundant district with good rainfall and rich soils. However, it is also subject to volcanic
eruptions and has been covered by new lava in many places over the last 1.000 years
(Gordy 2000:17, and 22). Much of the district's coastal areas has thin soils, and there are
no good deep water harbors. The ocean along the Puna coast is often rough and wind-
blown.
As a result of these two factors, settlement patterns in Puna tend to be dispersed
and without major population centers. Villages in Puna tend to be spread out over larger
areas and often are inland, and away from the coast, where the soil is better for
agriculture (ibid: 45). The lack of population centers also had an effect on the
development of a hierarchy of district rulers. Puna was often not strongly tied together
by a tight web of allegiances between ali'i and konohiki. As a result, Puna was often
conquered and ruled by stronger district leaders in Hilo or Ka`u (Kamakau 1992:17 and
77).
Puna was famous as a district for some of its valuable products, including "hogs,
gray tapa cloth ('eleuli), tapas made of mumuki bark, fine mats made of young pandanus
blossoms (`uhuhinulo), mats made of young pandanus leaves ('ahuao), and feathers of
the 'Wo and mumo birds" (ibid:106).
Historical accounts pertaining to the Waiakahiula and the project area region are
scarce but provide some information on traditional residence patterns, land -use, and
subsistence horticulture in the Waiakahiula Ahupua'a area. Waiakahiula is translated as
Kahiula's water (Andrews and Parker 1922:672). William Ellis passed through
Waiakahiula Ahupua'a in 1823 while travelling along the coast from Kilauea to Waiakca
Ahupua'a, Hilo. Ellis' journey took him along the coast of Kahuwai, Wa'awa'a, and
Nanawale Ahupua'a just south of Waiakahiula Ahupua`a (figure 4). Ellis and his party
then turned muuku and proceeded inland to a village in Honolulu Ahupua'a (Ellis
1963:294). The village was small and set in the forest. The next morning Ellis traveled
to the shore at Waiakahiula Ahupua'a and rested in the shade of a canoe house there. His
travelling companions walked inland about a half mile to preach to the people there (ibid:
295). The village would have been located almost a half mile west of the current project
area, near present day Opakapaka Street.
8
Comm. 25-020
TESTIMONY BEFORE THE COMMISSION TO QUIET LAND TITLES
With the Mahele of 1848 and the two Acts of 1850, authorising the sale of land in
The simple to resident aliens and the award of kuleana lands to native tenants, land tenure
in Hawaii arrived at a significant turning point (Chinen 1961:13). Waiakahiula Ahupua`a
was awarded to Mikahela Kekauonohi and Aaron Keali`iahonui as part of a large Land
Commission Award (LCA 11216) that included parcels on several islands
(waihonacom). Mikahela Kekauonohi was the granddaughter of Kamehameha 1, and
wife of Liholiho, Kamehameha 11. Aaron Keali`iahonui was the son of the last ruling
chief of Kaua' i. A small portion of the 277.8-acre Land Grant 1533 awarded to Kekoa in
also appears to be partially in Waiakahiula Ahupua'a (Figure 5). A second grant (I.G
3331) was awarded to Keaneopala in Honolulu Ahupua`a to the southeast.
CHANGING RESIDENTIAL AND LAND -USE PATTERNS (1845-1865)
Between 1845 and 1865 traditional land -use and residential patterns underwent a
change. In particular, the regular use of Hilo Bay by foreign vessels, the whaling
industry, the establishment of missions in the Hilo area, the introduction of the
sandalwood trade, the legalization of private land ownership, the introduction of cattle
ranching, and the introduction of sugar cane cultivation all brought about changes in
settlement patterns and long-established land -use patterns (Kelly ei al. 1981).
I lilo became the center of population and settlements in outlying regions declined
or disappeared. While food was still grown for consumption, greater areas of' land were
continually given over to the specialized cultivation and processing of commercial
foodstuffs for export. Sugar cane plantations and industrial facilities were established in
areas that were once upland agricultural areas and coastal settlements, respectively.
Sugarcane agriculture developed in Puna District, and sugarcane was inland to the
west and southwest of the current project area. I lonolulu Landing was constructed just
south of the project area in I lonolulu Ahupua`a and used from the late 1800s through the
early 1900s. The whole of Waiakahiula Ahupua`a was not developed until the Hawaiian
Beaches Estates residential development was constructed there.
Comm. 25-020
TIIE PUNA TRAIL AND OLD GOVERNMENT ROAD
There is an historic trail that leads from the modern day Lili' uokalani Gardens
area to HTena along the Puna coast. The trail is often called the old Puna Trail and/or
Puna Road. There is an historic trail/cart road that is also called the Puna Trail (Ala Mele
Puna) and/or the Old Government Road that continues from the south end of the Puna
Trail through Waiakahiula Ahupua'a heading to points south. bass also refers to the
entire route from Hilo to Ka'u as the Puna-Ka`u trail. The Old Government Road is also
known as Papio Street through the Hawaiian Reaches Subdivision. Papio Street tronts
the mukai (north) side of the current project area parcel.
Whatever name the trail/cart road alignment is called by, it likely incorporated
segments of the traditional f lawaiian trail system often referred to as the u/u lou or ulu
hele (Hudson 1932:247, Kuykcndall 1966:23-25, Lass 1997:15, and Maly 1999:5). Lass
suggests the fill length of the Puna Trail, or Old Government Road, might have been
constructed or improved just before 1840 (Lass 1997:15). The trail was called the Old
Government Road, or Ala iVui Aupuni (Maly 1999:5). The alignment was mapped by the
Wilkes Expedition of 1804-41 (Figure 6).
A general description of the area between the Old Government Road and the
newer upper road from Hilo through Kea`au to Pahoa was recorded in 1889 by the
Surveyor General of the Hawaiian Government Survey. The description at7ords a
glimpse into inland and coastal settlement patterns and land use.
The first settlement met with after leaving Hilo by the sea coast road, is at
Keaau, a distant 10 miles where there arc less than a dozen inhabitants; the
next is at Makuu, disUint 14 miles where there are a few more, after which
there is occasionally a stray but or two, until l talepuaa and Koae are
reached, 21 miles from Hilo, at which place there is quite a village; thence
to Kaimu there are only a few scattered settlements here and there. A
good many of those living along the lower road have their cultivating
patches in the interior, along or within easy accessibility to the new road
(Alexander 1891, cited in Maly 1999:107).
12
Comm. 25-020
The 1889 description contrasts with Ellis' in which he documented a small village
in the area of the project just sixty-six years earlier. The 1889 description suggests a
depopulation along the majority of the Puna near -coastal area- In both descriptions, the
people in this area appear to have lived somewhat inland, between the coast and the
inland gardens. In 1889 people were cultivating small patches of kale, mva, and coffee as
well as other food items in the inland gardens. The patches were placed in pockets of soil
in holes amidst the lava flows. Additionally, sweet potatoes were grown on rock
mounds. By 1889, it appears that very few people lived along the Old Government Road
( Maly 1999:6). The Surveyor General stated,
The old sea coast road cannot be kept in repair with the means now at its
disposal and its condition each year is becoming more unsafe and ruinous.
there is but little travel over it; it has been shown that there is little land
capable of cultivation or development either side of it and whatever travel
there is now over it would soon be entirely diverted to the upper road
(Alexander 1891, cited in Maly 1999:107).
The new road being constructed from Hilo through Kea'au to Pahoa was designed
to allow access to the more arable inland areas. People who traditionally had lived along
the Puna coast were moving toward Hilo and into the more fertile upland areas of Puna in
order to find paid work and to produce cash crops for local markets and for export. In
particular, people began to work in the inland areas to grow sugarcane.
SUGARCANE AND THE RAILROAD
By 1901 sugar dominated the island's industry, and Hilo was the epicenter of
production and export. Railroads connected sugar mills and sugar plantations in Hilo, the
I Iamakua and Puna. The railroad also connected the mills to the wharves at I Lilo Bay.
The railroad began operation in the Hilo area in 1899, and was abandoned in 1946 (Kelly
et al. 1981). A main railroad line and several feeder lines were constructed in the early
1900s from Kca'au to locations in lower Puna District. The major line ran from Hilo
through Kea'au to the Kapoho area. This line passed some distance marika (south) of the
current project area (Figure 7). The junction of the I Lilo to Kapoho line and the Pahoa
branch was located in Waiakahiula Ahupua'a (sec Figure 7). The trains provided
transportation for sugarcane as well as for passengers traveling through Puna and on to
other destinations such as I Lilo and the I lamakua coast.
14
Comm. 25-020
PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS
Two archaeological studies were conducted within the lower portion of
Waiakahiula Ahupua'a (Figure 8). The Department of Anthropology at the Bemice P.
Bishop Museum conducted an archaeological reconnaissance of the proposed Kapoho-
Kcaukaha Highway in Puna District (Swart and Luscomb 1974). Paul H. Rosendahl, Inc.
(PFIRI) conducted a site inspection and limited subsurface testing at two parcels within
the larger Bishop Museum study area (Rechtman and I lenry 1998).
The Bishop Museum study surveyed a 2,000 foot wide corridor stretching from
the boundary of South Hi District to a point just east of the Waiakahiula Ahupua`a
boundary. Nine sites were recorded within Waiakahiuka Ahupua`a (Figure 9). "The sites
included a canoe shed (Site Ha -AS -I ), a trail (Site Ha-A5-2), a bait cup (Site Ha-A5-3),
an agricultural complex (Site Ha-A54), a platform (Site Ha-A5-5), two wall sites (Site
Ha-A5-6 and Ha-A5-7), an agricultural and habitation complex (Site Ha-A5-8), and a
small complex of walls and mounds of indeterminate function (Site I la-A5-9).
The current project area encompasses a small number of the features of the
agricultural complex (Site I la-A54), and the platform (Site Fla-A5-5) documented in
Ewart and Luscomb 1974.44-45 (see Figure 9). Site Fla-A5-5 is described as a large
agricultural complex covering approximately eight acres and composed of well -
constructed free-standing and retaining type walls. The latter walls are generally low and
form the sides of level, rocky terraces. The agricultural complex also contained
numerous mounds roughly 1.0 meter in diameter and from 0.50 to 0.75 meters in height.
The site's features were deemed to be in fair to good condition.
Site Fla-A5-5 was recorded as a well -constructed platform approximately 4.0
meters long by 4.0 meters wide, and approximately 1.5 meters in height. A depression
was noted in the surface of the otherwise level top of the platform. The authors of the
study noted that the platform might contain a burial and they recommended testing to
confirm the function of the platform.
PIIRI, Inc. conducted a site inspection and limited subsurface testing at a small
portion of Site Ha-A54 features and at the platform at Site Ha-A5-5. The work included
additional mapping, written documentation, and limited subsurface testing of the platform
(Rechtman and Henry 1998).
16
Comm. 25-020
The P IRI. Inc_ project area consisted of hummocky broken pahoehoc lava with
thin deposits of soil within low spots and depressions in the broken lava. The two sites
were documented as Site 50-10-45-19013 (formerly ila-A54), an agricultural site
consisting of two depressions and two terraces and Site 50-10-45-19014 (formerly I la-
A5-5), a burial platform.
The PI IRI archaeological study determined that the agricultural features at Site
19013 were significant under criterion "D" and recommended additional testing be
conducted through archaeological inventory survey. The burial platform at Site 19014
was assessed as significant under criteria "C",1)", and "E".
EXPECTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL PATTERNS
Based on previous archaeological studies, geological studies, historical research,
and County Planning Department records it is expected that archaeological sites located
on the current project area will be related to agriculture and habitation in the immediate
area. County planning records indicate that no modern improvements have been made on
the project parcel. Therefore, based on historical documents and archaeological studies,
archaeological features will most likely include planting depressions, rock -clearing
mounds, agricultural terraces.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY RESULTS
The two previously documented archaeological sites were recorded, and one was
tested, during an archaeological inventory survey conducted by SC S (Escott. 2013)
(Figure 10). Site 50-10-45-19013 is an agricultural site consisting of two depressions and
two terraces. Site 50-10-45-19014 was a burial platform. No other archaeological sites
or historic properties exist on the project area. Descriptions of the two sites are recorded
below.
SITE: 19013 Agricultural Complex
FUNCTION: Agriculture
AGE: Pre -Contact Era
DIMENSIONS: 1,200 Square Meters
CONDITION: Pair
INTCGJUT Y: Altered by Weathering
19
Comm. 25-020
SURFACE ARTIFACTS: Modern Trash.
EXCAVATION: TU-I through TU-4,and 15 Shovel Probes
DESCRIPTION: Site 50-10-45-19013 is a 1,200-square meter, four feature
complex consisting of two stone -rimmed planting depressions (Features A and 13) and
two terraced areas (Features C and D). The features appear to be modifications of the
naturally occurring pahoehoe cobbles and small boulders. They follow the general shape
of the natural ground surface.
Area of Pirvious Disturbance
Appears Rutldwrd
Fe. C
a
P4 ti
�r
1 (-0.9)
eel
F�, S
Yr 1
VNI,HEN TIE ROAN
- - l��
ite 1.901 (-a.6) �
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7 Fe. B
10+'
(+0.i5 (+0.9)
.0)
UNEVEN TENRAIN
N
Fe. D
KEY
(+0'6 J• Parcel 43 Boundary
0 Basalt Rock t`v
Depression
of zaa5
Faced Stacked Rock meters
(0.8) Ilcight or Depth in Meters
Figure 10: Map of Project Area Showing Location of Archaeological Sites and Features
(adapted from Rechtman and Henry 1998:5, Figure 3).
20
Comm. 25-020
Feature A
Feature A is three oval planting depressions measuring approximately 25.5 meters
long (NE/SW) by 6.7 to 14.0 meters wide. The dcpressions range in length from 6.0 to
13.5 meters long, in width from 4.5 to 9.0 meters, and in depth from 60 to 90 centimeters
below the surrounding ground surface. The depressions appear to be modifications made
to the existing ground surface. It is likely that rock was removed from shallow
depressions to make them deeper and larger. The rock that was removed from the
depressions was piled along the top rim and outer edges of the depression. There is a 2.0
meter long section along the northwest side of Feature A that is stacked fburto five
courses high and is faced (Figure 11). Feature A has been slightly altered by weathering
and is in fair condition. Three test -units ('I'U-1, TU-2, and '1 U-3) and nine shovel probes
were excavated at Site 19013 Feature A (Figure 12).
Feature A Subsurface Testins:
Nine shovel probes were excavated in the shallow sediment and rock in the center
of the northern most planting depression at Feature A. The shovel probes were
approximately 0.5 meters in diameter and were laid out in a grid with two -meter spacing
between each probe. The prohes contained a single stratigraphic layer (5 to 25cm thick)
of soft, wet, very dark brown (I OYR2/2) loam with 10% small roots and 20% to 30%
gravels and cobbles. All of the probes terminated on bedrock and did not contain cultural
material.
A single test -unit ('I'U-1) was excavated in the south end of the northern most
planting depression at Feature A. TU-1 was a 1.0 by 0.5 meter unit that contained a
single natural strati graphic layer, was excavated as two 1 Ocm arbitrary levels, and
terminated on bedrock at a maximum depth of 22cmbs (Figure 13). Layer 1 was soft,
wet, very dark brown (I OYR2/2) loam with 10% small roots and 20% gravels and
cobbles. '1'U-1, Layer 1 Level 2 terminated on bedrock and did not contain cultural
material (Figure 14).
A single test -unit ('1'U-2) was excavated in the central planting depression at
Feature A. TU-2 was a 1.0 by 0.5 meter unit that contained two natural stratigraphic
layers, was excavated as three 1 Ocm arbitrary levels, and terminated on bedrock at a
maximum depth of 32cmbs (Figure 15). Layer 1 (0-21 cmbs) was soft, wet, very dark
hroNvn (I OYR2/2) loam with 10% small roots and 20% gravels and cobbles.
21
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Comm. 25-020
Layer I (0-21cmbs) was soft, wet, very dark brown (1 OYR2/2) loam with 10%
small roots and 20% gravels and cobbles. TU-3 terminated on bedrock and did not
contain cultural material.
Feature B
Feature B is two oval depressions located 8.5 meters east of feature A. feature B
is not on the current project area (Parcel 43). Feature B is 12.8 meters long (N/S) by 4.7
to 8.5 meters wide. The depressions range in length from 4.5 to 6.0 meters, in width from
1.5 to 4.7 meters, and in depth from 0.6 to 1.3 meters below the surrounding ground
surface. The perimeters of the Feature B depressions are well constructed and consist of
cobbles and small boulders stacked three to seven courses high. They are between 0.6
and 1.3 meters wide and are from 60 to 90 centimeters in height. Feature B has been
slightly altered by weathering and is in fair condition.
Feature C
Feature C is a linear terrace located two meters northwest of feature A. Feature C
is 4.3 meters long (NW/SE) by 1.7 meters high. The level top surface of the terrace is
roughly 5.5 meters long by 3.0 meters wide. feature C i s constructed of pahochoe
cobbles and small boulders piled and stacked six to eight course high. Feature C has
been slightly altered by weathering and is in fair condition.
Feature C Subsurface Testing
Six shovel probes were excavated in the shallow sediment and rock in the terrace
top surface of Feature C. The shovel probes were approximately 0.5 meters in diameter
and were laid out in a grid with two -meter spacing between each probe. The probes
contained a single stratigraphic layer (10 to 38cm thick) of soft, wet, very dark brown
(10YR2/2) loam with 10% small roots and 40% to 60% gravels and cobbles. All of the
probes terminated on bedrock and did not contain cultural material.
Feature n
Feature n is a two -tiered linear terrace located two meters south of Feature A.
The lower terrace is 16.5 meters long (NW/SE) by 1.0 to 2.5 meters wide. The upper
terrace is 20.5 meters long (NW/SE) by 2.5 to 4.5 meters wide. The terraces are
constructed of a single alignment of rock placed on a gentle slope. The terraces top
surface is to the southwest of each alignment. Feature n has been slightly altered by
weathering and is in fair condition.
28
Comm. 25-020
Feature 1) Subsurface Testing
A single test -unit (TU-4) was excavated in the north end of the lower terrace at
Feature 1). TU-4 was a 1.0 by 0.5 meter unit that contained one natural stratigraphic
layer, was excavated as two 10cm arbitrary levels, and terminated on bedrock at a
maximum depth of 18cmbs (Figure 17). Layer 1 (0-18cmbs) was soft. wet. very dark
brown (I OYR2/2) loam with 10% small roots and 301/o gravels and cobbles. TU-4
contained two small fragments of opihi shell.
SITE 19014 Platform
29
on INN
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Comm. 25-020
BURIAL TREATMENT PLAN
SEARCH FOR LINEAL AND CULTURAL DESCENDANTS
Rules governing the search for lineal and cultural descendants in the burial
treatment process (HAR § 13-300-33(b)(1) call for three things:
(A) Research of relevant land conveyance documents including identification of land
commission awardees located at or near the burial site;
(B) An inquiry to any person who may have knowledge of families possibly affiliated
with the Native Hawaiian remains;
(C) Publication of notice in a newspaper of general circulation in the county in which the
burial site is located and a newspaper of statewide circulation for a minimum of three
days, including Sunday and Wednesday.
Research of Relevant Land Conveyance and Historical Documents
Waiakahiula Ahupua`a was awarded to Mikahela Kekauonohi and Aaron
Keali`iahonui as part of a large Land Commission Award (I.CA 1 121b) that included
parcels on several islands (waihona.com). Mikahela Kekauonohi was the granddaughter
of Kamehameha 1, and wife of Liholiho, Kamehameha II. Aaron Keali`iahonui was the
son of the last ruling chief of Kaua` i.
Publication of Notice in Newspaper
Notice that the burial treatment process is being conducted for this project was
published on March 20, 21, and 24, 2013 in the Tribune Herald (Iiawai`i Island) and the
Honolulu Star Advertiser (O`ahu Island). Affidavits of the publication can be found in
Appendix A at the back of this report. A public notice was also published in the May
2013 issue of the OHA Ka Wai Ola newspaper. A copy of the Ka Wai Ola public notice
can be found in Appendix A at the back of this report. The public notices did not
generate any responses. No recognized cultural or lineal descendants have yet come
Ibrward Ibr the subject burials.
35
Comm. 25-020
PRESERVATION TREATMENTS
Interim Preservation Buffers
During any construction using heavy equipment at the subject property, orange
construction fencing will be placed at a distance of 30.0 feet from the perimeter of the
burial platform at Site 19014. The fencing will protect the burial feature from
construction activities and equipment. No heavy equipment will be allowed within the
butler.
Long -Term Preservation Measures
A permanent preservation buffer will be established at a distance ol'20.0 feet from
the perimeter of the burial platform at Site 19014. The butler will consist of shallow -
rooted native plants, such as ti, and will incorporate the wall located 20.0 feet west of the
burial platform. A no -build easement will be observed at 10.0 feet beyond the permanent
preservation buffer.
Access
Bureau of Conveyances
Subsequent to final approval by SHPD of this Burial Treatment Plan, a metes and
bounds description of the burial preservation site shall be recorded with the State of
Flawai`i Bureau of Conveyances in conformance with ITAR §13-300-38(g).
Maintenance
The landowner is responsible for maintaining cleanliness and appropriate
vegetation on his portion of the burial site. The Division of Conservation and Resources
Enforcement (DOCARE) will be notified if any harm is done to Site 19014.
36
Comm. 25-020
REFERENCES CITED
Alexander, W.U.
1891 Interior Department Records. Subject File: Roads and Interior Department
- Land Files. Cited in Maly 1999.
Andrews, L., and H . Parker
1922 A Dictionary of the 1lawaiian Language. The Board of Commissioners of
Public Archives of the Territory of Hawaii. Honolulu.
Chinen, J.J.
1961 Original Lund Title in 1-lawaii. Published privately in Honolulu,
Hawaii.
Cordy, R.
2000 Exalted Sits the C'hiel. Mutual Publishing, Honolulu.
Donn,_ J.M.
1901 Hawaii Territory Survey. Hawaii Map.
Ellis, W.
1963 Journal of William Ellis. Honolulu Advertiser Publishing Co., Ltd,
Honolulu.
Cscott, G.C.
2013 Archaeological Inventory Survey of a 9.749 Square Foot (0.217607-Acre)
Parcel on Papio Street in Hawaiian Beaches, Waiakahiula Ahupua'a.
Puna District, Hmvai 'i Island, Hawai 'i [T .44K: (3) 1-5-063: 0.13].
Scientific Consultant services, Inc. Report prepared for Timothy Eden.
Report on File at SHPU Library, Hilo.
Ewart, Ned D., and Margaret L. K. Luscomb
1974 Archaeological Reconnaissance of*Proposed Kapoho-Keaukaha Highway,
District of Puna, Island of Hawaii. Department of Anthropology,
Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Honolulu.
Hudson, A.F.
1932 The Archaeology of East Hawai 'i. MS, Bernice P. Bishop Museum.
Kamakau. S.M.
1992 Ruling Chiefs of 1lawaii. Kamehameha Schools Press, Honolulu.
Kelly, M., B. Nakamura, and Dorothy Barrerc
1981 Hilo Bay_ A Chronological 1listory, Lund and Water Use in the 11ilo Bay
Area,lsland of *Hawai 'i, Bishop Museum, Honolulu.
38
Comm. 25-020
Kirch. P.V.
1985 Feather Gorr and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeolog.
University of I lawaii Press, Honolulu.
Kirch. P.V. and M. Kelly (eds.)
1975 Prehistory and Ecology in a Windward Hawaiian Valley: Halawa Valley,
Molokai. Pacific Anthropological Records, 24.
Kuykcnddall. R.S.
1966 The Hawaiian Kingdom, Volume If.- 1854-1874, 7iventy Critical Years.
University of I lawai`i Press.
Lass, Barbara
1997 Reconnaissance Survey Along the Old Government Road, Kea'au, Puna,
Island of Hawaii. Department of Anthropology, University of Hawai'i-
Hilo, Hawaii.
Maly, Kepa
1999 The Historical Puna "!'rail- Old Government Road (Kea'au Section)
Archival-Iistorical Documentary Research, Oral History and
Consultation Study, and Limited Site Preservation Plan Ahupua `a of
Kea 'au, Puna District. Island of Hawai `i. Copy on file at Department of
Land and Natural Resources, State Historic Preservation Division,
Kapolei, Ilawai'i.
Pearson, R.J., P.V. Kirch, and M. Pietrusewsky
1971 An E'arly Prehistoric Site at Bellows Beach, Waimanalo, Oahu, Hawaiian
Islands. Archaeology and Physical Anthropolojry in Oceania, 6:204-234.
Rechtman, R. and J. I lenry
1998 Site Inspection and Limited Subsurface Testing at Two Parcels (TMK: 3-
I-5-63:42, 43 lawaiian Beaches Estates. PHR.1, Inc. report prepared for
David Lomas. SHPD Library, Kapolci.
Sato, H., W. Ikeda, R Paeth, R Smythe, and M. Takehiro Jr.
1973 Soil Survey of Island ofllawaii, State of Hcnvaii. United States Department
of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service. Washington D.C.
Wolfe, F.W., and J. Morris
1994 Geological Map of the Island of Hawaii. U.S.G.S. Miscellaneous
Investigations Series. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.
39
Comm. 25-020
APPENDIX A: BURIAL. NOTICES
AFFIDAVIT OF PUBLICATION
State of Hawaii i
) SS:
County of Hawaii )
LEILANI K. R. HIGAKI
, being first
duly sworn, deposes and says:
1. That she is the BUSINESS MANAGER
~�RAWATT TRISUNf=-HERALD w.r
newspaper published in the City of HILO
State of Hawaii. '
2. That the " Burial Notice: Waiakahiula Aiupua'a_,_Hawaiian
Beaches,_ [TW: (3)-1-5-063:0431...etc.,
of which a clipping from the newspaper as published is attached hereto, was pub-
lished in said newspaper on the following date(s)
----March 20, 21, 24. qOtI (etc.).
55754rl
Subscribed and sworn to before me
this 2nd __ day of _April, 2013 -._
SHARON H. P. OGATA
Notary Public, Third Circuit, State of Hawaii
My commission expires _._.._t�Ctober �i�016
40
Comm. 25-020
.%FFIDAVITOF PUBLICATION'
fN THIR MATTER OF
dunal Noom WaeakahiuJa Aluipuaa. Hawaiian Beaches, i
Puna District. Ilawall IS1and
i
STATE OF i L,%WA 11
•- SS
City and Counlyof lionalulu I
"AR 2 5 2013
Doc. Date: ________
I
# Pages: t
Notary Name: Patti a K. Reese
r a,.1„oidwCircuit
Doc. Description: Affle avit of
01, t t t i t,, %
Publication
K
.,`t�9�Gµ !
NOTARY
-Z
/ 4- ' trt �' ' Zt1r3
W hoftee �'R w..o.
�. . _
a°t
h"Q t
h:; ..,
�. �'
►kora a tnaal w0 tr.. taakl d, aaa
ee . oiv�+oa t.d [twl: C3l-:�s0aoap
of a 0217 1r•firtataoo80 4
Rose Rosales being duly arsons. dcpopes and says that she is a cletk-. duly authorized
Mito
d WON as P46'a t4aa74 bm*w dllaftmok
to eveeutc thi�cyJYtdav it of Oahu Publications, Inc. publisher of Ibe l lonolulu
rot bim k tt Mw a sls so 1Ia W104s
Star-Advcrliser and slid Weak. that said newspapers am newspapers of general
1"14. how aumnrttrd Onasofk."ors
cireulo-ion in the State of Hawait- and that the attached notice
is true notice as wm
on *Apr at ad V4110 Old
publi.hed in the iforemenlinued ncscspapem as Iollows:
Qt ti Ae tral As ar be Pw~ b
Pwft kill 6d0m Aft darts Mod
B i
Honolulu 5lar-Advemser 3 times on:.
now" tares dui MMw w t 30 #w at
03/20. 03f21, 0312412013
t>ttt taus o saan op""
..arc tJ.rtra Ora EaraR serso b..sd
Nlidweek Wed. 0 times on:
L �� tsti, �►'�aa�,'
lloo waraaR eufi! i
itw4it: a a-MM2Icaraw.INUUM
ta�tw t� IIOt,wltilC.
luso3591 3J70. 3r21.3<zd�
times on:
And that want is not a pam to of in any wal intere�;ted in Ilse above entitkd muter, 00 t s t 1 t r,trr
Rose Rosalcs
Subscribed to and swum before me this 25� day
r f'n
,f�'s`arFrOFtiv+s:
f'ateici: h .Ifi . "scan Pula c of a sMT
Judi:iM Circuit Slste 0f I1au•diI
\iv cmm�in::r��nrrr> t i� Il' � I
Ad is 0000503591 I•v.
41
Comm. 25-020
WAIAKAHIULA AHUPUA`A,
HAWAUAN BEACHES, PUNA DIS-
TRICT, HAWAI`I ISLAND
Notice is hereby given that a burial site was docu-
mented during an Archaeological Inventory Survey
of a 0.217607-acre parcel [TMK: (3)- l-5-063:043 ]
located on Papio Street in Hawaiian Beaches, Waiaka-
hiula Ahupua`a, Puna District, Island of Hawaii.
The burial is identified as StateSite No. 50-10-45-19014.
Proper treatment and preservation shall occur in accor-
dance with Chapter 6E and Hawaii Revised Statutes
Title 13. The burial site will be preserved in place pend-
ing final decision by the Hawaii Island Burial Council.
Interested persons please respond within 30 days of
this notice to discuss appropriate treatment of these
remains. Contact: Glenn Escott, Scientific Consultant
Services Inc., (808-938-0968), PO Box 155, Kea`au,
H I 96749; or contact Kauanoe Hoomanawanui, Burial
Sites Specialist, DLNR-SHPD (808-933-7650). 40
Po `okela Street, Hilo, HI 96720. ■
42