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CHAPTER 2: INTERNAL CONTROL CRITERIA <br />organizational objectives. Control activities occur throughout <br />the organization at all levels and in all functions. They include <br />a range of activities as diverse as approvals; authorizations; <br />verifications; reconciliations; reviews of operating <br />performance; security of assets; and segregation of duties. <br />Component No. 4: Information and Communication — <br />Pertinent information must be identified, captured, and <br />communicated in a form and timeframe that enable employees <br />to carry out their responsibilities in an effective and efficient <br />manner. Information systems produce reports containing <br />operational, financial, and compliance - related information that <br />help management run and control the organization. Effective <br />communication must also occur in a broader sense by flowing <br />down, across, and up the organization. All personnel must <br />receive a clear message from management that control <br />responsibilities must be taken seriously. They must <br />understand their own role in the internal control system, as <br />well as how their individual activities relate to the work of <br />others in the organization. <br />Component No. 5: Monitoring — Internal control systems <br />need to be monitored — a process that assesses the quality of <br />system performance over time. This is accomplished through <br />ongoing monitoring activities, separate evaluations, or a <br />combination of the two. Ongoing monitoring occurs during the <br />course of operations, and includes regular management and <br />supervisory activities as well as other employee activities. The <br />scope and frequency of separate evaluations will depend <br />primarily on an assessment of risks and the effectiveness of <br />ongoing monitoring procedures. Internal control deficiencies <br />should be reported upstream, with serious matters reported to <br />top management and governmental leaders. <br />Source: http:// www. coso. org/ IC- IntegratedFramework- summary.htm <br />7 <br />