2008-07-22 Resolution_702-08_re_Violations_of_federal_clean_air_act_gas_emissions_and_controls_for_West_Hawaii_Landfill

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• Smoke or smoldering odor emanating from the gas extraction system or landfill; • Elevated levels of CO in excess of 1,000 parts per million; • Combustion residue in extraction wells or headers; • Increase in gas temperature in the extraction system (above 140°F);and • Temperatures in excess of 170°F. These and other indicators will be considered at the Kailua-Kona Landfill. 2.3.2 Landfill-Specific Approaches The three broad approaches available for fire management at the Kailua- Kona Landfill therefore include: • Inundation; • Suffocation;and • Controlled Combustion. • To assess the potential for success of each approach,and provide information for design and implementation,certain field investigations are appropriate. In general,the investigations would consist of surficial investigations using remote sensing techniques and monitoring of subsurface well points. Investigations would consist of non-intrusive evaluations,i.e., non-destructive to the current cover system,and in particular the geomembrane. 2.3.3 Proposed Investigation Scope Locating the"hotspots" that may be representative of subsurface fires with a reasonable degree of accuracy will permit developing subsequent investigations and response action strategies that are focused rather than broad. However,the difficulty of identifying localized areas has been demonstrated on this and other landfills(Walker,2004). Nevertheless, remote sensing techniques should be evaluated as one mechanism for identifying hotspots. This would consist of infrared imagery utilized to identify higher temperature differential zones across the landfill surface. This technique will be limited by the presence of hotspots near the surface. In support of the thermal imagery,topographic mapping of the surface and comparison with prior surveys may be utilized to identify locations where subsurface collapse as a result of waste combustion may have occurred. Thermal and topographic changes can be confirmed in the field ERM 8 KAILUA-KONA LANDFILL/0061204-3/14/2008