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Home My WebLink About2026-01-05 Exhibit 02_SMA Use Permit Assessment Application Daryn Arai Land Use Planning Consultant September 15, 2025 Mr. Jeffrey Darrow, Director County of Hawai`i Planning Department 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, HI 96720 Dear Director Darrow: Subject: SMA Use Permit Assessment Application Applicant: Kaimu Cove LLC Request: To allow construction of a proposed single-family dwelling,pickleball court and its related improvements within a portion of the subject property TMK: 1-2-018: 001; Kaimu-Makena Homesteads, Kaimu, Puna Accompanying this letter, we present for your consideration a request by Kaimu Cove LLC for Special Management Area approval to allow for the construction of a single-family dwelling, pickleball court and its related improvements on a portion of the 3.677-acre property located along the coastal section of Kaimu-Makena Homesteads in the Puna District. Pursuant to your application requirements to be filed via the EPIC system, please find accompanying this letter the following: a. Original of the completed SMA Use Permit Assessment application form and accompanying background and supporting information report that includes a location map and site plan; b. Certified shoreline survey; and c. Landowners' authorizations Should you have questions on this matter, please feel free to contact me. Thank you very much. Sincerely, Daryn Arai Enclosure: SMA Use Permit Assessment Application& supporting information copy w/encl via email: Mark Wyatt & Lisa Ann Benham, Kaimu Cove LLC P.O.BOX 4501,HILO HAWAII 96720 PHONE: (808) 895-3218 EMAIL:DARYN.ARAI@OUTLOOK.COM EXHIBIT 2 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ASSESSMENT APPLICATION Applicant: KAIMU COVE LLC Request: Proposed construction of a single-family dwelling, pickleball court and its related improvements on a portion of a 3.677-acre property situated within the Special Management Area Tax Map Key: (3) 1-2-018:001 Kaimu-Makena Homesteads, Kaimu, Puna District Hawaii Island Prepared by: Daryn Arai, Planning Consultant September 2025 0-1" '0114. C ' 1 - 3 - In° 0 11 I WI et I 1 )I )L [- I] 13111.— 40— 1;Y. nl'1 IflrL1r1L . 'Ti I I I h ix • • F P IF-119g1I 11111".FIRY141.1.96721) 144 dI h IlL I ia •R:1803 FAN IN)11Xd. I-X74:1 • •.1 'A II I .11'lir I Iv • 74-7PO4-1 Ane Keoh..1:Aok Hwy r.Korta.Jima!%lila iN 1711J ....S11„ 1177.13(.1 i'77CT V ANA n 17\1:ENT AREA USE PERMIT ASSESSIvilii.NT APPLICATION L I I ORM '%1 I the e)r Lycznaliv ▪ for the prop' r.o;e, LIL.Jiwv opvrar iLerhkilr •I I /es sex.) .A.PV LICAN S I I S I Kaimu Cove LLC (c/o Mark Wyatt, Managing Member) A1DDRESS: 12-55 Likoliko Loop, Box 4866 CITY. Pahoa I F..: Hawaii .r..1 1 "I F-H1. 96778 EMAIL: Wyattinhawaii@gmail.com PHONE NUM BER(S); • • .1 (808) 965-5404 SR xii 'RF.:(F,); (see attached authorization letter) I ▪ I September 2, 2025 JI Mb!\in. I II ix" APPL I. %NI"(nairre efzu St:IC.110N bijniCil 11( I\71711.7. 10,!1.7 Kaimu Cove LLC (Mark Wyatt & Lisa Ann Benham, Managing Members) ADDRESS: 12-55 Likoliko Loop, Box 4866 CITY: Pahoa Hawaii L 96778 \L •'i,LJ{]- I I Lim SIGNATU RE(S); (see attached authorization letter) 11. vI17.7 E1 len(IOW,"wr C:7I fel i.I1Jr• e."1 II I,,II eee r jz1l/r1 re) .•-•)11%:1). rh v,in.11)14-.111f-..in i 1\1. h Old 11,14?711 15 \id \ riN 1:1•31.1%.1.)\ .0.\ F.'Li_ I \ Daryn Arai .A01)1 I PO Box 4501 Hilo Hawaii Hi I. I II 96720 %IL Daryn.Arai@outlook.com nil )\:1". \I -14111:1<i Si) I!!!. I -cii (808) 895-3218 ICiNAT1JRN ): ▪ . September 2, 2025 (3) 1-2-018:001 FLOOD F.E rail he;t u'i; ined TJ '?q fill:' .i' a(l. -n enil i Th IJC Fi O .� , Eli', theeri x.e Zone A -I1 ' : I OF .; "F I.' 1.' .. I 11 .\CITV The Applicant wishes to construct a two-story, 2-bedroom single-family dwelling and related facilities, such as driveway and wastewater systems, a pickleball court and associated utilities within a portion of the 3.677-acre property. Most of the proposed improvements will be situated within an area previously disturbed by a prior landowner. No improvements will be situated within the 40-foot shoreline setback area. The Applicant resides nearby within the Kaimu area and will relocate to the subject property upon com- pletion of the proposed dwelling and maintain it as his primary residence. To %, %.1 I I )1; ] f„. '1•,1, }1a 1 267,000 T ::: 01® .: I I "Al September 2, 2025 10 VO.G.V 1 m.,ive cc:N..7ERN: The undersigned i, lie MA naging rrFeirritie,rs of Kairnu Cove L LC, o..vier t 3.677 acre propo 'demi ri Cti J1 7110K: 1-2-i3111:00), lor4tecl along the Kalaparia•Xapoho Beach Road within the Kai mu-Makera 1-gorrieStiea CIS, DiStriet of Puma_ A autharizpd representat ive5.of the ownPr of the subject prcperty, r2 hereby authorize the tiling rFf an SfyilA Use Pernrifit Assessment ppIiCJtii3n to al ow fur the con5truct ion Of a single-fa:Tilly piePhI court 2rid its relatod improvements al the subject property'. this letter, we 2iS4.3 authorize: Daryri Arai, Pia nriiilE CCiriS.ultidnit, to icict LF, wilt the flilnE and processilg cif this application berare the Cori ', Of Flaw@iii. Septemb,er2 2G25 Mark 'Wyatt/ilia nagmig Member Date Kairru Cove LLC PO Box 4866 Pahoa, HI 9677S rPriternbeir 2. ?C125 Lisa Arin Senharn, Raging. MP Titipr Date iiniu C.cive LLC PO Box 4866 Pahoa, Hi 967/,8 BACKGROUND AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION REPORT REGARDING SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ASSESSMENT APPLICATION Applicant: KAIMU COVE LLC Request: Proposed construction of a single-family dwelling, pickleball court and its related improvements on a portion of a 3.677-acre property situated within the Special Management Area Tax Map Key: (3) 1-2-018:001 Kaimu-Makena Homesteads, Kaimu, Puna District Hawaii Island Prepared by: Daryn Arai, Planning Consultant September 2025 Table of Contents A. DETAILS OF PROPOSED USE/DEVELOPMENT 1 1. Applicant's Request 1 2. Location of Property 1 3. Statement of Objectives and reasons for the request 3 4. Proposed Project Details 3 5. Timeframe and cost 3 C. LAND USE AND OTHER REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS 4 6. State Land Use Designation 4 7. Current County Zoning 4 8. General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map: 6 9. Puna Community Development Plan. 6 10. Coastal Zone Management, HRS, Chapter 205A 9 11. Special Management Area (SMA) 9 12. Certified Shoreline Survey 9 D. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY AND SURROUNDING AREA 11 13. Subject Property 11 14. Surrounding Zoning/Land Uses 11 15. ALISH: Other Important Agricultural Lands 11 16. Land Study Bureau's Detailed Land Classification System 11 17. US Soil Survey 11 18. FIRM 12 19. Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Adaptation Report (2017) 13 20. Flora/Fauna Resources 14 21. Archaeological Resources 14 22. Cultural or Native Gathering Rights 17 23. Public Access 17 E. PUBLIC UTILITIES AND SERVICES 17 38. Access: 17 39. Water 17 40. Wastewater 17 42. Essential Utilities and Services 18 F. STATEMENT IN SUPPORT OF SMA USE PERMIT REQUEST 18 33. Anticipated effects upon the Special Management Area 20 G. OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES OF CHAPTER 205A AND SMA GUIDELINES 21 H. CONCLUSION 24 BACKGROUND AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION REGARDING SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ASSESSMENT APPLICATION FOR MARK WYATT Affecting Tax Map Key: (3) 1-2-018: 001; Kaimu-Makena Homesteads, Kaimu, Puna A. DETAILS OF PROPOSED USE/ DEVELOPMENT 1. Applicant's Request Mark Wyatt, hereinafter referred to as "Applicant", has filed this Special Management Area Use Permit Assessment application to allow for the construction of a two-story, two-bedroom single family dwelling, pickleball court and its related improvements within the northeast portion of the subject property consisting of approximately 3.677 acres of land situated along the Kalapana-Kapoho Beach Road within the Kaimu-Makena Homesteads, District of Puna. 2. Location of Property The subject property is located at along the makai side of the Kalapana-Kapoho Road (State Route 137), approximately 2,450 feet to the northeast from its intersection with the Pahoa-Kalapana Road (State Highway 130), and identified as TMK: 1-2-018: 001 (refer to Figure 1 - Location Map and Figure 2 -Tax Map below). • • UBJE mow. Figure 1 - Location Map 11Page ;,. N\N‘..H''..,,,,•_,„.1:',_•,.._.,,, +•°c:.:,,,, .11 —....., 1 k L tw / .__ , .. g ,' 1' A. , Di'11:1• i (h slx: nii ,,,_ ., I fr,„ ....., „„,..... „.... 1 i c— Z• 13.i ,•( 0 N t 4,.."i. •K ,• , ...... , . -I„...,,, . I i 1 t .., ; — - 1 a 1 1 I ill t,..1 3 l't At . 'IP, 1 i-' i t 0 k i , k.. "Z rr,Ei lilIZ, t r , ., ' --go-xi. ,:Th-,,,.-ri•-®-Trm-rito,-"z ,,f7.,--.---:..,.:;-'5-''''''' ., ' 'O. I, i‘ ti. "' I ':f.f 4. t.:.'..:. '"i — ,9 li r•-• k, ,ore, NY,F., ..3',rrir ir171.le i, t 11 1 1 P.0 ' 1W71'.911 7,:'''-- .....- . , : „..... •—,,,,,,,, ,,,;!, •,11 1 1 1 ..,, ;' i': 4 , L. ,_• ''''.ip I Q. * ,- il ,-., A.,.ar,5" Al!2,11f. '..1 1011160.71ra,,, .. . '7' --'13'-,:;%, L'',' 4'.' 2 •. , i .. . 71 II.':. 2 r is raw , .liir r.6, 6 o 4 I,.4,....,,, , . ,. , . .„.__A°' ...55i ,..., S. , , ... Nti 'EP .14 . .4 44 ip-) ,.. . • "• • . , , - -II 1441 111/ .0) • , ;1.1, % ',,.,. ,, 4 1 Nit r.4 _411J,........., ''' •_r. I!° 4.....•,a,,, : - OW r4R1 :, •,$' 11 -.•, --....'"--, 4 4 e , is Figure 2 -Tax Map Wage 3. Statement of Objectives and reasons for the request The Applicant wishes to construct a two-story, 2-bedroom single-family dwelling and related facilities, such as driveway and wastewater systems, a pickleball court and associated utilities within the 3.677-acre property. The Applicant resides nearby within the Kaimu area and will relocate to the subject property upon completion of the proposed dwelling and maintain it as his primary residence. 4. Proposed Project Details (see Figure 3 — Proposed Site Plan & Exhibit A-Building Plans) a. Proposed Single-family dwelling: The proposed single-family dwelling will consist of the following: 1) 2-story dwelling, consisting of 2 bedrooms (one bedroom on each level); 2) 1st level having 384 square feet of living area (1 bedroom & 1 bath) and a 320 square foot porch with 2-car garage; 3) 2nd level having 768 square feet of living area (1 bedroom, 1 bath & living room with kitchen) and a 320 square foot lanai; 4) 60' X 35' pickleball court, slab on grade only, no fencing around perimeter, just a low perimeter landscaped hedge. b. Access: Access to the proposed dwelling will be directly from the Kalapana-Kapoho Beach Road via a 15-foot wide compacted gravel driveway. A 5-foot tall rock wall and gate system is proposed at this entry point, having a total length of approximately 55 feet. c. Water: County water is available to support the proposed single-family dwelling via an existing water meter located along Kalapana-Kapoho Beach Road. d. Wastewater: A septic system will be installed in a manner meeting with the requirements of the State Department of Health. f. Site Improvements: The proposed dwelling site had been previously altered by a prior landowner. Therefore, site alteration is anticipated to be minimal, with the exception of grading or excavation associated with the installation of the building foundation, pickleball court and septic system. The construction of the single-family dwelling will also involve the installation of associated utility improvements, such as access driveway (compacted gravel), waterline installation and electrical utility poles. No use, land alteration or vertical construction will be permitted within the 40-foot shoreline setback area as established by a shoreline survey of the subject property certified by the Board of Land and Natural Resources on March 29, 2023. 5. Timeframe and cost Upon issuance of an SMA Use Permit, the Applicant will promptly submit plans for the proposed dwelling with the Department of Public Works with construction commencing immediately upon issuance of a building permit, with completion within 2 years given it will be owner-builder. Associated known costs and estimates associated with the proposed project are as follows: • Construction of proposed single-family dwelling & utilities - $250,000 • Pickleball court - $5,000 • Rock wall and gate at entrance - $12,000 Wage Propnede.xkoraP4.w°.mil"e a l�a fry mn, •- ��"r 7� li'� .III Mi‘llin r- 7 . a i — :Y1 A.aroMINEK. ZiL 4111 �°� ri .R r,.4.M1� eJ ' �� y�y,,,, l'60 \ I dlir , 71 we, ----,.. lir ....,,,-.,,--irr-, Y 1 LOT G .0, „.. 4111, 4 ...e . Figure 3 - Proposed Site Plan C. LAND USE AND OTHER REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS 6. State Land Use Designation: Urban. The subject property is situated within an area designated for Urban uses by the State Land Use Commission, as shown on Figure 4—State Land Use 7. Current County Zoning: Residential and Agricultural-0.5 acre minimum lot size (RA-.5a) The Residential and Agricultural (RA) zoning district provides for activities or uses characterized by low density residential lots in rural areas where "city-like" concentrations of people, structures, streets, and urban level of services are absent, and where small farms are intermixed with low density residential lots. The RA district is intended to be only within areas designated as being in the State land use rural or urban districts. (see Figure 5 - Current Area Zoning) 4IPage CI 61'4,4 MO ALIN 111 .EN , • Figure 4—State Land Use Ci A. ird 1.4•3. OP E - N'� I du' w" Figure 5—Current Area Zoning SIPage 8. General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map: The County of Hawaii General Plan is the policy document for the long-range comprehensive development of the island of Hawai`i. The General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) map classifies the subject property and area directly inland (mauka) for Extensive Agricultural uses, which are lands not classified as Important Agricultural Land. Such lands are not capable of producing sustained, high agricultural yields without the intensive application of modern farming methods and technologies due to certain physical constraints such as soil composition, slope, machine tillability and climate. Other less intensive agricultural uses such as grazing and pasture may be included in the Extensive Agriculture category. Portion of the subject property along the shoreline prior to the certified shoreline is designated Open (see Figure 6- General Plan LUPAG Map) Fm F J 4 AG R[CLILILIFAL OPEN 4 LOW 0 E P.I"Ei P T° I!R BAN .1\ ifi rr,,iu„hu„ SU L}J LCT F P,'OP Fq T X xt or Figure 6—General Plan LUPAG Map 9. Puna Community Development Plan: The Puna CDP (PCDP) was developed and adopted by the Hawaii County Council on August 27, 2008. It became effective on September 10, 2008 as Ordinance No. 08 116. The PCDP does not define any specific land use pattern for the area in proximity to Wage the subject property. However, the PCDP established three (3) major themes that guided the development of the plan: • Malama 1 Ka'Aina which "establishes how the contextual natural, historic and cultural features of Puna should be preserved." (emphasis added) • Growth Management which "addresses how the future pattern of human settlement and land use should be shaped to respect that context and support the desired quality of life for Puna's residents." (emphasis added) • Transportation which "focuses on sustainable approaches to transportation to support the goals of the two above themes." Relative to the Malama I Ka'Aina theme, four (4) major elements were identified and assigned goals, objectives, and actions. These elements and their relationship to the proposed action follow: 1. Historic, Cultural, and Scenic Resources An archaeological inventory survey of the subject property in 1992 (see Exhibit B) did identify four (4) sites as significant for the information they contain, but because sufficient data has been collected from each site, they can be evaluated as "no longer significant" and that no further archaeological work be required on the subject property. Nonetheless, should there be inadvertent discoveries during the construction of this project, work will stop and contacts with the County Planning Department and State Historic Preservation Division will be made. Furthermore, the project site is not known as hosting any cultural or scenic resources. A 2024 field inspection and cultural consultation (see Exhibit C) supports the findings of the 1992 survey, with the three relocated sites in similar condition to what was previously described and indicate that the subject property was used during the Precontact to early Historic periods for temporary habitation purposes, with associated storage and limited agricultural also occurring. No potential burial features were identified within the subject property nor were any possible burial locations identified as a result of consultation by the archaeologist. This report also included consultation with several long-time residents of the area to determine who may have knowledge of any burials within the project area and information on the nearby cemetery. According to the report, none of the consulted parties knew of any burial sites within the project area. Based on these findings, the current study, combined with the findings of the previous survey, supports a HRS Chapter 6E-42 determination of "No historic properties affected" for the proposed subdivision and development of the subject property. 2. Native Forests and Geological Features An assessment of floral and faunal resources and its geology indicates that the goals and objectives of this element would not be compromised by the proposed construction of a dwelling within a previously graded portion of the subject property that is absent of any vegetation aside from typical grasses and weeds. 7IPage 3. Aquifers, Coastal Waters and Stormwaters The subject property is not proximate to potable wells in this area. Notwithstanding that factor, the proposed subdivision will utilize septic systems meeting with the approval of the State Department of Health. The subject property is also not subject to storm waters or coastal flooding nor the effects of sea level rise. Given the above, the goals and objectives of this element would be fulfilled. Testimony related to this property have spoken about the presence of tide pools within the area that could be affected by development. However, the tidepools mentioned are not situated within or along the shoreline frontage of the subject property. 4. Shoreline Area The Applicant has secured a certified shoreline survey of the subject property and has plotted the location of the 40-foot shoreline setback. The proposed single-family dwelling and related improvements will be situated approximately 140 to 150 feet mauka of the certified shoreline. The other theme is Managing Growth. For this, six (6) elements were identified. These elements and their relationship to the project follow. 1. Land Use Pattern Evaluating this request against the articulated goals and objectives of the Managing Growth theme, the request would be consistent with the following Goals of the PCDP: • Puna retains a rural character while it protects its native natural and cultural resources. • Reduces the exposure to high risk from natural hazard situations. 2. Agriculture and Economic Development The PCDP identifies the following: Goals • Increase opportunities for diversified agriculture • Preserve lands for agricultural use • Increase local market share of Puna agricultural products Objectives • Discourage urban growth and further subdivision on lands that have been identified as having agricultural value. While the General Plan does identify the subject property for extensive agricultural activities, its small size and location between a public road and the ocean precludes its use for extensive agricultural activities. As such, the proposed subdivision should not have an adverse impact on the agriculture industry since the location, size and soil conditions do not present the subject property as having any significant agricultural value. 3. Social Services and Housing As this is not a social service or more affordable housing project, this section is not applicable. Wage 4. Public Safety and Sanitation Services Public safety services are available Pahoa. All solid waste generated by the project will be disposed of at either the transfer station in Pahoa or at the Hilo Transfer Station. No sewer system exists in the subject area, and the Applicant will comply with Department of Health requirements regarding proper wastewater disposal methods. 5. Parks and Recreation This section is not applicable, as the project would have no direct impacts on parks. 6. Energy Sustainability The subject property has access to the electrical grid and will be able to secure electrical service to the proposed dwelling. The third theme is Transportation. The proposed construction of a single-family dwelling is not subject to the goals and polices of this theme is not applicable to this project. However, the subject property is located within the established Kaimu-Makena Homestead community within a residential area having lot sizes ranging from 5,300 square feet to over 3 acres. The effectiveness of enhancing transportation facilities and options is dependent upon the density and distribution of users. In summary, the proposed construction of a single-family dwelling on the subject property will maintain the rural character of this area of Puna while remaining consistent with the themes outlined by the PCDP. 10. Coastal Zone Management, HRS, Chapter 205A The entire State of Hawaii lies within the Coastal Zone Management area. The intent of the Coastal Zone Management Program is to guide and regulate public and private uses in the coastal zone management area with respect to recreational resources, historic resources, public access to the shoreline, scenic and open space resources, coastal ecosystems, marine resources, economic uses, coastal hazards, managing development, public participation, and beach protection. 11. Special Management Area (SMA) The Special Management Area (SMA) is a part of the Coastal Zone Management Program that is regulated by the County, established to promote the State's policy to preserve, protect, and where possible, to restore the natural resources of the coastal zone of Hawaii. Therefore, special controls on development within the area along the shoreline are necessary to avoid permanent loss of valuable resources and the foreclosure of management options, and to ensure that adequate public access is provided to public-owned or used beaches, recreation areas, and natural reserves, by dedication or other means. The subject property is situated within the SMA due to its immediate proximity to the shoreline. 12. Certified Shoreline Survey A certified shoreline survey of the subject property was secured on March 29, 2023 from the Board of Land and Natural Resources. The certified shoreline migrated inland from the makai boundaries of the 3.677-acre subject property as defined by tax Wage maps, reducing the overall land area of the subject property to 3.677 acres, as shown on Figure 7 —Certified Shoreline Survey.,..,„._ ik -di '' •!. ,i— ..., --5 mil" -7"..•ON 1,-* 1. ....,.. N v - -I 1 SIti - r t' 1 — , •i IF ti Illib 1 1!11 ill . i i cr! 1 '.0 3 .. LoF„ii I,- ri 4 m i <• • a ILI D ) .._ •,44. El'_ lit 1 . CR i I i II.14-. Ifr il: 111 - rt. %.11" 4 , P Et ,,,, i„ Ur1 1 — 11 ql : re „ , I , , i ... ',..", ,, 44. It _ 111 .„:„..-_ 1:: ,-• .,,, • 21-11 ., 1 1 - '-'41 dt, - m in 040 .. E7 116r; id r - ...if -E,• ..' C-3= ..,J. •ir - C'Ll 411 . . ,. RI :111 !•••• ili 1 .4 _, I.9. • ''Z E. r• .irc .._. .. , ,.. 1 —.\ Ili ;1 uk• bril.,C -I .n.. )7 I lb CI I ,, -:. , ? , •r:1; .IL \,,,s ii I 'it ..r L,3 ,. i !,..„:4,....' 0 ° .•;•" : % : ,.. • % •ri. 11"' %.t.' \'''':' . . . . 4 • ,•—. • \N [1, , . ... .;.... ..... E.. , ..„ _ .et m, . \ k 1 '''t 'c. P i, .(5....7„,,,,, 't N• -61•Wih„ \ LI i. L. 2. 1,1 r-E,. A .9. I I n'''' •IMI :till i r ez. . — — F.:.6,1° 21 , ,,.._,,--1 jii. . .• i gti;l . ix •llf I r g la 7 411fWAIIIF 1/216 li :,.. II 1 0 j ii A• • l'n ; '•!_gi,' _ -,,T a4pi 72; - * . I! .1? 11. Ni 1 I .. i 1 0 1 i i I I i .1 il ‘1 1 C i.• , AN .. jfallj 4 Ft 4 4. .H I 1r,' p 8 L. , _......., I ,..-...--,•- \ IIIi , d ,.. ,.L...,... El i 4 4 4 I •:":i.m I I NIh k's- •, \ .• . k ri 11 ,',...... . .., . ....4 ,at ..'"' vitir?rt 7.4 Arq 114 . . r....,a ZStr!, ...a! ,. 711. la IL t Figure 7—Certified Shoreline Survey 10IPage D. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY AND SURROUNDING AREA 13. Subject Property The property is trapezoid in shape and 3.677-acres in size and situated between the Kalapana-Kapoho Beach Road and the shoreline (see Figure 8-Aerial Site Map). The Aerial Site Plan is based on March 7, 2023 imagery obtained via Google Earth. The subject property is currently vacant of any use or structure, aside from some limited clearing by the previous landowner for a proposed driveway and house pad circa 1992. However, the proposed home was never constructed and the previously cleared driveway and house pad is now overgrown with vegetation. More recently, the Applicant cleared and graded a portion of the subject property along its northern boundary, beginning at the Kalapana-Kapoho Beach Road and extending all the way down to the shoreline. Upon issuance of a Notice of Violation by the Planning Department, all work has ceased and the Aerial Site Map shows that vegetation has begun to reestablish itself. 14. Surrounding Zoning/Land Uses The subject property is located within a portion of the Kaimu-Makena Homesteads, a collection of lots and subdivisions that span an area along the eastern side of the junction of Pahoa-Kalapana (Hwy 130) and Kalapana-Kapoho (Hwy 137) roads, and is predominately zoned for Residential and Agricultural (RA) uses with a minimum lot size of 1/2-acre. Adjacent to the east and makai of the Kalapana-Kapoho Beach Road are State lands zoned for Open (0) uses with agricultural-zoned lands (A-3a) along the mauka side of this road. The subject property basically defines the eastern- most extent of the Kaimu-Makena Homesteads. 15.ALISH: Other Important Agricultural Lands The subject property is not classified as by the Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawaii. 16. Land Study Bureau's Detailed Land Classification System Soils within the subject property are classified as having very poor agricultural productivity rating (Class E soils). 17. US Soil Survey: Hakuma highly organic hydrous loam (666) These soils series consist of shallow, moderately well drained soils formed in basic volcanic ash over pahoehoe lava. Hakuma soils are on the low elevation, windward slopes of Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes. Slopes range from 2 to 10 percent. Mean annual rainfall is about 154 inches. Hakuma soils are generally found in open canopied forest. A few areas are used for pasture. Natural vegetation is ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha), treefern (Cibotium chamissoi or C. glauca), uluhe (Dicranopteris linearis) and guava (Psidium guajava). 11 I Page 18. FIRM Zone "X" - determined to be outside the 500-year flood plain (see Figure 9— Flood Hazard Map. There are no known existing drainageways that traverse through the subject property. Y .Y. ',� — •��OI Te..,.,•W •T-.`"""..• �, � ,h• ''.' . :�ix•• .:.A_,r .._.�r • .,�•::■ nor ' �'�'■°• "S°:i a ..: m . " 0.e.! •......,,, ...„ . ,,..,,,..1. • Ai • A ' ' ` +�fit-:, n w 6 u�s . Nr °III T 1• ® ':u::•,: ,. '' L �,"I lWt "a.• 'i[.",f■I kW.Wd'-.'1.3!^�'rv, Yd .'.d uu .._ ';:, •ICY� Y, a w + eP �'''•u . . sp k 4 ■ k w ■ • R u • 1R oTh ,fiat w,� A • ,:I. �.Y i.A - .■ Yl�µ A Y-"N . .III. ■ - rl nri s1"....„ ., • . .. • � ",. - r _ r ■per pY y ti y _ • 4 e•„ � e1�v.. 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'°. , a„ . wn Y. nb �■1 " ...� � " ' a e.ru',,•-,�a 1 .u,.: � ��.;weVu��:� Y�: i,V " � r:.,�IIEI,.,,•n.m, s •mow 'T °+■� �C L iik '• 1, •" q41:Fdr iroilk, 1 '�� w. �... �1�. �� W�A: p� '"" I�® .: S'Ji.,� j�kis'.; �, aT::, • WjP tiIITT � y,� ,.AI � �, s •.: _� ��u wlrIII . Y� m� '141 f zf1 �P wm 7„ '0, �. ,.:o i P' - - ' "9 r"• . "ram.46 A a „r u T Iu •; `.„L-::, ,1 .'.`,r`u Ir, d,'■ •'-I;, II uYYV': ,dL _YI•�Y+4 � -' � � Figure 8—Aerial Site Map 12IPage p I ° z y .T.1 L it I 1,17.111.411111 ft! mir= AiLowr. mi., ° ° • YYh�°1i�sNrtk ;-�w m °° m°. °u■ y .� ar Figure 9— Flood Hazard Map 19. Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Adaptation Report (2017) The Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Adaptation Report ("report") provides the first state-wide assessment of Hawaii's vulnerability to sea level rise and offered recommendations to reduce the exposure and sensitivity to sea level rise and increase the State's capacity to adapt. The report assessed the best available science on climate change and sea level rise and provides recommendations based on emerging good practices. One such practice is that the magnitude and rate of sea level rise warrants planning for 3.2 feet of sea level rise by 2100. Towards that end, the Sea Level Rise Exposure Area (SLR-XA) shows that the subject property and the location of the proposed single-family dwelling will not be vulnerable to 3.2 feet of sea level rise, as depicted in Figure 10 - SLR Viewer. 13IPage � Lr. E.: Rise ; St,. i cf H--10wA •I Si.i Legal I!5r. Ii e'r:r infirorainlve ®j Told lini 5! penile 5,,re rh.o4..i.'i Fe;I oL,!,,gmS1'Viirrier,riaoyapt w., r,Jr. 1 R1 ,,rr !'Via lem =�a,a�,,r:Ti r 1 r Li .10.10 x W� Figure 10—SLR Viewer 20. Flora/Fauna Resources No professional flora or faunal surveys were conducted of the subject property. However, the Applicant has not identified any endangered species of plants or animals within the subject property and especially not within the northeastern portion of the property where the proposed homesite will be located. The on-site vegetation includes guava, lauae, ti, noni, hau, hala, milo, ohia, monkeypod, christmas berry, melochia, gunpowder trees, cane grass,java plum and verbina. Near the west property line there are some common mangos, avocado and banana from the neighbors. Naupaka occurs along the shoreline areas. As previously mentioned, the proposed single-family dwelling will be constructed within that portion of the subject property previously disturbed. While no endangered species of fauna was observed on the subject property, its location and shoreline proximity could see threatened or endangered species such as the Hawaiian Hoary Bat, Hawaiian (koloa) Duck, Hawaiian (Nene) Goose, Hawaiian Petrel, Hawaiian Coot, Band-rumped Storm-petrel, Hawaiian Stilt, Newell's Townsend's Shearwater and the Short-tailed Albatross. The Blackburn's Sphinx Moth is the only endangered species of insect that could inhabit the affected area. 21.Archaeological Resources 1992 Archaeological Inventory Survey The subject property was subject to an inventory level archaeological survey conducted by Robert Spear, Ph.D. in 1992 (Exhibit A). The report, titled "An Inventory Level Survey of the Robinson Property, Puna District, Island of Hawai`i(TMK: 1-2-18:1) November 1992", identified four (4) archaeological sites within the subject property that include: 14IPage • Site 18,525—C-shaped structure built of stacked sub-angular to sub-rounded basalt cobbles and small boulders. No buried cultural features were found in this structure, which functioned as a temporary structure. • Site 18,526—two surface features consisting of a C-shape and a rock mound, both consisting of sub-angular and sub-rounded basalt cobbles and small bounders. No cultural material was found in the C-shaped structure, which functioned as a temporary shelter. The small mound probably functioned as an agricultural feature. • Site 18,527—a post-contact wall structure that extended along the base of the fill for the Kalapana-Kapoho Beach Road and extended beyond the subject property to the southwest until it was eventually covered by fill associated with the road construction. Most likely served as a boundary wall. • Site 18528—small modified hole in a lava bubble. No cultural material was found in association with this feature and there proved to be no potential for excavation inside the opening. The feature function is unclear, but could have served as a storage area or small planting area. The presence of a nearby cemetery (locally known as Makena Cemetery) was a specific concern during the survey, so special attention was paid to determine if structures similar to those identified in the cemetery were also present within the subject property. No such features were identified., nor were there other features identified that were interpreted as burials. The archaeological also concluded that the soil build-up within the subject property was so shallow as to preclude the presence of subsurface burials. The report concluded that all four (4) sites are significant under Criterion D because of the information they contain. However, because sufficient data has been collected from each site, they can be evaluated as "no longer significant" and that no further archaeological work be required on the subject property. January 2024 Archaeological Field Inspection and Cultural Consultation (Exhibit B) The Applicant contracted with ASM Affiliates who conducted an archaeological field inspection of the subject property to confirm and update findings from the earlier archaeological inventory survey and a cultural consultation to confirm the presence or absence of burial sites. According to the report, "There has been some prior ground disturbance along the northeast, southwest, and mauka edges of the project area. On the 'a`a flow in the northeastern portion of the parcel, a grubbed and graded driveway(Figure 8)meanders along the property line and accesses a graded house pad near the coast on a promontory that overlooks the rest of the parcel(this area was mostly recently cleared in 2022). There is a second roadway which diverts from the upper road and is routed down through the middle of the project area to the coast(Figure 9). This road may have been already present when previously surveyed in 1992, as something resembling it is mentioned by Spear(1992). Bulldozer push piles were also observed along the boundary with the adjacent residential property to the southwest near the middle of the project area. These push piles appear to be related to the clearing of that neighboring parcel. A 15IPage number of brush piles, seemingly from hand clearing activities, were also noted in the northeastern portion of the project area at the base of the 'a`a flow. The pedestrian survey conducted located three of the four sites previously documented by Spear in 1992. The fourth site, a C-shaped feature [Site 15,525] located within the eastern portion of the project site at the base of an `a`a flow, could not be located as it was destroyed by mechanical ground disturbance after the acceptance of the Spear (1992) survey. The result of the current survey supports the findings of the Spear (1992) survey, with the three relocated sites in similar condition to what was previously described and indicate that the subject property was used during the Precontact to early Historic periods for temporary habitation purposes, with associated storage and limited agricultural also occurring. No potential burial features were identified within the subject property nor were any possible burial locations identified as a result of consultation by the archaeologist. A consultation with several long-time residents of the area was also conducted, that included descendants of the `ohana Keli`iho`omalu and Kealoha families, namely Ms. Ke`ala Keli`iho`omalu, Mrs. Leialoha Ilae-Kaleimamahu, and Mrs. Ku'ulei Kealoha- Cooper by phone. According to the report, "Following the initial phone calls, each of the three consulted parties were provided with a consultation letter and maps specifying ASM's search for persons who may have knowledge of any burials within the project area and information on the nearby cemetery. Each of the consulted parties contacted additional family members to seek such information. Ms. Keli`iho`omalu spoke with elder relatives Prince Keli`iho`omalu, Sam Keli`iho`omalu, Noenoe Dunn, Tiana Dunn, Jerry Dunn, Princess Keli`iho`omalu, Jr. Keli`iho`omalu, and Tiara Keli`iho`omalu. Ms. Keli`iho`omalu indicated that her uncle Sam also attempted to reach out to Aku Hauani`o and Kamu Quihano and that her father attempted to reach out to Annie Ka`aukai and Leslie Enriques. Mrs. Ilae-Kalaimamahu also contacted members of the `ohana Keli`iho`omalu and recommended that ASM staff contact Mrs. Kealoha-Cooper since she had heard that the cemetery belonged to the Kealoha family. Mrs. Kealoha- Cooper was contacted by ASM and she spoke with several of her relatives, including her mother." According to the report, none of the consulted parties knew of any burial sites within the project area. Subsequent email correspondence with Mrs. Kealoha-Cooper clarified that the cemetery did not belong to the Kealoha `Ohana, however, her mother related that in the 1930s and 1940s, the Kalapana Church was located near the cemetery and that her tutu (Mrs. Kealoha-Cooper's great-grandmother) Emma Nai`a was a pillar of that church. She added that there is a Kealoha cemetery in `Opihikao but was not aware of any such family cemetery in Kaimu. Based on these findings,the current study, combined with the findings of the previous survey, supports a HRS Chapter 6E-42 determination of "No historic properties affected" by the proposed subdivision development of the subject property, which has now been reduced in scope to a single-family dwelling. 16 I Page 22. Cultural or Native Gathering Rights According to the Applicant, there are no known customary or Native Hawaiian cultural rights exercised within the subject property. The presence of Makena Cemetery nearby along the mauka side of the Kaimu-Kapoho Beach Road was of special concern by the archaeologist (Spear 1992) who paid special attention to look for features within the subject property that could be interpreted as burials, and none was found. As mentioned previously, recent consultation with several long-time residents of the area was also conducted during the current study, that included descendants of the `ohana Keli`iho`omalu and Kealoha families, none of whom knew of any burial sites within the project area. If a burial is encountered during land disturbance activities, the Applicant will immediately cease all work and notify the Planning Department and the State Historic Preservation Division to await proper direction and clearance before any land alteration work can resume. 23. Public Access The nearest formal access to the shoreline is situated along Kalapana Beach Haven Road, situated approximately 640 feet to the southwest of the subject property along the Kalapana-Kapoho Beach Road. Due to the location of the proposed single- family dwelling, no lateral access along the shoreline will be affected. E. PUBLIC UTILITIES AND SERVICES 38. Access: Access to the subject property is from the Kalapana-Kapoho Beach Road, a State- maintained roadway with a roughly 10-foot wide pavement and unimproved shoulders within an approximately 80-foot wide right-of-way. 39. Water County water is currently available to support the proposed single-family dwelling via an existing meter located along the Kalapana-Kapoho Beach Road. 40. Wastewater There is no municipal sewer system servicing the subject area. The proposed single- family dwelling will be serviced by individual septic system meeting with the approval of the State Department of Health. 41. Solid Waste Solid waste will be handled through commercial haulers or disposal by the landowner into authorized landfill sites or transfer stations, the nearest of which is located approximately 1/2-mile to the northeast of the subject property. All waste generated by construction-related activities will have to be transported to the West Hawaii Sanitary Landfill in Pu'uanahulu, North Kona. 17 I Page 42. Essential Utilities and Services Other utilities, such as electrical, cable and telephone services, will be made available to the subject property. F. STATEMENT IN SUPPORT OF SMA USE PERMIT REQUEST The approval of the Applicant's request to develop a proposed single-family dwelling within a portion of the 3.677-acre property will not be contrary to Chapter 205A, Hawaii Revised Statues, relating to Coastal Zone Management. The subject property nor the proposed homesite is not subject to any coastal hazard nor anticipated to have any adverse impact upon coastal resources. The proposed single-family dwelling, due to its location and limited scope, will not have any adverse impact on cultural or historical resources in the area or upon any endangered species of plants or animals. In view of the Hawaii State Supreme Court's "PASH" and "Ka Pa`akai 0 Ka'Aina" decisions, the issue relative to native Hawaiian gathering and fishing rights must be addressed in terms of the cultural, historical, and natural resources and the associated traditional and customary practices of the site. It is unlikely that there are any valued cultural, historic and natural resources to be found within the property. Two archaeological studies conducted on the subject property concludes that all four (4) sites are significant under Criterion D because of the information they contain. However, because sufficient data has been collected from each site, they can be evaluated as "no longer significant" and that no further archaeological work be required on the subject property. Consultation with several long-time residents of the area was also conducted and none of the consulted parties knew of any burial sites within the project area. For these reasons, the Applicant could find no evidence of any possible adverse effects or impairments that will occur to any valued resources should the proposed construction of single-family dwellings be allowed. Should the Applicant inadvertently encounter any remains of historic sites, such as rock walls, terraces, platforms, marine shell concentrations or human burials, the Applicant agree to cease any work in the immediate area and contact the Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-HPD), resuming activities only upon securing archaeological clearance from DLNR-HPD when it finds that sufficient mitigation measures have been taken. Approval of the request to construct the proposed single-family dwelling will not be contrary to Chapter 205A, Hawaii Revised Statues, relating to Coastal Zone Management nor the guidelines for approval of an SMA Use Permit as prescribed by Planning Commission Rule No. 9 regarding the Special Management Area. The subject property is situated within the Special Management Area with direct frontage along the shoreline. However, the subject property is not subject to any coastal hazard nor the effects of sea-level rise. Therefore, the construction of a single- family dwelling within a portion of the 3.677-acre subject property is not anticipated to have any adverse impact upon coastal resources such as coastal recreational and marine resources, coastal ecosystems or the public use and recreational use of any 18IPage beach. Based on a March 29, 2023 certified shoreline survey, a 40-foot wide shoreline setback is established that will manage all structures and land use activities within this shoreline setback area to ensure that coastal processes and resources are protected. The subject property was subject to an inventory level archaeological survey conducted by Robert Spear, Ph.D. in 1992 which identified four (4) archaeological sites within the subject property that include two C-shaped structures probably used as a temporary structure and an agricultural feature, a post-contact boundary wall, and a modified hole in a lava bubble probably used for storage or a small planting area. There were no features identified that could be interpreted as burials. The archaeological also concluded that the soil build-up within the subject property was so shallow as to preclude the presence of subsurface burials. The report concluded that all four (4) sites are significant under Criterion D because of the information they contain. However, because sufficient data has been collected from each site, they can be evaluated as "no longer significant" and that no further archaeological work be required on the subject property. A January 2024 archaeological field inspection and cultural consultation confirmed these previous findings and found that the current study, combined with the findings of the previous survey, supports a HRS Chapter 6E-42 determination of "No historic properties affected" for the proposed subdivision and development of the subject property. Therefore, it is not anticipated that the proposed request will have any adverse impact on cultural or historical resources in the area. The subject property, zoned RA-.5a, is similarly designated as the rest of the area referred to as the Kaimu-Makena Homesteads. The subject property itself represents the eastern extent of this homestead area, with lands beyond retained by the State. While the General Plan suggests that the subject property be utilized for extensive agricultural purposes, it designates it as the only lot on the makai side of the Kalapana- Kapoho Beach Road, squeezed between Low Density Urban uses for the rest of the homestead area, and Open uses for the State lands immediately to the east. Extensive agricultural pursuits simply cannot happen on this 3.677-acre shoreline parcel, which is clearly best suited for residential uses as is the rest of the Kaimu-Makena Homesteads. For these reasons, the Applicant feels that allowing the construction of a single-family dwelling within a portion of the subject property is supportive of the County's efforts towards managing development through the General Plan that also encourages the County to: • Designate and allocate land uses in appropriate proportions and mix and in keeping with the social, cultural and physical environments of the County. With a policy that: • Vacant lands in urban areas and urban expansion areas should be made available for residential uses before additional agricultural lands are converted into residential uses. Finally, in terms of the public participation objective, this is generally a public agency function. This is achieved through the Marine and Coastal Zone Management 19IPage Advisory Group (MACZMAG). Planning Commission rule of practices and procedure determines what level of"development" warrants formal proceedings before the Windward Planning Commission and those actions that may be administratively approved by the Planning Director. In this particular instance, the construction of a single-family residential dwelling on a building site may not be considered as "development" under Commission rules and the Applicant finds that the proposed action, with the implementation of appropriate mitigating measures as described in this application, would justify its approval by the Planning Director without further SMA review. 33.Anticipated effects upon the Special Management Area a. Relationship of proposed action to land use plans, policies and control The subject property represents the eastern extent of that area designated Urban by the State Land Use Commission and recognized as a part of the Kaimu- Makena Homesteads. The Puna Community Development Plan does not offer any land use policies specific to the Kaimu area, but as stated above, the General Plan does focus more urban types of uses, such as the proposed single-family residential use, in existing Urban areas which is the case presented by the Applicant. b. Description of how project will affect area and surrounding lands The subject property lies within a long-established homestead area that has a number of single-family residences. This proposed construction of a single-family residential dwelling on the subject property will be no different. Lands beyond the subject property to the east and north (mauka) being owned by the State. All necessary utilities and services to support the proposed single-family residential use is or will be made available. Kalapana-Kapoho Beach Road is a two- lane County-maintained roadway that can easily accommodate the traffic generated by this single-family residential use. c. Description of impacts that cannot be avoided and applied mitigation measures The development of the subject property as a single-family residential homestead will change the landscape in this particular section of the Kaimu-Makena Homesteads. But as a part of this homestead area, the proposed development will not be contrary to the existing residential character within this section of Kaimu. Lands to the east beyond the subject property is owned by the State, providing adequate coastal open space opportunities along this scenic roadway. During construction of the proposed single-family dwelling, best management practices will be implemented to insure that excessive dust or runoff is controlled. If required by the Department of Public Works, a grubbing and grading permit will be secured prior to land alteration activities. No such land alteration activities will be permitted within the 40-foot shoreline setback area, which will be clearly delineated with flags or temporary construction fencing, as deemed appropriate by the Planning Department. Wastewater generated by the proposed dwelling will be managed by a septic system approved by the Department of Health. 20IPage d. Alternatives to the proposed project The only reasonable alternative is to maintain the subject property in its current vacant and vegetated state. Attempts could be made to cultivate the land or place it into pasture, but at only 3.677 acres, the subject property provides little agricultural opportunity, especially given the poor soil conditions immediately adjacent to the ocean. The proposed project represents the construction of one single-family dwelling on the entire 3.677-acre property, which is reasonable given the land use and zoning pattern established as a part of the Kaimu-Makena Homestead. Adequate support facilities are or can be provided and impacts properly mitigated and managed especially given the limited overall scope of the proposed project. The purpose of the SMA is to ensure that development will not have a substantial adverse effect upon coastal resources, and the Applicant believes that he has accomplished this goal with the information provided within this application. e. Irreversible and irretrievable commitment of resources Given the limited scope of the proposed construction of a single-family dwelling and its related improvements, the Applicant is not able to identify any irreversible or irretrievable commitment of cultural, historical, recreational or ecological resources as a result of the proposed subdivision development. Some may view the construction of a single-family dwelling on this property as an unwanted departure from its current vacant and largely undeveloped condition, but that view is also unreasonable and unfair given the existing zoning of the subject property and the mitigating actions presented by the Applicant that managed the property in a manner that is substantially less than that afforded by its zoning designation. G. OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES OF CHAPTER 205A AND SMA GUIDELINES a. Recreational resources While the subject property itself is not known to accommodate any coastal recreational opportunities, its shoreline proximity does provide access opportunities. The subject property has lost approximately 10,846 square feet of land area due to the encroachment of the shoreline. However, the proposed dwelling will be set back much further beyond the minimum 40-foot shoreline setback. Lateral shoreline access will not be impeded. b. Historic resources The subject property was subject to an inventory level archaeological survey conducted by Robert Spear, Ph.D. in 1992 (Exhibit A). The report, titled "An Inventory Level Survey of the Robinson Property, Puna District, Island of Hawai'I (TMK: 1-2-18:1) November 1992", identified four (4) archaeological sites within the subject property that include: • Site 18,525 —C-shaped structure built of stacked sub-angular to sub-rounded basalt cobbles and small boulders. No buried cultural features were found in this structure, which functioned as a temporary structure. 21IPage • Site 18,526—two surface features consisting of a C-shape and a rock mound, both consisting of sub-angular and sub-rounded basalt cobbles and small bounders. No cultural material was found in the C-shaped structure, which functioned as a temporary shelter. The small mound probably functioned as an agricultural feature. • Site 18,527—a post-contact wall structure that extended along the base of the fill for the Kalapana-Kapoho Beach Road and extended beyond the subject property to the southwest until it was eventually covered by fill associated with the road construction. Most likely served as a boundary wall. • Site 18528—small modified hole in a lava bubble. No cultural material was found in association with this feature and there proved to be no potential for excavation inside the opening. The feature function is unclear, but could have served as a storage area or small planting area. The presence of a nearby cemetery was a specific concern during the survey, so special attention was paid to determine if structures similar to those identified in the cemetery were also present within the subject property. No such features were identified, nor were there other features identified that were interpreted as burials. The archaeological also concluded that the soil build-up within the subject property was so shallow as to preclude the presence of subsurface burials. The report concluded that all four (4) sites are significant under Criterion D because of the information they contain. However, because sufficient data has been collected from each site, they can be evaluated as "no longer significant" and that no further archaeological work be required on the subject property. The State Historic Preservation Division will be notified and all work shall immediately cease should inadvertent discovery of any archaeological feature be encountered during development of the proposed subdivision. A January 2024 archaeological field inspection and cultural consultation conducted by ASM affiliates in January 2024 confirmed these previous findings and found that the current study, combined with the findings of the previous survey, supports a HRS Chapter 6E-42 determination of"No historic properties affected" for the proposed subdivision and development of the subject property. c. Scenic and Open Space resources The subject property is not identified as an area of natural beauty by the General Plan. The subject property remains largely vegetated with restricted coastal viewplanes from the Kalapana-Kapoho Beach Road. Immediately to the north are State-owned lands situated upon a 1750 A`a lava flow that affords greater coastal viewplane opportunities than does the subject property. The proposed construction of a single-family dwelling on this 3.677-acre property will offer a very low density building site that should not have a significant adverse impact upon any viewplane. 22IPage d. Coastal ecosystems The subject property has direct shoreline frontage, along with a 40-foot shoreline setback that will be imposed and enforced by the County, ameliorating the effects of any development activities upon coastal resources. The small scale of the proposed single-family residential homesite will further manage the scale of improvements and uses upon these lands and its effects upon the coastal ecosystem. The Applicant will comply with all applicable government regulations to mitigate the effects of the project upon coastal resources, such as regulation related wastewater treatment and disposal, erosion and sedimentation control, grubbing and grading activities. e. Economic uses The subject property and this particular area of Kaimu has been designated for residential uses for over 50 years, providing such opportunities within an area long established as a homestead community. From an economic standpoint,jobs will be created on a temporary basis in order to support the construction of the single- family dwelling. The County will gain in real property tax revenues and fees associated with the construction and occupancy of the proposed single family residential dwelling within this subdivision. f. Coastal hazards The subject property is not subject to coastal flooding nor the effects of sea level rise, as discussed in Sections D(21) and D(22). In view of the Hawaii State Supreme Court's " PASH" and "Ka Pa`akai 0 Ka'Aina" decisions, the issue relative to native Hawaiian gathering and fishing rights must be addressed in terms of the cultural, historical, and natural resources and the associated traditional and customary practices of the site. The Applicant, nor past studies, have identified the proposed dwelling site as being host to any valued cultural, historical, and natural resources. Therefore, the Applicant could find no evidence of any possible significant adverse effects or impairments that will occur to any valued resources should this SMA Use Permit be approved. A cultural consultation with long- time residents of the area found that none of those consulted were aware of any burials within the subject property. However, should the Applicant inadvertently encounter any remains of historic sites, such as rock walls, terraces, platforms, marine shell concentrations or human burials, the Applicant agree to cease work in the immediate area and contact the Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-HPD), resuming activities only upon securing archaeological clearance from DLNR-HPD when it finds that sufficient mitigation measures have been taken. The Applicant has not encountered any evidence of traditional or customary Native Hawaiian rights being practiced on the subject property, nor existence of any known valued cultural, historical or native resources in the area. Thus, it is believed that the project would have no adverse impact relative to the cultural and historical resources of the area. To the extent to which traditional and customary Native 23IPage Hawaiian rights are exercised, the proposed action will not affect traditional Hawaiian rights. Based on the above findings, the Applicant maintains that allowing the construction of a single-family dwelling and its related improvements on a portion of the 3.677-acre property will not have any substantial adverse impacts on the surrounding area, nor will its approval be contrary to the objectives and policies of Chapter 205A, HRS, relating to Coastal Zone Management and Rule No.9 of the Planning Commission relating to the Special Management Area. H. CONCLUSION Based on the discussion above, the Applicant finds that approval of an SMA Use Permit to allow for the construction of a single-family dwelling and its related improvements on the subject property will conform to the goals, policies and standards of the General Plan; adheres to the general policies and objectives of the Puna Community Development Plan; will not have a significant adverse impact upon coastal resources; and would result in an appropriate land use pattern that will further the public necessity and convenience and the general welfare. 24IPage „ lu p 1 to ...um 01?JOH ZP<VIV11:: 40> c58 iF,,,LF,2, cc.' >-1 2 .1) gE, 4114 buatia,ilem AUWENJ dd-S ,,,, 81, :.,,, ,,, Pii12 r 41.4 AR. 'OA WO , aqi cciA4 , , / \/1 1 7 . ;, ,,,. 'z'' 'j'''r;ii:1-,_ , ,, ri,o. 0 ,,,, E , ,„. . . h RiT2 ,,< 2 i{ 377 II .5Fi, A '''',. V 1 III 9-Z 1,-In744111P13111 IYI AEI ,_______ _ ,-, T ' I m ; IS ElM 8 0 I iii wrAl a g 0 11*- LT2 >I.. 127 , -• ''''14 • a '8 . 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I ,. • - s . _. __ .. i. •. • . , .•_ .. . ,,, DocuSign Envelope ID: E445C575-8A87-41CO-A087-D524E75FE5EA • ,e,:-:%-1.: -4 ..!.;!pc. :.:::..-:_...., 70..- c.-...,r 9'..-. i.-..,,iii ::ri - ,),-: 7 :Air. 7 ;•F.5-7 ISt..o:t.4i Is, 1„:1 or.st , 1 P-27'u-sti, R.Drio3oto k.1,7-r S'd.1.1.,td by Tor._ 11.y k. ; • • - I . . I .N. 0 .4 : - :-•1' .'....'r . . im. i 1 DocuSigned by: .."5/4/2022 5748BA681166452... . - , ... ii :DocuSigned by: 5/3/2022 .i.75a mriwart .. • , ..„_ .. . 164A283A1373406... -A.- . . . • 1 .11 1 A iiir . , ' I. ., a 1 la es .. hA ., .. l.i.Ir:fyi kZhoc::waph' -ArchiI :1ura1 Hus1or January 20, 2024 Mark Wyatt Kaimu Cove LLC 12-55 Likoliko Lp #4866, Pahoa, HI, 96778 Email: wyattinhawaii@gmail.com Subject: Results of an archaeological field inspection and cultural consultation conducted in support of an SMA use permit application for the proposed subdivision of TMK: (3) 1-2-018:001, Kaimu Ahupua`a,Puna District, Island of Hawai`i. Dear Mark: As requested,ASM Affiliates(ASM)conducted an archaeological field inspection and cultural consultation in support of an application for an SMA use permit, concerning the proposed subdivision of TMK: (3) 1- 2-018:001, Kaimu Ahupua`a, Puna District, Island of Hawaii (Figures 1, 2, and 3). The field inspection was conducted to help address the concerns of the County of Hawai`i Planning Department regarding the proposed 6-lot subdivision of the 3.551-acre subject parcel by confirming and updating the findings of an earlier archaeological inventory survey (AIS) prepared for the property by Spear (1992). Furthermore, consultation was undertaken seeking information from knowledgeable individuals regarding the presence (or absence) of burial sites within the subject property. Project Area Description The project area is the entirety of TMK: (3) 1-2-018:001 located within Kaimu Ahupua`a, Puna District, Island of Hawai`i. The 3.551-acresubject parcel is bounded on the mauka side by the Kalapana-Kapoho Road (see Figure 3), on the makai side by a 40 foot exclusion zone along the coast (Figure 4), to the northeast by an undeveloped State-owned parcel consisting of 'a`a lava, and to the southwest by a developed residential property.The project area situated at an elevation of 10 to 25 feet(3.05 to 7.62 meters) above mean sea level and is 40 feet inland from the coast. An Historic cemetery is located to the northeast of the project area on the opposite side of the Kalapana-Kapoho Road; Figure 5) Geologically,the project area is located on the lower flanks of Kilauea Volcano and is comprised of multiple lava flows (Sherrod et al. 2021), with a Puna basalt flow that erupted between 400 and 750 years before present (BP) forming much of the central and southern part of the parcel; a younger Puna basalt flow of 'a`a lava dating to 200-400 years BP creating the northeastern edge; and a more recent pahoehoe flow that occurred between 1986 and 1992 present at the coast(Figure 6). Soil classifications within the project area (Figure 7)mimic the geologic substrates and are comprised primarily of dry Hakuma highly organic loam on 2 to 10 percent slopes,with dry Malama-Lava flows complex on 2 to 40 percent slopes on the 'a`a flow along the northeastern edge, and pahoehoe lava flows on 2 to 20 percent slopes present at the coast (Soil Survey Staff 2022). There has been some prior ground disturbance along the northeast, southwest, and mauka edges of the project area. On the 'a`a flow in the northeastern portion of the parcel, a grubbed and graded driveway (Figure 8)meanders along the property line and accesses a graded house pad near the coast on a promontory that overlooks the rest of the parcel (this area was mostly recently cleared in 2022). There is a second roadway which diverts from the upper road and is routed down through the middle of the project area to the coast (Figure 9). This road may have been already present when previously surveyed in 1992, as . 4 M .F i - - ., i„k,71' : m• 1u, F��iiw 3 E1BI 4:3-1 •' F 1 9)113 i 7A tI L S Ti 1!�.H�� VILM�1�. S) A..,._: F ..( i 3, 5 EXH I BIT C January 20,2024 Archaeological Field Inspection and Cultural Consultation for TMK:(3) 1-2-018:001 Page 2of19 something resembling it is mentioned by Spear(1992). Bulldozer push piles were also observed along the boundary with the adjacent residential property to the southwest near the middle of the project area. These push piles appear to be related to the clearing of that neighboring parcel.A number of brush piles,seemingly from hand clearing activities, were also noted in the northeastern portion of the project area at the base of the 'a`a flow. Vegetation cover within the project area is influenced by the extent of prior ground disturbance. In the undisturbed portions of the project area (Figure 10), the overstory consists predominately of monkeypod trees (Samanea saman), hala (Pandanus tectorius), hau (Hibiscus tiliacenus), milo (Thespesia copulnea), with coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), and naupaka (Scaevola sp.) along the makai section, `ohi`a lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) along the northern boundary, a scattering of noni (Morinda citrifolia) throughout the property, and a single eucalyptus tree (Eucalyptus globulus). The ground cover consists of morning glory (Ipomoea indica), particularly in the makai portion of the project area, with Boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata), and various species of grasses. In the previously disturbed portions, the vegetation is comprised of a mix of grasses, purslane (Portulaca sp.), gunpowder trees (Trema orientalis), Melochia (Melochia umbellata), guava(Psidium guajava), and other non-native weeds (Figure 11). A Brief Culture-Historical Background for the Subject Parcel The project area lies on the southern shores of the Puna District of the Island of Hawai`i within the ahupua`a of Kaimu. Kaimu is bordered to the southwest by the ahupua`a of Kalapana and Kupahua, to the north by the ahupua`a of Waiakahiula and Ka`ohe, and to the west by the ahupua`a of Kikala 1-2 and Keokea. Traditionally,the primary village for this ahupua`a was(and still is)known as Kaimu,a name that has been translated to mean"gathering [at the] sea [to watch surfing]" (Pukui et al. 1974:69). The shoreline of this ahupua`a, according to Pukui et al. (1974:69), is "noted for its surf and its black sand beach" and was originally called Ho`eu and Ka-poho.Pukui et al. (1974)note that this beach was likely formed after a 1750 lava flow, during which time steam explosions formed the characteristic black sand of the area(the beach at Kaimu was covered by lava flows that occurred during the 1980s and is no longer present). The English missionary William Ellis embarked on a circumnavigation of Hawai`i Island in the 1820s in the hopes of identifying population centers that would be receptive of Christian missionary teachings. During his travels,he collected observations of the environments and people he encountered.After leaving the district of Ka`u, Ellis entered southern Puna along its coastline and described the string of villages he traveled through, including Kaimu, which he described as being: ...pleasantly situated near the sea shore, on the south-east side of the island, standing on a bed of lava considerably decomposed, and covered over with a light and fertile soil. It is adorned with plantations,groves of cocoa-nuts,and clumps of kou trees.It has a fine sandy beach,where canoes may land with safety; and, according to the houses numbered to-day, contains about 725 inhabitants. Including the villages in its immediate vicinity along the coast,the population would probably amount to 2,000. . . . The extent of cultivation in the neighbourhood, together with the decent and orderly appearance of the people, induce us to think they are more sober and industrious, than those of many villages through which we have passed(Ellis 1825:160). Indeed, the habitation and agricultural patterns of southern Puna were often dependent on the path of the lava flows from Kilauea Volcano. As Handy and Handy (1972:751) note, the lands of Makena and lower Kaimu were suitable for growing sweet potatoes but not taro, and the neighboring ahupua`a of"Keakea [Keokea] supported neither, being mostly pahoehoe lava." Additionally, Hawaiian traditions imply that Puna"was once Hawaii's richest agricultural region and that it is only in relatively recent time that volcanic eruption has destroyed much of its best land" (Handy and Handy 1972:752). By the mid-19th century,the traditional Hawaiian land tenure system was radically altered through a process of land division known as the Mahele `Aina. This change in land tenure was promoted by the missionaries and the growing foreign population and business interests in the island kingdom who were generally January 20,2024 Archaeological Field Inspection and Cultural Consultation for TMK:(3) 1-2-018:001 Page 3of19 hesitant to enter business deals on leasehold lands. The Mahele (division) defined the land interest of Kamehameha III (the King), the high-ranking chiefs and konohiki (headman of an ahupua`a). As a result of the Mahele, all lands in the Kingdom of Hawai`i were placed into one of three categories: (1) Crown Lands (lands personally claimed by Kamehameha III); (2) Konohiki Lands (lands claimed by lesser ali`i and konohiki) and; (3) Government Lands (lands surrendered by the King or the konohiki in lieu of commutation)with the caveat that the rights of the hoa`aina(tenants)were to be reserved(Chinen 1958:vii; 1961:13). In the case of the lands of Kaimu, the ahupua`a was originally claimed by Mataio Kekuanao`a, who managed the estate of his daughter the ali`i Victoria Kamamalu. However, in January of 1848, Kekuanao`a surrendered this land to the King, and Kaimu was placed into the inventory of Crown Lands (Buke Mahele 1848). As the King and his ali`i and konohiki made claims to large tracts of land via the Mahele, questions arose regarding the protection of rights for the hoa`aina. To resolve this matter,on August 6th, 1850,the Kuleana Act (also known as the Enabling Act) was passed, clarifying the process by which native tenants could claim fee simple title to any portion of lands that they physically occupied, actively cultivated, or had improved (Garovoy 2005). Within Kaimu, no kuleana lands were awarded and within the entirety of the Puna District only two kuleana were awarded(Office of Hawaiian Affairs 2018). A map of lands in the vicinity of Kalapana, Puna (Hawai`i Registered Map No. 1614) prepared by E. D. Baldwin in 1892 shows the lands in the vicinity of the subject parcel and indicates the locations of nearby cultural features located to the southwest of the current project area, including a heiau, several houses and other named places located within Kaimu Village, and a trail extending inland from the village(Figure 12). The 'a`a point located in the eastern corner of the subject parcel is labeled"Keoneana"on that map.A later tracing of the 1892 map showing the Crown Land Homesteads of Kaimu (Hawai`i Registered Map No. 1812) shows that the subject parcel was subdivided and sold to C.H. Will (Grant No. 8004) as Lot 28-C of the Kaimu-Makena Homesteads by late December 1921. Records from 1932 list the subject parcel as being owned by a Mrs. Chieko,who acted as a trustee for the minors Hanayo Will, Yoshio Will, and Isami Will, each of whom held a 1/3 interest in the lot. By the 1960's, ownership of the parcel had split between the previously mentioned members of the Will family,who would own the parcel until the late 1980s. Summary of Prior Archaeological Study within the Subject Parcel The current project area (TMK: (3) 1-2-018:001) was the subject of an intensive archaeological inventory survey prepared by Scientific Consultant Services,Inc. in 1992 (Spear 1992).As a result of that study, four archaeological sites were identified within the property(SIHP Sites 50-10-63-18525, 50-10-63-18526, 50- 10-63-18527, and 50-10-62-18528; Figure 13)that were interpreted as having been used for Precontact to early Historic Period for temporary habitation purposes, with associated storage and limited agricultural also occurring.All four sites were described and mapped by Spear(1992),and two of the sites(Sites 18525 and 18526)were excavated to help refine their functional interpretations and test for the presence of buried cultural deposits. Spear (1992) assessed all four sites as significant under Criterion d for the information they had contributed to understanding past lifeways within the project area. He noted that sufficient data had been collected from the sites as a result of the AIS to warrant a treatment recommendation of"no further work." The State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) agreed with the significance assessments and treatment recommendations for the sites,and accepted the Spear(1992)AIS,in a letter dated March 3, 1993 (LOG NO: 7604, DOC NO: 9302ks25). The descriptions of the sites recorded by Spear (1992) are summarized below. Site 18525 was recorded by Spear (1992) as a C-shape located near the base of the 'a`a lava flow, at the end of a bulldozer push road, in the eastern corner of the parcel. According to Spear(1992),the opening to the C-shape was oriented to the west and measured 5.1 meters wide and 1.45 meters deep. The walls were 2.1 meters thick, and the maximum height was 0.36 meters. The feature was disturbed at the southern end, and hau growth affected the exterior wall (Spear 1992). One large piece of coral was found on the ground surface on the inside of the C-shape. A single stratigraphic trench was excavated outside of the opening of the C-shape to test for buried cultural deposits. Measuring 1.0 meter by 0.5 meter, the trench was dug to a January 20,2024 Archaeological Field Inspection and Cultural Consultation for TMK:(3) 1-2-018:001 Page 4 of 19 depth of 0.4 meters below the surface,but no cultural materials of any kind were encountered.Based on its formal attributes, this site was interpreted as a Precontact/Historic temporary habitation shelter. Site 18526 was recorded by Spear(1992) as consisting of two surface features (Features 1 and 2). Feature 1 was described as a C-shape with its opening oriented to the south,with a width of 3.7 meters and a depth of 1.2 meters. The maximum wall thickness and height were 1.09 meters and 0.75 meters respectively. The eastern third of the structure was collapsed and in poor condition. Feature 2 was situated slightly more than two meters to the south of Feature 1, and consisted of a rock mound which measured 1.85 meters N/S and 1.5 meters E/W. The maximum height of the mound was 0.6 meters, and a single stratigraphic trench measuring 0.5 by 0.5 meters was excavated between Features 1 and 2. Excavation extended to a maximum depth of 0.36 meters and no cultural materials were encountered. Spear (1992) interpreted Feature 1 as a temporary habitation shelter and Feature 2 as a small agricultural mound. Site 18527 was documented by Spear (1992) as a wall that extended along the base of the fill for the Kalapana-Kapoho Beach Road. At the time of the 1992 study,the wall extended beyond the project area to the southwest and was covered with road fill at its northeast end. The length of the wall within the project area was recorded as 28 meters,with a maximum height and width 1.1 meters and 0.5 meters respectively. No excavation was undertaken at Site 18527 by Spear(1992), who interpreted the site as a boundary wall that predates the construction of the adjacent roadway. Site 18528 was documented by Spear(1992)as a modified lava bubble,with interior measurements of 0.82 meters(north/south)by 0.8 meters (east/west) and a depth of 0.92 meters. The opening was cleared of rock which had been used to build up the southwest portion of the feature. No cultural material was found in association with the feature and according to Spear (1992), who interpreted the site as a possible storage feature or small planting pit, there was no potential for excavation. The presence of the nearby cemetery(located to the northeast of the project area on the mauka edge of the Kalapana-Kapoho Road; see Figure 5)was a specific concern of the earlier study, and Spear(1992) noted that special attention was paid to the mauka portion of the project area to determine if structures similar to those identified in the cemetery were also present in the project area. No such features were identified in that area, or anywhere else within the project area. Additionally, as noted by Spear(1992),the soil buildup in the project area was so shallow as to preclude the presence of subsurface features or burials. Results of the Current Field Inspection On October 27,2023,David King,M.A.,Colsen Balai,B.A.,and Jonas Leon,B.A.,and Matthew R. Clark, M.A. (ASM Principal Investigator),conducted a thorough surface survey of the subject parcel, as well as a general inspection of the `a`a flow bordering the northeastern side of the project area. The survey included a surface inspection of the entire parcel utilizing north/south pedestrian transects with fieldworkers spaced at 10-meter intervals.As was previously done by Spear(1992), special care was taken in the mauka portion of the project area, especially on the surface of the adjacent `a`a flow,to look for burial features similar to those contained within the Historic cemetery across the street. As a result of the pedestrian survey, three of the four sites previously documented by Spear(1992) within the subject parcel were found(SIHP Sites 50-10-63-18526, 50-10-63-18527, and 50-10-62-18528; Figure 14). The locations of these sites were documented using a GPS, and the current condition of each of these sites is briefly described below. Site 50-10-63-18525 (a C-shape) could not be relocated, and it is thought that this site,which was formerly located in the eastern portion of the subject parcel at the base of the `a`a flow(Figure 15),was destroyed by mechanical ground disturbing activities after the acceptance of the Spear (1992)AIS. The location and distribution of sites and features identified within the subject parcel, as well as the relative location of the cemetery to the project area, is depicted in Figure 14. Site 18526 Features 1 (a C-shape) and 2 (a mound) were both in similar condition to what was described by Spear(1992),but the features are currently obscured by heavy overgrowth and two large trees that have fallen across them(Figures 16 and 17). Site 18527 (a historic wall)is in the same condition as described by Spear and no changes to that site were noted (Figure 18). Site 18528 (a modified lava blister) has been January 20,2024 Archaeological Field Inspection and Cultural Consultation for TMK:(3) 1-2-018:001 Page 5 of 19 disturbed by land clearing activities since it was first documented in 1992. Small boulders from that push have fallen into blister and the site is currently obscured by thick brush covering its edges (Figure 19). No additional archaeological sites were identified within the project area as a result of the fieldwork conducted by ASM,but several recent rock constructions and modern landscape modifications were noted (see Figure 14). These more recent features, which include rock stacks, stone-lined paths (Figure 20), and rock cleared areas on the ground surface, are largely concentrated in the coastal-central portion of the subject parcel, in areas that appear to be used recurrently and recently for camping and fishing activities. The lack of mention of these features in the Spear (1992) AIS report, as well as the modern vegetation disturbance and debris associated with them,suggests that all of the additional rock constructions identified within project area were built during the last 30 years. None of these more recently constructed features appear to be burial monuments. Consultation To address the concerns of the County of Hawai`i Planning Department regarding the proximity of the cemetery to the project area and to determine the presence (or absence) of burial sites within the project area, ASM's Senior Ethnographer, Lokelani Brandt, M.A. conducted consultation with several long-time residents of the area including descendants of the `ohana Keli`iho`omalu and Kealoha families. Consultation occurred during a period between October 31,2023,and December 13,2023,when ASM staff contacted Ms.Ke`ala Keli`iho`omalu,Mrs.Leialoha Ilae-Kaleimamahu,and Mrs.Ku'ulei Kealoha-Cooper by phone. Following the initial phone calls, each of the three consulted parties were provided with a consultation letter and maps specifying ASM's search for persons who may have knowledge of any burials within the project area and information on the nearby cemetery. Each of the consulted parties contacted additional family members to seek such information. Ms. Keli`iho`omalu spoke with elder relatives Prince Keli`iho`omalu, Sam Keli`iho`omalu,Noenoe Dunn,Tiana Dunn,Jerry Dunn,Princess Keli`iho`omalu,Jr. Keli`iho`omalu,and Tiara Keli`iho`omalu.Ms.Keli`iho`omalu indicated that her uncle Sam also attempted to reach out to Aku Hauani`o and Kamu Quihano and that her father attempted to reach out to Annie Ka'aukai and Leslie Enriques. Mrs. Ilae-Kalaimamahu also contacted members of the `ohana Keli`iho`omalu and recommended that ASM staff contact Mrs. Kealoha-Cooper since she had heard that the cemetery belonged to the Kealoha family. Mrs. Kealoha-Cooper was contacted by ASM and she spoke with several of her relatives, including her mother. None of the consulted parties knew of any burial sites within the project area. Subsequent email correspondence with Mrs. Kealoha-Cooper clarified that the cemetery did not belong to the Kealoha `Ohana, however, her mother related that in the 1930s and 1940s, the Kalapana Church was located near the cemetery and that her tutu(Mrs. Kealoha-Cooper's great-grandmother)Emma Nai`a was a pillar of that church. She added that there is a Kealoha cemetery in `Opihikao but was not aware of any such family cemetery in Kaimu. Conclusion and Recommendations The results of the current study support the findings of the Spear (1992) AIS. Three of the four sites previously documented by Spear(1992)within the subject parcel were identified during the field inspection (SIHP Sites 50-10-63-18526, 50-10-63-18527, and 50-10-62-18528; see Figure 14). These sites are all in similar condition to what was previously described, and indicate that the parcel was used during the Precontact to early Historic Period for temporary habitation purposes, with associated storage and limited agricultural also occurring. All three of these sites were observed to be in similar condition to what was previously described by Spear(1992). The fourth site(Site 50-10-63-18525,a C-shape)could not be found, and is thought to have been destroyed by land clearing activities that have occurred within the subject parcel since the Spear(1992)AIS was accepted by SHPD.No potential burial features were identified within the subject parcel as a result of the current fieldwork, nor were any possible burial locations identified as a result of the consultation conducted by ASM. The only features identified within the property that were not reported on by Spear(1992)appear to be less than 50 years old and related to on-going camping and fishing activities that still occur within the project area. The findings of the current study, combined with the January 20,2024 Archaeological Field Inspection and Cultural Consultation for TMK:(3) 1-2-018:001 Page 6 of 19 SHPD's prior review of the Spear (1992) AIS (LOG NO: 7604, DOC NO: 9302ks25), support an HRS Chapter 6E-42 determination of"No historic properties affected"pursuant to HAR§13-275-7(a)(1) for the proposed subdivision and development of the subject parcel. Should you have any questions or concerns,please feel free to contact me directly. Sincerely, Matthew R. Clark,M.A. Senior Archaeologist—ASM Hilo Director References Cited Buke Mahele 1848 Buke Kakau Paa no ka mahele aina i Hooholoia iwaena o Kamehameha III a me Na Lii a me Na Konohiki ana, Hale Alii,Honolulu. Chinen, J. J. 1958 The Great Mahele:Hawaii's Land Division of 1848.University of Hawaii Press,Honolulu. 1961 Original Land Titles in Hawaii. Privately published. Ellis,W. 1825 Journal of William Ellis, Narrative of a Tour of Hawaii, or Owhyee; with remarks on the History, Traditions, Manners, Customs and Language of the Inhabitants of the Sandwich Islands. Cocker and Brewster, Boston. Garovoy, J. 2005 "Ua koe ke kuleana o na kanaka" (Reserving the rights of Native Tenants): Integrating Kuleana Rights And Land Trust Priorities in Hawaii.Harvard Environmental Law 29:523- 571. Handy,E. S. C. and E. G. Handy 1972 Native Planters in Old Hawaii: Their Life, Lore, and Environment. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 233. Bishop Museum Press,Honolulu. Office of Hawaiian Affairs 2018 Kipuka Database. Electronic document,http://kipukadatabase.com/kipuka. Pukui,M. K., S. H. Elbert, and E. Mo`okini 1974 Place Names of Hawaii. Revised and Expanded ed. University of Hawaii Press,Honolulu. Sherrod, D. R., J. M. Sinton, S. E. Watkins, and K. M. Brunt 2021 Geologic Map of the State of Hawai`i. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. USGS Numbered Series. Scientific Investigations Map 3143. 1:100,000 and 1:250,000 scale.Electronic document,https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3143,accessed February 18, 2022. Soil Survey Staff(United States Department of Agriculture,Natural Resources Conservation Service) 2022 Web Soil Survey. Electronic document,http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov. Spear, R. 1992 An Inventory Survey of the Robinson Property, Puna District, Island of Hawai`i, TMK 1- 2-18:1. Scientific Consultant Services, Inc. Prepared for Bruce Robinson. January 20,2024 Archaeological Field Inspection and Cultural Consultation for TMK:(3) 1-2-018:001 Page 7of19 Figures . ---1. - -.1 .... .). Area4Jf[Dciai - . h • u ` - 4 1 is, „ � I W 4 S r h N X+�.. .� ' t ',,, : 44 No, F w mh y � a x a uu n��..°. � •uw H • . L ....:. ' .4./r1"\,•''''' . 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I i 44,1 January 20,2024 Archaeological Field Inspection and Cultural Consultation for TMK:(3) 1-2-018:001 Page 9of19 II IL l w a # V ',N ® Ua , r ) of A rcu 1...i.iktai •zotiii d 1 . ,,,,„, , ae w m. lIl " N 1 ,.. �:�u�.,-:�,°' � a Id 1 I. I li �I , ,; II "m Or l fair , wo Imo" hdV. I u ' iiilk , N' H .>r x „ m NN i� �xt` a ,. .n' I' I. dIU' �Nu of iu i 1111 l �( IM1 l@ :n u+'•�' .�lir; wd„ IP fit iir ,Mw r, ul u" i mov�gr w mll a i, rt0.,. 'Illik i IIfV'U 1 '11 °' .�mmm Ldr I I . ...: � ... „ I 1 roil, I lit w I , II , �. Nf d I < Figure 3. Google EarthTM showing project area. January 20,2024 Archaeological Field Inspection and Cultural Consultation for TMK:(3) 1-2-018:001 Page 10 of 19 y hv:,:,° w.:::�.■ l�::l, . •— .1 r:7 ,.W �� H Y• W u 1 Y iii :,,, ,4 �: �1W' I W,i .W i 7 Y — � r •VIAL Y 'L n 10 � " a ,6 �L Y MF i�w'1 �.... ��..�� -,, —,�. 1� w: Y•••�v •4 ;•—.�,.„„„� :Y^�•, v ..�. 'r„W "W W � Y • • L a • r " . 4'14 w r• • Y Ym 1 • • • %,1-• • ' . . • ' :114:\-4,,, . • .1'4 .1.°' y .,F 1 • Y W*, + u W . �W`I • 1111• : „W ti It • 7 �: ••mi• iikil tr' uY• '�. ■ICY W W... � � •gib �!�i• • n , .Wn mm ..- 1 • Y. • i•J,e ". 'j•L.r°•aV e i INti�"W,� � •�n of f„ �••"•i"i": ..'r . .'•— IY. �n n.'", • .. .ar Y am, ••7�Y• .L . ,. 111 c — • , ,44, � I - ,... •� , „ .. .- Isiii; . . .Pr.• • ' il :i:- r31111X41651 ! .., - nen W . ��iu� it,' w.r- �WIC � � I �,�p �- A�uw m. �•�* e.1 ar '• ''.._,.5' ..." -474'1. . R W'e II ��°�� ' ��Y,,,' •�' W rc:—� J. 4Y.W W �,,�,�. � . ;1 i �"'W- i W»�• •�. _ Y 41 .:: ••LW •"r W..•, ^I nW R ea w mm * ',� op " W °» •, ��',,'� III " � .rc ,,.,, ",,,,i• , . , • ,, • %Ili. ..:..10.7-17,4144. .,.: ..''."n'are 410.-si-4;,,,,,,-.0:-•' • ;.11-•e„, • F r4"..:7.,1317,4_,. :,°`°k I,,.: ^.s,.,",:�niuuY.drW �• a ,. .. , - In.^^"a m:�� »+F.�,: �Ir� � �: ,�r �, � �_,. •Y rc,�, u� ,�II� au ��i�� " � 1— To "'� Y �w •"n.,: » �:W ::. � Figure 4. Coastline fronting the current project area, view to the southwest. »II iu:l 1. w; a ' Prq416,r•7'.. I:: •.YY ° 11,404. IF • w Y. t Wo - . ,.• u I�RdIY .w o : rt �L . . L"1 Iliaill I� rc4 I •1 • . •YY.m s w . I �I�h '"�Jr� " a �U h: - V ',- " Yu: " Figure 5. Historic cemetery located to the northeast of the current project area,mauka of the Kalapana-Kapoho Road,view to the northeast. January 20,2024 Archaeological Field Inspection and Cultural Consultation for TMK:(3) 1-2-018:001 Page 11 of 19 .. .. i 1. I. ,1 II 11 i, lb .".I... IK' '' 11 ) . ., (l;I:I. I.51143.1.11014P Ita Plira i ki:11.6a (..V41". 440.151)Yr PUMA' 11111/41111 1 tkri7110ct DM Vp-111. 711).-11,00!.i PI:,.ti.i. rl k ....him 1 l'ill 111,11.-. 1/4 1 ..1 ORA k: _10001,11iWkipt Mop or fit Simi of lbw* .1-, -r..: . !.•,'ni io,I 1.11k WW1%I Tt,a.,11di il,• I..%...1.0„ r 11 -. Figure 6. Geology underlying the project area and surrounding vicinity. , ii,. „.„..,,, , !'"':.41 0. ,,,. A- out 4, A,t. 11„,,,,,,,,,,;1101, ,,o, ,,,,,,„„ „ --,,,,,,,1 . „ wz '''' 1 1 ,- • , )i,`, ,,' ,,y1,..i,P1,001 ,,,,i 400, ''" . , j , 6 10 "I''11 ' ',,';''• * 4..., °I ''%, '4. .,,,,,',,,''1"1111111111"11 IIIIII, .; z:. ,'N,,,,,,,,„ _ 1, "7410,,Id' 4.;4,',' ,, ° •''&A ,,,,1,„ 171',,, ,„,,,,, , 4,1,N x ' ;!,',. 04:',,,,Alli ', oot;', ' 11' ),'''''fl,01 '', , . ,,,, • 41k441 11°1611IP • ,•,' .- ,...•41.1111111., ' •-.41Ullk00t..144 ' 11:101P '1' *,'". . ... L . .. . ., .. ....• . ., II, .ii )0, r x „1 f mr.riiimi .,, 0 ri.,,,FL 1.04 f.c7•illithiULF liq.,..olziAliOnecidipLiir.MI.JiLlLili,1 )., [11,2irrylniocui..lipt.irk E.: I:A1/4 161:111.1.1016 NI litOPML.2 ki 20 peicom di,ophei 4)72• %Fa la mai iirK re Lig nirly I.:1 thh I y hvbil F firoadi 1 I ii iiiiiti 1!,*5'-l'Xiibiiiiki-L.r.a 11..Yrri•ciimpi.px. In 2 1.1.411.FuNv , I LEA 1'62 Omni nuiScr LI I,11/1_7.ii.11 41:1 reir Ca MA-la takunu huolib,orgarow hdrou,loam.ih-F.2 hi 6111 Nrecia k I IIINN Imi i 'oat 0 NEI 11 II ALI IL1 k a'',ell.I 4 I I in,,, .ii Lap*mak 1 4,01,4 filiwipm prime.Ai t ipol~*A Sawn' C re,4-,opt..rorNi Rlifil 1 1-.1-11,4... 1.....1-.Nlin,,rdsU.-il Fitv, willimiliswois JiCifillialLMIALOWAZIPIEW POI=IP Figure 7. Soil composition in the project area and surrounding vicinity. January 20,2024 Archaeological Field Inspection and Cultural Consultation for TMK:(3) 1-2-018:001 Page 12 of 19 • ,,\ i. 1„1,:ily s )4 r Vlm' IA ,,d yu•u Vl VI a m f' . . �• . 'Yr '•ri . ,„ • " ,•. V1 ..,41" Ifl ` ' ',. •j4, ,..7.0, . ,".i. 11""„ ... _._.. ° , u ,,„, ,,,, W ,y . 44cm � �.� � � 7 "'.Y`� dim � „ __ °IW" m �� m,m,�,:ir,:. R•y '��. mra WWuu .emu.re , `b ' I. " �.' � In.m `'A III,.,,m, w,�A,.�,��°,��,-�„ " �" � K� m, • w ., . 'w. -, . ,,, a py ." . ° a __, ., , i'yT .W w.;'mv ml1 . .��a „ R'.' �: .. .CMS.,,,, , a°, mn ,�:v+ �-I• +. .0 ° `*II YN:r �.s..... f .u:: I Figure 8. Graded area along northeastern boundary of project area, view to the west. , ., m" I� �::::m m ti .. ' :t,,,, - N• - '..,-,..'" gbh,. Ri• —--i: ',' . . iii .:S'@m • 'w d 1,-.IL Jh•. Y m��Vu .. '& �' y a u ' `�'�a ^I. , ;. ' �� ,�� .®.®,.. L ,a•.a:lll. iii . ;,,,...., . ..... .. .., - ..4- 1.-. --• i . ,_ .. .L.... ,. . .,,,. , tr, • • L. m m m i . U ,m rO� �,"" Lm c,R m � �r: .: �m � � � . i �m W_ �� u� �..".u�� M.�w •, " �m;. .r euw, �°.e °•� "�'� �' . w "®� " .- ��,. �_" 1, ri I• i iiNl ■ 1"1•, III !m, � i a - ,�:,T1 i m V•V �:::: I 1 .11,.11;—1.4...'. 11.1.. n ar"" •'11 " • "1•''' ,— l• " .. n.' " n; -'• ir —. 161 m•,'• 0 1.• .•1.,,:i" •tirr 1 ' *4110/14;""' All ' ., ' Ale ' oik . rff,h jr-111.1,, ,n.1.11:„ ' . 1...... _ ... 1 I..' 1 In' % . 01',,,,"',.%-14.':-. '...Z. .1„EiP.r. -' i-•-•• . : , . Itrii.,eil!:tt. .,,, .. r"- , i, -. ' . . .i,m t,� • ,L - r i Pi •:.:.IPIE..41— 4 w ..41. .•',I 1-,',a �I� W '44� r . ,' IN. ry. " . M " •, a . ,I... .: . i . "1.r m W v : m i m j*I.. ��:V � - 'L .� � �m7111R 'm • a„if. W L i' .m w". .m III" m � •.. m m � uw•m! i. . •� r � , I"mm II:' Y�: m:: ',,:I " y�� •,''''. Y� '�®� �r �" lye r, ° :"'� •: W ..� ,::, .�:::,: .:. , M'm^::: �, a ,u ,,..) 1,,,,,,111" .i -�.� � e .� � ��.V4 al.,� 'i ..ati. ti i""""..- ..W I. .1-;mo:; ' w A." "" y� . � ""•• '� Figure 9. Road extending to the coast of the project area,view to the northwest. January 20,2024 Archaeological Field Inspection and Cultural Consultation for TMK:(3) 1-2-018:001 Page 13 of 19 ",. ,•.7• I u * u, w .� 1 r w- IM 1 - • �.�7 Wa, ` _ �o �� 1 •1 1: •tiro. 1 — '� •}I _ .. - ., w w 'ti , ........i.: ,,,, � 1 w 1 1 r w; b IW • ,1 ��1. ��, r 1 , i6 ':, ir ' 111111 '1 a W�, 1 w v L. • ,i•_"... . •-. -.9e,-.-.,A 7.. .silioiiiihm . . _. ii,..7 . . iiiiiimliw iiiiii4 .... 7 1 1 r ` ' :, 1 ..� — 1' 1 ). e • 1 -" wig- L :. r�� u 1 1■ • - - 1 .rc . • 1� -1-11 •1 .1 F IF g r ". 1 ,. is 1 0. • • `�y,■ y fin` Y uu .1 �.- 1 — ` rW:: : "9 I 4 -I t i I I I W.— lyiiiiiiillk, IP"i 6. ' 1,,t....- —•-• . . n 7 ., ��- .,III pit t, -`��. - „: AYY +>t P y L WI ....„ 1: 1 1.1- ., -- .--or.i.: ., ...,. , . it.:.0.-- .„... .-§ - L— ii...-,.... , , .•-,.". - ...,.........-Jki . _ ,.:• -.4;#th....,-.li.- Atr. i.. .' �� , •4.::• ,—7;,- .......,-• . BLS: ,.t....6 .0.— ,,-I-,-4.':11.Z:..i'.. A•l .7. 1, -„ s,u ,yam, . 7 I7 �m1■_�.,— . • 1' .1 -II " 1' ,4'1 • •�" , . lie 1 °1,r 1: Figure 10. Vegetation within the undisturbed portion of the project area, view to the southwest. u ` ". 111A141 •'W1 '- • o 1 .• 1 .diw 1 w1`Ill L 1"' � 1„�" 1- ir : iti, .� ♦��°� ;,, i Ib." , '�.W .11 - 4. 1 •'.n r,L , : �:� ii 'u`. 1•.7 �� r - w:: ••�W 1' .It . „, - . , ti 191 -,," I, .,.0.1 1 1,1 ,,, . �' Y 1:! 1 „ 1 �� ,hi m "' � 1@• :1 A 1 , 11 1 u -.: �'x .. • ' r! •- •�1...^u ,:o I i ui, If:�:,�" � ".�• �dl'-� �� 4 :1°'� `. �i�. ■ '-. :.� ��: N��!u��:��,�: ;., u:.�•��i. ��' .`, '� ��' 11��:�,�. + ^ 1 •�, 1•i � �°I '.. �°yr 1' w- A. 1 1`a. 1 " • ..1,..R•'" A iy_. '".- '1 •: �V r`", ' ' .S II j ii iii• iii , � IV.... ` 1.a 1 .:. • o' •iM1iiio "" u' 'o -'- m w,.., ..,,,-.• r ripi w k.10,1 - .4:„;'""---,1ilie '' ''''. iji .n1ry� .• it' 9 �." 11 1 1 bl ir 4f b • • •L II 1� �, Wii JI M :ni . 1 �Iu�� ii .„ —a„! 'Ill'•,2".. ' .''1fi I G- ''t• 1 •,,,� ��. �.Y7h, "I:.. , ._ • AA o1 c :x. • jilt,t_ . 1 m1�l 1"lll IVIIP ^ ., .•, I.is11 u .r• ■1 „nw •— `'., °�j N • . ` 1 ':„:11: a •i'. .� 1 1 - 1 •m n_ '.:' ,. '�, Er.'•... 1„*- .W 1 1 1 dYYY 1* IIIII :: 1 . Ids' �� '��° '�'�, 1. ... °-'i 1! u: m1'4 10::!•*,.71,,,•::,.. n".n, I L.•▪.▪'.''. ' y 1 1 �• 1 ,.I 11 1 ... u- 1�. , per: . u9 5��•. -1 _• . . �� .1 `.. • 11. 1 � WL —I '°� ��' "'in Ilo.�9- "�fl•' • 'W"L L. '� � • a 1 1 '1 illJ - r • tiU u e• - " �' 11� r -Ir r• .�• -,= gym „u 1 1u';if'. 1��„�•��s••u' • •�°x• �g�'•�', ••,. � ,�Y 0�� 1 ll�� , • • .'� a 1� ''''L. 1 �. 1� « � e 1 y.� � • J � �...di v i,.�� uq til . ' � L -1 ., �� J"u,� • 'ti,�.1�� 1- ,.��• •-Y�I�ya•'• ®1 •gy„10,;-,u ••m� m1•,:,,Ir� ,•„,1�'R'.d " � i p�1" -,� ao •*;�1.:,. —.� —. uoW--. Lr: - �... -'•y ' l4' W " iii �W'4" " 1 ..E. "1 _ � �, '1" ',i.�..Nit.),... w,. . 'L. �� ,L • �k'°" ®�,. o' ,y' • 1 • • 1. ,� u u -� Wr•, ■ 1— ,, :��.�1• fk�:& �� •Az�� 1 V '�� • .�.'� is ..�� ..i.... ��- ' � ~6 'II � 1 •� 1 x 11�'•b 1 • 1414 1 it � • � • .* 4 �,1-1 �L I � �rl �u L -. 14:: 1 �1� r, •4 1 1. �, fit . ••t� u � . wi ,. W:, „ W p a r.. I(° x•' -��::1• + 1 . Figure 11. Example of vegetation within previously disturbed portions of the project area, view to the southeast. January 20,2024 Archaeological Field Inspection and Cultural Consultation for TMK:(3) 1-2-018:001 Page 14 of 19 �. 'A i••...- ,.....74.4„.c.:: , _ 0.9 1.. r ••• .n...r-h...;. . • ,.r, - ... A ,. ,, ;.91• ▪, � ,� , ti L' ''. .•' VO,Tcli;..1•L? ''',....-',..1k-'.'',,;-,,,Y...t idi''•w -",�{.1 r r•-y••...-. •emu'• s ti-..•;.J;, 1? k ,e Jr.i,iM.4- ,.Y....¢ ,•`." .r C—h.,.,,•-L.J,'1 'y▪ ..` 1 ....,_,--•.-•••••:ir : :. .; -•- -...e ;_%yr• .-„,i:c-.......c . ik•••.1,„fr.::.::.-".., 7-,.'y•••,Lrd:. ...'—97' :' .,.: tic ...:,...... „....,„,,,▪ ,i2;6,... .:, , •. • Is 1:;•.....,r• 9,. ' ". 1••%•-',,f'',,,,". c••,%•• - ..-1-'1.41 \ • :- 06,.? .•'• ,..'• •:,-• ,▪ - ; •e ,-••:., -,.•;%,c'..5.4 . - " . ,... ....,,..,, ..: vr..., i _,, , :71% . or.•./..z_ —•,-• CP' •u: 1. .1 • rt , - "Y �ti gym. ‘Li•Iiiit �• .._, ram' .� �, �, �•;-,7▪� �.:•� 1�—�'� .� �.,�• • . +t A. ,. • a •.Ar- ...;r • •.m ▪ '„' . -:•. r r•.1 1„.Jr.,. . ,...,...1.- ....., - I.. .1 : 'e.g.e •,..„,..r._:.I";...• .%''...:r,-▪..N. .4111:0:4"14•1; Am { .-�z �,� •• ▪ 1. �~.•ti •▪. ▪ -� _+ . 7�:-Y ti :�° �°kft may I .1 f�•°' • ` m• ' Ii ilk,:•1•Ir -:41,1;:.1',,,_.Z ' "c C;riLki nil'r•-•—.4 7 '...•,,_,:7",:-.••'',.-.1,•• ,2.-,•.° ''''r 7-k--..-'poi:F-::. l\h" ._ _-• ' -1 .e. •1,. .:-.,d.., _---...4.,%•1 e'.-%,t) y• ...in ..,.,t a.,'.....,L•7,r.1.-"41'il". 4. ▪ • . � �® i .r.. ,,Zr ... • ..1 ®▪1 • F m Z• '. •� tLa ;1 1� 1'42,: ri; 't• 1 ✓L • IL � - r r r r ®-s•'a � m _ " • • • f ▪ . • •L 1...r.....7.......•.,..1":„...:',. r' :,,,..7......,..ii.. ...,..-....i,..▪ =:( . ▪ .ti ar•'� R_r :°▪%r 7'". i. ;F .▪ .y. ti• r . T1 1 . 1. 1 • ice^- r ti..,. 1 •w r 5u 1 ▪ • • ••1 1• ▪ 1_ ■ i. �.r1 is .ti it cr . ,. � i- %•,. -▪ —1 +1:•'_•• • _ , ,_,;*,.,.....3 e..1. ., Li '▪,-(i_._r—', ...L. •%r_-0-3.,. .I.Vk - " • •—1 '."• I . ,• .. • ..."-P-•-•, ,,,7.• . . . r 4. : ...:, 9 , ......,,—....•.•.•.•.-%.c .;..-z'.7. i'.• 1y ▪ J ' !,"4 ."•▪ •, 1�+.' .gym a1'Iq. 11 by -1.m.,• ' 1• .. ..: ▪�. ®° �.� m� •,• �...,i �. . "M▪ r▪1 MLA R.ti', ti ., ' �' .. M � r e ' I "' , m. ®. • .,'3-1.:::•71";....-11. -111--771,111LilL • • L. • • . .. • 1 • I.< A r 1. j' . r. Figure 12. Portion of Hawaii Registered Map No. 1614 (prepared by E.D. Baldwin in 1892) showing the location of the current project area. January 20,2024 Archaeological Field Inspection and Cultural Consultation for TMK:(3) 1-2-018:001 Page 15 of 19 . .• in 1 . (}1 wil .-0 I IMI L6 I 2i i r•, , •• .,... .• • .' • i -'.- I • -e "..mb - *7.- X • .. .i ' • v' , .• ' CV: 7 .1-• , •M• ii hi.. • ,... i . I • . .. . n 11 rj 4- 1 z; .... . . ..' ..-. ,,,I• '.7 - 1 1 c c , ...i i• i'"' 1 - Ili, i ..IV • .6. I I 11 7111 r --4 . , 6,.. .,,.., * I :1 . , ,• ., - • - -E 1 1, i • . .i. 0 r: ,, • i lo, . . . . 1 ._.— ,. .. T r -i '11• •.: lie • iki. ... . , ••"...1 4 " -. • i,t,, J 0 , . II i i . 'Ite , . Figure 13. Spear(1992:6) site location map. January 20,2024 Archaeological Field Inspection and Cultural Consultation for TMK:(3) 1-2-018:001 Page 16 of 19 A " li li ' # I *4111°' ri —..., .1 I I .S. =IP . '•. 116,, .,, , C "1' " I, ''.,, ' ... ' ' •.114 ' -1111.-111 4 It r1174111 "."11.117> 00....- :.'10, oh, ."1 4 . 7\1 .4,4'ri;'I, I' • . III , a '• - ' 401 ::, 33 mi J. 91 mr . r .,,,e.,-,. 0 . • , ,,, ,,,,,,e h • 1 ' - •' ..J:' ,'', .a ,,n: 4 , , , — - 'I Mt? ' ,-,,.. __ ' '' -4,0,-- •,, • , , 1... •1"I'l 4. . '." . •.. I :I. ' Or'''' ' „e• ,•• - -. -' 1--• .„. -,. ..._.____ ildd Arta ,• '''''''‘.04,L. ‘.. 53 I i L.]litiltki. . •-. ,,,... . ii L. 1 iii-12•11 -''' ii e.".• \E -•1/2. --...,_ .., ..• .•.• -. Miii-1M''04; - . .,- 1411.14r4-rk \ tarmitin2 litoolli-., .. ,.... •• ,-. • "" ' - ; nr:Lik .1. , '-r •....- " . ' ", ••,,i_i. . ....•,..1 .' ' ' ' . t. ",,,P . i,ri 13 ik ,..a iaiL ...41r - Jo • ,.., I k . .;,,, k.irre 04,*04 , t - 4 ,, ,, .1 , 1,1, I,"....• 1•., . " ' ". '11' ' .., "5 I V" , 1 . Jo . ,.‘,,,„ , , r ,. . .„ •.• ,111 ' • 131 . 31 .., • 3 •. , . • 1• ImIP ., I ,10 r '-.mil ''11 if• 0 r •. lty L, if . " • '', I, ' * r I ' 4 , • . •PT,. gi ' , m P „ 1 0 Ili ill" Parcel Hnkilry " . AP e • Arch She lean:0) -\54..cers ill. Arch Silt WO foilikb r A t 1:"P • 1 - - hums.oil-186:d Jrc.4 , Figure 14. Location of sites and features identified during the current study. January 20,2024 Archaeological Field Inspection and Cultural Consultation for TMK:(3) 1-2-018:001 Page 17 of 19 ��. ..IIII�IIII • :,.m••III'1.• ,. 1 .* „IIII r. m • c: �. }d��u y.Wl 11 Ih X� II: L '�• i;:li;„ a c w -I ▪ � •, • � 'I, .i" IIII�' ,1 � ,.• . ti ' } 1: II.• ".'_•� I' �. - :� . .I:'�<� .; •I a',:;••,'A�Iwl w ®�,1•+ I'� I� 1 LI • -... �.° '_kit.. . �:- H�1..�'■ � �III �• 1� :: ■ ••IIII .III `.,�,�0 m II} .-r � ,r�` �.� _ � '.• III„I •. ,"ff��i�u m � m::• IIII � � � III+�� •r � IIIIuu III • I •I L Iw . o• ru . 11�1;: • 1 m; 1: ® _ • II 1 ,, III1""1 II 4,4 n.o . II. • - ".,"-• "• III - 9 I u I . ®"ml " „Z . 1 I L" Z„ . '�'. _lu 1 m ti m;",: � Ilt ! w ��•.I I.. .: Ifi. Y ��'� it at• ■ •n�41 . aIs! ■"s �M I 1 m�• 1 wl . 1 .l=. '.i, • .IIII •I g - m 1 _ '' I _ _7 wlL ■• LL OF-,,I� .0 n' . „, •i:: I- c. - i,,;, _ • .. . .• —III :I. ... •• , _ • ..4 .�y: 1 .Rr —41 _I.�m�, IIII 1 1 1 R ,- - 1 •. , !'i 1.n:.• +II % • W .,„. .� 1 .. E 1• J. .r! IIIIII� —'.:_ ^III �. r r ' �, • J ' . a m■ ' u� .II .tl � � 1 �+,,:m•,::IIII �1 l'II m R�' . • �u N •�• � tt�" Al..,'111 ., 11 , , • .. � I IW u� mWy a " 1'1"7 i u �'iui 1 ■1 . ,li uu • 1 litl •r 11m 1. . .47 A 1mIV' II �■ g� 'w`W uu� . IM1_ ` T M"_ n • "..: IIIIu1 • .1. �,��n III �� .:...:: .W ua L.m- 1 I;�:I ll., .„ .. 0., IM�� .° .- _ ICI tie ▪ "III r +1 ,, 1 u •�m �I; rl•.II ..� I 1;, •. � u1.:� ��:■"�., .-�: II _•.� �' �}'"�' � lud I "` .: I i® T�;• •...Tx .'�W ti � ■.i. .. i.. •� .. III; .1 r — — . . .1 i - L �.. fL ti w w -II • • - n P .I,1 ��°�ik1-IIII ■•.I • " . I • PP" II • •� �+r III ., , 1 - • . 1- - i 't �.I,'� • ' �, - 11� 11 � ,.�, 1 '- III . - . NI•p _ - � s. _. .';; <"' �.i. ��>r �m nti IIII �r 1' �I� s 1 II • •' - ": •III .IV W�� iI�.�i."1 I.• . .,1 � •v4 LI � - �I n r- . 1 d _ .4. i III� 'C� ?• •u, ', III. ' _ . •.• 0 1 .. 9 R ice. � • ._, I IIII . a .�. n ::,, ..IIII �, .�° .1'•• �: I" Iy IF 1• „. Im.1 �C • • IIII i. .IIII 1 ."%. ii LLLL .'.. W 'M1-11 1..1W W w1 •m;l`� 1 r.� ` � . I . � �:�� I.� III Illllm ��ti .,:•:,� "� 1 � � 1 � • •_v. "_F .IV'■} .. °'17 I.■ r 4..—ll1 7 1 -.m .;o,ll: «,: w r ,'. .w - : - . . ._' .Iln 1 ■ 'Ir time ` . w� .'� 1- � ". � � .IIII � 1 � 1'� `:n Figure 15. Bulldozed slope at the former location of Site 50-10-63-18525, view to the south. Firm, � _,. ,,'"'"III, 1.1 1 40'1::;,® ��L:'�" � . y;,III III. I�i bil 4111 4, "� , i".'w� II• I:I• °�� A I::�.:.�, II:: 1 _ i.., . � : . .. • r - 1 ■ � lir 1 i '. IIII ;" .-4' 7 1'1 3 - ..� �� III ._. II,,,�� 1 y„�" I. �'� :�� •• �, . �, � -„�wlm 1 1�� dR° � •I ' 1' 1:. „•�.:,.. m 1_• ;;; " IIII -n .,ti wfi �.: a,i..•• i ii� ■ u 1 .L. 1 .1.. i�IIII ..• w w � �' �. : . �. II F ,,, , W a 1 IIII 1v- _ �.li .:-40, Illj •III - "1 _ ti 9 °� 1 11I'..III 1 I_ 1 • III . ,..• I9 1r ,� � M L IF A - ' IVI ry, In. .r• ' 1 - . i 17 - ... .. • "Ale ICI �+ 1• - �"�. ,,,' �' __ 1 _ _ 1 .?tir, . A tiI. � r. s �6 �I s — 1 I. u 1° —.• —.. _. .• !!.''• ...r1 ''''''. '. , n i A. 0 ‘,.' :4.. ..,.., , i• . r..• . 1r . L ,, . ...IIII • mM i•• • LL 7, • tiIII1 !„IIr e �:::: .. —ii, I,: , e .16. 1— .—m . ill. , WFm-III � mlll.. ,,,ry 5 � 1 • �„V�� u ,� 9 � ' ,:�. ti 1 _ m oli 1• 1� .�;�1�1.11 • - ▪ 4r gr 1 r ml .I�uwrr:� • u1 ■ to . 1 lie.m wl � ...—.6... .11 4' , c • . iij _I s"■ti 1 uuuu a, 1 I Figure 16. Site 50-10-63-18526 Feature 1, c-shape, view to the northeast. January 20,2024 Archaeological Field Inspection and Cultural Consultation for TMK:(3) 1-2-018:001 Page 18 of 19 11"wll r r Y 1 wh'' IIIII . , r • ,� II �� , II � �I � . '', 11�. V'Y 1 1 �r, I;�� -•�x i .� ®�.�..wllo I. ! �ie Y ,.�..,•HN��°� �I�III'• •� �� Iw III�� Yam,.uV ILJ� �w, ;�° �� .: "u�: 19 I., r it 4�1 Atii w �tl iiW. i' AA.�. w. W " • h V N o Yw 1�"- I «n Yw• ry O}�hlll• • R Y M11r � ;;I,a �. , �u; �,.fi m �',I Y,IIIII �N � o �lu I �.• �" �U� �' ullll "`"' " 1 1 is {.' 'I :. wi'" • dor rt «1 •:::� t v �� ',- �If;R f �M "'.� � �� 'V v Y II f R ,a;w um. m� i •uu;;e � ` �w � n� 1 .. a yT," Y �Illlllm � ,:' • .I I� W I .� �I ,': >J . �fl I, 1 � '��1 '*�® 7 1 I Y.. xy' if '�` aIII ,; .�' .,:' Idll I . w0 •ICI ° ` . 1 ^I'III " '•a :., ' w::II„ ^,,,4Pp ..„„ „1 ."1, . a »„ ; 1— •:1'' "••": e'IIII:4• 1I IIII� _ a� � 1 luu uul I mI I ;-II �� .IIII „^ I.:: s, ® Y w w:llll; � �I� � �'• III,".. II• �� I�'Iw ,'�II �I q q 'IIII Y u� ul"� ,� �: mIIY r' �p wu u�BIII 1„or II . •ui�:: " A.,'' ;III,III „1,IIIInry 1�� 'r y•• ,.,Y' 'M ry IIIII ID'wl r .I�II I� 7 II ,III mI I:ILI I. AY" .0 II,. Ila" Awl 1 •..; "'MIDI II . �' .. II W ;.I Ilo _ Y .— IV _ dlmil� . 1� •;I.' wl,,;' � .. �1 •� � .: Y � I Yi —III '� ow:' u I� �p.IIIIY'a IIY IIII y•�•111 �• im. •� m: � �(IIIII to �. III -III �' Y", III; ��. ' t - ' 1 ' � ;ti4a r x.�J I, q u•u�l •,u::u �� h„ � Y u 1 � w " i ,. d"� I, '"� IIII i° I I�y� � � ' h Y • w � 1� • � �� YIYI Y ":��u e wml uu ',I a. i:i w uu ul Ili • ,F •\ ' 4 :: ' � u " ue III tlY Iw ♦' w • il 1 a • i tI• r • • III Z.-,:w la•_III• III`..0 w IY w w ' .-3- I _ •pl � ii • � ml f ear. am W. i. # I. Iti. .p . 1 r L r .03K1 � r • . ,, A ti �I •�". * • ''7. r�Vv, 1p • „-. .1 'IIVI .N.r 'w.III ,..4 , ,... .,....,.. i , _ • .. ,,••r , 111%.,p,,„ .41 F II ® rY nW.... III 'f • .. Nilo . .'� "nl — 11 IIII .I, --Y; ,; i _ �III, j• -- . �ti �I»� li " 1.1� i;, a I� :III � . ". .y • III -I • 1/4 1 "1! i •� —LL 111, 1111.4 4. I•II��II "" 1 ; .•IIII:, � liON R W .,� � r- Y � r illy � • � 1. • 4 M IIIII .: wl w' . _ ', "( •I .III �� r 1I IIII: �:: Ils�ylll, 4w7'.6 m1 '° .1112. '- 'Y� Figure 17. Site 50-10-63-18526 Feature 2,mound, view to the northeast. ":I W uaY �I Ix :NIA • � • � • 1 ' Y � •:N, ;� II�� Y.,Y 1 � � MIIWg, G 4 � ,.• ii• `Oh�l I�. . • z I . :' • ".` r " I I 1 a � 1.1, I•i ' 1 • • � _, --•... . r� � �. fir' . : . } A , �rie I � � "II •� w w. � w I � sieo ,0 rC Sx : 1 I - ,uryIIjVw • .; 11•' . " uoperp ••III ' Yl�w 111 IA. 1,III _ � � 1� �'. .� 1. — 1 . r I ':.��y��: 5 .;III,, ��Y�� ,�y It � 14 � 11 . N 1 � �� ,.III. ‘,,s; ViE'4'"�.�. a�• µ.lu rm ,o —YYu Y IF W; • • ... I . . m"YI -- .: ��•II 1 1 "I • d: n. ;. ,,'II I',u,V' 1,III; �I,:d Ilr,l I � III .,., — m' ,"„ -.' °'�:...uw a '„ .•� III% �d .,'� -•.•" ` mm''ke III • • •� � - �L„Y ,,� �� ...:`.•+ III .� �:: e ). ,,I ,,,'—i. ....—ir ' . .III 1011 �� • . `;, .� 5 �;��G'}'"w • ri - •_im •-�III• ,. u 1 �,,:,II. i ,'w —iv. ii,I� , • ally 1..-_bra.`". ." J.. t. - „ F .I Y '., i_3,r T 1 •� ., Y • '',w. .: 'm 1 r;r ;� .V.:•. II . Io w "511,� '4, • Ail.41 mow • 1 1 • 11' 4: 1 I;� � "� ..,II ■;IIII I' ilL 1 . 1 '' "le "''I.I. „II:: �IIII IIII; ww•. 1 YII —1 rl; rvl,,r „yip i q, Y rm � �" '�.Iwl, l'e.• 'Mk,let. I • ?I. IIIII .' $:::: 1 1 Il /7' �- uu � ww � II{1 IIII �; . " ,N, ;•: � ; ., ..,,, ,e 1 ' I. a wu °'Ij ® 1 wl ' rr �e� � u�� r 1 "T .: • �� I'�� ! •. � ..;;�• .;• IIII Figure 18. Site 50-10-63-18527,wall ,view to the west with the Kalapana-Kapoho Road visible in the background. January 20,2024 Archaeological Field Inspection and Cultural Consultation for TMK:(3) 1-2-018:001 Page 19 of 19 Ai!'LI,-1:141 4,01111"--- Archorl ircr— , AP ,,,.. ... I " ' ...,,,,.. WI.' • 'iy ilii" YI „ „„ . iL Y_, ' ,mom•y III y ��'. 6 �w I�� .:`.. yW • � Mu1. �',� f .44..rl. 11• N 1 "1 1 I " i•S lit • .1- w"1I i115ie,,,W . . a • '+ �� 4 ^ �. 1 I®e l III a•)F1.11' • • • � ypW ,�1{y w� 1.1/IiAr , . P r., .L".''„F 1..4 • 4:1 M _,4..t Mw ,•,,� ..... '#'� p _ �.�� —Y • YIP , 1� " v"; u,'•�. .. '\fro•lit - ,11 R,....0,1*t.. ..,..;filiti , -.'. -1 - /3_,•,,,....v• . Or ,Ir•..-: ....116'fi- i° ti • .- Yii ��ii i nl{ -a �. n" " III uu 1 IV4 µ� . ."II',u J^b fly y w Y yP� . il � fir"• � ]� � "� � ~ I,� ,., " " � e �� .• " � 114 1'1 r� I ulll �A„ w,, it Ilk ,,,..,.4 74,".i., •.• :„..• r'.. . 1. .......„. ..• ,,,.. . , .6/ , . u _ ;11. ...01..„,i .6, . ' 4 wwu ,, - III " .,.y. ' II• . ill Y j�""'II r�I' ,,� • • 7 1 . ' � �"' u >"Y '� !R iiLt E . of,.. . I Ym.. � wl y 1 • �• � r 1 N f . l'}O:i.;IK; m 1 II,0 (' '1), 1'III -•1 •1 !. '..• ry 1 , ,,_ - • - �� "V � .II ' ilk': - " • i. 11 _ m I . 1 14 ti: ;111.01;•,„• ). ,• 11▪.7 „ri• g :,•.,,,,„7-t,„ . : .,---ffiri , 0. dl • . R � IL �� III y� ...— f ur • .r I. uw III �i�qm' it ._ 11 � � '"I w I 1 • „ 1 SI Y 1 "11r y lily • a " Figure 19. Location of Site 50-10-63-18528, lava blister,view to the northeast. ".•-••',...? i ii„,.."1"ir 4.117,6 TIT.- � 1 �,.�' 1 Ilm ,... ...... 4 . ..: 4 •1 Jr.• - 11 41 A ht . • 1E ' _. .fig _:t _ • x C .u. m„ I. v A y . • v AI"" 4 i •'� „ • . , .ta 4 . - ;.4rit,.ilkt ; TS a ,� w - • " 4, „..1 • oi.k. . u y.�� .., .n �y • . • • . _ .• .. . . . :md�'1_ , . , . 1 r� Y r ,::. I gel � • • ..Tr�� , a ." w �,;,. Y 1 Yo -.'• -,411,..... ..if 4-111.1 . --‘r ti011ie-r :. fr.:. _ 4 in', .,,,,,Or 4 i ..,,. . ,...;. 4, .,,,...... .. ""**"''''' ;110'1 7 1 ' — • "" .ii It, • , m , AliiiithiSiltrewirop li hl IY 1 " ' W 1 v Olt i 1 '° ' T .ry" L .. d R 4. 101.' - y At+yW�u � ;' ''I�•�",,, �" �t •'�ti� *a ll,�. "Y I r, ��,� µt "1� y .�� ▪ .. �' .,,. � �u„' ��uilm. 4�V"'�Y � �� i1 �- , ",� IVI��Nulll" �� % d .V 0:ink. �� 1 �� '0-,,,, —" �� "1":, � .� � � "� ,, ��. ,� VIE ▪ V rli RI ▪I� II 4 ��i��a �. -•,mom .nu uul i��. • • a ' 'Pi„ii . ' .7 `u r � .•.. "� al. � �., 1. � ��;, ,.� — • n a" ir r ~� �°•"u°~ �. y III•1 � ,�� li I•� � � a' N.'', <- licZ lc;,": 0- '...,, ,„" . i . . r5.lir- AL -' . ',7,, "' 1 • 'It " " l'''‘. 1 , • • lir, • " � — ��.�• '. �'F I�� '.0 a yw i Ili," : m �� ' ��u �Y R .. " " .a " W� " uar.%AA. NI n �+ ra�1• Figure 20. Recently constructed path in the central-coastal portion of the project area, view to the east.