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7 AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE 2D CONsrITUTIONAL <br /> C. FUNDAMENTAL AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL nois, Wisconsin. <br /> DOCUMENTS have generally <br /> Research References tion of the Con: <br /> Constitution ple <br /> West's Key Number Digest would not be tb <br /> Constitutional Law 0=500 to 502 the adoption of <br /> stitution, howe <br /> Primary Authority continued in for <br /> 48 U.S.C.A. §§ 737, 1421b, 1561 rial government <br /> A.L.R. Library In both the fe <br /> A.L.R. Index, Constitutional Law Northwest Ter <br /> West's A.L.R. Digest, Constitutional Law 0-500 to 502 superseded by tl <br /> ted to the Union <br /> § 7 Pre-Constitution national documents: Declaration of except insofar a <br /> Independence; Northwest Ordinance; Articles of constitution.10 <br /> Confederation Following the <br /> were drafted in <br /> Research References the state legisla <br /> West's Key Number Digest, Constitutional Law 0-500 the states until <br /> While statements of principles contained in the Declaration of Inde- centralized exec <br /> pendence do not have the force of organic law' and therefore cannot ated by the Art]' <br /> be made the basis of any judicial decision as to the limits of rights loose confederal <br /> and duties, yet it is always safe to read the letter of the Constitution tance of the pri <br /> in the spirit of the Declaration of Independence,' and the courts have through ratifical <br /> sometimes referred to the Declaration in determining constitutional - branch of gover <br /> questions.' = state legislature <br /> On July 13, 1787—two years before the Constitution of the United to make war an <br /> States was adopted—Congress enacted the Northwest Ordinance.' coin money, to c <br /> Captioned "An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the <br /> United States Northwest of the River Ohio," this landmark legisla- 0374P (6th Cir. 199 <br /> tion—which was to have a profoundly important effect on the estate of Mich <br /> subsequent development of both state and national law—was the 95 Ed. Law Rep. f <br /> fundamental instrument of government for an area covering more 0374P (6th Cir. 199 <br /> than a quarter-million square miles.' The territory to which the 'Chapin v. Fyn <br /> ordinance applied included all of present-day Michigan, Indiana, Illi- Ct. 71, 45 L. Ed. 11 <br /> 8Sands v. Mar <br /> 123 U.S. 288, 8 S. C <br /> [Section 71 tion of Labor v. Buck's Stove & Range (1887); Huse v. GloN <br /> Co. 33 App, D.C. 83, 32 L.R.A.N.S. 748, Ct. 313, 30 L. Ed. 4t <br /> Filan v. Martin, 38 Wash. App. 91, 1909 WL 21547 (App. D.C. 1909); People American River Bric <br /> 684 P.2d 769 (Div. 3 1984). ex rel. Tyroler v. Warden of City Prison 5 S. Ct. 423, 28 L. E <br /> 'Gulf, C. & S.F. Ry. Co.v. Ellis, 165 of City of New York, 157 N.Y. 116, 51 BStrader v. Gr <br /> U.S. 150, 17 S. Ct. 255, 41 L. Ed. 666 N.E. 1006 (1898). How. 82, 13 L. Ed <br /> (1897); McKinster v. Sager, 163 Ind. 671, °State of Mich. v. U.S., 40 F.3d 817, (1850). <br /> 72 N.E. 854 (1904). 95 Ed. Law Rep. 846, 1994 FED App. <br /> ' 10Hawkins v. B <br /> For example, Gulf, C. & S.F. Ry. 0374P(6th Cir. 1994). 37 S. Ct. 255, 61 L. ] <br /> Co. v. Ellis, 165 U.S. 150, 17 S. Ct. 255, 5State of Mich. v. U.S., 40 F.3d 817, <br /> 41 L. Ed. 666 (1897); American Federa- 95 Ed. Law Rep. 846, 1994 FED App. FQ.' <br /> t <br /> 330 <br />