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8. A court's review of a final agency decision and order for compliance with <br /> HRS § 91-12 is de novo. See Rife v. Akiba, 81 Haw. 84, 86, 912 P.2d 581, 583 (Ct. <br /> App. 1996) ("We do not reach the HRS § 91-14(g)(5) issue. ("We vacate and remand <br /> pursuant to HRS § 91-14(g)(1) because the BOA failed to satisfy HRS § 91-12.") in their <br /> Decision and Order. <br /> 9. Failure to comply with HRS § 91-12 results in the application of HRS § <br /> 91-14(g)(1). Id., 81 Haw. at 91, 912 P.2d at 588. <br /> Oceanside's Appeal is a Contested Case <br /> 10. "A contested case hearing is one that is (1) required by law and (2) <br /> determines the rights, duties, and privileges of specific parties." Matter of Hawaii'i Elec. <br /> Liqht Co., Inc., 145 Haw. 1, 13, 445 P.3d 673, 685 (2019) ("HELCO"). <br /> 11. "In order for an administrative agency hearing to be required by law, it may <br /> be required by (1) agency rule, (2) statute, or (3) constitutional due process." Id. <br /> 12. Although the Director has discretion as to whether or not to respond to <br /> requests for declaratory rulings under PRPP Rule 3-1, and a hearing was not required <br /> at the declaratory ruling stage, one was required at the BOA pursuant to agency rule <br /> and constitutional due process. BOA Rule 8-11(b) ("The Board shall hold a full hearing <br /> on the appeal in accordance with Chapter 91, Hawaii Revised Statutes[]"); See Id. <br /> 13. The hearing before the BOA concerned Oceanside's "rights, duties, and <br /> privileges" under the Ordinances in connection with the roadways at issue. See Id. <br /> 14. BOA Rules provide that its hearings are conducted as contested cases. <br /> See BOA Rules, Part 3 (entitled "Contested Case Procedure"). They authorize appeals <br /> of all BOA "appeal proceeding[s]" and "final decision[s]" pursuant to HRS § 91-14, which <br /> 22 <br />