Communication 09 How To draw Redistricting Plans That Will Stand Up In Court

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so narrowly drawn that she had voted to reject it. 462 U.S. at 850. The Court reaffirmed this narrow view of its holding in Brown by later citing it as authority for the statement that no case indicated that a deviation of some 78% could ever be justified.Board of Estimate v. Morris, 489 U.S. 688, 702 (1989). In Voinovich v. Quilter,507 U.S. 146 (1993), the Supreme Court reversed a decision of the federal district court striking down Ohios legislative plan bec plan was 13.81 percent and the overall range of the Senate plan pointed out that preserving the boundaries of political subdivis might justify an overall range in excess of ten percent. There may not be any other rational state policies that will j the ten-percent standard. But with the multitude of plans that your consideration, you may wish to adopt other policies to gove percent overall range. Courts that are called upon to draw redistricting plans, when le adopted policies for the parties to follow in submitting propose are not required by the federal constitution, and have not been percent standard, but they have helped the three-judge courts to were fair in adopting their plans. These policies often have in districts must be composed of contiguous territory; Carstens v. Lamm, 543 F. Supp. 68, 87 ! 88 (D. Colo. 1982); Shayer v. Kirkpatrick, 541 F. Supp. 922, 931 (W.D. Mo. 1982) aff’d sub nom.Schatzle v. Kirkpatrick, 456 U.S. 966 (1982); LaComb v. Growe, 541 F. Supp. 145, 148 (D. Minn. 1982); districts must be compact; e.g.,Carstens v. Lamm, 543 F. Supp. at 87-88; Shayer v. ! Kirkpatrick, 541 F. Supp. at 931; LaComb v. Growe,supra;South Carolina State Conference of Branches of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Riley, 533 F. Supp. 1178, 1181 (D. S.C. 1982); Dunnell v. Austin, 344 F. Supp. 210 (E.D. Mich. 1972); David v. Cahill, 342 F. Supp. 463 (D. N.J. 1972); Preisler v. Secretary of State, 341 F. Supp. 1158 (W.D. Mo. 1972); Skolnick v. State Electoral Board, 336 F. Supp. 839, 843 (N.D. Ill. 1971); Citizens Committee for Fair Congressional Redistricting, Inc. v. Tawes, 253 F. Supp. 731, 734 (D. Md. 1966) aff’d mem. sub nom. Alton v. Tawes,384 U.S. 315 (1966); and districts should attempt to preserve communities of interest; e.g.,Carstens v. Lamm, 543 F. ! Supp. at 91-93; Shayer v. Kirkpatrick, 541 F. Supp. at 934; LaComb v. Growe,supra;Riley, 533 F. Supp. at 1181; Dunnell v. Austin, 344 F. Supp. at 216; Tawes, 253 F. Supp. at 735; Skolnick, 336 F. Supp. at 845-46. As of 1983, the constitutions of 27 states required districts to territory, and the constitutions of 21 states required that dist Karcher v. Daggett, 462 U.S. 725, 756 n. 18 (1983) (Stevens, J., concurring). 16