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berm may have supported the rail transporting molasses/sugar from the mill to the Haina Landing where it was loaded on ships for California. It is too late that these sites and areas can be preserved, but they can be recognized for their historic significance. The reference, `The Archaeology of East Hawaii' states, "Two heiaus are known to have existed near Honokaa. At Honokaa (Haina) Landing on the top of the bluff was a heiau named Wawaemakilo. Nothing remains to mark its site except a few stones which may have formed part of the foundations. Thrum (65-c, p.41) describes another temple named Ka Loa as being about 100 by 70 ft, wider at the west end and with a platform on the seaward side. At the time of Thrum's (late 1800s) writing it was in ruins and overgrown. It is said to have been near the Honokaa mill on a slight rise on the Kukuihaele side of the tracks. I was unable to find anything suggesting a heiau at this spot." This description by Thrum certainly implies the site marked as `Old Heiau' on the 1870 and 1880 maps. The `slight rise' may be reference to the area of current boundary between the property being nominated and the adjoining property to the east. However this would make the description of the heiau being on the Kukuihaele side of the tracks somewhat incongruous with the old maps. Hudson (1930) writes of the culture and land characteristics of this coastal Hamakua area in his era in the following passages. "The population of these ahupua'a varied considerably. The 1839-1858 church records (Lyons 1839-1858) for some ahupua'a list over 100 names - for example, Honokaia (next west to Haina ahupua'a of the nominated property), Kawela, Koholalele - so, adjusting for post-Contact population declines, these ahupuaa may have had over 200 people at European contact. Other ahupua'a had very small lists of names and probably had less than 50 residents." Hudson states "In speaking of the country around Honokaa, Ellis (1835) says "...We proceeded on our journey over a country equal in fertility to any we had passed since leaving Waiakea. The houses were in general large, containing usually three or four families each." With the extensive writings and records (many boxes, as yet not indexed) from the era and pen of William Rickard in possession of the Hamakua Heritage Center and the Center's interest in this project involving his property below Haina, and his grandson's membership on the Center's board, it is very likely that a detailed image of this property's grounds and it's surroundings in that era could be reconstructed 3. Protection of natural resources, habitat or ecosystems. One must acknowledge that this proposal is one of restoration rather than protection or preservation. This property is now utilized as pastureland for cattle roaming freely across several adjoining properties. This nominated property is not fenced. Currently the property is dominated by Guinea grass, shrub brush, ironwoods dominating the low cliffs of the coastline and a modest gulch harboring invasive small trees and shrubs. There is no built structure except for the small fishermen's table on the cliff. The Honokaa sewage Sugg.26-03