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Chapter 9:Hazard Analysis—Tsunamis <br /> 9.2 Significant Historic Events <br /> Tsunamis are infrequent events but can be extremely destructive. Since 1812, 25 tsunamis <br /> have adversely impacted the Big Island. Of these, 22 were distant tsunamis and 3 were local <br /> tsunamis(see Figure 9-2 for historical events and run-up heights). <br /> Hawaii •,ter.. r w I twr a, drt•P In Ilw•IYn M W. <br /> Tsunamis . <br /> S,i,riaaforfa6iacYfAjRtnel[ -_ -SIP ,tea• Vs9 4W-4 t Zas <br /> :s of tan >amasR v.cs <br /> n•.R t� I <br /> s.M..0m. <br /> nms Sri <br /> {u"�s: - - " firer v„` •a +su rrmar r.0 3 <br /> 0!2 - --- <br /> !'@R tar,Y a­>Lft <br /> !E YlR UW@ <br /> lam <br /> S T]a <br /> Val <br /> ! �fF Am? UW <br /> [oa J�. � !2 •ate „+.� <br /> r ter; <br /> %WA faai�•isi Y.33 j <br /> •� 1We R tYF Yam Qd.WY 0-46 <br /> m ,tr! `a jai a.•i4T. <br /> \� '1Wiy,l:61,r11R/wra�cae�a'V�IF <br /> lMM•M rRrwrr, Irw n• �,islwpa U,wwpvwu a�•+w <br /> Na <br /> °-]9Gei� 'an yc ns�mr r�a" tre�ntr��.ir�►r.sr ��lw . <br /> 1904000-19700-e000 1W varp�sm•aatiro>rtrr as <br /> «t y. fits <br /> -0 QW-2 300 i•t -QW— s•+ti.ass <br /> 12.000 t•,1 co". D I 29- +�e..o.o= Mow~ <br /> UrOan nom• 1001 M.V4 CO r�-P I") 1{�I.1 1 1 <br /> 0 lawn <br /> Figure 9-2. Historic Tsunamis of Hawaii island <br /> Source: Fletcher,C,B.Richmond,E.Grossman,A.Gibbs,Atlas of Natural Hazards in the Hawaiian Coastal Zone, <br /> Prepared in cooperation with University of Hawaii,State of Hawaii Office of Planning,and National Oceanic and <br /> Atmospheric Administration,U.S.Geological Service Geologic Investigations Series 1-2761,2002. <br /> The most devastating tsunamis to hit the Island of Hawaii in this century occurred in 1946 <br /> and 1960. In both cases, the worst damage was inflicted on the northeastern coast of the <br /> island. The tsunami of 1946 originated in the Aleutian Islands, struck Hawaii without <br /> warning, and killed over 170 people, mainly at Laupahoehoe and Hilo where the wave <br /> heights averaged 30 feet. The maximum wave height was 55 feet at Pololu Valley on the <br /> northern tip of the island. <br /> The 1960 tsunami originated in Chile and advanced upon the island from the southeast; <br /> again, its effects were greatest at Hilo. The arrival time of this tsunami was correctly <br /> predicted, but many people failed to heed the warnings, and authorities evacuated an <br /> insufficient area of Hilo. As a result, 61 lives were lost as waves up to 35 feet high crashed <br /> 9-3 Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan <br />