Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan: 01. Introduction

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Chapter 1:Appendix A 8. Lava and VOG The 2005 plan included a discussion of This new chapter adds an entirely new section on VOG—Volcanic past eruptions and the basic lava hazard Gas Emissions,that was identified in public surveys as one the zones,along with recommended tools three major concerns(earthquake,hurricanes,and VOG for improved lava hazard mapping. mitigation). Additional information on past lava inundation events is included. The lava hazard zone map is used in GIS analysis to calculate the Average Annualized Loss(i.e.,the county's economic risk)due to property damage by lava inundation. There is an update on lava and VOG mitigation activities,including several ongoing projects. 9. Tsunamis In the 2005 plan,the fundamentals of Further historical data on tsunamis during the past 100 years is tsunami generation,local history, presented. Additional information on tsunami detection and warning,and the historical development warning is provided. A new tsunami inundation study using state- of current tsunami evacuation maps are of-the-art modeling has developed updated inundation limits to explained. use as the basis for updating the tsunami evacuation maps. A risk assessment of tsunami-prone communities is presented. Further work is identified,to included addressing tsunami risk in coastal flood zoning and the upcoming development of new Performance- Based Tsunami Engineering provisions for future building codes. 10. Floods The 2005 plan included a description of The phenomena leading to flooding are described in greater coastal and stream flooding hazard detail. The locations of Hawaii Dams are given for background areas,and the basis for FIRM maps are information leading to Chapter 11. Historical damaging flood explained. Areas of seasonally higher events are described in detail. The modern-day rainfall intensity rainfall are generally identified. map is introduced. Areas of flooding are described by district. NFIP exposure for Hawaii County is summarized. An analysis of repetitive loss and severe repetitive loss properties is given and mapped. Floodplain management activities of the County of Hawaii are described in detail,and proposed county regulatory update objectives are summarized. Future work is identified. 11. Dam Failures Early research work on dam break This is an entirely new chapter dealing with the technological modeling is described and the need for failure hazard of dam break inundation. A major effort in dam further work on inundation modeling is condition surveys and hazard identification,and inundation identified,due to the presence of 11 modeling has occurred in the years since the March 16,2006 earthern dams in Hawaii County. Kaloko Dam failure on Kauai. Regulatory requirements are described. Ongoing efforts of the USACoE,State,and County Civil Defense to create dam evacuation maps are discussed. 12. High Surf This is an entirely new chapter dealing with damaging high surf events and high waves due to hurricanes and tropical storms. 13. Coastal Erosion The 2005 plan was confined to discussion This entirely new chapter focuses on coastal erosion mechanisms of coastal escarpment erosion and and strategies. coastal landslides. A 1-3 Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan