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range map. So here on the left you can see the historical range of Mamane on Hawaii
<br /> island, and then this is the historic range of Palila, sorry it's a little covered up by the text,
<br /> but for the most part they are found around Mauna Kea down through the saddle region
<br /> between Mauna Kea and Hualalai around Hualalai and down the leeward side of Mauna
<br /> Loa. Pre-historically though however, they were found on Kauai and Oahu, and it's the
<br /> same species we have today. There was a second species, Palila, that went extinct and
<br /> that were only found on Kauai. Historically Palila have been only known since western
<br /> contact, but there is a story Palila recorded in Fornander that talks about the Palila the
<br /> warrior, it's kind of a mythological story, it goes through the life and history of this warrior
<br /> his path through the Islands correspond almost exactly to the historical range...to the
<br /> known fossil range of the Palila. So, we've known about range of these birds for quite
<br /> some time, even in pre-historic contacts through oral traditions. And so just to give a little
<br /> more background to,the historic populations transfer Palila has been,were stable up until
<br /> the early 2000, so from about 1980 all the way to the early 2000, the Palila fluctuated
<br /> between 3 to 6000 individuals, and this pattern of fluctuation tracked almost perfectly to
<br /> drought conditions throughout that time period. But then you can see in the early 2000,
<br /> they kind of take a steep dive down, and that's when we started this period of
<br /> unprecedent dryness that got most of the year 2007 to 2014 and here you can see the
<br /> direct impact of that drying. So, from early 2000, when you saw that stable population,
<br /> by 2005 you have this huge drop in Palila population, and they've been slowly trending
<br /> down since, where most of the years were around 2005 and 2009, as key points of
<br /> inflection for the Palila population.
<br /> NOTE:An inflection point is a point on a curve where its curvature changes,for example,from bending
<br /> upwards(concave up) to bending downwards(concave down), or vice versa.
<br /> Since then, they have continued to decline, and this is highlighting that most recent
<br /> paper that was published. So, in 2022 we had our lowest count of Palila ever recorded,
<br /> and that was an estimated 545 individuals. In 2003 we had a slight up-tick, with a
<br /> population of 596, and similarly in 2004, and basically in 2004 numbers we know 1.5
<br /> birds per acre within the Palila core habitat. Also, exciting or hopefully looking a little bit
<br /> better since 2022 we had a very slight increase in the number of detections and in the
<br /> estimated population. Hopefully the expanded management efforts that have been
<br /> implemented which we will get to later in this presentation, had hopefully started to
<br /> turn this around. Oh, yeah, but that's kind of jest of it. If we need to later, we can get
<br /> into more of the details of this paper, but this is the same methodology that's been used
<br /> since the 80's to estimate abundance for these species as well as for other species
<br /> across Hawaii. So, another one that we kind a took a looked at that data, the same data
<br /> that we collected, over that time period, was published more recently, and this one is
<br /> using a new methodology that we've been doing. So, all that data from 1980, clear
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