Final AA Hu Honua Bioenergy Facility

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PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS Table 1 summarizes the previous archaeological investigations in the immediate vicinity of the current project area. Figure 7 illustrates the locations of these previous archaeological investigations on a topographic map. Somewhat surprisingly, as Hilo is a vibrant locus of modern Hawaiian culture, there is a relative paucity of archaeological studies in the vicinity of Pepe ekeo and the South Hilo district. This may be due to the vast amount of earth - altering activities that have taken place in Hilo since the mid -19th century, which have destroyed much of the archaeological surface architecture in the region. Of the few archaeological surveys that have taken place in Pepe ekeo, only one of them covered the entirety of the subject parcel, TM K: (3) 2 -8 -008: 104 (formerly TM K: (3) 2 -8 -007: 053) . In what may have been East Hawai' is first archaeological study, A.E. Hudson, an employee of B.P. Bishop Museum, undertook a research project that led to the book Archaeology in East Hawaii being written circa 1932. Although the book has remained an unpublished manuscript, portions of it can be found in Rosendahl 2002a. In the manuscript, Hudson interviewed two men named Henry Lyman and Olin Wilson. Mr. Lyman informed Hudson that he believed that "there may have been a heiau at the site of the managers house at Pepe ekeo plantation" (Hudson n.d.: 221) Mr. Wilson, who lived in the house at that time, knew nothing of a heiau. Hudson also noted that a previous study by H.W. Kinney in 1913 referred to a 'former burial cave' at Pepe ekeo Landing. Kinney's use of the term 'former' indicates that, to his knowledge, there were no longer burials in the cave in the early 20th century. It is also possible that the cave itself was impacted or demolished when the landing infrastructure was established. In any case, the Landing is located north of the subject property at TM K: (3) 2 -8 -8: 151. In the early 1970s, circa 1973, Hawai' i State Parks employee John C. Wright documented a number of historic buildings in Pepe ekeo, creating Pepe ekeo Historic District. Wright drafted a plan view map of the Pepe ekeo Clinic and described and photographed several buildings in the District. The buildings included the Pepe ekeo clinic, Mill office, landing platform, gym, Catholic Church, plantation store, the mill housing and a plantation -era flume. (Figure 5, 6 and Appendix 1) For whatever reason, the district was not placed on the Hawai' i Register of Historic Places; however, it does remain on the State Inventory of Historic Places (SIHP) as SIHP 50 -10 -26 -7390. At least one of the historic buildings, the Mill office, was documented as being situated on this study's subject parcel. However, Hawai' i County's real property database states that the parcel currently only contains a single building which was erected in 2001. In 2002, Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D, Inc. (PHRI) conducted two field checks in the vicinity of the subject parcel. The field checks included surveying the Pepe ekeo Sugar Plantation Parcels at (3) 2 -8 -07: 1, 2 & 53 as well as TM K: (3) 2 -8 -08: 3 and (3) 2 -8 -09: 1, which were a coastal surveys of the makai lands between Pepe ekeo and Pohakumanu Bay. Two plantation era cemeteries, which can be found on modern TMK maps, were encountered during the coastal inspection: a 'Japanese Cemetery' south of Alia Stream, and a 'Chinese Cemetery' north of Makea Stream. Both the historic 13